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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Recessies in Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recessies_in_Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Recessie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 71 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resessie" title="Resessie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Resessie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AF" title="ركود – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ركود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesi%C3%B3n" title="Recesión – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Recesión" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resessiya_(iqtisadiyyat)" title="Resessiya (iqtisadiyyat) – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Resessiya (iqtisadiyyat)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Рэцэсія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэцэсія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Рецесия (икономика) – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рецесия (икономика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE" title="অর্থনৈতিক মন্দা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অর্থনৈতিক মন্দা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesija" title="Recesija – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Recesija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessi%C3%B3" title="Recessió – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Recessió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recese" title="Recese – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Recese" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirwasgiad" title="Dirwasgiad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dirwasgiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession" title="Recession – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Recession" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezession" title="Rezession – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rezession" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resesyon" title="Resesyon – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Resesyon" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8E%CF%86%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ύφεση – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ύφεση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession" title="Recession – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Recession" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesio" title="Recesio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Recesio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesi%C3%B3n" title="Recesión – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Recesión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majanduslangus" title="Majanduslangus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Majanduslangus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atzeraldi" title="Atzeraldi – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atzeraldi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="کسادی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کسادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taantuma" title="Taantuma – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taantuma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9cession_(%C3%A9conomie)" title="Récession (économie) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Récession (économie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seacadh" title="Seacadh – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Seacadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesi%C3%B3n" title="Recesión – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Recesión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מיתון – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיתון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="आर्थिक शिथिलता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आर्थिक शिथिलता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesija" title="Recesija – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Recesija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesszi%C3%B3" title="Recesszió – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Recesszió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resesi" title="Resesi – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Resesi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessione" title="Recessione – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Recessione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%B0%97%E5%BE%8C%E9%80%80" title="景気後退 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="景気後退" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Рецессия – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рецессия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%ED%87%B4" title="경기후퇴 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="경기후퇴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessio_oeconomica" title="Recessio oeconomica – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Recessio oeconomica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rezessioun" title="Rezessioun – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rezessioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BB%8D%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2" title="ເສດຖະກິດຕົກຕໍ່າ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເສດຖະກິດຕົກຕໍ່າ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesija" title="Recesija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Recesija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lejupsl%C4%ABde_(ekonomika)" title="Lejupslīde (ekonomika) – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lejupslīde (ekonomika)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Рецесија – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рецесија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="मंदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मंदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemelesetan" title="Kemelesetan – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kemelesetan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resesjon" title="Resesjon – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Resesjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resesjon" title="Resesjon – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Resesjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesja_gospodarcza" title="Recesja gospodarcza – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Recesja gospodarcza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کساد بازاری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کساد بازاری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recess%C3%A3o" title="Recessão – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Recessão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesiune_(economie)" title="Recesiune (economie) – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Recesiune (economie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Рецессия – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рецессия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Рецессия – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Рецессия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discisa" title="Discisa – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Discisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesija" title="Recesija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Recesija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession" title="Recession – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Recession" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesia_(ekon%C3%B3mia)" title="Recesia (ekonómia) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Recesia (ekonómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesija" title="Recesija – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Recesija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesioni" title="Recesioni – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Recesioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesija" title="Recesija – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Recesija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession" title="Recession – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Recession" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="பொருளியல் பின்னடைவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொருளியல் பின்னடைவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาวะเศรษฐกิจถดถอย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาวะเศรษฐกิจถดถอย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resesyon" title="Resesyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Resesyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resesyon" title="Resesyon – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Resesyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Рецесія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рецесія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کساد بازاری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کساد بازاری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recesion" title="Recesion – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Recesion" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suy_tho%C3%A1i_kinh_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Suy thoái kinh tế – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Suy thoái kinh tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastrind%C3%A5jhe_economike" title="Rastrindåjhe economike – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rastrindåjhe economike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%A1%B0%E9%80%80" title="经济衰退 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="经济衰退" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A2" title="רעסעסיע – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רעסעסיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%A1%B0%E9%80%80" title="经济衰退 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="经济衰退" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie_artikel" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Voor het gelijknamige begrip uit de tandheelkunde, zie <a href="/wiki/Recessie_(tandheelkunde)" title="Recessie (tandheelkunde)">Recessie (tandheelkunde)</a>.</i> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:GDP_Real_Growth_in_2009.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/GDP_Real_Growth_in_2009.svg/260px-GDP_Real_Growth_in_2009.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/GDP_Real_Growth_in_2009.svg/390px-GDP_Real_Growth_in_2009.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/GDP_Real_Growth_in_2009.svg/520px-GDP_Real_Growth_in_2009.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Wereldkaart met de groei van het <a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnenlands_product" title="Bruto binnenlands product">bruto binnenlands product</a> in 2009. (bruin = recessie)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Recession_2008.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Recession_2008.png/260px-Recession_2008.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Recession_2008.png/390px-Recession_2008.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Recession_2008.png/520px-Recession_2008.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>Kleurenschema: <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #FF0000; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Landen zwaar getroffen door de recessie van 2008</span></div> <div style="display: flex;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; line-height: 1.1; margin: 2px 0 0; border-radius: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; color-adjust: exact;background-color: #FFC0CB; color: transparent;border: 1px solid gray;">■</span> <span style="margin:0;">Ernstig getroffen landen</span></div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Recessie</b> betekent letterlijk 'teruggang' of 'terugval'. In de economie betekent dit dat de economische groei daalt en lager is dan gemiddeld. In de praktijk wordt meestal van een recessie gesproken als de groei van het <a href="/wiki/Bruto_nationaal_product" title="Bruto nationaal product">bruto nationaal product</a> gedurende twee of meer opeenvolgende kwartalen negatief is.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wanneer de <a href="/wiki/Productie" title="Productie">productie</a> van een <a href="/wiki/Economie_als_systeem" class="mw-redirect" title="Economie als systeem">economie</a> langdurig en sterk daalt, is er sprake van een <a href="/wiki/Laagconjunctuur" title="Laagconjunctuur">depressie</a>. </p><p>In de <a href="/wiki/Conjunctuur" title="Conjunctuur">conjunctuurbeweging</a> van een economie is de recessie onderdeel van een <a href="/wiki/Laagconjunctuur" title="Laagconjunctuur">laagconjunctuur</a>. Een variant is de <a href="/wiki/Balansrecessie" title="Balansrecessie">balansrecessie</a> waarbij de groei afneemt door een sterke daling in de waarde van activa, zoals grond, onroerend goed of effecten, en particulieren en bedrijven de schulden fors gaan reduceren ten koste van de consumptie en <a href="/wiki/Investering" title="Investering">investeringen</a>. </p><p>Ten gevolge van een recessie vinden vaak reorganisaties en meer <a href="/wiki/Ontslag_(arbeid)" title="Ontslag (arbeid)">ontslagen</a> plaats bij <a href="/wiki/Bedrijf" title="Bedrijf">bedrijven</a>. Er wordt minder <a href="/wiki/Geld" title="Geld">geld</a> uitgegeven aan extra <a href="/wiki/Scholing" class="mw-redirect" title="Scholing">scholing</a>, en er kunnen bedrijven <a href="/wiki/Failliet" class="mw-redirect" title="Failliet">failliet</a> gaan. Het landelijke werkloosheidscijfer kan hierdoor stijgen. Bij een recessie kan bij de overheidsfinanciën een <a href="/wiki/Begrotingstekort" title="Begrotingstekort">financieringstekort</a> ontstaan of sterk oplopen, omdat de <a href="/wiki/Belastingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Belastingen">belastinginkomsten</a> teruglopen en de overheidsuitgaven stijgen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recessies_in_Nederland">Recessies in Nederland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recessie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Recessies in Nederland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recessie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Recessies in Nederland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Nederland wordt door het <a href="/wiki/Centraal_Planbureau" title="Centraal Planbureau">Centraal Planbureau</a> de definitie gehanteerd dat er sprake is van een recessie als er twee of meer opeenvolgende kwartalen met economische krimp zijn. Nederland heeft sinds de <a href="/wiki/1930-1939" title="1930-1939">jaren 30</a> van de twintigste eeuw 5 duidelijke recessies gekend: </p> <ul><li>2023 (Eerste en tweede kwartaal): Een milde krimp als gevolg van verminderde consumentenuitgaven, teruglopende export en renteverhogingen door de ECB die als doel hadden de inflatie te beteugelen.</li> <li>2020 (Eerste en tweede kwartaal): Een zeer diepe daling in de economie. Deze is ontstaan door de <a href="/wiki/Coronapandemie" title="Coronapandemie">coronapandemie</a>.</li> <li>2008-2009 (tweede kwartaal 2008 tot en met 2009): De grootste krimp ooit, ten gevolge van de <a href="/wiki/Kredietcrisis" title="Kredietcrisis">kredietcrisis</a>, die half 2007 in de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> zichtbaar werd. (zie <a href="/wiki/Kredietcrisis#Recessie_in_Nederland_ten_gevolge_van_de_kredietcrisis" title="Kredietcrisis">Recessie in Nederland ten gevolge van de kredietcrisis</a>). De staatsschuld steeg in 2008: van 43% <a href="/wiki/Bruto_nationaal_product" title="Bruto nationaal product">bruto nationaal product</a> (bnp) vanaf 2007 naar 90,9% <a href="/wiki/Overheidsschuld" title="Overheidsschuld">overheidsschuld</a> van bnp eind 2014 door onder andere steun aan de bancaire sector (zoals de <a href="/wiki/Fortis_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortis Bank">Fortis Bank</a> van 44 miljard euro) en investeringen in onder andere de infrastructuur. De <a href="/wiki/AEX" title="AEX">AEX</a>-index daalde in 2008 van 515 punten op 1 januari naar 246 punten op 31 december, een jaarrendement van -52%.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1981-1982 (tweede / derde kwartaal 1980 tot halverwege 1983): hoge <a href="/wiki/Inflatie" title="Inflatie">inflatie</a>, een sterk gestegen <a href="/wiki/Werkloosheid" title="Werkloosheid">werkloosheid</a> en grote overheidstekorten van 10% per jaar en dientengevolge een sterk oplopende <a href="/wiki/Staatsschuld" class="mw-redirect" title="Staatsschuld">staatsschuld</a>. De werkloosheid steeg extreem snel: van 5,1% in 1979 naar 17,0% in 1983 of in absolute getallen van beneden de 200.000 in maart 1980 (/juni 1980) naar 801.000 in 1983. De productie nijverheid daalde met 6,5%-punt, van +3,0% in 1979 naar -1,0% in 1981 en naar -3,5% in 1982. Deze crisis volgde na de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_oliecrisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweede oliecrisis">tweede oliecrisis</a> in het vierde kwartaal van 1979. Met een krimp van respectievelijk -0,8% en daarbovenop nog eens -1,2% waren 1981 en vooral 1982 slechte jaren. Na de huizenprijzenpiek van 1978/1979, daalden de huizenprijzen tussen 1979/1980 en 1982 met 30% en de spaarrentes en hypotheekrentes bereikten een historische hoogte van 10% tot 12% in 1980 en 1981. De <a href="/wiki/Goud" title="Goud">goudprijs</a> had in januari 1980 een piek van <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_dollar" title="Amerikaanse dollar">$</a>875 per <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" title="Troy ounce">ounce</a> bereikt na de economische hausse/hoogconjunctuur (periode 1976-1979). De goudprijs zakte in 1982 tot beneden de $300 per ounce. De crisis van begin jaren tachtig in Nederland was niet zozeer een productieve en consumptieve crisis, maar werd vooral gekenmerkt door daling van de huizenprijzen met 30%, extreem hoge hypotheekrentes en spaarrentes tot 12%, en door een verviervoudigde werkloosheid. De productie en consumptie lieten een vrij beperkte daling zien. <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> groeide zelfs nog een klein beetje: +1,0% in 1981 en +0,5% in 1982.</li> <li>1974-1975 (vierde kwartaal 1973 tot en met eerste kwartaal 1976): ten gevolge van de in oktober 1973 begonnen <a href="/wiki/Eerste_oliecrisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eerste oliecrisis">eerste oliecrisis</a>; olieboycot door Arabische landen speciaal tegen de Verenigde Staten en Nederland gericht. Ernstigste recessie tot dan toe sinds 1929-1939, en ernstigste crisis sinds 1940-1945; krimp van -3% in 1975 (enkele andere landen werden nog veel ernstiger getroffen: Japan kromp met -4% in 1974 en daarbovenop nog eens met -11% in 1975, de Verenigde Staten, Frankrijk en Italië krompen in 1975 ieder met -9%, de groei in België bedroeg in 1975 -10%. Ook Groot-Brittannië kende negatieve groei: -1,5% in 1974 en daarbovenop nog eens -6,0% in 1975. De groeicijfers in de Bondsrepubliek Duitsland bedroegen in 1974 -1,5% en in 1975 -5,5%). Vooral een productieve en consumptieve crisis. Geen al te extreem gestegen werkloosheid in Nederland, maar toch nog een veranderhalfvoudiging: van 3,3% in 1974 naar 5,1% in 1975.</li> <li>1929-1939: <a href="/wiki/Grote_Depressie" class="mw-redirect" title="Grote Depressie">Grote Depressie</a>. Ernstigste financiële crisis ooit.</li></ul> <p>Hiernaast waren er ook vijf zeer milde recessies: </p> <ul><li>2012 (3e en 4e kwartaal): krimp van -1,0% respectievelijk -0.2% ten opzichte van het kwartaal ervoor: de 3e achtereenvolgende periode van krimp binnen 5 jaar, sinds 1 april 2008. In heel 2012 kromp de economie met -0.9% ten opzichte van het 4e kwartaal van 2011. Wel zeer positief was de stijging van de export in 2012 met +3,2%. De uitvoer van aardgas, aardolieproducten en chemische fabricaten was in het 4e kwartaal significant hoger. De industriële productie handhaafde zich op het niveau van 2011. De chemische en farmaceutische industrie, evenals de delfstoffenwinning (<a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">aardgas</a>), groeiden stevig. De overige industrie leed productieverlies. In de bouw was een daling van -9,0% in het 4e kwartaal van 2012. De huishoudelijke consumptie in 2012 daalde met -1,4% ten opzichte van 2011. De consumptie door huishoudens kromp in heel 2012 (en in bijna heel 2011). De investeringen in 2012 krompen met -4,7% ten opzichte van 2011, toen de investeringen nog stegen. In het 4e kwartaal van 2012 waren er 93.000 banen minder dan in het 4e kwartaal van 2011. Gemiddeld over 2012 was het aantal banen 63.000 lager dan gemiddeld over heel 2011.</li> <li>2011: (raming)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> als gevolg van de <a href="/wiki/Tijdlijn_van_de_Europese_staatsschuldencrisis_(2011)" title="Tijdlijn van de Europese staatsschuldencrisis (2011)">Europese staatsschuldencrisis</a>. Sinds 1 juli 2011 (begin derde kwartaal 2011) verkeert Nederland in een milde recessie, werd half februari 2012 bekend.</li> <li>2001-2004 (begin 2001 tot halverwege 2004): na het uiteenspatten van de <a href="/wiki/Internetzeepbel" title="Internetzeepbel">internetzeepbel</a> in februari 2000 en na de aanslagen op de <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Trade Center (New York)">Twin Towers</a> in New York op <a href="/wiki/Aanslagen_op_11_september_2001" title="Aanslagen op 11 september 2001">11 september 2001</a>. De AEX-index daalde van 703 punten op 4 september 2000, naar 218 punten op 12 maart 2003, een rendement van -69% in 2,5 jaar.</li> <li>1991-1993.</li> <li>1958: Lichte recessie, na een sterke economische opleving van de wederopbouw. Het bruto binnenlands product kromp toen met 1 procent.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recessie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recessie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conjunctuur" title="Conjunctuur">Conjunctuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balansrecessie" title="Balansrecessie">Balansrecessie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outputgap" title="Outputgap">Outputgap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paniek_van_1837" title="Paniek van 1837">Paniek van 1837</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li>Hebbink, G.E. & Van Velthoven, B.C.J. (2003). <i>Macro-economie en stabilisatiepolitiek</i>. Groningen: Stenfert-Kroese.</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hebbink & Van Velthoven, p.153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">BeursAEX <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151227090353/http://www.beursaex.nl/jaaroverzicht/2008/">AEX jaaroverzicht 2008</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2011/12/13/cpb-cijfers-nederland-in-recessie-extra-bezuinigingen-nodig/">December 2011, cpb-cijfers-nederland-in-recessie</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recessie&oldid=66256802">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recessie&oldid=66256802</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Economische_terminologie" title="Categorie:Economische terminologie">Economische terminologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Economisch_proces" title="Categorie:Economisch proces">Economisch proces</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 5 nov 2023 om 18:53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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