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id="toc-General_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Water supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-With_track_pans_or_water_troughs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#With_track_pans_or_water_troughs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>With track pans or water troughs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-With_track_pans_or_water_troughs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Condensing_tenders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Condensing_tenders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Condensing tenders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Condensing_tenders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuel_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Fuel supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuel_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tender_design_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tender_design_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tender design variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tender_design_variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tender design variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tender_design_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vanderbilt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanderbilt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Vanderbilt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanderbilt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whaleback" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whaleback"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Whaleback</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whaleback-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slopeback" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slopeback"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Slopeback</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slopeback-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corridor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corridor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Corridor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corridor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_cart" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_cart"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Water cart</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_cart-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canteen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canteen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Canteen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canteen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuel_tender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel_tender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Fuel tender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuel_tender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brake_tender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brake_tender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Brake tender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brake_tender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powered_tender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powered_tender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Powered tender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powered_tender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>German practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tender-first_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tender-first_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tender-first operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tender-first_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Tender (rail)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolewa" title="Kolewa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kolewa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Тэндар (вагон) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэндар (вагон)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80_(%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Тэндэр (вагон) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэндэр (вагон)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8nder" title="Tènder – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tènder" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokomotivn%C3%AD_tendr" title="Lokomotivní tendr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lokomotivní tendr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender" title="Tender – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tender" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlepptender" title="Schlepptender – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlepptender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9nder" title="Ténder – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ténder" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendro" title="Tendro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tendro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender_(wagon)" title="Tender (wagon) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tender (wagon)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender_(lokomotyf)" title="Tender (lokomotyf) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tender (lokomotyf)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%88%98%EC%B0%A8" title="탄수차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄수차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendro" title="Tendro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tendro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender_(treno)" title="Tender (treno) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tender (treno)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szerkocsi" title="Szerkocsi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szerkocsi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender_(locomotief)" title="Tender (locomotief) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tender (locomotief)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E6%B0%B4%E8%BB%8A" title="炭水車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭水車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender" title="Tender – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tender" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender_(qurilma)" title="Tender (qurilma) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tender (qurilma)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender_(kolejnictwo)" title="Tender (kolejnictwo) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tender (kolejnictwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Тендер (вагон) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тендер (вагон)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender_(%C5%BEeleznica)" title="Tender (železnica) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tender (železnica)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender" title="Tender – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tender" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenderi" title="Tenderi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tenderi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tender" title="Tender – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tender" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Тендер (вагон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тендер (вагон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E6%B0%B4%E8%BD%A6" title="煤水车 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="煤水车" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_locomotive&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Tender locomotive">Tender locomotive</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Steam locomotive fuel and water tank container</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Coal car" redirects here. For the modified automobile once popular in Vietnam, see <a href="/wiki/Xe_than" title="Xe than">Xe than</a>. For freight cars that carry coal, see <a href="/wiki/Hopper_car" title="Hopper car">Hopper car</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gondola_(rail)" title="Gondola (rail)">Gondola (rail)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Open_wagon" title="Open wagon">Open wagon</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sierra_Railway_3_Tender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sierra_Railway_3_Tender.jpg/250px-Sierra_Railway_3_Tender.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sierra_Railway_3_Tender.jpg/375px-Sierra_Railway_3_Tender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sierra_Railway_3_Tender.jpg/500px-Sierra_Railway_3_Tender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Railway_No._3" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Railway No. 3">Sierra Railway No. 3</a> tender</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:65_SECR_O1_class_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/65_SECR_O1_class_2.jpg/250px-65_SECR_O1_class_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/65_SECR_O1_class_2.jpg/375px-65_SECR_O1_class_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/65_SECR_O1_class_2.jpg/500px-65_SECR_O1_class_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A British <a href="/wiki/SER_O_class" title="SER O class">SECR O1 class</a> runs tender-first at the <a href="/wiki/Bluebell_Railway" title="Bluebell Railway">Bluebell Railway</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tender-Dampflok.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tender-Dampflok.JPG/250px-Tender-Dampflok.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tender-Dampflok.JPG/375px-Tender-Dampflok.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tender-Dampflok.JPG/500px-Tender-Dampflok.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cutaway_drawing" title="Cutaway drawing">Cutaway</a> cross section showing a Spanish tender designed for fuel oil. Green areas hold water and brown areas hold fuel oil. There is a special arrangement to prevent sloshing around during the movement of the train.</figcaption></figure> </div></div> <p>A <b>tender</b> or <b>coal-car</b> (US only) is a special <a href="/wiki/Railroad_car" title="Railroad car">rail vehicle</a> hauled by a <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a> containing its <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wood_fuel" title="Wood fuel">wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">oil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Torrefaction" title="Torrefaction">torrefied</a> <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass</a>) and water. Steam locomotives consume large quantities of water compared to the quantity of fuel, so their tenders are necessary to keep them running over long distances. A locomotive that pulls a tender is called a <b>tender locomotive</b>. Locomotives that do not have tenders and carry all their fuel and water on board are called <i><a href="/wiki/Tank_locomotive" title="Tank locomotive">tank locomotives</a></i> or <i>tank engines</i>. </p><p>A <b><a href="/wiki/Gangway_connection#Locomotives_(corridor_tenders)" title="Gangway connection">corridor tender</a></b> is a locomotive tender with a passageway to one side, allowing crew changes on the fly. </p><p>A <b>brake tender</b> is a tender that is heavy and used (primarily) to provide greater braking efficiency. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_functions">General functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest steam locomotives are semi-permanently coupled by a <a href="/wiki/Drawbar_(haulage)" title="Drawbar (haulage)">drawbar</a> to a tender that carries the water and fuel. The fuel source used depends on what is economically available locally. In the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, a plentiful supply of <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> made this the obvious choice from the earliest days of the steam engine. Until around 1850 in the <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United States">United States</a>, the vast majority of locomotives burned wood until most of the eastern forests were cleared. Subsequently, coal burning became more widespread, and wood burners were restricted to rural and logging districts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply">Water supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Water supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SNCF_241P_Class_with_34P_tender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SNCF_241P_Class_with_34P_tender.jpg/220px-SNCF_241P_Class_with_34P_tender.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SNCF_241P_Class_with_34P_tender.jpg/330px-SNCF_241P_Class_with_34P_tender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/SNCF_241P_Class_with_34P_tender.jpg/440px-SNCF_241P_Class_with_34P_tender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1445" data-file-height="938" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SNCF_241P_Class" class="mw-redirect" title="SNCF 241P Class">SNCF 241P Class</a> with 34P bogie tender, being filled from a water crane (Nantes Blotterau, France, August 1969)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DixianaRightSide.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/DixianaRightSide.JPG/250px-DixianaRightSide.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/DixianaRightSide.JPG/375px-DixianaRightSide.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/DixianaRightSide.JPG/500px-DixianaRightSide.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shay_locomotive" title="Shay locomotive">Shay locomotive</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Dixiana_(steam_locomotive)" title="Dixiana (steam locomotive)">Dixiana</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Camp_and_Big_Trees_Narrow_Gauge_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Roaring Camp and Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad">Roaring Camp and Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felton,_California" title="Felton, California">Felton, California</a>, with wooden <a href="/wiki/Water_tower" title="Water tower">water tower</a> and extendable <a href="/wiki/Spigot" class="mw-redirect" title="Spigot">spigot</a> visible in the background</figcaption></figure> <blockquote> <p>By the mid-1800s, most steam locomotive tenders consisted of a fuel bunker (that held coal or wood) surrounded by a U-shaped (when viewed from the top) water jacket. The overall shape of the tender was usually rectangular. The bunker which held the coal was sloped downwards toward the locomotive providing easier access to the coal. The ratio of water to fuel capacities of tenders was normally based on two water-stops to each fuel stop because water was more readily available than fuel. One pound [0.45 kg] of coal could turn six pounds of water (0.7 gallons) [2.7 kg] to steam. Therefore, tender capacity ratios were normally close to 7 tons (14,000 lb) [6,400 kg] of coal per 10,000 gallons [38,000 L] of water.<sup id="cite_ref-tenders08_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenders08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>The water supply in a tender was replenished at water stops and locomotive depots from a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Water_tower" title="Water tower">water tower</a> connected to <a href="/wiki/Water_crane" title="Water crane">water cranes</a> or gantries. Refilling the tender is the job of the <a href="/wiki/Fireman_(steam_engine)" title="Fireman (steam engine)">fireman</a>, who is responsible for maintaining the locomotive's fire, steam pressure, and supply of fuel and water. </p><p>Water carried in the tender must be forced into the <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boiler</a>, to replace that which is consumed during operation. Early engines used pumps driven by the motion of the pistons. Later, <a href="/wiki/Steam_injector" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam injector">steam injectors</a> replaced the pump while some engines used <a href="/wiki/Turbopump" title="Turbopump">turbopumps</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="With_track_pans_or_water_troughs">With track pans or water troughs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: With track pans or water troughs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK, the US and France, <a href="/wiki/Water_trough" title="Water trough">water troughs</a> (in the US, track pans) were provided on some main lines to allow locomotives to replenish their water supply while moving. A "water scoop" was fitted under the tender or the rear water tank in the case of a large tank engine; the fireman remotely lowered the scoop into the trough, the speed of the engine forced the water up into the tank, and the scoop was raised once it was full. </p><p>The fuel and water capacities of a tender are usually proportional to the rate at which they are consumed, though there were exceptions. The <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">New York Central Railroad</a> used <a href="/wiki/Track_pan" class="mw-redirect" title="Track pan">track pans</a> on many of their routes, allowing locomotives to pick up water at speed. The result was that the water tanks on these tenders were proportionally much smaller. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> water troughs were used by three of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Four_British_railway_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Four British railway companies">Big Four</a> railways. The exception was the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Railway (Great Britain)">Southern Railway</a> – mainly because the majority of the Southern's operations were based around short-distance commuter, suburban and rural services with frequent station stops where water could be taken on from <a href="/wiki/Water_crane" title="Water crane">water columns</a>. The Southern's decision to <a href="/wiki/Electrification" title="Electrification">electrify</a> its routes into <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Third_rail" title="Third rail">third rail</a> system also made the installation of water troughs impractical. Only on the former <a href="/wiki/London_and_South_Western_Railway" title="London and South Western Railway">London and South Western Railway</a> routes west of <a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a>, where long-distance express trains operated, was the lack of troughs a problem. Rather than install troughs the L&SWR (and the Southern) equipped its express locomotives with special high-capacity tenders with a water capacity of 4,000 gallons (18,200 L) running on a pair of twin-axle <a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">bogies</a>. These were known to railwaymen as "water cart" tenders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Condensing_tenders">Condensing tenders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Condensing tenders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAR_Class_25_3511_(4-8-4)_Tender.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/SAR_Class_25_3511_%284-8-4%29_Tender.JPG/220px-SAR_Class_25_3511_%284-8-4%29_Tender.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/SAR_Class_25_3511_%284-8-4%29_Tender.JPG/330px-SAR_Class_25_3511_%284-8-4%29_Tender.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/SAR_Class_25_3511_%284-8-4%29_Tender.JPG/440px-SAR_Class_25_3511_%284-8-4%29_Tender.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Tender from an <a href="/wiki/South_African_Class_25_4-8-4" title="South African Class 25 4-8-4">SAR Class 25</a> condensing locomotive; note the large radiator section</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Condensing_steam_locomotive" title="Condensing steam locomotive">Condensing steam locomotives</a> were designed to recycle exhaust steam by condensing it into feed water. The principal benefit is conservation of water, but the <a href="/wiki/Thermal_efficiency" title="Thermal efficiency">thermal efficiency</a> of the engine is also increased, since much of the heat otherwise lost in the exhaust is used to preheat water injected into the boiler.<sup id="cite_ref-Ransome-Wallis.1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ransome-Wallis.1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases condensing was employed simply to improve visibility by eliminating clouds of exhaust.<sup id="cite_ref-Ransome-Wallis.1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ransome-Wallis.1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A primitive approach to condensation simply injected the spent steam into the tender tank, relying on the mass of water for cooling.<sup id="cite_ref-Ransome-Wallis.1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ransome-Wallis.1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More sophisticated tenders, such as those used in the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Railways">South African Railways</a> <a href="/wiki/South_African_Class_25_4-8-4" title="South African Class 25 4-8-4">Class 25</a> locomotives designed for service in the <a href="/wiki/Karoo" title="Karoo">Karoo</a>, replaced most of the water tank with a huge radiator, in which the steam was cooled and condensed. Exhaust steam, after passing through an <a href="/wiki/Oil-water_separator" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil-water separator">oil-water separator</a>, was conveyed to the tender, where it powered a low-pressure turbine used to drive the radiator fans. The steam then passed into the radiator. The condensate was injected into the boiler with another turbine-driven pump.<sup id="cite_ref-Ransome-Wallis.2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ransome-Wallis.2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a quite complex bit of machinery, also requiring another turbine in the smokebox to provide the exhaust draft normally obtained by blowing the exhaust steam up the stack.<sup id="cite_ref-Ransome-Wallis.2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ransome-Wallis.2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually the SAR examples were converted to conventional locomotives by replacing the radiator with a long water tank.<sup id="cite_ref-Durrant_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durrant-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fuel_supply">Fuel supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fuel supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A factor that limits locomotive performance is the rate at which fuel is fed into the fire. Much of the fireman's time is spent throwing wood or shoveling coal into the firebox of the locomotive to maintain constant steam pressure. In the early 20th century some locomotives became so large that the fireman could not shovel coal fast enough.<sup id="cite_ref-AMBell_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMBell-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, in the United States, various steam-powered <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_stoker" title="Mechanical stoker">mechanical stokers</a> (typically using an auger feed between the fuel bunker and the firebox) became standard equipment and were adopted elsewhere, including Australia and South Africa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tender_design_variants">Tender design variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tender design variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SEt-Lyon_Loco_Verpilleux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/SEt-Lyon_Loco_Verpilleux.jpg/220px-SEt-Lyon_Loco_Verpilleux.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/SEt-Lyon_Loco_Verpilleux.jpg/330px-SEt-Lyon_Loco_Verpilleux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/SEt-Lyon_Loco_Verpilleux.jpg/440px-SEt-Lyon_Loco_Verpilleux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3430" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>A locomotive and tender designed by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Verpilleux" title="Claude Verpilleux">Claude Verpilleux</a> around 1842 for the <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> railway in France</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early days of railroading, tenders were rectangular boxes, with a bunker for coal or wood surrounded by a U-shaped water jacket. This form was retained up to the end of steam on many coal-burning engines. Oil-burning engines substituted a fuel tank for the bunker. Variations on this plan were made for operational reasons, in attempts to economize on structure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vanderbilt">Vanderbilt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vanderbilt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4-8-4_Confederation_type_locomotive,_6100,_Canadian_National_RR_(CJ_Allen,_Steel_Highway,_1928).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/4-8-4_Confederation_type_locomotive%2C_6100%2C_Canadian_National_RR_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/220px-4-8-4_Confederation_type_locomotive%2C_6100%2C_Canadian_National_RR_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/4-8-4_Confederation_type_locomotive%2C_6100%2C_Canadian_National_RR_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/330px-4-8-4_Confederation_type_locomotive%2C_6100%2C_Canadian_National_RR_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/4-8-4_Confederation_type_locomotive%2C_6100%2C_Canadian_National_RR_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/440px-4-8-4_Confederation_type_locomotive%2C_6100%2C_Canadian_National_RR_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Cylindrical Vanderbilt tender, of the Canadian National</figcaption></figure> <p>In early 1901, <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt_III" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt III">Cornelius Vanderbilt III</a> filed a patent application covering a new type of tender.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vanderbilt was the great-grandson of the founder of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">New York Central Railroad</a>; his tender featured a cylindrical body like a <a href="/wiki/Tank_car" title="Tank car">tank car</a> with a fuel bunker set into the front end. This design was soon adopted by a number of <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United States">American railroads</a> with oil-burning and coal-burning locomotives.<sup id="cite_ref-tenders08_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenders08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Compared to rectangular tenders, cylindrical Vanderbilt tenders were stronger, lighter, and held more fuel in relation to surface area. Railroads who were noted for using Vanderbilt tenders include:<sup id="cite_ref-tenders08_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenders08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_%26_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore & Ohio">Baltimore & Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian National">Canadian National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Trunk Western">Grand Trunk Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Railway_(U.S.)" title="Great Northern Railway (U.S.)">Great Northern Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Transportation_Company" title="Southern Pacific Transportation Company">Southern Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Pacific">Union Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_State_Railways" title="Hungarian State Railways">Hungarian State Railways</a> (MÁV Class 203)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Railways_Department" title="New Zealand Railways Department">New Zealand Railways Department</a> (<a href="/wiki/NZR_AB_class" title="NZR AB class">NZR AB class</a>, <a href="/wiki/NZR_J_class_(1939)" title="NZR J class (1939)">NZR J class</a>, <a href="/wiki/NZR_G_class_(1928)" title="NZR G class (1928)">NZR G class (1928)</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Chattanooga_and_St._Louis_Railway" title="Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway">Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaboard_Air_Line_Railroad" title="Seaboard Air Line Railroad">Seaboard Air Line Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Railways">South African Railways</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whaleback">Whaleback</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Whaleback"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgetown_Loop_No._12_Tender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Georgetown_Loop_No._12_Tender.jpg/220px-Georgetown_Loop_No._12_Tender.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Georgetown_Loop_No._12_Tender.jpg/330px-Georgetown_Loop_No._12_Tender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Georgetown_Loop_No._12_Tender.jpg/440px-Georgetown_Loop_No._12_Tender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>Whaleback tender built for the <a href="/wiki/Kahului_Railroad" title="Kahului Railroad">Kahului Railroad</a> in 1928</figcaption></figure> <p>A form peculiar to oil-burning engines was the "whaleback" tender (also sometimes called a "turtle-back" or "loaf" tender). This was a roughly half-cylindrical form with the rounded side up; the forward portion of the tank held the oil, while the remainder held the water. This form was particularly associated with the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Transportation_Company" title="Southern Pacific Transportation Company">Southern Pacific</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tenders08_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenders08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slopeback">Slopeback</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Slopeback"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa,_San_Francisco_(CJ_Allen,_Steel_Highway,_1928).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/220px-Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/330px-Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/440px-Sunset_Limited_on_the_train-ferry_at_Port_Costa%2C_San_Francisco_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>Locomotive with slopeback tender, loading the <i>Sunset Limited</i> onto the train-ferry <i>Solano</i> at <a href="/wiki/Port_Costa,_California" title="Port Costa, California">Port Costa</a>, San Francisco, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific R.R.</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, tenders with sloped backs were often used for locomotives in yard <a href="/wiki/Shunting_(rail)" title="Shunting (rail)">switching</a> service, because they greatly improved the engineer's ability to see behind the locomotive when switching cars. The reduced water capacity was not a problem, as the tender's water tank could be frequently refilled in the <a href="/wiki/Rail_yard" title="Rail yard">rail yard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tenders08_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenders08-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1880s, numerous locomotive manufacturers were offering tenders with this design on small <a href="/wiki/Switcher_locomotive" title="Switcher locomotive">switcher locomotives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corridor">Corridor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Corridor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Corridor_tender" class="mw-redirect" title="Corridor tender">Corridor tender</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LNER_pacific_4472_Flying_Scotsman,_with_corridor_tender_(CJ_Allen,_Steel_Highway,_1928).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/LNER_pacific_4472_Flying_Scotsman%2C_with_corridor_tender_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/220px-LNER_pacific_4472_Flying_Scotsman%2C_with_corridor_tender_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/LNER_pacific_4472_Flying_Scotsman%2C_with_corridor_tender_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/330px-LNER_pacific_4472_Flying_Scotsman%2C_with_corridor_tender_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/LNER_pacific_4472_Flying_Scotsman%2C_with_corridor_tender_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/440px-LNER_pacific_4472_Flying_Scotsman%2C_with_corridor_tender_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>LNER Class A1 <a href="/wiki/LNER_Class_A3_4472_Flying_Scotsman" title="LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman">No. 4472 <i>Flying Scotsman</i></a> with corridor tender</figcaption></figure> <p>For the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/London_and_North_Eastern_Railway" title="London and North Eastern Railway">London and North Eastern Railway</a>'s non-stop <a href="/wiki/Flying_Scotsman_(train)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying Scotsman (train)"><i>Flying Scotsman</i></a> service on 1 May 1928, ten special tenders were built with means to reach the locomotive from the train through a narrow passageway inside the tender tank plus a flexible bellows <a href="/wiki/Corridor_connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Corridor connection">connection</a> linking it with the leading coach. The passageway, which ran along the right-hand side of the tender, was 5 feet (1.52 m) high and 18 inches (0.46 m) wide. Further corridor tenders were built at intervals until 1938, and eventually there were 22; at various times, they were coupled to engines of classes <a href="/wiki/LNER_Gresley_Classes_A1_and_A3" title="LNER Gresley Classes A1 and A3">A1, A3</a>, <a href="/wiki/LNER_Class_A4" title="LNER Class A4">A4</a> and <a href="/wiki/LNER_Class_W1" title="LNER Class W1">W1</a>, but by the end of 1948, all were running with class A4 locomotives.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of the corridor tender for changing crews on the move in an A4 loco is shown in the 1953 British Transport film <i><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Express" title="Elizabethan Express">Elizabethan Express</a></i>, the name of another London-Edinburgh non-stop train. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_cart">Water cart</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Water cart"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:386_K10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/386_K10.jpg/220px-386_K10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/386_K10.jpg/330px-386_K10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/386_K10.jpg/440px-386_K10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Railway (Great Britain)">Southern Railway (Great Britain)</a> locomotive with a "water cart" tender</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>water cart</i> was a type of high-capacity tender used by the <a href="/wiki/London_and_South_Western_Railway" title="London and South Western Railway">London and South Western Railway</a> in England. Unlike the usual British six-wheel tender, it was a double-bogie design with inside bearings. This gave it a distinctive appearance because the wheels were very obvious.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canteen">Canteen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Canteen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:60019_Bittern_with_2nd_tender_at_NRM_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/60019_Bittern_with_2nd_tender_at_NRM_York.jpg/220px-60019_Bittern_with_2nd_tender_at_NRM_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/60019_Bittern_with_2nd_tender_at_NRM_York.jpg/330px-60019_Bittern_with_2nd_tender_at_NRM_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/60019_Bittern_with_2nd_tender_at_NRM_York.jpg/440px-60019_Bittern_with_2nd_tender_at_NRM_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4362" data-file-height="2178" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/LNER_Class_A4_4464_Bittern" title="LNER Class A4 4464 Bittern">"Bittern"</a> with second tender at York</figcaption></figure> <p>An additional tender which holds only water is called a "canteen" or "auxiliary tender". During the steam era, these were not frequently used. <a href="/wiki/Water_tank" title="Water tank">Water tanks</a> were placed at regular intervals along the track, making a canteen unnecessary in most cases. However, there were times that canteens proved economical. The <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_and_Western_Railway" title="Norfolk and Western Railway">Norfolk and Western Railway</a> used canteens with its giant <a href="/wiki/2-8-8-2" title="2-8-8-2">2-8-8-2</a> Y Class and <a href="/wiki/2-6-6-4" title="2-6-6-4">2-6-6-4</a> <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_and_Western_Railway_class_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk and Western Railway class A">A Class</a> locomotives on coal trains, timed freights, fast freights, and merchandise freights. Use of the canteen allowed one of the <a href="/wiki/Water_stop" title="Water stop">water stops</a> to be skipped, allowing the train to avoid climbing a hill from a dead stop. Currently, the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a> uses two canteens with its steam locomotives <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_844" title="Union Pacific 844">844</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_4014" title="Union Pacific 4014">4014</a> on excursion trains. Virtually all the trackside tanks were removed when steam locomotives were retired. Nowadays, <a href="/wiki/Fire_hydrant" title="Fire hydrant">fire hydrant</a> hookups are used, which fills the tanks much more slowly. The canteens allow for greater range between stops. </p><p>Canteens were also used on the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Australian_Railway" title="Trans-Australian Railway">Trans-Australian Railway</a> which crosses the waterless <a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Plain" title="Nullarbor Plain">Nullarbor Plain</a>. In New South Wales these vehicles were called "gins", and were used in the predominantly dry western region and on some branch lines. Now prominently use on heritage excursions due to the lack of places with accessible water points. During the catastrophic 2019-2020 bushfire season, as fires devastated towns near the Rail Transport Museum at Thirlmere, south of Sydney, a diesel locomotive from the museum hauled two gins to help replenish firefighting tanker trucks. </p><p>In the United Kingdom, a canteen was used on the preserved <i><a href="/wiki/LNER_Class_A3_4472_Flying_Scotsman" title="LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman">Flying Scotsman</a></i> during enthusiast excursions in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The <a href="/wiki/Water_trough" title="Water trough">water troughs</a> that had previously supplied long-distance expresses had been removed during <a href="/wiki/Dieselisation" title="Dieselisation">dieselisation</a> of the railway network. On 25 July 2009, <i>Bittern</i> made a 188-mile run from King's Cross to York non-stop using a second tender. As railways in Britain tend to be much shorter than those in the US, the canteen was not an economical proposition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fuel_tender">Fuel tender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fuel tender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sct-train-fa-hauled-g-class-geelong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sct-train-fa-hauled-g-class-geelong.jpg/220px-Sct-train-fa-hauled-g-class-geelong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sct-train-fa-hauled-g-class-geelong.jpg/330px-Sct-train-fa-hauled-g-class-geelong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Sct-train-fa-hauled-g-class-geelong.jpg/440px-Sct-train-fa-hauled-g-class-geelong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SCT_Logistics" title="SCT Logistics">SCT Logistics</a> train with tank car supplying fuel to the locomotives, reducing the number of fuel stops required on the transcontinental journey across Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>Sometimes a tender will be used for a <a href="/wiki/Diesel_locomotive" title="Diesel locomotive">diesel locomotive</a>. This is typically a tank car with a fuel line that connects to the locomotive and <a href="/wiki/Diesel_multiple_unit" title="Diesel multiple unit">MU</a> connections to allow locomotives behind the tender to be controlled remotely. The <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Northern_Railroad" title="Burlington Northern Railroad">Burlington Northern Railroad</a> used fuel tenders in remote territory where fuel was expensive. Diesel fuel could be bought cheaply and loaded into the tender. A common consist was two <a href="/wiki/EMD_SD40-2" title="EMD SD40-2">EMD SD40-2s</a> with a tender between them. Some of the tenders survived the <a href="/wiki/BNSF_Railway" title="BNSF Railway">Burlington Northern Santa Fe</a> merger but retain the black and green BN colors. The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific Railroad</a> also briefly experimented with fuel tenders for diesels. Some <a href="/wiki/Slug_(railroad)" title="Slug (railroad)">slugs</a> have fuel tanks and serve as fuel tenders for the attached locomotives, especially those that are converted from locomotives that are retired due to worn-out diesels. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a> used fuel tenders on its <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_GTELs" title="Union Pacific GTELs">turbines</a>. These tenders were originally used with steam locomotives, then reworked to hold heavy "Bunker C" fuel oil. Fuel capacity was about 23,000 gallons (87,000 liters). When the turbines were retired, some of the tenders were reworked to hold water, and employed as canteens for steam locomotives. </p><p>Fuel tenders have also been the cause of controversy for railroads, in particular<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the Soo Line. In the late 1970s, the management of the railroad discovered that it was cheaper for them to fill their fuel tenders at Chicago, and then transport the fuel to Shoreham Wisconsin. Doing this avoided the railroad needing to pay extra taxes on the fuel, and the system was continued until the mid 1980s. When the states of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> caught onto the railroad's actions, legislation was passed which charged the same over the road tax on the fuel movement over rail which was charged for truck drivers. Doing this completely negated the benefit of moving the fuel by way of the tenders, and Soo quietly withdrew the practice. </p><p>Tenders have also been developed to carry <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> for diesel locomotives converted to run on that fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-gastender08_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gastender08-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brake_tender">Brake tender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Brake tender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On <a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Great_Britain" title="History of rail transport in Great Britain">British railways</a>, brake tenders were low, heavy wagons used with early main line <a href="/wiki/Diesel_locomotive" title="Diesel locomotive">diesel locomotives</a>. One or two were coupled in front or behind the locomotive to provide extra braking power when hauling unfitted or partially fitted freight trains (trains formed from wagons not fitted with automatic brakes).<sup id="cite_ref-Larkin_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larkin-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SEMG-dbt_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEMG-dbt-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were required as the lighter weight of the new diesel locomotives, compared to steam, meant that they had comparable tractive effort (and thus train hauling capacity) but less braking ability.<sup id="cite_ref-Clough_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clough-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally intended to be used in North East England, where they were usually propelled (pushed) by the locomotive, and later used in other regions. On the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Region_of_British_Railways" title="Southern Region of British Railways">Southern Region</a> they were normally hauled behind the locomotive.<sup id="cite_ref-Larkin_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larkin-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tender took the form of a hollow box, low enough to avoid obscuring the driver's view when pushed. The body was carried on a pair of former carriage bogies, which provided the automatic brakes.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The body was filled with scrap steel to raise the weight of the vehicle to <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">35<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>–<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">37<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> tons; consequently increasing the available brake force.<sup id="cite_ref-SEMG-dbt_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEMG-dbt-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four lamp brackets were provided at each end to display locomotive headcode discs describing the class of train – when propelled, the tender obscured the front of the locomotive, and hence the headcode. </p><p>Introduced around 1964–65, they were taken out of use in the 1980s when the practice of using unfitted trains was discontinued. None survived in preservation but an operational replica has been constructed on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Central_Railway_(heritage_railway)" title="Great Central Railway (heritage railway)">Great Central Railway</a> from the remnants of a Mk1 corridor coach and has been given the next number in the brake tender sequence; B964122.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Powered_tender">Powered tender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Powered tender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain early British steam locomotives were fitted with powered tenders. As well as holding coal and water, these had wheels powered from the locomotive to provide greater tractive effort. These were abandoned for economic reasons; railwaymen working on locomotives so equipped demanded extra pay as they were effectively running two locomotives. However, the concept was tried again on the <a href="/wiki/Ravenglass_and_Eskdale_Railway" title="Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway">Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway</a>'s <i>River Mite</i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Garratt_locomotive" title="Garratt locomotive">Garratt locomotive</a> may be seen as an extension of this principle. Powered tenders were also seen on the <a href="/wiki/Triplex_locomotive" title="Triplex locomotive">triplex locomotives</a> in the United States, but these experiments were not considered successful due to the varying mass of the tender. Powered tenders were used extensively on geared logging steam locomotives like the <a href="/wiki/Shay_locomotive" title="Shay locomotive">Shay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climax_locomotive" title="Climax locomotive">Climax</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heisler_locomotive" title="Heisler locomotive">Heisler</a> types where the steep grades and heavy trains necessitated the extra tractive effort. </p><p>Nowadays, slugs are used with <a href="/wiki/Diesel-electric_locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel-electric locomotive">diesel-electric locomotives</a>. The slug has <a href="/wiki/Traction_motor" title="Traction motor">traction motors</a> that draw electricity from the locomotive's <a href="/wiki/Prime_mover_(locomotive)" title="Prime mover (locomotive)">prime mover</a> to provide extra <a href="/wiki/Traction_(engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traction (engineering)">traction</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_practice">German practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: German practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Germany, attention was given to ensuring that tender locomotives were capable of moderately high speeds in reverse, pushing their tenders. The numerous <a href="/wiki/DRB_Class_50" title="DRB Class 50">DRB Class 50</a> (<a href="/wiki/2-10-0" title="2-10-0">2-10-0</a>) locomotives, for example, were capable of 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph) in either direction, and were commonly used on <a href="/wiki/Branch_line" title="Branch line">branch lines</a> without turning facilities. </p><p>A source of possible confusion with regards to German locomotives is that in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Tenderlokomotive</i></span></i> means a tank locomotive. A locomotive with a separate, hauled tender is a <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schlepptenderlokomotive</i></span></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tender-first_operations">Tender-first operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tender-first operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:46443_Ivatt_at_Bewdley_station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/46443_Ivatt_at_Bewdley_station.JPG/200px-46443_Ivatt_at_Bewdley_station.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/46443_Ivatt_at_Bewdley_station.JPG/300px-46443_Ivatt_at_Bewdley_station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/46443_Ivatt_at_Bewdley_station.JPG/400px-46443_Ivatt_at_Bewdley_station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Preserved <a href="/wiki/LMS_Ivatt_Class_2_2-6-0" title="LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-0">LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-0</a> no. 46443 at <a href="/wiki/Bewdley_railway_station" title="Bewdley railway station">Bewdley</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Severn_Valley_Railway" title="Severn Valley Railway">Severn Valley Railway</a>. The front of the tender has a half-cab for tender-first running.</figcaption></figure> <p>In some instances, particularly on branch lines having no turnaround such as a <a href="/wiki/Railway_turntable" title="Railway turntable">turntable</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wye_(rail)" title="Wye (rail)">wye</a> at the terminus point, locomotives ran in reverse with the tender leading the train. In such instances, a headlamp (US) or headcode lamps/discs were placed on the leading end of the tender. Locomotive crews often rigged a <a href="/wiki/Tarpaulin" title="Tarpaulin">tarpaulin</a> (or the locomotive's storm sheet, if available) from the rear of the cab roof to the front of the tender to provide protection from the wind and to prevent coal dust being blown into the cab. Tenders designed for more frequent tender-first workings were often fitted with a fixed cab panel and windows, providing an almost fully enclosed cab. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_bin" title="Coal bin">Coal bunker</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tenders08-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tenders08_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tenders08_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tenders08_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tenders08_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tenders08_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steamlocomotive.com/types/tenders/">"Steam Locomotive Tenders"</a>. <i>Steamlocomotive.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Steamlocomotive.com&rft.atitle=Steam+Locomotive+Tenders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.steamlocomotive.com%2Ftypes%2Ftenders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ransome-Wallis.1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ransome-Wallis.1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ransome-Wallis.1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ransome-Wallis.1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRansome-Wallis1959" class="citation book cs1">Ransome-Wallis, P. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rsOYinjYGCkC&pg=PA314"><i>Illustrated Encyclopedia of World Railway Locomotives</i></a>. New York: Hawthorn Books. pp. 314–315. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486412474" title="Special:BookSources/9780486412474"><bdi>9780486412474</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+World+Railway+Locomotives&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=314-315&rft.pub=Hawthorn+Books&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=9780486412474&rft.aulast=Ransome-Wallis&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrsOYinjYGCkC%26pg%3DPA314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ransome-Wallis.2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ransome-Wallis.2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ransome-Wallis.2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRansome-Wallis1959" class="citation book cs1">Ransome-Wallis, P. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rsOYinjYGCkC&pg=PA472"><i>Illustrated Encyclopedia of World Railway Locomotives</i></a>. New York: Hawthorn Books. p. 472. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486412474" title="Special:BookSources/9780486412474"><bdi>9780486412474</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+World+Railway+Locomotives&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=472&rft.pub=Hawthorn+Books&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=9780486412474&rft.aulast=Ransome-Wallis&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrsOYinjYGCkC%26pg%3DPA472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durrant-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Durrant_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurrant1989" class="citation book cs1">Durrant, AE (1989). <i>Twilight of South African Steam</i> (1st ed.). Newton Abbott: <a href="/wiki/David_%26_Charles" title="David & Charles">David & Charles</a>. pp. 107–109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0715386387" title="Special:BookSources/0715386387"><bdi>0715386387</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twilight+of+South+African+Steam&rft.place=Newton+Abbott&rft.pages=107-109&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0715386387&rft.aulast=Durrant&rft.aufirst=AE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMBell-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AMBell_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1950" class="citation book cs1">Bell, A Morton (1950). <i>Locomotives</i> (seventh ed.). London: Virtue & Co Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Locomotives&rft.place=London&rft.edition=seventh&rft.pub=Virtue+%26+Co+Ltd&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=A+Morton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cornelius Vanderbilt, Tender for Locomotives, &c., <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US681760">U.S. patent 681,760</a></span>, granted Sept. 3, 1901.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Vanderbilt, Cornelius, "Locomotive Boilers" (1901), Baldwin Record of Recent Construction No. 23. This speech, delivered on January 8, 1901, to the junior members of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, provides a detailed description of the design and construction of the boiler, as well as the results of numerous tests that Baldwin Locomotive Works had run.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarris" class="citation web cs1">Barris, Wes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.steamlocomotive.com/locobase.php?country=Hungary&wheel=4-4-2&railroad=mav#1544">"Magyar Allamvasutak 4-4-2 Locomotives in Hungary"</a>. <i>steamlocomotive.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=steamlocomotive.com&rft.atitle=Magyar+Allamvasutak+4-4-2+Locomotives+in+Hungary&rft.aulast=Barris&rft.aufirst=Wes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.steamlocomotive.com%2Flocobase.php%3Fcountry%3DHungary%26wheel%3D4-4-2%26railroad%3Dmav%231544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TreSf6lRDygC&pg=PA120">Baldwin Locomotive Works Illustrated Catalogue of Locomotives, 2nd Ed.</a>, Lipincott, Philadelphia, 1881; pages 120 and 146 provide a photographs.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wERJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA54">Illustrated Catalogue of Locomotives manufactured by The Dickson Manufacturing Company</a>, Scranton, 1886; pages 32 and 123 provide the reason for the sloped back, pages 54 and 142 provide illustrations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoddyFryHenniganProud1963" class="citation book cs1">Boddy, M.G.; Fry, E.V.; Hennigan, W.; Proud, P.; Yeadon, W.B. (July 1963). Fry, E.V. (ed.). <i>Part 1: Preliminary Survey</i>. Locomotives of the L.N.E.R. Potters Bar: <a href="/wiki/Railway_Correspondence_and_Travel_Society" title="Railway Correspondence and Travel Society">RCTS</a>. pp. 64–65.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Part+1%3A+Preliminary+Survey&rft.place=Potters+Bar&rft.series=Locomotives+of+the+L.N.E.R.&rft.pages=64-65&rft.pub=RCTS&rft.date=1963-07&rft.aulast=Boddy&rft.aufirst=M.G.&rft.au=Fry%2C+E.V.&rft.au=Hennigan%2C+W.&rft.au=Proud%2C+P.&rft.au=Yeadon%2C+W.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoddyNeveYeadon1973" class="citation book cs1">Boddy, M.G.; Neve, E.; Yeadon, W.B. (April 1973). Fry, E.V. (ed.). <i>Part 2A: Tender Engines - Classes A1 to A10</i>. Locomotives of the L.N.E.R. Kenilworth: <a href="/wiki/Railway_Correspondence_and_Travel_Society" title="Railway Correspondence and Travel Society">RCTS</a>. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901115-25-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-901115-25-8"><bdi>0-901115-25-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Part+2A%3A+Tender+Engines+-+Classes+A1+to+A10&rft.place=Kenilworth&rft.series=Locomotives+of+the+L.N.E.R.&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=RCTS&rft.date=1973-04&rft.isbn=0-901115-25-8&rft.aulast=Boddy&rft.aufirst=M.G.&rft.au=Neve%2C+E.&rft.au=Yeadon%2C+W.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sremg.org.uk/steam/t9class_ten.shtml">"Drummond T9 "Greyhound" class 4-4-0 Tenders"</a>. <i>Southern Railway E-mail Group</i>. 30 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Railway+E-mail+Group&rft.atitle=Drummond+T9+%22Greyhound%22+class+4-4-0+Tenders&rft.date=2009-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsremg.org.uk%2Fsteam%2Ft9class_ten.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gastender08-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gastender08_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energyconversions.com/tender.htm">"Fuel Storage - LNG Locomotive Tender Car"</a>. Energy Conversions, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fuel+Storage+-+LNG+Locomotive+Tender+Car&rft.pub=Energy+Conversions%2C+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.energyconversions.com%2Ftender.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larkin-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Larkin_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larkin_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>BR Standard Freight Wagons - A Pictorial Survey</i>, David Larkin, D. Bradford Barton Ltd, 1975, p.61, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85153-240-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85153-240-3">0-85153-240-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SEMG-dbt-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SEMG-dbt_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SEMG-dbt_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sremg.org.uk/diesel/dbt.shtml">"Diesel Brake Tenders"</a>. <i>Southern Railway E-mail Group</i>. 10 December 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Railway+E-mail+Group&rft.atitle=Diesel+Brake+Tenders&rft.date=2002-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsremg.org.uk%2Fdiesel%2Fdbt.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clough-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clough_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClough2011" class="citation book cs1">Clough, David N. (2011). <i>Hydraulic vs Electric: The battle for the BR diesel fleet</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan</a>. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7110-3550-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7110-3550-8"><bdi>978-0-7110-3550-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hydraulic+vs+Electric%3A+The+battle+for+the+BR+diesel+fleet&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7110-3550-8&rft.aulast=Clough&rft.aufirst=David+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luddite.me.uk/modelling/dbt.asp">"Modelling Diesel Brake Tenders"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006195935/http://www.luddite.me.uk/modelling/dbt.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modelling+Diesel+Brake+Tenders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luddite.me.uk%2Fmodelling%2Fdbt.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcrailway.co.uk/2017/11/the-diesel-brake-tender/">"The Diesel Brake Tender | Great Central Railway – the UK's Only Main Line Heritage Railway"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Diesel+Brake+Tender+%26%23124%3B+Great+Central+Railway+%E2%80%93+the+UK%27s+Only+Main+Line+Heritage+Railway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcrailway.co.uk%2F2017%2F11%2Fthe-diesel-brake-tender%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLustig2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Lustig, David (2023-10-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trains.com/trn/train-basics/abcs-of-railroading/steam-locomotive-tenders-have-a-life-of-their-own/">"Steam locomotive tenders have a life of their own"</a>. <i>Trains</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trains&rft.atitle=Steam+locomotive+tenders+have+a+life+of+their+own&rft.date=2023-10-16&rft.aulast=Lustig&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trains.com%2Ftrn%2Ftrain-basics%2Fabcs-of-railroading%2Fsteam-locomotive-tenders-have-a-life-of-their-own%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATender+%28rail%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Diesel_brake_tenders" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Diesel brake tenders">Diesel brake tenders</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steamlocomotive.com/types/tenders/">United States locomotive tenders</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&oldid=1254233990">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tender_(rail)&oldid=1254233990</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Steam_locomotive_types" title="Category:Steam locomotive types">Steam locomotive types</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Steam_locomotive_technologies" title="Category:Steam locomotive technologies">Steam locomotive technologies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Locomotive_parts" title="Category:Locomotive parts">Locomotive parts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Steam_locomotive_tenders" title="Category:Steam locomotive tenders">Steam locomotive tenders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rail_transport" title="Category:Rail transport">Rail transport</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_April_2009" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2009">Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons category link is locally defined">Commons category link is locally defined</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 October 2024, at 01:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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