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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #009761; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#009761"><b>Cogito ergo sum</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Logic and rhetoric</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Logic" title="Category:Logic"><img alt="Icon logic.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/9/99/Icon_logic.svg/100px-Icon_logic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/9/99/Icon_logic.svg/150px-Icon_logic.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/9/99/Icon_logic.svg/200px-Icon_logic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#009761; text-align:center;"><b>Key articles</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logical_fallacy" title="Logical fallacy">Logical fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syllogism" title="Syllogism">Syllogism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument" title="Argument">Argument</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#009761; text-align:center;"><b>General logic</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syllogism" title="Syllogism">Syllogism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewbacca_Defense" title="Chewbacca Defense">Chewbacca Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substituting_explanation_for_premise" title="Substituting explanation for premise">Substituting explanation for premise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoehorning" title="Shoehorning">Shoehorning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_all" title="Not all">Not all</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86" title="دوگانگی مرتن">دوگانگی مرتن</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#009761; text-align:center;"><b>Bad logic</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Not_even_wrong" title="Not even wrong">Not even wrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_Hightail" title="Ham Hightail">Ham Hightail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece-baiting" title="Greece-baiting">Greece-baiting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy_Files" title="Fallacy Files">Fallacy Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_fastidium" title="Argumentum ad fastidium">Argumentum ad fastidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%BB%E8%8D%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%B0%AC%E8%AF%AF" title="稻草人谬误">稻草人谬误</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Logicnav" title="Template:Logicnav">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Logicnav" title="Template talk:Logicnav">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Logicnav&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hanlon's razor</b> is an adage, most commonly attributed to one Robert J. Hanlon,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[note 1]</a></sup> which is generally stated as: </p> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity.</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Sometimes "incompetence" is used instead of "stupidity". </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Guises_and_corollaries"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Guises and corollaries</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#More_completely"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">More completely</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Guises_and_corollaries">Guises and corollaries</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanlon%27s_razor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Guises and corollaries">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Therefore you speak unskillfully, or, if your knowledge be more, it is much darkened in your malice.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <i>Measure for Measure</i></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hanlon's razor is essentially a special case of <a href="/wiki/Occam%27s_razor" title="Occam's razor">Occam's razor</a>. Occam's razor states that, assuming equal explanatory power, the simplest solution (formally, the one with fewest assumptions) should be preferred. Assuming intent is a big assumption, but we all <i>know</i> that (other) people can be, and seemingly more often than not are, idiots and <a href="/wiki/Inverse_stopped_clock" title="Inverse stopped clock">even intelligent people make mistakes</a>. The razor is most often invoked in the context of trying to refute a <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a>: where a conspiracy is perceived, with no other evidence available, it is more likely to be ineptitude or apathy than malice that results in the problem. </p><p>The statement has also been seen in the guise of "<i>cock-up before <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy">conspiracy</a></i>", based on a statement about the <a href="/wiki/Media" title="Media">media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>'s press secretary, Bernard Ingham.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> rule <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" class="extiw" title="wp:Wikipedia:Assume good faith" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Wikipedia:Assume good faith">"Assume good faith"</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[note 2]</a></sup> is a nicer rephrasing of this rule, noting that idiots at least have their hearts in the right place, despite being ten times as damaging.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[note 3]</a></sup> </p><p>The razor also has a corollary in Clark's law (named after J. Porter Clark, and based on <a href="/wiki/Clarke%27s_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarke's Laws">Arthur C. Clarke's Laws</a>), which states that "any sufficiently advanced incompetence is <i>indistinguishable</i> from malice". A further observation was made by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas_fils" class="extiw" title="wp:Alexandre Dumas fils" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Alexandre Dumas fils">Alexandre Dumas <i>fils</i></span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> commenting on the fact that idiocy is all-pervasive, whereas intentional malice tends to go away occasionally. Dumas appeared to be quite sure of which he preferred to happen: </p> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>I prefer rogues to imbeciles, because rogues sometimes rest.</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>It appears to be something Dumas said,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[note 4]</a></sup> not something he wrote, but is a fairly true point (and a very popular quote).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[4]</a></sup> German general Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[6]</a></sup> came up with a still more elaborate version: </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>I divide my officers into four groups. There are clever, diligent, stupid, and lazy officers. Usually two characteristics are combined. Some are clever and diligent – their place is the General Staff. The next lot are stupid and lazy – they make up ninety percent of every army and are suited to routine duties. Anyone who is both clever and lazy is qualified for the highest leadership duties, because he possesses the intellectual clarity and the composure necessary for difficult decisions. One must beware of anyone who is stupid and diligent – he must not be entrusted with any responsibility because he will always cause only mischief. </p> </blockquote> <p>There is also a quote commonly attributed to <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>: </p> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I am not yet completely sure about the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[7]</a></sup></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="More_completely">More completely</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanlon%27s_razor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: More completely">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Cribbing from a <a href="/wiki/LessWrong" title="LessWrong">LessWrong</a> commenter:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[8]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Never assume malice when stupidity will suffice.</li> <li>Never assume stupidity when ignorance will suffice.</li> <li>Never assume ignorance when forgivable error will suffice.</li> <li>Never assume error when <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/DidntSeeThatComing">information you hadn't adequately accounted for</a> will suffice.</li> <li>Therefore, never assume malice when information you hadn't adequately accounted for will suffice.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanlon%27s_razor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9/11" title="9/11">9/11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunning-Kruger_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunning-Kruger effect">Dunning-Kruger effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy%27s_Law" title="Murphy's Law">Murphy's Law</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanlon%27s_razor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">But also to <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> author Robert Heinlein, based on assumptions that "Hanlon" is a mishearing of "Heinlein".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This is a rule that is shared by most sensible wikis, <a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Community_Standards#Conduct" title="RationalWiki:Community Standards">including this one</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wikipedia acknowledges that good faith is not always sufficient. See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Competence_is_required" class="extiw" title="wp:Wikipedia:Competence is required" rel="nofollow">Wikipedia:Competence is required</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In the original French, "J'aime mieux les méchants que les imbéciles, parce qu'ils se reposent." Or various other renderings, <i>e.g.</i> "Je préfère le méchant à l'imbécile, parce que l'imbécile ne se repose jamais" ("... because the imbecile never rests") or "Si je devais faire un choix, entre les méchants et les imbéciles, ce serait les méchants, parce qu'ils se reposent."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanlon%27s_razor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Robert_J._Hanlon">http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Robert_J._Hanlon</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Many journalists have fallen for the conspiracy theory of government. I do assure you that they would produce more accurate work if they adhered to the cock-up theory." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/digital-life/case-of-a-misplaced-point-20090901-f5zj.html">Brisbane Times – Case of a misplaced point</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">It's apparently mentioned in <i>Histoire de la littérature française (900-1900): Le dix-neuvième siècle</i> by Léo Claretie.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070306043008AA9i1Hj">Yahoo! Answers page</a> suggests it was Dumas' response to Victor Hugo saying "Les méchants envient et haïssent; c'est leur manière d'admirer." ("The wicked envy and hate; it's their form of admiration.") Then again, this is <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Answers" title="Yahoo! Answers">Yahoo! Answers</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2708880">/* Errors processing stylesheet [[:Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]] (rev 2708880): • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 44 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 50 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 55 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 64 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 96 character 9. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 100 character 9. • Invalid media query at line 138 character 8. */ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEnzensberger2009" class="citation book cs1">Enzensberger, Hans Magnus (December 1, 2009). <i>The Silences of Hammerstein</i>. USA: Seagull Books. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906497-22-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906497-22-4"><bdi>978-1-906497-22-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silences+of+Hammerstein&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Seagull+Books&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.isbn=978-1-906497-22-4&rft.aulast=Enzensberger&rft.aufirst=Hans+Magnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AHanlon%27s+razor" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|coauthors=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFEnzensberger2008" class="citation book cs1">Enzensberger, Hans Magnus (2008). <i>Hammerstein oder Der Eigensinn</i>. Germany: Suhrkamp Verlag KG. pp. <span class="nowrap">77–</span>78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-518-41960-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-518-41960-1"><bdi>978-3-518-41960-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hammerstein+oder+Der+Eigensinn&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E78&rft.pub=Suhrkamp+Verlag+KG&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-518-41960-1&rft.aulast=Enzensberger&rft.aufirst=Hans+Magnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AHanlon%27s+razor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In reality, the quote appears to have been said by Fredrick S. Perls, in the 1969 book "<u>In and Out the Garbage Pail</u>". See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191826719.001.0001/q-oro-ed4-00003988">Oxford Reference</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://lesswrong.com/lw/372/defecting_by_accident_a_flaw_common_to_analytical/31kb?c=1">http://lesswrong.com/lw/372/defecting_by_accident_a_flaw_common_to_analytical/31kb?c=1</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Hanlon%27s_razor&oldid=2626845">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Hanlon%27s_razor&oldid=2626845</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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