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Annexe:Prononciation/vieil anglais — Wiktionnaire, le dictionnaire libre

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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annexe:Prononciation/vieil_anglais&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Annexe:Prononciation/vieil_anglais" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Annexe:Prononciation/vieil_anglais" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=fr" 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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Définition, traduction, prononciation, anagramme et synonyme sur le dictionnaire libre Wiktionnaire.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">&lt; <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation" title="Annexe:Prononciation">Annexe:Prononciation</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><table class="noprint" style="margin:0 auto 0.5em;width: 95%;border:3px solid #88F;border-left:0;border-right:0;background-color:#F3F5FF;padding:5px 0;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align: sub;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:OOjs_UI_icon_userTalk-ltr-progressive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/OOjs_UI_icon_userTalk-ltr-progressive.svg/60px-OOjs_UI_icon_userTalk-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/OOjs_UI_icon_userTalk-ltr-progressive.svg/90px-OOjs_UI_icon_userTalk-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/OOjs_UI_icon_userTalk-ltr-progressive.svg/120px-OOjs_UI_icon_userTalk-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation" title="Annexe:Prononciation">Prononciations des langues du Wiktionnaire</a></b><small> — passez votre souris pour voir le nom de la langue en clair — pour la liste des codes, voir <a href="/wiki/Wiktionnaire:Liste_des_langues" title="Wiktionnaire:Liste des langues">Wiktionnaire:Liste des langues</a></small>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wiktionnaire:Prononciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiktionnaire:Prononciation">Règles du Wiktionnaire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Aide:Prononciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Aide:Prononciation">Aide sur les prononciations</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/adygh%C3%A9" title="Annexe:Prononciation/adyghé">ady</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/avestique" title="Annexe:Prononciation/avestique">ae</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ang</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/arabe" title="Annexe:Prononciation/arabe">ar</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/mapuche" title="Annexe:Prononciation/mapuche">arn</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/avar" title="Annexe:Prononciation/avar">av</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/kotava" title="Annexe:Prononciation/kotava">avk</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/az%C3%A9ri" title="Annexe:Prononciation/azéri">az</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/bachkir" title="Annexe:Prononciation/bachkir">ba</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/bulgare" title="Annexe:Prononciation/bulgare">bg</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/breton" title="Annexe:Prononciation/breton">br</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/catalan" title="Annexe:Prononciation/catalan">ca</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/cherokee" title="Annexe:Prononciation/cherokee">chr</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/corse" title="Annexe:Prononciation/corse">co</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/tch%C3%A8que" title="Annexe:Prononciation/tchèque">cs</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/vieux_slave" title="Annexe:Prononciation/vieux slave">cu</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/allemand" title="Annexe:Prononciation/allemand">de</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/%C3%A9gyptien_ancien" title="Annexe:Prononciation/égyptien ancien">egy</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/grec" title="Annexe:Prononciation/grec">el</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/anglais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/anglais">en</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/esp%C3%A9ranto" title="Annexe:Prononciation/espéranto">eo</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/espagnol" title="Annexe:Prononciation/espagnol">es</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/yupik_central" title="Annexe:Prononciation/yupik central">esu</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/estonien" title="Annexe:Prononciation/estonien">et</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/franc-comtois" title="Annexe:Prononciation/franc-comtois">fc</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/finnois" title="Annexe:Prononciation/finnois">fi</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/fran%C3%A7ais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/français">fr</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/ancien_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/ancien français">fro</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/gallo" title="Annexe:Prononciation/gallo">gallo</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/gallo-italique_de_Sicile" title="Annexe:Prononciation/gallo-italique de Sicile">gallo-italique de Sicile</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/gaulois" title="Annexe:Prononciation/gaulois">gaulois</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/guarani" title="Annexe:Prononciation/guarani">gn</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/gotique" title="Annexe:Prononciation/gotique">got</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/grec_ancien" title="Annexe:Prononciation/grec ancien">grc</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexe:Prononciation/hindi">hi</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/hongrois" title="Annexe:Prononciation/hongrois">hu</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/interlingua" title="Annexe:Prononciation/interlingua">ia</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/ido" title="Annexe:Prononciation/ido">io</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/islandais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/islandais">is</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/italien" title="Annexe:Prononciation/italien">it</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/inuktitut" title="Annexe:Prononciation/inuktitut">iu</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/japonais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/japonais">ja</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/g%C3%A9orgien" title="Annexe:Prononciation/géorgien">ka</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/kabarde" title="Annexe:Prononciation/kabarde">kbd</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/cor%C3%A9en" title="Annexe:Prononciation/coréen">ko</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/kogui" title="Annexe:Prononciation/kogui">kog</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/kurde" title="Annexe:Prononciation/kurde">ku</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/latin" title="Annexe:Prononciation/latin">la</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/lak" title="Annexe:Prononciation/lak">lbe</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/l%C3%A1adan" title="Annexe:Prononciation/láadan">ldn</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/lezghien" title="Annexe:Prononciation/lezghien">lez</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/lorrain" title="Annexe:Prononciation/lorrain">lorrain</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/lituanien" title="Annexe:Prononciation/lituanien">lt</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/letton" title="Annexe:Prononciation/letton">lv</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/malgache" title="Annexe:Prononciation/malgache">mg</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/mongol" title="Annexe:Prononciation/mongol">mn</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/marathe" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexe:Prononciation/marathe">mr</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/pirah%C3%A3" title="Annexe:Prononciation/pirahã">myp</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/minnan" title="Annexe:Prononciation/minnan">nan</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/n%C3%A9palais" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexe:Prononciation/népalais">ne</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/n%C3%A9erlandais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/néerlandais">nl</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/norv%C3%A9gien" title="Annexe:Prononciation/norvégien">no</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/occitan" title="Annexe:Prononciation/occitan">oc</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/palenquero" title="Annexe:Prononciation/palenquero">pln</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/picard" title="Annexe:Prononciation/picard">pcd</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/polonais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/polonais">pl</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/portugais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/portugais">pt</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/proto-germanique" title="Annexe:Prononciation/proto-germanique">proto-germanique</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/roumain" title="Annexe:Prononciation/roumain">ro</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/russe" title="Annexe:Prononciation/russe">ru</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/okinawa%C3%AFen" title="Annexe:Prononciation/okinawaïen">ryu</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexe:Prononciation/sanskrit">sa</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/sicilien" title="Annexe:Prononciation/sicilien">scn</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/sango" title="Annexe:Prononciation/sango">sg</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/same_du_Nord" title="Annexe:Prononciation/same du Nord">se</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/slovaque" title="Annexe:Prononciation/slovaque">sk</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/albanais" title="Annexe:Prononciation/albanais">sq</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/soussou" title="Annexe:Prononciation/soussou">sus</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/su%C3%A9dois" title="Annexe:Prononciation/suédois">sv</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/swahili" title="Annexe:Prononciation/swahili">sw</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/tabassaran" title="Annexe:Prononciation/tabassaran">tab</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/klingon" title="Annexe:Prononciation/klingon">tlh</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/tamasheq" title="Annexe:Prononciation/tamasheq">taq</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/turc" title="Annexe:Prononciation/turc">tr</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/toki_pona" title="Annexe:Prononciation/toki pona">tok</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/tsoly%C3%A1ni" title="Annexe:Prononciation/tsolyáni">tsolyáni</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/vietnamien" title="Annexe:Prononciation/vietnamien">vi</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/flamand_occidental" title="Annexe:Prononciation/flamand occidental">vls</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/volap%C3%BCk_r%C3%A9form%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexe:Prononciation/volapük réformé">vo</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/xhosa" title="Annexe:Prononciation/xhosa">xh</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/amazighe_standard_marocain" title="Annexe:Prononciation/amazighe standard marocain">zgh</a> ·</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Annexe:Prononciation/chinois" title="Annexe:Prononciation/chinois">zh</a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voyelles">Voyelles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annexe:Prononciation/vieil_anglais&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voyelles"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le vieil anglais (aussi appelé anglo-saxon) possède sept <a href="/wiki/monophtongue" title="monophtongue">voyelles simples</a> attestées, chacune pouvant être brève ou longue. Il pourrait toutefois exister deux voyelles supplémentaires. Elles sont réparties comme suit (écriture <a href="/wiki/alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="alphabet phonétique international">API</a>)&#160;: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Monophtongues </th> <th colspan="2">Brève </th> <th colspan="2">Longue </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/voyelle_ant%C3%A9rieure" title="voyelle antérieure">Antérieure</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/voyelle_post%C3%A9rieure" title="voyelle postérieure">Postérieure</a> </th> <th>Antérieure </th> <th>Postérieure </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Voyelle fermée</b> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[i]</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[u]</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[iː]</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[yː]</span>&#160;&#160;(<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɪː]</span>) </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[uː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Voyelle moyenne</b> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɛ]</span>&#160;&#160;(<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[e]</span>) </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[o]</span>&#160;&#160;(<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɔ̃]</span>) </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɛ̄̃)]</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɔ̃]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Voyelle ouverte</b> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[a]</span> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[a][ɛ̄̃]</span> </td> <td align="center"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Bien qu’existant probablement dans certains dialectes du vieil anglais, la voyelle <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ø]</span> n’est pas attestée en <a href="/w/index.php?title=saxon_occidental&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="saxon occidental (page inexistante)">saxon occidental</a>, le dialecte le mieux attesté.</li> <li><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɪ]</span> correspond à une des prononciations possibles du <a href="/wiki/digramme" title="digramme">digramme</a> <i>ie</i> de l’ancien saxon occidental.</li></ul> <p>Le tableau suivant répertorie les voyelles simples du vieil anglais, telles qu’elles étaient écrites à l’époque&#160;: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Écriture </th> <th>API </th> <th>Commentaires </th> <th>Exemples (écriture normalisée) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">a </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɑ]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Parfois écrit <i>o</i> devant une<br /><a href="/wiki/consonne" title="consonne">consonne</a> <a href="/wiki/nasale" title="nasale">nasale</a> (<i>man/mon</i>) </td> <td><i>dagas</i> (jours), <i>macian</i> (faire) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɑː]</span> </td> <td><i>ān</i> (un), <i>bāt</i> (bateau) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">æ </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[æ]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Parfois écrit <i>ae</i>, surtout<br />avant le IX<sup style="font-size:83.33%;line-height:1">e</sup> siècle </td> <td><i>dæġ</i> (jour), <i>hwæt</i> (quoi) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[æː]</span> </td> <td><i>flǣsċ</i> (chair), <i>dǣl</i> (part) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">e </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[e]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><i>helpan</i> (aider), <i>helm</i> (heaume) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[eː]</span> </td> <td><i>fēdan</i> (nourrir), <i>hēr</i> (ici) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" align="center">ea </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[æ]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Après <i>ċ</i>, <i>ġ</i> et <i>sċ</i> et en syllabe accentuée&#160;;<br />devant <i>l</i>, <i>r</i> + consonne, <i>h</i>. </td> <td><i>ċealf</i> (veau), <i>earm</i> (bras, pauvre) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[æː]</span> </td> <td><i>ēaht</i> (propriété) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɑ]</span> </td> <td rowspan="1">Après <i>ċ</i>, <i>ġ</i> et <i>sċ</i> en syllabe<br />non accentuée </td> <td><i>tǣċean</i> (enseigner), <i>seċġean</i> (dire) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">i </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[i]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><i>sittan</i> (s’asseoir), <i>sċip</i> (bateau) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[iː]</span> </td> <td><i>līf</i> (vie), <i>mīn</i> (mon, ma) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">ie </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[e]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Après <i>ċ</i>, <i>ġ</i>, <i>sċ</i> </td> <td><i>ċierran</i> ((se) tourner), <i>ġiefan</i> (donner) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[eː]</span> </td> <td><i>sċīene</i> (beau), <i>ġīet</i> (maintenant) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">o </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[o]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><i>God</i> (Dieu), <i>dohtor</i> (fille) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[oː]</span> </td> <td><i>gōd</i> (bon), <i>brōðor</i> (frère) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">u </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[u]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><i>full</i> (plein), <i>sunu</i> (fils) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[uː]</span> </td> <td><i>fūl</i> (impur), <i>hūs</i> (maison) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center">y </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[y]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">S’est progressivement<br />transformé en <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/i/</span> et <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/iː/</span> </td> <td><i>cyning</i> (roi), <i>wynn</i> (joie) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[yː]</span> </td> <td><i>lȳtel</i> (petit), <i>fȳr</i> (feu) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>En ce qui concerne les <a href="/wiki/diphtongue" title="diphtongue">diphtongues</a>, le vieil anglais possède trois <a href="/wiki/digramme" title="digramme">digrammes</a> pour les représenter&#160;: <i>ea</i>, <i>eo</i> et <i>ie</i>. Elles peuvent être brèves ou longues. </p> <ul><li><i><b>ea</b></i>&#160;: représente <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/æɑ/</span> ou <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/æːɑ/</span> (<i>ēa</i>), sauf dans les cas listés dans le tableau ci-dessus. Exemples&#160;: <i>deað</i> (mort), <i>rēad</i> (rouge).</li> <li><i><b>eo</b></i>&#160;: représente <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/eo/</span> ou <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/eːo/</span> (<i>ēo</i>), voire <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/eʊ/</span> ou <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/eːʊ/</span>. Cette diphtongue était parfois écrite <i>ia</i> ou <i>io</i> dans les documents les plus anciens. Exemples&#160;: <i>leof</i> (aimé), <i>dēop</i> (profond).</li> <li><i><b>ie</b></i>&#160;: représente <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/ie/</span> ou <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/iːe/</span> (ou peut-être <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/iy/</span> ou <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/iːy/</span>), sauf dans les cas listés dans le tableau ci-dessus. Exemples&#160;: <i>hieran</i> (entendre), <i>nied</i> (besoin).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonnes">Consonnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annexe:Prononciation/vieil_anglais&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Consonnes"><span>modifier le wikicode</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les consonnes utilisées en vieil anglais sont réparties de la manière suivante&#160;: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Consonne </th> <th><a href="/wiki/consonne_bilabiale" title="consonne bilabiale">Bilabiale</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=consonne_labio-dentale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="consonne labio-dentale (page inexistante)">Labio-dentale</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/consonne_dentale" title="consonne dentale">Dentale</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=consonne_alv%C3%A9olaire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="consonne alvéolaire (page inexistante)">Alvéolaire</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=consonne_post-alv%C3%A9olaire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="consonne post-alvéolaire (page inexistante)">Post-alvéolaire</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=consonne_palatale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="consonne palatale (page inexistante)">Palatale</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=consonne_v%C3%A9laire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="consonne vélaire (page inexistante)">Vélaire</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=consonne_glottale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="consonne glottale (page inexistante)">Glottale</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=consonne_occlusive&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="consonne occlusive (page inexistante)">Occlusive</a> </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[p]</span>&#160;<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[b]</span> </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[t]</span>&#160;<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[d]</span> </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[k]</span>&#160;<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɡ]</span> </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consonne_affriqu%C3%A9e&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Consonne affriquée (page inexistante)">Affriquée</a> </th> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[t͡ʃ]</span>&#160;<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[d͡ʒ]</span> </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/consonne_fricative" title="consonne fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td>&#160; </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[f]</span>&#160;<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[v]</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[θ]</span>&#160;<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ð]</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[s]</span>&#160;<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[z]</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ʃ]</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ç]</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[x]</span>&#160;<span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɣ]</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[h]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=consonne_nasale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="consonne nasale (page inexistante)">Nasale</a> </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[m]</span> </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[n]</span> </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ŋ]</span> </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=consonne_spirante&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="consonne spirante (page inexistante)">Spirante</a> </th> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɹ]</span> </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[j]</span> </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[w]</span> </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=consonne_lat%C3%A9rale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="consonne latérale (page inexistante)">Spirante latérale</a></b> </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[l]</span> </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td> <td>&#160; </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Le tableau suivant indique la prononciation de ces consonnes. Les lettres y sont écrites sous leur forme moderne. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Consonne </th> <th>API </th> <th>Commentaire </th> <th width="18%">Exemples </th> <th>Anglais actuel </th> <th>Néerlandais </th></tr> <tr> <th>b </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[b]</span> </td> <td>Doit être parfois prononcé <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[v]</span> dans les manuscrits antérieurs au IX<sup style="font-size:83.33%;line-height:1">e</sup> siècle. </td> <td><i>bred</i> (table), <i>byrde</i> (noble) </td> <td><i>bread</i> (bröt → pain) </td> <td><i>brood</i> (bröt → pain) </td></tr> <tr> <th>c </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[k]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>cyning</i> (roi), <i>nacod</i> (nu) </td> <td><i>shining</i> (brillant), <i>king</i> (roi), <i>naked</i> (nu) </td> <td><i>schijning</i> (brillant), <i>koning</i> (roi), <i>naakt</i> (nu) </td></tr> <tr> <th>ċ </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[t͡ʃ]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>ċild</i> (enfant), <i>ċiriċe</i> (église) </td> <td><i>child</i> (enfant), <i>church</i> (église) </td> <td><i>kinder</i> (enfant), <i>kerk</i> (église) </td></tr> <tr> <th>ċġ </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[dd͡ʒ]</span> </td> <td>Représente un <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[d͡ʒ]</span> géminé. </td> <td><i>eċġ</i> (lame), <i>bryċġ</i> (pont) </td> <td><i>edge</i> (lame) <i>bridge</i> (pont) </td> <td><i>egen</i> (lame), <i>brug</i> (pont) </td></tr> <tr> <th>d </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[d]</span> </td> <td>Pouvait également représenter le son <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[θ]</span> dans les textes anciens. </td> <td><i>drēor</i> (sang), <i>duru</i> (porte) </td> <td><i>door</i> (porte) </td> <td><i>deur</i> (porte) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">ð, þ </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ð]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Ces deux lettres, interchangeables, représentent le son <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/ð/</span> lorsqu’elles se trouvent entre deux voyelles (ou consonnes sonores), et <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/θ/</span> dans le cas contraire. Elles sont l’équivalent du <i>th</i> de l’anglais moderne. À partir du règne d’Alfred le Grand, <i>þ</i> fut progressivement utilisé en position initiale et <i>ð</i> ailleurs. </td> <td><i>brōðor</i> (frère), <i>māðm</i> (trésor) </td> <td><i>brother</i> (<i>bruder</i> → frère) </td> <td><i>broeder</i> (<i>bruder</i> → frère) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[θ]</span> </td> <td><i>þing</i> (chose), <i>ðæt</i> (ce) </td> <td><i>thing</i> (chose), <i>that</i> (ce) </td> <td><i>ding</i> (chose), <i>dat</i> (ce) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">f </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[f]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Cette lettre est <a href="/wiki/consonne_sonore" title="consonne sonore">voisée</a> lorsqu’elle est cernée par deux voyelles ou consonnes sonores, <a href="/wiki/consonne_sourde" title="consonne sourde">sourde</a> ailleurs. </td> <td><i>folc</i> (peuple), <i>wulf</i> (loup) </td> <td><i>folk</i> (populaire), <i>wolf</i> (loup) </td> <td><i>volk</i> (populaire), <i>wolf</i> (loup) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[v]</span> </td> <td><i>heofon</i> (ciel), <i>wulfes</i> (loups) </td> <td><i>heaven</i> (paradis), <i>wolves</i> (loups) </td> <td><i>haven</i> (abris), <i>wolven</i> (loups) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">g </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɡ]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><i>g</i> est l’une des deux transcriptions possibles de la lettre <i>ƿ</i>. On la prononce <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/ɡ/</span> au début d’un mot, <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/ɣ/</span> ailleurs. </td> <td><i>gōd</i> (bien), <i>gylden</i> (en or) </td> <td><i>god</i> (dieu), <i>good</i> (<i>gut</i> → bien), <i>golden</i> (en or) </td> <td><i>god</i> (dieu), <i>goed</i> (<i>gut</i> → bien), <i>gouden</i> (en or) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɣ]</span> </td> <td><i>lagu</i> (loi), <i>earg</i> (lâche) </td> <td><i>law</i> (loi) </td> <td><i>erg</i> (triste/afligeant) </td></tr> <tr> <th>ġ </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[j]</span> </td> <td><i>ġ</i> est l’autre transcription de <i>ƿ</i>. Elle possède une prononciation différente lorsqu’elle est précédée par <i>ċ</i> ou <i>n</i> (voir les lignes correspondantes). </td> <td><i>ġē</i> (et), <i>dæġ</i> (jour) </td> <td><i>day</i> (<i>dag</i>, <i>tag</i> → jour) </td> <td><i>dag</i> (jour) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">h </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[h]</span> </td> <td rowspan="4">Devant une voyelle, <i>h</i> représente un <i>h</i> aspiré <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/h/</span>. Ailleurs, cette lettre représente le son <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/ç/</span> lorsqu’elle est précédée d’une voyelle d’avant (<i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>y</i>) et <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/x/</span> si c’est une voyelle d’arrière (<i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>). Devant <i>l</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>n</i> et <i>w</i>, <i>h</i> est muet. </td> <td><i>hūs</i> (maison), <i>habban</i> (avoir) </td> <td><i>house</i> (<i>haus</i>, <i>huis</i> → maison), <i>have</i> (<i>haben</i>, <i>hebben</i> → avoir) </td> <td><i>huis</i> (<i>haus</i>, <i>house</i> → maison), <i>hebben</i> (<i>haben</i>, <i>have</i> → avoir) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[x]</span> </td> <td><i>dohtor</i> (fille), <i>nēah</i> (près) </td> <td><i>daughter</i> (fille), <i>near</i> (près) </td> <td><i>dochter</i> (fille), <i>naar</i> (à) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ç]</span> </td> <td><i>cniht</i> (jeune homme) </td> <td><i>knight</i> (chevalier) </td> <td><i>knecht</i> (vassal) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">muet </td> <td><i>hwā</i> (qui), <i>hlāf</i> (pain) </td> <td><i>who</i> (qui), <i>loaf</i> (baguette) </td> <td>/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>k </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[k]</span> </td> <td>Rare. </td> <td><i>kyrtel</i> (veste) </td> <td>/ </td> <td>/ </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">l </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[l]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Comme en anglais moderne, le <i>l</i> se prononce <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/l/</span> lorsqu’il est suivi d’une voyelle, et <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/ɫ/</span> lorsqu’il se trouve en <a href="/wiki/coda" title="coda">coda</a> (fin de syllabe). (plus particulièrement après <i>ea</i>, <i>eo</i>, <i>io</i>, <i>ǣ</i>, <i>ō</i>, <i>u</i>) </td> <td><i>land</i> (terre), <i>slēan</i> (frapper) </td> <td><i>land</i> (terre), <i>slay</i> (tuer) </td> <td><i>land</i> (terre), <i>slaan</i> (frapper) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɫ]</span> </td> <td><i>eall</i> (tout), <i>seolfor</i> (argent) </td> <td><i>all</i> (tout), <i>silver</i> (argent) </td> <td><i>alle</i> (tout), <i>zilver</i> (argent) </td></tr> <tr> <th>m </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[m]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>māðm</i> (trésor), <i>miċel</i> (grand) </td> <td>/ </td> <td>/ </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">n </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[n]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Prononcé <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/ŋ/</span> devant un <i>c</i> ou un <i>g</i>. </td> <td><i>reġn</i> (pluie), <i>tācen</i> (signe) </td> <td><i>rain</i> (pluie) </td> <td><i>regen</i> (pluie), <i>teken</i> (signe) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ŋ]</span> </td> <td><i>bringan</i> (apporter) </td> <td><i>to bring</i> (bringen → apporter) </td> <td><i>brengen</i> (apporter) </td></tr> <tr> <th>nġ </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[d͡ʒ]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>lenġra</i> (plus long), <i>ġinġra</i> (cadet) </td> <td><i>longer</i> (plus long), <i>younger</i> (plus vieux) </td> <td><i>langer</i> (plus long), <i>jonger</i> (plus vieux) </td></tr> <tr> <th>p </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[p]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>pād</i> (manteau), <i>pāpa</i> (pape) </td> <td><i>pope</i> (pape) </td> <td><i>pape</i> (pape) </td></tr> <tr> <th>qu </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[kw]</span> </td> <td>Rare substitut de <i>cw</i>, devenu plus fréquent dans le <a href="/wiki/moyen_anglais" title="moyen anglais">moyen anglais</a>. </td> <td> </td> <td>/ </td> <td>/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>r </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[r]</span>, <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɾ]</span>, <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ɹ]</span> </td> <td>La nature exacte de cette lettre n’est pas connue. </td> <td><i>rīċe</i> (royaume), <i>rǣran</i> (établir) </td> <td>(<i>reign</i>) (<i>reich</i> → royaume) </td> <td><i>rijk</i> (royaume) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">s </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[s]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Comme <i>f</i>, <i>s</i> est voisé lorsqu’il est cerné par deux voyelles ou consonnes sonores, sinon il est sourd. </td> <td><i>sǣ</i> (mer), <i>cyssan</i> (embrasser) </td> <td><i>sea</i> (mer), <i>to kiss</i> (embrasser) </td> <td><i>zee</i> (mer), <i>kussen</i> (embrasser) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[z]</span> </td> <td><i>ċēosan</i> (choisir), <i>hūses</i> (maisons) </td> <td><i>(to)choose</i> (choisir), <i>houses</i> (maisons) </td> <td><i>kiezen</i> (choisir), <i>huizen</i> (maisons) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">sc, sċ </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[ʃ]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Autrefois systématiquement prononcé <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/sk/</span>. Cette prononciation n’est restée que dans le cas où <i>sc</i> précède une <a href="/wiki/voyelle_post%C3%A9rieure" title="voyelle postérieure">voyelle postérieure</a> (<i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>) ou bien suit une voyelle postérieure, en position finale. Par <a href="/wiki/m%C3%A9tath%C3%A8se" title="métathèse">métathèse</a>, <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/sk/</span> s’est parfois changé en <span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/ks/</span>, écrit <i>x</i> (exemples&#160;: <i>axian</i>, <i>tux</i>). </td> <td><i>sċip</i> (bateau), <i>fisc</i> </td> <td><i>ship</i> (bateau) </td> <td><i>schip</i> (bateau) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[sk]</span> </td> <td><i>ascian</i> (demander), <i>tūsc</i> (défense) </td> <td><i>(to)ask</i> (demander) </td> <td><i>eisen</i> (demander) </td></tr> <tr> <th>t </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[t]</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>tīd</i> (temps), <i>tealt</i> (précaire) </td> <td><i>time</i> (temps) </td> <td><i>tijd</i> (temps) </td></tr> <tr> <th>th </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[θ]</span> </td> <td>Ancienne orthographe de <i>ð</i> et <i>þ</i>. </td> <td><i>thonc</i> (merci), <i>thā</i> (alors) </td> <td><i>thank</i> (merci), <i>then</i> (alors) </td> <td><i>dank</i> (merci), <i>dan</i> (alors) </td></tr> <tr> <th>uu </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[w]</span> </td> <td>Ancienne orthographe de <i>w</i>. </td> <td><i>uuiþ</i> (avec), <i>uundor</i> (miracle) </td> <td><i>with</i> (avec), <i>wonder</i> (miracle, merveille) </td> <td><i>met</i> (avec), <i>wonder</i> (merveille, miracle) </td></tr> <tr> <th>w </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[w]</span> </td> <td>Contrairement à l’anglais moderne, cette consonne n’est jamais muette. </td> <td><i>wīs</i> (sage), <i>wlanc</i> (superbe) </td> <td><i>wise</i> (sage) </td> <td><i>wijs</i> (sage) </td></tr> <tr> <th>x </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">/ks/</span> </td> <td>Voir <i>sc</i>. </td> <td> </td> <td>/ </td> <td>/ </td></tr> <tr> <th>z </th> <td align="center"><span class="API" title="Prononciation API" style="white-space: nowrap;">[t͡s]</span> </td> <td>Orthographe rare de <i>ts</i>. </td> <td><i>bezt</i> (= <i>betst</i>, meilleur) </td> <td><i>best</i> (meilleur) </td> <td><i>best</i> (meilleur) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Les consonnes doublées doivent être prononcées comme des consonnes longues&#160;; en effet, la gémination des consonnes peut induire un changement de sens&#160;: cf. <i>swelan</i> (brûler) ≠ <i>swellan</i> (enfler). </p><p>On remarque également que la racine germanique a gardé les terminaisons des verbes à l’infinitif en <i>-en</i>/<i>-an</i>/<i>-ian</i>. Ainsi <i>ascian</i>, une fois cette terminaison enlevée, devient <i>asc</i>, très proche de <i>ask</i>, idem avec <i>ceosan</i> (<i>choose</i>), <i>brigan</i> (<i>bring</i>, allemand <i>bringen</i>, néerlandais <i>brengen</i>), <i>fedan</i> (<i>feed</i>), néerlandais <i>voeden</i>, <i>helpan</i>, anglais <i>to help</i>, néerlandais <i>helpen</i> etc. </p><p>La transformation <i>b</i>/<i>v</i> permet aussi de transformer l'allemand <i>haben</i>, vieil anglais <i>habban</i>, néerlandais <i>hebben</i>, en l’anglais <i>have</i>. Par «&#160;inversion de l’évolution linguistique&#160;», le latin <i>habere</i>, donne par transformation <i>b</i>/<i>v</i> (et suppression du <i>h</i>) le français <i>avoir</i>. </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6d94db5ff4‐g52v4 Cached time: 20241128205317 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.221 seconds Real time usage: 0.239 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2204/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27885/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4505/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.097/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5785300/104857600 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 167.901 1 -total 90.79% 152.442 1 Modèle:palette_prononciations 84.68% 142.182 92 Modèle:nobr 78.15% 131.212 92 Modèle:nom_langue 5.17% 8.681 126 Modèle:pron-API 0.68% 1.134 2 Modèle:e --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiktionary:pcache:1943898:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128205317 and revision id 33454984. 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