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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Congress of Manastir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Битолски конгрес – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битолски конгрес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongress_von_Monastir" title="Kongress von Monastir – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kongress von Monastir" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola_kongreso" title="Bitola kongreso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bitola kongreso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_de_Monastir" title="Congrès de Monastir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Congrès de Monastir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%82%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8_%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98" title="마나스티리트 회의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마나스티리트 회의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitolski_kongres" title="Bitolski kongres – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bitolski kongres" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongres_Monastir" title="Kongres Monastir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kongres Monastir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congresso_di_Manastir" title="Congresso di Manastir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Congresso di Manastir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manasztiri_kongresszus" title="Manasztiri kongresszus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Manasztiri kongresszus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Битолски конгрес – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Битолски конгрес" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongres_Manastir" title="Kongres Manastir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kongres Manastir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" title="マナスティル会議 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マナスティル会議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congresso_de_Manastir" title="Congresso de Manastir – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Congresso de Manastir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congresul_de_la_Manastir" title="Congresul de la Manastir – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Congresul de la Manastir" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongresi_i_Manastirit" title="Kongresi i Manastirit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kongresi i Manastirit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manastirski_kongres" title="Manastirski kongres – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Manastirski kongres" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manastirski_kongres" title="Manastirski kongres – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Manastirski kongres" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manastirkongressen" title="Manastirkongressen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Manastirkongressen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manast%C4%B1r_Kongresi" title="Manastır Kongresi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manastır Kongresi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="马纳斯蒂尔会议 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马纳斯蒂尔会议" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1908 academic conference held to standardize the Albanian alphabet</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Komisioni_i_Alfabetit_Monastir_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Komisioni_i_Alfabetit_Monastir_1908.jpg/250px-Komisioni_i_Alfabetit_Monastir_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Komisioni_i_Alfabetit_Monastir_1908.jpg/375px-Komisioni_i_Alfabetit_Monastir_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Komisioni_i_Alfabetit_Monastir_1908.jpg/500px-Komisioni_i_Alfabetit_Monastir_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>The core commission of the Congress: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;">1. <a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Fishta" title="Gjergj Fishta">Gjergj Fishta</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Mid'hat Frashëri</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Luigj_Gurakuqi" title="Luigj Gurakuqi">Luigj Gurakuqi</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Qiriazi" title="Gjergj Qiriazi">Gjergj Qiriazi</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Ndre_Mjeda" title="Ndre Mjeda">Dom Ndre Mjeda</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Grigor_Cilka" title="Grigor Cilka">Grigor Cilka</a> 7. Dhimitër Buda 8. <a href="/wiki/Shahin_Kolonja" title="Shahin Kolonja">Shahin Kolonja</a> 9. <a href="/wiki/Sotir_Peci" title="Sotir Peci">Sotir Peci</a> 10. <a href="/wiki/Bajo_Topulli" title="Bajo Topulli">Bajo Topulli</a> 11. Nyz'het Vrioni</div> Photo by <a href="/wiki/Kel_Marubi" title="Kel Marubi">Kel Marubi</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Congress of Manastir</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Kongresi i Manastirit</i>) was an <a href="/wiki/Academic_conference" title="Academic conference">academic conference</a> held in the city of <a href="/wiki/Manastir" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir">Manastir</a> (now Bitola) from November 14 to 22, 1908, with the goal of standardizing the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">Albanian alphabet</a>. November 22 is now a commemorative day in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, as well as among the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Albanian diaspora</a>, known as <b>Alphabet Day</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Dita e Alfabetit</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the Congress, the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian language</a> was represented by a combination of six or more<sup id="cite_ref-SH_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> distinct alphabets, plus a number of sub-variants.<sup id="cite_ref-Trix_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trix-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants">Participants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Manastir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Participants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delegat%C3%ABt_e_Kongresit_t%C3%AB_Manastirit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Delegat%C3%ABt_e_Kongresit_t%C3%AB_Manastirit.jpg/250px-Delegat%C3%ABt_e_Kongresit_t%C3%AB_Manastirit.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Delegat%C3%ABt_e_Kongresit_t%C3%AB_Manastirit.jpg/375px-Delegat%C3%ABt_e_Kongresit_t%C3%AB_Manastirit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Delegat%C3%ABt_e_Kongresit_t%C3%AB_Manastirit.jpg/500px-Delegat%C3%ABt_e_Kongresit_t%C3%AB_Manastirit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="897" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Main delegates of the Congress, from top to bottom: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"><b>Row 1:</b> Sami Pojani, Zenel Glina, <i>Selman Elbasani</i>, Simon Shuteriqi, Azis Starova, Mati Logoreci, Dhimitër Buda, Adham Shkaba Stratobërdha.<br /> <b>Row 2:</b> Rrok Berisha, <a href="/wiki/Bajo_Topulli" title="Bajo Topulli">Bajo Topulli</a>, Thoma Avrami, <a href="/wiki/Leonidha_Na%C3%A7i" title="Leonidha Naçi">Leonidha Naçi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sotir_Peci" title="Sotir Peci">Sotir Peci</a>, Shefqet Frashëri, <a href="/wiki/Luigj_Gurakuqi" title="Luigj Gurakuqi">Luigj Gurakuqi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahin_Kolonja" title="Shahin Kolonja">Shahin Kolonja</a>, Akil Efthim Korça, <i>Zenel Poda</i>.<br /> <b>Row 3:</b> Nyz'het Vrioni, Dhimitër Mole, <a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Qiriazi" title="Gjergj Qiriazi">Gjergj Qiriazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Fishta" title="Gjergj Fishta">Gjergj Fishta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Mid'hat Frashëri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dom_Nikoll_Ka%C3%A7orri" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom Nikoll Kaçorri">Dom Nikoll Kaçorri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ndre_Mjeda" title="Ndre Mjeda">Dom Ndre Mjeda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fehim_Zavalani" title="Fehim Zavalani">Fehim Zavalani</a>.<br /> <b>Row 4:</b> Refik Toptani, <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%87er%C3%A7iz_Topulli" title="Çerçiz Topulli">Çerçiz Topulli</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Mihal_Grameno" title="Mihal Grameno">Mihal Grameno</a>, <i>Friend of Çerçiz Topulli</i>, <i>Member of Manastir Club</i>.<br /> Notes: Missing in the photo are the following delegates: <a href="/wiki/Hil_Mosi" title="Hil Mosi">Hil Mosi</a>, Grigor Cilka, Hafëz Ibrahimi, Emin Beu, Rauf Beu, Selaudin Prizreni. Names in italic are non-delegates.</div> </figcaption></figure> <p>The congress was held by the Union Association (Albanian language: Bashkimi) literary society<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> at the house of <a href="/wiki/Fehim_Zavalani" title="Fehim Zavalani">Fehim Zavalani</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which served as the headquarters of the union. The participants of the congress were prominent figures of the cultural and political life from Albanian-inhabited territories in the Balkans, as well as throughout the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Albanian diaspora</a>. There were fifty delegates, representing twenty-three Albanian-inhabited cities, towns, and cultural and patriotic associations of whom thirty-two had voting rights in the congress, and eighteen were observers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Below is the list of the participants with the right to vote:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sami_Pojani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sami Pojani (page does not exist)">Sami Pojani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zenel_Glina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zenel Glina (page does not exist)">Zenel Glina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidha_Na%C3%A7i" title="Leonidha Naçi">Leonidha Naçi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Shuteriqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Shuteriqi (page does not exist)">Simon Shuteriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhimit%C3%ABr_Buda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhimitër Buda (page does not exist)">Dhimitër Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azis_Starova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azis Starova (page does not exist)">Azis Starova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adham_Shkaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adham Shkaba (page does not exist)">Adham Shkaba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mati_Logoreci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mati Logoreci (page does not exist)">Mati Logoreci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rrok_Berisha_Gjakova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rrok Berisha Gjakova (page does not exist)">Rrok Berisha Gjakova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajo_Topulli" title="Bajo Topulli">Bajo Topulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigor_Cilka" title="Grigor Cilka">Grigor Cilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotir_Peci" title="Sotir Peci">Sotir Peci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefqet_Frash%C3%ABri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shefqet Frashëri (page does not exist)">Shefqet Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigj_Gurakuqi" title="Luigj Gurakuqi">Luigj Gurakuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahin_Kolonja" title="Shahin Kolonja">Shahin Kolonja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahil_Eftim_Kor%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahil Eftim Korça (page does not exist)">Ahil Eftim Korça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hil%C3%AB_Mosi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilë Mosi">Hilë Mosi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyz%27het_Vrioni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nyz'het Vrioni (page does not exist)">Nyz'het Vrioni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhimit%C3%ABr_Mole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhimitër Mole (page does not exist)">Dhimitër Mole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Qiriazi" title="Gjergj Qiriazi">Gjergj Qiriazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Fishta" title="Gjergj Fishta">At Gjergj Fishta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midhat_Frash%C3%ABri" class="mw-redirect" title="Midhat Frashëri">Midhat Frashëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikoll_Ka%C3%A7orri" title="Nikoll Kaçorri">Nikoll Kaçorri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndre_Mjeda" title="Ndre Mjeda">Ndre Mjeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fehim_Zavalani" title="Fehim Zavalani">Fehim Zavalani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refik_Toptani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refik Toptani (page does not exist)">Refik Toptani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87er%C3%A7iz_Topulli" title="Çerçiz Topulli">Çerçiz Topulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihal_Grameno" title="Mihal Grameno">Mihal Grameno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parashqevi_Qiriazi" title="Parashqevi Qiriazi">Parashqevi Qiriazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Havez_Ibrahimi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Havez Ibrahimi (page does not exist)">Havez Ibrahimi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rauf_Beu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rauf Beu (page does not exist)">Rauf Beu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selahedin_Beu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selahedin Beu (page does not exist)">Selahedin Beu</a></li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proceedings">Proceedings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Manastir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Proceedings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mesonjetorja1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mesonjetorja1899.jpg/220px-Mesonjetorja1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mesonjetorja1899.jpg/330px-Mesonjetorja1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Mesonjetorja1899.jpg/440px-Mesonjetorja1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2504" data-file-height="1808" /></a><figcaption>The first secular school in the Albanian language, founded in 1887 in <a href="/wiki/Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Korçë">Korçë</a>. The picture is from 1899.</figcaption></figure> <p>The speeches of the first two days with regard to the alphabet were general in character, and helped to create the atmosphere in which to carry out the serious work. The representatives understood the importance of unity, regardless which alphabet was chosen. Gjergj Fishta, who praised the development of the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Unity_of_the_Albanian_Language" title="Society for the Unity of the Albanian Language">Bashkimi</a> alphabet, declared: “I have not come here to defend any one of the alphabets, but I have come here to unite with you and adopt that alphabet which the Congress decides upon as most useful for uplifting the people”. The audience was deeply moved by Fishta. Hodja Ibrahim Effendi, a <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Albania" title="Islam in Albania">Muslim clergyman</a>, rushed to Fishta and embraced him with tears in his eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych165_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych165-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the beginning of the Congress, the delegates elected a commission consisting of eleven members (four Muslims, four Orthodox and three Catholics) to make a decision before the other delegates arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gjergj Fishta was elected chairman of the commission, Parashqevi Qiriazi chairwoman and Mit'hat Frashëri its vice-chairman. <a href="/wiki/Luigj_Gurakuqi" title="Luigj Gurakuqi">Luigj Gurakuqi</a> became the secretary of the commission while the other five members of the commission were <a href="/wiki/Bajo_Topulli" title="Bajo Topulli">Bajo Topulli</a>, Ndre Mjeda, Shahin Kolonja, Gjergj Qiriazi and Sotir Peçi. Mit'hat Frashëri was also elected chairman of the congress. The delegates took a <a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">besa</a> to accept the decision of the committee. The committee deliberated on the question of a common alphabet for three successive days.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych165_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych165-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They promised, through said besa, that nothing would be known before the ultimate decision. </p><p>However, the Congress was unable to choose one single alphabet and instead opted for a compromise solution, using both the Istanbul and Bashkimi alphabets, but with some changes to reduce the differences between them. Usage of the alphabet of Istanbul declined rapidly and it became obsolete over the following years as Albania declared its independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych165_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych165-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bashkimi alphabet is the predecessor of the official alphabet for the Albanian language in use today. To those who were disappointed that the Congress had chosen two written scripts rather than one, Gjergj Fishta noted that <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> also had two written scripts. After some discussion, the decision for the use of both the Bashkimi and Istanbul alphabets was accepted by all the delegates. It was also agreed to have every local Albanian authority report to the Union Association, monthly, about developments in their areas. Another agreement resulted in another congress in <a href="/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina">Ioannina</a> on July 10, 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych165_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych165-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vendim_i_Komisionit_p%C3%ABr_%C3%A7%C3%ABshtjen_e_Abc-%C3%ABs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vendim_i_Komisionit_p%C3%ABr_%C3%A7%C3%ABshtjen_e_Abc-%C3%ABs.png/220px-Vendim_i_Komisionit_p%C3%ABr_%C3%A7%C3%ABshtjen_e_Abc-%C3%ABs.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vendim_i_Komisionit_p%C3%ABr_%C3%A7%C3%ABshtjen_e_Abc-%C3%ABs.png/330px-Vendim_i_Komisionit_p%C3%ABr_%C3%A7%C3%ABshtjen_e_Abc-%C3%ABs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vendim_i_Komisionit_p%C3%ABr_%C3%A7%C3%ABshtjen_e_Abc-%C3%ABs.png/440px-Vendim_i_Komisionit_p%C3%ABr_%C3%A7%C3%ABshtjen_e_Abc-%C3%ABs.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1688" /></a><figcaption>Original letter of the final decision of the Congress with signatures from all the delegates.</figcaption></figure> <p>On November 20, when the congress was coming to an end, Hodja Vildan, Fazil Pasha and Colonel Riza, three members of the Albanian community of Istanbul, arrived. They were to attend the congress and later advise smaller, similar Albanian societies that operated throughout Albania. At first, the three members sought to protect the writing of Albanian with the use of an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish alphabet</a>. However, Hodja Vildan nullified his concerns. He denounced <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Sultan Abdul Hamid</a> and defended the importance of unity among Albanians for self-determination and national spirit. Vildan argued that they had a right to use a Latin script, and that this would be a ‘tool’ for progress. He did not take the same position on the direction of writing and matters of religion, however. Said ideas continued to be defended by him in the other places the three members visited.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi370378_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi370378-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Manastir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congress_of_Manastir_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Congress_of_Manastir_Building.jpg/170px-Congress_of_Manastir_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Congress_of_Manastir_Building.jpg/255px-Congress_of_Manastir_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Congress_of_Manastir_Building.jpg/340px-Congress_of_Manastir_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption>The hotel owned by <a href="/wiki/Fehim_Zavalani" title="Fehim Zavalani">Fehim Zavalani</a>, where the congress was held in <a href="/wiki/Bitola" title="Bitola">Manastir</a> (Today the Museum of the Albanian Alphabet in Bitola)</figcaption></figure> <p>The adoption of a Latin character-based Albanian alphabet was considered an important step for Albanian unification.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi370378_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi370378-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duijzings163_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duijzings163-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych182_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych182-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NezirAkmese96_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NezirAkmese96-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Albanian Muslims and clerics, preferring an Arabic-based alphabet, expressed their opposition towards the Latin script due to concerns that it would undermine ties with the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi370378_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi370378-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duijzings163_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duijzings163-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych182_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych182-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation was also alarming for the Ottoman government, as the Albanians were the largest Muslim community in the European part of the empire, apart from the population of Istanbul. The <a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian national movement</a> was regarded as proof that others also felt a relationship to the nation, not just Christians, and that Islam alone could not keep Ottoman Muslims united.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> organised a congress in Debar in 1909, with the intention that Albanians formally declare themselves as Ottomans, promising to defend their territorial sovereignty and adopting an Arabic-based alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-NezirAkmese96_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NezirAkmese96-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They faced strong opposition from nationally minded Albanians, and the Albanian element took total control of the proceedings.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi370378_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi370378-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the congress was progressing, members of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Union_and_Progress" title="Committee of Union and Progress">CUP</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tirane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirane">Tirana</a> orchestrated a demonstration, criticising the adoption of a Latin-based alphabet to the local branch of the Union Association. Talat Bey, the interior minister, claimed that the Albanian population supported the use of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet, and not a Latin-based one. The Union Association did not stop the demonstration, instead organizing a <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Elbasan" title="Congress of Elbasan">congress</a> with 120 attendees in Elbasan.<sup id="cite_ref-Gawrych182_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gawrych182-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the alphabet matter and other <a href="/wiki/Young_Turk" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Turk">Young Turk</a> policies, relations among Albanian elites, nationalists, and Ottoman authorities broke down.<sup id="cite_ref-NezirAkmese96_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NezirAkmese96-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saunders97_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders97-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though at first Albanian nationalist clubs were not curtailed, the demands for political, cultural, and linguistic rights eventually made the Ottomans adopt measures to repress Albanian nationalism, which resulted in two Albanian revolts (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_Revolt_of_1910" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Revolt of 1910">1910</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Revolt_of_1912" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Revolt of 1912">1912</a>) towards the end of Ottoman rule.<sup id="cite_ref-NezirAkmese97_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NezirAkmese97-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poulton66_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poulton66-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ShawShaw288_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShawShaw288-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Congress of Manastir represents one of the most important events for Albanians,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the most important after the establishment the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a>, not only because of the decisions made, but also because those decisions were to be legally implemented by the Ottoman authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, festivities were organized in <a href="/wiki/Bitola" title="Bitola">Bitola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a> to celebrate the centenary of the congress. In all schools in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanians in North Macedonia">Albanian-majority areas</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, the first school hour was dedicated to honouring the Congress and teaching students about it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Manastir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Elbasan" title="Congress of Elbasan">Congress of Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Dibra" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Dibra">Congress of Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Manastir" title="Second Congress of Manastir">Second Congress of Manastir</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Manastir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927120409/http://www.portalb.mk/CategoryContent/RenderSingleContent/3-Lajme/11991-Ne-Maqedoni-festohet-Dita-e-Alfabetit"><i>Në Maqedoni festohet Dita e Alfabetit</i></a> [<i>Alphabet Day celebrated in Macedonia</i>] (in Albanian), portalb.mk, November 22, 2012, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portalb.mk/CategoryContent/RenderSingleContent/3-Lajme/11991-Ne-Maqedoni-festohet-Dita-e-Alfabetit">the original</a> on September 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=N%C3%AB+Maqedoni+festohet+Dita+e+Alfabetit&rft.pub=portalb.mk&rft.date=2012-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portalb.mk%2FCategoryContent%2FRenderSingleContent%2F3-Lajme%2F11991-Ne-Maqedoni-festohet-Dita-e-Alfabetit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kryeministri-ks.net/?page=2,9,2475"><i>The message of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosovo, Hashim Thaci on the event if the 103rd anniversary of the session of the Congress of Manastir on November 14, 1908</i></a>, Kosovo Prime Minister's Office, November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+message+of+the+Prime+Minister+of+the+Republic+of+Kosovo%2C+Hashim+Thaci+on+the+event+if+the+103rd+anniversary+of+the+session+of+the+Congress+of+Manastir+on+November+14%2C+1908&rft.pub=Kosovo+Prime+Minister%27s+Office&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kryeministri-ks.net%2F%3Fpage%3D2%2C9%2C2475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SH-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH, <a href="/wiki/Instituti_i_Gjuhesise_dhe_i_Letersise" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituti i Gjuhesise dhe i Letersise">Instituti i Gjuhesise dhe i Letersise</a>. 1988. pp. 149–159. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0563-5780">0563-5780</a><br /><i>Partial publication of the memo of Gjergj Qiriazi to the Austro-Hungarian consulate in Manastir, dated May 25, 1909, 20 pages</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studime+Filologjike&rft.atitle=Perse+u+zgjodhen+dy+alfabete&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=149-159&rft.date=1988&rft.issn=0563-5780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trix-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trix_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrances_Trix1997" class="citation cs2">Frances Trix (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122005808/https://www.degruyter.com/dg/viewarticle/j$002fijsl.1997.issue-128$002fijsl.1997.128.1$002fijsl.1997.128.1.xml;jsessionid=931AE8D59924EAA5246CD1229A36584C">"Alphabet conflict in the Balkans: Albanian and the Congress of Monastir"</a>, <i>International Journal of the Sociology of Language</i>, <b>128</b>: 1–24, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fijsl.1997.128.1">10.1515/ijsl.1997.128.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0165-2516">0165-2516</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143944248">143944248</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.degruyter.com/dg/viewarticle/j$002fijsl.1997.issue-128$002fijsl.1997.128.1$002fijsl.1997.128.1.xml;jsessionid=931AE8D59924EAA5246CD1229A36584C">the original</a> on November 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Sociology+of+Language&rft.atitle=Alphabet+conflict+in+the+Balkans%3A+Albanian+and+the+Congress+of+Monastir&rft.volume=128&rft.pages=1-24&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143944248%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0165-2516&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fijsl.1997.128.1&rft.au=Frances+Trix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdg%2Fviewarticle%2Fj%24002fijsl.1997.issue-128%24002fijsl.1997.128.1%24002fijsl.1997.128.1.xml%3Bjsessionid%3D931AE8D59924EAA5246CD1229A36584C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.albanianews.it/culture/history/14-November-1908-congress-of-manastir">"14 November 1908, the day of the Congress of Manastir"</a>. <i>Albania News</i>. November 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Albania+News&rft.atitle=14+November+1908%2C+the+day+of+the+Congress+of+Manastir&rft.date=2019-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.albanianews.it%2Fculture%2Fhistory%2F14-November-1908-congress-of-manastir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych165-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych165_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych165_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych165_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych165_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FGmJqMflYgoC&pg=PA504"><i>Entangled Histories of the Balkans – Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies</i></a>. June 13, 2013. p. 504. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004250765" title="Special:BookSources/9789004250765"><bdi>9789004250765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entangled+Histories+of+the+Balkans+%E2%80%93+Volume+One%3A+National+Ideologies+and+Language+Policies&rft.pages=504&rft.date=2013-06-13&rft.isbn=9789004250765&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFGmJqMflYgoC%26pg%3DPA504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi370378-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi370378_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi370378_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi370378_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skendi370378_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkendi1967">Skendi 1967</a>, pp. 370–378</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duijzings163-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duijzings163_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duijzings163_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuijzings2002">Duijzings 2002</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gawrych182-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych182_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych182_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gawrych182_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGawrych2006">Gawrych 2006</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NezirAkmese96-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NezirAkmese96_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NezirAkmese96_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NezirAkmese96_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNezir-Akmese2005">Nezir-Akmese 2005</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders97-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saunders97_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSaunders2011">Saunders 2011</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NezirAkmese97-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NezirAkmese97_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNezir-Akmese2005">Nezir-Akmese 2005</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poulton66-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Poulton66_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPoulton1995">Poulton 1995</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShawShaw288-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ShawShaw288_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShawShaw1977">ShawShaw 1977</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527163913/http://www.seeu.edu.mk/english/news/events_read.asp?Event_ID=81">"Six successful years of SEEU"</a>. South Eastern European University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seeu.edu.mk/english/news/events_read.asp?Event_ID=81">the original</a> on May 27, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Six+successful+years+of+SEEU&rft.pub=South+Eastern+European+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seeu.edu.mk%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fevents_read.asp%3FEvent_ID%3D81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMustafa2014" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mustafa, Avzi (March 19, 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gazetadielli.com/kongresi-i-dyte-i-manastirit/"><i>Kongresi i dytë i Manastirit</i></a> [<i>Second Congress of Monastir</i>] (in Albanian), <a href="/wiki/Dielli_(newspaper)" title="Dielli (newspaper)">Dielli</a>, <q>Kongresi i parë i Manastirit, pas Lidhjes së Prizrenit, ishte ngjarja më e madhe e popullit shqiptar, që u hapi rrugën jo vetëm të kërkesave legjitime të shqiptarëve, por që edhe ato kërkesa të realizohen në mënyrë legale dhe të jenë të lejuara nga qeveria e Sulltanit përmes rrugës parlamentare. <i>translated</i><br /> First Congress of Monastir, after the League of Prizren, was the biggest event for the Albanian people, which not only opened the path to the legitimate demands of the Albanians, but those demands to come implemented pretty soon in a legal way by the Sultan's government through parliamentary channels</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kongresi+i+dyt%C3%AB+i+Manastirit&rft.pub=Dielli&rft.date=2014-03-19&rft.aulast=Mustafa&rft.aufirst=Avzi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazetadielli.com%2Fkongresi-i-dyte-i-manastirit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Manastir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuijzings2002" class="citation book cs1">Duijzings, Gerlachlus (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oRASDq3rc-YC&q=Bosniak&pg=PA46">"Religion and the politics of 'Albanianism': Naim Frasheri's Bektashi writings"</a>. In Schwanders-Sievers, Stephanie; Fischer, Bernd J. (eds.). <i>Albanian Identities: Myth and History</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 60–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253341891" title="Special:BookSources/9780253341891"><bdi>9780253341891</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Religion+and+the+politics+of+%27Albanianism%27%3A+Naim+Frasheri%27s+Bektashi+writings&rft.btitle=Albanian+Identities%3A+Myth+and+History&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pages=60-69&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780253341891&rft.aulast=Duijzings&rft.aufirst=Gerlachlus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoRASDq3rc-YC%26q%3DBosniak%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGawrych2006" class="citation book cs1">Gawrych, George (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC&q=The+crescent+and+the+eagle%3A+Ottoman+rule%2C+Islam+and+the+Albanians%2C+1874-1913+lexicon&pg=PA21"><i>The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913</i></a>. London: IB Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845112875" title="Special:BookSources/9781845112875"><bdi>9781845112875</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crescent+and+the+Eagle%3A+Ottoman+rule%2C+Islam+and+the+Albanians%2C+1874%E2%80%931913&rft.place=London&rft.pub=IB+Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781845112875&rft.aulast=Gawrych&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwPOtzk-unJgC%26q%3DThe%2Bcrescent%2Band%2Bthe%2Beagle%253A%2BOttoman%2Brule%252C%2BIslam%2Band%2Bthe%2BAlbanians%252C%2B1874-1913%2Blexicon%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLloshi2008" class="citation book cs1">Lloshi, Xhevat (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9_gXTda0HS8C&q=gjuha+letrare+dhe+gjuha+standarde&pg=PA191"><i>Rreth Alfabetit te Shqipes</i></a> [<i>About the Albanian Alphabet</i>]. Logos. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789989582684" title="Special:BookSources/9789989582684"><bdi>9789989582684</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rreth+Alfabetit+te+Shqipes&rft.pub=Logos&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789989582684&rft.aulast=Lloshi&rft.aufirst=Xhevat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9_gXTda0HS8C%26q%3Dgjuha%2Bletrare%2Bdhe%2Bgjuha%2Bstandarde%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNezir-Akmese2005" class="citation book cs1">Nezir-Akmese, Handan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kgXWpISjIWQC&q=albanian+alphabet&pg=PA97"><i>The Birth of Modern Turkey: The Ottoman Military and the March to WWI</i></a>. London: IB Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850437970" title="Special:BookSources/9781850437970"><bdi>9781850437970</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Modern+Turkey%3A+The+Ottoman+Military+and+the+March+to+WWI&rft.place=London&rft.pub=IB+Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781850437970&rft.aulast=Nezir-Akmese&rft.aufirst=Handan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkgXWpISjIWQC%26q%3Dalbanian%2Balphabet%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsmani1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Osmani, Tomor (1999). "Historia e alfabetit" [History of the Alphabet]. <i>Udha e shkronjave shqipe</i> [<i>The Pathway of the Albanian Letters</i>] (in Albanian). pp. 461–496.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historia+e+alfabetit&rft.btitle=Udha+e+shkronjave+shqipe&rft.pages=461-496&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Osmani&rft.aufirst=Tomor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoulton1995" class="citation book cs1">Poulton, Hugh (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ppbuavUZKEwC&q=Albanian+nationalism"><i>Who are the Macedonians?</i></a>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850652380" title="Special:BookSources/9781850652380"><bdi>9781850652380</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+are+the+Macedonians%3F&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781850652380&rft.aulast=Poulton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DppbuavUZKEwC%26q%3DAlbanian%2Bnationalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders2011" class="citation book cs1">Saunders, Robert A. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vM5hZEsdz94C&q=Albanian+nationalism&pg=PA108"><i>Ethnopolitics in Cyberspace: The Internet, Minority Nationalism, and the Web of Identity</i></a>. Lanham: Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739141946" title="Special:BookSources/9780739141946"><bdi>9780739141946</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnopolitics+in+Cyberspace%3A+The+Internet%2C+Minority+Nationalism%2C+and+the+Web+of+Identity&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780739141946&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvM5hZEsdz94C%26q%3DAlbanian%2Bnationalism%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShawShaw1977" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Stanford J.; Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AIET_7ji7YAC&q=Albanian+nationalists"><i>History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 2, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 1808-1975</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521291668" title="Special:BookSources/9780521291668"><bdi>9780521291668</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+and+Modern+Turkey%3A+Volume+2%2C+Reform%2C+Revolution%2C+and+Republic%3A+The+Rise+of+Modern+Turkey+1808-1975&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780521291668&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Stanford+J.&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Ezel+Kural&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAIET_7ji7YAC%26q%3DAlbanian%2Bnationalists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkendi1967" class="citation book cs1">Skendi, Stavro (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8QPWCgAAQBAJ&q=Congress+was+held&pg=PR15"><i>The Albanian national awakening</i></a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400847761" title="Special:BookSources/9781400847761"><bdi>9781400847761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Albanian+national+awakening&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=9781400847761&rft.aulast=Skendi&rft.aufirst=Stavro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8QPWCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DCongress%2Bwas%2Bheld%26pg%3DPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACongress+of+Manastir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Manastir&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYq4GIisZF0"><span class="plainlinks">Official informational video of the festivities for the 100th anniversary of the Congress of Manastir</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template talk:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Albanians under the Ottoman Empire</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Background</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Rebellion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Italian_expedition" title="Skanderbeg's Italian expedition">Italian expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign" title="Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign">Macedonian campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_uprisings_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Albanian uprisings in the Ottoman Empire">Albanian revolts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1432%E2%80%931436" title="Albanian revolt of 1432–1436">1432 – 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">1843 – 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1845" title="Albanian revolt of 1845">1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1847" title="Albanian revolt of 1847">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">1912</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Venetian_War" title="Albanian–Venetian War">Albanian–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina#Downfall" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Ballaban's campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Mehmed II's campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_revolt_of_1453%E2%80%931454" title="Morea revolt of 1453–1454">Morea revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Pasha_Bushatli#History" title="Mustafa Pasha Bushatli">Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkodra_revolt_of_1854" title="Shkodra revolt of 1854">Shkodra revolt of 1854</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena" title="Battle of Albulena">Albulena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_De%C3%A7iq" title="Battle of Deçiq">Deçiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lopate" title="Battle of Lopate">Lopate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lum%C3%AB" title="Battle of Lumë">Lumë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martini%C4%87i_(1796)" title="Battle of Martinići (1796)">Martinići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Me%C3%A7ad_(1465)" title="Battle of Meçad (1465)">Meçad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(1445)" title="Battle of Mokra (1445)">Mokra I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(July_1462)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mokra (July 1462)">Mokra II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murino" title="Battle of Murino">Murino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nov%C5%A1i%C4%87e" title="Battle of Novšiće">Novšiće</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ohrid" title="Battle of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1448)" title="Battle of Oranik (1448)">Oranik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1456)" title="Battle of Oranik (1456)">Oranik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otonet%C3%AB" title="Battle of Otonetë">Otonetë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Polog" title="Battle of Polog">Polog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">Savra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Torvioll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulcinj_(1880)" title="Battle of Ulcinj (1880)">Ulcinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vaikal">Vaikal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Congregations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Dib%C3%ABr" title="Congress of Dibër">Dibër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dibra" title="Convention of Dibra">Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dukagjin" title="Convention of Dukagjin">Dukagjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Elbasan" title="Congress of Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frash%C3%ABr_Assembly_(1880)" title="Frashër Assembly (1880)">Frashër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Ku%C3%A7i" title="Convention of Kuçi">Kuçi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë">Lezhë</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manastir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Manastir" title="Second Congress of Manastir">Manastir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Mat" title="Convention of Mat">Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">Peja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Preveza" title="Assembly of Preveza">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">Prizren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Krujë <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450)" title="Siege of Krujë (1450)">1450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1466%E2%80%931467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1466–1467)">1466 – 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1467)">1467</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1478)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Krujë (1478)">1477 – 78</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Berat_(1455)" title="Siege of Berat (1455)">Berat</a></li> <li>Shkodër <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra_(1474)" title="Siege of Shkodra (1474)">1474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">1478 – 79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)">1912 – 13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Svetigrad_(1448)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Svetigrad (1448)">Svetigrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armatoles" title="Armatoles">Armatoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars">Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashi-bazouk" title="Bashi-bazouk">Bashi-Bazouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devshirme" title="Devshirme">Devshirme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ABsonj%C3%ABtorja" title="Mësonjëtorja">Mësonjëtorja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Albania" title="Albanian nationalism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Kosovo" title="Albanian nationalism in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanian nationalism in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Albania" title="Partition of Albania">Partition of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_piracy" title="Albanian piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li>Principalities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Dukagjini" title="Principality of Dukagjini">Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kastrioti" title="Principality of Kastrioti">Kastrioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Muzaka" title="Principality of Muzaka">Muzaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum Millet">Rum Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_Skanderbeg" title="Myth of Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipahi" title="Sipahi">Spahiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratioti" title="Stratioti">Stratioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi script</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eyalets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Eyalet" title="Ioannina Eyalet">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Pashaliks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Berat" title="Pashalik of Berat">Berat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Scutari" title="Pashalik of Scutari">Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Yanina" title="Pashalik of Yanina">Yanina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sanjaks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Avlona" title="Sanjak of Avlona">Avlona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Delvina" title="Sanjak of Delvina">Delvina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dibra" title="Sanjak of Dibra">Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Elbasan" title="Sanjak of Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_G%C3%B6rice" title="Sanjak of Görice">Görice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ioannina" title="Sanjak of Ioannina">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Monastir" title="Sanjak of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ohrid" title="Sanjak of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Scutari" title="Sanjak of Scutari">Scutari</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vilayets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janina Vilayet">Janina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_nobility" title="Category:Albanian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_people_from_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:15th-century Albanian people">15th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:16th-century Albanian people">16th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:17th-century Albanian people">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:18th-century Albanian people">18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:19th-century Albanian people">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:20th-century Albanian people">20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_Grand_Viziers_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Albanian Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Viziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Albanian_nobility" title="Category:Ottoman Albanian nobility">Ottoman – Albanian nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_Pashas" title="Category:Albanian Pashas">Pashas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bulgaria" title="Albanians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Croatia" title="Albanians of Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbanasi_people" title="Arbanasi people">Arbanasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Egypt" title="Albanians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Greece" title="Albanians in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Arvanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliotes" title="Souliotes">Souliotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Western_Thrace" title="Albanians of Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people" title="Arbëreshë people">Arbëreshë</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Syria" title="Albanians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Turkey" title="Albanians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Ukraine" title="Albanians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Albania" title="Category:Ottoman Albania">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="16px_Bitola_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=North_Macedonia&#124;link=North_Macedonia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bitola" title="Template:Bitola"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bitola" title="Template talk:Bitola"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bitola" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bitola"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="16px_Bitola_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=North_Macedonia&#124;link=North_Macedonia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg/16px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg/24px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg/32px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="611" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bitola" title="Bitola">Bitola</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_(North_Macedonia)" title="Baba (North Macedonia)">Baba Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragor_(river)" title="Dragor (river)">Dragor River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagonia" title="Pelagonia">Pelagonia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bitola_Municipality.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="611" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bitola_(1015)" title="Battle of Bitola (1015)">Battle of Bitola (1015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Congress of Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Manastir" title="Second Congress of Manastir">Second Congress of Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir" title="Battle of Monastir">Battle of Monastir (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir_(1916)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Monastir (1916)">Battle of Monastir (1916)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monastir_(1917)" title="Battle of Monastir (1917)">Battle of Monastir (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitola_Oblast" title="Bitola Oblast">Bitola Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Monastir" title="History of the Jews in Monastir">Jewish history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Consulate_of_Serbia,_Bitola" title="Honorary Consulate of Serbia, Bitola">Serbian consulate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitola_Zoo" title="Bitola Zoo">Bitola Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Demetrius,_Bitola" title="Church of Saint Demetrius, Bitola">Church of Saint Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Nedela" title="Church of Saint Nedela">Church of Saint Nedela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Virgin_Mary,_Bitola" title="Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, Bitola">Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_Tower_(Bitola)" title="Clock Tower (Bitola)">Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Cathedral_of_the_Sacred_Heart,_Bitola" title="Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart, Bitola">Co-Cathedral of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazi_Hajdar_Kadi_Mosque" title="Gazi Hajdar Kadi Mosque">Gazi Hajdar Kadi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Lyncestis" title="Heraclea Lyncestis">Heraclea Lyncestis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Archive_of_Bitola" title="Historical Archive of Bitola">Historical Archive of Bitola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishak_%C3%87elebi_Mosque" title="Ishak Çelebi Mosque">Ishak Çelebi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Square" title="Magnolia Square">Magnolia Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_Military_High_School" title="Monastir Military High School">Monastir Military High School (Institute and Museum Bitola)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mosque,_Bitola" title="New Mosque, Bitola">New Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officers%27_Hall" title="Officers' Hall">Officers' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bazaar,_Bitola" title="Old Bazaar, Bitola">Old Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_Statue" title="Philip II Statue">Philip II Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0irok_Sokak" title="Širok Sokak">Širok Sokak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velu%C5%A1ka_Tumba" title="Veluška Tumba">Veluška Tumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zandan_Tower" title="Zandan Tower">Zandan Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FK_Pelister" title="FK Pelister">FK Pelister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KK_Pelister" title="KK Pelister">KK Pelister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RK_Eurofarm_Pelister" title="RK Eurofarm Pelister">RK Eurofarm Pelister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RK_Eurofarm_Pelister_2" title="RK Eurofarm Pelister 2">RK Eurofarm Pelister 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_%C4%8Curlevski_Sports_Hall" title="Boro Čurlevski Sports Hall">Boro Čurlevski Sports Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Milo%C5%A1evski_Football_Stadium" title="Petar Miloševski Football Stadium">Petar Miloševski Football Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ckembari" title="Čkembari">Čkembari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDRK_Pelister" title="ŽRK Pelister">ŽRK Pelister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Clement_of_Ohrid_University_of_Bitola" title="St. Clement of Ohrid University of Bitola">St. Clement of Ohrid University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To%C5%A1e_Proeski_Music_School" title="Toše Proeski Music School">Toše Proeski Music School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Festival" title="Akto Festival">Akto Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitolino" title="Bitolino">Bitolino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaki_Brothers_Film_Festival" title="Manaki Brothers Film Festival">Manaki Brothers Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si-Do" title="Si-Do">Si-Do</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitola_railway_station" title="Bitola railway station">Bitola railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logovardi_Airfield" title="Logovardi Airfield">Logovardi Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Med%C5%BEitlija-N%C3%ADki" title="Medžitlija-Níki">Medžitlija-Níki border crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Bitola" title="List of people from Bitola">List of people from Bitola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Manastir&oldid=1259338517">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Manastir&oldid=1259338517</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1908_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" 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