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</li> <li class="tabItem marginal" data-related-content="studyMarginals" aria-label="marginal"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="navigationContents"> <div id="studyDiscover" class="studyPane active tabContent"> <div class="section"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui"><strong>Overview of Galatians</strong></span></h3><div class="summaryOverview"><ul class="content"><li class='scalableui'><div class="overview chapterOnly"> <ul class="outline"><li class="L1 collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><p class="se title"><span class="itemLabel"><strong>C.</strong> </span><strong>A PERSON IS DECLARED RIGHTEOUS ONLY THROUGH FAITH IN CHRIST, NOT THROUGH WORKS OF LAW (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/2#h=12:0-24:0"><strong>2:15–4:20</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><span class="icon"></span></div><ul><li class="L2"><p class="s5">If righteousness is through works of law, Christ died for nothing (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/2#h=12:0-13:0">2:15-21</a>)</p></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5">Works of law versus faith (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3#h=13:0-16:0">3:1-14</a>)</p></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5">The promises to Abraham did not come through the Law (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3#h=16:0-17:0">3:15-18</a>)</p></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5">Purpose of the Mosaic Law (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3#h=17:0-19:0">3:19-25</a>)</p></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5">No longer slaves but sons of God (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3#h=19:0-22:0">3:26–4:7</a>)</p></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5">An appeal not to be enslaved to weak and beggarly things again (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/4#h=22:0-23:0">4:8-11</a>)</p></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5">Paul’s concern for Christians in Galatia (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/4#h=23:0-24:0">4:12-20</a>)</p></li></ul></li></ul></div> </li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-1" data-section-citation="048003001048003001"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:1</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="s5"><strong>O senseless Galatians!:</strong> The Greek word for “senseless” (<em>a·noʹe·tos</em>) does not necessarily mean that the Galatian Christians lacked intelligence. In this context, it refers to “unwillingness to use one’s mental faculties in order to understand,” as one lexicon puts it. Paul had just reminded the Galatian Christians that they had been declared righteous, not because they had kept the Mosaic Law, but because they had faith in Jesus Christ. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/1/0" data-bid="2-1" class="b">Ga 2:15-21</a>) Jesus had freed them from the condemnation of the Mosaic Law. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/0/0">study note on Ga 2:21</a>.) Foolishly, some Galatians were forsaking that precious freedom and were returning to an obsolete Law that could only condemn them. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/2/0" data-bid="3-1" class="b">Ga 1:6</a>) By exclaiming “O senseless Galatians!” Paul rebuked them for taking this step backward.</p> <p id="p5" data-pid="5" class="s5"><strong>Galatians:</strong> Apparently Paul here refers to the Christians in the congregations located in those southern parts of Galatia where he had preached.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/1/0">study note on Ga 1:2</a>.</p> <p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="s5"><strong>has brought you under this evil influence:</strong> The expression is translated from the Greek verb <em>ba·skaiʹno,</em> used only here in the Christian Greek Scriptures. The term was sometimes used to mean “to bewitch” or “to put a spell on,” which is how many English Bibles render this word. However, in ancient Greek, that verb also had a figurative meaning, so it did not always signify that a magical power was at work to mislead someone. Paul uses the term in the broader sense of leading others astray and wrongly influencing them. He is vividly characterizing the negative influence of those who were trying to mislead the Galatians.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/55" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-56"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 5:7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-56" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-56" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/56" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-57"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 1:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-57" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-57" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p74" data-pid="74" class="se"></p> <p id="p75" data-pid="75" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/61/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 880</a></p> <p id="p76" data-pid="76" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p28" data-pid="28" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/26/0">it-1 880;</a></p> <p id="p29" data-pid="29" class="sx"></p> <p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/36/0">w82 11/15 28;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/36/2"> ad 614</a></p> <p id="p39" data-pid="39" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-2" data-section-citation="048003002048003002"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:2</span></h3><div class="group footnote"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Footnotes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item footnote" data-extract-id="verseFootnote-4"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">*</span></span><span class="scalableui"><p id="p45" data-pid="45">Lit., “learn from.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/57" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-58"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 1:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-58" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-58" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p39" data-pid="39" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/37/0">w69 665;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/37/1"> w63 108;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/37/2"> w62 215;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/37/3"> w61 342,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/37/4"> 432;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/37/5"> w57 391,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/37/6"> 437</a></p> <p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-3" data-section-citation="048003003048003003"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:3</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p8" data-pid="8" class="s5"><strong>After starting on a spiritual course:</strong> Lit., “After starting in spirit.” The Christians in Galatia had started to grow toward spiritual maturity. At the beginning of their course, they were acting in harmony with God’s holy spirit and following its guidance.</p> <p id="p9" data-pid="9" class="s5"><strong>are you finishing on a fleshly course?:</strong> Lit., “are you being completed in flesh?” “After starting on a spiritual course,” the Galatian Christians were now being influenced by men who were not guided by God’s spirit, especially those who advocated circumcision and strict adherence to the Mosaic Law. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/4/0" data-bid="5-1" class="b">Ga 3:1;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/4/1" data-bid="5-2" class="b"> 5:2-6</a>) Such “a fleshly course” could result in their failing to attain spiritual maturity and could endanger their prospects for eternal life.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/5/0" data-bid="6-1" class="b">Ga 6:8</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/58" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-59"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 4:9, 10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-59" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-59" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/38/0">w68 528</a></p> <p id="p41" data-pid="41" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-5" data-section-citation="048003005048003005"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:5</span></h3><div class="group footnote"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Footnotes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item footnote" data-extract-id="verseFootnote-5"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">*</span></span><span class="scalableui"><p id="p46" data-pid="46">Or “performs miracles.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/59" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-60"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 12:8-10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-60" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-60" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p41" data-pid="41" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/39/0">w65 687</a></p> <p id="p42" data-pid="42" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-6" data-section-citation="048003006048003006"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:6</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p11" data-pid="11" class="s5"><strong>Jehovah:</strong> In this quote from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/7/0" data-bid="8-1" class="b">Ge 15:6</a>, the divine name, represented by four Hebrew consonants (transliterated <em>YHWH</em>), occurs in the original Hebrew text. (See <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/0">App. C1</a> and <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/1">C2</a>.) Existing Greek manuscripts have the word <em>The·osʹ</em> (God) here, perhaps reflecting the term used at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/8/0" data-bid="9-1" class="b">Ge 15:6</a> in available copies of the <em>Septuagint.</em> This usage may explain why most translations use “God” here. However, the original Hebrew text from which this quotation is taken contains the Tetragrammaton, and therefore the divine name is used here in the main text. The whole phrase taken from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/9/0" data-bid="10-1" class="b">Ge 15:6</a> is also quoted at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/10/0" data-bid="11-1" class="b">Ro 4:3</a> and <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/11/0" data-bid="12-1" class="b">Jas 2:23</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/60" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-61"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 15:6; Ro 4:3; Jas 2:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-61" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-61" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p42" data-pid="42" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/40/0">w65 687</a></p> <p id="p43" data-pid="43" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-7" data-section-citation="048003007048003007"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:7</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="s5"><strong>sons of Abraham:</strong> The covenant of circumcision was originally made with Abraham. Apparently, “the false brothers” were arguing that Christians would be “sons of Abraham” only if they kept the Law. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/13/0" data-bid="14-1" class="b">Ga 2:4;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/13/1" data-bid="14-2" class="b"> 3:1, 2;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/13/2" data-bid="14-3" class="b"> Ge 17:10</a>; see Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/2/0">Circumcision</a>.”) However, Paul explains that true “sons of Abraham” are <strong>those who adhere to faith,</strong> that is, those who have faith like that of Abraham.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/14/0" data-bid="15-1" class="b">Ga 3:9</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/3/0">study note on Ga 3:29</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/61" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-62"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:11, 12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-62" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-62" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p43" data-pid="43" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/41/0">po 163;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/41/3"> w65 493,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/41/4"> 687;</a><span class="ni"> tf 180</span></p> <p id="p44" data-pid="44" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-8" data-section-citation="048003008048003008"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:8</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/62" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-63"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 3:30</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-63" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-63" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/63" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-64"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 12:3; 18:18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-64" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-64" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p76" data-pid="76" class="se"></p> <p id="p77" data-pid="77" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/62/0"><em>Worldwide Security,</em> pp. 86-87</a></p> <p id="p78" data-pid="78" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p29" data-pid="29" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/27/0">ws 86-87;</a></p> <p id="p30" data-pid="30" class="sx"></p> <p id="p44" data-pid="44" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/42/0">w74 330;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/42/2"> po 85-86;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/42/4"> w65 687;</a><span class="ni"> w49 101;</span><span class="ni"> na46 16;</span><span class="ni"> w43 174;</span><span class="ni"> tf 180;</span><span class="ni"> w33 189</span></p> <p id="p45" data-pid="45" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-9" data-section-citation="048003009048003009"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:9</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p15" data-pid="15" class="s5"><strong>who had faith:</strong> In this verse, the Greek word <em>pi·stosʹ,</em> rendered “who had faith,” describes someone who puts trust in, or who has faith in, someone or something. It could also convey the meaning “faithful.”—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/4/0">study note on 2Co 6:15</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/64" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-65"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:16, 17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-65" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-65" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p78" data-pid="78" class="se"></p> <p id="p79" data-pid="79" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/63/0"><em>Worldwide Security,</em> p. 87</a></p> <p id="p80" data-pid="80" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p30" data-pid="30" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/28/0">ws 87;</a></p> <p id="p31" data-pid="31" class="sx"></p> <p id="p45" data-pid="45" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/43/0">w74 330</a></p> <p id="p46" data-pid="46" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-10" data-section-citation="048003010048003010"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:10</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p17" data-pid="17" class="s5"><strong>it is written: “Cursed is everyone who”:</strong> Paul here quotes <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/17/0" data-bid="18-1" class="b">De 27:26</a>, which shows that if the Jews violated the Law that they agreed to follow (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/18/0" data-bid="19-1" class="b">Ex 24:3</a>), they would come under the curses written in it. The word “cursed” (Greek, <em>e·pi·ka·taʹra·tos</em>) refers to being condemned by God. (See Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/5/0">Curse</a>.”) Paul showed that <em>all</em> the Jews needed to be redeemed not only from the sin of Adam but also from the curse of the Law.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/19/0" data-bid="20-1" class="b">Ro 5:12;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/19/1" data-bid="20-2" class="b"> Ga 3:10-13</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/6/0">study note on Ga 3:13</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/65" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-66"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 27:26; Ac 15:10; Ro 7:10; Ga 5:3; Jas 2:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-66" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-66" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p80" data-pid="80" class="se"></p> <p id="p81" data-pid="81" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/64/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 557-558,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/65/0"> 1192-1193</a></p> <p id="p82" data-pid="82" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p31" data-pid="31" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/29/0">it-1 557-558,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/29/2"> 1193;</a></p> <p id="p32" data-pid="32" class="sx"></p> <p id="p46" data-pid="46" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/44/0">ad 402;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/44/1"> w70 735-736;</a><span class="ni"> im 278;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/44/4"> w64 198</a></p> <p id="p47" data-pid="47" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-11" data-section-citation="048003011048003011"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:11</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p19" data-pid="19" class="s5"><strong>the righteous one will live by reason of faith:</strong> Paul quotes from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/21/0" data-bid="22-1" class="b">Hab 2:4</a> when he emphasizes that faith in Christ Jesus—not works of the Mosaic Law—is the true basis on which Christians can be declared righteous.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/22/0" data-bid="23-1" class="b">Ro 10:3, 4</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/7/0">study notes on Ro 1:17</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/66" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-67"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 13:39; Ga 2:15, 16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-67" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-67" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/67" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-68"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Hab 2:4; Ro 1:17; 10:4; Heb 10:38</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-68" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-68" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p82" data-pid="82" class="se"></p> <p id="p83" data-pid="83" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/66/0"><em>Jehovah’s Day,</em> pp. 187-188</a></p> <p id="p84" data-pid="84" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p32" data-pid="32" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/30/0">jd 187-188;</a></p> <p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="sx"></p> <p id="p47" data-pid="47" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/45/0">w73 437;</a><span class="ni"> im 278;</span><span class="ni"> g63 12/22 6;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/45/4"> w62 305</a></p> <p id="p48" data-pid="48" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-12" data-section-citation="048003012048003012"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:12</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/68" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-69"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Le 18:5; De 30:16; Ro 10:5</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-69" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-69" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p48" data-pid="48" class="sx"><span class="ni">cj 71;</span><span class="ni"> im 278</span></p> <p id="p49" data-pid="49" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-13" data-section-citation="048003013048003013"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:13</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p21" data-pid="21" class="s5"><strong>becoming a curse instead of us:</strong> The Mosaic Law stated that those who were under that covenant and who violated its laws would be cursed. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/8/0">study note on Ga 3:10</a>.) In this verse, Paul quotes <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/24/0" data-bid="25-1" class="b">De 21:22, 23</a>, which shows that the bodies of those who were “accursed of God” were hung on stakes. So Jesus had to be hung on a stake as a cursed criminal to benefit the Jewish people. He assumed the full weight of the curse that the Law imposed on them. His death thus enabled any Jew who chose to put faith in him as the Messiah to be relieved of that curse. Paul’s point here may echo Jesus’ words to the Pharisee Nicodemus.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/9/0">study note on Joh 3:14</a>.</p> <p id="p22" data-pid="22" class="s5"><strong>a stake:</strong> See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/10/0">study note on Ac 5:30</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/69" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-70"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 7:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-70" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-70" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/70" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-71"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 26:27, 28; Heb 9:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-71" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-71" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/71" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-72"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 2:24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-72" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-72" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/72" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-73"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 21:23; Ac 5:30</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-73" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-73" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p84" data-pid="84" class="se"></p> <p id="p85" data-pid="85" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/67/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 557-558,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/68/0"> 1192-1193</a></p> <p id="p86" data-pid="86" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/69/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> pp. 248,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/70/0"> 300-301,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/71/0"> 1117</a></p> <p id="p87" data-pid="87" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/72/0"><em>Bible Teach,</em> p. 205</a></p> <div id="p88" data-pid="88"><p data-pid="88" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/73/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="88" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/73/0">8/8/1988, pp. 26-27</a></p> </div><p id="p89" data-pid="89" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/31/0">it-1 557-558,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/31/2"> 1193;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/31/4"> it-2 248,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/31/6"> 300-301,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/31/8"> 1117;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/31/10"> bh 205;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/31/12"> g88 8/8 27;</a></p> <p id="p34" data-pid="34" class="sx"></p> <p id="p49" data-pid="49" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/47/0">sl 75-76;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/47/2"> po 159;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/47/4"> g74 9/22 28;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/47/6"> w72 691;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/47/8"> w71 274;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/47/10"> ad 1063,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/47/11"> 1609;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/47/12"> w70 735-736;</a><span class="ni"> li 98;</span><span class="ni"> im 278;</span><span class="ni"> g63 1/8 28;</span><span class="ni"> g63 4/8 28;</span><span class="ni"> ns 264;</span><span class="ni"> pa 144;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/47/20"> w57 166;</a><span class="ni"> rm 148;</span><span class="ni"> w39 152;</span><span class="ni"> s 186;</span><span class="ni"> w37 232;</span><span class="ni"> w34 101;</span><span class="ni"> jh 144;</span><span class="ni"> w33 348</span></p> <p id="p50" data-pid="50" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-14" data-section-citation="048003014048003014"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:14</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/73" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-74"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 2:15, 16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-74" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-74" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/74" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-75"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joe 2:28</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-75" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-75" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p50" data-pid="50" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/48/0">w65 687;</a><span class="ni"> im 278;</span><span class="ni"> w39 152;</span><span class="ni"> s 186</span></p> <p id="p51" data-pid="51" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-15" data-section-citation="048003015048003015"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:15</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p24" data-pid="24" class="s5"><strong>a covenant:</strong> The Greek word <em>di·a·theʹke</em> is used 33 times in the Christian Greek Scriptures, always in the sense of “a covenant” or an “agreement.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/0" data-bid="27-1" class="b">Mt 26:28;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/1" data-bid="27-2" class="b"> Lu 22:20;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/2" data-bid="27-3" class="b"> 1Co 11:25;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/3" data-bid="27-4" class="b"> Ga 3:17;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/4" data-bid="27-5" class="b"> 4:24;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/5" data-bid="27-6" class="b"> Heb 8:6,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/6" data-bid="27-7" class="b"> 8;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/7" data-bid="27-8" class="b"> 10:16,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/8" data-bid="27-9" class="b"> 29;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/9" data-bid="27-10" class="b"> 12:24</a>) A number of Bible translations render the Greek word <em>di·a·theʹke</em> as a person’s “will,” or testament, in this verse. However, in view of the immediate context in which God’s covenant with Abraham is discussed (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/27/0" data-bid="28-1" class="b">Ga 3:16-18</a>), the rendering “covenant” seems appropriate in this verse also.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/11/0">study note on Ga 3:17</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-16" data-section-citation="048003016048003016"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:16</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p26" data-pid="26" class="s5"><strong>the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his offspring:</strong> Under inspiration, Paul identifies Jesus Christ as the primary part of the offspring of Abraham. (The Greek word <em>sperʹma,</em> literally “seed,” is often rendered “offspring” in connection with Jehovah’s promises about the Messiah. See <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/2">App. A2</a>.) After the rebellion in Eden, Jehovah promised that a “woman” would produce an “offspring” who would crush the head of the serpent, Satan. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/29/0" data-bid="30-1" class="b">Ge 3:15</a>) Jehovah’s covenant with Abraham stated that his offspring would bring blessings to mankind. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/30/0" data-bid="31-1" class="b">Ge 12:1-3,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/30/1" data-bid="31-2" class="b"> 7;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/30/2" data-bid="31-3" class="b"> 13:14, 15;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/30/3" data-bid="31-4" class="b"> 17:7;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/30/4" data-bid="31-5" class="b"> 22:15-18;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/30/5" data-bid="31-6" class="b"> 24:7;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/30/6" data-bid="31-7" class="b"> Ga 3:8</a>) God also revealed that the offspring would be a descendant of King David of the tribe of Judah, which was true of Jesus. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/31/0" data-bid="32-1" class="b">Ge 49:10;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/31/1" data-bid="32-2" class="b"> Ps 89:3, 4;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/31/2" data-bid="32-3" class="b"> Lu 1:30-33</a>; see study note on <strong>your descendants . . . your offspring</strong> in this verse.) At <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/32/0" data-bid="33-1" class="b">Ga 3:26-29</a>, Paul indicates that in the spiritual fulfillment of the promise to Abraham, there would be a secondary part of Abraham’s offspring.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/12/0">study note on Ga 3:29</a>.</p> <p id="p27" data-pid="27" class="s5"><strong>It does not say:</strong> Or possibly, “He does not say.” In Greek, the reference could be either to the scripture that Paul is quoting or to God. The implied subject is “it,” referring to the scripture that Paul is quoting. However, it is possible to understand that “He,” referring to God, is the subject of the sentence.</p> <p id="p28" data-pid="28" class="s5"><strong>your descendants . . . your offspring:</strong> Lit., “your seeds . . . your seed.” Paul refers to God’s promises to Abraham and his “offspring.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/33/0" data-bid="34-1" class="b">Ge 12:7;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/33/1" data-bid="34-2" class="b"> 13:14, 15;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/33/2" data-bid="34-3" class="b"> 17:7;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/33/3" data-bid="34-4" class="b"> 22:17, 18;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/33/4" data-bid="34-5" class="b"> 24:7</a>) In those promises regarding Abraham’s “offspring” (lit., “seed”), the Hebrew and Greek terms used are in the singular form. However, they often refer to such offspring in a collective sense. Here, Paul contrasts the Greek word <em>sperʹma</em> in plural (rendered “descendants”) with the singular form (rendered “offspring”). He makes this distinction to show that when speaking of the blessings to come through Abraham’s offspring, God made primary reference to <em>one</em> person, namely, Christ. The promise that all the families of the earth would be blessed by means of Abraham’s “offspring” could not have included <em>all</em> of his descendants, since the offspring of his son Ishmael and those of his sons by Keturah were not used to bless humankind. The promised offspring was to come through Isaac (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/34/0" data-bid="35-1" class="b">Ge 21:12;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/34/1" data-bid="35-2" class="b"> Heb 11:18</a>); then the line of descent was narrowed down to Isaac’s son Jacob (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/35/0" data-bid="36-1" class="b">Ge 28:13, 14</a>), then to the tribe of Judah (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/36/0" data-bid="37-1" class="b">Ge 49:10</a>), and then to the line of David (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/37/0" data-bid="38-1" class="b">2Sa 7:12-16</a>). Jesus was a descendant of Abraham, from that one line, or family. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/38/0" data-bid="39-1" class="b">Mt 1:1-16;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/38/1" data-bid="39-2" class="b"> Lu 3:23-34</a>) Therefore, the Jews in the first century C.E. were actually looking for <em>one</em> person to come as the Messiah, or Christ, as the deliverer. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/39/0" data-bid="40-1" class="b">Lu 3:15;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/39/1" data-bid="40-2" class="b"> Joh 1:25;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/39/2" data-bid="40-3" class="b"> 7:41, 42</a>) They also thought that they, Abraham’s literal offspring, would be the favored people and as such God’s children.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/40/0" data-bid="41-1" class="b">Joh 8:39-41</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/75" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-76"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 12:1-3, 7; 13:14, 15; 17:7; 22:17, 18; 24:7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-76" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-76" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/76" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-77"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 1:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-77" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-77" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p89" data-pid="89" class="se"></p> <div id="p90" data-pid="90"><p data-pid="90" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/74/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="90" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/74/0">7/2022, p. 16</a></p> </div><p id="p91" data-pid="91" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/75/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 888</a></p> <p id="p92" data-pid="92" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/76/0"><em>“All Scripture,”</em> p. 18</a></p> <div id="p93" data-pid="93"><p data-pid="93" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/77/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="93" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/77/0">2/1/1989, p. 12</a></p> </div><p id="p94" data-pid="94" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/78/0"><em>Live Forever,</em> pp. 117-118</a></p> <p id="p95" data-pid="95" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p34" data-pid="34" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/32/0">w22.07 16;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/32/2"> it-2 888;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/32/4"> si 18;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/32/7"> w89 2/1 12;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/32/9"> pe 118;</a></p> <p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="sx"></p> <p id="p51" data-pid="51" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/49/0">w79 2/1 7-8;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/49/3"> w74 330;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/49/5"> g72 10/22 14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/49/7"> ad 1465;</a><span class="ni"> li 110;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/49/9"> w65 687;</a><span class="ni"> g64 12/22 28;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/49/11"> w63 173,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/49/12"> 175,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/49/13"> 537;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/49/14"> w62 140;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/49/15"> w61 168;</a><span class="ni"> pa 53;</span><span class="ni"> rm 262;</span><span class="ni"> na46 16;</span><span class="ni"> mk 10;</span><span class="ni"> w43 264;</span><span class="ni"> tf 180;</span><span class="ni"> w38 333;</span><span class="ni"> w34 101;</span><span class="ni"> jh 136;</span><span class="ni"> w33 158</span></p> <p id="p52" data-pid="52" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-17" data-section-citation="048003017048003017"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:17</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p30" data-pid="30" class="s5"><strong>430 years:</strong> Paul here refers to the time that elapsed between the making of the Abrahamic covenant and the Mosaic Law covenant. It seems that the covenant between Jehovah and Abraham took effect in 1943 B.C.E. when Abraham and his family crossed the Euphrates River on their way to Canaan, the land that God had promised to their descendants. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/42/0" data-bid="43-1" class="b">Ge 12:4, 5,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/42/1" data-bid="43-2" class="b"> 7</a>) This apparently took place on the 14th day of the month later known as Nisan. That conclusion is based on <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/43/0" data-bid="44-1" class="b">Ex 12:41</a>, which states that Jehovah freed his people from Egyptian bondage “430 years” later, in 1513 B.C.E., “on this very day.”</p> <p id="p31" data-pid="31" class="s5"><strong>the covenant:</strong> Or “the agreement.” (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/13/0">study note on Ga 3:15</a> and Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/14/0">Covenant</a>.”) The first-century Christians would have seen the Greek term for “covenant” in the <em>Septuagint</em> as the rendering of the Hebrew term <em>berithʹ.</em> That term occurs more than 250 times in the Hebrew Scriptures in the sense of a “covenant” or an “agreement.”—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/44/0" data-bid="45-1" class="b">Ex 24:7, 8;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/44/1" data-bid="45-2" class="b"> Ps 25:10;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/44/2" data-bid="45-3" class="b"> 83:5</a>, ftn.; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/15/0">study note on 2Co 3:14</a>.</p> <p id="p32" data-pid="32" class="s5"><strong>the covenant previously made by God:</strong> This refers to the covenant that God made with Abraham. That covenant apparently went into effect in 1943 B.C.E. when Abraham crossed the Euphrates River. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/45/0" data-bid="46-1" class="b">Ge 12:1-7</a>) The Law covenant that was made <strong>430 years later,</strong> in 1513 B.C.E., did <strong>not invalidate,</strong> or negate, the Abrahamic covenant but was added to it. It directed the people toward the offspring of Abraham, Jesus Christ.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/46/0" data-bid="47-1" class="b">Ga 3:15, 16</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/16/0">study note on Ga 3:24</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/77" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-78"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 12:40, 41</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-78" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-78" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/78" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-79"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:13, 14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-79" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-79" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p95" data-pid="95" class="se"></p> <p id="p96" data-pid="96" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/79/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 29,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/80/0"> 460,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/81/0"> 522,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/82/0"> 776-777</a></p> <p id="p97" data-pid="97" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/83/0"><em>“All Scripture,”</em> pp. 219-220,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/84/0"> 294-295</a></p> <p id="p98" data-pid="98" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/33/0">it-1 29,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/33/2"> 460,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/33/4"> 522,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/33/6"> 776-777;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/33/8"> si 220,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/33/10"> 294-295;</a></p> <p id="p36" data-pid="36" class="sx"></p> <p id="p52" data-pid="52" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/50/0">po 106,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/50/2"> 112;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/50/4"> ad 23,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/50/5"> 335;</a><span class="ni"> li 31;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/50/7"> w53 159;</a><span class="ni"> ki 98;</span><span class="ni"> tf 149</span></p> <p id="p53" data-pid="53" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-18" data-section-citation="048003018048003018"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:18</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/79" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-80"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 22:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-80" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-80" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-19" data-section-citation="048003019048003019"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:19</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p34" data-pid="34" class="s5"><strong>was added:</strong> The Greek word rendered “was added” is apparently used by Paul to express the temporary nature of the Mosaic Law, especially when compared with the more enduring Abrahamic covenant and its fulfillment regarding the promised “offspring.”—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/48/0" data-bid="49-1" class="b">Ge 3:15;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/48/1" data-bid="49-2" class="b"> 22:18;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/48/2" data-bid="49-3" class="b"> Ga 3:29</a>.</p> <p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="s5"><strong>to make transgressions manifest:</strong> Paul shows that a major purpose of the Mosaic Law was “to make transgressions manifest,” exposing Israel and all mankind as imperfect sinners before God. (For a comment on the Greek word for “transgression,” see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/17/0">study note on Ro 4:15</a>.) The Law clearly spelled out the full range and scope of sin. Paul could therefore say that it caused trespassing and sin to “increase” in that so many acts and even attitudes were now identified as sinful. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/49/0" data-bid="50-1" class="b">Ro 5:20;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/49/1" data-bid="50-2" class="b"> 7:7-11</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/18/0">study note on 1Co 15:56</a>; compare <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/50/0" data-bid="51-1" class="b">Ps 40:12</a>.) All those who tried to follow the Law found themselves legally convicted by it because it showed up their sinfulness. Its sacrifices continually served to remind them of their sinful state. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/51/0" data-bid="52-1" class="b">Heb 10:1-4,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/51/1" data-bid="52-2" class="b"> 11</a>) All men needed a perfect sacrifice that could completely atone for their sins.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/52/0" data-bid="53-1" class="b">Ro 10:4</a>; see study note on <strong>the offspring</strong> in this verse.</p> <p id="p36" data-pid="36" class="s5"><strong>until:</strong> Paul’s use of the word “until” indicates that the Law was not intended to last forever. When it had accomplished its purpose, the Law covenant ended.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/53/0" data-bid="54-1" class="b">Ro 7:6;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/53/1" data-bid="54-2" class="b"> Ga 3:24, 25</a>.</p> <p id="p37" data-pid="37" class="s5"><strong>the offspring:</strong> Lit., “the seed.” (See <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/3">App. A2</a>.) In this context, “the offspring” refers to Jesus Christ.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/19/0">study notes on Ga 3:16</a>.</p> <p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="s5"><strong>transmitted through angels:</strong> The Hebrew Scriptures do not specifically indicate that angels transmitted the Law covenant. However, the inspired statement found here—as well as the statements recorded at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/54/0" data-bid="55-1" class="b">Ac 7:53</a> (see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/20/0">study note</a>) and <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/55/0" data-bid="56-1" class="b">Heb 2:2, 3</a>—makes that clear. Apparently, Jehovah authorized angels to speak as his representatives to Moses and then to give Moses the two tablets of the Testimony. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/56/0" data-bid="57-1" class="b">Ex 19:9,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/56/1" data-bid="57-2" class="b"> 11,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/56/2" data-bid="57-3" class="b"> 18-20;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/56/3" data-bid="57-4" class="b"> 24:12;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/56/4" data-bid="57-5" class="b"> 31:18</a>) Still, Jehovah was the actual Lawgiver, and Moses was His appointed mediator of the covenant between God and Israel.</p> <p id="p39" data-pid="39" class="s5"><strong>a mediator:</strong> The unnamed mediator was Moses. He acted as the intermediary between Jehovah and the nation of Israel for establishing a covenant, or a legally binding agreement, between God and the nation. (See Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/21/0">Mediator</a>.”) The Greek word <em>me·siʹtes,</em> translated “mediator,” occurs six times in the Christian Greek Scriptures. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/57/0" data-bid="58-1" class="b">Ga 3:19, 20;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/57/1" data-bid="58-2" class="b"> 1Ti 2:5;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/57/2" data-bid="58-3" class="b"> Heb 8:6;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/57/3" data-bid="58-4" class="b"> 9:15;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/57/4" data-bid="58-5" class="b"> 12:24</a>) It is a legal term. According to one lexicon, it means “one who intervenes between two, either in order to make or restore peace and friendship, or to form a compact [that is, an agreement], or for ratifying a covenant.” In mediating the Law covenant, Moses helped the nation of Israel to keep the covenant and to receive its benefits. For example, Moses officiated at the inauguration of the covenant. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/58/0" data-bid="59-1" class="b">Ex 24:3-8;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/58/1" data-bid="59-2" class="b"> Heb 9:18-22</a>) He installed the priests and put the work of the priesthood into operation. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/59/0" data-bid="60-1" class="b">Le 8:1-36;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/59/1" data-bid="60-2" class="b"> Heb 7:11</a>) He also conveyed a body of more than 600 laws to the Israelites and pleaded that Jehovah spare them from punishment.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/60/0" data-bid="61-1" class="b">Nu 16:20-22;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/60/1" data-bid="61-2" class="b"> 21:7;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/60/2" data-bid="61-3" class="b"> De 9:18-20,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/60/3" data-bid="61-4" class="b"> 25-29</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/80" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-81"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 3:20; 4:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-81" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-81" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/81" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-82"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 1:29; Ro 10:4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-82" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-82" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/82" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-83"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 7:38, 53; Heb 2:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-83" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-83" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/83" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-84"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 20:19; De 5:5; Joh 1:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-84" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-84" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p98" data-pid="98" class="se"></p> <p id="p99" data-pid="99" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/85/0"><em>Close to Jehovah,</em> p. 193</a></p> <p id="p100" data-pid="100" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/86/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 523,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/87/0"> 549</a></p> <p id="p101" data-pid="101" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/88/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 967</a></p> <div id="p102" data-pid="102"><p data-pid="102" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/89/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="102" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/89/0">2/1/1989, p. 13</a></p> </div><p id="p103" data-pid="103" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/90/0"><em>Worldwide Security,</em> pp. 75-80</a></p> <p id="p104" data-pid="104" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p36" data-pid="36" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/34/0">cl 193;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/34/2"> it-1 523,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/34/4"> 549;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/34/6"> it-2 967;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/34/8"> w89 2/1 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/34/10"> ws 75-80;</a></p> <p id="p37" data-pid="37" class="sx"></p> <p id="p53" data-pid="53" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/51/0">uw 147;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/51/2"> w79 11/15 20;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/51/4"> g79 7/8 11;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/51/6"> w73 580-581;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/51/8"> w72 682;</a><span class="ni"> g64 9/8 7;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/51/11"> w62 746;</a><span class="ni"> g62 8/8 27;</span><span class="ni"> ns 109;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/51/14"> w60 255;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/51/15"> w59 681;</a><span class="ni"> nh 175;</span><span class="ni"> w49 71;</span><span class="ni"> w48 151;</span><span class="ni"> w34 103,</span><span class="ni"> 148,</span><span class="ni"> 199;</span><span class="ni"> jh 148</span></p> <p id="p54" data-pid="54" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-20" data-section-citation="048003020048003020"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:20</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p41" data-pid="41" class="s5"><strong>there is no mediator when just one person is involved:</strong> Paul is discussing the covenant that Jehovah made with Abraham. Jehovah made this covenant or promise, and it was up to Him to fulfill it. He set forth no conditions that Abraham had to meet. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/62/0" data-bid="63-1" class="b">Ga 3:18</a>) On the other hand, the Law covenant involved two parties. It was made between Jehovah and the nation of Israel, with Moses as mediator. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/22/0">study note on Ga 3:19</a>.) The Israelites agreed to the terms of the covenant, making a sacred promise to obey the Law.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/63/0" data-bid="64-1" class="b">Ex 24:3-8;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/63/1" data-bid="64-2" class="b"> Ga 3:17,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/63/2" data-bid="64-3" class="b"> 19</a>; see Glossary “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/23/0">Covenant</a>.”</p> <p id="p42" data-pid="42" class="s5"><strong>God is only one:</strong> Greek manuscripts read “God” here, but a few translations of the Christian Greek Scriptures into Hebrew and other languages use the divine name. Paul’s statement echoes the words of <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/64/0" data-bid="65-1" class="b">De 6:4</a>, which reads: “Jehovah our God is one Jehovah.” Jesus quotes from <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/65/0" data-bid="66-1" class="b">De 6:4</a>, as recorded at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/66/0" data-bid="67-1" class="b">Mr 12:29</a>. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/24/0">study notes</a>.) Paul alludes to the same scripture at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/67/0" data-bid="68-1" class="b">Ro 3:30</a> and <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/68/0" data-bid="69-1" class="b">1Co 8:4</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p104" data-pid="104" class="se"></p> <p id="p105" data-pid="105" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/91/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 522-523</a></p> <p id="p106" data-pid="106" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p37" data-pid="37" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/35/0">it-1 522;</a></p> <p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="sx"></p> <p id="p54" data-pid="54" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/52/0">w72 682;</a><span class="ni"> im 268;</span><span class="ni"> w48 187</span></p> <p id="p55" data-pid="55" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-21" data-section-citation="048003021048003021"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:21</span></h3><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p55" data-pid="55" class="sx"><span class="ni">w34 103</span></p> <p id="p56" data-pid="56" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-22" data-section-citation="048003022048003022"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:22</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p44" data-pid="44" class="s5"><strong>custody of sin:</strong> The Greek verb rendered “handed . . . over to the custody of” means “to enclose together; to hem in,” implying that there is little or no prospect of escape. In its literal sense, it could refer to catching fish by enclosing them in a net. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/70/0" data-bid="71-1" class="b">Lu 5:6</a>) The word vividly conveys the idea that imperfect humans are trapped in their sinful state. Paul says that “the Scripture handed all things,” that is, all the descendants of sinful Adam and Eve, “over to the custody of sin.” The Scripture, which contained the Law, clearly showed how sinful each human is in God’s eyes. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/25/0">study note on Ga 3:19</a>.) Only Christ could offer hope of escape from this terrible custody.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p106" data-pid="106" class="se"></p> <p id="p107" data-pid="107" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/92/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 562</a></p> <p id="p108" data-pid="108" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/36/0">it-1 562;</a></p> <p id="p39" data-pid="39" class="sx"></p> <p id="p56" data-pid="56" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/54/0">ad 405</a></p> <p id="p57" data-pid="57" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-23" data-section-citation="048003023048003023"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:23</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p46" data-pid="46" class="s5"><strong>before the faith arrived:</strong> That is, the faith in Jesus Christ.</p> <p id="p47" data-pid="47" class="s5"><strong>handed over into custody:</strong> Paul has just shown that humans are in “the custody of sin.” (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/26/0">study note on Ga 3:22</a>.) In this verse, he uses the same Greek word (rendered “handed over into custody”) to emphasize a different point. The Israelites were being guarded by the Mosaic Law, and that Law guided them “to the faith [in Christ] that was about to be revealed.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/84" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-85"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 10:4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-85" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-85" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p108" data-pid="108" class="se"></p> <p id="p109" data-pid="109" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/93/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 562</a></p> <div id="p110" data-pid="110"><p data-pid="110" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/94/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="110" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/94/0">3/1/2008, p. 20</a></p><p data-pid="110" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/95/0">9/15/1991, pp. 12-13</a></p> </div><p id="p111" data-pid="111" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p39" data-pid="39" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/37/0">it-1 562;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/37/2"> w08 3/1 20;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/37/4"> w91 9/15 12-13;</a></p> <p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="sx"></p> <p id="p57" data-pid="57" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/55/0">g72 11/22 6;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/55/2"> ad 405;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/55/3"> w65 648;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/55/4"> w62 756</a></p> <p id="p58" data-pid="58" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-24" data-section-citation="048003024048003024"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:24</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p49" data-pid="49" class="s5"><strong>our guardian leading to Christ:</strong> The Greek word for “guardian” (<em>pai·da·go·gosʹ</em>) that Paul used in this illustration literally means “child leader” and may also be rendered “tutor.” The word is used only at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/73/0" data-bid="74-1" class="b">Ga 3:24, 25</a> and <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/74/0" data-bid="75-1" class="b">1Co 4:15</a>, where Paul compared Christian ministers to such guardians. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/27/0">study note on 1Co 4:15</a>.) With this beautiful metaphor, Paul likens the Mosaic Law to a guardian, or tutor, who would daily accompany a young boy to school. Such a guardian was not the actual teacher; rather, he was responsible for protecting the boy, for helping him to adhere to the standards of the family, and for administering discipline. Similarly, the Mosaic Law strictly upheld God’s standards and helped the Israelites to see that they were sinful, incapable of keeping the Law perfectly. Humble ones who accepted the guidance of this “guardian” understood that they were in need of the Messiah, or Christ, God’s only means of salvation.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/75/0" data-bid="76-1" class="b">Ac 4:12</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group media"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Media</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="scalableui item"><div class="clearfix"><a class="galleryItem" href="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/1001072247#chapter=3"><img class="studyItemMedia" src="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/1001072247/thumbnail" data-img-large-src="/en/wol/mp/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/2024/882" ><span class="caption"><p>A Guardian</p> </span></a><span class="altcaption">Galatians 3:24, 25</span></div></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/85" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-86"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 5:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-86" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-86" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/86" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-87"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 13:39; Ro 5:1; 8:33</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-87" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-87" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p111" data-pid="111" class="se"></p> <p id="p112" data-pid="112" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/96/0"><em>Close to Jehovah,</em> p. 193</a></p> <p id="p113" data-pid="113" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/97/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 1000</a></p> <p id="p114" data-pid="114" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/98/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 1134</a></p> <div id="p115" data-pid="115"><p data-pid="115" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/99/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="115" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/99/0">4/15/2008, p. 29</a></p><p data-pid="115" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/100/0">3/1/2008, pp. 18-21</a></p><p data-pid="115" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/101/0">3/15/2003, p. 21</a></p><p data-pid="115" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/102/0">6/1/2002, p. 15</a></p><p data-pid="115" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/103/0">9/15/1991, pp. 12-13</a></p><p data-pid="115" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/104/0">2/1/1989, p. 13</a></p> </div><p id="p116" data-pid="116" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/38/0">cl 193;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/38/2"> it-1 1000;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/38/4"> it-2 1134;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/38/6"> w08 3/1 18-21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/38/8"> w08 4/15 29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/38/10"> w03 3/15 21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/38/12"> w02 6/1 15;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/38/14"> w91 9/15 12-13;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/38/16"> w89 2/1 13;</a></p> <p id="p41" data-pid="41" class="sx"></p> <p id="p58" data-pid="58" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/0">w83 8/15 15;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/2"> uw 147;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/4"> w74 17;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/6"> w73 580-581;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/8"> w72 127;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/10"> g72 11/22 7-8;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/12"> ad 687,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/13"> 1621;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/14"> w65 648;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/15"> w61 43;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/16"> w59 681;</a><span class="ni"> pa 81;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/18"> w57 390;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/56/19"> w54 251;</a><span class="ni"> nh 175</span></p> <p id="p59" data-pid="59" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-25" data-section-citation="048003025048003025"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:25</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p51" data-pid="51" class="s5"><strong>now that the faith has arrived:</strong> Jesus is the only person who fulfilled the Law perfectly. So Paul could say that the faith—that is, perfect faith—had arrived. By fulfilling the Law, Jesus gave his followers the opportunity to have an approved standing with Jehovah God. He thus became the “Perfecter of our faith.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/77/0" data-bid="78-1" class="b">Heb 12:2</a>) Christ would be with his disciples “all the days until the conclusion of the system of things” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/78/0" data-bid="79-1" class="b">Mt 28:20</a>), so there is no need to go back to the care of the guardian. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/28/0">study note on Ga 3:24</a>.) Using this reasoning, Paul makes the point that the Mosaic Law became obsolete with the arrival of this perfected faith based on Jesus Christ.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/87" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-88"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Col 2:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-88" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-88" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/88" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-89"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Heb 8:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-89" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-89" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p116" data-pid="116" class="se"></p> <p id="p117" data-pid="117" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/105/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> pp. 606,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/106/0"> 1134</a></p> <div id="p118" data-pid="118"><p data-pid="118" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/107/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="118" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/107/0">3/15/2003, p. 21</a></p><p data-pid="118" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/108/0">9/15/1991, pp. 12-13</a></p> </div><p id="p119" data-pid="119" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p41" data-pid="41" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/39/0">it-2 606,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/39/2"> 1134;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/39/4"> w03 3/15 21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/39/6"> w91 9/15 12-13;</a></p> <p id="p42" data-pid="42" class="sx"></p> <p id="p59" data-pid="59" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/57/0">w72 127;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/57/2"> g72 11/22 7-8;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/57/4"> ad 1621;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/57/5"> w65 648;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/57/6"> w61 43;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/57/7"> w57 390</a></p> <p id="p60" data-pid="60" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-26" data-section-citation="048003026048003026"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:26</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/89" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-90"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 8:14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-90" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-90" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/90" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-91"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 1:12; Ga 4:4, 5</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-91" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-91" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p60" data-pid="60" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/58/0">w80 7/15 24-25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/58/2"> w73 527;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/58/4"> w65 687;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/58/5"> w63 175;</a><span class="ni"> w46 150;</span><span class="ni"> na46 16</span></p> <p id="p61" data-pid="61" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-27" data-section-citation="048003027048003027"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:27</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p53" data-pid="53" class="s5"><strong>baptized into Christ:</strong> This expression shows that anointed Christians enter into a special relationship with their Lord when they are anointed, or baptized with holy spirit. They become part of the “one body,” the congregation of anointed ones; Jesus Christ is the head of that body. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/80/0" data-bid="81-1" class="b">1Co 12:13;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/80/1" data-bid="81-2" class="b"> Mr 1:8;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/80/2" data-bid="81-3" class="b"> Ac 1:5;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/80/3" data-bid="81-4" class="b"> Re 20:6</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/29/0">study note on Ro 6:3</a>.) At <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/81/0" data-bid="82-1" class="b">1Co 10:2</a>, Paul uses a similar illustration, saying that a people can be “baptized into” a leader or liberator.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/30/0">study note on 1Co 10:2</a>.</p> <p id="p54" data-pid="54" class="s5"><strong>have put on Christ:</strong> Or “have clothed yourselves with Christ.” The Greek verb also occurs at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/82/0" data-bid="83-1" class="b">Col 3:10,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/82/1" data-bid="83-2" class="b"> 12</a>. One lexicon says that this expression means “to become so possessed of the mind of Christ as in thought, feeling, and action to resemble him and, as it were, reproduce the life he lived.” In his letter to the Romans, Paul uses the same Greek verb in a similar expression.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/31/0">study note on Ro 13:14</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/91" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-92"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 13:14; Eph 4:24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-92" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-92" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p61" data-pid="61" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/59/0">w80 7/15 24-25;</a><span class="ni"> g62 3/8 28</span></p> <p id="p62" data-pid="62" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-28" data-section-citation="048003028048003028"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:28</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p56" data-pid="56" class="s5"><strong>neither Jew nor Greek:</strong> The term “Jew” refers to those of Jewish descent, the Israelites. (See Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/32/0">Jew</a>.”) The term “Greek” is apparently used here in a broader sense to represent all non-Jewish peoples, or Gentiles. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/33/0">study note on Ro 1:16</a>.) Thus, from God’s standpoint, it is no longer natural descent from Abraham that determines who are “really Abraham’s offspring.” There is no distinction based on race or nationality because God’s people “are all one.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/84/0" data-bid="85-1" class="b">Ga 3:26-29;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/84/1" data-bid="85-2" class="b"> Col 3:11</a>) God shows his impartiality by choosing a new nation, “the Israel of God,” which is made up of both Jews and Gentiles. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/85/0" data-bid="86-1" class="b">Eph 2:11-18</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/34/0">study note on Ga 6:16</a>.) It was fitting for Paul to emphasize this truth to Christians in the province of Galatia, where there was a mix of Jews, Greeks, Romans, and local peoples.</p> <p id="p57" data-pid="57" class="s5"><strong>neither slave nor freeman:</strong> A “slave” was an individual who was owned by a fellow man. A “freeman” was one who was born free, possessing full rights of citizenship. (See Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/35/0">Freeman; Freedman</a>.”) From God’s viewpoint, there is no difference between a Christian who was a slave and one who was a freeman. All Christians have been bought with Jesus’ precious blood and are slaves of God and of Christ Jesus.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/86/0" data-bid="87-1" class="b">1Co 7:22</a> (see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/36/0">study note</a>), <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/87/0" data-bid="88-1" class="b">23;</a> <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/88/0" data-bid="89-1" class="b">1Pe 1:18, 19;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/88/1" data-bid="89-2" class="b"> 2:16</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/92" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-93"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 10:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-93" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-93" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/93" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-94"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 12:13; Col 3:10, 11</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-94" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-94" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/94" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-95"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 2:17; 1Pe 3:7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-95" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-95" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/95" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-96"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 17:20, 21</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-96" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-96" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p119" data-pid="119" class="se"></p> <p id="p120" data-pid="120" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/109/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 1196</a></p> <div id="p121" data-pid="121"><p data-pid="121" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/110/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="121" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/110/0">8/2017, p. 23</a></p> </div><div id="p122" data-pid="122"><p data-pid="122" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/111/0"><em>Awake!,</em></a></p><p data-pid="122" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/111/0">7/8/1987, pp. 22-23</a></p> </div><p id="p123" data-pid="123" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p42" data-pid="42" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/40/0">it-2 1196;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/40/2"> w17.08 23;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/40/4"> g87 7/8 22-23;</a></p> <p id="p43" data-pid="43" class="sx"></p> <p id="p62" data-pid="62" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/0">w81 1/15 29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/2"> w80 7/15 24-25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/4"> g74 10/8 19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/6"> w73 527;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/8"> w71 570;</a><span class="ni"> li 110;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/11"> w64 180;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/12"> w63 140,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/13"> 709;</a><span class="ni"> g62 1/22 7;</span><span class="ni"> g62 9/8 27;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/16"> w60 718;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/17"> w57 711;</a><span class="ni"> nh 242;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/60/19"> w52 94;</a><span class="ni"> el 155;</span><span class="ni"> na46 16;</span><span class="ni"> w34 119;</span><span class="ni"> jh 178</span></p> <p id="p63" data-pid="63" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="48-3-29" data-section-citation="048003029048003029"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Galatians 3:29</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p59" data-pid="59" class="s5"><strong>you are really Abraham’s offspring:</strong> The primary part of the offspring of Abraham is Christ. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/90/0" data-bid="91-1" class="b">Ge 22:17</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/37/0">study note on Ga 3:16</a>.) Paul here indicates that others who “belong to Christ” are added as a secondary part of “Abraham’s offspring” (lit., “Abraham’s seed”). (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/91/0" data-bid="92-1" class="b">Mr 9:41;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/91/1" data-bid="92-2" class="b"> 1Co 15:23</a>) This secondary part will be made up of 144,000 spirit-anointed Christians. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/92/0" data-bid="93-1" class="b">Re 5:9, 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/92/1" data-bid="93-2" class="b"> 14:1,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/92/2" data-bid="93-3" class="b"> 4</a>) Some of those Christians are natural Jews, but most are from the Gentile nations.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/93/0" data-bid="94-1" class="b">Ac 3:25, 26;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/93/1" data-bid="94-2" class="b"> Ga 3:8, 9,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070765/93/2" data-bid="94-3" class="b"> 28</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/96" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-97"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 9:7, 8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-97" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-97" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/97" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-98"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 8:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-98" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-98" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/98" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-99"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 22:18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-99" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-99" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p123" data-pid="123" class="se"></p> <div id="p124" data-pid="124"><p data-pid="124" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/112/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="124" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204438/112/0">2/1/1998, pp. 14-15</a></p> </div><p id="p125" data-pid="125" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p43" data-pid="43" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270048/41/0">w98 2/1 14-15;</a></p> <p id="p44" data-pid="44" class="sx"></p> <p id="p63" data-pid="63" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/0">w84 2/15 31;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/2"> w84 9/1 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/4"> w81 1/15 27-28;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/6"> w80 1/15 13;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/8"> w80 7/15 24-25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/10"> w72 172;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/12"> w65 687;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/13"> w64 180,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/14"> 679;</a><span class="ni"> g64 12/22 28;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/16"> w63 174,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/17"> 538;</a><span class="ni"> g63 4/8 4;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/19"> w62 39,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/20"> 140;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020048/61/21"> w61 168;</a><span class="ni"> ns 281,</span><span class="ni"> 361;</span><span class="ni"> rm 262;</span><span class="ni"> w49 73;</span><span class="ni"> w46 20;</span><span class="ni"> na46 16;</span><span class="ni"> wl 95</span></p> <p id="p64" data-pid="64" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div id="studyParallel" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section"> <h3 class="title">Parallel Translations</h3> <div class="helpText">Click a verse number to display parallel Bible verses.</div> <div class="parallel"> <div class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div> <div class="extract"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="studyMarginals" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section marginalsQuotation"><h3 class="title"><span class="sectionIcon"></span><span class="scalableui">Quotation</span></h3><div class="content categorizedMarginal"><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/60/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-61-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:6</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 15:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-61-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-61-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/63/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-64-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 12:3; 18:18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-64-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-64-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/65/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-66-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:10</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 27:26</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-66-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-66-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/67/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-68-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:11</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Hab 2:4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-68-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-68-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/68/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-69-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:12</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Le 18:5</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-69-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-69-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/72/3" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-73-3"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 21:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-73-3" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-73-3" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="section marginalsGeneral"><h3 class="title"><span class="sectionIcon"></span><span class="scalableui">General</span></h3><div class="content categorizedMarginal"><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/55/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-56-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:1</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 5:7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-56-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-56-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/56/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-57-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:1</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 1:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-57-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-57-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/57/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-58-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:2</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 1:13</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-58-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-58-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/58/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-59-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:3</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 4:9, 10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-59-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-59-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/59/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-60-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:5</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 12:8-10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-60-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-60-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/60/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-61-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:6</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:3; Jas 2:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-61-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-61-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/61/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-62-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:11, 12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-62-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-62-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/62/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-63-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 3:30</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-63-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-63-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/64/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-65-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:16, 17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-65-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-65-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/65/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-66-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:10</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 15:10; Ro 7:10; Ga 5:3; Jas 2:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-66-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-66-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/66/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-67-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:11</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 13:39; Ga 2:15, 16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-67-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-67-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/67/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-68-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:11</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 1:17; 10:4; Heb 10:38</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-68-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-68-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/68/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-69-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:12</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 30:16; Ro 10:5</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-69-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-69-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/69/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-70-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 7:23</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-70-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-70-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/70/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-71-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 26:27, 28; Heb 9:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-71-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-71-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/71/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-72-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 2:24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-72-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-72-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/72/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-73-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 5:30</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-73-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-73-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/73/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-74-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Eph 2:15, 16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-74-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-74-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/74/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-75-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joe 2:28</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-75-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-75-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/75/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-76-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:16</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 12:1-3, 7; 13:14, 15; 17:7; 22:17, 18; 24:7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-76-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-76-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/76/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-77-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:16</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 1:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-77-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-77-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/77/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-78-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:17</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 12:40, 41</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-78-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-78-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/78/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-79-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:17</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 4:13, 14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-79-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-79-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/79/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-80-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:18</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ge 22:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-80-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-80-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/80/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-81-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:19</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 3:20; 4:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-81-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-81-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/81/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-82-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:19</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 1:29; Ro 10:4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-82-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-82-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/82/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-83-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:19</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 7:38, 53; Heb 2:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-83-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-83-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/83/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-84-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:19</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 20:19; De 5:5; Joh 1:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-84-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-84-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/84/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-85-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:23</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 10:4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-85-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-85-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/85/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-86-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:24</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Mt 5:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-86-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-86-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/86/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-87-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:24</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 13:39; Ro 5:1; 8:33</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-87-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-87-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/87/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-88-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:25</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Col 2:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-88-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-88-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/88/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-89-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:25</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Heb 8:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-89-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-89-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/89/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-90-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:26</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 8:14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-90-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-90-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/90/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-91-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:26</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 1:12; Ga 4:4, 5</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-91-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-91-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/91/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-92-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:27</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 13:14; Eph 4:24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-92-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-92-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/92/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-93-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:28</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 10:12</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-93-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-93-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/93/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-94-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:28</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 12:13; Col 3:10, 11</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-94-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-94-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/94/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-95-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:28</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 2:17; 1Pe 3:7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-95-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-95-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/95/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-96-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:28</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 17:20, 21</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-96-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-96-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/96/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-97-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:29</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 9:7, 8</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-97-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-97-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/48/3/97/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-98-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">Gal. 3:29</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 8:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-98-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-98-1" 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lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> <div id="banner" class="documentBanner showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> </div> <article id="article" class="article bible html5 pub-nwtsty jwac showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr includeSecondaryNav" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr" role="article"> <div class="scalableui"> <header> <h1>To the Galatians</h1> </header> <p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="sb"><span id="v48-3-1-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29195" class="cl vx vp study"><strong>3</strong> </a>O senseless Ga·laʹtians! Who has brought you under this evil influence,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/55" data-bid="56-1" class="b">+</a> you who had Jesus Christ openly portrayed before you as nailed to the stake?<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/56" data-bid="57-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-2-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29196" class="vl vx vp">2 </a>This one thing I want to ask<a id="footnotesource4" data-fnid="4" class="fn" href="/en/wol/fn/r1/lp-e/1001070152/3">*</a> you: Did you receive the spirit through works of law or because of faith in what you heard?<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/57" data-bid="58-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-3-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29197" class="vl vx vp study">3 </a>Are you so senseless? After starting on a spiritual course, are you finishing on a fleshly course?<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/58" data-bid="59-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-4-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29198" class="vl vp">4 </a>Did you undergo so many sufferings for nothing? If it really was for nothing. </span><span id="v48-3-5-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29199" class="vl vx vp">5 </a>Therefore, does the one who supplies you the spirit and performs powerful works<a id="footnotesource5" data-fnid="5" class="fn pr" href="/en/wol/fn/r1/lp-e/1001070152/4">*</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/59" data-bid="60-1" class="b">+</a> among you do it because of your works of law or because of your faith in what you heard? </span><span id="v48-3-6-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29200" class="vl vx vp study">6 </a>Just as Abraham “put faith in Jehovah, and it was counted to him as righteousness.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/60" data-bid="61-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p14" data-pid="14" class="sb"><span id="v48-3-7-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29201" class="vl vx vp study">7 </a>Surely you know that it is those who adhere to faith who are sons of Abraham.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/61" data-bid="62-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-8-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29202" class="vl vx vp">8 </a>Now the scripture, foreseeing that God would declare people of the nations righteous through faith,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/62" data-bid="63-1" class="b">+</a> declared the good news beforehand to Abraham, namely: “By means of you all the nations will be blessed.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/63" data-bid="64-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-9-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29203" class="vl vx vp study">9 </a>So those who adhere to faith are being blessed together with Abraham, who had faith.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/64" data-bid="65-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p15" data-pid="15" class="sb"><span id="v48-3-10-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29204" class="vl vx vp study">10 </a>All those who depend on works of law are under a curse, for it is written: “Cursed is everyone who does not remain in all the things written in the scroll of the Law by doing them.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/65" data-bid="66-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-11-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29205" class="vl vx vp study">11 </a>Moreover, it is evident that by law no one is declared righteous with God,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/66" data-bid="67-1" class="b">+</a> because “the righteous one will live by reason of faith.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/67" data-bid="68-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-12-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29206" class="vl vx vp">12 </a>Now the Law is not based on faith. Rather, “anyone who does these things will live by means of them.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/68" data-bid="69-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-13-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29207" class="vl vx vp study">13 </a>Christ purchased us,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/69" data-bid="70-1" class="b">+</a> releasing us<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/70" data-bid="71-1" class="b">+</a> from the curse of the Law by becoming a curse instead of us,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/71" data-bid="72-1" class="b">+</a> because it is written: “Accursed is every man hung upon a stake.”<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/72" data-bid="73-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-14-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29208" class="vl vx vp">14 </a>This was so that the blessing of Abraham would come to the nations by means of Christ Jesus,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/73" data-bid="74-1" class="b">+</a> so that we might receive the promised spirit<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/74" data-bid="75-1" class="b">+</a> through our faith.</span></p> <p id="p16" data-pid="16" class="sb"><span id="v48-3-15-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29209" class="vl vx vp study">15 </a>Brothers, I speak using a human illustration: Once a covenant is validated, even if only by a man, no one annuls it or attaches additions to it. </span><span id="v48-3-16-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29210" class="vl vx vp study">16 </a>Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his offspring.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/75" data-bid="76-1" class="b">+</a> It does not say, “and to your descendants,” in the sense of many. Rather, it says, “and to your offspring,” in the sense of one, who is Christ.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/76" data-bid="77-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-17-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29211" class="vl vx vp study">17 </a>Further, I say this: The Law, which came into being 430 years later,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/77" data-bid="78-1" class="b">+</a> does not invalidate the covenant previously made by God, so as to abolish the promise.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/78" data-bid="79-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-18-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29212" class="vl vp">18 </a>For if the inheritance is based on law, it is no longer based on a promise; but God has kindly given it to Abraham through a promise.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/79" data-bid="80-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p17" data-pid="17" class="sb"><span id="v48-3-19-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29213" class="vl vx vp study">19 </a>Why, then, the Law? It was added to make transgressions manifest,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/80" data-bid="81-1" class="b">+</a> until the offspring should arrive<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/81" data-bid="82-1" class="b">+</a> to whom the promise had been made; and it was transmitted through angels<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/82" data-bid="83-1" class="b">+</a> by the hand of a mediator.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/83" data-bid="84-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-20-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29214" class="vl vx vp study">20 </a>Now there is no mediator when just one person is involved, but God is only one. </span><span id="v48-3-21-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29215" class="vl vx vp">21 </a>Is the Law, therefore, against the promises of God? Certainly not! For if a law had been given that could give life, righteousness would actually have been by means of law. </span><span id="v48-3-22-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29216" class="vl vx vp study">22 </a>But the Scripture handed all things over to the custody of sin, so that the promise resulting from faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those exercising faith.</span></p> <p id="p18" data-pid="18" class="sb"><span id="v48-3-23-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29217" class="vl vx vp study">23 </a>However, before the faith arrived, we were being guarded under law, being handed over into custody, looking to the faith that was about to be revealed.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/84" data-bid="85-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-24-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29218" class="vl vx vp study">24 </a>So the Law became our guardian leading to Christ,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/85" data-bid="86-1" class="b">+</a> so that we might be declared righteous through faith.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/86" data-bid="87-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-25-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29219" class="vl vx vp study">25 </a>But now that the faith has arrived,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/87" data-bid="88-1" class="b">+</a> we are no longer under a guardian.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/88" data-bid="89-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p19" data-pid="19" class="sb"><span id="v48-3-26-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29220" class="vl vx vp">26 </a>You are all, in fact, sons of God<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/89" data-bid="90-1" class="b">+</a> through your faith in Christ Jesus.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/90" data-bid="91-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-27-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29221" class="vl vx vp study">27 </a>For all of you who were baptized into Christ have put on Christ.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/91" data-bid="92-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-28-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29222" class="vl vx vp study">28 </a>There is neither Jew nor Greek,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/92" data-bid="93-1" class="b">+</a> there is neither slave nor freeman,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/93" data-bid="94-1" class="b">+</a> there is neither male nor female,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/94" data-bid="95-1" class="b">+</a> for you are all one in union with Christ Jesus.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/95" data-bid="96-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v48-3-29-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070152/29223" class="vl vx vp study">29 </a>Moreover, if you belong to Christ, you are really Abraham’s offspring,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/96" data-bid="97-1" class="b">+</a> heirs<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070152/97" data-bid="98-1" 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