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class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Merger and revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger_and_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Recent activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factional_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factional_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Factional dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factional_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>General election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>State election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Partai Rakyat Malaysia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Rakyat Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Rakyat Malaysia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Parti Rakyat Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="மலேசிய மக்கள் கட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Dormant political party in Malaysia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #D00000; border-bottom:2px solid #D00000; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Malaysian People's Party</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Logo.svg/150px-Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Logo.svg/225px-Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Logo.svg/300px-Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Malay name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">Parti Rakyat Malaysia<br />ڤرتي رعيت مليسيا</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chinese name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">馬來西亞人民黨<br />马来西亚人民党<br /><i>Mǎláixīyǎ rénmín dǎng</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Tamil name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">மலேசிய மக்கள் கட்சி<br /><i>Malēciya makkaḷ kaṭci</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">PRM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Ahmad Jufliz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Secretary-General</span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Koh Swe Yong</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Boestamam" title="Ahmad Boestamam">Ahmad Boestamam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">11 November 1955</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1955 – <i>Partai Ra'ayat</i> (People's Party; PR)</li><li>1965 – <i>Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia</i> (Malaysian People's Socialist Party; PSRM)</li><li>1989 – <i>Parti Rakyat Malaysia</i> (Malaysian People's Party; PRM, MPP)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">No 8 Jalan Indah 3, Taman Selayang Indah, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Suara Rakyat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a><sup id="cite_ref-T_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front</a> (1957–1966) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">Gagasan Rakyat</a> (1990-1995) <br /><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif</a> (1998–2003)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D00000; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Red</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Anthem</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Demi Rakyat</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 70</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #D00000; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #D00000; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri">Dewan Undangan Negeri</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 606</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #D00000; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Flag.svg/150px-Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Flag.svg/225px-Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Flag.svg/300px-Malaysian_People%27s_Party_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://partirakyatmalaysia.blogspot.com/">partirakyatmalaysia<wbr />.blogspot<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #D00000;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Malaysian People's Party</b> (<a href="/wiki/Abbreviation" title="Abbreviation">abbreviation</a>: <b>PRM</b>; <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i>Parti Rakyat Malaysia</i>) is a dormant political party in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. Founded on 11 November 1955 as <b>Partai Ra'ayat</b>, it is one of the older political parties in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and traces its pedigree to the <a href="/wiki/Anti-colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-colonial">anti-colonial</a> movements from the pre World War II period like the <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Melayu_Muda" title="Kesatuan Melayu Muda">Kesatuan Melayu Muda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was part of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front</a> coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya" title="Labour Party of Malaya">Labour Party of Malaya</a> and was a force in the late 1950s and 1960s although the coalition was eventually decimated by politically-motivated detentions.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965, the party renamed itself Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia in keeping with its scientific socialist ideology, but this was reversed in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A small faction of the party re-emerged to form the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Socialist Party of Malaysia">Socialist Party</a> in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-split_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-split-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, PRM merged with Parti Keadilan Nasional to form <a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Keadilan Rakyat">Parti Keadilan Rakyat</a> in 2003, but was revived by a minority of its former membership in 2005. It contested in the states of Penang, Kedah and Selangor in the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 2018">2018 elections</a> after a period of political inactivity but failed to win a single seat. It is unrepresented in the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a> and state legislative assemblies of Malaysia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.7em; border: 4px double #ffcc00;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Politics of Malaysia">a series</a> on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#cd0000; border: 1px double #ffcc00;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia"><span style="color:white;"><small>Politics of</small><br />Malaysia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Head of State</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim Iskandar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Legislature</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">15th Parliament</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/30px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/45px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/60px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Senate (Dewan Negara)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="President of the Dewan Negara">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Awang_Bemee_Awang_Ali_Basah" title="Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah">Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Rakyat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/30px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/45px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/60px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul" title="Johari Abdul">Johari Abdul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Leader of the Government</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malaysia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Malaysia)">Leader of the Opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Zainudin" title="Hamzah Zainudin">Hamzah Zainudin</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia#Executive" title="Government of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Executive</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_in_Malaysia" title="Civil service in Malaysia">Civil service</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_ministries_and_agencies_in_Malaysia" title="List of federal ministries and agencies in Malaysia">agencies</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_to_the_Government_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia">Chief Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Azri_Abu_Bakar" title="Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar">Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Court of Malaysia">Federal Court</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Justice of Malaysia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Maimun_Tuan_Mat" title="Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat">Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="Court of Appeal of Malaysia">Court of Appeal</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Abang_Iskandar_Abang_Hashim" title="Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim">Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Malaysia">High Court in Malaya ∙ High Court in Sabah and Sarawak</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Judge of Malaya">Chief Judge of Malaya</a> <i>Vacant</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Sabah_and_Sarawak" title="Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak">Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rahman_Sebli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rahman Sebli (page does not exist)">Abdul Rahman Sebli</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/30px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/45px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/60px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="624" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Election Commission of Malaysia">Election Commission of Malaysia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">General elections</a>: <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_electoral_districts" title="List of Malaysian electoral districts">Electoral districts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Political parties</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">PH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">PN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">GPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">GRS</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">List of political parties in Malaysia</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Malaysia" title="Federalism in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_governments_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="State governments in Malaysia">State governments</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_ministers_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief ministers in Malaysia">Chief ministers of the states</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State legislatures</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2018%E2%80%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–)">members</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">Local governments</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_local_governments_in_Malaysia" title="List of local governments in Malaysia">list</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="color:#FFF;">Ideologies and concepts</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Malaysia" title="Communism in Malaysia">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Malaysia" title="Feminism in Malaysia">Feminism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Rukun Negara</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_(Malaysia)" title="Reformasi (Malaysia)">Reformasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Hadhari" title="Islam Hadhari">Islam Hadhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Asian values</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Race and politics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayaks_in_politics" title="Dayaks in politics">Dayaks in politics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)"><i>Bumiputera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malaysia" title="Malaysian Malaysia">Malaysian Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract_(Malaysia)" title="Social contract (Malaysia)">Social contract</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The founder of PRM, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Boestamam" title="Ahmad Boestamam">Ahmad Boestamam</a>, was an activist of the leftist <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Melayu_Muda" title="Kesatuan Melayu Muda">Kesatuan Melayu Muda</a> (<i>Young Malays Union</i>; KMM). During the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a>, he had briefly served as with the Japanese sponsored militia known as the Pembela Tanah Ayer (<i>Defender of the Homeland</i>) and later helped to organise co-operative communes run by the KMM.<sup id="cite_ref-Boestamam_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boestamam-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the capitulation of the Japanese in 1945, movements that collaborated with the Japanese like KMM likewise collapsed and the leftist Malay activists regrouped to organise various political movements, such as the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay Nationalist Party">Malay Nationalist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Partai Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya</i>; PKMM) led by <a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_al-Helmy" title="Burhanuddin al-Helmy">Burhanuddin al-Helmy</a>, the Angkatan Pemuda Insaf (<i>Awakened Youth Organisation; API</i>) led by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Boestamam" title="Ahmad Boestamam">Ahmad Boestamam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Wanita_Sedar" title="Angkatan Wanita Sedar">Angkatan Wanita Sedar</a> (<i>Cohort of Awakened Women</i>; AWAS) led by <a href="/wiki/Shamsiah_Fakeh" title="Shamsiah Fakeh">Shamsiah Fakeh</a>. </p><p>Boestamam was part of the PKMM and API delegation that participated in the Pan-Malayan Malay Congress in 1946 and was instrumental in keeping the Malay leftist movements out of the <a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a> (UMNO) that resulted out of the congress.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Growing opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> confederation led the British colonial authorities to consider an alternative constitutional framework for the country. A proposal known as the "Constitutional Proposals for Malaya"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was developed in co-operation with UMNO and representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay rulers">Malay rulers</a>. This proposal was opposed by a large segment of the non-Malay population of the country who saw it as discriminatory as well as a sizeable portion of the nationalists who saw it as delaying the <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> and independence of <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>. </p><p>A combination of anti-British sentiments and economic hardships saw the coalescing of the various political movements representing the Malay and non-Malay populations and eventually led to the formation of a broad coalition with the Malay movements represented in <a href="/wiki/Pusat_Tenaga_Ra%27ayat" title="Pusat Tenaga Ra'ayat">Pusat Tenaga Ra'ayat</a> (<i>People's United Front;</i> PUTERA), itself a coalition of movements like PKMM, API, AWAS and others, and the non-Malay movements represented in the <a href="/wiki/All-Malaya_Council_of_Joint_Action" title="All-Malaya Council of Joint Action">All-Malaya Council of Joint Action</a> (AMCJA), another coalition of movements such as the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Indian_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Indian Congress">Malayan Indian Congress</a>, Malayan Democratic Union, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PUTERA-AMCJA tabled an alternative proposal known as the People's Constitutional Proposal<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and attempted to lobby for a Royal Commission to be formed to review the original proposals. The PUTERA-AMCJA also launched a successful nationwide <a href="/wiki/Hartal" title="Hartal">hartal</a> was organised on 20 October 1947, the same date where the constitutional proposals were due to be deliberated by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite these efforts, PUTERA-AMCJA failed to overturn the decision to adopt the Constitutional Proposals which led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> on 31 January 1948. API was banned on 20 March 1948, gaining the distinction of being the first political movement in Malaya to be banned by the authorities<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Boestamam was arrested on 1 July 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-Boestamam_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boestamam-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A declaration of emergency was extended nationwide on 12 July 1948 in what became the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> and resulted in the arrests and incarceration of many leftist and nationalist activists. Many who managed to escaped the dragnet joined the armed rebellion coordinated by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Malaya">Communist Party of Malaya</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon his release from incarceration in 1955, Boestamam regrouped his supporters to form Partai Ra'ayat Malaya (<i>People's Party</i>). The new party was inaugurated on 11 November 1955 embracing a philosophy of nationalistic social democracy focussing on the poor known as <a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a>, a phrase coined by <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>. It formed a coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya" title="Labour Party of Malaya">Labour Party of Malaya</a> (LPM) led by another PKMM veteran, <a href="/wiki/Ishak_Haji_Muhammad" title="Ishak Haji Muhammad">Ishak Haji Muhammad</a>, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Barisan Sosialis Rakyat Malaya</i>) or the Socialist Front in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-PenangStory_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PenangStory-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Branches of PRM was formed in the neighbouring British protectorate of <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> and the colony of Singapore in what eventually became the <a href="/wiki/Brunei_People%27s_Party" title="Brunei People's Party">Brunei People's Party</a> and Partai Rakyat Singapore (<i>Singapore People's Party</i> – not to be mistaken with the current <a href="/wiki/Singapore_People%27s_Party" title="Singapore People's Party">Singapore People's Party</a>). Both these branches eventually disappeared from active politics by the mid 1960s with the PRB banned in 1962 as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Brunei_revolt" title="Brunei revolt">Brunei revolt</a> and the PRS never gaining enough support in Singapore for electoral success, with its president <a href="/wiki/Said_Zahari" title="Said Zahari">Said Zahari</a> being arrested under <a href="/wiki/Operation_Coldstore" title="Operation Coldstore">Operation Coldstore</a> before the <a href="/wiki/1963_Singaporean_general_election" title="1963 Singaporean general election">1963 Singaporean general election</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_successes">Early successes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early successes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The party contested as part of the Socialist Front in both the <a href="/wiki/1959_Malayan_state_elections" title="1959 Malayan state elections">1959 Malayan state</a> and <a href="/wiki/1959_Malayan_general_election" title="1959 Malayan general election">federal</a> elections and the coalition managed to capture a total of 16 state and eight federal seats. </p><p>The coalition had its strongest support in Penang and Selangor. It garnered a total of 12.91% of the popular vote in the federal election, becoming the third-largest party in parliament after the UMNO-led <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pan_Malaysian_Islamic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Malaysian Islamic Party">Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party</a>, which was also led by a former member of KMM and PKMM, <a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_al-Helmy" title="Burhanuddin al-Helmy">Burhanuddin al-Helmy</a>. </p><p>While a majority of the coalition's elected representatives were from the Labour Party, Boestamam was elected Setapak MP and <a href="/wiki/Karam_Singh_Veriah" title="Karam Singh Veriah">Karam Singh Veriah</a> was elected MP for Damansara, giving PRM its only two elected MPs.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SF further consolidated its gains in municipal elections including the City Council of <a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Penang" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgetown, Penang">Georgetown, Penang</a> where it won 14 of the 15 seats in the Council during the 1961 Local Elections.<sup id="cite_ref-PenangStory_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PenangStory-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SF was further strengthened when the former Minister of Agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Ishak" title="Aziz Ishak">Aziz Ishak</a>, brought his <a href="/wiki/Parti_Perhimpunan_Kebangsaan" title="Parti Perhimpunan Kebangsaan">National Convention Party</a> (NCP) into the coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-Weiss_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiss-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman" title="Tunku Abdul Rahman">Tunku Abdul Rahman</a>'s announcement for the expansion of Malaya into a larger federation known as Malaysia in 1961 galvanised the co-operation between the various Opposition parties in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a>. The SF found itself working on the same side as <a href="/wiki/Parti_Negara" title="Parti Negara">Parti Negara</a>, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Progressive_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Progressive Party (Malaysia)">People's Progressive Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="United Democratic Party (Malaysia)">United Democratic Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Malayan_Islamic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Malayan Islamic Party">Pan-Malayan Islamic Party</a>, in opposing the proposal due to the perception that it was being formulated by the Alliance without the consent of the people of the territories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persecution">Persecution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Persecution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, with the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia-Malaysia_Confrontation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation">Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation</a> in 1962, opposition to the new federation came to be seen as being pro-Indonesia and anti-national. Boestamam, Ishak Muhammad, Aziz Ishak, and hundreds of others were subsequently arrested under the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Act_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal Security Act (Malaysia)">Internal Security Act</a>. These factors cost the SF significant losses in the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 1964">1964 general election</a> where PRM and the NCP failed to gain any seats at all and the LPM lost a significant number of seats, ending with just two.<sup id="cite_ref-Weiss_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiss-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With most of the senior leadership and a considerable number of members arrested, the coalition suffered organisationally. Furthermore, disagreements between PRM and LPM over the country's official language led to the coalition's demise in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-PenangStory_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PenangStory-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radicalisation">Radicalisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Radicalisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The party underwent a radical change in 1965 when a group of young intellectuals led by <a href="/wiki/Kassim_Ahmad" title="Kassim Ahmad">Kassim Ahmad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syed_Husin_Ali" title="Syed Husin Ali">Syed Husin Ali</a> took over from Boestamam, who left the party to form <a href="/wiki/Parti_Marhaen_Malaysia" title="Parti Marhaen Malaysia">Parti Marhaen Malaysia</a> in 1968. </p><p>PRM itself was renamed Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia (<i>Malaysian People's Socialist Party;</i> PSRM) and it officially adopted <a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">scientific socialism</a> as its ideology. </p><p>While an understanding was reached in 1969 between PSRM and LPM, it did not result in any cooperation between the two parties. </p><p>Its final victories as an electoral force were in the 1969 elections when PSRM won two state seats in Pahang through Dzulkifli Ismail (Ulu Kuantan) and S. Sivasubramaniam (Tanah Puteh) and one in Penang through Abdul Rahman Yunus (Balik Pulau).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the 1969 racial riots and the subsequent suspension of parliament meant they did not take their seats. The formation of the <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> coalition together with the post-riot political climate meant that the party remained on the sidelines. </p><p>Other leaders were also arrested under the ISA like Syed Husin Ali in 1974<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Kassim himself in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This cost the party significant organisational cohesiveness that continued to plague it right into the next decade. Leaders like <a href="/wiki/Kampo_Radjo" title="Kampo Radjo">Kampo Radjo</a>, Syed Husin and <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razak_Ahmad" title="Abdul Razak Ahmad">Abdul Razak Ahmad</a> helped keep the party intact over the next decade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consolidation">Consolidation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Consolidation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the party's congress in 1989, PSRM decided to revert to its previous name but retain the term "Malaysia". A new leadership was also elected and Syed Husin was named party president while academic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanusi_Osman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanusi Osman (page does not exist)">Sanusi Osman</a> was elected secretary-general. The reversion to the name Parti Rakyat Malaysia and dropping of the socialist tag was not without controversy and a group led by <a href="/wiki/Mohd_Nasir_Hashim" title="Mohd Nasir Hashim">Mohd Nasir Hashim</a> left the party. This group eventually formed the core that founded the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Socialist Party of Malaysia">Socialist Party of Malaysia</a> (PSM). </p><p>The reorganised PRM contested the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 1990">1990 general elections</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">Gagasan Rakyat</a> coalition with the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">Democratic Action Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parti_Melayu_Semangat_46" title="Parti Melayu Semangat 46">Parti Melayu Semangat 46</a>, <a href="/wiki/All_Malaysian_Indian_Progressive_Front" title="All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front">All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Bersatu Sabah">Parti Bersatu Sabah</a>. Although PRM failed to win any seats, it marked the beginning of the reversal of the party's fortunes. </p><p>The Gagasan Rakyat coalition did not survive the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 1995">1995 elections</a> after the withdrawal of PBS and the dissolution of Semangat 46. Nonetheless, this was soon followed by the <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_(Malaysia)" title="Reformasi (Malaysia)">Reformasi</a> movement that saw the creation of a new coalition known as <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif</a> (<i>Alternative Front</i>) that grouped PRM, DAP, PMIP (now known as PAS) and the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Nasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Keadilan Nasional">Parti Keadilan Nasional</a> (<i>National Justice Party;</i> KeADILan). </p><p>Prominent figures in PRM during this time included Syed Husin Ali, Abdul Razak Ahmad, Sanusi Osman, <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Abdul_Karim" title="Hassan Abdul Karim">Hassan Abdul Karim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Sani" title="Rustam Sani">Rustam Sani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syed_Shahir_Syed_Mohamud" title="Syed Shahir Syed Mohamud">Syed Shahir Syed Mohamud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chong_Ton_Sin" title="Chong Ton Sin">Chong Ton Sin</a>. </p><p>PRM also gained an influx of younger members from the interest and political consciousness generated by the Reformasi movement during this period which rejuvenated the youth wing of the party. BA contested the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_1999" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 1999">1999 general elections</a> with PRM contesting three parliamentary seats in three state seats. The BA won 40.23% of the popular vote but PRM failed again to win any seats, although it did only lose one seat by a narrow margin of 8.4%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger_and_revival">Merger and revival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Merger and revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the 1999 general elections, KeADILan began to explore the possibility of a merger between the two parties. </p><p>At the PRM annual congress in 2002 the concept of the merger was approved with nearly 80 percent of delegates voting in support. </p><p>The two parties officially merged on 3 August 2003 becoming <a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Keadilan Rakyat">Parti Keadilan Rakyat</a> (<i>People's Justice Party</i>; PKR). PRM had to contest the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 2004">2004 general elections</a> under Keadilan's symbol as the merger had yet to be approved by the authorities. </p><p>However, the 2004 elections almost routed the BA, with the coalition losing 22 seats out of the 42 it previously held. The poor performance of the new party led some former PRM members to question the merger. </p><p>In April 2005, the dissidents convened a National Congress in <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a>, taking advantage of the fact that the party had yet to be de-registered by the authorities, and elected a new executive committee led by former PRM youth leader Hassan Abdul Karim. Other PRM stalwarts who took part in resurrecting the party included academic Rohana Ariffin and former political detainee Koh Swee Yong. However, Hassan would later make a switch back to PKR in 2009 after his proposal to join the <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat</a> coalition was rejected by the party congress. </p><p>Former PRM leaders who eventually gained or sustained a degree of prominence while in PKR included Syed Husin Ali, who served two terms in the Dewan Negara,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hassan Abdul Karim who was elected Pasir Gudang MP in 2018 and elected to a second term in 2022. </p><p>Another notable figure who made the move from PRM to PKR was <a href="/wiki/Sivarasa_Rasiah" title="Sivarasa Rasiah">Sivarasa Rasiah</a> who was a three-term MP from 2008 to 2022 and served as deputy minister for rural development from 2018 to 2020. </p><p>Others who were in both parties were unionist Syed Shahir Syed Mohamud who was MTUC president from 2005 to 2010 <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later served in the Dewan Negara from 2012 to 2015, and lawyer <a href="/wiki/Latheefa_Koya" title="Latheefa Koya">Latheefa Koya</a> who was appointed as Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission chief in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_activity">Recent activity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recent activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PRM contested in the general elections of <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 2008">2008</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 2018">2018</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_general_election,_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian general election, 2022">2022</a>, without winning any federal or state legislative seats. PRM did not join the opposition coalition <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat</a> (2008–2015) or its successor <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> (2015–present). </p><p>After Hassan returned to PKR, the position of PRM president was taken up by Dr Rohana Ariffin from 2010 to 2015. She eventually stepped down to be replaced by Ariffin Salimon. </p><p>In the lead-up to the 2018 general election, the party was joined by former DAP assemblywoman for Teratai, Jenice <a href="/wiki/Lee_Ying_Ha" title="Lee Ying Ha">Lee Ying Ha</a>, and former Kapar MP, <a href="/wiki/S._Manikavasagam" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Manikavasagam">S. Manikavasagam</a> who had previously represented PKR. Both contested in the election but failed to win their seats. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022 general election</a>, the party nominated 16 candidates, all of whom lost <a href="/wiki/Election_deposit" title="Election deposit">their deposits</a>. In the aftermath of the election, the PRM central committee unanimously voted to appoint former Umno and PKR politician <a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Ezam_Mohd_Nor" title="Mohamad Ezam Mohd Nor">Mohamad Ezam Mohd Nor</a> as deputy president of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former party president Rohana Ariffin called this "tragic" news and asserted: "the party has shifted to the right-wing and we are seeing the demise of a left-wing party."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ezam, a former <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a> member, confirmed the party would run alone in <a href="/wiki/2023_Malaysian_state_elections" title="2023 Malaysian state elections">2023 Malaysian state elections</a>, while stating that the party opposed both socialism and capitalism, in particular crony capitalism. It claimed both the ruling unity government and <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> committed corruption and theft and accused both uniracial and multiracial parties of playing divisive politics on racial and religious grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factional_dispute">Factional dispute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Factional dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the death of Ariffin Salimon in December 2023, the party entered a period of instability with one faction headed by Ahmad Jufliz Faizal and Koh Swee Yong while another faction was headed by Rohana and Ezam. </p><p>On 2 March 2024, the latter faction held a controversial <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_general_meeting" title="Extraordinary general meeting">extraordinary general meeting</a> (EGM) which was proposed and decided by the party central committee on 28 January 2024. The EGM elected Rohana as the new party president and reelected Mohd Ezam as the party deputy president. Former Member of the <a href="/wiki/Kedah_State_Executive_Council" title="Kedah State Executive Council">Kedah State Executive Council</a> (EXCO) <a href="/wiki/Tan_Chow_Kang" title="Tan Chow Kang">Tan Chow Kang</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Kapar_(federal_constituency)" title="Kapar (federal constituency)">Kapar</a> <a href="/wiki/S._Manikavasagam" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Manikavasagam">S. Manikavasagam</a> and youth leader Sarah Afiqah Zainol Ariff were elected new party vice presidents. RN Raj was appointed secretary general to replace the long-serving Koh. </p><p>However, Rohana later clarified that the Registrar of Socities (RoS) did not recognise the EGM and that the committee led by Ahmad Jufliz and Koh remained the legitimate one until the party’s next AGM.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Koh and Manickavasagam were also involved in a legal tangle when Koh accused the latter of sending an insulting message with intent to incite anger and breach the peace on 4 January 2024. </p><p>He pleaded guilty in the magistrates’ court to the charge on 13 February, but on 22 March, the Shah Alam High Court set aside the conviction. </p><p>Justice Aslam Zainuddin also granted Manickavasagam a discharge not amounting to an acquittal (DNAA) from a charge under Section 14 of the Minor Offences Act 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 11 May 2024 Kuala Kubu Baharu by-election, PRM fielded Ariffin’s daughter in-law Hafizah Zainuddin. Close to the Jufliz-Koh faction, she was badly defeated in the by-election, losing her deposit as DAP’s <a href="/wiki/Pang_Sock_Tao" title="Pang Sock Tao">Pang Sock Tao</a> won comfortably. During the campaign, Hafizah denied being paid to split the Malay vote.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2024, Ezam sprung another surprise by leaving PRM for Islamist party PAS.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ul><li><b>President:</b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohana_Ariffin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rohana Ariffin (page does not exist)">Rohana Ariffin</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Secretary-General:</b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RN_Rajah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RN Rajah (page does not exist)">RN Rajah</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Deputy President:</b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohd_Ezam_Mohd_Nor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohd Ezam Mohd Nor (page does not exist)">Mohd Ezam Mohd Nor</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Vice President:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Chow_Kang" title="Tan Chow Kang">Tan Chow Kang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Manikavasagam" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Manikavasagam">S. Manikavasagam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Afiqah_Zainol_Ariff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Afiqah Zainol Ariff (page does not exist)">Sarah Afiqah Zainol Ariff</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Treasurer:</b> <ul><li>Norizwan Mohamed</li></ul></li> <li><b>Information Chief:</b> <ul><li>Tan Kang Yap</li></ul></li> <li><b>Deputy Secretary-General:</b> <ul><li>Shaqira Shauqi</li></ul></li> <li><b>Youth Chief (Angkatan Rakyat Muda)</b> <ul><li>Yuvanesan <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names#Indian_names" title="Malaysian names">a/l</a> Balan</li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <ul><li><b>Central Committee Member:</b> <ul><li>Rohana binti Ariffin</li> <li>Tang Ah Ba</li> <li>P.V. Subramaniam</li> <li>Tham Poh Seng</li> <li>Lee Tze Kwang</li> <li>Nadarajah <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names#Indian_names" title="Malaysian names">a/l</a> Ramasamy</li> <li>Amirul Izwan Bin Johari</li> <li>Mohd Rafiq bin Muhammad Arif</li> <li>Yusuf bin Che Lah</li> <li>Zainol Ariff Bin Jamaluddin</li></ul></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election_results">General election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: General election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Total seats won </th> <th>Total votes </th> <th>Share of votes </th> <th>Outcome of election </th> <th>Election leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1959_Malayan_general_election" title="1959 Malayan general election">1959</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2 seats; <b>Opposition coalition</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Socialist Front</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Boestamam" title="Ahmad Boestamam">Ahmad Boestamam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1964_Malaysian_general_election" title="1964 Malaysian general election">1964</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 104</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2 seats; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Socialist Front</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Boestamam" title="Ahmad Boestamam">Ahmad Boestamam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1969_Malaysian_general_election" title="1969 Malaysian general election">1969</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>25,785 </td> <td>1.08% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kassim_Ahmad" title="Kassim Ahmad">Kassim Ahmad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1974_Malaysian_general_election" title="1974 Malaysian general election">1974</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 144</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>84,206 </td> <td>3.98% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kassim_Ahmad" title="Kassim Ahmad">Kassim Ahmad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1978_Malaysian_general_election" title="1978 Malaysian general election">1978</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 154</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kassim_Ahmad" title="Kassim Ahmad">Kassim Ahmad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1982_Malaysian_general_election" title="1982 Malaysian general election">1982</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 154</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kassim_Ahmad" title="Kassim Ahmad">Kassim Ahmad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1986_Malaysian_general_election" title="1986 Malaysian general election">1986</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 177</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampo_Radjo" title="Kampo Radjo">Kampo Radjo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1990_Malaysian_general_election" title="1990 Malaysian general election">1990</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 180</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">Gagasan Rakyat</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syed_Husin_Ali" title="Syed Husin Ali">Syed Husin Ali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1995_Malaysian_general_election" title="1995 Malaysian general election">1995</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 192</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">Gagasan Rakyat</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syed_Husin_Ali" title="Syed Husin Ali">Syed Husin Ali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_Malaysian_general_election" title="1999 Malaysian general election">1999</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 193</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>68,990 </td> <td>1.04% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> (<a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syed_Husin_Ali" title="Syed Husin Ali">Syed Husin Ali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_Malaysian_general_election" title="2004 Malaysian general election">2004</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 219</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syed_Husin_Ali" title="Syed Husin Ali">Syed Husin Ali</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Malaysian_general_election" title="2008 Malaysian general election">2008</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>19,126 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Abdul_Karim" title="Hassan Abdul Karim">Hassan Abdul Karim</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>2,372 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> </td> <td>Ariffin Salimon </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>5,865 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>; <b>No representation in Parliament</b> </td> <td>Mohd Hashim bin Saaludin </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_election_results">State election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: State election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="width: 100%; overflow:auto; border: 2px solid #088"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">State election </th> <th colspan="12">State Legislative Assembly </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Perlis_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perlis State Legislative Assembly">Perlis</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kedah_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kedah State Legislative Assembly">Kedah</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Kelantan State Legislative Assembly">Kelantan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Terengganu State Legislative Assembly">Terengganu</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Penang State Legislative Assembly">Penang</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Perak State Legislative Assembly">Perak</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Pahang State Legislative Assembly">Pahang</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Selangor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Selangor State Legislative Assembly">Selangor</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly">Negeri Sembilan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Malacca State Legislative Assembly">Malacca</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly" title="Johor State Legislative Assembly">Johor</a> </th> <th>Total won / Total contested </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2/3 majority </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #dcdcdc; color:inherit; width: 67%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 30</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 76</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 74</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 38</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 20</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 106</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 26</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 24</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 28</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 8</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 2</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 3</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 1</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 2</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 36</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 40</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 56</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 33</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8F9FA; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PRM is currently centre-left in orientation and stresses the promotion of progressive values, of economic, political and human progress, democracy and basic human rights, unity of the people, ethical and cultural values, and the protection of the environment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sosialis_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Sosialis Malaysia">Parti Sosialis Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Rakyat Brunei">Parti Rakyat Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya" title="Labour Party of Malaya">Labour Party of Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Keadilan Rakyat">Parti Keadilan Rakyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Social_Justice_Party" title="Malaysian Social Justice Party">Pekemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Marhaen_Malaysia" title="Parti Marhaen Malaysia">Parti Marhaen Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Boestamam" title="Ahmad Boestamam">Ahmad Boestamam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karam_Singh_Veriah" title="Karam Singh Veriah">Karam Singh Veriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassim_Ahmad" title="Kassim Ahmad">Kassim Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Husin_Ali" title="Syed Husin Ali">Syed Husin Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razak_Ahmad" title="Abdul Razak Ahmad">Abdul Razak Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Abdul_Karim" title="Hassan Abdul Karim">Hassan Abdul Karim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarulzaman_Teh" title="Kamarulzaman Teh">Kamarulzaman Teh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Sani" title="Rustam Sani">Rustam Sani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Shahir_Syed_Mohamud" title="Syed Shahir Syed Mohamud">Syed Shahir Syed Mohamud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chong_Ton_Sin" title="Chong Ton Sin">Chong Ton Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">List of political parties in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-T-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-T_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Library of Congress, Washington.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parti+Rakyat+Malaysia+%28PRM%29&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress%2C+Washington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2FlcwaN0006367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFan2007" class="citation web cs1">Fan, Yew Teng (3 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223065740/http://malaysia-today.net/blog2006/guests.php?itemid=9584">"Some Umno myths young Malaysians should know about"</a>. Malaysia Today. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysia-today.net/blog2006/guests.php?itemid=9584">the original</a> on 23 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Some+Umno+myths+young+Malaysians+should+know+about&rft.pub=Malaysia+Today&rft.date=2007-11-03&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.aufirst=Yew+Teng&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysia-today.net%2Fblog2006%2Fguests.php%3Fitemid%3D9584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://s13.divshare.com/launch.php?f=3413387&s=1fe">http://s13.divshare.com/launch.php?f=3413387&s=1fe</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arkib Negara: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2180/2320397870_a563ea4f4f_o.jpg">List of associations invited to form the Pan-Malayan Council of Joint Action</a> – Tan Cheng Lock Papers Collection</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://s13.divshare.com/launch.php?f=3412520&s=914">http://s13.divshare.com/launch.php?f=3412520&s=914</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOngkili1985" class="citation book cs1">Ongkili, James P. (1985). <i>Nation-building in Malaysia, 1946–1974</i>. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-582574-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-582574-8"><bdi>0-19-582574-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nation-building+in+Malaysia%2C+1946%E2%80%931974&rft.place=Kuala+Lumpur&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-19-582574-8&rft.aulast=Ongkili&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper1999" class="citation book cs1">Harper, Timothy Norman (1999). <i>The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 417. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-00465-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-00465-9"><bdi>0-521-00465-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+Empire+and+the+Making+of+Malaya&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=417&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-00465-9&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Timothy+Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PenangStory-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PenangStory_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PenangStory_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PenangStory_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Penang Story: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.penangstory.net.my/docs/Abs-TanKimHong.doc">Facing Up to Storm Clouds : The Labour Party of Malaya, Penang Division, 1963 – 1969</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233539/http://www.penangstory.net.my/docs/Abs-TanKimHong.doc">Archived</a> 22 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusa2021" class="citation book cs1">Musa, Ahmad Farouk (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c2Q4EAAAQBAJ&dq=angkatan+pemuda+insaf&pg=PA202"><i>Wacana Pemikiran Reformis: Jilid II</i></a>. Islamic Renaissance Front. p. 203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-10992-2-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-10992-2-3"><bdi>978-967-10992-2-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wacana+Pemikiran+Reformis%3A+Jilid+II&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Islamic+Renaissance+Front&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-967-10992-2-3&rft.aulast=Musa&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Farouk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc2Q4EAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dangkatan%2Bpemuda%2Binsaf%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVengadesan2021" class="citation web cs1">Vengadesan, Martin (23 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/592459">"Syed Husin remembers #1: Merdeka-era leaders lost to the nation"</a>. <i>Malaysiakini.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini.com&rft.atitle=Syed+Husin+remembers+%231%3A+Merdeka-era+leaders+lost+to+the+nation&rft.date=2021-09-23&rft.aulast=Vengadesan&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F592459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weiss-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weiss_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weiss_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2005" class="citation book cs1">Weiss, Meredith Leigh (2005). <i>Protest and Possibilities: Civil Society and Coalitions for Political Change in Malaysia</i>. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. p. 324. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-5295-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-5295-8"><bdi>0-8047-5295-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Protest+and+Possibilities%3A+Civil+Society+and+Coalitions+for+Political+Change+in+Malaysia&rft.place=Palo+Alto&rft.pages=324&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8047-5295-8&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Meredith+Leigh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19651214-1.2.9">"Socialists split up"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">The Straits Times</a></i>. 14 December 1965. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Socialists+split+up&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1965-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2Fdigitised%2Farticle%2Fstraitstimes19651214-1.2.9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/NA/Newspaper/rare%20folder/0001_lynn/TheStar%5B7Feb1982%5BBarisanGoingForAHat-Trick.pdf">http://lib.perdana.org.my/PLF/Digital_Content/NA/Newspaper/rare%20folder/0001_lynn/TheStar%5B7Feb1982%5BBarisanGoingForAHat-Trick.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Hussin_Ali1996" class="citation book cs1">S. Hussin Ali (1996). <i>Two Faces (Detention Without Trial)</i>. Kuala Lumpur: INSAN. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/983-9602-04-7" title="Special:BookSources/983-9602-04-7"><bdi>983-9602-04-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Faces+%28Detention+Without+Trial%29&rft.place=Kuala+Lumpur&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=INSAN&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=983-9602-04-7&rft.au=S.+Hussin+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKassim_Ahmad1983" class="citation book cs1">Kassim Ahmad (1983). <i>Universiti kedua: Kisah tahanan dibawah ISA</i>. Kuala Lumpur: Media Intelek. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/967-953-000-0" title="Special:BookSources/967-953-000-0"><bdi>967-953-000-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universiti+kedua%3A+Kisah+tahanan+dibawah+ISA&rft.place=Kuala+Lumpur&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Media+Intelek&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=967-953-000-0&rft.au=Kassim+Ahmad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2009/12/16/syed-husin-sworn-in-as-senator">"Syed Husin sworn in as senator"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. 16 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Syed+Husin+sworn+in+as+senator&rft.date=2009-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2009%2F12%2F16%2Fsyed-husin-sworn-in-as-senator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/letters/2005/01/16/mtuc-gets-back-on-track">"MTUC gets back on track"</a>. <i>The Star</i>. 16 January 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=MTUC+gets+back+on+track&rft.date=2005-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fopinion%2Fletters%2F2005%2F01%2F16%2Fmtuc-gets-back-on-track&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/478558">"MACC chief steps down, Latheefa Koya takes over"</a>. <i>Malaysiakini.com</i>. 4 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini.com&rft.atitle=MACC+chief+steps+down%2C+Latheefa+Koya+takes+over&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F478558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/648010">"After PKR and Umno, Ezam now number two in PRM"</a>. <i>Malaysiakini</i>. 14 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini&rft.atitle=After+PKR+and+Umno%2C+Ezam+now+number+two+in+PRM&rft.date=2022-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F648010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVengadesan2022" class="citation news cs1">Vengadesan, Martin (14 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/648047">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Demise of a left-wing party': Ex-PRM president upset over Ezam's appointment"</a>. <i>Malaysiakini</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini&rft.atitle=%27Demise+of+a+left-wing+party%27%3A+Ex-PRM+president+upset+over+Ezam%27s+appointment&rft.date=2022-12-14&rft.aulast=Vengadesan&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F648047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/m.ezamnor/posts/pfbid02DJKptqSx3gCkM3TT11uEPMpQ9pxfwmHce25KGXoPtK3Vd97sXM5MTgBmXVMrwC3Bl">"Mohamad Ezam Nor"</a>. <i>www.facebook.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.facebook.com&rft.atitle=Mohamad+Ezam+Nor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fm.ezamnor%2Fposts%2Fpfbid02DJKptqSx3gCkM3TT11uEPMpQ9pxfwmHce25KGXoPtK3Vd97sXM5MTgBmXVMrwC3Bl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/698027">"Amidst infighting, ex-PRM chief Rohana claims party presidency"</a>. 3 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amidst+infighting%2C+ex-PRM+chief+Rohana+claims+party+presidency&rft.date=2024-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F698027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/national/rohana-returns-as-prm-president-after-controversial-egm/ar-BB1jf3Hj?cvid=e9cad6dedd424981b71b4004c12f00ae&ocid=winp2fptaskbarhover&ei=6">"Rohana returns as PRM president after controversial EGM"</a>. <i>Free Malaysia Today</i>. 3 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Malaysia+Today&rft.atitle=Rohana+returns+as+PRM+president+after+controversial+EGM&rft.date=2024-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-my%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Frohana-returns-as-prm-president-after-controversial-egm%2Far-BB1jf3Hj%3Fcvid%3De9cad6dedd424981b71b4004c12f00ae%26ocid%3Dwinp2fptaskbarhover%26ei%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2024/03/22/ex-kapar-mps-conviction-for-breach-of-peace-set-aside/">"Ex-Kapar MP's conviction for breach of peace set aside"</a>. 22 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ex-Kapar+MP%27s+conviction+for+breach+of+peace+set+aside&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fnation%2F2024%2F03%2F22%2Fex-kapar-mps-conviction-for-breach-of-peace-set-aside%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZainudin2024" class="citation web cs1">Zainudin, Faiz (5 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2024/05/05/prm-denies-being-sponsored-to-split-malay-vote-in-kkb/">"PRM denies being sponsored to split Malay vote in KKB"</a>. <i>Free Malaysia Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Malaysia+Today&rft.atitle=PRM+denies+being+sponsored+to+split+Malay+vote+in+KKB&rft.date=2024-05-05&rft.aulast=Zainudin&rft.aufirst=Faiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemalaysiatoday.com%2Fcategory%2Fnation%2F2024%2F05%2F05%2Fprm-denies-being-sponsored-to-split-malay-vote-in-kkb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVengadesan2024" class="citation web cs1">Vengadesan, Martin (16 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.malaysiakini.com/news/719451">"No surprise Ezam joined PAS, says PSM deputy chair"</a>. <i>Malaysiakini</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malaysiakini&rft.atitle=No+surprise+Ezam+joined+PAS%2C+says+PSM+deputy+chair&rft.date=2024-09-16&rft.aulast=Vengadesan&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.malaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F719451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParti+Rakyat+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pusatprm.blogspot.com">Official Training Centre blog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://partirakyatmalaysia.blogspot.com">Unofficial blog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sksong.com">S. K. Song</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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Malaysia">State Assemblies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan (PH)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">Democratic Action Party (DAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">People's Justice Party (PKR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_Party_(Malaysia)" title="National Trust Party (Malaysia)">National Trust Party (AMANAH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Kinabalu_Organisation" title="United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation">United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional (BN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association">Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah">Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_United_Peoples%27_Party" title="Sarawak United Peoples' Party">Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Progressive Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gagasan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah">Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_Party" title="United Sabah Party">United Sabah Party (PBS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Solidarity_Party" title="Homeland Solidarity Party">Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Sabah_Party" title="Love Sabah Party">Love Sabah Party (PCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Progressive_Party" title="Sabah Progressive Party">Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Hope_Party" title="Sabah People's Hope Party">Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional (PN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Indigenous_Party" title="Malaysian United Indigenous Party">Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Heritage Party (Malaysia)">Heritage Party (WARISAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Democratic_Alliance" title="Malaysian United Democratic Alliance">Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bangsa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bangsa Malaysia">Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Harmony_Party" title="Social Democratic Harmony Party">Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_without_representation_in_the_Parliament_and_State_Assemblies644" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Friends of Barisan Nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Makkal_Sakti_Party" title="Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party">Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Muslim_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress">Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Malaysia_Party" title="Love Malaysia Party">Love Malaysia Party (PCM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Malaysian_Indian_Progressive_Front" title="All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front">All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_United_Party" title="Malaysian Indian United Party">Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Punjabi Party of Malaysia">Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Power_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Power Party (Malaysia)">Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_Rights_Action_Party" title="Minority Rights Action Party">Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional (PN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_People%E2%80%99s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian People’s Party">Malaysian Indian People’s Party (MIPP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_National_Organisation_(New)" title="United Sabah National Organisation (New)">United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Front" title="Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front">Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumiputera_Perkasa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia">Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indian_Muslim_Alliance_Party" title="National Indian Muslim Alliance Party">Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Socialist Party of Malaysia">Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Native_Co-operation_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah Native Co-operation Party">Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_National_Alliance_Party" title="Malaysia National Alliance Party">Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alternative_Party" title="People's Alternative Party">People's Alternative Party (PAP)</a></li> <li>Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Fighters%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Fighters' Party">Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG)</a></li> <li>Socialist Alternative (SA)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Front_Party" title="Youth Front Party">Youth Front Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_National_Alliance_Party" title="Malaysia National Alliance Party">Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Progressive_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Progressive Party (Malaysia)">Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Welfare_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Welfare Party (Malaysia)">People's Welfare Party (KITA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_People%27s_Party" title="Malaysian United People's Party">Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Advancement_Party" title="Malaysian Advancement Party">Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Unity_Party" title="Sabah People's Unity Party">Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Front_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Penang Front Party">Penang Front Party (PFP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Party" title="Malaysian United Party">Malaysian United Party (MUP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Ceylonese_Congress" title="Malaysian Ceylonese Congress">Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Nationality_Party" title="Sabah Nationality Party">Sabah Nationality Party (PKS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_People%27s_Unity_Organisation" title="Sabah National People's Unity Organisation">Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kebenaran_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Kebenaran Sabah">Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Bugis_Sabah" title="Parti Bersatu Bugis Sabah">Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Ekonomi_Rakyat_Sabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sabah (page does not exist)">Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sejahtera_Angkatan_Perpaduan_Sabah" title="Parti Sejahtera Angkatan Perpaduan Sabah">Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Peace_Party" title="Sabah Peace Party">Parti Damai Sabah (SPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumi_Kenyalang" title="Parti Bumi Kenyalang">Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Science_Aspiration_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (page does not exist)">Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Ekonomi_Rakyat_Sarawak_Bersatu" title="Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sarawak Bersatu">Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Gabungan_Jaksa_Pendamai" title="Parti Rakyat Gabungan Jaksa Pendamai">Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_India_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Keadilan India Malaysia">Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Nasional_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Nasional Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian National Party (PNM)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Nasional_Penduduk_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Nasional Penduduk Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Green Party of Malaysia">Green Party of Malaysia (PHM)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People_First_Party_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People First Party (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">People First Party (URPARTI)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bahtera_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bahtera Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barisan_Penyatuan_Nasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barisan Penyatuan Nasional (page does not exist)">Barisan Penyatuan Nasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Aspirasi_Rakyat_Sarawak" title="Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bansa_Dayak_Sarawak_Baru" title="Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak Baru">Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Sedar_Rakyat_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)</a></li> <li>Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S)</li> <li>Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Defunct_parties_and_coalition644" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct parties and coalition</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct coalitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Malaya_Council_of_Joint_Action" title="All-Malaya Council of Joint Action">All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Front" title="Labour Front">Labour Front (LF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Sosialis" title="Barisan Sosialis">Socialist Front (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party (AP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah Front (page does not exist)">Barisan Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Ming_Court_Affair" title="1987 Ming Court Affair">Kumpulan Maju (MAJU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Perpaduan_Ummah" title="Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah">Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">Gagasan Rakyat (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif (BA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat (PR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct former parliamentary parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Party" title="Malayan Party">Malayan Party (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_National_Party" title="Sarawak National Party">Sarawak National Party (SNAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bansa_Dayak_Sarawak" title="Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak">Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malaysian_People%27s_Association" title="Sarawak Malaysian People's Association">Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Hizbul_Muslimin_Malaysia" title="Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia">Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Negara" title="Parti Negara">National Party (Negara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya" title="Labour Party of Malaya">Labour Party of Malaya (Lab)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perhimpunan_Kebangsaan" title="Parti Perhimpunan Kebangsaan"> National Convention Party (NCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_United_Front" title="Sabah People's United Front">Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Social_Justice_Party" title="Malaysian Social Justice Party">Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Democratic_Party" title="Malaysian Democratic Party">Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Melayu_Semangat_46" title="Parti Melayu Semangat 46">Semangat 46 (S46)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sarawak_Bersatu" title="Parti Sarawak Bersatu">Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_National_Organisation" title="United Sabah National Organisation">United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasok_Momogun_Organisation" title="United Pasok Momogun Organisation">United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasokmomogun_Kadazan_Organisation" title="United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation">United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah National Party">Sabah National Party (SANAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Association" title="Sabah Chinese Association">Sabah Chinese Association (SCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Chinese_Association" title="Sarawak Chinese Association">Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Front" title="People's Justice Front">People's Justice Front (AKAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_People%27s_Energy_Party" title="Sarawak People's Energy Party">Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="United Democratic Party (Malaysia)">United Democratic Party (UDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Progressive_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party">Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_of_Malaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslim League of Malaya (page does not exist)">Muslim League of Malaya (ML)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Perak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Association of Perak (page does not exist)">National Association of Perak (NAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radical Party (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">Radical Party (RADICAL)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak People's Organisation (page does not exist)">Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Consolidated_Party" title="Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party">Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_Indian_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah Indian Congress (page does not exist)">Sabah Indian Congress (SIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasok_Nunukragang_National_Organisation" title="United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation">United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Democratic_Party" title="Sabah Democratic Party">Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Malaya_Party" title="Independence of Malaya Party">Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party" title="Malayan Communist Party">Malayan Communist Party (MCP)</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya/Revolutionary_Faction" title="Communist Party of Malaya/Revolutionary Faction">Revolutionary Faction</a>)</i> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" title="Communist Party of Malaya/Marxist–Leninist">Marxist-Leninist</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Marhaen_Malaysia" title="Parti Marhaen Malaysia">Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan_Communist_Party" title="North Kalimantan Communist Party">North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor_Labour_Party" title="Selangor Labour Party">Selangor Labour Party (SLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikatan_Masyarakat_Islam_Malaysia" title="Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia">Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Sabah_People%27s_Front" title="Federated Sabah People's Front">Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Social Democratic Party (SDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_Wellesley_Labor_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Province Wellesley Labor Party (page does not exist)">Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purtobohan_Bumi_Putera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purtobohan Bumi Putera (page does not exist)">Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesatuan_Insaf_Tanah_Air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (page does not exist)">Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_People%27s_Progressive_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent People's Progressive Party (page does not exist)">Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Umat_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Umat Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_People%27s_Party_(1976)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United People's Party (1976) (page does not exist)">United People's Party (1976) (UPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Sabah_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Sabah People's Organisation (page does not exist)">United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_People%27s_Democratic_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah People's Democratic Party (page does not exist)">Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_Assembly_Party" title="United Sabah Assembly Party">United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Anak_Jati_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_People%27s_National_Party" title="Sarawak People's National Party">Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_United_Democratic_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak United Democratic Party (page does not exist)">Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Nasionalis_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Nasionalis Malaysia">Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Bumiputera_Sabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (page does not exist)">Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bertindak_Rakyat_abah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bertindak Rakyat abah (page does not exist)">Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Party" title="Sabah Chinese Party">Sabah Chinese Party (PCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_Momogun_Party" title="Sabah National Momogun Party">Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_United_Labour_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak United Labour Party (page does not exist)">Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Party" title="Sabah People's Party">Sabah People's Party (PRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Welfare_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Welfare Party (Malaysia)">Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Sabah_People%27s_Power_Party" title="United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party">United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Solidarity_Party" title="Malaysian Solidarity Party">Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Malaysian_Indian_Party" title="Democratic Malaysian Indian Party">Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Coalition_Congress" title="Community Coalition Congress">Community Coalition Congress (CCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Front" title="Sabah People's Front">Sabah People's Front (SPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Merdeka_Malaysia" title="Parti Merdeka Malaysia">Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Party_Malaysia" title="Human Rights Party Malaysia">Human Rights Party (HRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perpaduan_Masyarakat" title="Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat">Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Unity_Movement" title="Malaysian Unity Movement">Parti Perpaduan Anak Malaysia (MUM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongres_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Kongres Rakyat Malaysia">Kongres Rakyat Malaysia (KRM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malays_Union" title="Peninsular Malays Union">Persatuan Melayu Semenanjung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* denotes non-registered parties<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_winning_political_parties_in_the_Malaysian_general_election_by_parliamentary_constituency" title="List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency">List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1500043#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata498" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1500043#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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