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Turquia - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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<button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label 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href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&amp;returnto=Turquia" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&amp;returnto=Turquia" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l&#039;edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d&#039;aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Toponímia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponímia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Toponímia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponímia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia_física" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia_física"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografia física</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografia_física-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Política_i_govern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Política_i_govern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Política i govern</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Política_i_govern-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Política i govern</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Política_i_govern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Institucions_de_govern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institucions_de_govern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Institucions de govern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institucions_de_govern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afers_exteriors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afers_exteriors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Afers exteriors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afers_exteriors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisions_administratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions_administratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Divisions administratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisions_administratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia_humana_i_societat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia_humana_i_societat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Geografia humana i societat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia_humana_i_societat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Geografia humana i societat</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia_humana_i_societat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demografia_i_dinàmica_de_població" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia_i_dinàmica_de_població"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Demografia i dinàmica de població</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia_i_dinàmica_de_població-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Distribució_de_la_població_per_edat_i_gènere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribució_de_la_població_per_edat_i_gènere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Distribució de la població per edat i gènere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribució_de_la_població_per_edat_i_gènere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etnografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etnografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Etnografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etnografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Llengua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llengua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Llengua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Llengua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religió" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religió"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Religió</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religió-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Cultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Esports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Esports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Història-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Història</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Història_preturca_d&#039;Anatòlia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història_preturca_d&#039;Anatòlia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Història preturca d'Anatòlia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història_preturca_d&#039;Anatòlia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Els_turcs_i_l&#039;Imperi_Otomà" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Els_turcs_i_l&#039;Imperi_Otomà"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Els turcs i l'Imperi Otomà</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Els_turcs_i_l&#039;Imperi_Otomà-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etapa_republicana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etapa_republicana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Etapa republicana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etapa_republicana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turquia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 330 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-330" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">330 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AC%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%9B%D3%99%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ҭырқәтәыла - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҭырқәтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki" title="Turuki - atjeh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Turuki" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="atjeh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B5" title="Тыркуе - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыркуе" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turkye" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - altaic meridional" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altaic meridional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD" title="ቱርክ - amhàric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱርክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhàric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrcland" title="Tyrcland - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tyrcland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تركيا - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تركيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܛܘܪܩܝܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܪܩܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تركيا - Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تركيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="توركيا - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুৰস্ক - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তুৰস্ক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - atacama" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atacama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka" title="Turka - Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Turka" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiy%C9%99" title="Türkiyə - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkiyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تورکیه - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Төркиә - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркиә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - balinès" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiakei" title="Tiakei - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tiakei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tork%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Torkėjė - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torkėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Турцыя - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Турэччына - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турэччына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teki" title="Teki - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Teki" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="တူရကီခမ်းထီ - Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တူရကီခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুরস্ক - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুরস্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏུར་ཀི། - tibetà" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏུར་ཀི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুরস্ক - Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তুরস্ক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%97" title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨗ - bugui" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugui" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Түрэг Улас - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түрэг Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AB-%C4%AB-g%C3%AC" title="Tū-ī-gì - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tū-ī-gì" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Туркойчоь - txetxè" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туркойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeya" title="Turkeya - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turkeya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AC%E1%8F%83" title="ᎬᏃ - cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎬᏃ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - xeiene" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="xeiene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تورکیا - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تورکیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia - cors" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="cors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%90%E1%95%92%E1%91%AD" title="ᑐᕒᑭ - cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="ᑐᕒᑭ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turecko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ABreck%C3%B4" title="Tëreckô - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tëreckô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%B7%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тѷрци - eslau eclesiàstic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Тѷрци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslau eclesiàstic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twrci" title="Twrci - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twrci" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiet" title="Tyrkiet - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rkiya" title="Tırkiya - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırkiya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkojska" title="Turkojska - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%A9%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ތުރުކީވިލާތް - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ތުރުކީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག - dzongka" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94k%C9%94" title="Dɔkɔ - ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Dɔkɔ" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%AE" title="Turchî - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Turchî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkio" title="Turkio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrgi" title="Türgi - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türgi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ترکیه - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya - ful" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ful" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkki" title="Turkki - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrg%C3%BC" title="Türgü - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Türgü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - fijià" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkaland" title="Turkaland - feroès" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turkaland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia - Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie - friülà" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Turchie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friülà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuirc" title="An Tuirc - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tuirc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - gagaús" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirki" title="Tirki - Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tirki" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuirc" title="An Tuirc - gaèlic escocès" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Tuirc" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaèlic escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8A%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تۊرکيه - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تۊرکيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turyk%C3%ADa" title="Turykía - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Turykía" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की - concani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="concani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍄𐍅𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰 - gòtic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍅𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gòtic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="તુર્કસ્તાન - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તુર્કસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - wayú" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="wayú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Turkee" title="Yn Turkee - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Turkee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiyya" title="Turkiyya - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turkiyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA-ng%C3%AD-kh%C3%AC" title="Thú-ngí-khì - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thú-ngí-khì" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuleke" title="Kuleke - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kuleke" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="טורקיה - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkowska" title="Turkowska - alt sòrab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkowska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alt sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki" title="Tiki - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tiki" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6korsz%C3%A1g" title="Törökország - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törökország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թուրքիա - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թուրքիա - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թուրքիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%A9y" title="Turkéy - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Turkéy" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-igl mw-list-item"><a href="https://igl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - Igala" lang="igl" hreflang="igl" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Igala" data-language-local-name="Igala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkii" title="Turkii - inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Turkii" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="Туркий мохк - ingúix" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Туркий мохк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingúix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkland" title="Tyrkland - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%91%E1%95%90%E1%91%AD" title="ᑑᕐᑭ - inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑑᕐᑭ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3" title="トルコ - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerki" title="Toerki - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Toerki" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/turk" title="turk - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="turk" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქეთი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkiya" title="Túrkiya - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Túrkiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tturk" title="Tturk - cabilenc" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tturk" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilenc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Тыркуей - kabardí" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тыркуей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuurkii" title="Tuurkii - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tuurkii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukya" title="Turukya - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Turukya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tak%C4%A9" title="Takĩ - kikuiu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Takĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түркия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8" title="តួកគី - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តួកគី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟರ್ಕಿ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88" title="튀르키예 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тюркия - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Тюркия" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Тюрк - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тюрк" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="تُرکی - caixmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تُرکی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caixmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei - kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkiye" title="Tirkiye - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tirkiye" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - còrnic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="còrnic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түркия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - judeocastellà" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judeocastellà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierkei" title="Tierkei - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tierkei" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buturuki" title="Buturuki - ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Buturuki" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrchia" title="Türchia - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Türchia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%AD" title="Turkí - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Turkí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດຕຸຣກີ - laosià" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຕຸຣກີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turceja" title="Turceja - Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Turceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcija" title="Turcija - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - madurès" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkia" title="Torkia - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Torkia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Турций - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Турций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81kei" title="Tākei - maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tākei" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Турција - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Турција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="തുർക്കി - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - moore" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="moore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कस्तान - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्कस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци - mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija - maltès" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Turkija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie - mirandès" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Turquie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တူရကီနိုင်ငံ - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တူရကီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Турция Мастор - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Турция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تورکیه - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تورکیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rkie" title="Törkie - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Törkie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की - nepalès" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - ndonga" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="ndonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oshiwambo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%95%DF%8D%DF%AB_%DF%A3%DF%9D%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%96%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߓߊߕߍ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߖߌ߫ - n’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߓߊߕߍ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߖߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - ndebele meridional" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="ndebele meridional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtchie" title="Turtchie - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Turtchie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bich%CA%BCah_%C5%81ich%C3%ADi%CA%BCii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bichʼah Łichíiʼii Bikéyah - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bichʼah Łichíiʼii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtsii" title="Turtsii - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turtsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkii" title="Tarkii - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tarkii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%80" title="ତୁର୍କୀ - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତୁର୍କୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya - pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkie" title="Turkie - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Turkie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkie" title="Turkie - alemany pennsilvanià" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Turkie" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="alemany pennsilvanià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei - alemany palatí" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="alemany palatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="तुर्किये - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="तुर्किये" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkii" title="Turkii - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Turkii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcja" title="Turcja - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία - pòntic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τουρκία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pòntic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تورکيه - paixtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تورکيه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paixtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirchia" title="Tirchia - retoromànic" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tirchia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromànic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya" title="Turukiya - rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Turukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Turchie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Турція - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Турція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya" title="Turukiya - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Turukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की - sànscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sànscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Түүркүйэ - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түүркүйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A" title="ترڪي - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durka" title="Durka - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Durka" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuk%C3%AFi" title="Turukïi - sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Turukïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkya" title="Turkya - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Turkya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းတိူဝ်ႇၵီႇ - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းတိူဝ်ႇၵီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="තුර්කිය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තුර්කිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turecko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C4%8Dija" title="Turčija - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take" title="Take - samoà" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Take" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkki" title="Turkki - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turkki" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki" title="Turuki - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Turuki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiga" title="Turkiga - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Turkiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqia" title="Turqia - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turqia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Турска - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Турска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiyakondre" title="Turkiyakondre - sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Turkiyakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThekhi" title="IThekhi - swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IThekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - sotho meridional" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sotho meridional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%A4i" title="Turkäi - Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Turkäi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uturuki" title="Uturuki - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uturuki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcyjo" title="Turcyjo - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turcyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="துருக்கி - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟರ್ಕಿ - Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಟರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="టర్కీ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టర్కీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia - tètum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tètum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศตุรกี - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศตุรกี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA" title="ቱርኪ - tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቱርኪ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrki%C3%BDe" title="Türkiýe - turcman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türkiýe" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkij%C9%99" title="Tyrkijə - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tyrkijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - setswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="setswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toake" title="Toake - tongalès" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Toake" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teki" title="Teki - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Teki" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="article bo"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төркия - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төркия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiti" title="Turiti - tahitià" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Turiti" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция - tuvinià" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="تۈركىيە جۇمھۇرىيىتى - uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈركىيە جۇمھۇرىيىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Туреччина - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туреччина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ترکیہ - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkanma" title="Turkanma - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turkanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_Nh%C4%A9_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeye" title="Turkeye - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Turkeye" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A4n" title="Türkän - volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Türkän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourkeye" title="Tourkeye - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tourkeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeya" title="Turkeya - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turkeya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirki" title="Tirki - wòlof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tirki" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wòlof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye - calmuc" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITurkiya" title="ITurkiya - xosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ITurkiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქეთი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99" title="טערקיי - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טערקיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey - ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujwjgiz" title="Dujwjgiz - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dujwjgiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ - amazic estàndard marroquí" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazic estàndard marroquí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-n%C3%AD-k%C3%AE" title="Thó͘-ní-kî - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-ní-kî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITheki" title="ITheki - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Turquia" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d&#039;aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;oldid=33873801" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&amp;page=Turquia&amp;id=33873801&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com 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href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Turquia&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d&#039;aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikinews.org/wiki/Categoria:Turquia" hreflang="ca"><span>Viquinotícies</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikiquote.org/wiki/Turquia" hreflang="ca"><span>Viquidites</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43" title="Enllaç a l&#039;element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates-ind" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><span title="Coordenades geogràfiques WGS84">Coord.:</span> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Turquia&amp;language=ca&amp;params=39_N_36_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització">39°&#160;N, 36°&#160;E</span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització"><span class="latitude">39°N</span>,<span class="longitude">36°E</span></span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">39; 36</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-ind-100" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Llista_dels_1000_articles_fonamentals" title="Els 1.000 fonamentals de la Viquipèdia"><img alt="Els 1.000 fonamentals de la Viquipèdia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg/30px-Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg/45px-Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg/60px-Segell_1000_unificat_Viquip%C3%A8dia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="2896" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l&#039;enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33571020">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_abovestyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_solid{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_botton_top{border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle{background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;background:#d9b38c;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;background:#d9b38c}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{background:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;width:40%;text-align:start}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33571020"> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titlestyle" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Globe_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula geografia política"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula geografia política" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/25px-Globe_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/38px-Globe_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Globe_icon.svg/50px-Globe_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></span>Turquia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data infobox_subheaderstyle" style="text-align:center"><span lang="tr">Türkiye Cumhuriyeti</span> (tr)<br /><span lang="tr">Türkiye</span> (tr) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P1705" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32548069/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-right:50px;width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bandera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/97px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/146px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/194px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bandera_de_Turquia" title="Bandera de Turquia">Bandera</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;height:64px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Emblem_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Escut d&#39;armes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/88px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/132px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/176px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Emblema_nacional_de_Turquia" title="Emblema nacional de Turquia">Escut d&#39;armes</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33606766">.mw-parser-output .img_toogle ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle_caption{font-size:100%;font-style:normal;text-align:center;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px}</style><div class="img_toogle"> <div class="geobox nomobile"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Turkey_at_night_September_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vista nocturna"><img alt="Vista nocturna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turkey_at_night_September_2014.jpg/300px-Turkey_at_night_September_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turkey_at_night_September_2014.jpg/450px-Turkey_at_night_September_2014.jpg 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Himne</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stikl%C3%A2l_Mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İstiklâl Marşı">İstiklâl Marşı</a></i> <span 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label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&amp;lang=vi&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&amp;lang=zh-cn&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文(中国大陆) ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&amp;lang=zh-hans&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文(简体) ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&amp;lang=zh-hant&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文(繁體) ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&amp;lang=zh-hk&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文(香港) ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AIstikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg&amp;lang=zh&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lema</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">«<span lang="tr">Yurtta sulh, cihanda sulh</span>» <br />«<span lang="cy">Heddwch gartref, heddwch yn y byd</span>» <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P1451" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Localització</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><table align="center" style="width:auto; cellspacing:1; cellpadding:0%; border:0; margin:0; display:table;"><tbody><tr><td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitxer:Turkey_(orthographic_projection).svg&amp;lang=ca" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/langca-150px-Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/langca-225px-Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/langca-300px-Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P242" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="150" data-height="150" data-zoom="3" data-lat="39" data-lon="36" data-overlays="[&quot;_5f8a76e200b2d5952d53538885c493f1d81cddfe&quot;]" href="/wiki/Especial:Map/3/39/36/ca"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39,36,150x150.png?lang=ca&amp;domain=ca.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Turquia&amp;revid=33873801&amp;groups=_5f8a76e200b2d5952d53538885c493f1d81cddfe" width="150" height="150" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,3,39,36,150x150@2x.png?lang=ca&amp;domain=ca.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Turquia&amp;revid=33873801&amp;groups=_5f8a76e200b2d5952d53538885c493f1d81cddfe 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><small>&#160;<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Turquia&amp;language=ca&amp;params=39_N_36_E_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització">39°&#160;N, 36°&#160;E</span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapes, fotos aèries i altres informacions per a aquesta localització"><span class="latitude">39°N</span>,<span class="longitude">36°E</span></span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">39; 36</span></span></span></a></span></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td></tr><tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> <small>(1923–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P36" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Conté la subdivisió</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Adana" title="Província d&#39;Adana">Província d'Adana</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ad%C4%B1yaman" title="Província d&#39;Adıyaman">Província d'Adıyaman</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Afyonkarahisar" title="Província d&#39;Afyonkarahisar">Província d'Afyonkarahisar</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P150" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>../... 81+</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Població humana</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Població</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">85.372.377 <small>(2023) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P1082" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small> (108,95 <small><span lang="gl">hab./km²</span></small>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Llars</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">26.075.365 (2022) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P1538" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Idioma oficial</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Turc" title="Turc">turc</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P37" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Geografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Part de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans">Balcans</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Conca_del_Mediterrani" title="Conca del Mediterrani">conca del Mediterrani</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12299139" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q12299139">conca de la Mar Negra</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Orient_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Orient Mitjà">Orient Mitjà</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia_occidental" title="Àsia occidental">Àsia occidental</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%A0sia" title="Euràsia">Euràsia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P361" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Superfície</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">783.562 km² <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P2046" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Banyat per</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A0nia" title="Mar Mediterrània">mar Mediterrània</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_Negra" title="Mar Negra">mar Negra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_Egea" title="Mar Egea">mar Egea</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_Llevant" title="Mar de Llevant">mar de Llevant</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P206" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Punt més alt</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Ararat" title="Ararat">Ararat</a> (5.137 m) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P610" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Punt més baix</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Mar_Negra" title="Mar Negra">mar Negra</a> (0 m) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P1589" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Limita amb</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="" style="width:100%;" align="left"></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària">Bulgària</a> <small>(1923–)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a> <small>(1923–)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <small>(1923–)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <small>(1932–)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Lliga_%C3%80rab" title="Lliga Àrab">Lliga Àrab</a> <small>(1945–)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Unió Europea">Unió Europea</a> <small>(1981–)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="Geòrgia">Geòrgia</a> <small>(1991–)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a> <small>(1991–)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a> <small>(1991–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P47" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Dades històriques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Anterior</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P1365" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Creació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">29 octubre 1923 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P571" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Organització política</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Forma de govern</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Centralisme" title="Centralisme">estat unitari</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Presidencialisme" title="Presidencialisme">presidencialisme</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P122" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Òrgan executiu</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15462156" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15462156">Govern de Turquia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P208" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Òrgan legislatiu</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Assemblea_Nacional_de_Turquia" title="Gran Assemblea Nacional de Turquia">Gran Assemblea Nacional de Turquia</a> , <small>(Escó: 600) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P194" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">&#8226;&#160;President <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P1906" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> <sup>(mul)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39259?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(2014–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P35" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">&#8226;&#160;President <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P1313" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> <sup>(mul)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39259?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small>(2018–) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P6" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Membre de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_de_Cooperaci%C3%B3_i_Desenvolupament_Econ%C3%B2mic" title="Organització de Cooperació i Desenvolupament Econòmic">Organització de Cooperació i Desenvolupament Econòmic</a> <br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3866537" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3866537">Centre de Coordinació de Moviments Europeus</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Grup_de_Prove%C3%AFdors_Nuclears" title="Grup de Proveïdors Nuclears">Grup de Proveïdors Nuclears</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P463" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>../... 38+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">PIB nominal</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">819.034.484.303 $ (2021) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P2131" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Moneda</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Lira_turca" title="Lira turca">lira turca</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P38" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_botton_top infobox_headerclass_solid" style="text-align:center">Identificador descriptiu</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Fus horari</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horari_d%27hivern" title="Horari d&#39;hivern">hora estàndard</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16837414" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q16837414">Europa/Istanbul</a><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q109521557" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q109521557">Àsia/Istanbul</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P421" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Domini de primer nivell</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/.tr" title=".tr">.tr</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P78" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Prefix telefònic</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">+90 i +36 <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P474" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Telèfon d'emergències</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1061257" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1061257">112</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25743529" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q25743529">177</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P2852" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33571020"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Codi país</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">TR <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P297" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P605" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P605">Codi NUTS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dd.eionet.europa.eu/vocabularyconcept/common/nuts/TR">TR</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P605" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lloc web</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/">turkiye.gov.tr</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#P856" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/edevletkapi" title="Facebook: edevletkapi" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Facebook: edevletkapi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2023_Facebook_icon.svg/20px-2023_Facebook_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2023_Facebook_icon.svg/30px-2023_Facebook_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2023_Facebook_icon.svg/40px-2023_Facebook_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="667" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://x.com/ekapi?lang=ca" title="X: ekapi" rel="nofollow"><img alt="X: ekapi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/20px-X_logo_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/30px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/X_logo_2023.svg/40px-X_logo_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="271" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/edevletkapisi" title="Instagram: edevletkapisi" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Instagram: edevletkapisi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Instagram_logo_2022.svg/20px-Instagram_logo_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Instagram_logo_2022.svg/30px-Instagram_logo_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Instagram_logo_2022.svg/40px-Instagram_logo_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChX28IHPQ2jyaBatdfRqGSQ" title="Youtube: UChX28IHPQ2jyaBatdfRqGSQ" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Youtube: UChX28IHPQ2jyaBatdfRqGSQ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/YouTube_social_red_squircle_%282017%29.svg/20px-YouTube_social_red_squircle_%282017%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/YouTube_social_red_squircle_%282017%29.svg/30px-YouTube_social_red_squircle_%282017%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/YouTube_social_red_squircle_%282017%29.svg/40px-YouTube_social_red_squircle_%282017%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#identifiers" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Turquia</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Turc" title="Turc">turc</a>: <i>Türkiye</i>), oficialment la <b>República de Turquia</b> (en turc: <i>Türkiye Cumhuriyeti</i>), és un <a href="/wiki/Estat" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat">estat</a> <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%A0sia" title="Euràsia">eurasiàtic</a> que ocupa la <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia" class="mw-redirect" title="Península d&#39;Anatòlia">península d'Anatòlia</a> al sud-oest <a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia">d'Àsia</a>, així com <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0cia_Oriental" title="Tràcia Oriental">Tràcia</a> als <a href="/wiki/Balcans" title="Balcans">Balcans</a>, regió del sud-est d'<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Turquia té frontera amb vuit estats: <a href="/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària">Bulgària</a> al nord-oest, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a> a l'oest, <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="Geòrgia">Geòrgia</a> al nord-est, <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a> i l'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> a l'est, i <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> i <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a> al sud-est. Les fronteres marítimes són el <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Mediterrani">mar Mediterrani</a> al sud, el <a href="/wiki/Mar_Egeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Egeu">mar Egeu</a> a l'oest i la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Negra" title="Mar Negra">mar Negra</a> al nord. El <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_M%C3%A0rmara" title="Mar de Màrmara">mar de Màrmara</a> i els <a href="/wiki/Estrets_turcs" title="Estrets turcs">estrets turcs</a> separen Anatòlia de Tràcia, que delimiten les fronteres entre Àsia i Europa; per tant, Turquia és un <a href="/wiki/Estat_transcontinental" title="Estat transcontinental">estat transcontinental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Atesa la seva localització estratègica entre dos continents, la cultura de Turquia és una mescla única de les tradicions orientals i occidentals. Hi van existir diverses entitats polítiques des de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_antiga" title="Edat antiga">edat antiga</a>. Les tribus turques van envair el territori el segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xi</span>. <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">L'Imperi Otomà</a> va començar a expandir-se a partir del segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiv</span>. En l'actualitat, Turquia és una <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_constitucional" class="mw-redirect" title="República constitucional">república constitucional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estat_unitari" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat unitari">unitària</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democr%C3%A0cia" title="Democràcia">democràtica</a> i <a href="/wiki/Estat_secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat secular">secular</a>, conformada després de la caiguda de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a> en la <a href="/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Mundial" title="Primera Guerra Mundial">Primera Guerra Mundial</a>. Des d'aleshores, Turquia s'ha integrat cada vegada més amb Occident i és membre de diverses organitzacions com ara el <a href="/wiki/Consell_d%27Europa" title="Consell d&#39;Europa">Consell d'Europa</a> (1949), l'<a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a> (1952), <a href="/wiki/OCDE" class="mw-redirect" title="OCDE">l'OCDE</a> (1961), l'<a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> (1973) i el <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> (1999). Va començar les negociacions per convertir-se en membre ple de la <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Unió Europea">Unió Europea</a> el 2005, tot i que n'ha estat membre associat des de 1995. És classificada, segons algunes organitzacions, com a <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_desenvolupat" title="País desenvolupat">país desenvolupat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i com a <a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A8ncia_regional" title="Potència regional">potència regional</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heptagon_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heptagon-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponímia"><span id="Topon.C3.ADmia"></span>Toponímia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Toponímia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Des de la conquesta de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d&#39;Orient">Imperi Romà d'Orient</a> pels turcs, la regió va ser coneguda com a <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a>. A partir de la proclamació de la república, el país es coneix com a <i>Turquia</i>. El nom de Turquia, <i>Türkiye</i>, en <a href="/wiki/Turc" title="Turc">turc</a>, es divideix en dues paraules: <i>türk</i>, que significa 'fort' en l'<a href="/wiki/Turc_otom%C3%A0" title="Turc otomà">antic turc</a>, i que feia referència als habitants de Turquia o als membres d'algun dels <a href="/wiki/Pobles_turcs" class="mw-redirect" title="Pobles turcs">pobles turcs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> una forma tardana de <i>Tu-kin</i>, nom donat pels <a href="/wiki/Xina" title="Xina">xinesos</a> als pobles que vivien al sud del <a href="/wiki/Mass%C3%ADs_de_l%27Altai" title="Massís de l&#39;Altai">massís de l'Altai</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia_central" title="Àsia central">Àsia central</a>, possiblement des del 177&#160;aC,<sup id="cite_ref-TurkEtymology_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TurkEtymology-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i el <a href="/wiki/Sufix" title="Sufix">sufix</a> abstracte <i>–iye</i> (derivat del sufix <a href="/wiki/Llengua_%C3%A0rab" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua àrab">àrab</a> <i>–iyya</i>, i alhora associat al sufix <a href="/wiki/Llat%C3%AD_medieval" title="Llatí medieval">llatí medieval</a> <i>–ia</i> en el nom <i>Turchia</i>, i del sufix del <a href="/wiki/Grec_medieval" title="Grec medieval">grec medieval</a> <i>–ία</i> en <i>Τουρκία</i>), que significa 'propietari' o 'relacionat amb'. La primera vegada que s'utilitzà el terme <i>Türk</i> o <i>Türük</i> com a <a href="/wiki/Ex%C3%B2nim" title="Exònim">autònim</a> fou en les <a href="/wiki/Inscripcions_d%27Orkhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Inscripcions d&#39;Orkhon">inscripcions d'Orkhon</a> dels <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" class="mw-redirect" title="Göktürks">göktürks</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia_central" title="Àsia central">Àsia central</a>, al voltant del <a href="/wiki/Segle_VIII" title="Segle VIII">segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">viii</span></a> dC. La paraula catalana <i>Turquia</i> es deriva directament del llatí medieval <i>Turquia</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia_física"><span id="Geografia_f.C3.ADsica"></span>Geografia física</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Geografia física"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Geografia_de_Turquia" title="Geografia de Turquia">Geografia de Turquia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Vegeu també: <a href="/wiki/Rius_de_Turquia" title="Rius de Turquia">Rius de Turquia</a></div> <p>Turquia és un <a href="/wiki/Estat_transcontinental" title="Estat transcontinental">estat transcontinental</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%A0sia" title="Euràsia">Euràsia</a>. La Turquia asiàtica, que correspon a la península d'<a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Anatòlia">Anatòlia</a>, que inclou el 97% de la superfície del país, està separada de la Turquia europea pel <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2sfor" title="Bòsfor">Bòsfor</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Mar_de_M%C3%A0rmara" title="Mar de Màrmara">mar de Màrmara</a> i els <a href="/wiki/Dardanels" title="Dardanels">Dardanels</a>, els quals, de forma conjunta, són l'enllaç marítim entre la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Negra" title="Mar Negra">mar Negra</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Mediterrani">mar Mediterrani</a>. La Turquia europea, que correspon a la Tràcia i la <a href="/wiki/Rum%C3%A8lia" title="Rumèlia">Rumèlia</a> orientals a la <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_balc%C3%A0nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Península balcànica">península Balcànica</a>, només representa el 3% de la superfície total de l'estat.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El territori de Turquia té més de 1.600 km de longitud, d'est a oest, i 800 km de nord a sud. La superfície de Turquia, incloent-hi els llacs, és de 783.562 km², dels quals només 23.764 km² són a Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-USLC_TRGeo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USLC_TRGeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Turquia és el 37è estat més gran del món, amb una superfície similar a la suma de les superfícies del Regne Unit i de França. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:NEO_ararat_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/NEO_ararat_big.jpg/220px-NEO_ararat_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/NEO_ararat_big.jpg/330px-NEO_ararat_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/NEO_ararat_big.jpg/440px-NEO_ararat_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1284" /></a><figcaption>El <a href="/wiki/Mont_Ararat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Ararat">mont Ararat</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La Turquia europea, al nord-oest, conforma la <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0cia_Oriental" title="Tràcia Oriental">Tràcia oriental</a>, i té fronteres amb <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària">Bulgària</a>. La Turquia asiàtica, <a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Anatòlia">Anatòlia</a> —també coneguda com a l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia_Menor" class="mw-redirect" title="Àsia Menor">Àsia Menor</a>—, està formada per un altiplà central amb planes costaneres estretes, entre el Köroğlu i la serralada de l'orient del mar Negre al nord, cap a les <a href="/wiki/Muntanyes_del_Taure" title="Muntanyes del Taure">muntanyes del Taure</a>, al sud. L'est del país és més muntanyós, i és l'origen de diversos rius que s'estenen per <a href="/wiki/Orient_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Orient Mitjà">l'Orient Mitjà</a>, com ara l'<a href="/wiki/Eufrates" title="Eufrates">Eufrates</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>. S'hi troben el <a href="/wiki/Llac_Van" title="Llac Van">llac Van</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Mont_Ararat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Ararat">mont Ararat</a>, l'elevació màxima de l'estat, amb 5.165 msnm.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>El relleu variat de Turquia és el producte de diversos moviments terrestres complexos que han format la regió al llarg de molts mil·lennis i que encara produeixen <a href="/wiki/Terratr%C3%A8mols" class="mw-redirect" title="Terratrèmols">terratrèmols</a> i erupcions volcàniques. El Bòsfor i els <a href="/wiki/Dardanels" title="Dardanels">Dardanels</a> es formaren gràcies a les falles geològiques que creuen Turquia i que permeteren la creació del mar Negre. Hi ha una falla geològica que creua el nord del país, d'oest cap a l'est, que causà el terratrèmol de 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clima">Clima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Clima"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Clima_de_Turquia" title="Clima de Turquia">Clima de Turquia</a></div> <p>Les àrees costaneres mediterrànies de Turquia tenen un clima mediterrani, amb estius secs, i hiverns humits moderats. Les condicions són més extremes a l'interior àrid. Les muntanyes a prop de la costa impedeixen que les influències mediterrànies s'estenguin al centre i, per tant, l'altiplà de l'Anatòlia central té un <a href="/wiki/Clima_continental" title="Clima continental">clima continental</a>, amb hiverns més severs. La precipitació mitjana és de 400 mil·límetres, amb diferències regionals que depenen de l'altitud. Les regions més seques són la plana de <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a> i la de <a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Política_i_govern"><span id="Pol.C3.ADtica_i_govern"></span>Política i govern</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Política i govern"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institucions_de_govern">Institucions de govern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Institucions de govern"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Articles principals: <a href="/wiki/President_de_Turquia" title="President de Turquia">President de Turquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primer_Ministre_de_Turquia" title="Primer Ministre de Turquia">Primer Ministre de Turquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gran_Assemblea_Nacional_de_Turquia" title="Gran Assemblea Nacional de Turquia">Gran Assemblea Nacional de Turquia</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Tribunal_Constitucional_de_Turquia" title="Tribunal Constitucional de Turquia">Tribunal Constitucional de Turquia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:50000_TL_1994_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/50000_TL_1994_reverse.jpg/220px-50000_TL_1994_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/50000_TL_1994_reverse.jpg/330px-50000_TL_1994_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/50000_TL_1994_reverse.jpg/440px-50000_TL_1994_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption>Edifici de la Gran Assemblea en un bitllet de 50.000 lires turques</figcaption></figure><table class="plainlinks ambox ambox-content" style="" data-severity="2"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image" style="width: 52px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ktimer.png/40px-Nuvola_apps_ktimer.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ktimer.png/60px-Nuvola_apps_ktimer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ktimer.png/80px-Nuvola_apps_ktimer.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Aquest article o aquest apartat conté informació obsoleta o li falta informació recent.</b><br /><span style="font-size:90%;" class="hide-when-compact">Podeu <a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit">col·laborar</a> actualitzant-lo o afegint-hi la informació que manca. «El 2014 es van celebrar les primeres eleccions presidencials, després de la reforma de la Constitució per convertir Turquia en una república presidencialista»</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Turquia és una <a href="/wiki/Democr%C3%A0cia_representativa" title="Democràcia representativa">democràcia representativa</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistema_parlamentari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema parlamentari">parlamentària</a> organitzada com a <a href="/wiki/Estat_unitari" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat unitari">estat unitari</a> <a href="/wiki/Centralisme" title="Centralisme">centralitzat</a>. Des de la seva fundació com a república el 1923, Turquia ha desenvolupat una forta tradició de <a href="/wiki/Estat_secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat secular">secularització</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_Secularism_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR_Secularism-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La <a href="/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_de_Turquia" title="Constitució de Turquia">constitució de Turquia</a> estableix l'estructura legal del país. </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/Cap_d%27Estat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap d&#39;Estat">cap d'estat</a> és el <a href="/wiki/President_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Turquia" class="mw-redirect" title="President de la República de Turquia">president de la República</a>, el paper del qual és sobretot cerimonial. El president és elegit per un període de cinc anys en eleccions directes. El <a href="/wiki/Poder_executiu" title="Poder executiu">poder executiu</a> és ocupat i exercit pel <a href="/wiki/Primer_ministre_de_Turquia" class="mw-redirect" title="Primer ministre de Turquia">primer ministre</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Consell_de_Ministres_de_Turquia" title="Consell de Ministres de Turquia">Consell de ministres</a>, que integren el govern. El primer ministre és elegit pel parlament per mitjà d'un vot de confiança al seu govern i, generalment, és el cap del partit amb més escons al parlament. Ni el primer ministre ni els ministres del Consell han de ser membres del parlament, però en la majoria dels casos sí que n'han estat membres. </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/Poder_legislatiu" title="Poder legislatiu">poder legislatiu</a> és ocupat pel parlament <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Gran_Assemblea_Nacional_de_Turquia" title="Gran Assemblea Nacional de Turquia">Gran Assemblea Nacional</a>, integrada per 550&#160;membres electes per un mandat de quatre anys segons el mètode de <a href="/wiki/Representaci%C3%B3_proporcional" class="mw-redirect" title="Representació proporcional">representació proporcional</a> a les 85 <a href="/wiki/Circumscripci%C3%B3_electoral" title="Circumscripció electoral">circumscripcions o districtes electorals</a> en què està dividit l'estat, i que representen les 81 <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncies_de_Turquia" title="Províncies de Turquia">províncies de Turquia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> es divideix en tres circumscripcions electorals i <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> i <a href="/wiki/Esmirna" title="Esmirna">Esmirna</a> en dues, ateses llurs poblacions. Per tal d'evitar una fragmentació política en què cap partit tingui la capacitat de formar el govern, només els partits que hagin aconseguit com a mínim el 10% dels vots en les eleccions parlamentàries nacionals tenen el dret a representació al parlament.<sup id="cite_ref-BYEGM_TrPolSys_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYEGM_TrPolSys-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> En les <a href="/wiki/Eleccions_legislatives_turques_de_2011" title="Eleccions legislatives turques de 2011">eleccions del 2011</a>, van obtenir representació parlamentària un total de tres partits polítics, més 36 diputats independents. No obstant això, els partits poden acordar aliances amb d'altres; en separar els partits aliats, de fet, set partits polítics hi van ser representats el <a href="/wiki/Eleccions_legislatives_turques_de_2007" title="Eleccions legislatives turques de 2007">2007</a>. També es permeten les candidatures independents, però han d'aconseguir també almenys el 10% dels vots de llurs circumscripcions per tal de ser elegides.<sup id="cite_ref-BYEGM_TrPolSys_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYEGM_TrPolSys-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Judicatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicatura">judicatura</a> és independent dels poders executiu i legislatiu. La <a href="/wiki/Tribunal_Constitucional_de_Turquia" title="Tribunal Constitucional de Turquia">Cort Constitucional</a> té l'encàrrec d'avaluar la conformitat de les lleis i decrets aprovats pel <a href="/wiki/Gran_Assemblea_Nacional_de_Turquia" title="Gran Assemblea Nacional de Turquia">parlament</a> amb la <a href="/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_de_Turquia" title="Constitució de Turquia">constitució</a>. El <a href="/wiki/Consell_d%27Estat_de_Turquia" title="Consell d&#39;Estat de Turquia">Consell d'estat</a> és el tribunal d'última instància per als casos administratius, i l'<a href="/wiki/Cort_Suprema_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Turquia" title="Cort Suprema de la República de Turquia">Alt Tribunal d'Apel·lacions</a> per a tots els altres casos.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_Constit_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR_Constit-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/Sufragi_universal" title="Sufragi universal">sufragi universal</a> per a homes i dones ha estat en vigor des de <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>, i tots els ciutadans turcs en complir 18&#160;anys tenen el dret al vot. El 2004, hi havia <a href="/wiki/Llista_de_partits_pol%C3%ADtics_de_Turquia" title="Llista de partits polítics de Turquia">cinquanta partits polítics registrats al país</a>, que abasten tot l'<a href="/wiki/Espectre_pol%C3%ADtic" title="Espectre polític">espectre polític</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BYEGM_TrPolSys_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYEGM_TrPolSys-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La Cort Constitucional pot cancel·lar el finançament públic dels partits polítics que consideri antiseculars i independentistes, o fins i tot pot negar-los el registre.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afers_exteriors">Afers exteriors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Afers exteriors"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En concordança amb la seva orientació tradicional cap a Occident, les relacions amb <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> han estat un tema central de política exterior de Turquia. Turquia va ser membre fundador del <a href="/wiki/Consell_d%27Europa" title="Consell d&#39;Europa">Consell d'Europa</a> el 1949, membre de l'<a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a> (1952), va sol·licitar admissió com a membre associat de la <a href="/wiki/Comunitat_Econ%C3%B2mica_Europea" title="Comunitat Econòmica Europea">Comunitat Econòmica Europea</a> (CEE), predecessora de la <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Unió Europea">Unió Europea</a>, el 1959, la qual va ser conferida el 1963. Després de diverses dècades de negociacions polítiques, Turquia va sol·licitar admissió com a membre de ple dret a la CEE el 1987. El 1992, va esdevenir membre associat de la <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_d%27Europa_Occidental" class="mw-redirect" title="Unió d&#39;Europa Occidental">Unió d'Europa occidental</a> i el 1995 va acordar una <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_duanera" title="Unió duanera">unió duanera</a> amb la Unió Europa. El 2005, va començar oficialment les negociacions formals per a ser admesa com a membre de la Unió Europea.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_EUChrono_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR_EUChrono-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> S'estima que la seva admissió pot trigar 15&#160;anys a realitzar-se atesa la grandària de Turquia i els diversos desacords en molts temes,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> com ara les disputes amb la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Xipre" class="mw-redirect" title="República de Xipre">República de Xipre</a> —en l'actualitat membre de la Unió Europea— quant a la intervenció militar turca el 1974, amb la intenció de prevenir l'annexió de l'illa a <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a>. Des d'aleshores, Turquia no reconeix la república xipriota, essencialment grega, com a única autoritat sobre l'illa, ans dona el seu suport a la comunitat xipriota turca que ha format la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Turca_del_Nord_de_Xipre" class="mw-redirect" title="República Turca del Nord de Xipre">República Turca del Nord de Xipre</a> <i>de facto</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Un altre aspecte important en les relacions exteriors de Turquia han estat les seves relacions amb els <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Units">Estats Units</a>. Davant l'amenaça comuna de la <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Sovi%C3%A8tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unió Soviètica">Unió Soviètica</a>, Turquia es va unir a l'<a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a>, el 1952, assegurant així les relacions properes bilaterals amb Washington durant la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_Freda" title="Guerra Freda">Guerra freda</a>. En l'actualitat, amb la desaparició de la Unió Soviètica, la importància geoestratègica de Turquia és deguda a la seva proximitat a l'<a href="/wiki/Orient_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Orient Mitjà">Orient Mitjà</a>. A Turquia es troba <a href="/wiki/Base_a%C3%A8ria_d%27%C4%B0ncirlik" title="Base aèria d&#39;İncirlik">una base aèria militar de l'OTAN</a>, a prop de la frontera amb <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a> i <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, que ha estat utilitzada pels Estats Units en les seves operacions regionals. La democràcia secular de Turquia i les relacions positives que manté amb <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel-Palestina</a>, l'han fet un aliat estratègic per als Estats Units. Els Estats Units, per la seva banda, li han donat suport econòmic i diplomàtic, incloent-hi els temes estratègics, com ara la seva possible admissió a la Unió Europea. </p><p>La independència dels estats turcs de la Unió Soviètica, amb els quals Turquia comparteix una herència cultural i lingüística, li han permès estendre les seves relacions polítiques i econòmiques a l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia_central" title="Àsia central">Àsia central</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Un dels assoliments d'aquestes relacions va ser la construcció d'un <a href="/wiki/Oleoducte" title="Oleoducte">oleoducte</a> des de <a href="/wiki/Bak%C3%BA" title="Bakú">Bakú</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a>, cap al port de <a href="/wiki/Ceyhan" title="Ceyhan">Ceyhan</a>, Turquia. Aquest oleoducte forma part de l'estratègia política de Turquia per convertir-se en un conducte d'energia per a Occident. Tot i així, la frontera turca amb <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a>, un estat del <a href="/wiki/Caucas" title="Caucas">Caucas</a>, està tancada, atesa l'ocupació del territori d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80zeris" title="Àzeris">Àzeri</a> durant la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_de_Nagorno-Karabakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra de Nagorno-Karabakh">Guerra de l'Alt Karabagh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Les relacions amb Armènia han estat delicades, a causa de les deportacions forçades d'armenis i les massacres que se'n van derivar durant els últims dies de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a>, les quals han estat reconegudes per diversos països i historiadors com el <a href="/wiki/Genocidi_Armeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocidi Armeni">genocidi armeni</a>. <a href="/wiki/Negaci%C3%B3_del_genocidi_armeni" title="Negació del genocidi armeni">Turquia rebutja el terme <i>genocidi</i></a>, tot i reconèixer que hi va haver moltes morts, però afirma que aquestes es van produir a conseqüència de les malalties, les fams i les lluites ètniques internes.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisions_administratives">Divisions administratives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Divisions administratives"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Articles principals: <a href="/wiki/Llista_de_regions_de_Turquia" class="mw-redirect" title="Llista de regions de Turquia">Llista de regions de Turquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%80rees_metropolitanes_de_Turquia" title="Àrees metropolitanes de Turquia">Àrees metropolitanes de Turquia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncies_de_Turquia" title="Províncies de Turquia">Províncies de Turquia</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Districtes_de_Turquia" title="Districtes de Turquia">Districtes de Turquia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:BlankMapTurkishProvincesRegions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BlankMapTurkishProvincesRegions.svg/220px-BlankMapTurkishProvincesRegions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BlankMapTurkishProvincesRegions.svg/330px-BlankMapTurkishProvincesRegions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/BlankMapTurkishProvincesRegions.svg/440px-BlankMapTurkishProvincesRegions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Províncies i regions de Turquia</figcaption></figure> <div style="float: right; clear: right;"> <div style="position: relative;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Turkey_provinces_blank_gray.svg/500px-Turkey_provinces_blank_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Turkey_provinces_blank_gray.svg/750px-Turkey_provinces_blank_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Turkey_provinces_blank_gray.svg/1000px-Turkey_provinces_blank_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </p> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:165px; top: 86px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ankara" title="Província d&#39;Ankara">Ankara </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:44px; top: 25px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_K%C4%B1rklareli" title="Província de Kırklareli">Kırklareli </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:3px; top: 38px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Edirne" title="Província d&#39;Edirne">Edirne </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:32px; top: 47px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tekirda%C4%9F" title="Província de Tekirdağ">Tekirdağ </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:6px; top: 75px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C3%87anakkale" title="Província de Çanakkale">Çanakkale </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:46px; top: 95px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bal%C4%B1kesir" title="Província de Balıkesir">Balıkesir </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:70px; top: 78px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bursa" title="Província de Bursa">Bursa </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:73px; top: 62px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Yalova" title="Província de Yalova">Yalova </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:80px; top: 39px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Istanbul" title="Província d&#39;Istanbul">İstanbul </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:93px; top: 54px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kocaeli" title="Província de Kocaeli">Kocaeli </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:108px; top: 64px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Sakarya" title="Província de Sakarya">Sakarya </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:127px; top: 53px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_D%C3%BCzce" title="Província de Düzce">Düzce </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:133px; top: 42px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Zonguldak" title="Província de Zonguldak">Zonguldak </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:147px; top: 71px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bolu" title="Província de Bolu">Bolu </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:103px; top: 82px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bilecik" title="Província de Bilecik">Bilecik </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:121px; top: 100px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Eski%C5%9Fehir" title="Província d&#39;Eskişehir">Eskişehir </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:85px; top: 107px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_K%C3%BCtahya" title="Província de Kütahya">Kütahya </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:44px; top: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Manisa" title="Província de Manisa">Manisa </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:26px; top: 137px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Esmirna" title="Província d&#39;Esmirna">Esmirna</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:43px; top: 157px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Aydin" class="mw-redirect" title="Província d&#39;Aydin">Aydın </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:50px; top: 186px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mu%C4%9Fla" title="Província de Muğla">Muğla </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:72px; top: 157px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Denizli" title="Província de Denizli">Denizli </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:98px; top: 170px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Burdur" title="Província de Burdur">Burdur </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:79px; top: 133px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27U%C5%9Fak" title="Província d&#39;Uşak">Uşak </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:116px; top: 129px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Afyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Província d&#39;Afyon">Afyon </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:120px; top: 157px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Isparta" title="Província d&#39;Isparta">Isparta </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:112px; top: 188px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Antalya" title="Província d&#39;Antalya">Antalya </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:159px; top: 152px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Konya" title="Província de Konya">Konya </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:201px; top: 198px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mersin" title="Província de Mersin">Mersin</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:175px; top: 181px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Karaman" title="Província de Karaman">Karaman </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:196px; top: 146px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%E2%80%99Aksaray" class="mw-redirect" title="Província d’Aksaray">Aksaray </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:200px; top: 113px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_K%C4%B1r%C5%9Fehir" title="Província de Kırşehir">Kırşehir </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:191px; top: 98px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_K%C4%B1r%C4%B1kkale" title="Província de Kırıkkale">Kırıkkale </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:185px; top: 66px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C3%87ank%C4%B1r%C4%B1" title="Província de Çankırı">Çankırı </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:162px; top: 51px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Karab%C3%BCk" title="Província de Karabük">Karabük </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:159px; top: 30px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bart%C4%B1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Província de Bartın">Bartın </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:186px; top: 40px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kastamonu" title="Província de Kastamonu">Kastamonu </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:233px; top: 31px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Sinop" class="mw-redirect" title="Província de Sinop">Sinop </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:218px; top: 75px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C3%87orum" title="Província de Çorum">Çorum </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:233px; top: 104px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Yozgat" title="Província de Yozgat">Yozgat </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:213px; top: 130px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Nev%C5%9Fehir" title="Província de Nevşehir">Nevşehir </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:218px; top: 161px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Ni%C4%9Fde" title="Província de Niğde">Niğde </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:236px; top: 189px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Adana" title="Província d&#39;Adana">Adana </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:256px; top: 209px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Hatay" title="Província de Hatay">Hatay </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:249px; top: 174px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Osmaniye" title="Província d&#39;Osmaniye">Osmaniye </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:271px; top: 154px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Província de Kahramanmaraş">K. Maraş </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:246px; top: 139px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kayseri" title="Província de Kayseri">Kayseri </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:284px; top: 104px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Sivas" title="Província de Sivas">Sivas </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:265px; top: 80px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tokat" title="Província de Tokat">Tokat </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:244px; top: 64px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Amasya" title="Província d&#39;Amasya">Amasya</a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:255px; top: 50px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Samsun" title="Província de Samsun">Samsun </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:288px; top: 60px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ordu" title="Província d&#39;Ordu">Ordu </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:309px; top: 62px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Giresun" title="Província de Giresun">Giresun </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:330px; top: 100px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Erzincan" title="Província d&#39;Erzincan">Erzincan </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:303px; top: 140px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Malatya" title="Província de Malatya">Malatya </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:280px; top: 186px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Gaziantep" title="Província de Gaziantep">Gaziantep </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:284px; top: 199px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kilis" title="Província de Kilis">Kilis </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:327px; top: 184px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" title="Província de Şanlıurfa">Şanlıurfa </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:300px; top: 164px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ad%C4%B1yaman" title="Província d&#39;Adıyaman">Adıyaman </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:329px; top: 72px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Província de Gümüşhane">Gümüşhane </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:343px; top: 58px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Trebisonda" title="Província de Trebisonda">Trebisonda </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:372px; top: 50px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Rize" title="Província de Rize">Rize </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:359px; top: 81px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bayburt" title="Província de Bayburt">Bayburt </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:389px; top: 90px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Erzurum" class="mw-redirect" title="Província de Erzurum">Erzurum </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:397px; top: 44px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Artvin" title="Província d&#39;Artvin">Artvin </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:425px; top: 49px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ardahan" title="Província d&#39;Ardahan">Ardahan </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:431px; top: 70px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kars" title="Província de Kars">Kars </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:436px; top: 95px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27A%C4%9Fr%C4%B1" title="Província d&#39;Ağrı">Ağrı </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:457px; top: 85px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tsolakert" title="Província de Tsolakert">Tsolakert </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:341px; top: 116px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tunceli" title="Província de Tunceli">Tunceli </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:329px; top: 133px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27El%C3%A2z%C4%B1%C4%9F" title="Província d&#39;Elâzığ">Elâzığ </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:354px; top: 154px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Diyarbakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Província de Diyarbakir">Diyarbakır </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:377px; top: 178px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mardin" title="Província de Mardin">Mardin </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:383px; top: 141px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Batman" class="mw-redirect" title="Província de Batman">Batman </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:415px; top: 156px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Siirt" title="Província de Siirt">Siirt </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:421px; top: 174px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak" title="Província de Şırnak">Şırnak </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:418px; top: 139px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bitlis" title="Província de Bitlis">Bitlis </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:376px; top: 119px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bing%C3%B6l" class="mw-redirect" title="Província de Bingöl">Bingöl </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:405px; top: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mu%C5%9F" title="Província de Muş">Muş </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:458px; top: 134px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Van" title="Província de Van">Van </a></div></div> <div style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 10px;"><div style="position: absolute; left:468px; top: 166px;"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Hakk%C3%A2ri" title="Província de Hakkâri">Hakkâri </a></div></div> </div> </div> <p>La capital de Turquia és <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>. El territori de Turquia se subdivideix en <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncies_de_Turquia" title="Províncies de Turquia">81 províncies</a> (singular <i>il</i>, plural <i>iller</i>), que s'agrupen en set <a href="/wiki/Llista_de_regions_de_Turquia" class="mw-redirect" title="Llista de regions de Turquia">regions</a> per als censos, tot i que aquestes no tenen cap estructura administrativa. Cada província, al seu torn, se subdivideix en <a href="/wiki/Districtes_de_Turquia" title="Districtes de Turquia">districtes</a>; en total n'hi ha 923. Les províncies tenen el mateix nom que llurs capitals, les quals són conegudes com a «districtes centrals», llevat de les províncies d'Hatay (capital: Antakya), Kocaeli (capital: İzmit) i Sakarya (capital: Adapazari). La ciutat més gran i l'antiga capital és <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, que encara és el centre econòmic i cultural del país.<sup id="cite_ref-USLC_TRGeo_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USLC_TRGeo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les províncies més poblades de Turquia són:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Istanbul" title="Província d&#39;Istanbul">İstanbul</a> - 12.573.836</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ankara" title="Província d&#39;Ankara">Ankara</a> - 4.466.756</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Esmirna" title="Província d&#39;Esmirna">Esmirna</a> - 3.739.353</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bursa" title="Província de Bursa">Bursa</a> - 2.439.876</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Adana" title="Província d&#39;Adana">Adana</a> - 2.006.650</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Konya" title="Província de Konya">Konya</a> - 1.959.082</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Antalya" title="Província d&#39;Antalya">Antalya</a> - 1.789.295</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mersin" title="Província de Mersin">Mersin</a> - 1.595.938</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Gaziantep" title="Província de Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a> - 1.560.023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" title="Província de Şanlıurfa">Şanlıurfa</a> - 1.523.099</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Diyarbakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Província de Diyarbakir">Diyarbakır</a> - 1.460.714</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kocaeli" title="Província de Kocaeli">Kocaeli</a> - 1.437.926</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Hatay" title="Província de Hatay">Hatay</a> - 1.386.224</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Manisa" title="Província de Manisa">Manisa</a> - 1.319.920</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Samsun" title="Província de Samsun">Samsun</a> - 1.228.959</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&amp;#124;enllaç=&amp;#124;23x20px&amp;#124;Turquia_Organització_territorial_de_Turquia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Organitzaci%C3%B3_territorial_de_Turquia" title="Plantilla:Organització territorial de Turquia"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="border&amp;#124;enllaç=&amp;#124;23x20px&amp;#124;Turquia_Organització_territorial_de_Turquia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Turquia"><img alt="Turquia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_territorial_de_Turquia" title="Organització territorial de Turquia">Organització territorial de Turquia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_estad%C3%ADstiques_NUTS_de_Turquia" title="Regions estadístiques NUTS de Turquia">NUTS-1<br />Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_d%27Istanbul_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió d&#39;Istanbul (estadística)">TR1</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_la_M%C3%A0rmara_Occidental_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió de la Màrmara Occidental (estadística)">TR2</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_l%27Egeu_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió de l&#39;Egeu (estadística)">TR3</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_la_M%C3%A0rmara_Oriental_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió de la Màrmara Oriental (estadística)">TR4</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia_Occidental_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió d&#39;Anatòlia Occidental (estadística)">TR5</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_la_Mediterr%C3%A0nia_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió de la Mediterrània (estadística)">TR6</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia_Central_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió d&#39;Anatòlia Central (estadística)">TR7</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_la_Mar_Negra_Occidental_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió de la Mar Negra Occidental (estadística)">TR8</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_la_Mar_Negra_Oriental_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió de la Mar Negra Oriental (estadística)">TR9</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia_del_Nord-Est_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió d&#39;Anatòlia del Nord-Est (estadística)">TRA</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia_Oriental_Central_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió d&#39;Anatòlia Oriental Central (estadística)">TRB</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia_del_Sud-Est_(estad%C3%ADstica)" title="Regió d&#39;Anatòlia del Sud-Est (estadística)">TRC</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_estad%C3%ADstiques_NUTS_de_Turquia" title="Regions estadístiques NUTS de Turquia">NUTS-2<br />Subregions</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_d%27Istanbul" title="Subregió d&#39;Istanbul">TR10</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Tekirda%C4%9F" title="Subregió de Tekirdağ">TR21</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Bal%C4%B1kesir" title="Subregió de Balıkesir">TR22</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_d%27Esmirna" title="Subregió d&#39;Esmirna">TR31</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_d%27Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Subregió d&#39;Aydın">TR32</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Manisa" title="Subregió de Manisa">TR33</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Bursa" title="Subregió de Bursa">TR41</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Kocaeli" title="Subregió de Kocaeli">TR42</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_d%27Ankara" title="Subregió d&#39;Ankara">TR51</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Konya" title="Subregió de Konya">TR52</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_d%27Antalya" title="Subregió d&#39;Antalya">TR61</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_d%27Adana" title="Subregió d&#39;Adana">TR62</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Hatay" title="Subregió de Hatay">TR63</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_K%C4%B1r%C4%B1kkale" title="Subregió de Kırıkkale">TR71</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Kayseri" title="Subregió de Kayseri">TR72</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Zonguldak" title="Subregió de Zonguldak">TR81</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Kastamonu" class="mw-redirect" title="Subregió de Kastamonu">TR82</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Samsun" title="Subregió de Samsun">TR83</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Trebisonda" title="Subregió de Trebisonda">TR90</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_d%27Erzurum" class="mw-redirect" title="Subregió d&#39;Erzurum">TRA1</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_d%27A%C4%9Fr%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Subregió d&#39;Ağrı">TRA2</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Malatya" class="mw-redirect" title="Subregió de Malatya">TRB1</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Van" title="Subregió de Van">TRB2</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Gaziantep" class="mw-redirect" title="Subregió de Gaziantep">TRC1</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" title="Subregió de Şanlıurfa">TRC2</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Subregi%C3%B3_de_Mardin" class="mw-redirect" title="Subregió de Mardin">TRC3</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncies_de_Turquia" title="Províncies de Turquia">NUTS-3<br />Províncies</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0l" title="İl">il</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Istanbul" title="Província d&#39;Istanbul">TR100</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tekirda%C4%9F" title="Província de Tekirdağ">TR211</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Edirne" title="Província d&#39;Edirne">TR212</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_K%C4%B1rklareli" title="Província de Kırklareli">TR213</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bal%C4%B1kesir" title="Província de Balıkesir">TR221</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C3%87anakkale" title="Província de Çanakkale">TR222</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Esmirna" title="Província d&#39;Esmirna">TR310</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Província d&#39;Aydın">TR321</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Denizli" title="Província de Denizli">TR322</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mu%C4%9Fla" title="Província de Muğla">TR323</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Manisa" title="Província de Manisa">TR331</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Afyonkarahisar" title="Província d&#39;Afyonkarahisar">TR332</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_K%C3%BCtahya" title="Província de Kütahya">TR333</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27U%C5%9Fak" title="Província d&#39;Uşak">TR334</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bursa" title="Província de Bursa">TR411</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Eski%C5%9Fehir" title="Província d&#39;Eskişehir">TR412</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bilecik" title="Província de Bilecik">TR413</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kocaeli" title="Província de Kocaeli">TR421</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Sakarya" title="Província de Sakarya">TR422</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_D%C3%BCzce" title="Província de Düzce">TR423</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bolu" title="Província de Bolu">TR424</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Yalova" title="Província de Yalova">TR425</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ankara" title="Província d&#39;Ankara">TR510</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Konya" title="Província de Konya">TR521</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Karaman" title="Província de Karaman">TR522</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Antalya" title="Província d&#39;Antalya">TR611</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Isparta" title="Província d&#39;Isparta">TR612</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Burdur" title="Província de Burdur">TR613</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Adana" title="Província d&#39;Adana">TR621</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mersin" title="Província de Mersin">TR622</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Hatay" title="Província de Hatay">TR631</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Província de Kahramanmaraş">TR632</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Osmaniye" title="Província d&#39;Osmaniye">TR633</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_K%C4%B1r%C4%B1kkale" title="Província de Kırıkkale">TR711</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Aksaray" title="Província d&#39;Aksaray">TR712</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Ni%C4%9Fde" title="Província de Niğde">TR713</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Nev%C5%9Fehir" title="Província de Nevşehir">TR714</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_K%C4%B1r%C5%9Fehir" title="Província de Kırşehir">TR715</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kayseri" title="Província de Kayseri">TR721</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Sivas" title="Província de Sivas">TR722</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Yozgat" title="Província de Yozgat">TR723</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Zonguldak" title="Província de Zonguldak">TR811</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Karab%C3%BCk" title="Província de Karabük">TR812</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bart%C4%B1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Província de Bartın">TR813</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kastamonu" title="Província de Kastamonu">TR821</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C3%87ank%C4%B1r%C4%B1" title="Província de Çankırı">TR822</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Sinope" title="Província de Sinope">TR823</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Samsun" title="Província de Samsun">TR831</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tokat" title="Província de Tokat">TR832</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C3%87orum" title="Província de Çorum">TR833</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Amasya" title="Província d&#39;Amasya">TR834</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Trebisonda" title="Província de Trebisonda">TR901</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ordu" title="Província d&#39;Ordu">TR902</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Giresun" title="Província de Giresun">TR903</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Rize" title="Província de Rize">TR904</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Artvin" title="Província d&#39;Artvin">TR905</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane" title="Província de Gümüşhane">TR906</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Erzurum" title="Província d&#39;Erzurum">TRA11</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Erzincan" title="Província d&#39;Erzincan">TRA12</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bayburt" title="Província de Bayburt">TRA13</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27A%C4%9Fr%C4%B1" title="Província d&#39;Ağrı">TRA21</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kars" title="Província de Kars">TRA22</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tsolakert" title="Província de Tsolakert">TRA23</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ardahan" title="Província d&#39;Ardahan">TRA24</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Malatya" title="Província de Malatya">TRB11</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27El%C3%A2z%C4%B1%C4%9F" title="Província d&#39;Elâzığ">TRB12</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bing%C3%B6l" class="mw-redirect" title="Província de Bingöl">TRB13</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tunceli" title="Província de Tunceli">TRB14</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Van" title="Província de Van">TRB21</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mu%C5%9F" title="Província de Muş">TRB22</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bitlis" title="Província de Bitlis">TRB23</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Hakk%C3%A2ri" title="Província de Hakkâri">TRB24</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Gaziantep" title="Província de Gaziantep">TRC11</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ad%C4%B1yaman" title="Província d&#39;Adıyaman">TRC12</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kilis" title="Província de Kilis">TRC13</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" title="Província de Şanlıurfa">TRC21</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Província de Diyarbakır">TRC22</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mardin" title="Província de Mardin">TRC31</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Batman" class="mw-redirect" title="Província de Batman">TRC32</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak" title="Província de Şırnak">TRC33</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Siirt" title="Província de Siirt">TRC34</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LAU-1</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Districtes_de_Turquia" title="Districtes de Turquia">Districtes</a> (ilçe)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">LAU-2</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Llista_de_municipis_de_Turquia" class="mw-redirect" title="Llista de municipis de Turquia">Municipis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80rees_metropolitanes_de_Turquia" title="Àrees metropolitanes de Turquia">Àrees<br />metropolitanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Adana" title="Província d&#39;Adana">Adana</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ankara" title="Província d&#39;Ankara">Ankara</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Antalya" title="Província d&#39;Antalya">Antalya</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Província d&#39;Aydın">Aydın</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bal%C4%B1kesir" title="Província de Balıkesir">Balıkesir</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Bursa" title="Província de Bursa">Bursa</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Denizli" title="Província de Denizli">Denizli</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Província de Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Erzurum" title="Província d&#39;Erzurum">Erzurum</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Eski%C5%9Fehir" title="Província d&#39;Eskişehir">Eskişehir</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Esmirna" title="Província d&#39;Esmirna">Esmirna</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Gaziantep" title="Província de Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Hatay" title="Província de Hatay">Hatay</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Istanbul" title="Província d&#39;Istanbul">Istanbul</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kahramanmara%C5%9F" title="Província de Kahramanmaraş">Kahramanmaraş</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kayseri" title="Província de Kayseri">Kayseri</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Kocaeli" title="Província de Kocaeli">Kocaeli</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Konya" title="Província de Konya">Konya</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Malatya" title="Província de Malatya">Malatya</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Manisa" title="Província de Manisa">Manisa</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mardin" title="Província de Mardin">Mardin</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mersin" title="Província de Mersin">Mersin</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Mu%C4%9Fla" title="Província de Muğla">Muğla</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_d%27Ordu" title="Província d&#39;Ordu">Ordu</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Sakarya" title="Província de Sakarya">Sakarya</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Samsun" title="Província de Samsun">Samsun</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" title="Província de Şanlıurfa">Şanlıurfa</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Tekirda%C4%9F" title="Província de Tekirdağ">Tekirdağ</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Trebisonda" title="Província de Trebisonda">Trebisonda</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_de_Van" title="Província de Van">Van</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ciutats<br />més poblades</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Esmirna" title="Esmirna">Esmirna</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" title="Şanlıurfa">Şanlıurfa</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Eski%C5%9Fehir" title="Eskişehir">Eskişehir</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Denizli" title="Denizli">Denizli</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Maraix" title="Maraix">Maraix</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Samsun</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmit" title="İzmit">İzmit</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Adapazar%C4%B1" title="Adapazarı">Adapazarı</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_geogr%C3%A0fiques_de_Turquia" title="Regions geogràfiques de Turquia">Regions<br />geogràfiques</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia_Central" title="Anatòlia Central">Anatòlia Central</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia_Oriental" title="Regió d&#39;Anatòlia Oriental">Anatòlia Oriental</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia_del_Sud-est" title="Regió d&#39;Anatòlia del Sud-est">Anatòlia del Sud-est</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_l%27Egeu" title="Regió de l&#39;Egeu">Egeu</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_la_M%C3%A0rmara" title="Regió de la Màrmara">Màrmara</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_la_Mar_Negra" title="Regió de la Mar Negra">Mar Negra</a> &#160;&#8226; <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_de_la_Mediterr%C3%A0nia" title="Regió de la Mediterrània">Mediterrània</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Economia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Economia_de_Turquia" title="Economia de Turquia">Economia de Turquia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg/220px-View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg/330px-View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg/440px-View_of_Levent_financial_district_from_Istanbul_Sapphire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2106" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Levent" title="Levent">Levent</a></figcaption></figure> <p>L'economia dinàmica de Turquia és una barreja complexa d'<a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria" title="Indústria">indústria</a> moderna i agricultura tradicional, conservant aquesta última un 40% d'ocupació cap a l'any <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>. Té un sector privat en estat de creixement ràpid i estable; no obstant això, l'estat juga encara un rol bàsic en la indústria, activitats bancàries, transport i comunicacions. La <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria" title="Indústria">indústria</a> més important de Turquia i el seu principal producte d'exportació són les seves teles i robes, encara majoritàriament en mans privades. </p><p>Durant la major part del segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xx</span> —des de la institució de la República—, les polítiques econòmiques de Turquia incloïen els controls governamentals estrictes sobre la participació del <a href="/wiki/Sector_privat" title="Sector privat">sector privat</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Comer%C3%A7_internacional" title="Comerç internacional">comerç exterior</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Inversi%C3%B3_estrangera_directa" title="Inversió estrangera directa">inversió estrangera directa</a>. No obstant això, des de la dècada de <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>, Turquia va començar a implementar reformes de <a href="/wiki/Liberalitzaci%C3%B3_econ%C3%B2mica" title="Liberalització econòmica">liberalització econòmica</a>, iniciades pel primer ministre <a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a>, amb la intenció de crear una economia de mercat.<sup id="cite_ref-80sLiberalization_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80sLiberalization-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Les reformes van propiciar un creixement ràpid de l'economia, amb dues greus recessions, el 1994, el 1999 (després del terratrèmol del mateix any)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i el 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El creixement mitjà del <a href="/wiki/Producte_interior_brut" title="Producte interior brut">producte interior brut</a> anual entre 1981 i el 2003 va ser del 4%.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Segons un report de l'<a href="/wiki/OCDE" class="mw-redirect" title="OCDE">OCDE</a>, mancant reformes addicionals, a més del creixent <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A8ficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Dèficit">dèficit</a> del <a href="/wiki/Sector_p%C3%BAblic" title="Sector públic">sector públic</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Corrupci%C3%B3" title="Corrupció">corrupció</a> han tingut com a resultat una alta <a href="/wiki/Inflaci%C3%B3" title="Inflació">inflació</a>, un sector bancari debilitat i volatilitat <a href="/wiki/Macroeconomia" title="Macroeconomia">macroeconòmica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Des de la crisi econòmica del 2001 i les reformes del ministre de finances <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Dervi%C5%9F" title="Kemal Derviş">Kemal Derviş</a>, la inflació s'ha reduït a un dígit, i hi ha hagut un augment en la inversió estrangera. El <a href="/wiki/Fons_Monetari_Internacional" title="Fons Monetari Internacional">Fons Monetari Internacional</a> (FMI) ha pronosticat una inflació del 6% per al 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El creixement mitjà del PIB del 2002 al 2007 va ser del 7,4%,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> una de les economies de més ràpid creixement d'Europa i del món. </p><p>El 2007, la producció del sector agrícola representava el 8,9% del PIB, la del sector industrial el 30,8% i la del sector dels serveis el 59,3%.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El sector del <a href="/wiki/Turisme" title="Turisme">turisme</a> s'ha beneficiat d'un ràpid creixement durant els últims vint anys, i constitueix una part important de l'economia. El 2007, 27&#160;milions de persones van visitar Turquia, amb una despesa total de 18.500&#160;milions de dòlars.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Altres sectors importants són el sector bancari, la <a href="/wiki/Construcci%C3%B3" title="Construcció">construcció</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria_de_l%27autom%C3%B2bil_a_Turquia" title="Indústria de l&#39;automòbil a Turquia">indústria de l'automòbil</a>, els aparells electrònics, la <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria_t%C3%A8xtil" title="Indústria tèxtil">indústria tèxtil</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria_petroqu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Indústria petroquímica">indústria petroquímica</a>. Turquia és el sisè productor d'automòbils d'Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A causa de la inflació crònica, l'<a href="/wiki/1_de_gener" title="1 de gener">1 de gener</a> del <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> el govern va emetre una nova <a href="/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda">moneda</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Lira_turca" title="Lira turca">nova lira turca</a> (YTL), que va reemplaçar l'antiga lira turca (TL) a raó d'1 YTL per 1.000.000 TL.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> L'1 de gener del <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> la <i>nova lira turca</i> va reprendre el nom tradicional de <i>lira turca</i>. </p><p>L'economia turca és considerada com una de les noves economies emergents al món, amb un conjunt de països agrupats amb el nom de <i><a href="/wiki/CIVETS" title="CIVETS">CIVETS</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia_humana_i_societat">Geografia humana i societat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Geografia humana i societat"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:People_of_Turkey.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/People_of_Turkey.png/220px-People_of_Turkey.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/People_of_Turkey.png/330px-People_of_Turkey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/People_of_Turkey.png/440px-People_of_Turkey.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Poble turc</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Vegeu també: <a href="/wiki/Llista_de_ciutats_de_Turquia" title="Llista de ciutats de Turquia">Llista de ciutats de Turquia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografia_i_dinàmica_de_població"><span id="Demografia_i_din.C3.A0mica_de_poblaci.C3.B3"></span>Demografia i dinàmica de població</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Demografia i dinàmica de població"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La població de Turquia el 2011 s'estimava en 78.785.548, dels quals 39.708.547 són homes i 39.077.001 dones i la <a href="/wiki/Taxa_de_creixement_poblacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa de creixement poblacional">taxa de creixement poblacional</a> de l'1,04% anual. La <a href="/wiki/Densitat_de_poblaci%C3%B3" title="Densitat de població">densitat de població</a> és de 92&#160;habitants per quilòmetre quadrat, variant d'11 a 2.240 entre les províncies de Turquia. La <a href="/wiki/Poblaci%C3%B3_urbana" class="mw-redirect" title="Població urbana">població urbana</a> és el 70,5 del total. La meitat de la població turca és menor dels 28&#160;anys. Segons la <a href="/wiki/Pir%C3%A0mide_de_poblaci%C3%B3" title="Piràmide de població">piràmide de població</a>, el 26,4% dels turcs tenien entre 0 i 14&#160;anys el 2007, el 66,5% entre 15 i 64, i el 7,1% més de 65.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Segons les estadístiques governamentals, el 2005 l'<a href="/wiki/Esperan%C3%A7a_de_vida" title="Esperança de vida">esperança de vida</a> era de 68,9&#160;anys per als homes i 73,8 per a les dones, amb una mitjana de 71,3.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> L'educació a Turquia és obligatòria i gratuïta entre els 6 i els 15&#160;anys. La <a href="/wiki/Taxa_d%27alfabetisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa d&#39;alfabetisme">taxa d'alfabetisme</a> és de 95,3% per als homes i 79,6% per a les dones, amb una mitjana del 87,4%.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La diferència entre les taxes es deu a les actituds feudals en les àrees rurals del país, en especial al sud-est.<sup id="cite_ref-ciapeople_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciapeople-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Distribució_de_la_població_per_edat_i_gènere"><span id="Distribuci.C3.B3_de_la_poblaci.C3.B3_per_edat_i_g.C3.A8nere"></span>Distribució de la població per edat i gènere</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifica la secció: Distribució de la població per edat i gènere"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <caption><b>(Dades de l'any 2000)</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>0 - 4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">6 033 346 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="153" title="3075883" align="center">Homes </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="147" title="2957463" align="center">Dones </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 - 9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">6 449 363 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="164" title="3282547"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="158" title="3166816"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10-14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">6 615 428 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="168" title="3363787"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="162" title="3251641"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15-19 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">6 693 554 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="169" title="3398456"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="164" title="3295098"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20-24 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">6 390 252 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="161" title="3238204"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="157" title="3152048"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25-29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">5 845 812 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="149" title="2988153"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="142" title="2857659"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30-34 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">5 450 131 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="141" title="2822126"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="131" title="2628005"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35-39 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">4 759 742 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="123" title="2406409"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="114" title="2299333"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40-44 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">3 899 599 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="99" title="1922418"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="95" title="1907181"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>45-49 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">3 210 416 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="81" title="1624184"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="79" title="1586323"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>50-54 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">2 453 379 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="61" title="1220541"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="61" title="1232838"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>55-59 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">2 062 228 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="50" title="1014139"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="52" title="1048089"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>60-64 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">1 872 635 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="45" title="913008"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="47" title="959627"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>65-69 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">1 513 508 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="36" title="728657"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="39" title="784851"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>70-74 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">1 098 952 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="26" title="542373"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="28" title="574579"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>75-79 </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">720 935 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="16" title="329247"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="19" title="391688"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td>80+ </td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-left:1em">597 397 </td> <td nowrap=""> <table cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#9999ff" width="11" title="229322"><br /> </td> <td bgcolor="#ff9999" width="18" title="368075"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A causa de la demanda de <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A0_d%27obra" class="mw-redirect" title="Mà d&#39;obra">mà d'obra</a> a l'Europa de la postguerra, molts ciutadans turcs van emigrar a l'<a href="/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental">Europa occidental</a>, en especial a <a href="/wiki/Turcs_a_Alemanya" title="Turcs a Alemanya">Alemanya occidental</a>. Per altra banda, la <a href="/wiki/Caiguda_del_mur_de_Berl%C3%ADn" title="Caiguda del mur de Berlín">caiguda del mur de Berlín</a> va permetre la immigració estrangera a Turquia, en especial de les antigues repúbliques soviètiques i altres estats musulmans.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La <a href="/wiki/Taxa_neta_de_migraci%C3%B3" title="Taxa neta de migració">taxa neta de migració</a> és nul·la.<sup id="cite_ref-ciapeople_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciapeople-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etnografia">Etnografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifica la secció: Etnografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Vegeu també: <a href="/wiki/Turcs" title="Turcs">Turcs</a></div> <p>L'article 66è de la constitució de Turquia defineix <i>turc</i> com a qualsevol persona de l'estat turc amb ciutadania; per tant, el terme legal <i>turc</i> difereix de la definició ètnica. La majoria de la població turca és ètnicament turca; altres grups ètnics són els <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">kurds</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">circassians</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Zazes" title="Zazes">zazes</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">gitanos</a>, els àrabs i les tres minories reconegudes oficialment (a partir del <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Lausana" title="Tractat de Lausana">tractat de Lausana</a>): els grecs, els armenis i els jueus.<sup id="cite_ref-Turkey_Ethnic_groups_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turkey_Ethnic_groups-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Les minories, llevat de les tres oficials, no gaudeixen de cap privilegi especial com a grup; l'assimilació cultural de les minories és notable. Tot i que no hi ha dades exactes quant a la composició ètnica de l'estat —els censos oficials no n'hi inclouen cap—, s'estima que a prop del 80% de la població és ètnicament turca,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i que gairebé el 20% són kurds,<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> els quals habiten a l'Anatòlia oriental i són majoria en diverses províncies, com ara Ağrı, Bitlis, Bingöl, Diyarbakır, Hakkari, Mardin, Muş, Siirt, Şanlıurfa, i Van.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Llengua">Llengua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifica la secció: Llengua"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El <a href="/wiki/Turc" title="Turc">turc</a> és l'única <a href="/wiki/Llengua_oficial" title="Llengua oficial">llengua oficial</a> en tot l'estat,<sup id="cite_ref-TR_official_language_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR_official_language-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> una de les llengües oficials de <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a>, i és reconeguda com a <a href="/wiki/Llengua_regional" title="Llengua regional">llengua regional</a> al districte de <a href="/wiki/Prizren" class="mw-redirect" title="Prizren">Prizren</a> de <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, i una de les llengües oficials en diversos municipis de <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Maced%C3%B2nia_del_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="República de Macedònia del Nord">República de Macedònia del Nord</a>, estat en què els turcs són gairebé el 4% de la població total.<sup title="El text on hi ha aquest avís necessita una citació." class="noprint"><span class="noprint" style="color:blue;">&#91;<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Citau_les_fonts" title="Viquipèdia:Citau les fonts"><i>cal&#160;citació</i></a>&#93;</span></sup> </p><p>El <i>turc d'Istanbul</i> és la <a href="/wiki/Llengua_est%C3%A0ndard" title="Llengua estàndard">llengua estàndard</a> oficial de Turquia. Hi existeixen, tanmateix, diversos dialectes, tot i la influència de l'estàndard utilitzat en els mitjans de comunicació i en el sistema educatiu des de 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-Johanson_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johanson-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> No hi ha cap xifra oficial quant als usos lingüístics de la població turca, ja que els censos no en recullen cap informació, de llengua, ni d'etnicitat o afiliació religiosa. Tot i així, la <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye_Radyo_Televizyon_Kurumu" title="Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu">Corporació Turca de Ràdio i Televisió</a>, empresa pública, emet programes en diverses llengües locals i dialectes de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80rab" title="Àrab">àrab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%A0" title="Bosnià">bosnià</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circassians" title="Circassians">circassià</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurd" title="Kurd">kurd</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zazaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Zazaki">zazaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_i_estats_on_es_parlen_llengües_turqueses" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#7FFF00"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Poblesturcs" title="Plantilla:Poblesturcs"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_i_estats_on_es_parlen_llengües_turqueses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%B3" title="Regió">Regions</a> i <a href="/wiki/Estat" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat">estats</a> on es parlen <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_turqueses" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengües turqueses">llengües turqueses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#7FFF00"><b>Túrquic Occidental</b></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera d&#39;Azerbaitjan"><img alt="Bandera d&#39;Azerbaitjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baixkortostan"><img alt="Baixkortostan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Baixk%C3%ADria" title="Baixkíria">Baixkíria</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera Txuvàixia"><img alt="Bandera Txuvàixia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chuvashia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Txuv%C3%A0ixia" title="Txuvàixia">Txuvàixia</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Xipre"><img alt="Bandera de Xipre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a><sup>3</sup> - <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Flag"><img alt="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Turca_de_Xipre_del_Nord" title="República Turca de Xipre del Nord">República Turca de Xipre del Nord</a><sup>3</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flagge_Gagausien_01_01.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gagauzia Flag"><img alt="Gagauzia Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flagge_Gagausien_01_01.png/20px-Flagge_Gagausien_01_01.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flagge_Gagausien_01_01.png/30px-Flagge_Gagausien_01_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flagge_Gagausien_01_01.png/40px-Flagge_Gagausien_01_01.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gaga%C3%BAsia" title="Gagaúsia">Gagaúsia</a><sup>4</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kabardino-Balkaria Flag"><img alt="Kabardino-Balkaria Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balk%C3%A0ria" title="Kabardino-Balkària">Kabardino-Balkària</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karachay-Cherkessia Flag"><img alt="Karachay-Cherkessia Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Karatxai-Txerk%C3%A8ssia" title="Karatxai-Txerkèssia">Karatxai-Txerkèssia</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Karakalpakstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karakalpakstan Flag"><img alt="Karakalpakstan Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Karakalpakstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Karakalpakstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Karakalpakstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Karakalpakstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Karakalpakstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Karakalpakstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Karakalpakstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakalpakstan">Karakalpakstan</a><sup>5</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tatarstan Flag"><img alt="Tatarstan Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tatarstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Turkmenistan"><img alt="Bandera de Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Turquia"><img alt="Turquia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turquia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="People&#39;s Republic of China Flag"><img alt="People&#39;s Republic of China Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a><sup>6</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#7FFF00"><b>Túrquic Oriental</b></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Altai Republic Flag"><img alt="Altai Republic Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_Altai_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_l%27Altai" title="República de l&#39;Altai">República de l'Altai</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Khakassia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khakàssia Flag"><img alt="Khakàssia Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Khakassia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Khakassia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Khakassia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Khakassia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Khakassia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Khakassia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Khak%C3%A0ssia" title="Khakàssia">Khakàssia</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Kirguistan"><img alt="Bandera de Kirguistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirguizstan" title="Kirguizstan">Kirguizstan</a><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Sakha.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sakha Flag"><img alt="Sakha Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_Sakha.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sakha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_Sakha.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sakha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_Sakha.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sakha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sakh%C3%A0" title="Sakhà">Sakhà</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Tuva.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tuva Flag"><img alt="Tuva Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Tuva.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tuva.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Tuva.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tuva.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Tuva.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tuva.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tuv%C3%A0" title="Tuvà">Tuvà</a><sup>2</sup></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#7FFF00"><div><p style="font-size:85%;">Notes: <sup>1</sup> Inclou la <a href="/wiki/Nakhtxivan" title="Nakhtxivan">República Autònoma de Nakhichevan</a>; (2) Subjecte federal de la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Federació Russa</a>; <sup>3</sup> Veure <a href="/wiki/Conflicte_de_Xipre" title="Conflicte de Xipre">Conflicte de Xipre</a>; <sup>4</sup> Gagaúsia és una entitat territorial autònoma de <a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%A0via" title="Moldàvia">Moldàvia</a>; <sup>5</sup> Karakalpakstan és una república autònoma de l'Uzbekistan; <sup>6</sup> Xinjiang Uighur és una regió autònoma de la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_Xina" title="República Popular de la Xina">República Popular de la Xina</a>.</p></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religió"><span id="Religi.C3.B3"></span>Religió</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifica la secció: Religió"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG/220px-Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG/330px-Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG/440px-Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>La <a href="/wiki/Mesquita_de_Selimiye" title="Mesquita de Selimiye">mesquita de Selimiye</a>, una de les mesquites més reconegudes de Turquia</figcaption></figure> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> és la religió més practicada a Turquia; nominalment el 99% dels turcs són musulmans,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dels quals més del 75% pertanyen a la branca <a href="/wiki/Sunnisme" title="Sunnisme">sunnita</a> de l'islam. Una minoria considerable, de més del 20% de la població musulmana, està afiliada a la secta <a href="/wiki/Xiisme" title="Xiisme">xi'a</a> <a href="/wiki/Alevis" title="Alevis">alevi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Els <a href="/wiki/Bektaixisme" title="Bektaixisme">bektaixi</a> pertanyen a un orde <a href="/wiki/Suf%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufí">sufí</a> de l'islam que és originari de Turquia, que té molts seguidors a la península dels Balcans. L'escola de l'<a href="/wiki/Hanefisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanefisme">hanefisme</a> de l'islam sunnita és organitzada per l'estat, per mitjà del Departament d'Afers Religiosos, que controla les mesquites i el clergat. La resta de la població professa el <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a>, en especial les denominacions <a href="/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Ortodoxa_Grega" class="mw-redirect" title="Església Ortodoxa Grega">ortodoxa grega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Apost%C3%B2lica_Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Església Apostòlica Armènia">apostòlica armènia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_Romana" title="Església Catòlica Romana">catòlica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Ortodoxa_Sir%C3%ADaca" title="Església Ortodoxa Siríaca">ortodoxa síria</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestant</a>, així com el <a href="/wiki/Judaisme" title="Judaisme">judaisme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sefardita" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefardita">sefardita</a> i <a href="/wiki/Asquenazita" class="mw-redirect" title="Asquenazita">asquenazita</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turquia és un estat <a href="/wiki/Secularitat" title="Secularitat">secular</a> sense cap religió oficial.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Té una llarga i forta tradició secular, des de les esmenes de 1928 a la constitució, seguint essencialment el model francès de laïcitat, en què l'estat supervisa activament les pràctiques religioses. La constitució atorga la <a href="/wiki/Llibertat_religiosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Llibertat religiosa">llibertat religiosa</a> a tots els individus; les comunitats religioses es troben sota la protecció de l'estat i no poden involucrar-se en el procés polític (com ara formar un partit religiós), ni poden establir escoles religioses. La llei turca prohibeix l'ús del <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a> (el vel islàmic) als edificis de govern, a les escoles i a les universitats.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La llei va rebre el suport de la <a href="/wiki/Tribunal_Europeu_de_Drets_Humans" title="Tribunal Europeu de Drets Humans">Cort Europea dels Drets Humans</a>, com a "legítima", en un cas presentat per Leyla Şahin en contra del govern, el 10 de novembre, 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> L'<a href="/wiki/Forces_Armades_de_Turquia" title="Forces Armades de Turquia">exèrcit</a> ha assumit el paper de vigilant de la laïcitat de la política turca, la qual consideren un dels principis de fundació de l'estat, i ha intervingut en nombroses ocasions en la política per assegurar-la.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifica la secció: Cultura"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg/170px-Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg/255px-Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg/340px-Orhan_Pamuk_2009_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1955" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> és un dels novel·listes turcs contemporanis més importants, guanyador del <a href="/wiki/Premi_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Premi Nobel de Literatura">Premi Nobel de Literatura</a> de l'any 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Turquia té una cultura molt diversa, que és una barreja de diversos elements <a href="/wiki/Pobles_t%C3%BArquics" title="Pobles túrquics">oğuz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Anatòlia">anatòlics</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_de_l%27Imperi_Otom%C3%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura de l&#39;Imperi Otomà (encara no existeix)">otomans</a> (que era en si mateix una continuació de les cultures <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3n_grecorom%C3%A0" title="Món grecoromà">grecoromana</a> i <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islàmica</a>) i la <a href="/wiki/Cultura_occidental" title="Cultura occidental">cultura occidental</a> i les tradicions, que es va iniciar amb <a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">l'occidentalització de l'Imperi Otomà</a> i continua fins avui. Aquesta barreja originàriament va començar com a resultat de la trobada dels turcs i la seva cultura amb les dels pobles que es trobaven en el seu camí durant <a href="/wiki/Migraci%C3%B3_turca" class="mw-redirect" title="Migració turca">la seva migració</a> des de l'Àsia central a Occident.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_culture_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR_culture-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A l'reeixida transformació de Turquia, des de l'antic Imperi Otomà, basat en la religió, en un estat nació modern, amb una separació molt forta entre estat i religió, li seguí un fort creixement en les formes d'expressió artística. Durant els primers anys de la república, el govern va invertir una gran quantitat de recursos en art, com ara museus, teatres, òperes i arquitectura. Diversos factors històrics tenen un paper important en la definició de la identitat turca moderna. La cultura turca és un producte dels esforços per ser un estat "modern" occidental, mentre es mantenen els valors religiosos tradicionals i històrics.<sup id="cite_ref-TR_culture_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TR_culture-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:DolmabahceMainGate.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/DolmabahceMainGate.JPG/220px-DolmabahceMainGate.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/DolmabahceMainGate.JPG/330px-DolmabahceMainGate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/DolmabahceMainGate.JPG/440px-DolmabahceMainGate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1178" data-file-height="947" /></a><figcaption>Una de les entrades principals del <a href="/wiki/Palau_de_Dolmabah%C3%A7e" title="Palau de Dolmabahçe">palau de Dolmabahçe</a> a Istanbul</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BAsica_de_Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Música de Turquia (encara no existeix)">música</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Literatura_turca" title="Literatura turca">literatura</a> turques són molt bons exemples d'aquesta mena de barreja d'influències culturals, que van ser el resultat de la interacció entre l'Imperi Otomà i el món islàmic, juntament amb Europa, que per tant van contribuir a una barreja de tradicions turques, islàmiques i europees en la moderna música i literatura turques.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La literatura turca va ser fortament influïda per les literatures <a href="/wiki/Literatura_persa" title="Literatura persa">persa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Literatura_%C3%A0rab" title="Literatura àrab">àrab</a> durant la major part de l'època otomana, tot i que, cap al final de l'Imperi Otomà, especialment després del període de la <a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a>, l'efecte del folklore turc i les tradicions literàries europees es deixà sentir cada cop més. La barreja d'influències culturals és dramatitzada, per exemple, en la forma dels «nous símbols del xoc i l'entrellaçament de cultures», que es veu reflectida en les obres d'<a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a>, guanyador, el 2006, del <a href="/wiki/Premi_Nobel_de_Literatura" title="Premi Nobel de Literatura">Premi Nobel de Literatura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Segons els investigadors d'opinió pública de Konda, el 70% dels ciutadans turcs mai no llegeixen llibres.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els elements arquitectònics que es troben a Turquia són també testimonis de la barreja única de tradicions que han influït en la regió durant segles. A més dels tradicionals <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_romana_d%27Orient" title="Arquitectura romana d&#39;Orient">elements romans d'Orient</a> presents en nombroses parts de Turquia, en tot l'estat, així com en molts antics territoris de l'Imperi Otomà, trobem molts elements de la tardana <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_otomana" title="Arquitectura otomana">arquitectura otomana</a>, amb la seva exquisida barreja de tradicions locals i islàmiques. <a href="/wiki/Mimar_Sinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimar Sinan">Mimar Sinan</a> és àmpliament considerat com el més gran arquitecte de l'època clàssica de l'arquitectura otomana. Des del segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span>, l'arquitectura turca ha estat cada vegada més influenciada pels estils occidentals, i això es pot veure particularment a Istanbul, on els edificis com el <a href="/wiki/Palau_de_Dolmabah%C3%A7e" title="Palau de Dolmabahçe">palau de Dolmabahçe</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Palau_de_%C3%87%C4%B1ra%C4%9Fan" title="Palau de Çırağan">palau de Çırağan</a> es juxtaposen al costat de nombrosos gratacels moderns, tots aquests en representació de diferents tradicions.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esports">Esports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifica la secció: Esports"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'esport més popular a Turquia és el <a href="/wiki/Futbol" title="Futbol">futbol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Entre els millors equips de Turquia podem citar el <a href="/wiki/Galatasaray_Spor_Kul%C3%BCb%C3%BC" title="Galatasaray Spor Kulübü">Galatasaray SK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenerbah%C3%A7e_Spor_Kul%C3%BCb%C3%BC" title="Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü">Fenerbahçe SK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trabzonspor" class="mw-redirect" title="Trabzonspor">Trabzonspor</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F_Jimnastik_Kul%C3%BCb%C3%BC" title="Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü">Beşiktaş JK</a>. L'any 2000, el Galatasaray fonamentà el seu rol de major club europeu, en guanyar la <a href="/wiki/Lliga_Europa_de_la_UEFA" title="Lliga Europa de la UEFA">Lliga Europa de la UEFA</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Supercopa_d%27Europa_de_futbol" title="Supercopa d&#39;Europa de futbol">Supercopa d'Europa de futbol</a>. Dos anys més tard, la selecció Nacional de Turquia va acabar tercera en el <a href="/wiki/Copa_del_M%C3%B3n_de_Futbol_de_2002" title="Copa del Món de Futbol de 2002">mundial de futbol del 2002</a>, mentre que el 2008, l'equip nacional aconseguí arribar a les semifinals de l'<a href="/wiki/Campionat_d%27Europa_de_futbol_2008" title="Campionat d&#39;Europa de futbol 2008">Eurocopa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_Olimpiyat_Stadyumu" class="mw-redirect" title="Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadyumu">L'Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadyumu</a> a Istanbul va ser la seu de la final de la <a href="/wiki/Lliga_de_Campions_de_la_UEFA_2004-05" title="Lliga de Campions de la UEFA 2004-05">Lliga de Campions de la UEFA 2004-05</a> mentre que el <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Saraco%C4%9Flu_Stadyumu" title="Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadyumu">Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadyumu</a> a Istanbul va ser la seu de la final de la <a href="/wiki/Copa_de_la_UEFA_2008-2009" title="Copa de la UEFA 2008-2009">Copa de la UEFA 2008-2009</a>. </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/Basquetbol" title="Basquetbol">basquetbol</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Voleibol" title="Voleibol">voleibol</a> també són esports populars. Turquia va ser la seu de les finals de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=EuroBasket_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="EuroBasket 2001 (encara no existeix)">EuroBasket 2001</a> i del <a href="/wiki/Campionat_del_M%C3%B3n_de_b%C3%A0squet_mascul%C3%AD_del_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Campionat del Món de bàsquet masculí del 2010">Campionat del Món de bàsquet masculí del 2010</a>, i va aconseguir la segona plaça en ambdues ocasions; mentre l'<a href="/wiki/Efes_Pilsen_S.K." class="mw-redirect" title="Efes Pilsen S.K.">Efes Pilsen SK</a> guanyava la <a href="/wiki/Copa_Kora%C4%87" title="Copa Korać">Copa Korać</a> el 1996, acabava segon en la <a href="/wiki/Recopa_d%27Europa_de_b%C3%A0squet" title="Recopa d&#39;Europa de bàsquet">Copa Saporta</a> de 1993, i arribava a la <i>Final Four</i> de l'<a href="/wiki/Eurolliga_de_b%C3%A0squet" title="Eurolliga de bàsquet">Eurolliga</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=FIBA_SuproLeague&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="FIBA SuproLeague (encara no existeix)">Suprolliga</a> els anys 2000 i 2001. Basquetbolistes turcs com ara <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Okur" title="Mehmet Okur">Mehmet Okur</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hidayet_T%C3%BCrko%C4%9Flu" title="Hidayet Türkoğlu">Hidayet Türkoğlu</a> han assolit també l'èxit a l'<a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a>. Els equips de voleibol femenins, com ara l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eczac%C4%B1ba%C5%9F%C4%B1_Istanbul&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eczacıbaşı Istanbul (encara no existeix)">Eczacıbaşı</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vak%C4%B1fBank_G%C3%BCne%C5%9F_Sigorta_T%C3%BCrk_Telekom&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="VakıfBank Güneş Sigorta Türk Telekom (encara no existeix)">Vakıfbank Güneş Sigorta</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenerbah%C3%A7e_Ac%C4%B1badem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenerbahçe Acıbadem (encara no existeix)">Fenerbahçe Acıbadem</a>, han aconseguit diversos títols de Campiones d'Europa i medalles. </p><p>L'esport nacional turc tradicional ha estat la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%C4%9Fl%C4%B1_g%C3%BCre%C5%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yağlı güreş (encara no existeix)">yağlı güreş</a> (<i>lluita oliosa</i>) des de temps dels otomans.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a> ha estat la seu del torneig anual de lluita oliosa <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%B1rkp%C4%B1nar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kırkpınar (encara no existeix)">Kırkpınar</a> des de 1361.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Els estils de lluita internacional reconeguts per la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federaci%C3%B3_Internacional_de_Lluites_Associades&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Federació Internacional de Lluites Associades (encara no existeix)">Federació Internacional de Lluites Associades</a> com ara la <a href="/wiki/Lluita_lliure" title="Lluita lliure">lluita lliure</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Lluita_grecoromana" title="Lluita grecoromana">lluita grecoromana</a> també són populars, i diversos esportistes turcs han aconseguit campionats d'Europa, medalles olímpiques o campionats del món, tant en modalitat individual com per equips.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Halterof%C3%ADlia" title="Halterofília">halterofília</a> ha estat un esport amb molt d'èxit per a Turquia. Els aixecadors turcs, tant homes com dones, han batut nombrosos rècords i han guanyat diversos campionats europeus, mundials i olímpics. <a href="/wiki/Naim_Suleymanoglu" class="mw-redirect" title="Naim Suleymanoglu">Naim Suleymanoglu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Halil_Mutlu" title="Halil Mutlu">Halil Mutlu</a> han assolit un estatus llegendari com uns dels pocs aixecadors que han aconseguit guanyar tres medalles d'or en tres olimpíades diferents. </p><p>Els <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esports_de_motor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Esports de motor (encara no existeix)">esports de motor</a> també són populars a Turquia. El <a href="/wiki/Ral%C2%B7li_de_Turquia" title="Ral·li de Turquia">ral·li de Turquia</a> va ser inclòs en el calendari de la FIA per al <a href="/wiki/Campionat_Mundial_de_Ral%C2%B7lis" title="Campionat Mundial de Ral·lis">Campionat Mundial de Ral·lis</a> en 2003, mentre la <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_1" title="Fórmula 1">Fórmula 1</a> ha celebrat anualment la seva cursa al <a href="/wiki/Circuit_de_Turquia" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit de Turquia">circuit de Turquia</a> entre el <a href="/wiki/Gran_Premi_de_Turquia_del_2005" title="Gran Premi de Turquia del 2005">2005</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Gran_Premi_de_Turquia_del_2011" title="Gran Premi de Turquia del 2011">2011</a>. Tanmateix, el <a href="/wiki/Gran_Premi_de_Turquia" title="Gran Premi de Turquia">Gran Premi de Turquia</a> no ha estat inclòs al <a href="/wiki/Temporada_2012_de_F%C3%B3rmula_1" title="Temporada 2012 de Fórmula 1">proper calendari del 2012</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Altres importants esdeveniments tenen lloc també al circuit de carreres d'Istanbul Park, com ara el <a href="/wiki/Motociclisme_de_velocitat" title="Motociclisme de velocitat">Gran Premi MotoGP de Turquia</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Campionat_Mundial_de_Turismes" title="Campionat Mundial de Turismes">Campionat Mundial de Turismes</a> de la <a href="/wiki/FIA" class="mw-redirect" title="FIA">FIA</a>, les <a href="/wiki/GP2_Series" title="GP2 Series">GP2 Series</a> i les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Mans_Series&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Mans Series (encara no existeix)">Le Mans Series</a>. De tant en tant, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> i <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a> han estat la seu de la competició turca del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campionat_del_M%C3%B3n_d%27F1_Powerboat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Campionat del Món d&#39;F1 Powerboat (encara no existeix)">Campionat del Món d'F1 Powerboat</a>; mentre que la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Bull_Air_Race_World_Series&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Bull Air Race World Series (encara no existeix)">Red Bull Air Race World Series</a>, una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Competici%C3%B3_aeron%C3%A0utica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Competició aeronàutica (encara no existeix)">competició aeronàutica</a>, té lloc sobre el <a href="/wiki/Corn_d%27Or" title="Corn d&#39;Or">Corn d'Or</a> a Istanbul. El surf, l'snowboard, l'skateboard, el vol en parapent i altres esports extrems han esdevingut més populars any rere any. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Articles principals: <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_Turquia" title="Història de Turquia">Història de Turquia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Història_preturca_d'Anatòlia"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria_preturca_d.27Anat.C3.B2lia"></span>Història preturca d'Anatòlia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifica la secció: Història preturca d&#039;Anatòlia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia" title="Història d&#39;Anatòlia">Història d'Anatòlia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Walls_of_Troy_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg/220px-Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg/330px-Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg/440px-Walls_of_Troy_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>Muralles de la mítica ciutat de <a href="/wiki/Troia" title="Troia">Troia</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_d%27Anat%C3%B2lia" class="mw-redirect" title="Península d&#39;Anatòlia">península d'Anatòlia</a>, també coneguda com l'<i>Àsia Menor</i>, ha estat una de les regions més habitades des de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_antiga" title="Edat antiga">edat antiga</a>, atesa la seva localització com a intersecció entre Àsia i Europa. Els assentaments <a href="/wiki/Neol%C3%ADtic" title="Neolític">neolítics</a> de <a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatalhöyük">Çatalhöyük</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ay%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Çayönü">Çayönü</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neval%C4%B1_%C3%87ori" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevalı Çori">Nevalı Çori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hacilar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacilar">Hacilar</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe" title="Göbekli Tepe">Göbekli Tepe</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a>, són dels més antics del món.<sup id="cite_ref-AnatoliaNeolithic_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnatoliaNeolithic-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> L'assentament de <a href="/wiki/Troia" title="Troia">Troia</a> començà des del neolític i continuà fins a <a href="/wiki/Edat_de_ferro" class="mw-redirect" title="Edat de ferro">l'edat del ferro</a>. Segons els registres històrics, els habitants de la península han parlat <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llengües indoeuropees">llengües indoeuropees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_sem%C3%ADtiques" title="Llengües semítiques">semítiques</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_cauc%C3%A0siques" title="Llengües caucàsiques">caucàsiques</a>. De fet, atesa l'antiguitat de la <a href="/wiki/Llengua_hitita" title="Llengua hitita">llengua hitita</a> i la llengua <a href="/wiki/Luvita" class="mw-redirect" title="Luvita">luvita</a>, ambdues indoeuropees, alguns lingüistes han proposat que Anatòlia podria ser el centre hipotètic des del qual s'estendrien totes les llengües d'aquesta família.<sup id="cite_ref-AnatoliaIndoEuropean_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnatoliaIndoEuropean-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>El primer imperi més important de l'àrea fou el dels <a href="/wiki/Hitites" title="Hitites">hitites</a>, del segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span> al segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiii</span>&#160;aC. Després, s'hi establí el <a href="/wiki/Regne_de_Fr%C3%ADgia" title="Regne de Frígia">Regne de Frígia</a>, un poble també indoeuropeu, fins que fou destruït pels <a href="/wiki/Cimmeris" title="Cimmeris">cimmeris</a> el segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">vii</span>&#160;aC.<sup id="cite_ref-TroyHittiteEmpirePhrygians_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TroyHittiteEmpirePhrygians-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Els successors més poderosos de Frígia foren els estats de <a href="/wiki/Regne_de_L%C3%ADdia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regne de Lídia">Lídia</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0ria" title="Cària">Cària</a> i <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADcia" title="Lícia">Lícia</a>. Els lidis i els licis parlaven llengües fonamentalment indoeuropees, tot i que ambdues adquiriren elements no indoeuropeus abans dels períodes hitita i <a href="/wiki/Civilitzaci%C3%B3_hel%C2%B7l%C3%A8nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilització hel·lènica">hel·lènic</a>. </p><p>Des del 1200&#160;aC, la costa oriental d'Anatòlia fou habitada pels pobles <a href="/wiki/Grecs" title="Grecs">grecs</a> <a href="/wiki/Eolis" title="Eolis">eolis</a> i <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B2nics" class="mw-redirect" title="Jònics">jònics</a>. Tot el territori fou conquerit per l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Persa" title="Imperi Persa">Imperi Persa</a> durant els segles&#160;VI i V aC, i després per <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Magne" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Magne">Alexandre el Gran</a> el 334&#160;aC.<sup id="cite_ref-PersiansInAsiaMinor_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PersiansInAsiaMinor-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Anatòlia fou posteriorment dividida en molts regnes hel·lènics petits, com ara <a href="/wiki/Regne_de_Bit%C3%ADnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regne de Bitínia">Bitínia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capad%C3%B2cia" title="Capadòcia">Capadòcia</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8rgam" title="Pèrgam">Pèrgam</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontus">Pontus</a>, tots els quals sucumbiren a l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Romà">Imperi Romà</a> el primer segle aC.<sup id="cite_ref-AlexanderToRome_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlexanderToRome-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El 324 dC, l'emperador romà <a href="/wiki/Constant%C3%AD_I_el_Gran" title="Constantí I el Gran">Constantí I el Gran</a> trià <a href="/wiki/Bizanci" title="Bizanci">Bizanci</a> per convertir-la en la nova capital de l'Imperi Romà, i la reanomenà com a <i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Roma" title="Nova Roma">Nova Roma</a></i> (després <a href="/wiki/Constantinoble" title="Constantinoble">Constantinoble</a> i <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>). Després de la caiguda de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Occident" title="Imperi Romà d&#39;Occident">Imperi Romà d'Occident</a>, es convertí en la capital de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d&#39;Orient">Imperi Romà d'Orient</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Els_turcs_i_l'Imperi_Otomà"><span id="Els_turcs_i_l.27Imperi_Otom.C3.A0"></span>Els turcs i l'Imperi Otomà</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifica la secció: Els turcs i l&#039;Imperi Otomà"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:OttomanEmpireIn1683.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OttomanEmpireIn1683.png/220px-OttomanEmpireIn1683.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OttomanEmpireIn1683.png/330px-OttomanEmpireIn1683.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/OttomanEmpireIn1683.png/440px-OttomanEmpireIn1683.png 2x" data-file-width="1966" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption>Màxima expansió de l'Imperi Otomà, el 1683</figcaption></figure> <p>La <i>Casa de Seljuq</i> era un clan de la tribu <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C4%B1n%C4%B1k&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kınık (encara no existeix)">Kınık</a> que pertanyia a l'horda dels <a href="/wiki/Oghuz" title="Oghuz">turcs oghuz</a> i que al segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">ix</span> residien a les perifèries del món musulmà, al nord de la <a href="/wiki/Mar_C%C3%A0spia" title="Mar Càspia">mar Càspia</a> i del <a href="/wiki/Mar_d%27Aral" title="Mar d&#39;Aral">mar d'Aral</a> al <a href="/wiki/Kagan" title="Kagan">kagan</a> de la confederació d'Oğuz.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> En el segle&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">x</span>, els <a href="/wiki/Selj%C3%BAcides" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljúcides">seljúcides</a> començaren a emigrar de les seves llars ancestrals a les regions orientals d'Anatòlia, que amb el temps, es convertí en la nova llar de les tribus turques d'Oğuz, després de la <a href="/wiki/Batalla_de_Mantziciert" title="Batalla de Mantziciert">batalla de Mantziciert</a> el <a href="/wiki/1071" title="1071">1071</a>. La victòria dels seljúcides creà el <a href="/wiki/Soldanat_de_Rum" title="Soldanat de Rum">Soldanat de Rum</a>, que es desenvolupà com a branca separada de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Selj%C3%BAcida" title="Imperi Seljúcida">Imperi Seljúcida</a>, que abastava àmplies regions de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia_central" title="Àsia central">Àsia central</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, Anatòlia i l'<a href="/wiki/Orient_Pr%C3%B2xim" title="Orient Pròxim">Orient Pròxim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/1243" title="1243">1243</a>, els exèrcits seljúcides foren derrotats pels <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">mongols</a> i el poder de l'imperi es desintegrà lentament. La tribu dels <a href="/wiki/Kay%C4%B1" title="Kayı">Kayı</a>, governada per <a href="/wiki/Osman_I" title="Osman I">Osman I</a>, es convertí en la base de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Otomà">Imperi Otomà</a>, ocupant així el buit que deixà el col·lapse del poder dels seljúcides i dels romans d'Orient.<sup id="cite_ref-Ottomans_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottomans-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> L'Imperi Otomà interaccionà amb les cultures orientals i occidentals durant la seva vida, de 623&#160;anys. En els segles&#160;<span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvi</span> i <span title="Nombre&#160;escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span>, fou una de les entitats més poderoses del món,<sup id="cite_ref-Ottoman_Turkey_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottoman_Turkey-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guerres_otomanes_a_Europa" title="Guerres otomanes a Europa">i es va confrontar</a> al <a href="/wiki/Sacre_Imperi_Romanogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic">Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic</a> a l'Europa Central, a les forces espanyoles i vènetes al <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterrani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Mediterrani">mar Mediterrani</a>, i fins i tot als portuguesos, en defendre el seu monopoli sobre les antigues rutes comercials marítimes entre l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia_oriental" title="Àsia oriental">Àsia oriental</a> i l'<a href="/wiki/Europa_Occidental" title="Europa Occidental">Europa Occidental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ottomans_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottomans-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>El 1876 es va constituir el primer parlament turc, el qual durà poc per la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_russo-turca" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra russo-turca">Guerra russo-turca</a> (1877-1878). Entre el 1908 i el 1920, va operar el Parlament Otomà, clausurat per les forces britàniques per trobar-lo massa nacionalista. Com a reacció, les diverses forces nacionalistes turques van constituir la que seria la institució parlamentària més important de l'estat fins a l'actualitat: la Gran Assemblea Nacional Turca.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuran2008258_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuran2008258-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Després de molts anys de decaïment, l'Imperi Otomà entrà en la <a href="/wiki/Primera_Guerra_Mundial" title="Primera Guerra Mundial">Primera Guerra Mundial</a> en l'aliança otomanogermànica, el 1914, la qual fou derrotada el 1918. Després de la guerra, els <a href="/wiki/Aliats_de_la_Primera_Guerra_Mundial" title="Aliats de la Primera Guerra Mundial">aliats</a> <a href="/wiki/Partici%C3%B3_de_l%27Imperi_Otom%C3%A0" title="Partició de l&#39;Imperi Otomà">dividiren l'Imperi Otomà</a> en el <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_S%C3%A8vres" title="Tractat de Sèvres">tractat de Sèvres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ottomans_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottomans-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etapa_republicana">Etapa republicana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifica la secció: Etapa republicana"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Vegeu també: <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Atat%C3%BCrk_%C5%9Fapkas%C4%B1yla_selam_verirken.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Atat%C3%BCrk_%C5%9Fapkas%C4%B1yla_selam_verirken.jpg/170px-Atat%C3%BCrk_%C5%9Fapkas%C4%B1yla_selam_verirken.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Atat%C3%BCrk_%C5%9Fapkas%C4%B1yla_selam_verirken.jpg/255px-Atat%C3%BCrk_%C5%9Fapkas%C4%B1yla_selam_verirken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Atat%C3%BCrk_%C5%9Fapkas%C4%B1yla_selam_verirken.jpg/340px-Atat%C3%BCrk_%C5%9Fapkas%C4%B1yla_selam_verirken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Atatürk</a> és el fundador i primer president de la República Turca</figcaption></figure> <p>L'ocupació d'Istambul i d'<a href="/wiki/Esmirna" title="Esmirna">Esmirna</a> per les forces aliades després de la Primera Guerra mundial provocà l'establiment del moviment nacional turc.<sup id="cite_ref-Ottoman_Turkey_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottoman_Turkey-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sota el lideratge del <a href="/wiki/Paix%C3%A0" title="Paixà">paixà</a> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Kemal">Mustafa Kemal</a>, prominent comandant militar durant la <a href="/wiki/Batalla_de_Gal%C2%B7l%C3%ADpoli_(1915)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batalla de Gal·lípoli (1915)">batalla de Gal·lípoli (1915)</a>, es lliurà la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_d%27Independ%C3%A8ncia_Turca" title="Guerra d&#39;Independència Turca">Guerra d'Independència turca</a>, amb la intenció de revocar els termes del tractat de Sèvres.<sup id="cite_ref-Atatürk_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atatürk-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El <a href="/wiki/18_de_setembre" title="18 de setembre">18 de setembre</a> del <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>, els exèrcits ocupants foren expulsats i nasqué el nou estat turc. L'<a href="/wiki/1_de_novembre" title="1 de novembre">1 de novembre</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Gran_Assemblea_Nacional_de_Turquia" title="Gran Assemblea Nacional de Turquia">Gran Assemblea Nacional de Turquia</a> abolí formalment el soldanat, acabant així els 623&#160;anys del govern otomà. El <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Lausana" title="Tractat de Lausana">tractat de Lausana</a> de 1923 reconegué internacionalment la sobirania de la nova República de Turquia com a <a href="/wiki/Estat_successor" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat successor">estat successor</a> de l'Imperi Otomà; la república fou proclamada oficialment el <a href="/wiki/29_d%27octubre" title="29 d&#39;octubre">29 d'octubre</a>, <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> es designà com a <a href="/wiki/Capital" title="Capital">capital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ottoman_Turkey_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottoman_Turkey-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a> es convertí en el primer <a href="/wiki/President_de_Turquia" title="President de Turquia">president de Turquia</a>, i introduí les <a href="/wiki/Reformes_d%27Atat%C3%BCrk" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformes d&#39;Atatürk">diverses reformes radicals</a> amb la intenció de fundar una nova república secular dels romanents del passat otomà.<sup id="cite_ref-Ottoman_Turkey_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottoman_Turkey-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Aquest període de la història turca es va caracteritzar per ser governat per un partit únic (entre el 1923 i 1946),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuran2008259_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuran2008259-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> car el partit polític guanyador de les eleccions va ocupar tots els escons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuran2008258-259_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuran2008258-259-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Segons la Llei dels noms familiars, el parlament turc atorgà a Mustafa Kemal el nom honorífic d'Atatürk, 'pare dels turcs', el 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-Atatürk_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atatürk-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turquia participà en la <a href="/wiki/Segona_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segona Guerra Mundial">Segona Guerra Mundial</a> amb els aliats, declarant la guerra a Alemanya dos mesos abans de la capitulació. Es va convertir en un dels 51&#160;membres fundadors de les <a href="/wiki/Nacions_Unides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacions Unides">Nacions Unides</a> el 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Turkey_UN_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turkey_UN-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Les dificultats que es presentaren a <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a>, on se sufocà una <a href="/wiki/Guerra_Civil_Grega" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerra Civil Grega">rebel·lió comunista</a>, i les demandes de la <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Sovi%C3%A8tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unió Soviètica">Unió Soviètica</a> per instal·lar bases militars als <a href="/wiki/Estrets_turcs" title="Estrets turcs">estrets turcs</a>, provocaren la declaració de la <a href="/wiki/Doctrina_Truman" title="Doctrina Truman">doctrina Truman</a> el 1947, en què els Estats Units es comprometien a garantir la seguretat de Turquia i Grècia, i els proveïren de suport militar i econòmic.<sup id="cite_ref-Truman_Doctrine_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Truman_Doctrine-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Després de participar amb les forces de les Nacions Unides en la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_de_Corea" title="Guerra de Corea">Guerra de Corea</a>, Turquia s'uní a l'<a href="/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_del_Tractat_de_l%27Atl%C3%A0ntic_Nord" title="Organització del Tractat de l&#39;Atlàntic Nord">Organització del Tractat de l'Atlàntic Nord</a> el <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>, amb la qual cosa impedí l'avançament soviètic cap a la Mediterrània. Després d'una dècada de violència intercomunal a l'illa de <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a>, i el cop militar grec del juliol de 1974, que deposà el <a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%A0rios_III" title="Makàrios III">president Makàrios</a>, Turquia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Invasi%C3%B3_turca_de_Xipre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Invasió turca de Xipre (encara no existeix)">intervingué militarment a Xipre</a> el 1974. Nou anys després, la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Turca_del_Nord_de_Xipre" class="mw-redirect" title="República Turca del Nord de Xipre">República Turca del Nord de Xipre</a> fou establerta, reconeguda només per Turquia.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Després de la fi del període de govern <a href="/wiki/Unipartidisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Unipartidisme">unipartidista</a> el 1945, les tensions i la inestabilitat política caracteritzaren el període de <a href="/wiki/Multipartidisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Multipartidisme">multipartidisme</a> fins a la <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_de_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="Dècada de 1990">dècada de 1990</a>, amb quatre <a href="/wiki/Cop_d%27Estat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cop d&#39;Estat">cops d'estat</a> (1960, 1971, <a href="/wiki/Cop_d%27estat_del_1980_a_Turquia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cop d&#39;estat del 1980 a Turquia">1980</a> i 1997).<sup id="cite_ref-TRPoliticsandMilitary_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TRPoliticsandMilitary-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuran2008257_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuran2008257-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El 1984, el <a href="/wiki/Partit_dels_Treballadors_del_Kurdistan" title="Partit dels Treballadors del Kurdistan">Partit dels Treballadors del Kurdistan</a>, que defensava la independència dels kurds, va començar una campanya d'insurgència contra el govern turc, reclamant fins a l'actualitat unes 40.000 vides;<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> no obstant això, s'està desenvolupant un procés de pau.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Des de la liberalització de l'economia turca durant els anys vuitanta, el país ha gaudit d'un gran creixement econòmic i d'una àmplia estabilitat política.<sup id="cite_ref-80sLiberalization_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80sLiberalization-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El 2013, es van produir <a href="/wiki/Protestes_del_2013_a_Turquia" title="Protestes del 2013 a Turquia">grans protestes</a> en moltes províncies turques, provocades inicialment pel pla de demolir el <a href="/wiki/Parc_Taksim_Gezi" title="Parc Taksim Gezi">parc Taksim Gezi</a>, però que van acabar sent una protesta general contra el govern.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>El 15 de juliol de 2016 es va produir una <a href="/wiki/Temptativa_de_cop_d%27estat_a_Turquia_de_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Temptativa de cop d&#39;estat a Turquia de 2016">temptativa de cop d'estat militar</a> contra el president <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> que va ser sufocada a les poques hores gràcies a la mobilització popular que no va obeir el <a href="/wiki/Toc_de_queda" title="Toc de queda">toc de queda</a> decretat pels militars revoltats i va envair els carrers d'<a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> i <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist &#123;&#123;#if: &#124; references-column-count references-column-count-&#123;&#123;&#123;col&#125;&#125;&#125;" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Sabancı University.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207175411/http://www.sabanciuniv.edu/socrates/ects/go.php?page=turkey_geography">Geography of Turkey</a>».&#32; Sabancı University,&#32;2005. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabanciuniv.edu/socrates/ects/go.php?page=turkey_geography">original</a> el 2009-02-07.&#32;[Consulta: 13 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509061119/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-b.html">The World Factbook</a>»&#32;(en anglès).&#32; <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-b.html">original</a> el 2020-05-09.&#32;[Consulta: 2 gener 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heptagon-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Heptagon_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613222927/http://www.heptagonpost.com/Dessi/can_turkey_be_a_source_of_stability_in_the_middle_east">Can Turkey Be a Source of Stability in the Middle East?</a>»&#32;(en anglès).&#32;<i>heptagonpost.com</i>,&#32;18-12-2010. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heptagonpost.com/Dessi/can_turkey_be_a_source_of_stability_in_the_middle_east">original</a> el 2011-06-13.&#32;[Consulta: 2 gener 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Heritage_Dictionary&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="American Heritage Dictionary (encara no existeix)">American Heritage Dictionary</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415081156/http://www.bartleby.com/61/92/T0419200.html">Turk</a>».&#32; Houghton Mifflin Company,&#32;2000. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/92/T0419200.html">original</a> el 2009-04-15.&#32;[Consulta: 27 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TurkEtymology-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TurkEtymology_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHarper2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Harper</span>, Douglas.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Turk">Turk</a>».&#32; Online Etymology Dictionary,&#32;2001.&#32;[Consulta: 27 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509130627/http://www.turkishodyssey.com/turkey/turkey.htm">turkishodyssey</a>»&#32;(en anglès).&#32; turkishodyssey.com. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishodyssey.com/turkey/turkey.htm">original</a> el 2008-05-09.&#32;[Consulta: 2 gener 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USLC_TRGeo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USLC_TRGeo_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-USLC_TRGeo_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/turkey/18.htm">Geography of Turkey</a>»&#32;(en anglès).&#32; <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_del_Congr%C3%A9s_dels_Estats_Units" title="Biblioteca del Congrés dels Estats Units">Biblioteca del Congrés dels Estats Units</a>.&#32;[Consulta: 2 gener 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA - Earth Observatory</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080924232351/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=4996">Mount Ararat (Ağrı Dağı), Turkey</a>».&#32; NASA,&#32;2001. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=4996">original</a> el 2008-09-24.&#32;[Consulta: 27 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090312064813/http://www.usc.edu/dept/civil_eng/structural_lab/eq-rp/seismicity.html">Brief Seismic History of Turkey</a>».&#32; University of South California, Department of Civil Engineering. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/dept/civil_eng/structural_lab/eq-rp/seismicity.html">original</a> el 2009-03-12.&#32;[Consulta: 26 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TR_Secularism-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TR_Secularism_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFÇarkoǧlu2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Çarkoǧlu</span>, Ali. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?visbn=0415348315&amp;id=t5G_zw9exMQC&amp;pg=PP1&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;ots=nBltWxHPjd&amp;dq=Religion+in+Turkey&amp;sig=gLF9WOvOo0qZO5iwyUQSUc26Ya0#PPA28,M1"><i>Religion and Politics in Turkey</i></a>.&#32; Routledge, UK,&#32;2004. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-4153-4831-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-4153-4831-5">ISBN 0-4153-4831-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Religion+and+Politics+in+Turkey&amp;rft.aulast=%C3%87arko%C7%A7lu&amp;rft.aufirst=Ali&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.pub=Routledge%2C+UK&amp;rft.isbn=0-4153-4831-5&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fvisbn%3D0415348315%26id%3Dt5G_zw9exMQC%26pg%3DPP1%26lpg%3DPP1%26ots%3DnBltWxHPjd%26dq%3DReligion%2Bin%2BTurkey%26sig%3DgLF9WOvOo0qZO5iwyUQSUc26Ya0%23PPA28%2CM1"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BYEGM_TrPolSys-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BYEGM_TrPolSys_11-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BYEGM_TrPolSys_11-1">11,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BYEGM_TrPolSys_11-2">11,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Turkish Directorate General of Press and Information.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061005085413/http://www.byegm.gov.tr/REFERENCES/Structure.htm">Political Structure of Turkey</a>».&#32; Turkish Prime Minister's Office,&#32;24-08-2004. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byegm.gov.tr/REFERENCES/Structure.htm">original</a> el 2006-10-05.&#32;[Consulta: 14 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TR_Constit-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TR_Constit_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Turkish Directorate General of Press and Information.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203170110/http://www.byegm.gov.tr/mevzuat/anayasa/anayasa-ing.htm">Turkish Constitution</a>».&#32; Turkish Prime Minister's Office,&#32;17-10-2001. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byegm.gov.tr/mevzuat/anayasa/anayasa-ing.htm">original</a> el 2007-02-03.&#32;[Consulta: 16 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1466160.stm">Euro court backs Turkey Islamist ban</a>».&#32;<i>BBC</i>,&#32;31-07-2001&#32;[Consulta: 14 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2850601.stm">Turkey's Kurd party ban criticised</a>».&#32;<i>BBC</i>,&#32;14-03-2003&#32;[Consulta: 14 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TR_EUChrono-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TR_EUChrono_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070515022203/http://www.abgs.gov.tr/en/tur-eu_relations_dosyalar/chronology.htm">Chronology of Turkey-EU relations</a>».&#32; Turkish Secretariat of European Union Affairs. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abgs.gov.tr/en/tur-eu_relations_dosyalar/chronology.htm">original</a> el 2007-05-15.&#32;[Consulta: 30 octubre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/president/pdf/interview_20061015_en.pdf">Interview with European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso on BBC Sunday AM</a>»&#32;(PDF).&#32; <a href="/wiki/Comissi%C3%B3_Europea" title="Comissió Europea">Comissió Europea</a>,&#32;15-10-2006.&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMardell2006"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Mardell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Mardell (encara no existeix)"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mardell</span>, Mark</a>&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6170749.stm">Turkey's EU membership bid stalls</a>».&#32;<i>BBC</i>,&#32;11-12-2006&#32;[Consulta: 17 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBal2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bal</span>, Idris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?visbn=1581124236&amp;id=vDzjkrTDKjYC&amp;pg=PP1&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;ots=5PdqmRoyEn&amp;dq=turkey+cold+war&amp;sig=XoCrRT0pN70sZn6zvtnpdBF0HWw#PRA1-PA291,M1"><i>Turkish Foreign Policy In Post Cold War Era</i></a>.&#32; Universal Publishers,&#32;2004. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/1-5811-2423-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/1-5811-2423-6">ISBN 1-5811-2423-6</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Turkish+Foreign+Policy+In+Post+Cold+War+Era&amp;rft.aulast=Bal&amp;rft.aufirst=Idris&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.pub=Universal+Publishers&amp;rft.isbn=1-5811-2423-6&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fvisbn%3D1581124236%26id%3DvDzjkrTDKjYC%26pg%3DPP1%26lpg%3DPP1%26ots%3D5PdqmRoyEn%26dq%3Dturkey%2Bcold%2Bwar%26sig%3DXoCrRT0pN70sZn6zvtnpdBF0HWw%23PRA1-PA291%2CM1"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78799.htm">U.S. Department of State: Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Armenia: Respect for Human Rights. Section 1, a.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolpda/ukfs_news/hi/newsid_6045000/6045182.stm">Q&amp;A Armenian 'genocide'</a>».&#32;<i>BBC</i>,&#32;12-10-2006&#32;[Consulta: 29 desembre 2006].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217022257/http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolpda/ukfs_news/hi/newsid_6045000/6045182.stm">Arxivat</a> 2008-12-17 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217022257/http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolpda/ukfs_news/hi/newsid_6045000/6045182.stm">Còpia arxivada</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolpda/ukfs_news/hi/newsid_6045000/6045182.stm">original</a> el 2008-12-17.&#32;[Consulta: 16 agost 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27Estad%C3%ADstica_de_Turquia" title="Institut d&#39;Estadística de Turquia">Institut d'Estadística de Turquia</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080618221317/http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&amp;report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&amp;p_kod=1&amp;desformat=html&amp;ENVID=adnksEnv">2007 Census, population by provinces</a>».&#32; Institut d'Estadística de Turquia,&#32;2008. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://report.tuik.gov.tr/reports/rwservlet?adnks=&amp;report=turkiye_il_koy_sehir.RDF&amp;p_kod=1&amp;desformat=html&amp;ENVID=adnksEnv">original</a> el 2008-06-18.&#32;[Consulta: 21 gener 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80sLiberalization-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-80sLiberalization_22-0">22,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-80sLiberalization_22-1">22,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFNas1992"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Nas</span>, Tevfik F. <i>Economics and Politics of Turkish Liberalization</i>.&#32; Lehigh University Press,&#32;1992. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-934223-19-X" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-934223-19-X">ISBN 0-934223-19-X</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Economics+and+Politics+of+Turkish+Liberalization&amp;rft.aulast=Nas&amp;rft.aufirst=Tevfik+F.&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.pub=Lehigh+University+Press&amp;rft.isbn=0-934223-19-X"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/422653.stm">Turkish quake hits shaky economy</a>»&#32;(en anglès).&#32; BBC,&#32;17-08-1999.&#32;[Consulta: 2 gener 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1800869.stm">'Worst over' for Turkey</a>»&#32;(en anglès).&#32; BBC,&#32;04-02-2002.&#32;[Consulta: 2 gener 2012].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTURKEY/Resources/361616-1144320150009/Labor_C2.pdf">Turkey Labor Market Study</a>»&#32;(PDF).&#32; World Bank,&#32;2005.&#32;[Consulta: 10 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?visbn=9264198083&amp;id=ufYU_fR7mLgC&amp;pg=PP1&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;ots=xxhe4iYB7B&amp;dq=Turkey&amp;sig=5WqjRxHbjn4ObFDJc_sQKuIB2sg#PPP1,M1"><i>OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform - Turkey: crucial support for economic recovery&#160;: 2002</i></a>.&#32; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,&#32;2002. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/92-64-19808-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/92-64-19808-3">ISBN 92-64-19808-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=OECD+Reviews+of+Regulatory+Reform+-+Turkey%3A+crucial+support+for+economic+recovery+%3A+2002&amp;rft.aufirst=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.pub=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development&amp;rft.isbn=92-64-19808-3&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fvisbn%3D9264198083%26id%3DufYU_fR7mLgC%26pg%3DPP1%26lpg%3DPP1%26ots%3Dxxhe4iYB7B%26dq%3DTurkey%26sig%3D5WqjRxHbjn4ObFDJc_sQKuIB2sg%23PPP1%2CM1"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2006&amp;ey=2008&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=186&amp;s=PCPIEPCH&amp;grp=0&amp;a=&amp;pr.x=42&amp;pr.y=10">IMF: World Economic Outlook Database, April 2008.</a> Inflation, end of period consumer prices. Data for 2006, 2007 and 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dilenschneider Group and Pangaeia Group, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bennettlawfirm.typepad.com/abraham_dialogue_society/2008/06/turkey-360-did.html">Turkey 360: Did You Know</a>", <i>Foreign Affairs</i>, January/February 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27Estad%C3%ADstica_de_Turquia" title="Institut d&#39;Estadística de Turquia">Institut d'Estadística de Turquia</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.die.gov.tr/english/SONIST/GSMH/111206.doc">GNP and GDP as of September 2006</a>»&#32;(DOC).&#32; Institut d'Estadística de Turquia,&#32;11-12-2006.&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702111626/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html#Econ">CIA World Factbook 2008: Turkey - Economy</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html#Econ">original</a> el 2017-07-02.&#32;[Consulta: 18 agost 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/433661.asp">Turizm geliri 2007'de rekor kırdı</a>».&#32;<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=NTV-MSNBC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="NTV-MSNBC (encara no existeix)">NTV-MSNBC</a></i>,&#32;30-01-2008&#32;[Consulta: 30 gener 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&amp;link=108806">Today's Zaman: Turkey Europe's sixth largest auto producer</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4137469.stm">Turkey knocks six zeros off lira</a>».&#32;<i><a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a></i>,&#32;31-12-2004&#32;[Consulta: 20 juliol 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130624052531/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;geo=-215&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=1500&amp;pt=c&amp;va=&amp;srt=pnan">Turkey: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population</a>».&#32; World Gazetteer,&#32;2010. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;geo=-215&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=1500&amp;pt=c&amp;va=&amp;srt=pnan">original</a> el 2013-06-24.&#32;[Consulta: 14 desembre 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27Estad%C3%ADstica_de_Turquia" title="Institut d&#39;Estadística de Turquia">Institut d'Estadística de Turquia</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080304150717/http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=3894">2007 Census,population statistics in 2007</a>».&#32; Institut d'Estadística de Turquia,&#32;2008. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=3894">original</a> el 2008-03-04.&#32;[Consulta: 21 gener 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anadolu_Agency&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anadolu Agency (encara no existeix)">Anadolu Agency (AA)</a>&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=5546229">Life expectancy has increased in 2005 in Turkey</a>».&#32;<i>Hürriyet</i>,&#32;03-12-2006&#32;[Consulta: 9 desembre 2006].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070828074958/http://arama.hurriyet.com.tr/arsivnews.aspx?id=5546229">Arxivat</a> 2007-08-28 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27Estad%C3%ADstica_de_Turquia" title="Institut d&#39;Estadística de Turquia">Institut d'Estadística de Turquia</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080508012948/http://nkg.die.gov.tr/en/goster.asp?aile=3">Population and Development Indicators - Population and education</a>».&#32; Institut d'Estadística de Turquia,&#32;18-10-2004. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nkg.die.gov.tr/en/goster.asp?aile=3">original</a> el 2008-05-08.&#32;[Consulta: 11 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciapeople-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ciapeople_38-0">38,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ciapeople_38-1">38,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Jonny Dymond&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3753582.stm">Turkish girls in literacy battle</a>».&#32;<i>British Broadcasting Corporation</i>,&#32;18-10-2004&#32;[Consulta: 22 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKirişçi2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kirişçi</span>, Kemal.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=176">Turkey: A Transformation from Emigration to Immigration</a>».&#32; Center for European Studies, Bogaziçi University,&#32;01-11-2003.&#32;[Consulta: 26 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turkey_Ethnic_groups-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Turkey_Ethnic_groups_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFExtra2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Extra</span>, Guus;&#32;Gorter, Durk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?visbn=1853595098&amp;id=hvmy_skUPNYC&amp;pg=RA1-PA422&amp;lpg=RA1-PA422&amp;ots=2bxjbJbuzM&amp;dq=%22ethnic+groups+in+turkey%22&amp;sig=gsODCAuvT1TRupKgZBsVDZf-oDE#PRA1-PA421,M1"><i>The other languages of Europe: Demographic, Sociolinguistic and Educational Perspectives</i></a>.&#32; Multilingual Matters,&#32;2001. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/1-85359-509-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/1-85359-509-8">ISBN 1-85359-509-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+other+languages+of+Europe%3A+Demographic%2C+Sociolinguistic+and+Educational+Perspectives&amp;rft.aulast=Extra&amp;rft.aufirst=Guus&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&amp;rft.isbn=1-85359-509-8&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fvisbn%3D1853595098%26id%3Dhvmy_skUPNYC%26pg%3DRA1-PA422%26lpg%3DRA1-PA422%26ots%3D2bxjbJbuzM%26dq%3D%2522ethnic%2Bgroups%2Bin%2Bturkey%2522%26sig%3DgsODCAuvT1TRupKgZBsVDZf-oDE%23PRA1-PA421%2CM1"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html#People">Turkey - People</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702111626/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html#People">Arxivat</a> 2017-07-02 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. CIA - The World Factbook.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_42-0">42,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_42-1">42,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_42-2">42,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/609790/Turkey">Turkey</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Data d'accés: 24 d'agost, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TR_official_language-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TR_official_language_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Turkishl.html">"Turkish language" in The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition|Date: 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johanson-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Johanson_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJohanson2001"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Johanson</span>, Lars&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205070509/http://www.srii.org/Map.pdf">Discoveries on the Turkic linguistic map</a>»&#32;(PDF).&#32;<i>Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul</i>,&#32;2001. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srii.org/Map.pdf">original</a> el 2007-02-05&#32;[Consulta: 19 agost 2008].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205070509/http://www.srii.org/Map.pdf">Arxivat</a> 2007-02-05 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Turkish Directorate General of Press and Information.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060830170539/http://www.byegm.gov.tr/REFERENCES/radyo-tv2002.htm">Historical background of radio and television broadcasting in Turkey</a>».&#32; Turkish Prime Minister's Office,&#32;2003. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byegm.gov.tr/REFERENCES/radyo-tv2002.htm">original</a> el 2006-08-30.&#32;[Consulta: 10&#160;agost, 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3432.htm">Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs - Background Note: Turkey</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFShankland2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Shankland</span>, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?visbn=0700716068&amp;id=lFFRzTqLp6AC&amp;pg=PP1&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Religion+in+Turkey&amp;sig=qrG576JrBxJ4LIBqD-41ALytcAI#PPP1,M1"><i>The Alevis in Turkey: The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition</i></a>.&#32; Routledge (UK),&#32;2003. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-7007-1606-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-7007-1606-8">ISBN 0-7007-1606-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Alevis+in+Turkey%3A+The+Emergence+of+a+Secular+Islamic+Tradition&amp;rft.aulast=Shankland&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.pub=Routledge+%28UK%29&amp;rft.isbn=0-7007-1606-8&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fvisbn%3D0700716068%26id%3DlFFRzTqLp6AC%26pg%3DPP1%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3DReligion%2Bin%2BTurkey%26sig%3DqrG576JrBxJ4LIBqD-41ALytcAI%23PPP1%2CM1"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Population_Fund&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations Population Fund (encara no existeix)">United Nations Population Fund</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unfpa.org.tr/countryinfo.htm">Turkey - A Brief Profile</a>».&#32; United Nations Population Fund,&#32;2006.&#32;[Consulta: 27 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3225651.stm">Headscarf row goes to Turkey's roots. BBC News. 2003-10-29.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5414098.stm">The Islamic veil across Europe</a>».&#32;<i>British Broadcasting Corporation</i>,&#32;17-11-2006&#32;[Consulta: 13 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Tribunal_Europeu_de_Drets_Humans" title="Tribunal Europeu de Drets Humans">Tribunal Europeu de Drets Humans</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?item=1&amp;portal=hbkm&amp;action=html&amp;highlight=Leyla%20%7C%20%u015Eahin&amp;sessionid=64608628&amp;skin=hudoc-fr">Leyla Şahin v. Turkey</a>».&#32; CEDH,&#32;10-11-2005.&#32;[Consulta: 12 gener 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TR_culture-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TR_culture_52-0">52,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-TR_culture_52-1">52,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKaya2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kaya</span>, İbrahim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/?id=0Iy7pJBRgjYC&amp;pg=PA58&amp;lpg=PA58&amp;dq=Turkish+culture"><i>Social Theory and Later Modernities: The Turkish Experience</i></a>.&#32; Liverpool University Press,&#32;2003. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-8532-3898-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-8532-3898-7">ISBN 0-8532-3898-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Social+Theory+and+Later+Modernities%3A+The+Turkish+Experience&amp;rft.aulast=Kaya&amp;rft.aufirst=%C4%B0brahim&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&amp;rft.isbn=0-8532-3898-7&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2F%3Fid%3D0Iy7pJBRgjYC%26pg%3DPA58%26lpg%3DPA58%26dq%3DTurkish%2Bculture"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turks.org.uk/index.php?pid=8">Turks – A Journey of a Thousand Years: 600–1600</a>».&#32; Royal Academy of Arts,&#32;2005.&#32;[Consulta: 12 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinu%C3%A7en_Tanr%C4%B1korur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinuçen Tanrıkorur (encara no existeix)">Cinuçen Tanrıkorur</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkmusikisi.com/osmanli_musikisi/the_ottoman_music.htm">The Ottoman music</a>».&#32; www.turkmusikisi.com.&#32;[Consulta: 12 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6044192.stm">Pamuk wins Nobel Literature prize</a>».&#32;<i>BBC</i>,&#32;12-10-2006&#32;[Consulta: 12 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Azeri-Press Agency (APA).&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100810100025/http://en.apa.az/news.php?id=97615">70 percent of Turkish citizens never read book</a>»,&#32;23-02-2009. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.apa.az/news.php?id=97615">original</a> el 10 d'agost 2010.&#32;[Consulta: 31 juliol 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGoodwin2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Goodwin</span>, Godfrey. <i>A History of Ottoman Architecture</i>.&#32; Thames &amp; Hudson,&#32;2003. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-5002-7429-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-5002-7429-0">ISBN 0-5002-7429-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ottoman+Architecture&amp;rft.aulast=Goodwin&amp;rft.aufirst=Godfrey&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&amp;rft.isbn=0-5002-7429-0"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Burak Sansal.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutturkey.com/sports.htm">Sports in Turkey</a>».&#32; allaboutturkey.com,&#32;2006.&#32;[Consulta: 13 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Burak Sansal.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutturkey.com/yagligures.htm">Oiled Wrestling</a>».&#32; allaboutturkey.com,&#32;2006.&#32;[Consulta: 13 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080801224941/http://www.kirkpinar.com/home.php?link=history&amp;dil=en">Kırkpınar Oiled Wrestling Tournament: History</a>».&#32; Kirkpinar.com,&#32;21-04-2007. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirkpinar.com/home.php?link=history&amp;dil=en">original</a> el 2008-08-01.&#32;[Consulta: 1r novembre 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Christiane Gegner.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/dbwrest/start.php">FILA Wrestling Database</a>».&#32; Iat.uni-leipzig.de.&#32;[Consulta: 1r novembre 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/motorsport/09/01/motorsport.f1.2012.calendar/index.html">Turkey dropped for 2012 F1 season</a>».&#32; CNN.&#32;[Consulta: 23 octubre 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/formula_one/14738779.stm">Turkish Grand Prix dropped from 2012 calendar</a>».&#32; BBC Sport.&#32;[Consulta: 23 octubre 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120104082500/http://af.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idAFJOE77U0NA20110831">Turkey dropped from 2012 F1 calendar</a>».&#32; REUTERS. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://af.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idAFJOE77U0NA20110831">original</a> el 4 de gener 2012.&#32;[Consulta: 23 octubre 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnatoliaNeolithic-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AnatoliaNeolithic_65-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Thissen, Laurens&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070605005726/http://www.canew.org/files/Thissen%20lecture.pdf">Time trajectories for the Neolithic of Central Anatolia</a>»&#32;(<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33780657">.mw-parser-output .linkformat{position:relative;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:0.85em;font-weight:bold;cursor:default;color:#808080;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .linkformat{background-color:inherit;color:#009400}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .linkformat{background-color:inherit;color:#009400}}</style><span class="linkformat" title="És PDF"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PDF_icon_bold.svg/14px-PDF_icon_bold.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PDF_icon_bold.svg/21px-PDF_icon_bold.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/PDF_icon_bold.svg/28px-PDF_icon_bold.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="585" /></span></span>&#160;PDF</span>).&#32;<i>CANeW - Central Anatolian Neolithic e-Workshop</i>,&#32;23-11-2001. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canew.org/files/Thissen%20lecture.pdf">original</a> el 5 de juny 2007&#32;[Consulta: 19 agost 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnatoliaIndoEuropean-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AnatoliaIndoEuropean_66-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBalter2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Balter</span>, Michael&#32;«Search for the Indo-Europeans: Were Kurgan horsemen or Anatolian farmers responsible for creating and spreading the world's most far-flung language family?».&#32;<i>Science</i>,&#32;303,&#32;5662,&#32;27-02-2004,&#32;pàg.&#160;1323.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TroyHittiteEmpirePhrygians-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TroyHittiteEmpirePhrygians_67-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/03/waa/ht03waa.htm">Anatolia and the Caucasus (Asia Minor), 2000 – 1000 B.C. in <i>Timeline of Art History.</i></a>».&#32; Nova York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art,&#32;01-10-2000.&#32;[Consulta: 21 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PersiansInAsiaMinor-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PersiansInAsiaMinor_68-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Hooker, Richard.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070309185103/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/PERSIAN.HTM">Ancient Greece: The Persian Wars</a>».&#32; Washington State University, WA, United States,&#32;06-06-1999. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/PERSIAN.HTM">original</a> el 2007-03-09.&#32;[Consulta: 22 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AlexanderToRome-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AlexanderToRome_69-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York</a>.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/04/waa/ht04waa.htm">Anatolia and the Caucasus (Asia Minor), 1000 B.C. - 1 A.D. in <i>Timeline of Art History.</i></a>».&#32; Nova York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art,&#32;01-10-2000.&#32;[Consulta: 21 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Daniel C. Waugh.&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/cities/turkey/istanbul/istanbul.html">Constantinople/Istanbul</a>».&#32; University of Washington, Seattle, WA,&#32;2004.&#32;[Consulta: 26 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWink1990"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Wink</span>, Andre. <i>Al Hind: The Making of the Indo Islamic World, Vol. 1, Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th-11th Centuries</i>.&#32; <a href="/wiki/Brill_Academic_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill Academic Publishers">Brill Academic Publishers</a>,&#32;1990. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/90-04-09249-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/90-04-09249-8">ISBN 90-04-09249-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Al+Hind%3A+The+Making+of+the+Indo+Islamic+World%2C+Vol.+1%2C+Early+Medieval+India+and+the+Expansion+of+Islam%2C+7th-11th+Centuries&amp;rft.aulast=Wink&amp;rft.aufirst=Andre&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.pub=%5B%5BBrill+Academic+Publishers%5D%5D&amp;rft.isbn=90-04-09249-8"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMango2002"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mango</span>, Cyril. <i>The Oxford History of Byzantium</i>.&#32; Oxford University Press, USA,&#32;2002. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-19-814098-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-19-814098-3">ISBN 0-19-814098-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Byzantium&amp;rft.aulast=Mango&amp;rft.aufirst=Cyril&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-814098-3"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ottomans-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ottomans_73-0">73,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ottomans_73-1">73,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ottomans_73-2">73,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKinross1977"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kinross</span>, Patrick. <i>The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire</i>.&#32; Morrow,&#32;1977. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-688-03093-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-688-03093-9">ISBN 0-688-03093-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Ottoman+Centuries%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Turkish+Empire&amp;rft.aulast=Kinross&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.pub=Morrow&amp;rft.isbn=0-688-03093-9"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ottoman_Turkey-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ottoman_Turkey_74-0">74,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ottoman_Turkey_74-1">74,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ottoman_Turkey_74-2">74,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ottoman_Turkey_74-3">74,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJay_Shaw1977"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jay Shaw</span>, Stanford;&#32;Kural Shaw, Ezel. <i>History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey</i>.&#32; Cambridge University Press,&#32;1977. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-521-29163-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-521-29163-1">ISBN 0-521-29163-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+Modern+Turkey&amp;rft.aulast=Jay+Shaw&amp;rft.aufirst=Stanford&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-29163-1"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuran2008258-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuran2008258_75-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuran2008">Turan, 2008</a>, p.&#160;258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atatürk-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Atatürk_76-0">76,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Atatürk_76-1">76,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMango2000"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mango</span>, Andrew. <i>Ataturk</i>.&#32; Overlook,&#32;2000. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/1-58567-011-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/1-58567-011-1">ISBN 1-58567-011-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ataturk&amp;rft.aulast=Mango&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.pub=Overlook&amp;rft.isbn=1-58567-011-1"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuran2008259-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuran2008259_77-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuran2008">Turan, 2008</a>, p.&#160;259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuran2008258-259-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuran2008258-259_78-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuran2008">Turan, 2008</a>, p.&#160;258-259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turkey_UN-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Turkey_UN_79-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/Overview/growth.htm">Growth in United Nations membership (1945–2005)</a>».&#32; United Nations,&#32;03-07-2006.&#32;[Consulta: 30 octubre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Truman_Doctrine-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Truman_Doctrine_80-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHuston1988"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Huston</span>, James A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?visbn=0941664848&amp;id=ID4E3Lm8TsgC&amp;pg=PA198&amp;lpg=PA198&amp;ots=Yg9KqG871J&amp;dq=turkey+cold+war&amp;sig=d5Xry3n-9lmlUZTnM6tpFBBtxOQ#PPA177,M1"><i>Outposts and Allies: U.S. Army Logistics in the Cold War, 1945–1953</i></a>.&#32; Susquehanna University Press,&#32;1988. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-941664-84-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-941664-84-8">ISBN 0-941664-84-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Outposts+and+Allies%3A+U.S.+Army+Logistics+in+the+Cold+War%2C+1945%E2%80%931953&amp;rft.aulast=Huston&amp;rft.aufirst=James+A.&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.pub=Susquehanna+University+Press&amp;rft.isbn=0-941664-84-8&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fvisbn%3D0941664848%26id%3DID4E3Lm8TsgC%26pg%3DPA198%26lpg%3DPA198%26ots%3DYg9KqG871J%26dq%3Dturkey%2Bcold%2Bwar%26sig%3Dd5Xry3n-9lmlUZTnM6tpFBBtxOQ%23PPA177%2CM1"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1021835.stm">Timeline: Cyprus</a>».&#32;<i>British Broadcasting Corporation</i>,&#32;12-12-2006&#32;[Consulta: 25 desembre 2006].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TRPoliticsandMilitary-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TRPoliticsandMilitary_82-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHale1994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Hale</span>, William Mathew. <i>Turkish Politics and the Military</i>.&#32; Routledge, UK,&#32;1994. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-4150-2455-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-4150-2455-2">ISBN 0-4150-2455-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Turkish+Politics+and+the+Military&amp;rft.aulast=Hale&amp;rft.aufirst=William+Mathew&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.pub=Routledge%2C+UK&amp;rft.isbn=0-4150-2455-2"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETuran2008257-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuran2008257_83-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTuran2008">Turan, 2008</a>, p.&#160;257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8352934.stm">Turkey's PKK peace plan delayed</a>».&#32;<i>BBC</i>,&#32;10-11-2009&#32;[Consulta: 6 febrer 2010].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Sebnem Arsu&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/26/world/europe/kurdish-rebel-group-to-withdraw-from-turkey.html?_r=0">Kurdish Rebel Group to Withdraw From Turkey</a>».&#32;<i>The New York Times</i>,&#32;25-04-2013&#32;[Consulta: 29 abril 2013].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22293966">Murat Karayilan announces PKK withdrawal from Turkey</a>».&#32;<i></i>,&#32;25-04-2013&#32;[Consulta: 29 abril 2013].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Jethro Mullen and Susannah Cullinane&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/03/world/europe/turkey-conflict-explainer/?hpt=hp_t1">What's driving unrest and protests in Turkey?</a>».&#32;<i>CNN</i>,&#32;04-06-2013&#32;[Consulta: 6 juny 2013].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">&#32;«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2016/07/15/578940e3268e3e1b0b8b45fb.html">Intento de golpe de estado en Turquía</a>».&#32;<i>El Mundo</i>,&#32;15-07-2016&#32;[Consulta: 15 juliol 2016].</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFTuran2008"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Turan</span>, Ilter.&#32;«Voluntad política, estabilidad parlamentaria&#160;: ¿un sueño imposible?&#160;: la gran Asamblea Nacional turca durante las dos últimas décadas». A: <i>Parlamentos democráticos del Sur de Europa</i>.&#32; València:&#32;Tirant lo blanch,&#32;2008,&#32;p.&#160;255-296. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9876-000-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9876-000-2">ISBN 978-84-9876-000-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Parlamentos+democr%C3%A1ticos+del+Sur+de+Europa&amp;rft.atitle=Voluntad+pol%C3%ADtica%2C+estabilidad+parlamentaria+%3A+%C2%BFun+sue%C3%B1o+imposible%3F+%3A+la+gran+Asamblea+Nacional+turca+durante+las+dos+%C3%BAltimas+d%C3%A9cadas&amp;rft.aulast=Turan&amp;rft.aufirst=Ilter&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.pub=Tirant+lo+blanch&amp;rft.place=Val%C3%A8ncia&amp;rft.pages=255-296&amp;rft.isbn=978-84-9876-000-2"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turquia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin:5px; padding: 5px; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left;" class="infobox noprint plainlinks"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%">En altres projectes de <a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Wikimedia" title="Fundació Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/26px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/34px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" class="extiw" title="commons:Türkiye"><b>Commons</b></a><span style="font-size:70%;"> (Galeria)</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/26px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/34px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turkey"><b>Commons</b></a><span style="font-size:70%;"> (Categoria)</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Viccionari.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Viccionari"><img alt="Viccionari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Viccionari.png/17px-Viccionari.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Viccionari.png/26px-Viccionari.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Viccionari.png/34px-Viccionari.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Viccionari</figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><span class="interProject"><a href="https://ca.wiktionary.org/wiki/Turquia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Turquia">Viccionari</a> </span></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viquidites"><img alt="Viquidites" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/17px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/26px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Viquidites</figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="https://ca.wikiquote.org/wiki/Turquia" class="extiw" title="q:Turquia">Viquidites</a></b> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#sitelinks-wikiquote" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/17px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/26px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/34px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><b><a href="https://ca.wikinews.org/wiki/Categoria:Turquia" class="extiw" title="n:Categoria:Turquia">Viquinotícies</a></b> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43?uselang=ca#sitelinks-wikinews" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todaturquia.com">Informació sobre Turquia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426184616/http://www.todaturquia.com/">Arxivat</a> 2019-04-26 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (en castellà).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://narinant.cat/turquia.html">Narincat: portal de viatges</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En català">(català)</span>.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat_de_Turquia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4" style="background:#4F94CD;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat_de_Turquia" title="Plantilla:Patrimoni de la Humanitat de Turquia"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat_de_Turquia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat" title="Patrimoni de la Humanitat">Patrimoni de la Humanitat</a> de <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turquia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 2px 0px 0px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_UNESCO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/65px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/98px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/130px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Les zones històriques d'<a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; La <a href="/wiki/Gran_mesquita_de_Divri%C4%9Fi" title="Gran mesquita de Divriği">gran mesquita</a> i l'hospital de <a href="/wiki/Divri%C4%9Fi" title="Divriği">Divriği</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; El Parc Nacional de <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6reme" title="Göreme">Göreme</a> i els jaciments rupestres de la <a href="/wiki/Capad%C3%B2cia" title="Capadòcia">Capadòcia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa">Hattusa</a>, la capital hitita <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Mont_Nemrut" title="Mont Nemrut">El Nemrut Dağı</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Pamukkale" title="Pamukkale">Pamukkale</a> i les ruïnes de <a href="/wiki/Hier%C3%A0polis_de_Fr%C3%ADgia" title="Hieràpolis de Frígia">Hieràpolis</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Xanthos_(ciutat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthos (ciutat)">Xanthos</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Let%C3%B2on" title="Letòon">Letòon</a>, o santuari de Leto <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; La ciutat de <a href="/wiki/Safranbolu" title="Safranbolu">Safranbolu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; El jaciment arqueològic de <a href="/wiki/Troia" title="Troia">Troia</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/65px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/98px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/130px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4" style="background:#4F94CD"><div><a href="/wiki/Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat" title="Patrimoni de la Humanitat">Patrimoni de la Humanitat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Llista_del_Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat_d%27Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Llista del Patrimoni de la Humanitat d&#39;Europa">Llista del Patrimoni de la Humanitat d'Europa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Llista_del_Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat_d%27%C3%80sia_i_Oceania" title="Llista del Patrimoni de la Humanitat d&#39;Àsia i Oceania">Llista del Patrimoni de la Humanitat d'Àsia i Oceania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Llista_del_Patrimoni_de_la_Humanitat_en_perill" title="Llista del Patrimoni de la Humanitat en perill">Llista del Patrimoni de la Humanitat en perill</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Estats_membres_de_la_Unió_Europea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Estats_de_la_UE" title="Plantilla:Estats de la UE"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Estats_membres_de_la_Unió_Europea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Estats_membres_de_la_Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Estats membres de la Unió Europea">Estats membres de la Unió Europea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membres de la Unió Europea</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8lgica" title="Bèlgica">Bèlgica</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària">Bulgària</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Croàcia">Croàcia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Dinamarca" title="Dinamarca">Dinamarca</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A0quia" title="Eslovàquia">Eslovàquia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A8nia" title="Eslovènia">Eslovènia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia">Estònia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Finl%C3%A0ndia" title="Finlàndia">Finlàndia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Hongria" title="Hongria">Hongria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_d%27Irlanda" class="mw-redirect" title="República d&#39;Irlanda">Irlanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Let%C3%B2nia" title="Letònia">Letònia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània">Lituània</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Països Baixos">Països Baixos</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia">Polònia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Tx%C3%A8quia" title="Txèquia">Txèquia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">Suècia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidats oficials</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia">Islàndia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nia_del_Nord" title="Macedònia del Nord">Macedònia del Nord</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8rbia" title="Sèrbia">Sèrbia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turquia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidat sense reconeixement oficial</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A0nia" title="Albània">Albània</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Uni%C3%B3_Europea" title="Portal:Unió Europea"><b>Portal:Unió Europea</b></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Estats_d&amp;#039;Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Europa" title="Plantilla:Europa"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Estats_d&amp;#039;Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Estat" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat">Estats</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A0nia" title="Albània"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A0nia" title="Albània">Albània</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/20px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/40px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8lgica" title="Bèlgica"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8lgica" title="Bèlgica">Bèlgica</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belar%C3%BAs" title="Belarús"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Belar%C3%BAs" title="Belarús">Belarús</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2snia_i_Hercegovina" title="Bòsnia i Hercegovina"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2snia_i_Hercegovina" title="Bòsnia i Hercegovina">Bòsnia i Hercegovina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària">Bulgària</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ciutat_del_Vatic%C3%A0" title="Ciutat del Vaticà"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ciutat_del_Vatic%C3%A0" title="Ciutat del Vaticà">Ciutat del Vaticà</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Croàcia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Croàcia">Croàcia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dinamarca" title="Dinamarca"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dinamarca" title="Dinamarca">Dinamarca</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A0quia" title="Eslovàquia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A0quia" title="Eslovàquia">Eslovàquia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A8nia" title="Eslovènia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A8nia" title="Eslovènia">Eslovènia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia">Estònia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finl%C3%A0ndia" title="Finlàndia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Finl%C3%A0ndia" title="Finlàndia">Finlàndia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="Geòrgia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="Geòrgia">Geòrgia</a><sup>2</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/20px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hongria" title="Hongria"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hongria" title="Hongria">Hongria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_d%27Irlanda" class="mw-redirect" title="República d&#39;Irlanda">Irlanda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia">Islàndia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a><sup>3</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Let%C3%B2nia" title="Letònia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Let%C3%B2nia" title="Letònia">Letònia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/20px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/30px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/40px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània">Lituània</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nia_del_Nord" title="Macedònia del Nord"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nia_del_Nord" title="Macedònia del Nord">Macedònia del Nord</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%A0via" title="Moldàvia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/20px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/40px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Mold%C3%A0via" title="República de Moldàvia">Moldàvia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2naco" title="Mònaco"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/20px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/40px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2naco" title="Mònaco">Mònaco</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/20px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/40px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Noruega" title="Noruega"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/20px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Noruega" title="Noruega">Noruega</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Països Baixos"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Països Baixos">Països Baixos</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Polònia">Polònia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/20px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/40px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Regne_Unit_de_la_Gran_Bretanya_i_Irlanda_del_Nord" class="mw-redirect" title="Regne Unit de la Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord">Regne Unit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Transn%C3%ADstria" title="Transnístria"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Transn%C3%ADstria" title="Transnístria">República Moldava de Transnístria</a><sup>4</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Flag"><img alt="Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Turca_de_Xipre_del_Nord" title="República Turca de Xipre del Nord">República Turca de Xipre</a><sup>4</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/20px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/20px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/40px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8rbia" title="Sèrbia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8rbia" title="Sèrbia">Sèrbia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">Suècia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%AFssa" title="Suïssa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%AFssa" title="Suïssa">Suïssa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turquia</a><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tx%C3%A8quia" title="Txèquia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tx%C3%A8quia" title="Txèquia">Txèquia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïna</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a><sup>2</sup></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:LocationEurope.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/170px-LocationEurope.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/255px-LocationEurope.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/LocationEurope.png/340px-LocationEurope.png 2x" data-file-width="2759" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1. Estat parcialment a l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia">Àsia</a>.<br /> 2. Estat geogràficament a l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia">Àsia</a>, però sovint considerat part d'<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> per raons històriques i culturals<br /> 3.<a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Estat reconegut parcialment</a><br /> 4. Estats no reconeguts per cap Estat europeu però sobirans <i>de facto</i> gràcies al suport militar no explícit de Rússia pel cas transnistrià i explícit de Turquia pel cas xipriota</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Estats_de_l&amp;#039;Àsia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:%C3%80sia" title="Plantilla:Àsia"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Estats_de_l&amp;#039;Àsia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Estat" class="mw-redirect" title="Estat">Estats</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia">Àsia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita" title="Aràbia Saudita"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita" title="Aràbia Saudita">Aràbia Saudita</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Armènia">Armènia</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cambodja" title="Cambodja">Cambodja</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Corea_del_Nord" title="Corea del Nord"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Corea_del_Nord" title="Corea del Nord">Corea del Nord</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Corea_del_Sud" title="Corea del Sud"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Corea_del_Sud" title="Corea del Sud">Corea del Sud</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/20px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/40px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Emirats_%C3%80rabs_Units" title="Emirats Àrabs Units"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Emirats_%C3%80rabs_Units" title="Emirats Àrabs Units">Emirats Àrabs Units</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estat_de_Palestina" title="Estat de Palestina"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Estat_de_Palestina" title="Estat de Palestina">Estat de Palestina</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Filipines" title="Filipines"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Filipines" title="Filipines">Filipines</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="Geòrgia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="Geòrgia">Geòrgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/20px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/30px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen">Iemen</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indon%C3%A8sia" title="Indonèsia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Indon%C3%A8sia" title="Indonèsia">Indonèsia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/20px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/40px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó">Japó</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jord%C3%A0nia" title="Jordània"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jord%C3%A0nia" title="Jordània">Jordània</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kirguizstan" title="Kirguizstan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirguizstan" title="Kirguizstan">Kirguizstan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/20px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/40px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/20px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/30px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/40px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADban" title="Líban"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADban" title="Líban">Líban</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A0isia" title="Malàisia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A0isia" title="Malàisia">Malàisia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/20px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/30px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/40px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mong%C3%B2lia" title="Mongòlia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mong%C3%B2lia" title="Mongòlia">Mongòlia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Birm%C3%A0nia" title="Birmània"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/20px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/40px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Birm%C3%A0nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmània">Myanmar</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/18px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/27px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/36px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/20px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/30px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/40px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/20px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/40px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/20px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/30px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/40px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_%C3%80rab_Siriana" title="República Àrab Siriana"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_%C3%80rab_Siriana" class="mw-redirect" title="República Àrab Siriana">República Àrab Siriana</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tail%C3%A0ndia" title="Tailàndia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/30px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/40px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tail%C3%A0ndia" title="Tailàndia">Tailàndia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Timor_Oriental" title="Timor Oriental"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/20px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/30px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/40px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Timor_Oriental" title="Timor Oriental">Timor Oriental</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turquia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_Xina" title="República Popular de la Xina"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_Xina" title="República Popular de la Xina">República Popular de la Xina</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_la_Xina" title="República de la Xina"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_la_Xina" title="República de la Xina">República de la Xina</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Xipre" title="Xipre">Xipre</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:LocationAsia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/260px-LocationAsia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/390px-LocationAsia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/LocationAsia.svg/520px-LocationAsia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2751" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Dependències</b>:</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Territoris_Palestins" title="Territoris Palestins"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Territoris_Palestins" title="Territoris Palestins">Territoris Palestins</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_Tibet.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tibet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>1.</sup> Estat parcialment a <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. <br /><sup>2.</sup> Estat geogràficament a l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80sia" title="Àsia">Àsia</a> però sovint considerat part d'<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> per raons històriques i culturals.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organització_de_la_Conferència_Islàmica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:darkgreen"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:OIC" title="Plantilla:OIC"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Organització_de_la_Conferència_Islàmica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_de_la_Confer%C3%A8ncia_Isl%C3%A0mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Organització de la Conferència Islàmica"><span style="color: yellow;">Organització de la Conferència Islàmica</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Afganistan"><img alt="Afganistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%282013%E2%80%932021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Albània"><img alt="Albània" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_Albania_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_Albania_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_Albania_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A0nia" title="Albània">Albània</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Aràbia Saudita"><img alt="Aràbia Saudita" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ar%C3%A0bia_Saudita" title="Aràbia Saudita">Aràbia Saudita</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Algèria"><img alt="Algèria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A8ria" title="Algèria">Algèria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Azerbaidjan"><img alt="Azerbaidjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bahrain"><img alt="Bahrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Bahrain_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Bahrain_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Bahrain_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Bangladesh_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Bangladesh_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Bangladesh_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Benín"><img alt="Benín" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/46px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ben%C3%ADn" title="Benín">Benín</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Brunei"><img alt="Brunei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Brunei_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brunei_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Brunei_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brunei_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_Brunei_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brunei_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Camerun"><img alt="Camerun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Camerun" title="Camerun">Camerun</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Comores"><img alt="Comores" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_the_Comoros_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_the_Comoros_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_the_Comoros_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Comores" title="Comores">Comores</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Costa d&#39;Ivori"><img alt="Costa d&#39;Ivori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/46px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Costa_d%27Ivori" title="Costa d&#39;Ivori">Costa d'Ivori</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Djibouti"><img alt="Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Egipte"><img alt="Egipte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/46px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Emirats Àrabs Units"><img alt="Emirats Àrabs Units" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Emirats_%C3%80rabs_Units" title="Emirats Àrabs Units">Emirats Àrabs Units</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gabon"><img alt="Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Gabon_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gabon_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Gabon_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Gabon_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Gabon_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Gabon_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gambia"><img alt="Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/46px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0mbia" title="Gàmbia">Gàmbia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Guinea Bissau"><img alt="Guinea Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guinea_Bissau" title="Guinea Bissau">Guinea Bissau</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Guyana_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Guyana_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Guyana_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Iemen"><img alt="Iemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iemen" title="Iemen">Iemen</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Indonèsia"><img alt="Indonèsia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indon%C3%A8sia" title="Indonèsia">Indonèsia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jordània"><img alt="Jordània" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Jordan_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Jordan_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Jordan_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jord%C3%A0nia" title="Jordània">Jordània</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kirguizstan"><img alt="Kirguizstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirguizstan" title="Kirguizstan">Kirguizstan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Kuwait_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Kuwait_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Kuwait_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Líban"><img alt="Líban" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADban" title="Líban">Líban</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Líbia"><img alt="Líbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Libya_%282-3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%282-3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Libya_%282-3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%282-3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Libya_%282-3%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%282-3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADbia" title="Líbia">Líbia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Malàisia"><img alt="Malàisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Malaysia_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Malaysia_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Malaysia_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A0isia" title="Malàisia">Malàisia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Malawi"><img alt="Malawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Maldives"><img alt="Maldives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/46px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Marroc"><img alt="Marroc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/46px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marroc" title="Marroc">Marroc</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Moçambic"><img alt="Moçambic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambic" title="Moçambic">Moçambic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Níger"><img alt="Níger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_Niger_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niger_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_Niger_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_Niger_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niger_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADger" title="Níger">Níger</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Nigèria"><img alt="Nigèria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Nigeria_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Nigeria_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Nigeria_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nig%C3%A8ria" title="Nigèria">Nigèria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Oman"><img alt="Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Oman_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Oman_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Oman_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Palestina"><img alt="Palestina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Palestine_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Palestine_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Palestine_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Qatar"><img alt="Qatar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Qatar_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Qatar_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Qatar_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/46px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Síria"><img alt="Síria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADria" title="Síria">Síria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Somàlia"><img alt="Somàlia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Som%C3%A0lia" title="Somàlia">Somàlia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Sudan_%282-3%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan_%282-3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Sudan_%282-3%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan_%282-3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Sudan_%282-3%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan_%282-3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Surinam"><img alt="Surinam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/35px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/46px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tadjikistan"><img alt="Tadjikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Tajikistan_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Tajikistan_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Tajikistan_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tunísia"><img alt="Tunísia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tun%C3%ADsia" title="Tunísia">Tunísia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Turquia"><img alt="Turquia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, 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