CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136eda6a941fd97',cH: 'T_W0FXPAiWMqPzYKRRjFUc94.iNoAG0iOYGDigYGkdY-1739807376-1.2.1.1-8vwX80Njb0lYC00_fPsTotCKDkGSK0VkkPZoFrMmaYr6pBXCnYUPXv.BOzRivbzU',cUPMDTk: "\/12882\/json?__cf_chl_tk=ky8FpLWtGX0PNLE7bcmONP29TGQ8.Isb4ByqQqaTZE8-1739807376-1.0.1.1-BsDLr3r_k7IE7n4U23i71X0mykujERhQ7FqTeMy3VPI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739807376',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/12882\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=ky8FpLWtGX0PNLE7bcmONP29TGQ8.Isb4ByqQqaTZE8-1739807376-1.0.1.1-BsDLr3r_k7IE7n4U23i71X0mykujERhQ7FqTeMy3VPI",md: "GRQKVAXExLriMYu2gyvjxvZQAPw6gtnPHNgKOZlTAew-1739807376-1.2.1.1-ONTWgvjKG727C5k4t.moPnSiOL8C5IsNtB0rpNd5AfIY1JgKmUtNRfiZt8eed0Qsq.qBJk_yj_XSvSWM.UAAstcIg687GR2WtT1Qm0RUi0k6qFXN8KQ4n5Q0F37bYMN9uZOUP1FUiZRLKPLl1bKm0bO44seHFgfULO_DKgO.VoZ2ktJVLZg_FhiI5hTBHYXWFGY1Hqm5bhiZg9dGsIFoOd0nJA.9U9ATSVzquU0KTxP.0WpF24G2UunkvDPngqJwdDfUOcXSr82GhJ0HLo6T8_EexaI.ocb_snb3pEEE4bnjydEzFNj28fN3oNZeHP4RSt8xrWBeyfBwB9rxGvUJxf2E5JOgAPh0I5D6e9Xb_miRf.WHkvNqrRO8cRhNZQ8eV8MADVetZAUYESfXUowBhcIJ3ms2JAr7QjpgZHZDSA3DhlQpn0uxvAbJBeh03JeItMAXKZhKJVx94TYVjAZK3J4iwbg0AcRZK2j7N2ud6aiVtp7dmmnUYYVkzBuNDKshx0EI6Ad6yXDi4WFRA0PTQnIIMnUbvdqZW6r7JoXuvZwFuPCmA7a76K_f0rXk9IlWWL7d5_gS8Qpzxx1CDSu0uWHPEpBHc_xNB7jeo8qMAHfTk4ekaN8s9e.2fDaA4fii2ZjagDa.p1noxiyrEPbwNoghj6IXDv3ARIQD.4gd4EDrcbViqjPm6UZVymFo5239Wb3XubR.89cJq.dfz5uVAYrrUibsuOFg3RXRj5cah9uwFJTvPdWc4V3kwh0Ve6JKPkAUXu93ELZYrRPUtyhN6sC8j24w8PHrssEs7OsPEwW14tBVyvm5P_yMcwY04YhgCjRBtwO1gHew93cSmnr85zmkhG9.qDfESA9sfWrtloODNSmLZVNQNNLmQ.5zbk4osXYJWQz7cdvmf13O0o57SL16D2F1oVdbWJZ4CGih2I0DUf468tvY8GDIdXoJKrxcUQKC2VEFwmOt8FID9f5vJL4UOrJWXd15dvRPDO6XjkEeOmIyedkbHOwNd40phJMcqL28kiZFPjSyz7CZTEXSgi1NzR2kP.0BEIh7QEf5bmZ3Bo18Ksf8.XHIwHnLP7IX8.vTYKIl7fn8_CTetRxXPtxEbR7SZaqc9mv__FjDzKNSUdQqEzm70.Vi8vnEq4owyjmZIUGLHUyDmo2w8zekJyNd2eqy.qMdVmMn1k_HpRxk7CtZKRqRLbucyUENFoZYQVKJBvBHNlRmEKNTtg02AKVbSEGPhB7RnFCcDZGmqAgz3ITOmC6rbTKgLK7sZsONrLGyTkQ6.gu_ehb9d5vWjrOe7Zzx0eW75_s.aUxDhzF366cGzfgTrfr90fjXmRaL.PfTSf5DQFRWzqe2S8QYxBa6QELG3kFIhYgz3j5hOess6HmFwjTKIRZkIFQ3L8B8vqEcgp6ojaMG1K1yMMGfpDeWJJNO6vxmfRaaVyDT516jVkBwsniMdzh.jMp_hy._JlrhmlWYtA1PEn2R4Un0zk2Rr9jpJvMBkdVx9XFgFkXBfLtdOzcGRCKZpzjT.BcNLeoO.CnYLJXHZSNeCU61aLCsRiSiG_eN9s0b9XkrR_IYR6wgzsyTX89_yKil4VBb9rTD1CGF5N4KsL0Bp7r8IyOmZzN7Xxm3p5JXAk3psZGkznYmMiGWNZJOYBMRN6YZlm9NIxoLSwVZYBm0brqrYVrMNV31Q7vhHur2SWOcK9K5bHLnW3viWFJUeIQz1Lo6VXrjFArtAWCJdMs6tTl7z7cu3Vt3gM08rzqDLpfiGGRrrdfo.fihJheoQxG0h59MvZorul.UNt0phZPOo6lhbzpLoBQJyapfkR1OUBilN7sTpKwjWxTW9Bxi1GIE2gq8oJKsawyximoBmGcKMwCxZvj4dRMSPhclsMeOwp41tBU",mdrd: "rcLZavvraIt0FgQT3tVrKLU6IiHCNJ8O2m.F5.n4BiM-1739807376-1.2.1.1-tLWN8KW4OiNQhcYn_X9xZjv46T67jEzC9VxSfMaTRFxJh6QfAb4AyP6mruEAw6o2Az9Q7wYeufTSR8RV_012kT.pvZMwMTPBv25BMrG971XQHh8Qjd3PyjSudRt9Z.K3hvidnWE4VX12ymzExEuiKgfDX6UCpbt2H0YCWi67.tfUI8vkrTvHFI1CNMGDEcKV6ti4XLLADsmr_l5zeinplAhdgFnfy8Y3NfdeY9Bix14x2QECBNo2SK1s2DlS38vaCw1UcSwmzGsDwhOI0ak4o.HtkJZFKXXjxbs0zN.GpenuayuTAzUczdPOBXHZ3U5HvHntwqbCoczxBxgrkmu57yURv3tBOCfU0F6DGg8RKkwkibG0o699rmRYRUxMu9Y038xY7JZMp82vZTG4Vv1a3xbxDylMLooBhiKMSuUW7FQe2e4B9z5v552qgWH0K4K6B28_NIfYWEmKlJHLCdzA.MrvM_wPNuFdSVWqZyn7H47pXXBG8WMmwT8HeMzQH2Bm7eIzDjVbII8XbzkMtMHsaRAC9e6Jl308y478nTUGMbeFTNoTmEgQvzD968jB4UVEe7xGsTXIdOyLmIECjnm9C_CNebEENi79gLP1POsSZd_fFTLzRDaSkJ_DT8JaLovLHFbmTkSMTqCa3FV3.A9l84xRux3IQsmIDaP7eZApNdJzThMVXgtBueCbVno4EqwQQjLA96sMm3OmeVpv3nYOwNBUVwcjs6KIr51xUNXBQmy3Hl2ZCzUeSNg249zwUQOa9qeOFZv8wZRwEBUKYuiLTMKFLchDJL.OeefA36s202PJZXfHQIAqq1rMWAlIXrFlY2n0RoillPiQfjCLZzhA_sSSdDEzS0XWFyomy.9nM0HfGt3gsVyOjPRT_HVsx1ftTTB.BohhO3_ugzEWKk.leq1A7fmAbJKs0Uwq8Ogc8ayUbi6030fe4LUzy05K_IrHFeGt4nZYsEdgTzz0c83x8P.B4hYM6LmelS62XuvA3JHeEndKjFa9E8Vg8SPEyfEPi6AlNpEXttmW_ScXD7h6u0F3hWv_mE3PtZXP7EXP3lzcRwEikf7QvDKyF8Ne7_gxVIyXmeNENkeZopl1IrdhueV_naWwIktqgPOQUBEqjFDk6Mug0lmsFKLggsEXf.VPn0HNoJicSpfrkKZYOGLydyYiRrWyWSOu2NuVPoeRKTIrEDnol2e7FwscyrqMhfaJVkRS.H.WACzfkZo421_Ou0dhA0crVgoTKy2v8TAE7R_PHMeFqjUM.CPrsX.VapJTUnWvmeGrd3S3UpIvMBzgyegJXxpt4D4M2M_I7QhfWgZSWiuUJA8EiQnPp7mdpdIWa2g.LrW6ZYOYq_Lc7HkjhlEFrDjBDIAI6PiflsCeGkxiXBEK6QsJ7yc_U5IqGe9zN0uuyO4Tx7HKTu7Qrrgq6bWakirqWOAQlb1dOn5lAZqiwSy2nJVc4aPiLBtANYoBICr7AkkPXr3d_4v69L5d7nd_yUXQbQBr9OS2beuw5LidCdC6C6GuUFe9.Nmjfk0Ua8Q.EuWjygQg_637OrFFjR2rRnX8BsMa2GvgpJ67_.ARztZqdMJeYSLQH62XsYWd_6JuXTIIVO_rs_X8FU9aevpbAzhNVCIihZqyN3wg8LPgzI7v0GRSVrIwKB20CrHl3LrzBMcyvak.42NbPTs6EW9hZVmuFqESvbvE.cJ5Yee3SnrzSBeiOKhvRrjFshB6cwhUaMzWiDifJji0GcNhjVdRSZqCKHVuOqUrUCgcrXdn.1CGGtcV6mIW20bt90m6cPLp_4W_n9brSrKXa5y7WyV4X13pm2iTRzd1VSbral6I92.3eSNmj7k4Z5N75b1D_NxpW03DBSdl7q5n8NHAmVy0hlofKcn4EKSwiTZfPaYcJ_8jkVKnat40YPMTRrF2rfo9mSLY.DMxpQ0sHaOqA7sQV2wd1ElTPAApLD7or.HxUQ9YHrQsVYWKPyDLi_bR"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136eda6a941fd97';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/12882\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=ky8FpLWtGX0PNLE7bcmONP29TGQ8.Isb4ByqQqaTZE8-1739807376-1.0.1.1-BsDLr3r_k7IE7n4U23i71X0mykujERhQ7FqTeMy3VPI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>