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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_and_residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_and_residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Office and residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_and_residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_deputy_prime_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_deputy_prime_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of deputy prime ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_deputy_prime_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unofficial_deputies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unofficial_deputies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Unofficial deputies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Unofficial_deputies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Unofficial deputies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Unofficial_deputies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceprimer_ministre_del_Regne_Unit" title="Viceprimer ministre del Regne Unit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viceprimer ministre del Regne Unit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicepremi%C3%A9r_Spojen%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Vicepremiér Spojeného království – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vicepremiér Spojeného království" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicepremierminister_(Storbritannien)" title="Vicepremierminister (Storbritannien) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vicepremierminister (Storbritannien)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vize-Premierminister_des_Vereinigten_K%C3%B6nigreichs" title="Vize-Premierminister des Vereinigten Königreichs – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vize-Premierminister des Vereinigten Königreichs" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Αναπληρωτής Πρωθυπουργός του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αναπληρωτής Πρωθυπουργός του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_primer_ministro_del_Reino_Unido" title="Vice primer ministro del Reino Unido – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vice primer ministro del Reino Unido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice-Premier_ministre_du_Royaume-Uni" title="Vice-Premier ministre du Royaume-Uni – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vice-Premier ministre du Royaume-Uni" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EB%B6%80%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC" title="영국의 부총리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영국의 부총리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakil_Perdana_Menteri_Britania_Raya" title="Wakil Perdana Menteri Britania Raya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wakil Perdana Menteri Britania Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_primo_ministro_del_Regno_Unito" title="Vice primo ministro del Regno Unito – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vice primo ministro del Regno Unito" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="סגן ראש ממשלת בריטניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סגן ראש ממשלת בריטניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87" title="نايب رئيس وزرا المملكه المتحده – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نايب رئيس وزرا المملكه المتحده" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbalan_Perdana_Menteri_United_Kingdom" title="Timbalan Perdana Menteri United Kingdom – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Timbalan Perdana Menteri United Kingdom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_vicepremiers_van_het_Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Lijst van vicepremiers van het Verenigd Koninkrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van vicepremiers van het Verenigd Koninkrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E5%89%AF%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="イギリスの副首相 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イギリスの副首相" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_Storbritannias_visestatsministre" title="Liste over Storbritannias visestatsministre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liste over Storbritannias visestatsministre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicepremierzy_Wielkiej_Brytanii" title="Wicepremierzy Wielkiej Brytanii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wicepremierzy Wielkiej Brytanii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Заместитель премьер-министра Великобритании – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Заместитель премьер-министра Великобритании" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podpredseda_vl%C3%A1dy_Spojen%C3%A9ho_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovstva" title="Podpredseda vlády Spojeného kráľovstva – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Podpredseda vlády Spojeného kráľovstva" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storbritanniens_bitr%C3%A4dande_premi%C3%A4rminister" title="Storbritanniens biträdande premiärminister – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Storbritanniens biträdande premiärminister" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="รองนายกรัฐมนตรีสหราชอาณาจักร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รองนายกรัฐมนตรีสหราชอาณาจักร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%89%AF%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="英國副首相 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英國副首相" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%89%AF%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="英國副首相 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英國副首相" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1507619#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Senior member of the British government</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may have misleading content</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit">clarify the content</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span><br />Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Arms">Royal Arms</a> of <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty's Government">His Majesty's Government</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP,_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP%2C_2024.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP%2C_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP%2C_2024.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP%2C_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP%2C_2024.jpg/440px-Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP%2C_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4480" data-file-height="6720" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a><br /></div>since 5 July 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government of the United Kingdom</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><b>Deputy Prime Minister</b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(informal)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(within the UK and Commonwealth)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Her_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Excellency">Her Excellency</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(diplomatic)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">Minister of the Crown</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">Privy Council</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Security Council (United Kingdom)">National Security Council</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Nations_and_Regions" title="Council of the Nations and Regions">Council of the Nations and Regions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mayoral_Council_for_England" title="Mayoral Council for England">Mayoral Council for England</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reports to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">The Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>None, may use <a href="/wiki/Grace_and_favour" title="Grace and favour">grace and favour</a> residences</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Westminster" title="Westminster">Westminster</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nominator</th><td class="infobox-data">The Prime Minister</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Monarch</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/At_His_Majesty%27s_pleasure" title="At His Majesty's pleasure">At His Majesty's pleasure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">5 July 1995</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(disputed; 1942)</i></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a><br /><span 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 18em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Political offices in the UK government</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of the British Government"><img alt="Arms of the British Government" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>Arms of the British Government</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deputy Prime Minister</a> / <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_State" title="First Secretary of State">First Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury#Ministers" title="HM Treasury">Treasury ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(United_Kingdom)" title="Secretary of State (United Kingdom)">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_state_(United_Kingdom)" title="Minister of state (United Kingdom)">Minister of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_under-secretary_of_state" title="Parliamentary under-secretary of state">Parliamentary under-secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_private_secretary" title="Parliamentary private secretary">Parliamentary private secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House of Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip" title="Chief Whip">Whips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_officers_of_the_Crown" title="Law officers of the Crown">Law officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinecure#United_Kingdom" title="Sinecure">Sinecures</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of government ministers of the United Kingdom">List of political offices</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Politics of the United Kingdom">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lesser arms of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/203px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/270px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom">Parliamentary sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rule of law in the United Kingdom">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Separation of powers in the United Kingdom">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom#Principles" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Other constitutional principles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_variant_2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="479" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Monarch</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">list</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a> </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Prince of Wales's feathers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/30px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/45px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/60px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="383" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Heir apparent</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">Royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Royal prerogative in the United Kingdom">Prerogative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counsellor_of_State" title="Counsellor of State">Counsellors of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">Privy Council</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_Crown_%26_Garter).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/20px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/30px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/40px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="1147" /></a></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><br /><b>(<a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a>)</b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">HM Government</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_governments" title="List of British governments">list</a>)<br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Starmer_ministry" title="Starmer ministry">Starmer ministry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)<br /> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a>)<br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)<br /> </p> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)<br /> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of government ministers of the United Kingdom">Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_agency" title="Executive agency">Agencies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legislatures_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Legislatures of the United Kingdom">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a>)<br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowned_Portcullis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Crowned portcullis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/50px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/75px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/100px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">King</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Lords_composition.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Composition diagram of the House of Lords" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/House_of_Lords_composition.svg/100px-House_of_Lords_composition.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/House_of_Lords_composition.svg/150px-House_of_Lords_composition.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/House_of_Lords_composition.svg/200px-House_of_Lords_composition.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="199" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/John_McFall,_Baron_McFall_of_Alcluith" title="John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith">The Lord McFall of Alcluith</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Commons_UK.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Composition diagram of the House of Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/House_of_Commons_UK.svg/100px-House_of_Commons_UK.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/House_of_Commons_UK.svg/150px-House_of_Commons_UK.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/House_of_Commons_UK.svg/200px-House_of_Commons_UK.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="164" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hoyle" title="Lindsay Hoyle">Sir Lindsay Hoyle</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Kemi Badenoch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">C</a>)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">59th Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Most_Loyal_Opposition" title="His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MPs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">List of MPs</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Judiciaries of the United Kingdom">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><br /><b>(<a href="/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_(England)" title="Court of King's Bench (England)">King-on-the-Bench</a>)</b> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Badge of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/45px-Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/60px-Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="691" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">President</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reed,_Baron_Reed_of_Allermuir" title="Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir">The Lord Reed</a> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Deputy President</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hodge,_Lord_Hodge" title="Patrick Hodge, Lord Hodge">The Lord Hodge</a> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Justices of the Supreme Court</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Judiciaries of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Scotland" title="Courts of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Courts of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Governor of the Bank of England">Governor</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bailey_(banker)" title="Andrew Bailey (banker)">Andrew Bailey</a> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Deputy Governor of the Bank of England">Deputy governors</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Monetary_Policy_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)">Monetary Policy Committee</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_currencies" title="List of British currencies">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Banknotes of the pound sterling">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Coins of the pound sterling">Coins</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Referendums in the United Kingdom">referendums</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament constituencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/2023_Periodic_Review_of_Westminster_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies">2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Parties,_Elections_and_Referendums_Act_2000" title="Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000">Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_and_Calling_of_Parliament_Act_2022" title="Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022">Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament_constituencies_and_electoral_regions" title="Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions">Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd_constituencies_and_electoral_regions" title="Senedd constituencies and electoral regions">Senedd constituencies and electoral regions</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_general_elections" title="List of United Kingdom general elections">UK general elections</a></b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="First Parliament of the United Kingdom">1801 co-option</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1802_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1802 United Kingdom general election">1802</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1806_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1806 United Kingdom general election">1806</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1807_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1807 United Kingdom general election">1807</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1812 United Kingdom general election">1812</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1818_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1818 United Kingdom general election">1818</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1820 United Kingdom general election">1820</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1826_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1826 United Kingdom general election">1826</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1830 United Kingdom general election">1830</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1831_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1831 United Kingdom general election">1831</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1832 United Kingdom general election">1832–33</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1835_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1835 United Kingdom general election">1835</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1837_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1837 United Kingdom general election">1837</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1841_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1841 United Kingdom general election">1841</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1847_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1847 United Kingdom general election">1847</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1852 United Kingdom general election">1852</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1857_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1857 United Kingdom general election">1857</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1859_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1859 United Kingdom general election">1859</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1865_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1865 United Kingdom general election">1865</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1868 United Kingdom general election">1868</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1874 United Kingdom general election">1874</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1880 United Kingdom general election">1880</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1885_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1885 United Kingdom general election">1885</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1886_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1886 United Kingdom general election">1886</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1892 United Kingdom general election">1892</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Jan–Feb)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Dec)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1924 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Feb)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Oct)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2001 United Kingdom general election">2001</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Endorsements</b></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2015 United Kingdom general election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2017 United Kingdom general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2019 United Kingdom general election">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>European Parliament elections (1979–2019)</b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1979</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1984</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1989 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1989</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1994</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Scottish Parliament elections</b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="1999 Scottish Parliament election">1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2003 Scottish Parliament election">2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2007 Scottish Parliament election">2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2011 Scottish Parliament election">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2016 Scottish Parliament election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2021 Scottish Parliament election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="Next Scottish Parliament election">Next</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Northern Ireland Assembly elections</b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="1998 Northern Ireland Assembly election">1998</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2003 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2016 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2022 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="Next Northern Ireland Assembly election">Next</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Senedd elections</b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="1999 National Assembly for Wales election">1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2003_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2003 National Assembly for Wales election">2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2007_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2007 National Assembly for Wales election">2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2011 National Assembly for Wales election">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2016 National Assembly for Wales election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Senedd_election" title="Next Senedd election">Next</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>UK referendums</b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_relations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intergovernmental relations in the United Kingdom">Intergovernmental relations in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_consent_motion" title="Legislative consent motion">Legislative consent motions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_and_Heads_of_Devolved_Governments_Council" title="Prime Minister and Heads of Devolved Governments Council">Prime Minister and Heads of Devolved Governments Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Nations_and_Regions" title="Council of the Nations and Regions">Council of the Nations and Regions</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_England" title="Governance of England">Governance of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_votes_for_English_laws" title="English votes for English laws">English votes for English laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Greater_London_Authority_referendum" title="1998 Greater London Authority referendum">1998 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority_Act_1999" title="Greater London Authority Act 1999">Greater London Authority Act 1999</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority_Act_2007" title="Greater London Authority Act 2007">2007 Act</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_London" title="Deputy Mayor of London">Mayoral cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authority">Combined authorities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directly_elected_mayors_in_England#Combined_Authority_("Metro")_Mayors" title="Directly elected mayors in England">Metro mayors</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Act_1998" title="Northern Ireland Act 1998">Northern Ireland Act 1998</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(St_Andrews_Agreement)_Act_2006" title="Northern Ireland (St Andrews Agreement) Act 2006">2006 Act</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister</a> </b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_O%27Neill" title="Michelle O'Neill">Michelle O'Neill</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">deputy First Minister</a> </b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Little-Pengelly" title="Emma Little-Pengelly">Emma Little-Pengelly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="List of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly">Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Law of Northern Ireland">Law of Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Scottish_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Scottish devolution referendum">1997 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Act_1998" title="Scotland Act 1998">Scotland Act 1998</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Scotland_Act_2012" title="Scotland Act 2012">2012 Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Act_2016" title="Scotland Act 2016">2016 Act</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Swinney" title="John Swinney">John Swinney</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Act of the Scottish Parliament">Act of the Scottish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_statutory_instrument" title="Scottish statutory instrument">Scottish statutory instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Scots law</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Welsh devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Welsh devolution referendum">1997 referendum</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/2011_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="2011 Welsh devolution referendum">2011 referendum on law-making powers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_1998" title="Government of Wales Act 1998">Government of Wales Act 1998</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_2006" title="Government of Wales Act 2006">2006 Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2014" title="Wales Act 2014">Wales Act 2014</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2017" title="Wales Act 2017">Wales Act 2017</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eluned_Morgan,_Baroness_Morgan_of_Ely" class="mw-redirect" title="Eluned Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Ely">Eluned Morgan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measure_of_the_National_Assembly_for_Wales" title="Measure of the National Assembly for Wales">Measure of the National Assembly for Wales</a> (1999–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Senedd_Cymru" title="Act of Senedd Cymru">Act of Senedd Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Welsh law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">Administration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">England</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_England" title="History of local government in England">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial counties</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts" title="List of English districts">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan Borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London Borough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parishes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_England" title="List of civil parishes in England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic counties</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland#History" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Northern Ireland">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Counties of Northern Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Northern Ireland">Districts</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Scotland</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Scotland" title="History of local government in Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sheriffdom" title="Sheriffdom">Sheriffdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_areas_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Council areas of Scotland">Council areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_community_council_areas_in_Scotland" title="List of community council areas in Scotland">Community council areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Scotland" title="List of civil parishes in Scotland">Civil parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shires_of_Scotland" title="Shires of Scotland">Shires of Scotland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Wales</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Wales" title="History of local government in Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preserved_counties_of_Wales" title="Preserved counties of Wales">Preserved counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Principal areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_(Wales)" title="Community (Wales)">Communities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Wales" title="List of communities in Wales">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">Historic counties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <br /></li></ul> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></span>)</li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailiwick of Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Islands" title="British Islands">British Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Crown_Dependencies_Customs_Union" title="United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union">UK-CD Customs Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li><li><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></span><br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></small></li><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></small></li><li><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a>)</small></li><li><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen" title="British Overseas Territories citizen">British Overseas Territories citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_British_Overseas_Territories_citizens" title="Visa requirements for British Overseas Territories citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policies_of_British_Overseas_Territories" title="Visa policies of British Overseas Territories">Visa policies</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK%E2%80%93Overseas_Territories_Joint_Ministerial_Council" title="UK–Overseas Territories Joint Ministerial Council">UK-OT JMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_Gibraltar" title="Status of Gibraltar">Gibraltar sovereignty dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" title="Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute">Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of the United Kingdom">Foreign policy</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">history</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom">in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_passport" title="British passport">UK passport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)_passport" title="British National (Overseas) passport">British National (Overseas) passport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_British_citizens" title="Visa requirements for British citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Crown_Dependencies_Customs_Union" title="United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union">UK–CD Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Visa policy of the United Kingdom">Visa policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom">Free trade agreements</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Australia–United Kingdom relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Barbados–United Kingdom relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Belgium–United Kingdom relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Belize–United Kingdom relations">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Brunei–United Kingdom relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Canada–United Kingdom relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="China–United Kingdom relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Cyprus–United Kingdom relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Denmark–United Kingdom relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="France–United Kingdom relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Germany–United Kingdom relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="India–United Kingdom relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Israel–United Kingdom relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Italy–United Kingdom relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Japan–United Kingdom relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kenya–United Kingdom relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malaysia–United Kingdom relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malta–United Kingdom relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Netherlands–United Kingdom relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="New Zealand–United Kingdom relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Norway–United Kingdom relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Russia–United Kingdom relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Singapore–United Kingdom relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Spain–United Kingdom relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="South Africa–United Kingdom relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Palestine–United Kingdom relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Pakistan–United Kingdom relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Poland–United Kingdom relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Portugal–United Kingdom relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="United Kingdom–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ireland–United Kingdom relations">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">politics of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">UK–Ireland border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Protocol" title="Northern Ireland Protocol">Northern Ireland Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">European Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Union">history</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Brexit_United_Kingdom_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union">Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Wales" title="Category:Politics of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Politics of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Politics of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>deputy prime minister of the United Kingdom</b> is an honorific title<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> given to a <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">minister of the Crown</a> and a member of the <a href="/wiki/British_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cabinet">British Cabinet</a>, normally to signify a very senior minister, the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_leader" title="Deputy leader">deputy party leader</a>, or a key political ally of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister</a>. It does not entail any specific legal responsibilities, though the holder may be assigned some, and is usually paired with a departmental <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state" title="Secretary of state">secretary of state</a> position. The title is not always in use and prime ministers have been known to appoint informal deputies without the title of deputy prime minister. The current deputy prime minister is <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_position">Constitutional position</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Constitutional position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The position of deputy prime minister carries no salary; the holder is appointed to another which draws a salary under the <a href="/wiki/Ministerial_and_other_Salaries_Act_1975" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministerial and other Salaries Act 1975">Ministerial and other Salaries Act 1975</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeldonMeakinThoms2021171_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeldonMeakinThoms2021171-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office is not always in use, and prime ministers may use other offices, such as <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_State" title="First Secretary of State">First Secretary of State</a>, to indicate the seniority. The holder of the position has no right to automatic succession.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020152_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020152-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically there has been resistance by the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">monarch</a> to appointing an individual as deputy prime minister as it might be considered to infringe upon their <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Royal prerogative in the United Kingdom">royal prerogative</a> to choose a prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199588_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199588-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Brazier" title="Rodney Brazier">Rodney Brazier</a> has more recently written that there is a strong constitutional case for every prime minister to appoint a deputy prime minister, to ensure an effective temporary transfer of power in most circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier202082-83_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier202082-83-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Bogdanor" title="Vernon Bogdanor">Vernon Bogdanor</a> has said that that argument holds little weight in the modern context, since the monarch no longer has any real discretion, and that, even in the past, a person acting as deputy prime minister had no real advantage to being appointed prime minister by the monarch (though this might be different within political parties in relation to their respective leaderships).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199588_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199588-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Brazier, he also says that there is a good constitutional case for recognising the office; for in the case of the death or incapacity of the incumbent prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199588_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199588-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brazier has written that there are three reasons why a deputy prime minister has been appointed: to set out the line of succession to the premiership preferred by the prime minister, to promote the efficient discharge of government business and (in the case of Labour governments) to accord recognition to the status of the deputy leader of the Labour party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier1988176_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier1988176-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the position has been in use in the past, the deputy prime minister has deputised for the prime minister at <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Questions" title="Prime Minister's Questions">Prime Minister's Questions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, while a minister was occasionally invited to deputise as prime minister when the prime minister was ill or abroad, no one was styled as such when the prime minister was in the country and physically able to run the government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020141-142_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020141-142-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This changed in 1942 when <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a> was styled as deputy prime minister by <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>. This designation was seen as an exceptional result of a coalition and the war,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020142_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020142-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Attlee's 1942 appointment was not formally approved by the <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">King</a><sup id="cite_ref-Thorton&Kirkup_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorton&Kirkup-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HoCLibrary_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoCLibrary-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHennessy199516_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHennessy199516-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was a matter of form rather than fact.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199587_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199587-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The designation was because Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> wanted to demonstrate the importance of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour party</a> in the coalition, not for any reasons relating to succession; he actually left written advice that the King should send for <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> if he were to die, not Attlee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeldonMeakinThoms2021171_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeldonMeakinThoms2021171-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unusually in comparison to other unofficial deputy prime ministers, Clement Attlee was described as deputy prime minister by <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a>, whereas other unofficial deputies are described using their official position.<sup id="cite_ref-HoCLibrary_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoCLibrary-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After this, fearing a possible curtailment of the monarch's prerogative to choose a prime minister, no one was formally styled deputy prime minister (though there was often a senior minister generally regarded as such) until <a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a> in 1995 was formally styled deputy prime minister. As the title of deputy prime minister did not hold any statutory authority Heseltine was also appointed as <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_State" title="First Secretary of State">First Secretary of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thorton&Kirkup_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorton&Kirkup-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a> served as deputy prime minister under <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> during the entirety of Blair's premiership, and remains the longest serving deputy prime minister. Prescott's statutory authority was originally drawn from his concurrent position as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Environment,_Transport_and_the_Regions" title="Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions">Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions</a>, however in 2001 this department was broken up an <b>Office of the Deputy Prime Minister</b> (ODPM) was also formed within the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HoCLibrary_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoCLibrary-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To ensure he continued to hold statutory authority, he was appointed First Secretary of State. In June 2003, the ODPM became a separate department and absorbed the local government and regions portfolios from the defunct <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Transport,_Local_Government_and_the_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions">Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions</a>. During the 5 May 2006 <a href="/wiki/UK_Cabinet_reshuffle,_May_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Cabinet reshuffle, May 2006">reshuffle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Third_Blair_ministry" title="Third Blair ministry">Tony Blair's government</a>, Prescott kept his position as deputy prime minister but lost his departmental authority and OPDM was renamed the Department for Communities and Local Government and headed by <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kelly" title="Ruth Kelly">Ruth Kelly</a>. The position was vacant during <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>'s premiership. </p><p>After the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats formed a coalition government in <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a>, Nick Clegg was appointed deputy prime minister<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>, and served in this role until he resigned after the Conservatives won a majority in the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2015 general election</a>. During the coalition <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> was appointed by Cameron as <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_State" title="First Secretary of State">First Secretary of State</a>, the only time that both these positions have existed concurrently but not been held by the same person. During this time Cameron described Hague rather than Clegg as being his "de facto political deputy".<sup id="cite_ref-Thorton&Kirkup_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thorton&Kirkup-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office of deputy prime minister was vacant for the remainder of Cameron's premiership and the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>'s premiership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020142-144_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020142-144-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, a year before being formally styled deputy prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> deputised for <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> while Johnson was in hospital with COVID-19, though was not formally styled deputy prime minister until September 2021. Raab served as deputy prime minister during the remainder of Johnson's premiership. <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey" title="Thérèse Coffey">Thérèse Coffey</a> served as deputy prime minister in September and October 2022 under <a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a>, becoming the shortest serving deputy prime minister in history. After <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a> became prime minister, he reappointed Raab as deputy prime minister,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making him the first non-consecutive holder of the office. Raab resigned in April 2023 after the investigation into his alleged bullying was published, and was succeeded by deputy prime minister <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Oliver Dowden</a>, who resigned after the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>, whereupon he was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a> in <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a>'s Labour <a href="/wiki/Starmer_ministry" title="Starmer ministry">government</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Office_and_residence">Office and residence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Office and residence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no set of offices permanently ready to house the deputy prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier202073_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier202073-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a> maintained an office at the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a> headquarters, 70 <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a>, which is linked to <a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg's predecessor, Prescott, maintained his main office at 26 Whitehall.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prime minister may also give them the use of a <a href="/wiki/Grace_and_favour" title="Grace and favour">grace and favour</a> country house.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier202073_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier202073-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in office, Nick Clegg resided at his private residence in Putney and he shared <a href="/wiki/Chevening_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevening House">Chevening House</a> with First Secretary <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> as a weekend residence.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clegg's predecessor, John Prescott, used <a href="/wiki/Dorneywood" title="Dorneywood">Dorneywood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier202073_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier202073-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession">Succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nobody has the right of automatic succession to the prime ministership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier2020174_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier2020174-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is generally considered that in the event of the death of the prime minister, it would be appropriate to appoint an interim prime minister, though there is some debate as to how to decide who this should be.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton201634_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton201634-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Brazier, there are no procedures within government to cope with the sudden death of the prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier202084_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier202084-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also no such title as acting prime minister of the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier202068_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier202068-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite refusing "...to discuss a hypothetical situation" with <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> in 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a> is reported to have said in 2006:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVennard2008304_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVennard2008304-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There is no single protocol setting out all of the possible implications. However, the general constitutional position is as set out below. There can be no automatic assumption about who The Queen would ask to act as caretaker Prime Minister in the event of the death of the Prime Minister. The decision is for her under the Royal Prerogative. However, there are some key guiding principles. The Queen would probably be looking for a very senior member of the Government (not necessarily a Commons Minister since this would be a short-term appointment). If there was a recognised deputy to the Prime Minister, used to acting on his behalf in his absences, this could be an important factor. Also important would be the question of who was likely to be in contention to take over long-term as Prime Minister. If the most senior member of the Government was him or herself a contender for the role of Prime Minister, it might be that The Queen would invite a slightly less senior non-contender. In these circumstances, her private secretary would probably take soundings, via the Cabinet Secretary, of members of the Cabinet, to ensure that The Queen invited someone who would be acceptable to the Cabinet to act as their chair during the caretaker period. Once the Party had elected a new leader, that person would, of course, be invited to take over as Prime Minister.</p></blockquote> <p>Additionally, when the prime minister is travelling, it is standard practice for a senior duty minister to be appointed who can attend to urgent business and meetings if required, though the prime minister remains in charge and updated throughout.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 April 2020, when Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> was admitted into ICU, he asked First Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> "to deputise for him where necessary".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_deputy_prime_ministers">List of deputy prime ministers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of deputy prime ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the many unofficial deputies (see <a href="#Unofficial_deputies">below</a>), some people have been formally appointed deputy prime minister. Ministers are appointed by the monarch, on the advice of the prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eight people can be described as definitely having been appointed deputy prime minister in such a manner.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier202077_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier202077-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020143-144_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020143-144-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHennessy199516_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHennessy199516-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199587_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199587-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Deputy prime ministers </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Deputy Prime Minister </th> <th colspan="2" width="20%">Term of office </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">Other ministerial portfolios held during tenure</span> </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Ministry </th></tr> <tr style="height:1em"> <th style="background-color: #0087DC"> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Heseltine_(6969083278).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lord_Heseltine_%286969083278%29.jpg/120px-Lord_Heseltine_%286969083278%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lord_Heseltine_%286969083278%29.jpg/180px-Lord_Heseltine_%286969083278%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Lord_Heseltine_%286969083278%29.jpg/240px-Lord_Heseltine_%286969083278%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="639" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/Henley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Henley (UK Parliament constituency)">Henley</a><br />(born 1933)</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">5 July</span><br />1995 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">2 May</span><br />1997 </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_State" title="First Secretary of State">First Secretary of State</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Major_ministry" title="Second Major ministry">Major II</a> </td></tr> <tr style="height:1em"> <th rowspan="3" style="background-color: #E4003B"> </th> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Prescott_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/John_Prescott_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-John_Prescott_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/John_Prescott_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-John_Prescott_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/John_Prescott_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-John_Prescott_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="755" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingston upon Hull East">Kingston upon Hull East</a><br />(1938–2024)</span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">2 May</span><br />1997 </td> <td rowspan="3"><span style="font-size:85%;">27 June</span><br />2007 </td> <td rowspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Environment,_Transport_and_the_Regions" title="Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions">Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1997–2001)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_State" title="First Secretary of State">First Secretary of State</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001–2007)</span></li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#fcc;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td style="background:#fcc;"><a href="/wiki/First_Blair_ministry" title="First Blair ministry">Blair I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fcc;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Blair_ministry" title="Second Blair ministry">Blair II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fcc;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Blair_ministry" title="Third Blair ministry">Blair III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8">Vacant (2007–2010) </th></tr> <tr style="height:1em"> <td style="background-color: #FAA61A"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nick_Clegg_by_the_2009_budget_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nick_Clegg_by_the_2009_budget_cropped.jpg/120px-Nick_Clegg_by_the_2009_budget_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nick_Clegg_by_the_2009_budget_cropped.jpg/180px-Nick_Clegg_by_the_2009_budget_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Nick_Clegg_by_the_2009_budget_cropped.jpg/240px-Nick_Clegg_by_the_2009_budget_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="353" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sheffield Hallam (UK Parliament constituency)">Sheffield Hallam</a><br />(born 1967)</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">11 May</span><br />2010 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">8 May</span><br />2015 </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#ffebcc"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrat</a> </td> <td style="background:#ddd;"><a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameron–Clegg">Cameron–Clegg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8">Vacant (2015–2021) </th></tr> <tr style="height:1em"> <td style="background-color: #0087DC"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg/120px-Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg/180px-Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg/240px-Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/Esher_and_Walton" class="mw-redirect" title="Esher and Walton">Esher and Walton</a><br />(born 1974)</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">15 September</span><br />2021 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">6 September</span><br />2022 </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Justice" title="Secretary of State for Justice">Secretary of State for Justice</a></li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background:#def;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Johnson_ministry" title="Second Johnson ministry">Johnson II</a> </td></tr> <tr style="height:1em"> <td style="background-color: #0087DC"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey_Official_Cabinet_Portrait,_September_2022_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey_Official_Cabinet_Portrait%2C_September_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey_Official_Cabinet_Portrait%2C_September_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey_Official_Cabinet_Portrait%2C_September_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey_Official_Cabinet_Portrait%2C_September_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey_Official_Cabinet_Portrait%2C_September_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey_Official_Cabinet_Portrait%2C_September_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1967" data-file-height="2625" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey" title="Thérèse Coffey">Thérèse Coffey</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Coastal_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Suffolk Coastal (UK Parliament constituency)">Suffolk Coastal</a><br />(born 1971)</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">6 September</span><br />2022 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">25 October</span><br />2022 </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Health_and_Social_Care" title="Secretary of State for Health and Social Care">Secretary of State for Health and Social Care</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#def;"><a href="/wiki/Truss_ministry" title="Truss ministry">Truss</a> </td></tr> <tr style="height:1em"> <td style="background-color: #0087DC"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg/120px-Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg/180px-Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg/240px-Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Dominic_Raab_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/Esher_and_Walton" class="mw-redirect" title="Esher and Walton">Esher and Walton</a><br />(born 1974)</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">25 October</span><br />2022 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">21 April</span><br />2023 </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Justice" title="Secretary of State for Justice">Secretary of State for Justice</a></li></ul> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#def;"><a href="/wiki/Sunak_ministry" title="Sunak ministry">Sunak</a> </td></tr> <tr style="height:1em"> <td style="background-color: #0087DC"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Oliver_Dowden_MP_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Oliver_Dowden_MP_crop_2.jpg/120px-Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Oliver_Dowden_MP_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Oliver_Dowden_MP_crop_2.jpg/180px-Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Oliver_Dowden_MP_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Oliver_Dowden_MP_crop_2.jpg/240px-Official_portrait_of_Rt_Hon_Oliver_Dowden_MP_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Oliver Dowden</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/Hertsmere_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hertsmere (UK Parliament constituency)">Hertsmere</a><br />(born 1978)</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">21 April</span><br />2023 </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">5 July</span><br />2024 </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_in_the_Cabinet_Office" title="Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office">Secretary of State in the Cabinet Office</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr style="height:1em"> <td style="background-color: #E4003B"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP_crop_2,_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/120px-Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/180px-Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg/240px-Official_portrait_of_Angela_Rayner_MP_crop_2%2C_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/Ashton-under-Lyne_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Ashton-under-Lyne (UK Parliament constituency)">Ashton-under-Lyne</a><br />(born 1980)</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">5 July</span><br />2024 </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Housing,_Communities_and_Local_Government" title="Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government">Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="background:#fcc;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> </td> <td style="background:#fcc;"><a href="/wiki/Starmer_ministry" title="Starmer ministry">Starmer</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both Brazier and Norton include Clement Attlee in their lists. However, Hennessy says that Attlee's inclusion in the 1942 minute signed off by The King simply read "Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs" and that it was on separate paper that Winston Churchill wrote "Deputy Prime Minister". Bogdanor similarly asserts that the change was in form rather than fact and that Attlee was never formally appointed deputy prime minister.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In his list of official deputy prime ministers, Brazier includes Geoffrey Howe. However, Norton doesn't in his. Norton explains that Buckingham Palace took issue with appointing Howe "Deputy Prime Minister" and proposed "Sir Geoffrey will act as Deputy Prime Minister". On the other hand, in a 1995 (rather than 2020) publication, Bogdanor asserts that no application to the Palace to appoint Howe deputy prime minister was made at all.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_f5ias92onxhkmtn6bi81nfv9lt3axi0"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" coords="881,80,990,101" title="Angela Rayner" alt="Angela Rayner" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" coords="870,67,978,88" title="Oliver Dowden" alt="Oliver Dowden" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey" coords="820,55,945,75" title="Thérèse Coffey" alt="Thérèse Coffey" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" coords="834,42,937,62" title="Dominic Raab" alt="Dominic Raab" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" coords="602,29,694,49" title="Nick Clegg" alt="Nick Clegg" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/John_Prescott" coords="371,16,479,37" title="John Prescott" alt="John Prescott" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" coords="77,3,208,24" title="Michael Heseltine" alt="Michael Heseltine" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_f5ias92onxhkmtn6bi81nfv9lt3axi0" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/f5ias92onxhkmtn6bi81nfv9lt3axi0.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unofficial_deputies">Unofficial deputies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Unofficial deputies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prime minister's second-in-command has variably served as deputy prime minister, first secretary and <i>de facto</i> deputy and at other times prime ministers have chosen not to select a permanent deputy at all, preferring <i>ad hoc</i> arrangements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020142_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020142-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been suggested that the office of <a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council" title="Lord President of the Council">Lord President of the Council</a> (which comes with leading <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom">precedence</a>) has been intermittently used for deputies in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeldonMeakinThoms2021157_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeldonMeakinThoms2021157-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020144_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020144-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists">Lists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthony_Eden_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Anthony_Eden_%28retouched%29.jpg/220px-Anthony_Eden_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Anthony_Eden_%28retouched%29.jpg/330px-Anthony_Eden_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Anthony_Eden_%28retouched%29.jpg/440px-Anthony_Eden_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Anthony Eden is often described as Winston Churchill's deputy, though his appointment as deputy prime minister in 1951 was actually rejected by <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">the King</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Picking out definitive deputies to the prime minister has been described as a highly problematic task.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017517_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017517-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bogdanor, in his 1995 publication <i>The Monarchy and the Constitution</i>, said that the following people had acted as deputy prime ministers (by this he meant they had chaired the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> in the absence of the prime minister and chaired a number of key <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_cabinet_committee" title="United Kingdom cabinet committee">Cabinet Committees</a>):<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199587-88_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199587-88-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Herbert Morrison</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Michael Stewart</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">William Whitelaw</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Geoffrey Howe</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In an academic article first published in 2015, Jonathan Kirkup and Stephen Thornton used five criteria to identify deputies: gazetted or styled in <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Debates_(Hansard)" title="Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)">Hansard</a> as deputy prime minister; 'officially' designated deputy prime minister by the prime minister; widely recognised by their colleagues as deputy prime minister; second in the <a href="/wiki/Ministerial_ranking" title="Ministerial ranking">ministerial ranking</a>; and chaired the Cabinet or took <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Questions" title="Prime Minister's Questions">Prime Minister's Questions</a> in the prime minister's absence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017495_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017495-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They said that the following people have the best claim to the position of deputy to the prime minister:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017517_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017517-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Clement Attlee </td></tr> <tr> <td>Herbert Morrison </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anthony Eden </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rab Butler </td></tr> <tr> <td>George Brown </td></tr> <tr> <td>Michael Stewart </td></tr> <tr> <td>Willie Whitelaw </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geoffrey Howe </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>They also said that the following three people would have a reasonable claim:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017517_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017517-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Bonar Law</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Edward Short</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Brazier has listed the following ministers as unambiguously deputy to or <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> deputies of the prime minister:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier202080-82_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier202080-82-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Clement Attlee </td> <td><small>1940–1945</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anthony Eden </td> <td><small>1945</small><br /><small>1951–1955</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rab Butler </td> <td><small>1955–1963</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>George Brown </td> <td><small>1964–1970</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reginald Maudling </td> <td><small>1970–1972</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Willie Whitelaw </td> <td><small>1979–1988</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geoffrey Howe </td> <td><small>1989–1990</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Michael Heseltine </td> <td><small>1995–1997</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Prescott </td> <td><small>1997–2007</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nick Clegg </td> <td><small>2010–2015</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">George Osborne</a> </td> <td><small>2015–2016</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Damian_Green" title="Damian Green">Damian Green</a> </td> <td><small>2017</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Lidington" title="David Lidington">David Lidington</a> </td> <td><small>2018–2019</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> </td> <td><small>2019–2022</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Lord_Norton_of_Louth" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Norton of Louth">Lord Norton of Louth</a> has listed the following people as serving as deputy prime minister, but not being formally styled as such:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020143_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020143-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Herbert Morrison </td> <td><small>1945–1951</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anthony Eden </td> <td><small>1951–1955</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rab Butler </td> <td><small>1962–1963</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Willie Whitelaw </td> <td><small>1979–1988</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geoffrey Howe </td> <td><small>1989–1990</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>David Lidington </td> <td><small>2018–2019</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_State" title="First Secretary of State">First Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainer/deputy-prime-minister-first-secretary-state">"The deputy prime minister and first secretary of state"</a>. <i>Institute for Government</i>. 4 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Is+Boris+Johnson+running+the+country%3F&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2F37086680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/statement-from-downing-street-6-april-2020">"Statement from Downing Street: 6 April 2020"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gov.uk" title="Gov.uk">gov.uk</a></i>. 6 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+for+Government&rft.atitle=Government+ministers&rft.date=2021-04-08&rft.aulast=Britchfield&rft.aufirst=Colm&rft.au=Devine%2C+Dan&rft.au=Durrant%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instituteforgovernment.org.uk%2Fexplainers%2Fgovernment-ministers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier202077-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier202077_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrazier2020">Brazier 2020</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020143-144-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020143-144_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorton2020">Norton 2020</a>, p. 143-144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeldonMeakinThoms2021157-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeldonMeakinThoms2021157_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeldonMeakinThoms2021">Seldon, Meakin & Thoms 2021</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020144-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020144_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorton2020">Norton 2020</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017517-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017517_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017517_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017517_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirkupThornton2017">Kirkup & Thornton 2017</a>, p. 517.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199587-88-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBogdanor199587-88_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBogdanor1995">Bogdanor 1995</a>, p. 87-88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017495-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirkupThornton2017495_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirkupThornton2017">Kirkup & Thornton 2017</a>, p. 495.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrazier202080-82-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrazier202080-82_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrazier2020">Brazier 2020</a>, p. 80-82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton2020143-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton2020143_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorton2020">Norton 2020</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrazier1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Brazier" title="Rodney Brazier">Brazier, Rodney</a> (1988). "The deputy prime minister". <i><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_(journal)" title="Public Law (journal)">Public Law</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Law&rft.atitle=The+deputy+prime+minister&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Brazier&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span> pp 176–192.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrazier2020" class="citation book cs1">Brazier, Rodney (2020). <i>Choosing a Prime Minister: The Transfer of Power in Britain</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Choosing+a+Prime+Minister%3A+The+Transfer+of+Power+in+Britain&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Brazier&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogdanor1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Bogdanor" title="Vernon Bogdanor">Bogdanor, Vernon</a> (1995). <i>The Monarchy and the Constitution</i>. <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monarchy+and+the+Constitution&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Bogdanor&rft.aufirst=Vernon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHennessy1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hennessy" title="Peter Hennessy">Hennessy, Peter</a> (1995). <i>The Hidden Wiring: Unearthing the British Constitution</i>. Indigo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hidden+Wiring%3A+Unearthing+the+British+Constitution&rft.pub=Indigo&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Hennessy&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkupThornton2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kirkup, Jonathan; Thornton, Stephen (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/bp.2015.42">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Everyone needs a Willie': The elusive position of deputy to the British prime minister"</a>. <i>British Politics</i>. <b>12</b> (4): 492–520. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fbp.2015.42">10.1057/bp.2015.42</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:156861636">156861636</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Politics&rft.atitle=%27Everyone+needs+a+Willie%27%3A+The+elusive+position+of+deputy+to+the+British+prime+minister&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=492-520&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fbp.2015.42&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A156861636%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kirkup&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Thornton%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1057%2Fbp.2015.42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton2016" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Norton,_Baron_Norton_of_Louth" title="Philip Norton, Baron Norton of Louth">Norton, Philip</a> (2016). "A temporary occupant of No.10? Prime Ministerial succession in the event of the death of the incumbent". <i><a href="/wiki/Public_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Law">Public Law</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Law&rft.atitle=A+temporary+occupant+of+No.10%3F+Prime+Ministerial+succession+in+the+event+of+the+death+of+the+incumbent&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton2020" class="citation book cs1">Norton, Philip (2020). <i>Governing Britain: Parliament, Ministers and Our Ambiguous Constitution</i>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governing+Britain%3A+Parliament%2C+Ministers+and+Our+Ambiguous+Constitution&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeldonMeakinThoms2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Seldon" title="Anthony Seldon">Seldon, Anthony</a>; Meakin, Jonathan; Thoms, Illias (2021). <i>The Impossible Office? The History of the British Prime Minister</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Impossible+Office%3F+The+History+of+the+British+Prime+Minister&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Seldon&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Meakin%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Thoms%2C+Illias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVennard2008" class="citation journal cs1">Vennard, Andrew (2008). "Prime Ministerial succession". <i><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_(journal)" title="Public Law (journal)">Public Law</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Law&rft.atitle=Prime+Ministerial+succession&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Vennard&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeputy+Prime+Minister+of+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barnes, S. "What About Me? Deputy Prime Ministership in New Zealand." <i>Political Science</i> 61#1 (2009): 33–49. doi:10.1177/00323187090610010401.</li> <li>Blick, A., and G. Jones. <i>Premiership: The Development, Nature and Power of the Office of the British Prime Minister</i> (Imprint Academic, 2010).</li> <li>Gay, O. <i>The Office of Deputy Prime Minister</i> (Parliament and Constitution Centre, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/briefing-papers/SN04023/the-office-of-deputyprime-minister">online</a>.</li> <li>McKinstry, L. <i>Attlee and Churchill: Allies in War, Adversaries in Peace</i> (Atlantic, 2019).</li> <li>Machaliński, Zbigniew. "Activity of Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Treasury in Years 1935–1939." <i>Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość</i> 16 (2019): 79–96, in Poland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ceon.element-e783b48c-63f0-30bd-85a2-4795f50822bb/c/pdf-01.3001.0014.2515.pdf">onlinr</a></li> <li>Spark, Ceridwen, and Jack Corbett. "Fiamē Naomi Mata 'afa: Sāmoa's First Female Deputy Prime Minister." <i>The Journal of Pacific History</i> 55.4 (2020): 453–474.</li> <li>Thomas, T. L., and Law Enforcement. "Anatoliy Sergeerich Kulikov: Policeman, Power Minister, Deputy Prime Minister Politician?." in <i>Low Intensity Conflict and Law Enforcement</i> (1998): 149–178. in Russia. see <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Kulikov" title="Anatoly Kulikov">Anatoly Kulikov</a></li> <li>Thornton, Stephen. "The brace of the Cabinet: the legacy of Clement Attlee as deputy prime minister," <i>Contemporary British History</i>, (2024) 1–24; in UK 1940–45. DOI: 10.1080/13619462.2024.2305459</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deputy prime ministers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formally titled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a> (1995–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a> (1997–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a> (2010–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> (2021–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Coffey" title="Thérèse Coffey">Thérèse Coffey</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> (2022–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Dowden" title="Oliver Dowden">Oliver Dowden</a> (2023–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others fitting definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a> (1940–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> (1951–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">Rab Butler</a> (1955–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a> (1964–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Maudling" title="Reginald Maudling">Reginald Maudling</a> (1970–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">William Whitelaw</a> (1979–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Howe" title="Geoffrey Howe">Geoffrey Howe</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Osborne" title="George Osborne">George Osborne</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damian_Green" title="Damian Green">Damian Green</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lidington" title="David Lidington">David Lidington</a> (2018–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Raab" title="Dominic Raab">Dominic Raab</a> (2019–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Downing_Street" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Downing_Street" title="Template:Downing Street"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Downing_Street" title="Template talk:Downing Street"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Downing_Street" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Downing Street"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Downing_Street" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street" title="Downing Street">Downing Street</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9_Downing_Street" title="9 Downing Street">9 Downing Street</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip#United_Kingdom" title="Chief Whip">Chief Whip's Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_Downing_Street" title="11 Downing Street">11 Downing Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Downing_Street" title="12 Downing Street">12 Downing Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council Office (United Kingdom)">Privy Council Office</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downing_Street.001_-_London.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Downing_Street.001_-_London.JPG/80px-Downing_Street.001_-_London.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Downing_Street.001_-_London.JPG/120px-Downing_Street.001_-_London.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Downing_Street.001_-_London.JPG/160px-Downing_Street.001_-_London.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downing_Street_(18423529009).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Downing_Street_%2818423529009%29.jpg/80px-Downing_Street_%2818423529009%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Downing_Street_%2818423529009%29.jpg/120px-Downing_Street_%2818423529009%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Downing_Street_%2818423529009%29.jpg/160px-Downing_Street_%2818423529009%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Treasury" title="First Lord of the Treasury">First Lord of the Treasury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Second Lord of the Treasury (Chancellor of the Exchequer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury">Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip#United_Kingdom" title="Chief Whip">Government Chief Whip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Mouser_to_the_Cabinet_Office" title="Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office">Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Prime Minister's Office (United Kingdom)">Prime Minister's Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Private_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Principal Private Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Private_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister">Parliamentary Private Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Political Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Political Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_Chief_of_Staff" title="Downing Street Chief of Staff">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_Director_of_Communications" title="Downing Street Director of Communications">Director of Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_Press_Secretary" title="Downing Street Press Secretary">Press Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_10_Policy_Unit" title="Number 10 Policy Unit">Director of Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Official_Spokesperson_(UK)" title="Prime Minister's Official Spokesperson (UK)">Official Spokesperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_Christmas_Tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Downing Street Christmas Tree">Downing Street Christmas Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministerial_Broadcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministerial Broadcast">Ministerial Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_10_Policy_Unit" title="Number 10 Policy Unit">Number 10 Policy Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_New_Year_Message" title="Prime Minister's New Year Message">Prime Minister's New Year Message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_Press_Briefing_Room" title="Downing Street Press Briefing Room">Press Briefing Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partygate" title="Partygate">Partygate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Portrait of Margaret Thatcher">Portrait of Margaret Thatcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1259074177">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1259074177</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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