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licensing</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: moral licensing"> <meta name="keywords" content="moral licensing"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="moral licensing"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 534</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: moral licensing</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">504</span> Post Earthquake Volunteer Learning That Build up Caring Learning Communities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoki%20Okamura">Naoki Okamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From a perspective of moral education, this study has examined the experiences of a group of college students who volunteered in disaster areas after the magnitude 9.0 Earthquake, which struck the Northeastern region of Japan in March, 2011. The research, utilizing the method of grounded theory, has uncovered that most of the students have gone through positive changes in their development of moral and social characters, such as attaining deeper sense of empathy and caring personalities. The study expresses, in identifying the nature of those transformations, that the importance of volunteer work should strongly be recognized by the colleges and universities in Japan, in fulfilling their public responsibility of creating and building learning communities that are responsible and caring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20development" title="moral development">moral development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20education" title=" moral education"> moral education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20learning" title=" service learning"> service learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volunteer%20learning" title=" volunteer learning"> volunteer learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11440/post-earthquake-volunteer-learning-that-build-up-caring-learning-communities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">503</span> The Relationship Between Argentina and the IMF (2018-2022), Economic Rationality and Moral Discourse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=German%20Ricci">German Ricci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Horacio%20Divito"> Horacio Divito</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article analyses the ethical dimension of the IMF in its relationship with Argentina from the Standby Agreement sanctioned in 2018 to the Extended Fund Facilities of 2023. From the analysis of the statements of the IMF, the appeal of the Agency to an ethic is evidenced and supposedly shared with the borrowing country, in addition to the well-known technical-economic evaluations. The Fund "vindicates" and "punishes" the borrowing country through moral judgment. In the Fund's narratives, the "effort," "commitment," and "work" of the local elite are rewarded. On the other hand, there is a repeated discursive emphasis of the IMF on its permanent intention to "help" Argentina through its collaborative nature. Finally, the emergence of moral prescriptions that question the very being of the debtor country and its representatives is detected when the relationship between local authorities and the IMF is tense. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IMF" title="IMF">IMF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Argentina" title=" Argentina"> Argentina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral" title=" moral"> moral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dependency%20routine" title=" dependency routine"> dependency routine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbolic%20power" title=" symbolic power"> symbolic power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168714/the-relationship-between-argentina-and-the-imf-2018-2022-economic-rationality-and-moral-discourse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">502</span> Connecting the Vulnerable in South Africa Through Urban Form and the Creation of Urban Moral Clusters - A Conceptual Analysis of Orphanages, Old Age Homes and Animal Cruelty Centres</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clive%20Greenstone">Clive Greenstone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiara%20Lawrence"> Kiara Lawrence</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This conceptual paper explains certain influences of urban planning and urban form on the design layout of housing specific vulnerable members of society. It reimagines how to use vulnerable groups and spaces that are designed for them as interventions instead of using outside intervention within these vulnerable groups. Questions of what are needed to ensure that collective values, ethics and certain moral principles are taken into consideration when creating spaces for individuals and communities are challenging. This conceptual paper offers a more appropriate approach to both offer better urban settlements as well as help solve several challenges facing the most vulnerable groups in society, namely, the elderly, vulnerable children and vulnerable domestic animals into new housing settlements that create better social connections and physical and emotional well-being, labeled urban moral clusters. This conceptual paper offers two potential case studies where these new moral clusters can be implemented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title="vulnerability">vulnerability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusivity" title=" inclusivity"> inclusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20clusters" title=" moral clusters"> moral clusters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193116/connecting-the-vulnerable-in-south-africa-through-urban-form-and-the-creation-of-urban-moral-clusters-a-conceptual-analysis-of-orphanages-old-age-homes-and-animal-cruelty-centres" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">501</span> The Evolution of Moral Politics: Analysis on Moral Foundations of Korean Parties </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changdong%20Oh">Changdong Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the arrival of post-industrial society, social scientists have been giving attention to issues of which factors shape cleavage of political parties. Especially, there is a heated controversy over whether and how social and cultural values influence the identities of parties and voting behavior. Drawing from Moral Foundations Theory (MFT), which approached similar issues by considering the effect of five moral foundations on political decision-making of people, this study investigates the role of moral rhetoric in the evolution of Korean political parties. Researcher collected official announcements released by the major two parties (Democratic Party of Korea, Saenuri Party) from 2007 to 2016, and analyzed the data by using Word2Vec algorithm and Moral Foundations Dictionary. Five moral decision modules of MFT, composed of care, fairness (individualistic morality), loyalty, authority and sanctity (group-based, Durkheimian morality), can be represented in vector spaces consisted of party announcements data. By comparing the party vector and the five morality vectors, researcher can see how the political parties have actively used each of the five moral foundations to express themselves and the opposition. Results report that the conservative party tends to actively draw on collective morality such as loyalty, authority, purity to differentiate itself. Notably, such moral differentiation strategy is prevalent when they criticize an opposition party. In contrast, the liberal party tends to concern with individualistic morality such as fairness. This result indicates that moral cleavage does exist between parties in South Korea. Furthermore, individualistic moral gaps of the two political parties are eased over time, which seems to be due to the discussion of economic democratization of conservative party that emerged after 2012, but the community-related moral gaps widened. These results imply that past political cleavages related to economic interests are diminishing and replaced by cultural and social values associated with communitarian morality. However, since the conservative party’s differentiation strategy is largely related to negative campaigns, it is doubtful whether such moral differentiation among political parties can contribute to the long-term party identification of the voters, thus further research is needed to determine it is sustainable. Despite the limitations, this study makes it possible to track and identify the moral changes of party system through automated text analysis. More generally, this study could contribute to the analysis of various texts associated with the moral foundation and finding a distributed representation of moral, ethical values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20foundations%20theory" title="moral foundations theory">moral foundations theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20politics" title=" moral politics"> moral politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=party%20system" title=" party system"> party system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Word2Vec" title=" Word2Vec "> Word2Vec </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63431/the-evolution-of-moral-politics-analysis-on-moral-foundations-of-korean-parties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">500</span> Emotional Impact and Moral Panic in Swedish Social Media during the COVID-19 Crisis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophia%20%20Yakhlef">Sophia Yakhlef </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In spring 2020, the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reached the epidemiological criteria to be declared a global pandemic. Global action was taken in order to stop the spread of the virus, such as, for example, restrictions regarding spending time outside of your home and, in several countries, periods of mandatory quarantine. Sweden's method of handling the pandemic has stood out among other European nations, and the tactic of relying on citizens' sense of civic solidarity, rather than enforcing legal restrictions preventing people from spending time outside, has been highly criticised in international news media. This situation has entailed a moral dilemma concerning the proper conduct of behaviour in everyday situations in Sweden, which is also reflected in public news media and social media. This media study focuses on Swedish social media debates and attitudes concerning moral dilemmas of handling this sense of civic solidarity. Comments on social media forums expressing outrage and anger regarding, amongst others, the actions of public media figures (such as celebrities, journalists, and bloggers) are analyzed. Drawing on a social psychological perspective on emotions, the study identifies ambiguities of moral disagreements and moral panics as ways of expressing that a moral norm has been violated. The findings suggest that social media is used in order to handle such ambiguities and make sense of the loosely defined norms of civic solidarity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20crisis" title="COVID-19 crisis">COVID-19 crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20disagreements" title=" moral disagreements"> moral disagreements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20panic" title=" moral panic"> moral panic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20norms" title=" social norms"> social norms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20psychology" title=" social psychology"> social psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sweden" title=" Sweden"> Sweden</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128683/emotional-impact-and-moral-panic-in-swedish-social-media-during-the-covid-19-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">499</span> Desire as Psychological Case against Nihilism and a Clear Mechanism as Evidence for Moral Realism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Pistone">Paul Pistone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nihilism claims that there are no actual intrinsic goods. Desire, however, directly contradicts this claim. To desire, something is more than to be motivated to bring about the desired ends. It is more than to take pleasure in it, seeming that one has obtained her desired end. Desire is, further, more than believing that something is good. Desire is the perception that something is good for the self. In this paper, it is argued that desire is an agent-relative value seeming. This implies that there are intrinsic values. It will be argued that: (1) there are intrinsic values related to life and flourishing, (2) that it is metaphysically impossible that there are no intrinsic values, (3) that desire is our psychological mechanism which enables us to perceive a state of affairs or event as an agent-relative good, and (4) while we can be wrong about the large scale object of desire (i.e., the instrumental desire) we cannot be wrong about what is at the root of our desire (i.e., the intrinsic desire). The method of this paper will be to examine the claims of nihilism and moral realism in recent literature, present a case for moral realism, discuss a few theories of desire, connect moral realism to an evaluative perceptual model of desire, and conclude that not only is this the best theory of desire but that this psychological faculty offers a clear counterexample to nihilism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desire" title="desire">desire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20realism" title=" moral realism"> moral realism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nihilism" title=" nihilism"> nihilism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception "> perception </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120640/desire-as-psychological-case-against-nihilism-and-a-clear-mechanism-as-evidence-for-moral-realism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">498</span> The influence of Personality Traits on Appearance Evaluation among Chinese Teenagers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yichen%20Liu">Yichen Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gexing%20Ding"> Gexing Ding</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Past research seeking to understand our ability to update social impressions in light of behavioral inconsistencies has shown that morality is more dominant in impression formation and updating than ability (e.g. friendly vs. efficient). In this study, we aim to test whether this pattern holds among the teenage population in an eastern society. Our findings revealed that competency and moral judgments go beyond impression formation in social cognition by influencing physical attractiveness evaluation. Moreover, our results confirmed that moral description has a leading role over the other basic dimensions of human social cognition (i.e., competency) in driving the impression formation process in an eastern society. However, competency information was generally perceived as more favorable than moral information, regardless of valence. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism of such effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impression%20formation" title="impression formation">impression formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20cognition" title=" social cognition"> social cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20judgment" title=" moral judgment"> moral judgment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural" title=" cross-cultural"> cross-cultural</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141597/the-influence-of-personality-traits-on-appearance-evaluation-among-chinese-teenagers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">497</span> Links between Moral Distress of Registered Nurses and Factors Related to Patient Care at the End of Their Life: A Cross Sectional Survey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Laurs">L. Laurs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Blazeviciene"> A. Blazeviciene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Milonas"> D. Milonas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Nursing as a profession is grounded in moral obligation. Nursing practice is grounded in ethical standards: to not harm, to promote justice, to be accountable, and to provide safe and competent care. The nature of the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship requires acting on the patient's behalf. Moral distress consists of negative stress symptoms that occur in situations that involve ethical situations that the nurse perceives as discordant with their professional values. Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study was to assess links between moral distress of registered nurses and factors related to patient care at the end of their life. Methods and Sample: A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational design was applied in this study. Registered nurses were recruited from seven municipal multi-profile hospitals providing both general and specialized healthcare services in Lithuania (N=1055). Research instruments included two questionnaires: Obstacles and Facilitating at the End of Life Care and Moral Distress Scale (revised). Results: Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between nurses' attitudes towards patient care at the end of life and the experienced moral distress. A statistically significant correlation between moral distress and the following factors related to patient end-of-life care has been identified: conversations with physicians on patient end-of-life problems have a positive impact on job satisfaction; some patients may be excluded from decisions about their treatment and nursing because they are questioned about their ability to assess the situation. These situations increased moral distress. Patient consciousness should not be permanently suppressed by calming medications, and the patient should be provided with all nursing care services and moral distress. Conclusions: The moral distress of nurses is significantly related to the end-of-life care of patients and their determinants: moral distress increased due to lack of discussion with doctors about problem-solving and exclusion of patients from decision-making. And it diminished by refusing calming medications to permanently suppress a patient's consciousness and providing good care for patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20distress" title="moral distress">moral distress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=registered%20nurses" title=" registered nurses"> registered nurses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20of%20life" title=" end of life"> end of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=care" title=" care"> care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129508/links-between-moral-distress-of-registered-nurses-and-factors-related-to-patient-care-at-the-end-of-their-life-a-cross-sectional-survey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">496</span> Investigation of Time Pressure and Instinctive Reaction in Moral Dilemmas While Driving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacqueline%20Miller">Jacqueline Miller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongyuan%20Y.%20Wang"> Dongyuan Y. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Dan%20Richard"> F. Dan Richard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Before trying to make an ethical machine that holds a higher ethical standard than humans, a better understanding of human moral standards that could be used as a guide is crucial. How humans make decisions in dangerous driving situations like moral dilemmas can contribute to developing acceptable ethical principles for autonomous vehicles (AVs). This study uses a driving simulator to investigate whether drivers make utilitarian choices (choices that maximize lives saved and minimize harm) in unavoidable automobile accidents (moral dilemmas) with time pressure manipulated. This study also investigates how impulsiveness influences drivers’ behavior in moral dilemmas. Manipulating time pressure results in collisions that occur at varying time intervals (4 s, 5 s, 7s). Manipulating time pressure helps investigate how time pressure may influence drivers’ response behavior. Thirty-one undergraduates participated in this study using a STISM driving simulator to respond to driving moral dilemmas. The results indicated that the percentage of utilitarian choices generally increased when given more time to respond (from 4 s to 7 s). Additionally, participants in vehicle scenarios preferred responding right over responding left. Impulsiveness did not influence utilitarian choices. However, as time pressure decreased, response time increased. Findings have potential implications and applications on the regulation of driver assistance technologies and AVs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20pressure" title="time pressure">time pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobile%20moral%20dilemmas" title=" automobile moral dilemmas"> automobile moral dilemmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impulsiveness" title=" impulsiveness"> impulsiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20time" title=" reaction time"> reaction time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177790/investigation-of-time-pressure-and-instinctive-reaction-in-moral-dilemmas-while-driving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">495</span> The Regulation of Vaccine-Related Intellectual Property Rights in Light of the Areas of Divergence between the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Investment Treaties in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Fahim%20M.%20Alsulami">Abdulrahman Fahim M. Alsulami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current research seeks to explore the regulation of vaccine-related IP rights in light of the areas of divergence between the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement and investment treaties. The study is conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; therefore, it seems natural that a specific chapter is devoted to the examination of vaccine arrangements related to vaccine supplies. The chapter starts with the examination of a typical vaccine from the perspective of IP rights. It presents the distinctive features of vaccines as pharmaceutical products and investments, reviews the basics of their patent protection, reviews vaccines’ components, and discusses IPR protection of different components of vaccines. The subsection that focuses on vaccine development and licensing reviews vaccine development stages investigates differences between vaccine licensing in different countries and presents barriers to vaccine licensing. The third subsection, at the same time, introduces the existing arrangements related to COVID-19 vaccine supplies, including COVAX arrangements, international organizations’ assistance, and direct negotiations between governments and vaccine manufacturers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20investment%20treaties" title="bilateral investment treaties">bilateral investment treaties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20vaccine" title=" COVID-19 vaccine"> COVID-19 vaccine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IP%20rights" title=" IP rights"> IP rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRIPs%20agreement" title=" TRIPs agreement"> TRIPs agreement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141167/the-regulation-of-vaccine-related-intellectual-property-rights-in-light-of-the-areas-of-divergence-between-the-agreement-on-trade-related-aspects-of-intellectual-property-rights-and-investment-treaties-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia-and-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">494</span> Gender Moderates the Association Between Symbolization Trait (But Not Internalization Trait) and Smoking Behaviour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuay%20Hue%20San">Kuay Hue San</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muaz%20Haqim%20Shaharum"> Muaz Haqim Shaharum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasir%20Yusoff"> Nasir Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gender plays a big role in psychosocial development. This study aimed to investigate whether gender moderates the relationship between moral identity (internalization and symbolization) and risk-smoking behavior. An online cross-sectional study was carried out on 388 (61% female) youths who fulfilled the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. While viewing images of smoking behavior, participants rated their emotional state, which ranged from unpleasant to pleasant. Participants were also asked to fill out the eight-item Moral Identity Scale and provide their socio-demographic information. Gender significantly moderated the relationship between symbolization and smoking behavior. However, the moderation effect was not shown by internalization Finding highlights the implication of gender on moral identity and smoking behavior and the importance of considering this in the public health intervention and program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoking%20behaviour" title="smoking behaviour">smoking behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion" title=" emotion"> emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20identity" title=" moral identity"> moral identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142920/gender-moderates-the-association-between-symbolization-trait-but-not-internalization-trait-and-smoking-behaviour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">493</span> Development of an Intervention Program for Moral Education of Undergraduate Students of Sport Sciences and Physical Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najia%20Zulfiqar">Najia Zulfiqar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Imparting moral education is the need of time, considering the obvious moral decline in society. Recent research shows the downfall of moral competence among university students. The main objective of the present study was to develop moral development intervention strategies for undergraduate students of Sports and Physical Education. Using an interpretative phenomenological approach, insight into field-specific moral issues was gained through interviews with 7 subject experts and a focus-group discussion session with 8 students. Two research assistants who were trained in qualitative interviewing collected, transcribed and analyzed data into the MAXQDA software using content and discourse analyses. The identified moral issues in Sports and Physical Education were sports gambling and betting, pay-for-play, doping, coach misconduct, tampering, cultural bias, gender equity/nepotism, bullying/discrimination, and harassment. Next, intervention modules were developed for each moral issue based on hypothetical situations, and followed by guided reflection and dilemma discussion questions. The third moral development strategy was community services that included posture screening, diet plan for different age groups, open fitness ground training, exercise camps for physical fitness, balanced diet awareness camp, gymnastic camp, shoe assessment as per health standards, and volunteering for public awareness at the playground, gymnasium, stadium, park, etc. The intervention modules were given to four subject specialists for expert validation who were from different backgrounds within Sport Sciences. Upon refinement and finalization, four students were presented with these intervention modules and questioned about accuracy, relevance, comprehension, and content organization. Iterative changes were made in the content of the intervention modules to tailor them to the moral development needs of undergraduate students. This intervention will strengthen positive moral values and foster mature decision-making about right and wrong acts. As this intervention is easy to apply as a remedial tool, academicians and policymakers can use this to promote students’ moral development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20service" title="community service">community service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dilemma%20discussion" title=" dilemma discussion"> dilemma discussion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morality" title=" morality"> morality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20education" title=" physical education"> physical education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students." title=" university students."> university students.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166527/development-of-an-intervention-program-for-moral-education-of-undergraduate-students-of-sport-sciences-and-physical-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">492</span> Feeling Bad May Not Make You Behave Unethically! Lessons Learned From the 2022 Shanghai COVID-19 Lockdown</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeren%20Li">Zeren Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenkai%20Song"> Wenkai Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shanghai experienced a 3-month lockdown in 2022. This unprecedented lockdown made local residents afraid, anxious and worried about the unpredictability of the future. During the lockdown, many unethical behaviors related to lockdown are noticed by the public. Our studies documented unethical behavior during this lockdown by moral hypocrisy and moral justification examined whether or not the lockdown makes people behave more unethically, and analyzed the relationship between negative emotions and unethical behavior. In Study 1, we recruited 240 participants from Shanghai (n = 120) and other cities (n = 120) to compare people in lockdown and non-lockdown areas. Surprisingly, we found that people in lockdown areas tend to behave more ethically, exhibiting less moral hypocrisy. In addition, residents of the lockdown area have significantly higher negative emotions (afraid, nervousness, upset, and feelings of uncertainty). In Study 2, we recruited 70 respondents from Shanghai and found that people behave relatively ethically in lockdown-related scenarios (negatively correlated with anxiety about the lockdown) with relatively less moral justification than in lockdown-unrelated scenarios. We propose that negative emotions may reduce unethical behavior that may exacerbate the causes (in our study, the lockdown) of these negative emotions. Experiments may help to establish the causal relationship and verify the model in future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unethical%20behavior" title=" unethical behavior"> unethical behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion" title=" emotion"> emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20justification" title=" moral justification"> moral justification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20hypocrisy" title=" moral hypocrisy"> moral hypocrisy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163818/feeling-bad-may-not-make-you-behave-unethically-lessons-learned-from-the-2022-shanghai-covid-19-lockdown" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">491</span> Educating Empathy: Combining Active Listening and Moral Discovery to Facilitate Prosocial Connection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erika%20Price">Erika Price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Johnson"> Lisa Johnson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cognitive and dispositional empathy is decreasing among students worldwide, particularly those at university. This paper looks at the effects of encouraging empathetic positioning in divisive topics by teaching listening skills and moral discovery to university students. Two groups of university students were given the assignment to interview individuals they disagreed with on social issues (e.g. abortion, gun control, legalization of drugs, involvement in Ukraine, etc.). One group completed the assignment with no other instruction. The second group completed the assignment after receiving instruction in active listening and Jonathan Haidt’s theory of moral foundations in politics. Results show that when students are given both active listening techniques and awareness of moral foundations, they are significantly more likely to have socially positive interactions with those they disagree with on issues as compared to those who listen passively to ideological opponents. As students interacted with those they disagreed with, they evidenced prosocial behaviors of acknowledgement, validation, and even commonalities with their opponents’ viewpoints, signifying a heartening trend of empathetic connection that is waning in students. The research suggests that empathy is a skill that can be nurtured by active listening but that it is more fully cultivated when paired with the concept of moral foundations underpinning political ideologies. These findings shed light on how to create more effective pedagogies for social and emotional learning, as well as inclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empathy" title="empathy">empathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=listening%20skills" title=" listening skills"> listening skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20discovery" title=" moral discovery"> moral discovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosocial%20behavior" title=" prosocial behavior"> prosocial behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173825/educating-empathy-combining-active-listening-and-moral-discovery-to-facilitate-prosocial-connection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">490</span> Is School Misbehavior a Decision: Implications for School Guidance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20C.%20F.%20Sun">Rachel C. F. Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the predictive effects of moral competence, prosocial norms and positive behavior recognition on school misbehavior among Chinese junior secondary school students. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that students were more likely to misbehave in school when they had lower levels of moral competence and prosocial norms, and when they perceived their positive behavior being less likely recognized. Practical implications were discussed on how to guide students to make the right choices to behave appropriately in school. Implications for future research were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20competence" title="moral competence">moral competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20behavior%20recognition" title=" positive behavior recognition"> positive behavior recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosocial%20norms" title=" prosocial norms"> prosocial norms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20misbehavior" title=" school misbehavior"> school misbehavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8919/is-school-misbehavior-a-decision-implications-for-school-guidance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">489</span> Preschoolers’ Selective Trust in Moral Promises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanxia%20Zheng">Yuanxia Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Zhong"> Min Zhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cong%20Xin"> Cong Xin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoxiong%20Liu"> Guoxiong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liqi%20Zhu"> Liqi Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trust is a critical foundation of social interaction and development, playing a significant role in the physical and mental well-being of children, as well as their social participation. Previous research has demonstrated that young children do not blindly trust others but make selective trust judgments based on available information. The characteristics of speakers can influence children’s trust judgments. According to Mayer et al.’s model of trust, these characteristics of speakers, including ability, benevolence, and integrity, can influence children’s trust judgments. While previous research has focused primarily on the effects of ability and benevolence, there has been relatively little attention paid to integrity, which refers to individuals’ adherence to promises, fairness, and justice. This study focuses specifically on how keeping/breaking promises affects young children’s trust judgments. The paradigm of selective trust was employed in two experiments. A sample size of 100 children was required for an effect size of w = 0.30，α = 0.05，1-β = 0.85, using G*Power 3.1. This study employed a 2×2 within-subjects design to investigate the effects of moral valence of promises (within-subjects factor: moral vs. immoral promises), and fulfilment of promises (within-subjects factor: kept vs. broken promises) on children’s trust judgments (divided into declarative and promising contexts). In Experiment 1 adapted binary choice paradigms, presenting 118 preschoolers (62 girls, Mean age = 4.99 years, SD = 0.78) with four conflict scenarios involving the keeping or breaking moral/immoral promises, in order to investigate children’s trust judgments. Experiment 2 utilized single choice paradigms, in which 112 preschoolers (57 girls, Mean age = 4.94 years, SD = 0.80) were presented four stories to examine their level of trust. The results of Experiment 1 showed that preschoolers selectively trusted both promisors who kept moral promises and those who broke immoral promises, as well as their assertions and new promises. Additionally, the 5.5-6.5-year-old children are more likely to trust both promisors who keep moral promises and those who break immoral promises more than the 3.5- 4.5-year-old children. Moreover, preschoolers are more likely to make accurate trust judgments towards promisor who kept moral promise compared to those who broke immoral promises. The results of Experiment 2 showed significant differences of preschoolers’ trust degree: kept moral promise > broke immoral promise > broke moral promise ≈ kept immoral promise. This study is the first to investigate the development of trust judgement in moral promise among preschoolers aged 3.5-6.5. The results show that preschoolers can consider both valence and fulfilment of promises when making trust judgments. Furthermore, as preschoolers mature, they become more inclined to trust promisors who keep moral promises and those who break immoral promises. Additionally, the study reveals that preschoolers have the highest level of trust in promisors who kept moral promises, followed by those who broke immoral promises. Promisors who broke moral promises and those who kept immoral promises are trusted the least. These findings contribute valuable insights to our understanding of moral promises and trust judgment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promise" title="promise">promise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20judgement" title=" moral judgement"> moral judgement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschoolers" title=" preschoolers"> preschoolers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186290/preschoolers-selective-trust-in-moral-promises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">488</span> Manifestations of Moral Imagination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Debates of Lithuanian Parliament</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laima%20Zakaraite">Laima Zakaraite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaidas%20Morkevicius"> Vaidas Morkevicius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The COVID-19 pandemic brought important and pressing challenges for politicians around the world. Governments, parliaments, and political leaders had to make quick decisions about containment of the pandemic, usually without clear knowledge about the factual spread of the virus, the possible expected speed of spread, and levels of mortality. Opinions of experts were also divided, as some advocated for ‘herd immunity’ without closing down the economy and public life, and others supported the idea of strict lockdown. The debates about measures of pandemic containment were heated and involved strong moral tensions with regard to the possible outcomes. This paper proposes to study the manifestations of moral imagination in the political debates regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, moral imagination is associated with twofold abilities of a decision-making actor: the ability to discern the moral aspects embedded within a situation and the ability to envision a range of possibilities alternative solutions to the situation from a moral perspective. The concept was most thoroughly investigated in business management studies. However, its relevance for the study of political decision-making is also rather clear. The results of the study show to what extent politicians are able to discern the wide range of moral issues related to a situation (in this case, consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in a country) and how broad (especially, from a moral perspective) are discussions of the possible solutions proposed for solving the problem (situation). Arguably, political discussions and considerations are broader and affected by a wider and more varied range of actors and ideas compared to decision making in the business management sector. However, the debates and ensuing solutions may also be restricted by ideological maxims and advocacy of special interests. Therefore, empirical study of policy proposals and their debates might reveal the actual breadth of moral imagination in political discussions. For this purpose, we carried out the qualitative study of the parliamentary debates related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania during the first wave (containment of which was considered very successful) and at the beginning and consequent acceleration of the second wave (when the spread of the virus became uncontrollable). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title="decision making">decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20imagination" title=" moral imagination"> moral imagination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20debates" title=" political debates"> political debates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20decision" title=" political decision"> political decision</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137545/manifestations-of-moral-imagination-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-the-debates-of-lithuanian-parliament" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">487</span> Lesson of Moral Teaching of the Sokoto Caliphate in the Quest for Genuine National Development in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murtala%20Marafa">Murtala Marafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It’s been 50 years now since we began the desperate search for a genuine all round development as a nation. Painfully though, like a wild goose chase, the search for that promised land had remain elusive. In this piece, recourse is made to the sound administrative qualities of the 19th century Sokoto Caliphate leaders. It enabled them to administer the vast entity on the basis of mutual peace and justice. It also guaranteed a just political order built on a sound and viable economy. The paper is of the view that if the Nigerian society can allow for a replication of such moral virtues as exemplified by the founding fathers of the Caliphate, Nigeria could transform into a politically coherent and economically viable nation aspired by all. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=administration" title="administration">administration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sokoto%20caliphate" title=" sokoto caliphate"> sokoto caliphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20teachings" title=" moral teachings"> moral teachings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33688/lesson-of-moral-teaching-of-the-sokoto-caliphate-in-the-quest-for-genuine-national-development-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">486</span> Shame and Pride in Moral Self-Improvement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matt%20Stichter">Matt Stichter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moral development requires learning from one’s failures, but that turnsout to be especially challenging when dealing with moral failures. The distress prompted by moral failure can cause responses ofdefensiveness or disengagement rather than attempts to make amends and work on self-change. The most potentially distressing response to moral failure is a shame. However, there appears to be two different senses of “shame” that are conflated in the literature, depending on whether the failure is appraised as the result of a global and unalterable self-defect, or a local and alterable self-defect. One of these forms of shame does prompt self-improvement in response to moral failure. This occurs if one views the failure as indicating only a specific (local) defect in one’s identity, where that’s something repairable, rather than asanoverall(orglobal)defectinyouridentity that can’t be fixed. So, if the whole of one’s identity as a morally good person isn’t being called into question, but only a part, then that is something one could work on to improve. Shame, in this sense, provides motivation for self-improvement to fix this part oftheselfinthe long run, and this would be important for moral development. One factor that looks to affect these different self-attributions in the wake of moral failure can be found in mindset theory, as reactions to moral failure in these two forms of shame are similar to how those with a fixed or growth mindset of their own abilities, such as intelligence, react to failure. People fall along a continuum with respect to how they view abilities – it is more of a fixed entity that you cannot do much to change, or it is malleable such that you can train to improve it. These two mindsets, ‘fixed’ versus ‘growth’, have different consequences for how we react to failure – a fixed mindset leads to maladaptive responses because of feelings of helplessness to do better; whereas a growth mindset leads to adaptive responses where a person puts forth effort to learn how to act better the next time. Here we can see the parallels between a fixed mindset of one’s own (im)morality, as the way people respond to shame when viewed as indicating a global and unalterable self-defect parallels the reactions people have to failure when they have a fixed mindset. In addition, it looks like there may be a similar structure to pride. Pride is, like shame, a self-conscious emotion that arises from internal attributions about the self as being the cause of some event. There are also paradoxical results from research on pride, where pride was found to motivate pro-social behavior in some cases but aggression in other cases. Research suggests that there may be two forms of pride, authentic and hubristic, that are also connected to different self-attributions, depending on whether one is feeling proud about a particular (local) aspect of the self versus feeling proud about the whole of oneself (global). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion" title="emotion">emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mindset" title=" mindset"> mindset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20development" title=" moral development"> moral development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20psychology" title=" moral psychology"> moral psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pride" title=" pride"> pride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shame" title=" shame"> shame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-regulation" title=" self-regulation"> self-regulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158275/shame-and-pride-in-moral-self-improvement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">485</span> Literary Imagination and Leadership: Lessons From the Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naor%20Cohen">Naor Cohen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, business schools made teaching ethical leadership a higher priority. Greater attention to moral and ethical concepts and reasoning processes may prove beneficial to future business leaders. But with a shift in focus, there is a need for a shift in pedagogy. This paper explores an imaginative literature-based pedagogy in the teaching of ethical leadership. An imaginative literature-based pedagogy uses works of fiction to help students build moral analysis and moral judgment capabilities through a rigorous assessment of the moral soundness of actions, motivations, rationales, and consequences portrayed in works of fiction. Business students enrolled in 4 leadership senior-level courses were assigned the White Tiger: A Novel by Aravind Adiga as their main course reading. Students' engagement was measured as a three-factor construct exploring cognitive engagement, behavioural engagement and emotional engagement. In addition, students' final papers were analyzed using thematic content analysis. This paper will present the results of this analysis and argue that incorporating fiction into the leadership curriculum allows students to explore the dire consequences of avoiding countervailing interests, engaging in dishonesty and engaging in moral puffery-based leadership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20leadership" title="ethical leadership">ethical leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empathetic%20imagination" title=" empathetic imagination"> empathetic imagination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20education" title=" business education"> business education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiction" title=" fiction"> fiction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140159/literary-imagination-and-leadership-lessons-from-the-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">484</span> Analyzing Essential Patents of Mobile Communication Based on Patent Portfolio: Case Study of Long Term Evolution-Advanced </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kujhin%20Jeong">Kujhin Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sungjoo%20Lee"> Sungjoo Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the past, cross-licensing was made up of various application or commercial patents. Today, cross-licensing is restricted to essential patents, which has emphasized their importance significantly. Literature has shown that patent portfolio provides information for patent protection or strategy decision-making, but little empirical research has found strategic tool of essential patents. This paper will highlight four types of essential patent portfolio and analysis about each strategy in the field of LTE-A. Specifically we collected essential patents of mobile communication company through ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) and build-up portfolio activity, concentration, diversity, and quality. Using these portfolios, we can understand each company’s strategic character about the technology of LTE-A and comparison analysis of financial results. Essential patents portfolio displays a mobile communication company’s strategy and its strategy’s impact on the performance of a company. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20patent" title="essential patent">essential patent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio" title=" portfolio"> portfolio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20portfolio" title=" patent portfolio"> patent portfolio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20patent%20portfolio" title=" essential patent portfolio"> essential patent portfolio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43598/analyzing-essential-patents-of-mobile-communication-based-on-patent-portfolio-case-study-of-long-term-evolution-advanced" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">483</span> Ethics in the Islamic Political System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djehich%20Mohamed%20Yousri">Djehich Mohamed Yousri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research deals with an important issue in Islamic political thought, which is the relationship of ethics to the Islamic political system. This is done by following the legal politics books and analyzing their texts in order to reach the moral values on which the political system in Islam is based, starting from the concept of politics to the political principles and conditions of the ruler and the reasons for his removal and the conditions of those authorized to choose him, and ending with the ruler’s relationship with his people, and the relationship of the Islamic state with other countries. The research concluded that moral values are the basis of the political system in Islam, and the reason for this is due to the fact that Islam is a religion and a global and realistic human system that embraces morals and higher values in order to preserve its lofty message and calls for brotherhood, love, and justice and does not harm human morals. And if the reality of politics in the Islamic world today is not related to the moral values and the lofty message of Islam, this research tries to show the origins of political theory in Islam, and the purpose of the Islamic political system, towards the morality of politics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral" title="moral">moral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islam" title=" islam"> islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20system" title=" political system"> political system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20political%20system" title=" islamic political system"> islamic political system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161936/ethics-in-the-islamic-political-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">482</span> Different Contexts Activate Different Frames: Deepening and Broadening Goal-Framing Theory for Sustainable Food Behaviour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marleen%20Onwezen">Marleen Onwezen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is often assumed that specific consumer groups do or do not have a sustainable lifestyle or that a specific context does or does not trigger sustainable choices. Based on goal-framing theory, this article aims to understand variation in sustainable choices across contexts. We add to the literature by showing the added value of including a moral goal frame (Study 1; N = 1,100) beyond the hedonic, gain, and normative goal frames. Moreover, we add to the literature by revealing how these goal frames are recalled in real-life consumption contexts (Study 2; N = 1,100) and how they can be activated (Study 3; N = 1,651). The results reveal that different goal frames result in different preferences and consumption choices, and that the normative frames showed the most consistent association with sustainable intentions. A contrast exists between frames currently activated in food choice contexts, mainly the gain and hedonic frames, and those associated with sustainable behaviours, the moral and social frames. This indicates the relevance of further understanding and adapting the environment to activate moral and social frames to further enforce sustainable food transitions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goal%20frames" title="goal frames">goal frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20behaviour" title=" sustainable behaviour"> sustainable behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20choice" title=" food choice"> food choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral" title=" moral"> moral</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147047/different-contexts-activate-different-frames-deepening-and-broadening-goal-framing-theory-for-sustainable-food-behaviour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">481</span> Reading as Moral Afternoon Tea: An Empirical Study on the Compensation Effect between Literary Novel Reading and Readers’ Moral Motivation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong%20Jiang">Chong Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20Zhao"> Liang Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Jian"> Hua Jian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoguang%20Wang"> Xiaoguang Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The belief that there is a strong relationship between reading narrative and morality has generally become the basic assumption of scholars, philosophers, critics, and cultural critics. The virtuality constructed by literary novels inspires readers to regard the narrative as a thinking experiment, creating the distance between readers and events so that they can freely and morally experience the positions of different roles. Therefore, the virtual narrative combined with literary characteristics is always considered as a "moral laboratory." Well-established findings revealed that people show less lying and deceptive behaviors in the morning than in the afternoon, called the morning morality effect. As a limited self-regulation resource, morality will be constantly depleted with the change of time rhythm under the influence of the morning morality effect. It can also be compensated and restored in various ways, such as eating, sleeping, etc. As a common form of entertainment in modern society, literary novel reading gives people more virtual experience and emotional catharsis, just as a relaxing afternoon tea that helps people break away from fast-paced work, restore physical strength, and relieve stress in a short period of leisure. In this paper, inspired by the compensation control theory, we wonder whether reading literary novels in the digital environment could replenish a kind of spiritual energy for self-regulation to compensate for people's moral loss in the afternoon. Based on this assumption, we leverage the social annotation text content generated by readers in digital reading to represent the readers' reading attention. We then recognized the semantics and calculated the readers' moral motivation expressed in the annotations and investigated the fine-grained dynamics of the moral motivation changing in each time slot within 24 hours of a day. Comprehensively comparing the division of different time intervals, sufficient experiments showed that the moral motivation reflected in the annotations in the afternoon is significantly higher than that in the morning. The results robustly verified the hypothesis that reading compensates for moral motivation, which we called the moral afternoon tea effect. Moreover, we quantitatively identified that such moral compensation can last until 14:00 in the afternoon and 21:00 in the evening. In addition, it is interesting to find that the division of time intervals of different units impacts the identification of moral rhythms. Dividing the time intervals by four-hour time slot brings more insights of moral rhythms compared with that of three-hour and six-hour time slot. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20reading" title="digital reading">digital reading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20annotation" title=" social annotation"> social annotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20motivation" title=" moral motivation"> moral motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morning%20morality%20effect" title=" morning morality effect"> morning morality effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20compensation" title=" control compensation"> control compensation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144570/reading-as-moral-afternoon-tea-an-empirical-study-on-the-compensation-effect-between-literary-novel-reading-and-readers-moral-motivation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144570.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">480</span> Morality in Actual Behavior: The Moderation Effect of Identification with the Ingroup and Religion on Norm Compliance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shauma%20L.%20Tamba">Shauma L. Tamba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined whether morality is the most important aspect in actual behavior. The prediction was that people tend to behave in line with moral (as compared to competence) norms, especially when such norms are presented by their ingroup. The actual behavior that was tested was support for a military intervention without a mandate from the UN. In addition, this study also examined whether identification with the ingroup and religion moderated the effect of group and norm on support for the norm that was prescribed by their ingroup. The prediction was that those who identified themselves higher with the ingroup moral would show a higher support for the norm. Furthermore, the prediction was also that those who have religion would show a higher support for the norm in the ingroup moral rather than competence. In an online survey, participants were asked to read a scenario in which a military intervention without a mandate was framed as either the moral (but stupid) or smart (but immoral) thing to do by members of their own (ingroup) or another (outgroup) society. This study found that when people identified themselves with the smart (but immoral) norm, they showed a higher support for the norm. However, when people identified themselves with the moral (but stupid) norm, they tend to show a lesser support towards the norm. Most of the results in the study did not support the predictions. Possible explanations and implications are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morality" title="morality">morality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competence" title=" competence"> competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ingroup%20identification" title=" ingroup identification"> ingroup identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=group%20norm" title=" group norm"> group norm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34751/morality-in-actual-behavior-the-moderation-effect-of-identification-with-the-ingroup-and-religion-on-norm-compliance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">479</span> Radiation Protection and Licensing for an Experimental Fusion Facility: The Italian and European Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sandri">S. Sandri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20M.%20Contessa"> G. M. Contessa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Poggi"> C. Poggi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experimental nuclear fusion device could be seen as a step toward the development of the future nuclear fusion power plant. If compared with other possible solutions to the energy problem, nuclear fusion has advantages that ensure sustainability and security. In particular considering the radioactivity and the radioactive waste produced, in a nuclear fusion plant the component materials could be selected in order to limit the decay period, making it possible the recycling in a new reactor after about 100 years from the beginning of the decommissioning. To achieve this and other pertinent goals many experimental machines have been developed and operated worldwide in the last decades, underlining that radiation protection and workers exposure are critical aspects of these facilities due to the high flux, high energy neutrons produced in the fusion reactions. Direct radiation, material activation, tritium diffusion and other related issues pose a real challenge to the demonstration that these devices are safer than the nuclear fission facilities. In Italy, a limited number of fusion facilities have been constructed and operated since 30 years ago, mainly at the ENEA Frascati Center, and the radiation protection approach, addressed by the national licensing requirements, shows that it is not always easy to respect the constraints for the workers' exposure to ionizing radiation. In the current analysis, the main radiation protection issues encountered in the Italian Fusion facilities are considered and discussed, and the technical and legal requirements are described. The licensing process for these kinds of devices is outlined and compared with that of other European countries. The following aspects are considered throughout the current study: i) description of the installation, plant and systems, ii) suitability of the area, buildings, and structures, iii) radioprotection structures and organization, iv) exposure of personnel, v) accident analysis and relevant radiological consequences, vi) radioactive wastes assessment and management. In conclusion, the analysis points out the needing of a special attention to the radiological exposure of the workers in order to demonstrate at least the same level of safety as that reached at the nuclear fission facilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusion%20facilities" title="fusion facilities">fusion facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20energy%20neutrons" title=" high energy neutrons"> high energy neutrons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=licensing%20process" title=" licensing process"> licensing process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation%20protection" title=" radiation protection"> radiation protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77846/radiation-protection-and-licensing-for-an-experimental-fusion-facility-the-italian-and-european-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">478</span> Anthropological Basis of Arguments in Plato’s Protagoras</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Nouri%20Sangedehy">Zahra Nouri Sangedehy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are two anthropologies considered in Protagoras. The first of them (Protagoras) considers the appearance of man, like all other beings, as the result of a natural evolution without a predetermined plan and aim. Not only the human's corporeal existence is the result of evolution and natural choices, but also his moral and social life can be explained in the light of this factor. In this anthropology, the moral and political laws derive from the contract and the people's majority agreement of society to survive. Society and socio-political institutions are the reason for the education and training (paidia) of virtues in general. The second anthropology is Socrates's, which is not clearly projected and is hidden behind his arguments. In this way, man's moral and social life is intrinsic. Man is intrinsically a moral and social being. Socrates intends to criticize the theory of the contractual nature of ethics by demonstrating the unity of virtues on the one hand and the identity of virtue and knowledge, and the problem of the teaching of virtues based on intrinsic and a priori knowledge of human beings, on the other hand, albeit with a new kind of education and training, which will replace the Sophists' education. Therefore, ethics will have undoubted foundations, and human beings will be defined again. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=techne" title=" techne"> techne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ar%C3%AAte" title=" arête"> arête</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paidia" title=" paidia"> paidia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157020/anthropological-basis-of-arguments-in-platos-protagoras" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">477</span> Parent’s Perspective about the Impact of Digital Storytelling on a Child’s Moral Development in the Early Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Abdul%20Majeed">Hina Abdul Majeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The story has a powerful impact on the human mind of all age groups. There are various ways to tell stories; one of the forms is digital storytelling. Digital storytelling is getting popular nowadays; it mainly catalyzes a child's holistic development in the early years. Thus, this study's primary purpose is to explore parents' perception of the impact of digital storytelling on developing children's moral values and the change that occurs in child's moral behavior and attitude using the digital storytelling tool. Literature was reviewed by exploring the recent studies on digital stories and their impact on child's development. This study was based on a mixed-method approach, considering qualitative and quantitative research designs. The population for this study included parents of early years children who resided in Karachi. However, parents of two to six years old children were targeted as samples by selecting using a purposive sample method. Thus, 100 parents were chosen for the quantitative survey, and five parents were interviewed to collect qualitative data. Questionnaires were developed for collecting data from parents through surveys and interviews. The SPSS was used to analyze the quantitative data, and the parents' responses collected during discussions were presented in narrative form. The findings show that the impact of digital storytelling, in most parents' opinion, is positive in inculcating moral values in their children. Moreover, parents also endorse the changes in child's behavior and attitude due to digital stories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20storytelling" title="digital storytelling">digital storytelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20development" title=" moral development"> moral development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20years" title=" early years"> early years</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162826/parents-perspective-about-the-impact-of-digital-storytelling-on-a-childs-moral-development-in-the-early-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">476</span> Assessing the Impacts of Folktales (Story Telling) On the Moral Advancement of Children Yoruba Communities in Ute-Owo, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felicia%20Titilayo%20Olanrewaju">Felicia Titilayo Olanrewaju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Folktales are a subclass of folklores which are verbally told and passed down from one generation to another, from the elderly ones to their children, usually at moonlight. These tales are heavily laden with moral lessons of what should be done and what not within the society. Though these are oftentimes heavily embellished yet are related to guide, guard, train, and dishing out moral attributes and mores worthwhile for ethical progression of the young minds within our traditional settings. With the rapid advancement of technological know-how, the existence of most of these moral-inclined stories becomes questionable; hence this study appraised the influences of these traditional storytellings have in the upgrading of moral learning of ethical behavioral traits acceptable among the Yoruba people. Oral interviews couples with recording gadgets were used to collate both sample parents' and children’s responses within a particular community in Owo (ute) local government area of Owo Ondo State, Nigeria. Findings reveal that diverse tales told at moonlight periods have an untold impact on the speedy growth of the children intellectually than the modern happenings around them. These telltale stories become powerful aids in learning goodly traits and eschewing bad manners. It is recommended that folk stories be told within the household among the family after hard labour in the evenings as this would help develop human relationships and brings about a strong sense of community bindings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folktales" title="folktales">folktales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=folklores" title=" folklores"> folklores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advancement" title=" advancement"> advancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20progression" title=" ethical progression"> ethical progression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131734/assessing-the-impacts-of-folktales-story-telling-on-the-moral-advancement-of-children-yoruba-communities-in-ute-owo-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">475</span> The African Notion of Moral Personhood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meshandren%20Naidoo">Meshandren Naidoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Personhood is an important philosophical and ethical device that belies many major ethical and legal issues. The concept of African personhood is often overlooked, however, given the decolonization projects occurring in Africa, it is important to consider this view. African personhood, as opposed to Western personhood, is not individualistic in nature. The latter is predominantly Kantian and based on the notion that all persons have equal moral due to their capacity for a reason, whereas communitarianism is central to an African conception of personhood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20philosophy" title="African philosophy">African philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethics" title=" bioethics"> bioethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personhood" title=" personhood"> personhood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153396/the-african-notion-of-moral-personhood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20licensing&page=1" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20licensing&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">2</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20licensing&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20licensing&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20licensing&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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