شعر جهان: شاعران جهان: هنر شعر

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href="/view/fa/magazine/404/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" class="">مشخصات مجله</a> </div> <div class="numberlist-title active">آرشیو شماره ها (20)</div> <div id="magazineNumberListAccordion"><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="magazine-number-list-header" id="heading1389"><h4><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#magazineNumberListAccordion" href="#collapse1389"class="collapsed">1389<span class="fa pull-left"></span></a></h4></div><div id="collapse1389" class="panel-collapse collapse magazine-number-list-body"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a title="خرداد 1389 - شماره 23 و 24 (23)" data-id='49097' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/49097">خرداد 1389 - شماره 23 و 24</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="magazine-number-list-header" id="heading1388"><h4><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#magazineNumberListAccordion" href="#collapse1388"class="collapsed">1388<span class="fa pull-left"></span></a></h4></div><div id="collapse1388" class="panel-collapse collapse magazine-number-list-body"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a title="اسفند 1388 - شماره 21 و 22 (21)" data-id='49096' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/49096">اسفند 1388 - شماره 21 و 22</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="magazine-number-list-header" id="heading1387"><h4><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#magazineNumberListAccordion" href="#collapse1387"class="collapsed">1387<span class="fa pull-left"></span></a></h4></div><div id="collapse1387" class="panel-collapse collapse magazine-number-list-body"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a title="بهمن 1387 - شماره 19 و 20 (19)" data-id='23587' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/23587">بهمن 1387 - شماره 19 و 20</a></li><li><a title="شهریور 1387 - شماره 18 (18)" data-id='17232' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/17232">شهریور 1387 - شماره 18</a></li><li><a title="خرداد 1387 - شماره 17 (17)" data-id='17322' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/17322">خرداد 1387 - شماره 17</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="magazine-number-list-header" id="heading1386"><h4><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#magazineNumberListAccordion" href="#collapse1386"class="collapsed">1386<span class="fa pull-left"></span></a></h4></div><div id="collapse1386" class="panel-collapse collapse magazine-number-list-body"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a title="تابستان 1386 - شماره 16 (16)" data-id='15298' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/15298">تابستان 1386 - شماره 16</a></li><li><a title="بهار 1386 - شماره 15 (15)" data-id='17231' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/17231">بهار 1386 - شماره 15</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="magazine-number-list-header" id="heading1385"><h4><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#magazineNumberListAccordion" href="#collapse1385"class="collapsed">1385<span class="fa pull-left"></span></a></h4></div><div id="collapse1385" class="panel-collapse collapse magazine-number-list-body"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a title="پاییز و زمستان 1385 - شماره 13 و 14 (ویژه نامه/ جلد 2) (13)" data-id='15297' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/15297">پاییز و زمستان 1385 - شماره 13 و 14 (ویژه نامه/ جلد 2)</a></li><li><a title="بهار و تابستان 1385 - شماره 11 و 12 (11)" data-id='15296' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/15296">بهار و تابستان 1385 - شماره 11 و 12</a></li><li><a title="بهار و تابستان 1385 - شماره 11 و 12 (ویژه نامه/ جلد 2) (-11)" data-id='14767' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/14767">بهار و تابستان 1385 - شماره 11 و 12 (ویژه نامه/ جلد 2)</a></li><li><a title="پاییز و زمستان 1385 - شماره 13 و 14 (ویژه نامه/ جلد 1) (-13)" data-id='17230' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/17230">پاییز و زمستان 1385 - شماره 13 و 14 (ویژه نامه/ جلد 1)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="magazine-number-list-header" id="heading1384"><h4><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#magazineNumberListAccordion" href="#collapse1384"class="collapsed">1384<span class="fa pull-left"></span></a></h4></div><div id="collapse1384" class="panel-collapse collapse magazine-number-list-body"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a title="پاییز و زمستان 1384 - شماره 9 و 10 (ویژه نامه/ جلد 1) (9)" data-id='15266' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/15266">پاییز و زمستان 1384 - شماره 9 و 10 (ویژه نامه/ جلد 1)</a></li><li><a title="بهار و تابستان 1384 - شماره 7 و 8 (7)" data-id='27308' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/27308">بهار و تابستان 1384 - شماره 7 و 8</a></li><li><a title="پاییز و زمستان 1384 - شماره 9 و 10 (ویژه نامه/ جلد 2) (-9)" data-id='15267' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/15267">پاییز و زمستان 1384 - شماره 9 و 10 (ویژه نامه/ جلد 2)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="magazine-number-list-header" id="heading1383"><h4><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#magazineNumberListAccordion" href="#collapse1383"class="active">1383<span class="fa pull-left"></span></a></h4></div><div id="collapse1383" class="panel-collapse collapse in magazine-number-list-body"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a title="زمستان 1383 - شماره 6 (6)" data-id='27309' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/27309">زمستان 1383 - شماره 6</a></li><li><a title="پاییز 1383 - شماره 5 (5)" data-id='49890' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/49890">پاییز 1383 - شماره 5</a></li><li><a title="تابستان 1383 - شماره 4 (4)" class="active" data-id='33645' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/33645">تابستان 1383 - شماره 4</a></li><li><a title="بهار 1383 - شماره 3 (3)" data-id='33494' href="/view/fa/magazine/number/33494">بهار 1383 - شماره 3</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="panel panel-default"><div class="magazine-number-list-header" id="heading1382"><h4><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#magazineNumberListAccordion" href="#collapse1382"class="collapsed">1382<span class="fa pull-left"></span></a></h4></div><div id="collapse1382" class="panel-collapse collapse magazine-number-list-body"><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a title="زمستان 1382 - شماره 2 (2)" data-id='33493' 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article-type ">賲賯丕賱賴</span> </h1> </a> <div class="btn-group article-navigator"> <span class="text-left pull-left" id="favorite" data-nm-controller="ArticleFavoriteController"> <button aria-label="Add to favorite" onclick="gase('Favorite', 'Add', 'Article')" data-ajax-block="true" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="علاقه مندی ها" data-favorite-btn class="btn btn-default disabled" type="button"> <i class="fa fa-star-o"></i> </button> </span> <a aria-label="Next Article" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="مقاله بعد" id="btn-article-next" class="btn btn-default hidden-xs text-left pull-left" href="/view/fa/articlepage/626812/yves-bonnefoy-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i> </a> <a aria-label="Previous Article" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" title="مقاله قبل" id="btn-article-prev" class="btn btn-default hidden-xs text-left pull-left" href="/view/fa/articlepage/626810/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-24 col-lg-12 article-creator-wrapper"> <p class="article-creator"> <span>مترجم</span>: <span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a itemprop="url" href="/view/fa/creator/197797/%D8%AD%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C"> <span itemprop="name">احمدی، حمید</span> </a>؛ </span> </p> <div class="mag-info" property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue"> <p> <a href="/view/fa/magazine/number/33645" itemprop="datePublished" content="2004-06-21"> گوهران تابستان 1383 - شماره 4 </a> <span>(&lrm;8 صفحه -</span> <span> از 182 تا 189 </span> ) </p> </div> <div class="hidden"> <span itemprop="headline">مطلب زیر ترجمه‌ی بخش اول مبحث شعر مندرج در دایرة المعارف امریکانا است.این مقاله صفحات 277 تا 279 از جلد 22 دای</span> <span itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"> <a href="/view/fa/publisher/0"> <span itemprop="name"></span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="keyword-list-wrapper"> <p class="keyword-list"> <span class="text-sm">کلیدواژه ها</span>: <span class="keyword-type-icon" title="تولید شده توسط هوش مصنوعی"><i class="fa fa-gear"></i></span> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs keyword-item" href="/view/fa/keyword/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1"><span>شعر</span></a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs keyword-item" href="/view/fa/keyword/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1"><span>شاعر</span></a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs keyword-item" href="/view/fa/keyword/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9"><span>مصراع</span></a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs keyword-item" href="/view/fa/keyword/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%87"><span>قافیه</span></a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs keyword-item" href="/view/fa/keyword/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86"><span>وزن</span></a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs keyword-item" href="/view/fa/keyword/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1"><span>تصاویر</span></a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs keyword-item" href="/view/fa/keyword/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86"><span>زبان</span></a> <a class="btn btn-default btn-xs keyword-item" href="/view/fa/keyword/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86"><span>موزون</span></a> </p> </div> </div>  <div id="articleRelatedItemButtons" class="col-sm-24 col-lg-12 text-left"> <div> <button onclick="gase('ExpandList', 'KeywordAbstract', 'ArticlePage');" id="option-abstract-keywords" class="btn btn-default btn-xs active" data-href="#abstract-keywords-pills"> چکیده </button> <button onclick="gase('ExpandList', 'SimilarArticle', 'ArticlePage');" id="option-similar-article" class="btn btn-default btn-xs " data-href="#similar-pills"> مقالات مرتبط </button> <button onclick="gase('ExpandList', 'SeeAlso', 'ArticlePage');" id="option-see-also" class="btn btn-default btn-xs " data-href="#see-also-pills"> پیشنهاد دیگران </button> <button onclick="gase('ExpandList', 'Hadith', 'ArticlePage');" id="option-hadith" class="btn btn-default btn-xs disabled" data-href="#hadith-pills"> احادیث </button> <button onclick="gase('ExpandList', 'Reference', 'ArticlePage');" id="option-reference" class="btn btn-default btn-xs disabled" data-href="#reference-pills"> مراجع </button> <button onclick="gase('ExpandList', 'Cite', 'ArticlePage');" id="option-cite" class="btn btn-default btn-xs disabled" data-href="#cites-pills"> استنادات </button> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="col-xs-24 col-related">  <div class="tab-content" id="articleRelatedItemContents"> <div id="abstract-keywords-pills" class="tab-pane panel panel-default active"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-20 col-sm-offset-2 text-justify"> <div class="delimiter-md"></div> <b>چکیده:</b> <p id="abstractfa" property="description" class="p-summary "> مطلب زیر ترجمه‌ی بخش اول مبحث شعر مندرج در دایرة المعارف امریکانا است.این مقاله صفحات 277 تا 279 از جلد 22 دایرة المعارف یادشده را به خود اختصاص داده است.مشخصات کامل منبع اثر در زیر به آگاهی خوانندگان ارجمند می‌رسد. </p> <b>خلاصه ماشینی:</b> <p property="description" class="p-summary-m"> "HUGH HOLMAN Author of"A Handbook to Literature" شعر اصطلاحی است برای انواع ادبی بسیاری که انسان از راه آن‌ها تخیلی‌ترین و ژرف‌ترین ادراکاتش‌ را درباره‌ی خود و جهانش به نحو موزون بیان کرده است.
بالاد بدل‌های ادبی بسیاری داشته است؛ اما در شکل اصلی‌اش شعر عامیانه‌ (folk poetry) ای است که متکی است بر گفت‌وگو،قالب‌های بندی‌ (stanzaic patterns) ساده و تکرار به لحاظ تأثیری که این عامل دارد.
هرچند شعر غنایی معمولا درونی و دارای شوری عاطفی است که گاهی تا حد جنون شدت می‌گیرد،با این حال‌ در دوران‌های مختلف،شاعران گوناگونی آن را برای مقاصد بسیار مختلفی به کار برده‌اند.
قافیه‌ها معمولا با حروف نشان داده می‌شوند،چنان‌که در مورد غزلواره انگلیسی(شکسپیری)می‌گویند که طرح‌ قافیه‌ای چنین دارد: abab cdcd efef hh بند (stanza) یکی از عوامل مهم شکل در شعر،گروهی متشکل از دو یا چند مصراع از یک شعر است که‌ طول،بحر و معمولا طرح قافیه‌ی یک‌سانی دارند.
بنابراین،شعر در بحر مثلث آیمبیک سروده‌ شده است و تقطیع مصراعی از آن به قرار زیر است: Her hardest hue to hold اما تغییرات و تنوعاتی در این قالب رخ می‌دهد.
مصراع‌ها به وسیله‌ی قافیه‌ها به هم متصل‌اند: gold,hold;flower,hour;leaf,grief;day,stay (طرح قافیه: aabbccdd )و همه‌ی آنها قافیه‌های سالم‌ (true rhymes) هستند،یعنی اصوات مصوت‌ و صامت پایانی که بیت‌ها (couplets) ی مثلث آیمبیک می‌سازند،به‌طور کامل تکرار می‌شوند.
این شعر اندیشه‌ای را بیان‌ می‌کند،اما اندیشه‌ای را که به طرزی جدایی‌ناپذیر با احساس غبن و حسرت گذشته مربوط است؛شعر مورد بحث،هم‌چنین،این فهم را عرضه می‌دارد که این فرایند گریزناپذیر ضروری است-که برگ طلایی‌ باید در برگ سبز فرونشیند-هرچند از دست دادن طلایی می‌تواند بسیار تأسف‌بار باشد."
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