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<input class="searchbox" id="searchbox" name="query" type="text" value="Search" /> <input class="searchbutton" type="submit" value=""/> </form></div> </div> </div> </div>  </header>   <main id="main" class="main layout-main clearfix"> <div id="content" tabindex="-1" class="layout-content"> <div id="content-inner" class="inner column center"> <div id="content-area"> <div class="longpage-main"> <div class="masthead-wrap clearfix"> <div class="masthead"> <div class="masthead-header"> <h1 class="title" style="top: 0; left: 0; width: 400;"> The Historic Deal that Will Prevent Iran from Acquiring a Nuclear Weapon </h1> <h2 class="subtitle">How the U.S. and the international community will block all of Iran’s pathways to a nuclear weapon</h2> </div> <span class="masthead-images clearfix" data-picture data-alt=""> <span id="load" class="masthead-images-anchor"></span> <span data-src="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/historic_iran-deal_header_mobile_3.png"></span> <span 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last"><a href="#section-world-support">World Support</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="longpage-nav-aside"> <div class="longpage-nav-top-link"><a class="go-to-top" href="#">Go To Top</a></div> <ul class="longpage-nav-social-media-links"> <li><a href="http://www.facebook.com/WhiteHouse" class="facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.twitter.com/ObamaWhiteHouse" class="twitter">Twitter</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </section> <div class="longpage-body"> <div class="longpage-sections"> <div id="section-343146" class="longpage-section longpage-section-basic layout-right-media clearfix"> <div class="longpage-section-wrapper"> <a class="section-anchor" name="section-"></a> <h2 class="section-title">Iran Deal Watch Live</h2> <div class="section-body"> <p> <style type="text/css"> .masthead-wrap .masthead { padding-top: 0px; } .masthead-wrap .masthead-images { margin-bottom: -5px; } .masthead-wrap { background-color: #002654 !important; background-image: none !important; } .longpage-main h1.title { display: none; padding-bottom: 30px; font-weight: 300; font-size: 52px; } h2.subtitle { display: none; font-size: 20px !Important; margin-top: -30px !important; font-family: hoefler, georgia, serif; } #section-343146 h2.section-title { display: none; } /*.masthead-header .subtitle p { max-width: 700px; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: #996699; font-size: 20px; line-height: 33px; margin: 0 auto 16px auto; }*/ h3, h4.blue { color: #003366 !Important; font-weight: 600 !important; } .longpage-main p { font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px; margin-bottom: 10px; } .serif2 { font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 10px; } .longpage-main .longpage-body ol li, .longpage-main .longpage-body ul li { color: #333 !important; } .longpage-nav-wrapper { border-top: 5px solid #D73125; } @media (max-width: 300px) { .serif { width: 300px !important; } } .intro-section img, .intro-section iframe { float: left; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; } .videoWrapper { position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; /* 16:9 */ padding-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 20px; height: 0; } .videoWrapper iframe { position: absolute; top: 25; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .thework { margin: 12px 0; display: inline-block; font-size: 0; vertical-align: top; } .thework.three { width: 33%; } .thework.two { width: 49%; } .thework .image-wrapper { width: 100%; height: 0; padding-top: 56.25%; position: relative; text-align: center; } .thework .image-wrapper iframe { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .thework .image-caption { padding-right: 12px; padding-top: 16px; } .thework .image-caption h5 { font-size: 18px; min-height: 46px; } .thework .image-caption h5 small { text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; } .thework .image-caption p { font-size: 15px; } @media screen and (max-width: 700px) { .thework.two { width: 100%; } } </style> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <h2 style="width:100%"> Implementation Day</h2> <div style="width:100%;float:left;"> <p><strong>Watch the President's remarks on the impact of U.S. leadership in Iran:</strong></p> <div class="videoWrapper"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KqCswpINDTA?version=3&autoplay=0;showinfo=0&hl=en_US;" width="560"></iframe></div>  </div> <p> </p> <div style="width:100%;float:left;"> <div class="serif2">  <div class="clearfix" style="width:100%;float:left;"> <h4 class="blue"> On January 16, 2016, the International Atomic Energy Agency verified that Iran has completed the necessary steps under the Iran deal that will ensure Iran's nuclear program is and remains exclusively peaceful.</h4> </div> <p>Before this agreement, Iran's breakout time -- or the time it would have taken for Iran to gather enough fissile material to build a weapon -- was only two to three months. Today, because of the Iran deal, it would take Iran 12 months or more. And with the unprecedented monitoring and access this deal puts in place, if Iran tries, we will know and sanctions will snap back into place.</p> <p>Here's how we got to this point. Since October, Iran has:</p> <ul> <li> Shipped 25,000 pounds of enriched uranium out of the country</li> <li> Dismantled and removed two-thirds of its centrifuges</li> <li> Removed the calandria from its heavy water reactor and filled it with concrete</li> <li> Provided unprecedented access to its nuclear facilities and supply chain</li> </ul> <p>Because Iran has completed these steps, the U.S. and international community can begin the next phase under the JCPOA, which means the U.S. will begin lifting its nuclear-related sanctions on Iran. However, a number of U.S. sanctions authorities and designations will continue to remain in place.</p> <p><img alt="Sanctions" src="/sites/default/files/infographic/irandeal_sanctionslist_1200.jpg" style="width: 100%;" /></p> <p><strong><a href="/sites/default/files/docs/jcpoa_what_you_need_to_know.pdf">Learn more about the sanctions that remain in place on Iran here.</a></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><a class="btn btn-white" href="https://medium.com/the-iran-deal" style="color:#336699;" target="_blank">Read the Deal</a> <a class="btn btn-white" href="http://go.wh.gov/JCPOA" style="color:#336699;" target="_blank">What You Need To Know (PDF)</a></p> <a name="facts"></a></div> </div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="section-343931" class="longpage-section longpage-section-basic layout-right-media clearfix"> <div class="longpage-section-wrapper"> <a class="section-anchor" name="section-facts"></a> <h2 class="section-title">Read the Iran Deal facts:</h2> <div class="section-body"> <script type="text/javascript"> // Manually activate correct menu tab $(".blocky-nav div:nth-child(3)").addClass("blocky-active"); $(document).ready(function(){ $('.show-hide').hide(); $('.toggle-text').click(function(){ $(this).next('.question-text').toggleClass('show-less'); $(this).next('.show-hide').slideToggle('fast'); return true; }); $('#htab2').addClass('active'); }); function expandSchools(){ document.getElementById("transcript").click(); } function expandTeachers(){ document.getElementById("for-teachers").click(); } function expandStudents(){ document.getElementById("for-students").click(); } </script> <p> </p> <p> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.2.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> </p> <div class="toggle-text faq-question" id="transcript"> <div class="question-text show-more"> <h3 style="color:#336699; border-bottom:none;"><i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-down" style="color:#336699;"></i>   "Will Iran be able to inspect its own nuclear facilities?</h3> </div> </div> <div class="faq-answer show-hide clearfix"> <div class="edu-section" style="min-height: 135px;"> <div class="serif2 edu-section-inner"> <br /> <h4 class="blue"> No. There is no “self-inspection” of Iranian facilities, and the IAEA has in no way given responsibility for nuclear inspections to Iran. Not now and certainly not in the future.</h4> <p>That is not how the IAEA does business. As IAEA Director General Amano noted, the arrangements between the IAEA and Iran are technically sound and consistent with the Agency’s long-established practice. They do not compromise the IAEA’s safeguards standards in any way. As we have said before—and as we briefed Congress fully in classified settings—the U.S. government’s nuclear experts are confident in the Agency’s technical plans for investigating the possible military dimensions (PMD) of Iran’s former program. Iran will not get additional sanctions relief until the IAEA verifies that Iran has completed its nuclear steps, including those related to PMD.</p> <p><strong>And let’s be clear—this issue is one of past behavior.</strong> The United States has already made our judgment about the past. We are focused on moving forward, in which we will rely on the unprecedented robust monitoring, verification, and transparency measures ever negotiated so we will know that any activities that caused us concern have been stopped. Most importantly, we can snap sanctions back into place if Iran blocks inspections from taking place going forward.</p> <br /> <p><b>Got more questions? </b></p> <p><a class="btn btn-white" href="/issues/foreign-policy/iran-deal/q-and-a" style="color:#336699;">Get the FAQs on the Iran Deal</a></p> </div> </div> </div>  <style type="text/css"> div#section-343731 h2.section-title { display: none; } div#section-343731 h2 { cursor: pointer; } .longpage-section:first-child { background-color: #edf2f6; margin-top: -42px; }</style> </div> </div> </div> <div id="section-343151" class="longpage-section longpage-section-basic layout-right-media clearfix"> <div class="longpage-section-wrapper"> <a class="section-anchor" name="section-"></a> <h2 class="section-title">The Iran Deal blocks the four pathways to a nuclear weapon.</h2> <div class="section-body"> <div style="margin-right:150px;" class="clearfix"> <h4 class="blue"> Building a nuclear bomb requires either uranium or plutonium, but thanks to this deal, Iran’s four possible ways to leverage those fissile materials are blocked.</h4> </div> <div style="width:100%;"> <div class="socialimage"> <img alt="Under the framework for an Iran nuclear deal Iran's uranium enrichment pathway to a weapon will be shut down" src="/sites/default/files/image/iranDeal_graphics_1_pathways.jpg"> </div> <div class="serif2"><b>Let's look into Uranium:</b><br/>Iran would need two key elements to construct a uranium bomb: enough highly enriched uranium to produce enough material to construct a uranium bomb and tens of thousands of centrifuges. </div> <div class="serif2">Currently, Iran has a uranium stockpile to create 8 to ten nuclear bombs. But thanks to this nuclear deal, Iran must reduce its stockpile of uranium by 98%, and will keep its level of uranium enrichment at 3.67% — significantly below the enrichment level needed to create a bomb.</div> </div> <div style="width:85%;float:left;"> <div class="serif2">Iran also needs tens of thousands of centrifuges to create highly enriched uranium for a bomb. Right now, Iran has nearly 20,000 centrifuges between their Natanz and Fordow uranium enrichment facilities. But under this deal, Iran must reduce its centrifuges to 6,104 for the next ten years. No enrichment will be allowed at the Fordow facility at all, and the only centrifuges Iran will be allowed to use are their oldest and least efficient models.</div> <div class="serif2"> <b>In short, here’s the difference this historic deal will make:</b></div> <div class="thework"> <div class="image wrapper"> <img alt="Under the framework for an Iran nuclear deal Iran's uranium enrichment pathway to a weapon will be shut down" src="/sites/default/files/image/iranDeal_graphics_4_dealorNoDeal.jpg" style="width:952px;" /></div> </div> <div class="serif2"> <b>Let's look into Plutonium:</b><br/>The third way Iran could build a nuclear weapon is by using weapons-grade plutonium. The only site where Iran could accomplish this is the Arak reactor, a heavy-water nuclear reactor. Right now, this reactor could be used in a weapons program, but under this deal, the Arak reactor will be redesigned so it cannot produce any weapons-grade plutonium. And all the spent fuel rods (which could also be source material for weapons-grade plutonium) will be sent out of the country as long as this reactor exists. What’s more, Iran will not be able to build a single heavy-water reactor for at least 15 years. <b>That means, because of this deal, Iran will no longer have a source for weapons-grade plutonium.</b></div> <div class="serif2"> <h4 class="blue"> Could there be a covert pathway to Iran building a secret nuclear program?</h4> </div> <div class="serif2"> The previous three pathways occur at facilities that Iran has declared, but what if they try to build a nuclear program in secret? That’s why this deal is so important. Under the new nuclear deal, Iran has committed to extraordinary and robust monitoring, verification, and inspection. International inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will not only be continuously monitoring every element of Iran’s declared nuclear program, but they will also be verifying that no fissile material is covertly carted off to a secret location to build a bomb. And if IAEA inspectors become aware of a suspicious location, Iran has agreed to implement the Additional Protocol to their IAEA Safeguards Agreement, which will allow inspectors to access and inspect any site they deem suspicious. Such suspicions can be triggered by holes in the ground that could be uranium mines, intelligence reports, unexplained purchases, or isotope alarms.</div> <div class="serif2"> <b>Basically, from the minute materials that could be used for a weapon comes out of the ground to the minute it is shipped out of the country, the IAEA will have eyes on it and anywhere Iran could try and take it:</b></div> <div class="thework"> <div class="image wrapper"> <img alt="Under the framework for an Iran nuclear deal Iran's uranium enrichment pathway to a weapon will be shut down" src="/sites/default/files/image/iranDeal_graphics_2_IAEAChart.jpg" style="width:952px;" /></div> </div> </div> <p> </p> <style type="text/css"> h3, h4.blue { margin-top: 15px; } .socialimage { float: right; max-width:600px; margin-left:16px; } @media (max-width: 850px) .socialimage { float: left !important; width:100% !important; margin-left:0 !important; } } h2.section-title { border-bottom: none; margin-bottom: -6px; border-top: 3px solid #d9d9d9; padding-top: 32px; } </style> </div> </div> </div> <div id="section-343156" class="longpage-section longpage-section-basic layout-right-media clearfix"> <div class="longpage-section-wrapper"> <a class="section-anchor" name="section-whats-at-stake"></a> <h2 class="section-title">Here's what Iran’s Nuclear Program would look like without this deal:</h2> <div class="section-body"> <div style="width:85%;float:left;"> <div class="serif2"> As it stands today, Iran has a large stockpile of enriched uranium and nearly 20,000 centrifuges, enough to create 8 to 10 bombs. If Iran decided to rush to make a bomb without the deal in place, it would take them 2 to 3 months until they had enough weapon-ready uranium (or highly enriched uranium) to build their first nuclear weapon. Left unchecked, that stockpile and that number of centrifuges would grow exponentially, practically guaranteeing that Iran could create a bomb—and create one quickly – if it so chose.</div> <div class="serif2"> This deal removes the key elements needed to create a bomb and prolongs Iran’s breakout time from 2-3 months to 1 year or more if Iran broke its commitments. Importantly, Iran won’t garner any new sanctions relief until the IAEA confirms that Iran has followed through with its end of the deal. And should Iran violate any aspect of this deal, the U.N., U.S., and E.U. can snap the sanctions that have crippled Iran’s economy back into place.</div> <div class="serif2"> <b>Here’s what Iran has committed to:</b></div> <div class="thework"> <div class="image wrapper"> <img alt="Under the framework for an Iran nuclear deal Iran's uranium enrichment pathway to a weapon will be shut down" src="/sites/default/files/image/iranDeal_graphics_3_justSecured.jpg" style="width:952px;" /></div> </div> </div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="section-346001" class="longpage-section longpage-section-basic layout-right-media clearfix"> <div class="longpage-section-wrapper"> <a class="section-anchor" name="section-read-the-deal"></a> <h2 class="section-title">Read the Iran Deal</h2> <div class="section-body"> <div style="width: 85%; float: left;"> <div class="serif2"> You can read all 159 pages of the Iran nuclear agreement on Medium, featuring additional explanations from the people who negotiated the deal and will be responsible for implementing it. <br> <a href="https://medium.com/the-iran-deal/introduction-fcb13560dfb9"><img class="displayed" src="/sites/default/files/image/page.jpg" width="508" height="390" ></a> </div> <div class="thework"> </div> </div> <p> </p> <style type="text/css"> h3, h4.blue { margin-top: 15px; } IMG.displayed { display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto } </style> </div> </div> </div> <div id="section-346636" class="longpage-section longpage-section-basic layout-right-media clearfix"> <div class="longpage-section-wrapper"> <a class="section-anchor" name="section-world-support"></a> <h2 class="section-title">What the World is Saying about the Iran Deal</h2> <div class="section-body"> <p class="p1">Nuclear physicists, military officials, non-proliferation experts, and more than 100 countries across the globe have all voiced their support for the Iran nuclear deal because it is the best solution available to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon without taking military action. Explore below to see what they’re saying:</p> <p><br /> <iframe frameborder="0" height="600" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=e130d82fcb3d456c91687c46353a6025" width="100%"></iframe></p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="section-347001" class="longpage-section longpage-section-engage clearfix"> <div class="longpage-section-wrapper"> <a class="section-anchor" name="section-"></a> <h2 class="section-title">What Experts and Leaders are Saying</h2> <div id="nq-347001" class="engage-highlights clearfix"> <div class="engage-highlights-container"> <div class="highlight-pair"><div class="engage-highlights-row"><a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/video/colin-powell-on-iran-deal--i-think-it-is-a-good-deal-520273475781" class="highlight-image"><img src="/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/tout_cpowell.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a><h5 class="highlight-title">General Colin Powell, former Secretary of State</h5><div class="highlight-text">“My judgment is that it’s a pretty good deal.”</div></div><div class="engage-highlights-row"><a href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/31/opinions/albright-iran-deal-diplomacy/index.html?sr=twnewday0831albrightirandeal" class="highlight-image"><img src="/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/tout_malbright.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a><h5 class="highlight-title">Madeleine Albright, former Secretary of State</h5><div class="highlight-text">“Rejection of this accord would leave the United States isolated.”</div></div></div><div class="highlight-pair"><div class="engage-highlights-row"><a href="http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/this-is-a-good-deal-2/" class="highlight-image"><img src="/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/tout_mlevine.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a><h5 class="highlight-title">Mel Levine, AIPAC Board Member</h5><div class="highlight-text">"It would be a terrible mistake...for Congress to reject this deal."</div></div><div class="engage-highlights-row"><a href="http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/there-are-no-perfect-nuclear-deals-121810" class="highlight-image"><img src="/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/tout_dlugar.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a><h5 class="highlight-title">Sen. Dick Lugar, former Republican Senator</h5><div class="highlight-text">"This agreement represents our best chance to stop an Iranian bomb without another war in the Middle East."</div></div></div><div class="highlight-pair"><div class="engage-highlights-row"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-iran-deal-an-epochal-moment/2015/08/21/c9c870b4-480f-11e5-8e7d-9c033e6745d8_story.html" class="highlight-image"><img src="/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/tout_bscowcroft.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a><h5 class="highlight-title">Brent Scowcroft, former National Security Advisor to President H.W. Bush</h5><div class="highlight-text">“The Iran deal: An epochal moment that Congress shouldn’t squander”</div></div><div class="engage-highlights-row"><a href="/blog/2015/08/24/one-veterans-perspective-iran-deal" class="highlight-image"><img src="/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/tout_smoulton.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a><h5 class="highlight-title">Congressman Seth Moulton, Iraq war veteran</h5><div class="highlight-text">“We have found the best available option by peaceful means rather than pursuing a worse option through war.”</div></div></div><div class="highlight-pair"><div class="engage-highlights-row"><a href="/blog/2015/09/08/lessons-we-should-learn-iraq-war" class="highlight-image"><img src="/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/tout_mbreen.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a><h5 class="highlight-title">Mike Breen, Iraq war veteran</h5><div class="highlight-text">“Those, like me, who have served, understand all too well the sacrifice that is required when diplomacy is abandoned.”</div></div><div class="engage-highlights-row"><a href="http://www.nationalinterest.org/feature/we-can-verify-deal-13751" class="highlight-image"><img src="/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/tout_dkay.jpg" alt="" title="" /></a><h5 class="highlight-title">David Kay, veteran nuclear inspector</h5><div class="highlight-text">“We can verify this deal.”</div></div></div><div class="highlight-pair"><div class="engage-highlights-row"><h5 class="highlight-title">Heads of State, The U.K., Germany, and France</h5><div class="highlight-text">“The agreement provides the foundation for resolving the conflict on Iran’s nuclear program permanently.”</div></div><div class="engage-highlights-row"><h5 class="highlight-title">U.S. Generals and Admirals, retired</h5><div class="highlight-text">“America and our allies, in the Middle East and around the world, will be safer when this agreement is fully implemented.”</div></div></div><div class="highlight-pair"><div class="engage-highlights-row"><h5 class="highlight-title">U.S. Leading Scientists and Nobel Laureates</h5><div class="highlight-text">“This is an innovative agreement, with much more stringent constraints than any previously negotiated non-proliferation framework.”</div></div><div class="engage-highlights-row"><h5 class="highlight-title">Former U.S. Ambassadors</h5><div class="highlight-text">“The JCPOA deserves Congressional support and the opportunity to show it can work.”</div></div></div><div class="highlight-pair"><div class="engage-highlights-row"><h5 class="highlight-title">American Rabbis</h5><div class="highlight-text">“If Congress ultimately rejects the deal, the consequences for the United States, Israel, the Jewish community and the world will be significant.”</div></div><div class="engage-highlights-row"><h5 class="highlight-title">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Experts</h5><div class="highlight-text">"The JCPOA meets key nonproliferation and security objectives."</div></div></div><div class="highlight-pair"><div class="engage-highlights-row"><h5 class="highlight-title">Former U.S. Ambassadors to Israel</h5><div class="highlight-text">“This landmark agreement removes the threat that a nuclear-armed Iran would pose to the region and to Israel specifically.”</div></div><div class="engage-highlights-row"><h5 class="highlight-title">U.S. National Security Leaders</h5><div class="highlight-text">“A rejection of the agreement could leave the U.S. with the only alternative of having to use military force.”</div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="section-intro"> <style type="text/css"> /* #section-347001 p { font-size: 15px; 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