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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE" title="দক্ষিণা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দক্ষিণা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina" title="Dakshina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dakshina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%BE" title="દક્ષિણા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="દક્ષિણા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिणा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दक्षिणा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daksina" title="Daksina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daksina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87a" title="Dakṣiṇa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dakṣiṇa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A3" title="ദക്ഷിണ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദക്ഷിണ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिणा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दक्षिणा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%8A" title="ダクシナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダクシナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE" title="ਦਖਣਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਖਣਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Дакшина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дакшина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina" title="Dakshina – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dakshina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="குரு தட்சணை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குரு தட்சணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%9A%AB" title="達嚫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="達嚫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2760412#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshina">Dakshina</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sanskrit term for honorarium</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Nepali film, see <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_(film)" title="Dakshina (film)">Dakshina (film)</a>.</div> <p><b><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Dakṣiṇā</i></span></b> or <b>Dakshina</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">दक्षिणा</span>) is a Sanskrit word found in Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikh and Jain literature where it may mean any donation, fees or honorarium given to a cause, monastery, temple, spiritual guide or after a ritual. It may be expected, or a tradition or voluntary form of <i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">dāna</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Egge2013p21_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Egge2013p21-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heim2004p119_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heim2004p119-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is found in this context in the Vedic literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Heim2004p119_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heim2004p119-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It may mean honorarium to a <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a> for education, training or guidance.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_description">Etymology and description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87%C4%81&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Monier Williams, the term is found in many Vedic texts, in the context of "a fee or present to the officiating priest (consisting originally of a cow, <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ty%C4%81yana_%C5%9Arautas%C5%ABtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kātyāyana Śrautasūtra">Kātyāyana Śrautasūtra</a> 15, <a href="/wiki/L%C4%81%E1%B9%ADy%C4%81yana_%C5%9Arautas%C5%ABtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Lāṭyāyana Śrautasūtra">Lāṭyāyana Śrautasūtra</a> 8.1.2)", a 'donation to the priest', a 'reward', an 'offering to a guru', a 'gift, donation'.<sup id="cite_ref-mw_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word also connotes 'south', a cardinal direction, and by extension, 'the <a href="/wiki/Deccan" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccan">Deccan</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-mw_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mw-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Dakṣiṇā</i></span> is also found in various other expressions such as <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dakṣiṇācāra</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Dak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87%C4%81c%C4%81ra" title="Dakṣiṇācāra">right-hand path</a> of tantra.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gurudakṣiṇā"><span id="Gurudak.E1.B9.A3i.E1.B9.87.C4.81"></span><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Gurudakṣiṇā</i></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87%C4%81&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gurudakṣiṇā"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Gurudakṣiṇā</i></span> refers to the tradition of repaying one's teacher or <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a> after a period of study or the completion of formal education, or an acknowledgment to a spiritual guide.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tradition is one of acknowledgment, respect, and thanks.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a form of reciprocity and exchange between student and teacher. The repayment is not exclusively monetary and may be a special task the teacher wants the student to accomplish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guru_Dakshina_(In_Literature)"><span id="Guru_Dakshina_.28In_Literature.29"></span>Guru Dakshina (In Literature)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87%C4%81&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Guru Dakshina (In Literature)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Guru Dakshina (Play) in Hindi is written by Bihari Lal Harit in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Indian_epics">In Indian epics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87%C4%81&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Indian epics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a symbolic story in the Indian epic <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> that discusses proper and improper <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">gurudakṣiṇā</i></span>, after a character named <i><a href="/wiki/Ekalavya" title="Ekalavya">Ekalavya</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This story refers to a tribal boy's passion to learn and master archery. </p><p>The story, like many stories in Mahabharata, is an open ended parable on education, personal drive to learn, and what is proper and improper <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dakṣiṇā</i></span> In the epic <i>Mahabharata</i>, after the right hand thumb as <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">gurudakṣiṇā</i></span> event, Drona is haunted and wonders if demanding Ekalavya's thumb was proper,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekalavya goes on to re-master archery with four fingers of his right hand, as well as left hand, thereby becoming a mighty warrior, becomes accepted as a king, and tells his children that education is for everyone and that no one can close the doors of education on any human being.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87%C4%81&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru-shishya_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru-shishya tradition">Guru-shishya tradition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87%C4%81&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Egge2013p21-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Egge2013p21_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJames_Egge2013" class="citation book cs1">James Egge (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hkddAgAAQBAJ"><i>Religious Giving and the Invention of Karma in Theravada Buddhism</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 21, 33, 74, 84–86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-85915-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-85915-1"><bdi>978-1-136-85915-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Giving+and+the+Invention+of+Karma+in+Theravada+Buddhism&rft.pages=21%2C+33%2C+74%2C+84-86&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-85915-1&rft.au=James+Egge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhkddAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heim2004p119-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heim2004p119_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heim2004p119_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaria_Heim2004" class="citation book cs1">Maria Heim (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aqKTAgAAQBAJ"><i>Theories of the Gift in South Asia: Hindu, Buddhist and Jain Reflections on Dana</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 118–120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-135-87851-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-135-87851-X"><bdi>1-135-87851-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theories+of+the+Gift+in+South+Asia%3A+Hindu%2C+Buddhist+and+Jain+Reflections+on+Dana&rft.pages=118-120&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-135-87851-X&rft.au=Maria+Heim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaqKTAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahendra Caturvedi, A practical Hindi-English dictionary<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/search3advanced?dbname=caturvedi&query=दक्षिणा&matchtype=exact&display">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>=utf8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mw-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mw_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mw_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MW72Scan/2014/web/webtc1/index.php">[2]</a>; Quote: f. Donation to the priest (personified along with Brahman2as-pati ब्रह्मणस्-पति, Indra इन्द्र, and Soma सोम, i, 18, 5; x, 103, 8; authoress of x, 107 RAnukr.; wife of Sacrifice [Ragh. i, 31 BhP. ii, 7, 21], both being children of Ruci रुचि and A1ku1ti आकूति, iv, l, 4 f. VP. i, 7, 18 f.); f. reward RV. viii, 24, 2I; f. (offered to the Guru गुरु) MBh. v Ragh. v, 20 Katha1s. iv, 93 f.; f. (˚णाम् आ- √दिश्, "to thank" DivyA7v. vii, 104; Caus. "to earn thanks", i); f. a gift, donation (cf. अभय-, प्रा*ण-) Mn. iii R. ii; <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bhattacharya, N. N. History of the Tantric Religion. Second Revised Edition. Manohar Publications, Delhi, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7304-025-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-7304-025-7">81-7304-025-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=gurudakshina+&trans=Translate&direction=AU">गुरुदक्षिणा, Gurudakshina</a> English-Sanskrit Dictionary, Spoken Sanskrit, Germany (2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Radhakrishnan, L. J., & Rabb, H. (2010). Even in nephrology, <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">gurudakṣiṇā</i></span> is important, Kidney International, 78, 3-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J7vkTNdWGPwC&dq=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4&pg=PA15">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kakar, S. (1971). The Theme of Authority in Social Relation in India. The Journal of Social Psychology, 84(1), 93-101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kumar, S. THE MAHABHARATA. HarperCollins Publishers India (2011), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5029-191-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5029-191-7">978-93-5029-191-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brodbeck, S. (2006). Ekalavya and Mahābhārata 1.121–28, International Journal of Hindu Studies, 10(1), 1-34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brodbeck, Simon (2004) 'The story of Ekalavya in the Mahabharata.' In: Leslie, J. and Clark, M., (eds.), Text, belief and personal identity: creating a dialogue, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780728603639" title="Special:BookSources/9780728603639">9780728603639</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dakṣiṇā&oldid=1255853965">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dakṣiṇā&oldid=1255853965</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_traditions" title="Category:Hindu traditions">Hindu traditions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rigveda" title="Category:Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rigvedic_deities" title="Category:Rigvedic deities">Rigvedic deities</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2022">Articles with dead external links from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sanskrit-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Sanskrit-language text">Articles containing Sanskrit-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 00:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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