CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Guccifer - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0ad8b5cb-0ed6-4cd6-ace7-2e4302c0fa06","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Guccifer","wgTitle":"Guccifer","wgCurRevisionId":1266654960,"wgRevisionId":1266654960,"wgArticleId":38869957,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Living people","People extradited from Romania","Romanian people imprisoned abroad","People extradited to the United States","Foreign nationals imprisoned in the United States","Prisoners and detainees of Romania","Cybercriminals","Romanian criminals","Romanian people of Hungarian descent","Hackers","1971 births"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Guccifer","wgRelevantArticleId":38869957,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q15507754","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.15"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Guccifer - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guccifer"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guccifer"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Guccifer rootpage-Guccifer skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Guccifer" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Guccifer" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Guccifer" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Guccifer" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_hacking_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_hacking_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Computer hacking activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_hacking_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prosecutions_and_imprisonment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prosecutions_and_imprisonment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prosecutions and imprisonment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prosecutions_and_imprisonment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prosecutions and imprisonment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prosecutions_and_imprisonment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrests_and_convictions_in_Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrests_and_convictions_in_Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Arrests and convictions in Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrests_and_convictions_in_Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._indictment_and_extradition_to_the_U.S." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._indictment_and_extradition_to_the_U.S."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>U.S. indictment and extradition to the U.S.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._indictment_and_extradition_to_the_U.S.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claim_regarding_Hillary_Clinton_email_server" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claim_regarding_Hillary_Clinton_email_server"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Claim regarding Hillary Clinton email server</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claim_regarding_Hillary_Clinton_email_server-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guilty_plea_on_U.S._charges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guilty_plea_on_U.S._charges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Guilty plea on U.S. charges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guilty_plea_on_U.S._charges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sentencing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sentencing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Sentencing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sentencing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guccifer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guccifer" title="Guccifer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guccifer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guccifer" title="Guccifer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Guccifer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guccifer" title="Guccifer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Guccifer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15507754#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guccifer" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Guccifer" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guccifer"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Guccifer"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Guccifer" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Guccifer" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&oldid=1266654960" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Guccifer&id=1266654960&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGuccifer"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGuccifer"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Guccifer&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15507754" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pseudonymous hacker known for conducting high profile data breaches in the US and Romania</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a>.</div> <p><b>Marcel Lehel Lazăr</b> (born <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1971-11-23</span>)</span>November 23, 1971), known as <b>Guccifer</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Security_hacker" title="Security hacker">hacker</a> responsible for high-level <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">computer security</a> breaches in the U.S. and Romania. Lazăr targeted celebrities, Romanian and <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. government</a> officials, and other prominent persons.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lazăr first appeared in news media in February 2013 after the website <a href="/wiki/The_Smoking_Gun" title="The Smoking Gun">The Smoking Gun</a> reported he was responsible for hacking the <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a> account of <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bush_Koch" title="Dorothy Bush Koch">Dorothy Bush Koch</a>, sister of former president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tsg1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsg1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Family photos of former president <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, who was in the hospital at the time, were circulated to the internet. He also circulated a self-portrait <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush#Art" title="George W. Bush">painted by George W. Bush</a>. Lazăr went on to hack a number of <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> accounts, giving him access to information about current and former high-level government officials. </p><p>In January 2014, Lazăr was jailed in his native Romania for seven years after being convicted of hacking emails of Romanian officials. Lazăr was subsequently extradited by Romania to the United States, where he was indicted on <a href="/wiki/Federal_crime_in_the_United_States" title="Federal crime in the United States">federal charges</a>. In May 2016, Lazăr <a href="/wiki/Plea" title="Plea">pleaded guilty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">federal court</a> to two charges. In September 2016, he was sentenced to 52 months in prison in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Sept2016Sentencing_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sept2016Sentencing-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbs_52_months_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs_52_months-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romanian authorities asked for Lazăr to be released to his home nation to complete his seven-year prison sentence there before being returned to the U.S. to serve his federal prison sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-Sept2016Sentencing_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sept2016Sentencing-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lazăr is of Romanian and <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">Hungarian</a> ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lived in the village of Sâmbăteni, part of the <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83uli%C8%99" title="Păuliș">Păuliș commune</a>, to the east of <a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad, Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computer_hacking_activities">Computer hacking activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Computer hacking activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lazăr has said that his <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> Guccifer is a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of "<a href="/wiki/Gucci" title="Gucci">Gucci</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Lucifer" title="Lucifer">Lucifer</a>" (a reference, he says, to "the style of Gucci and the light of Lucifer").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lazăr had no particular computer expertise, but instead used patience and persistence to obtain private information.<sup id="cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lazăr had "no fancy equipment, only a clunky NEC desktop and a Samsung cellphone, and no special skills beyond what he had picked up on the web."<sup id="cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used the simple technique of finding information about his victims online and then using this to guess the correct answers to <a href="/wiki/Security_question" title="Security question">security questions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of his arrest in 2014, Lazăr was an unemployed taxi driver.<sup id="cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lazăr later hacked <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a>'s website and accessed years' worth of his correspondence from another AOL account. The correspondence included personal financial information as well as e-mails to <a href="/wiki/George_Tenet" title="George Tenet">George Tenet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Armitage_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Armitage (politician)">Richard Armitage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Negroponte" title="John Negroponte">John Negroponte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nydn1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydn1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through six months of trial and error, Lazăr <a href="/wiki/Password_cracking" title="Password cracking">guessed the password</a> of Romanian politician <a href="/wiki/Corina_Cre%C8%9Bu" title="Corina Crețu">Corina Crețu</a> and gained access to her correspondence with Powell.<sup id="cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hacker also targeted U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a>; a senior UN official; members of the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_family" title="Rockefeller family">Rockefeller family</a>; former FBI and Secret Service <a href="/wiki/Special_agent" title="Special agent">agents</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nym1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nym1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the brother of <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a>, CBS sportscaster <a href="/wiki/Jim_Nantz" title="Jim Nantz">Jim Nantz</a>, and former <a href="/wiki/Miss_Maine" title="Miss Maine">Miss Maine</a> Patricia Legere.<sup id="cite_ref-tsg3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsg3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 20, 2013, <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i> reported that Lazăr had successfully hacked the e-mail account of <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Blumenthal" title="Sidney Blumenthal">Sidney Blumenthal</a>, a former aide to former president <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-usat1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usat1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He distributed private memos from Blumenthal to Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> involving <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Crisis (2011–present)">recent events in Libya</a>, including the September 11, 2012 Benghazi attack.<sup id="cite_ref-tsg2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsg2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before distributing the memos, he copied and pasted the text into his own new documents, then reformatted them with pink backgrounds and <a href="/wiki/Comic_Sans" title="Comic Sans">Comic Sans</a> font.<sup id="cite_ref-tsg2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsg2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hacker's IP address was traced to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, however there was no certainty as to whether this was his actual location or whether he had used a proxy to hide his true location.<sup id="cite_ref-HerridgeBrowne_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HerridgeBrowne-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early May 2013, Lazăr hacked into online accounts owned by two members of the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>, as well as accounts owned by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Posen" title="Adam Posen">Adam Posen</a> and his wife and another owned by a former <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Board_of_Governors" title="Federal Reserve Board of Governors">Federal Reserve Board</a> official.<sup id="cite_ref-tsgmay7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsgmay7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TSG reported on May 7, 2013, that Lazăr had hacked the <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> feed and e-mail account of <i><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_City_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and the City (book)">Sex and the City</a></i> author <a href="/wiki/Candace_Bushnell" title="Candace Bushnell">Candace Bushnell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tsgmay7_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsgmay7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bushnell spent several hours fighting for control of the accounts, while Lazăr publicly posted portions of an unpublished manuscript to Bushnell's Twitter feed. Lazăr sent an e-mail to TSG claiming responsibility for the hack using the AOL account of actor <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Everett" title="Rupert Everett">Rupert Everett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tsgmay7_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsgmay7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prosecutions_and_imprisonment">Prosecutions and imprisonment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prosecutions and imprisonment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrests_and_convictions_in_Romania">Arrests and convictions in Romania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arrests and convictions in Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 22 January 2014, Lazăr, then age 40, was arrested by the Romanian law enforcement agency DIICOT (the Department of Investigation of Organized Crime and Terrorism Offenses, <i>Direcția de Investigare a Infracțiunilor de Criminalitate Organizată și Terorism</i>) at his home in Sâmbăteni, <a href="/wiki/Arad_County" title="Arad County">Arad County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, a Romanian court sentenced Lazăr to four years in jail for accessing email accounts of public figures "with the aim of getting ... confidential data."<sup id="cite_ref-MarinasExtradite_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarinasExtradite-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lazăr already had a police record in Romania, having been arrested and convicted there in 2011 for "hacking into the email accounts of Romanian starlets and other celebrities" under the pseudonym <i><b>Micul Fum</b></i> ("Little Smoke").<sup id="cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was serving a separate three-year sentence in Romania for those crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-MarinasExtradite_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarinasExtradite-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview with the <i>New York Times</i> in November 2014 conducted while Lazăr was imprisoned in the Arad Penitentiary, the hacker "read out a lengthy handwritten statement that he said explained the purpose of his hacking," which included "a potpourri of <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theories</a> about the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the 1997 death of Princess Diana and alleged plans for a nuclear attack in Chicago in 2015."<sup id="cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lazăr claimed that the world is run by the <a href="/wiki/Illuminati" title="Illuminati">Illuminati</a> and a cabal of others.<sup id="cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._indictment_and_extradition_to_the_U.S.">U.S. indictment and extradition to the U.S.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: U.S. indictment and extradition to the U.S."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 12, 2014, Lazăr was indicted by a <a href="/wiki/Grand_juries_in_the_United_States#Federal_law" title="Grand juries in the United States">federal grand jury</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a>, on nine charges: three counts of <a href="/wiki/Mail_and_wire_fraud" title="Mail and wire fraud">wire fraud</a>, three counts of gaining unauthorized access to protected computers, and one count each of aggravated <a href="/wiki/Identity_theft" title="Identity theft">identity theft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyberstalking" title="Cyberstalking">cyberstalking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstruction of justice">obstruction of justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MarinasExtradite_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarinasExtradite-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DOJReleaseExtradite_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOJReleaseExtradite-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DOJIndictment_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOJIndictment-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The indictment alleged that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>From December 2012 to January 2014, [Lazăr] hacked into the email and social media accounts of high-profile victims, including a family member of two former U.S. presidents, a former U.S. Cabinet member, a former member of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> and a former presidential advisor. After gaining unauthorized access to their email and social media accounts, [Lazăr] publicly released his victims' private email correspondence, medical and financial information, and personal photographs. The indictment also alleges that in July and August 2013, [Lazăr] impersonated a victim after compromising the victim's account.<sup id="cite_ref-DOJIndictment_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOJIndictment-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In March 2016, Romania approved an 18-month temporary extradition to the United States, and Lazăr was surrendered to U.S. authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-MarinasExtradite_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarinasExtradite-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DOJReleaseExtradite_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOJReleaseExtradite-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since his extradition, Lazăr has been detained at <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_City_Jail" title="Alexandria City Jail">Alexandria City Jail</a><sup id="cite_ref-vinelink_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vinelink-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VAOffenderLocator_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VAOffenderLocator-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HerridgeBrowne_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HerridgeBrowne-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made his first U.S. court appearance on April 1, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-FirstAppearance_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstAppearance-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claim_regarding_Hillary_Clinton_email_server">Claim regarding Hillary Clinton email server</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Claim regarding Hillary Clinton email server"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Hillary Clinton email controversy</a></div> <p>In May 2016—one month after being extradited to the U.S., and while jailed in Virginia awaiting trial—Guccifer claimed to have repeatedly hacked <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>'s email server. This claim occurred in the midst of an <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">ongoing FBI probe</a> of Clinton's use of a private email server while serving as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a>. Lazăr claimed that the server was "like an open orchid on the Internet"<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that "it was easy ... easy for me, for everybody."<sup id="cite_ref-HerridgeBrowne_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HerridgeBrowne-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lazăr provided no proof of his claim, and U.S. investigators found no evidence to support the claim.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZapotoskyScantEvid_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZapotoskyScantEvid-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. officials have also said that if Lazăr had obtained information from Clinton's servers, he would have publicly released such information, as he did when he obtained access to other high-profile individuals,<sup id="cite_ref-ZapotoskyScantEvid_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZapotoskyScantEvid-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Blumenthal" title="Sidney Blumenthal">Sidney Blumenthal</a><sup id="cite_ref-hack-sid_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hack-sid-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hack-bush_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hack-bush-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an FBI report, Lazăr stated during interrogation that he had lied to <a href="/wiki/FOX_News" class="mw-redirect" title="FOX News">FOX News</a> when claiming he hacked Clinton's e-mail server, and investigators determined that although he may have attempted to access the server, no additional solid forensic evidence was found to tie Lazăr to this failed access attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-FBI_Vault_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FBI_Vault-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guilty_plea_on_U.S._charges">Guilty plea on U.S. charges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Guilty plea on U.S. charges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 25, 2016, Lazăr—then age 44—pleaded guilty in U.S. federal court to unauthorized access to a protected computer and aggravated identity theft as part of a plea agreement with federal prosecutors.<sup id="cite_ref-DOJGuiltyPlea_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOJGuiltyPlea-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a Justice Department press release: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In a statement of facts filed with his plea agreement, [Lazăr] admitted that from at least October 2012 to January 2014, he intentionally gained unauthorized access to personal email and social media accounts belonging to approximately 100 Americans, and he did so to unlawfully obtain his victims' personal information and email correspondence. His victims included an immediate family member of two former U.S. presidents, a former member of the U.S. Cabinet, a former member of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff and a former presidential advisor, he admitted. [Lazăr] admitted that in many instances, he publically [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] released his victims’ private email correspondence, medical and financial information and personal photographs.<sup id="cite_ref-DOJGuiltyPlea_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOJGuiltyPlea-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sentencing">Sentencing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sentencing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 1, 2016, U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/James_C._Cacheris" class="mw-redirect" title="James C. Cacheris">James C. Cacheris</a> sentenced Lazăr to 52 months in prison. The judge also stated that the <a href="/wiki/Justice_Ministry_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice Ministry of Romania">Justice Ministry of Romania</a> had made a request for Lazăr to be returned to Romania to complete his prison service there, before being conditionally released in 2018 and returned to America to serve his U.S. prison sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-Sept2016Sentencing_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sept2016Sentencing-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was released from prison in August 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Committee_email_leak" title="2016 Democratic National Committee email leak">2016 Democratic National Committee email leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBremer2014" class="citation news cs1">Bremer, Jack (23 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/57008/super-hacker-guccifer-held-and-named-marcel-lazar-lehel">"Super-hacker 'Guccifer' held and named as Marcel Lazar Lehel"</a>. <i>The Week</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Super-hacker+%27Guccifer%27+held+and+named+as+Marcel+Lazar+Lehel&rft.date=2014-01-23&rft.aulast=Bremer&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theweek.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F57008%2Fsuper-hacker-guccifer-held-and-named-marcel-lazar-lehel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsg1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tsg1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFstaff2013" class="citation news cs1">staff (February 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesmokinggun.com/documents/bush-family-hacked-589132">"Audacious Hack Exposes Bush Family Pix, E-Mail"</a>. <i>The Smoking Gun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Smoking+Gun&rft.atitle=Audacious+Hack+Exposes+Bush+Family+Pix%2C+E-Mail&rft.date=2013-02-07&rft.au=staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesmokinggun.com%2Fdocuments%2Fbush-family-hacked-589132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sept2016Sentencing-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sept2016Sentencing_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sept2016Sentencing_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sept2016Sentencing_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinerHsu2016" class="citation news cs1">Weiner, Rachel; Hsu, Spencer S. (September 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/guccifer-hacker-who-revealed-clintons-use-of-a-private-email-address-sentenced-to-52-months/2016/09/01/4f42dc62-6f91-11e6-8365-b19e428a975e_story.html">"Hacker known as Guccifer sentenced to 52 months in prison"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hacker+known+as+Guccifer+sentenced+to+52+months+in+prison&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.au=Hsu%2C+Spencer+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fpublic-safety%2Fguccifer-hacker-who-revealed-clintons-use-of-a-private-email-address-sentenced-to-52-months%2F2016%2F09%2F01%2F4f42dc62-6f91-11e6-8365-b19e428a975e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbs_52_months-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cbs_52_months_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2016" class="citation news cs1">Reid, Paula (1 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/romanian-hacker-guccifer-sentenced/">"Romanian hacker "Guccifer" sentenced"</a>. CBS News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Romanian+hacker+%22Guccifer%22+sentenced&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fromanian-hacker-guccifer-sentenced%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HigginsProfileNYT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HigginsProfileNYT_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2014" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Andrew (November 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/world/europe/for-guccifer-hacking-was-easy-prison-is-hard-.html">"For Guccifer, Hacking Was Easy. Prison Is Hard"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=For+Guccifer%2C+Hacking+Was+Easy.+Prison+Is+Hard.&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F11%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffor-guccifer-hacking-was-easy-prison-is-hard-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamczyk2016" class="citation news cs1">Adamczyk, Ed (May 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2016/05/25/Hacker-Guccifer-pleads-guilty-to-email-break-ins/9481464195286/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Guccifer' pleads guilty to hacking emails of Clinton, ex-presidents"</a>. <i>UPI</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=%27Guccifer%27+pleads+guilty+to+hacking+emails+of+Clinton%2C+ex-presidents&rft.date=2016-05-25&rft.aulast=Adamczyk&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FUS%2F2016%2F05%2F25%2FHacker-Guccifer-pleads-guilty-to-email-break-ins%2F9481464195286%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nydn1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nydn1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2013" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Kristen (March 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/colin-powell-emails-infiltrated-hacker-guccifer-article-1.1287354">"Colin Powell's personal emails infiltrated by Bush family hacker 'Guccifer'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Colin+Powell%27s+personal+emails+infiltrated+by+Bush+family+hacker+%27Guccifer%27&rft.date=2013-03-13&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcolin-powell-emails-infiltrated-hacker-guccifer-article-1.1287354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nym1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nym1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoscarelli2013" class="citation news cs1">Coscarelli, Joe (March 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/03/bipartisan-hacker-guccifer-hates-illuminati-aol.html">"Bipartisan Hacker Guccifer Hates the Illuminati, AOL"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=Bipartisan+Hacker+Guccifer+Hates+the+Illuminati%2C+AOL&rft.date=2013-03-19&rft.aulast=Coscarelli&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fdaily%2Fintelligencer%2F2013%2F03%2Fbipartisan-hacker-guccifer-hates-illuminati-aol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsg3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tsg3_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFstaff2013" class="citation news cs1">staff (February 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesmokinggun.com/documents/internet/bush-hackers-other-victims-637098">"Bush Hacker's Victims Include U.S. Senator"</a>. <i>The Smoking Gun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Smoking+Gun&rft.atitle=Bush+Hacker%27s+Victims+Include+U.S.+Senator&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft.au=staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesmokinggun.com%2Fdocuments%2Finternet%2Fbush-hackers-other-victims-637098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usat1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usat1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcohido2013" class="citation news cs1">Acohido, Byron (March 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/03/19/guccifer-hacker-hillary-clinton-sidney-blumenthal-george-hw-bush/2001429/">"Q&A: 'Guccifer' hacks Hillary Clinton's e-mails via aide's account"</a>. <i>USA Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+%27Guccifer%27+hacks+Hillary+Clinton%27s+e-mails+via+aide%27s+account&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft.aulast=Acohido&rft.aufirst=Byron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Ftech%2F2013%2F03%2F19%2Fguccifer-hacker-hillary-clinton-sidney-blumenthal-george-hw-bush%2F2001429%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsg2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tsg2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsg2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFstaff2013" class="citation news cs1">staff (March 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesmokinggun.com/buster/sidney-blumenthal/hacker-distributes-memos-784091">"Hacker Begins Distributing Confidential Memos Sent To Hillary Clinton On Libya, Benghazi Attack"</a>. <i>The Smoking Gun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Smoking+Gun&rft.atitle=Hacker+Begins+Distributing+Confidential+Memos+Sent+To+Hillary+Clinton+On+Libya%2C+Benghazi+Attack&rft.date=2013-03-18&rft.au=staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesmokinggun.com%2Fbuster%2Fsidney-blumenthal%2Fhacker-distributes-memos-784091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HerridgeBrowne-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HerridgeBrowne_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HerridgeBrowne_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HerridgeBrowne_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerridgeBrowne2016" class="citation web cs1">Herridge, Catherine; Browne, Pamela K. (May 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/romanian-hacker-guccifer-i-breached-clinton-server-it-was-easy/">"Romanian hacker Guccifer: I breached Clinton server, 'it was easy'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>. <q>Lazar said he chose to use 'proxy servers in Russia,' describing them as the best, providing anonymity. Cyber experts who spoke with Fox News said the process Lazar described is plausible. The federal indictment Lazar faces in the U.S. for cyber-crimes specifically alleges he used "a proxy server located in Russia" for the Blumenthal compromise.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Romanian+hacker+Guccifer%3A+I+breached+Clinton+server%2C+%27it+was+easy%27&rft.date=2016-05-04&rft.aulast=Herridge&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Browne%2C+Pamela+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fromanian-hacker-guccifer-i-breached-clinton-server-it-was-easy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsgmay7-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tsgmay7_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsgmay7_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsgmay7_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesmokinggun.com/buster/candace-bushnell-guccifer-hack-1966283">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Sex And The City" Author, Members Of Council On Foreign Relations Join List of "Guccifer" Hacking Victims"</a>. <i>The Smoking Gun</i>. May 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Smoking+Gun&rft.atitle=%22Sex+And+The+City%22+Author%2C+Members+Of+Council+On+Foreign+Relations+Join+List+of+%22Guccifer%22+Hacking+Victims&rft.date=2013-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesmokinggun.com%2Fbuster%2Fcandace-bushnell-guccifer-hack-1966283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarza2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barza, Vlad (22 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-16457219-hackerul-guccifer-fost-prins-arad.htm">"Hackerul 'Guccifer', care i-a spart contul șefului SRI, George Maior, a fost prins la Arad"</a>. <i>HotNews</i> (in Romanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HotNews&rft.atitle=Hackerul+%27Guccifer%27%2C+care+i-a+spart+contul+%C8%99efului+SRI%2C+George+Maior%2C+a+fost+prins+la+Arad&rft.date=2014-01-22&rft.aulast=Barza&rft.aufirst=Vlad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotnews.ro%2Fstiri-esential-16457219-hackerul-guccifer-fost-prins-arad.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/arad/hackerul-micul-fum-necunoscut-in-satul-sau-din-1058613.html">"Hackerul 'Micul Fum', necunoscut în satul său din județul Arad"</a>. <i>Adevărul</i> (in Romanian). 22 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Hackerul+%27Micul+Fum%27%2C+necunoscut+%C3%AEn+satul+s%C4%83u+din+jude%C8%9Bul+Arad&rft.date=2011-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fstiri-locale%2Farad%2Fhackerul-micul-fum-necunoscut-in-satul-sau-din-1058613.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MarinasExtradite-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MarinasExtradite_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarinasExtradite_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarinasExtradite_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MarinasExtradite_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarinas2016" class="citation web cs1">Marinas, Radu-Sorin (March 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cyber-guccifer-idUSKCN0W61TX">"Romania approves extradition of convicted hacker 'Guccifer' to U.S."</a> <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Romania+approves+extradition+of+convicted+hacker+%27Guccifer%27+to+U.S.&rft.date=2016-03-04&rft.aulast=Marinas&rft.aufirst=Radu-Sorin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-cyber-guccifer-idUSKCN0W61TX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOJReleaseExtradite-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DOJReleaseExtradite_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOJReleaseExtradite_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-edva/pr/romanian-national-guccifer-extradited-face-hacking-charges">Romanian National "Guccifer" Extradited to Face Hacking Charges</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>, U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Virginia (April 1, 2016).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOJIndictment-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DOJIndictment_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOJIndictment_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-edva/pr/romanian-national-guccifer-charged-hacking-personal-email-accounts">"Romanian National 'Guccifer' Charged With Hacking Into Personal Email Accounts"</a>. <i>U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Virginia</i> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>. June 12, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Romanian+National+%27Guccifer%27+Charged+With+Hacking+Into+Personal+Email+Accounts&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Justice&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fusao-edva%2Fpr%2Fromanian-national-guccifer-charged-hacking-personal-email-accounts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vinelink-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vinelink_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116144902/https://www.vinelink.com/">"VINElink"</a>. <i>vinelink.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vinelink.com/">the original</a> on 2016-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vinelink.com&rft.atitle=VINElink&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvinelink.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VAOffenderLocator-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VAOffenderLocator_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vadoc.virginia.gov/offenders/locator/">"Virginia Department of Corrections Offender Locator"</a>. <i>vadoc.virginia.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vadoc.virginia.gov&rft.atitle=Virginia+Department+of+Corrections+Offender+Locator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvadoc.virginia.gov%2Foffenders%2Flocator%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FirstAppearance-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FirstAppearance_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cyber-guccifer-idUSKCN0WY5MK">"Hacker 'Guccifer' extradited from Romania, appears in U.S. court"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. April 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Hacker+%27Guccifer%27+extradited+from+Romania%2C+appears+in+U.S.+court&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-cyber-guccifer-idUSKCN0WY5MK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFaddenUehlingerConnor2016" class="citation news cs1">McFadden, Cynthia; Uehlinger, Tim; Connor, Tracy (May 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/hacker-guccifer-i-got-inside-hillary-clinton-s-server-n568206">"Hacker 'Guccifer': I Got Inside Hillary Clinton's Server"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Hacker+%27Guccifer%27%3A+I+Got+Inside+Hillary+Clinton%27s+Server&rft.date=2016-05-05&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.au=Uehlinger%2C+Tim&rft.au=Connor%2C+Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fhacker-guccifer-i-got-inside-hillary-clinton-s-server-n568206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/clinton-email-indictment-1.3567417">"Hillary Clinton may have to testify under oath about email server"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. May 4, 2016. <q>[T]he hacker provided no proof of his claim to have hacked Clinton's server.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton+may+have+to+testify+under+oath+about+email+server&rft.date=2016-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fclinton-email-indictment-1.3567417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2016" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Pete (May 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/guccifer-hacker-who-says-he-breached-clinton-server-pleads-guilty-n580186">"Guccifer, Hacker Who Says He Breached Clinton Server, Pleads Guilty"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. <q>[Lazăr] refused to show any of the material he said he found on the Clinton server, and federal investigators said they have found no evidence to back up his claim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Guccifer%2C+Hacker+Who+Says+He+Breached+Clinton+Server%2C+Pleads+Guilty&rft.date=2016-05-25&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Pete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fguccifer-hacker-who-says-he-breached-clinton-server-pleads-guilty-n580186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZapotoskyScantEvid-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZapotoskyScantEvid_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZapotoskyScantEvid_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZapotosky2016" class="citation news cs1">Zapotosky, Matt (May 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-prosecutors-in-virginia-assisting-in-clinton-email-probe/2016/05/05/f0277faa-12f0-11e6-81b4-581a5c4c42df_story.html">"Officials: Scant evidence that Clinton had malicious intent in handling of emails"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <q>U.S. officials also dismissed claims by a Romanian hacker now facing federal charges in Virginia that he was able to breach Clinton's personal email server. The officials said investigators have found no evidence to support the assertion by Marcel Lehel Lazar to Fox News and others, and they believed if he had accessed Clinton's emails, he would have released them — as he did when he got into accounts of other high-profile people.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Officials%3A+Scant+evidence+that+Clinton+had+malicious+intent+in+handling+of+emails&rft.date=2016-05-05&rft.aulast=Zapotosky&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Ffederal-prosecutors-in-virginia-assisting-in-clinton-email-probe%2F2016%2F05%2F05%2Ff0277faa-12f0-11e6-81b4-581a5c4c42df_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hack-sid-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hack-sid_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerstein2016" class="citation web cs1">Gerstein, Josh (14 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/under-the-radar/2016/04/september-trial-set-for-alleged-email-hacker-guccifer-221947">"Trial set for suspect who allegedly hacked Bush family, Sidney Blumenthal"</a>. <i>Politico</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trial+set+for+suspect+who+allegedly+hacked+Bush+family%2C+Sidney+Blumenthal&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft.aulast=Gerstein&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Funder-the-radar%2F2016%2F04%2Fseptember-trial-set-for-alleged-email-hacker-guccifer-221947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hack-bush-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hack-bush_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatei2014" class="citation web cs1">Matei, Silviu (22 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2014/01/22/22402432-guccifer-hacker-who-leaked-bush-paintings-arrested-in-romania">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Guccifer' hacker who leaked Bush paintings arrested in Romania"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Guccifer%27+hacker+who+leaked+Bush+paintings+arrested+in+Romania&rft.date=2014-01-22&rft.aulast=Matei&rft.aufirst=Silviu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldnews.nbcnews.com%2F_news%2F2014%2F01%2F22%2F22402432-guccifer-hacker-who-leaked-bush-paintings-arrested-in-romania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FBI_Vault-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FBI_Vault_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/hillary-r.-clinton/Hillary%20R.%20Clinton%20Part%2021%20of%2021/view">"Hillary R. Clinton Part 21 of 21"</a>. <i>Federal Bureau of Investigation</i>. May 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft.atitle=Hillary+R.+Clinton+Part+21+of+21&rft.date=2018-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvault.fbi.gov%2Fhillary-r.-clinton%2FHillary%2520R.%2520Clinton%2520Part%252021%2520of%252021%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOJGuiltyPlea-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DOJGuiltyPlea_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DOJGuiltyPlea_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-edva/pr/romanian-hacker-guccifer-pleads-guilty-computer-hacking-crimes">Romanian Hacker "Guccifer" Pleads Guilty to Computer Hacking Crimes</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>, U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of Virginia (May 25, 2016).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiddle2023" class="citation web cs1">Biddle, Sam (January 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2023/01/15/guccifer-interview-hacked-clinton-emails/">"Sorry, Not Sorry: Guccifer, the Hacker Who Launched Clinton Email Flap, Speaks Out After Nearly a Decade Behind Bars"</a>. <i>theintercept.com</i>. The Intercept.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theintercept.com&rft.atitle=Sorry%2C+Not+Sorry%3A+Guccifer%2C+the+Hacker+Who+Launched+Clinton+Email+Flap%2C+Speaks+Out+After+Nearly+a+Decade+Behind+Bars&rft.date=2023-01-15&rft.aulast=Biddle&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2023%2F01%2F15%2Fguccifer-interview-hacked-clinton-emails%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuccifer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hacking_in_the_2010s778" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Template talk:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hacking_in_the_2010s778" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hacking in the 2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2000s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2000s">2000s</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;" class=""><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computer_security_hacker_history#2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of computer security hacker history">Timeline</a></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2020s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2020s">2020s</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aurora" title="Operation Aurora">Operation Aurora</a> (publication of 2009 events)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2010_Australian_cyberattacks" title="February 2010 Australian cyberattacks">Australian cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olympic_Games" title="Operation Olympic Games">Operation Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Network" title="Shadow Network">Operation ShadowNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Payback" title="Operation Payback">Operation Payback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_government_hackings" title="2011 Canadian government hackings">Canadian government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigiNotar" title="DigiNotar">DigiNotar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNSChanger" title="DNSChanger">DNSChanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBGary" title="HBGary">HBGary Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_AntiSec" title="Operation AntiSec">Operation AntiSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_PlayStation_Network_outage" title="2011 PlayStation Network outage">PlayStation network outage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSA_SecurID#March_2011_system_compromise" title="RSA SecurID">RSA SecurID compromise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_LinkedIn_hack" title="2012 LinkedIn hack">LinkedIn hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratfor_email_leak" title="Stratfor email leak">Stratfor email leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_High_Roller" title="Operation High Roller">Operation High Roller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">South Korea cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapchat#December_2013_hack" title="Snapchat">Snapchat hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25_cyber_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="June 25 cyber terror">Cyberterrorism attack of June 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_data_breaches#August_2013:_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! data breaches">2013 Yahoo! data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Singapore_cyberattacks" title="2013 Singapore cyberattacks">Singapore cyberattacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_medical_data_breach" title="Anthem medical data breach">Anthem medical data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tovar" title="Operation Tovar">Operation Tovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_celebrity_nude_photo_leak" title="2014 celebrity nude photo leak">2014 celebrity nude photo leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_JPMorgan_Chase_data_breach" title="2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach">2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Sony_Pictures_hack" title="2014 Sony Pictures hack">2014 Sony Pictures hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_hacker_password_theft" title="2014 Russian hacker password theft">Russian hacker password theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_data_breaches#Late_2014:_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! data breaches">2014 Yahoo! data breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management_data_breach" title="Office of Personnel Management data breach">Office of Personnel Management data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HackingTeam#2015_data_breach" title="HackingTeam">HackingTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Madison_data_breach" title="Ashley Madison data breach">Ashley Madison data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech#2015_data_breach" title="VTech">VTech data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ukraine_power_grid_hack" title="2015 Ukraine power grid hack">Ukrainian Power Grid Cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_SWIFT_banking_hack" title="2015–2016 SWIFT banking hack">SWIFT banking hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank_robbery" title="Bangladesh Bank robbery">Bangladesh Bank robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Presbyterian_Medical_Center#Ransomware" title="Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center">Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center ransomware incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_data_breach" title="Commission on Elections data breach">Commission on Elections data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks">Democratic National Committee cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_airports_hackings" title="Vietnamese airports hackings">Vietnam Airport Hacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee cyber attacks">DCCC cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Banks_data_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Indian Banks data breach">Indian Bank data breaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks">Surkov leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDoS_attacks_on_Dyn" title="DDoS attacks on Dyn">Dyn cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bitfinex_hack" title="2016 Bitfinex hack">2016 Bitfinex hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SHA1#SHAttered_–_first_public_collision" class="mw-redirect" title="SHA1">SHAttered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">2017 Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_data_breach" title="2017 Westminster data breach">Westminster data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petya_(malware_family)" title="Petya (malware family)">Petya and NotPetya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Equifax_data_breach" title="2017 Equifax data breach">Equifax data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deloitte#E-mail_hack" title="Deloitte">Deloitte breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disqus#October_2017_security_breach" title="Disqus">Disqus breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trustico#DigiCert_and_Trustico_spat,_2018" title="Trustico">Trustico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_government_ransomware_attack" title="Atlanta government ransomware attack">Atlanta cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_SingHealth_data_breach" title="2018 SingHealth data breach">SingHealth data breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_cyberattacks_on_Sri_Lanka" title="2019 cyberattacks on Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Baltimore_ransomware_attack" title="2019 Baltimore ransomware attack">Baltimore ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bulgarian_revenue_agency_hack" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Bulgarian revenue agency hack">Bulgarian revenue agency hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp_snooping_scandal" title="WhatsApp snooping scandal">WhatsApp snooping scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos_phone_hacking_incident" title="Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident">Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_associated_with_Anonymous" title="Timeline of events associated with Anonymous">associated events</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberBerkut" title="CyberBerkut">CyberBerkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Nigger_Association_of_America" title="Gay Nigger Association of America">GNAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatse_Security" title="Goatse Security">Goatse Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Squad" title="Lizard Squad">Lizard Squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzRaft" title="LulzRaft">LulzRaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzSec" title="LulzSec">LulzSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dyn_cyberattack#Perpetrators" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Dyn cyberattack">New World Hackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NullCrew" title="NullCrew">NullCrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OurMine" title="OurMine">OurMine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal_14" title="PayPal 14">PayPal 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedHack" title="RedHack">RedHack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teamp0ison" title="Teamp0ison">Teamp0ison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Overlord_(hacker_group)" title="The Dark Overlord (hacker group)"> TDO </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGNazi" title="UGNazi">UGNazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Cyber_Alliance" title="Ukrainian Cyber Alliance">Ukrainian Cyber Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_persistent_threat" title="Advanced persistent threat">Advanced<br />persistent threats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Black_Hat_Hackers" title="Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers">Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_121" title="Bureau 121">Bureau 121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charming_Kitten" title="Charming Kitten">Charming Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_Bear" title="Cozy Bear">Cozy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Basin" title="Dark Basin">Dark Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkMatter_Group" title="DarkMatter Group">DarkMatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfin_Team" title="Elfin Team">Elfin Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equation_Group" title="Equation Group">Equation Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear">Fancy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet#History" title="Stuxnet">GOSSIPGIRL</a> (confederation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacking_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacking Team">Hacking Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helix_Kitten" title="Helix Kitten">Helix Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Cyber_Army" title="Iranian Cyber Army">Iranian Cyber Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group" title="Lazarus Group">Lazarus Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group#BlueNorOff" title="Lazarus Group">BlueNorOff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group#AndAriel" title="Lazarus Group">AndAriel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSO_Group" title="NSO Group">NSO Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Panda" title="Numbered Panda">Numbered Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61398" title="PLA Unit 61398">PLA Unit 61398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61486" title="PLA Unit 61486">PLA Unit 61486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATINUM_(cybercrime_group)" title="PLATINUM (cybercrime group)">PLATINUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranknet" title="Pranknet">Pranknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Apollo" title="Red Apollo">Red Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Kitten" title="Rocket Kitten">Rocket Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_Falcon" title="Stealth Falcon">Stealth Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Electronic_Army" title="Syrian Electronic Army">Syrian Electronic Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailored_Access_Operations" title="Tailored Access Operations">Tailored Access Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_Brokers" title="The Shadow Brokers">The Shadow Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDedic" title="XDedic">xDedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Cyber_Army" title="Yemen Cyber Army">Yemen Cyber Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hacker" title="Hacker">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Ackroyd" title="Ryan Ackroyd">Ryan Ackroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Al-Bassam" title="Mustafa Al-Bassam">Mustafa Al-Bassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Anakin" title="Cyber Anakin">Cyber Anakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guccifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Gunton" title="Elliott Gunton">Elliott Gunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hammond" title="Jeremy Hammond">Jeremy Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junaid_Hussain" title="Junaid Hussain">Junaid Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLT_(hacktivist)" title="MLT (hacktivist)">MLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Monsegur" title="Hector Monsegur">Sabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Seleznev" title="Roman Seleznev">Track2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiary_(hacktivist)" title="Topiary (hacktivist)">Topiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jester_(hacktivist)" title="The Jester (hacktivist)">The Jester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">vulnerabilities</a><br />publicly <a href="/wiki/Full_disclosure_(computer_security)" title="Full disclosure (computer security)">disclosed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evercookie" title="Evercookie">Evercookie</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISeeYou" title="ISeeYou">iSeeYou</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartbleed" title="Heartbleed"> Heartbleed</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)" title="Shellshock (software bug)">Shellshock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/POODLE" title="POODLE">POODLE</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootpipe" title="Rootpipe">Rootpipe</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Row_hammer" title="Row hammer">Row hammer</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signaling_System_No._7#Protocol_security_vulnerabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Signaling System No. 7">SS7 vulnerabilities</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinShock" title="WinShock">WinShock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASBUG" title="JASBUG">JASBUG</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagefright_(bug)" title="Stagefright (bug)">Stagefright</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DROWN_attack" title="DROWN attack">DROWN</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlock" title="Badlock">Badlock</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_COW" title="Dirty COW">Dirty COW</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudbleed" title="Cloudbleed">Cloudbleed</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom_Corporation#soc-wifi-vulns" title="Broadcom Corporation">Broadcom Wi-Fi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EternalBlue" title="EternalBlue">EternalBlue</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoublePulsar" title="DoublePulsar">DoublePulsar</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Active_Management_Technology#Silent_Bob_is_Silent" title="Intel Active Management Technology">Silent Bob is Silent</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRACK" title="KRACK">KRACK</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROCA_vulnerability" title="ROCA vulnerability">ROCA vulnerability</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueBorne_(security_vulnerability)" title="BlueBorne (security vulnerability)">BlueBorne</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)" title="Meltdown (security vulnerability)">Meltdown</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(security_vulnerability)" title="Spectre (security vulnerability)">Spectre</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFAIL" title="EFAIL">EFAIL</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exactis" title="Exactis">Exactis</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass" title="Speculative Store Bypass">Speculative Store Bypass</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_FP_state_restore" title="Lazy FP state restore">Lazy FP state restore</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLBleed" title="TLBleed">TLBleed</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SigSpoof" title="SigSpoof">SigSpoof</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreshadow" title="Foreshadow">Foreshadow</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access#Dragonblood_attack" title="Wi-Fi Protected Access">Dragonblood</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling" title="Microarchitectural Data Sampling">Microarchitectural Data Sampling</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueKeep" title="BlueKeep">BlueKeep</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr00k" title="Kr00k">Kr00k</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware#Bad_Rabbit" title="Ransomware">Bad Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackEnergy#BlackEnergy_2_(BE2)" title="BlackEnergy"> Black Energy 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpyEye" title="SpyEye">SpyEye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet" title="Stuxnet">Stuxnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coreflood" title="Coreflood">Coreflood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alureon" title="Alureon">Alureon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqu" title="Duqu">Duqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelihos_botnet" title="Kelihos botnet">Kelihos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metulji_botnet" title="Metulji botnet">Metulji botnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_virus" title="Stars virus">Stars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carna_botnet" title="Carna botnet">Carna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_(malware)" title="Dexter (malware)">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_MoneyPak_Ransomware" title="FBI MoneyPak Ransomware">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_(malware)" title="Flame (malware)">Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_(malware)" title="Mahdi (malware)">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_October_(malware)" title="Red October (malware)">Red October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamoon" title="Shamoon">Shamoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CryptoLocker" title="CryptoLocker">CryptoLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">DarkSeoul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brambul" title="Brambul">Brambul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackEnergy#BlackEnergy_3_(BE3)" title="BlackEnergy"> Black Energy 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbanak" title="Carbanak">Carbanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careto_(malware)" title="Careto (malware)">Careto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkHotel" title="DarkHotel">DarkHotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqu_2.0" title="Duqu 2.0">Duqu 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FinFisher" title="FinFisher">FinFisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gameover_ZeuS" title="Gameover ZeuS">Gameover ZeuS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regin_(malware)" title="Regin (malware)">Regin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dridex" title="Dridex">Dridex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Tear" title="Hidden Tear">Hidden Tear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rombertik" title="Rombertik">Rombertik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeslaCrypt" title="TeslaCrypt">TeslaCrypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitler-Ransomware" title="Hitler-Ransomware">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(ransomware)" title="Jigsaw (ransomware)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeRanger" title="KeRanger">KeRanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Necurs">Necurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEMZ" title="MEMZ">MEMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirai_(malware)" title="Mirai (malware)">Mirai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(spyware)" title="Pegasus (spyware)">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petya_and_NotPetya" class="mw-redirect" title="Petya and NotPetya">Petya and NotPetya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Agent" title="X-Agent">X-Agent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BrickerBot" title="BrickerBot">BrickerBot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Ransomware" title="Kirk Ransomware">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LogicLocker" title="LogicLocker">LogicLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensenware" title="Rensenware">Rensenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(malware)" title="Triton (malware)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xafecopy_Trojan" title="Xafecopy Trojan">XafeCopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VPNFilter" title="VPNFilter">VPNFilter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grum_botnet" title="Grum botnet">Grum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanap" title="Joanap">Joanap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetTraveler" title="NetTraveler">NetTraveler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_Computer_Club#Staatstrojaner_affair" title="Chaos Computer Club">R2D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Banker_Trojan" title="Tiny Banker Trojan">Tinba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_(malware)" title="Titanium (malware)">Titanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroAccess_botnet" title="ZeroAccess botnet">ZeroAccess botnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&oldid=1266654960">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&oldid=1266654960</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_extradited_from_Romania" title="Category:People extradited from Romania">People extradited from Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_people_imprisoned_abroad" title="Category:Romanian people imprisoned abroad">Romanian people imprisoned abroad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_extradited_to_the_United_States" title="Category:People extradited to the United States">People extradited to the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_nationals_imprisoned_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Foreign nationals imprisoned in the United States">Foreign nationals imprisoned in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prisoners_and_detainees_of_Romania" title="Category:Prisoners and detainees of Romania">Prisoners and detainees of Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cybercriminals" title="Category:Cybercriminals">Cybercriminals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_criminals" title="Category:Romanian criminals">Romanian criminals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_people_of_Hungarian_descent" title="Category:Romanian people of Hungarian descent">Romanian people of Hungarian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hackers" title="Category:Hackers">Hackers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1971_births" title="Category:1971 births">1971 births</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Romanian-language_sources_(ro)" title="Category:CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)">CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 January 2025, at 17:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guccifer&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Guccifer</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>3 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6f54dd9999-vkg59","wgBackendResponseTime":133,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.509","walltime":"0.614","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2303,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":114449,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3067,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":115214,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 489.439 1 -total"," 42.09% 205.997 1 Template:Reflist"," 29.93% 146.475 19 Template:Cite_news"," 23.80% 116.465 3 Template:Navbox"," 23.36% 114.330 1 Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s"," 13.47% 65.927 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.39% 41.046 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.09% 29.783 8 Template:Cite_web"," 5.04% 24.672 1 Template:Birth_date"," 5.00% 24.448 1 Template:Distinguish"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.304","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5785177,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6c4b4c4bd6-8q2g8","timestamp":"20250208230030","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Guccifer","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guccifer","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15507754","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15507754","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-03-20T16:21:11Z","dateModified":"2025-01-01T17:07:39Z","headline":"Romanian hacker"}</script> </body> </html>