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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-印刷变体" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印刷变体"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>印刷变体</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-印刷变体-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在书写体系中的使用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在书写体系中的使用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>在书写体系中的使用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-在书写体系中的使用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关在书写体系中的使用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-在书写体系中的使用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-英语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>英语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他语言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他语言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>其他语言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他语言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他体系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他体系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>其他体系</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他体系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他用法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他用法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>其他用法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他用法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关字符" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关字符"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>相关字符</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-相关字符-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关相关字符子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-相关字符-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-拉丁字母中的衍生及相关字符" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拉丁字母中的衍生及相关字符"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>拉丁字母中的衍生及相关字符</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拉丁字母中的衍生及相关字符-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衍生符号及缩写" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衍生符号及缩写"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>衍生符号及缩写</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衍生符号及缩写-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他字母系统中的祖先及姊妹字符" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他字母系统中的祖先及姊妹字符"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>其他字母系统中的祖先及姊妹字符</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他字母系统中的祖先及姊妹字符-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-码位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#码位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>码位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-码位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他表示法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他表示法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>其他表示法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他表示法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-另見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#另見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>另見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-另見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-書籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>書籍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">A</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。175种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-175" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">175种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5)" title="A (латин хәрефе) – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="A (латин хәрефе)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="A (літара) – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="A (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="A (літара) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="A (літара)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(lizherenn)" title="A (lizherenn) – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="A (lizherenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 丁卡语" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AD" title="އޭ – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އޭ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(lettre)" title="A (lettre) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="A (lettre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(buksteew)" title="A (buksteew) – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="A (buksteew)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 哥伦打洛语" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="哥伦打洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%8F_(A)" title="એ (A) – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="એ (A)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="A (լատինական) – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="A (լատինական)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="A (латиница) – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="A (латиница)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(lat%C4%B1n)" title="A (latın) – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="A (latın)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(t%C3%AEp)" title="A (tîp) – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="A (tîp)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(Buschtaf)" title="A (Buschtaf) – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="A (Buschtaf)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="A (латин тиште) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="A (латин тиште)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="A (латиница) – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="A (латиница)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E_(%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="എ (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം) – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എ (ഇംഗ്ലീഷക്ഷരം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1_(%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC)" title="အေ (အက္ခရာ) – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အေ (အက္ခရာ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(letter)" title="A (letter) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="A (letter)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%8F_(%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਏ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ) – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਏ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਅੱਖਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="A (латиница) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="A (латиница)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(Askkil)" title="A (Askkil) – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="A (Askkil)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(alifbeet)" title="A (alifbeet) – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="A (alifbeet)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5)" title="A (слово латинице) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="A (слово латинице)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 茨瓦纳语" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="茨瓦纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F)" title="A (латиниця) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="A (латиниця)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(lotin)" title="A (lotin) – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="A (lotin)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lete_A" title="Lete A – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Lete A" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3" title="A үзг – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="A үзг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/A" title="A – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="A" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/A"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/A"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/A" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/A" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&oldid=84540231" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=A&id=84540231&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FA"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FA"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=A&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/A" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9659" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span><b>提示</b>：此条目页的主题不是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希腊字母">希腊字母</a><b><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" title="Α">Α</a></b>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" title="А">А</a></b>、<b><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" title="Д">Д</a>。</b></div><p><b> </b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74069148"><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>关于与「<b>A</b>」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/A_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="A (消歧义)">A (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:white; color:black;;">A</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span style="font-size: 4em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;">A a <a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%AD" title="Ɑ">ɑ</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">(<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#相关字符">见下</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_cursiva.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="字母“A”的手写体形式"><img alt="字母“A”的手写体形式" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/A_cursiva.gif/200px-A_cursiva.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/A_cursiva.gif/300px-A_cursiva.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/A_cursiva.gif/400px-A_cursiva.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:white; color:black; font-variant/style: ;;">用法</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">書寫系統</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="全音素文字">全音素文字</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">所属語言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">读音方法</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68886739">.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em ul,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li,.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{display:inline-block;text-align:center;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-2em li{min-width:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-grid-list-3em li{min-width:2.5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li>[<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開前不圓唇元音">a</a></span>]</li><li>[<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開後不圓唇元音">ɑ</a></span>]</li><li>[<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開後圓唇元音">ɒ</a></span>]</li><li>[<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="次開前不圓唇元音">æ</a></span>]</li><li>[<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中央元音">ə</a></span>]</li><li>[<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半開前不圓唇元音">ɛ</a></span>]</li><li>[<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉後圓唇元音">oː</a></span>]</li><li>[<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半開後圓唇元音">ɔ</a></span>]</li><li>[<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%89%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半閉前不圓唇元音">e</a></span>]</li><li>[<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E5%92%BD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="浊咽擦音">ʕ</a></span>]</li><li>[<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʌ/：「cut」的「u」音">ʌ</span></span>/</a></span></span>]</li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/eɪ/：「face」的「a」音">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">Unicode编码</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code>U+0041, U+0061</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">字母顺位</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1<br /><b>数值</b> 1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:white; color:black; font-variant/style: ;;">歷史</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">發展</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="font-size: 1.25em; font-weight: normal;"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F1.png?8f0ee" height="18" title="F1" alt="F1" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticA-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="原始西奈字母中的alp"><img alt="原始西奈字母中的alp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticA-01.svg/20px-Proto-semiticA-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticA-01.svg/30px-Proto-semiticA-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticA-01.svg/40px-Proto-semiticA-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protoalef.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="原始迦南字母中的Aleph"><img alt="原始迦南字母中的Aleph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Protoalef.svg/20px-Protoalef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Protoalef.svg/30px-Protoalef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Protoalef.svg/40px-Protoalef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="625" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_aleph.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="腓尼基字母中的Aleph"><img alt="腓尼基字母中的Aleph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenician_aleph.svg/20px-Phoenician_aleph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenician_aleph.svg/30px-Phoenician_aleph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenician_aleph.svg/40px-Phoenician_aleph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" title="Α">Α α</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/%F0%90%8C%80" class="mw-redirect" title="𐌀">𐌀</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek-uncial-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="古典希腊"><img alt="古典希腊" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Greek-uncial-1.jpg/20px-Greek-uncial-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Greek-uncial-1.jpg/30px-Greek-uncial-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Greek-uncial-1.jpg/40px-Greek-uncial-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="358" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semitic-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="早期拉丁语中的A"><img alt="早期拉丁语中的A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Semitic-2.jpg/20px-Semitic-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Semitic-2.jpg/30px-Semitic-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Semitic-2.jpg/40px-Semitic-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="322" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin-uncial-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="300年的版本1拉丁语安色尔字体"><img alt="300年的版本1拉丁语安色尔字体" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Latin-uncial-1.jpg/20px-Latin-uncial-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Latin-uncial-1.jpg/30px-Latin-uncial-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Latin-uncial-1.jpg/40px-Latin-uncial-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="281" /></a></span><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>A a <a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%AD" title="Ɑ">ɑ</a></b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">使用时期</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">公元前700年及以前至今</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">派生字母</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68886739"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86%C3%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ææ（页面不存在）">Ææ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84%C3%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ää（页面不存在）">Ää</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82%C3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ââ（页面不存在）">Ââ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%B1%AD%C9%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ɑɑ（页面不存在）">Ɑɑ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turned_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turned V（页面不存在）">Ʌʌ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%B1%AF%C9%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ɐɐ（页面不存在）">Ɐɐ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C2%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="ª">ª</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85%C3%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Åå（页面不存在）">Åå</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%82%B3a%E2%B9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="₳a⹀（页面不存在）">₳a⹀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/@" title="@">@</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%92%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ⓐ">Ⓐ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%92%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ⓐ">ⓐ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%F0%9F%84%90%E2%92%9C_(A)_(a)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="🄐⒜ (A) (a)（页面不存在）">🄐⒜ (A) (a)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%F0%9F%85%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="🅰">🅰</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">姊妹字母</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68886739"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist template-grid-list-3em"><ul><li> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%F0%90%8C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="𐌰（页面不存在）">𐌰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аа（页面不存在）">Аа</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Яя（页面不存在）">Яя</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%98%D3%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Әә（页面不存在）">Әә</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D3%90%D3%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ӑӑ（页面不存在）">Ӑӑ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph"><span>א</span> <span>ا</span> <span>ܐ</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A0%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ࠀ（页面不存在）">ࠀ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%F0%90%8E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="𐎀（页面不存在）">𐎀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%84%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ℵ">ℵ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%8A%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="አ（页面不存在）">አ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ء">ء</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ա（页面不存在）">Ա ա </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AA%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="અ（页面不存在）">અ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85" title="अ">अ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="অ（页面不存在）">অ</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">变种</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">(<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#相关字符">见下</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:white; color:black; font-variant/style: ;;">其他</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">其他常与之一同使用的字母</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#A" title="拉丁二合字母列表">a(x)</a>，<a href="/wiki/Ae_(%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ae (二合字母)">ae</a>, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Eau(三合字母)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eau_(trigraph)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eau(%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eau(三合字母)（页面不存在）">eau</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" class="extiw" title="en:Eau (trigraph)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eau_(trigraph)</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">关联数字</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;">本條目包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a> (IPA) 符號。 有關 IPA 符號的介紹指南，請參閱 <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ ]</span>，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ /</span> 及 ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"> </span>⟩ 之間的區別，參閲<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">IPA§方括號與轉錄定界符</a>。</td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="120"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_alphabet_Aa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A"><img alt="A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Latin_alphabet_Aa.svg/120px-Latin_alphabet_Aa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Latin_alphabet_Aa.svg/180px-Latin_alphabet_Aa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Latin_alphabet_Aa.svg/240px-Latin_alphabet_Aa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="35" /></a><figcaption>A</figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="#ccccff">拉丁字母 <span lang="en" style="font-size:120%;">a</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="#dddddd">字母称呼 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="width:100%; background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:90%;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">拉丁语发音 </td> <td class="IPA" style="text-align:center;">/aː/ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">英语发音 </td> <td class="IPA" style="text-align:center;">/eɪ/ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">德语发音 </td> <td class="IPA" style="text-align:center;">/aː/ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">法语发音 </td> <td class="IPA" style="text-align:center;">/a/ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">西班牙语发音 </td> <td class="IPA" style="text-align:center;">/a/ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;">汉语拼音发音 </td> <td class="IPA" style="text-align:center;">/a/ </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" bgcolor="#dddddd">对应 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="width:100%; background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:80%;text-align:left;">相关的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希腊字母">希腊字母</a> </td> <td lang="el"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" title="Α">α</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:80%;text-align:left;">相关的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a> </td> <td lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" title="А">а</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:80%;text-align:left;">相关的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="亚美尼亚字母">亚美尼亚字母</a> </td> <td lang="hy"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ա（页面不存在）">ա</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:80%;text-align:left;">相关的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="格鲁吉亚字母">格鲁吉亚字母</a> </td> <td lang="ka"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%83%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ა（页面不存在）">ა</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:80%;text-align:left;">相关的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希伯来字母">希伯来字母</a> </td> <td lang="he" dir="rtl" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">א</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:80%;text-align:left;">相关的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="阿拉伯字母">阿拉伯字母</a> </td> <td lang="ar" dir="rtl" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%EF%BA%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="ﺍ">ﺍ</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#ccccff" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align:center; background:none; width:11em; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr lang="en"> <td width="16.7%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aa</a></td> <td width="16.7%"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></td> <td width="16.7%"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></td> <td width="16.7%"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></td> <td width="16.6%"> </td> <td width="16.6%">  </td></tr> <tr lang="en"> <td><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></td> <td> </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr lang="en"> <td><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a> </td></tr> <tr lang="en"> <td><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a> </td></tr> <tr lang="en"> <td><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:83%" colspan="2"><hr /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktprintable-zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wiktprintable-zh.svg/35px-Wiktprintable-zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wiktprintable-zh.svg/53px-Wiktprintable-zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Wiktprintable-zh.svg/70px-Wiktprintable-zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="460" /></a></span> 维基词典的解释：<i><b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/A" class="extiw" title="wikt:A">A</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/a" class="extiw" title="wikt:a">a</a></b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;font-size:83%" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/A" class="extiw" title="commons:A">维基共享上的资源</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>A/a</b>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>的首<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母">字母</a>，来源于<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>中有<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開元音">低元音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/a/</span>和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/aː/</span>音值的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希腊字母">希腊字母</a><span lang="el"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" title="Α">α</a></span>。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oed_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 其英文名为“a”，读音为<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/eɪ/：「face」的「a」音">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>，复数为“aes”<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这一字母的形状与其来源<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希腊字母">古希腊字母</a><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" title="Α">alpha</a>相似。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其大写体由三角形的两个斜边和在中间联结两条斜边的横杠构成。其小写形式有两种形式：双层a和单层ɑ。单层A通常于手写体及其衍生字体中使用，特别是供儿童阅读的字体和斜体。 </p><p>“a”及其变体“an”于英语语法中为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%86%A0%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="不定冠詞">不定冠词</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#EEEEEE; text-align:center"> <th>埃及语 </th> <th>原始西奈字母 <p><i><a href="/wiki/%CA%BEalp" class="mw-redirect" title="ʾalp">ʾalp</a></i> </p> </th> <th>原始迦南字母 </th> <th>腓尼基文 <br /><i><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">aleph</a></i> </th> <th>闪族语 <br /> </th> <th>希腊语 <br /><i><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" title="Α">alpha</a></i> </th> <th>伊特鲁里亚语 <br />A </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁语字母">拉丁字母</a>/<br />斯拉夫字母<br />A </th> <th>维奥蒂亚语<br /> 公元前700年-公元前800年 </th> <th>希腊语 <br /> 安色尔体 </th> <th colspan="2">公元300年的拉丁文<br />安色尔体 </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:white; text-align:center;"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EgyptianA-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Egyptian hieroglyphic ox head"><img alt="Egyptian hieroglyphic ox head" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/EgyptianA-01.svg/64px-EgyptianA-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/EgyptianA-01.svg/96px-EgyptianA-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/EgyptianA-01.svg/128px-EgyptianA-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proto-semiticA-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boeotian"><img alt="Boeotian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticA-01.svg/35px-Proto-semiticA-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticA-01.svg/53px-Proto-semiticA-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Proto-semiticA-01.svg/70px-Proto-semiticA-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protoalef.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Semitic letter "A", version 1"><img alt="Semitic letter "A", version 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Protoalef.svg/35px-Protoalef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Protoalef.svg/53px-Protoalef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Protoalef.svg/70px-Protoalef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="625" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhoenicianA-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician aleph"><img alt="Phoenician aleph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PhoenicianA-01.svg/40px-PhoenicianA-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PhoenicianA-01.svg/60px-PhoenicianA-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/PhoenicianA-01.svg/80px-PhoenicianA-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpha_uc_lc.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greek alpha, version 1"><img alt="Greek alpha, version 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Alpha_uc_lc.svg/45px-Alpha_uc_lc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Alpha_uc_lc.svg/68px-Alpha_uc_lc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Alpha_uc_lc.svg/90px-Alpha_uc_lc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EtruscanA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etruscan A, version 1"><img alt="Etruscan A, version 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/EtruscanA.svg/30px-EtruscanA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/EtruscanA.svg/45px-EtruscanA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/EtruscanA.svg/60px-EtruscanA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="39" data-file-height="59" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalis_monumentalis_A.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin A"><img alt="Latin A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Capitalis_monumentalis_A.svg/20px-Capitalis_monumentalis_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Capitalis_monumentalis_A.svg/30px-Capitalis_monumentalis_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Capitalis_monumentalis_A.svg/40px-Capitalis_monumentalis_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="55" data-file-height="55" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek-uncial-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greek Classical uncial, version 1"><img alt="Greek Classical uncial, version 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Greek-uncial-1.jpg/35px-Greek-uncial-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Greek-uncial-1.jpg/53px-Greek-uncial-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Greek-uncial-1.jpg/70px-Greek-uncial-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="358" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin-uncial-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Latin 300 AD uncial, version 1"><img alt="Latin 300 AD uncial, version 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Latin-uncial-1.jpg/35px-Latin-uncial-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Latin-uncial-1.jpg/53px-Latin-uncial-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Latin-uncial-1.jpg/70px-Latin-uncial-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="281" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>“A”的最早祖先是第一个<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="腓尼基字母">腓尼基字母</a><a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">aleph</a>（一写作'aleph），<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这一字母系统完全由<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a>构成（因此其也被称为<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="辅音音素文字">辅音音素文字</a>，以区别于真正的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="全音素文字">全音素文字</a>）。另外，aleph的祖先可能是受<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93" title="圣书体">圣书体</a>影响的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="青铜中期文化时期字母">青铜中期文化时期字母</a>中牛头的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="象形符号">象形符号</a><sup id="cite_ref-Coll_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coll-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其形状为延伸出两个角的三角形头部。 </p><p>当<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊">古希腊人</a>使用字母系统时，他们没有用一个字母表示<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門塞音">声门塞音</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%96%80%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="聲門塞音">声门塞音</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD" title="腓尼基语">腓尼基语</a>和其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="闪米特语族">闪米特语族下属语言</a>中用字母aleph表示, 这一辅音是这个字母在腓尼基的发音的第一个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="音位">音位</a>。古希腊人因此用自己版本的这一符号表示元音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/a/</span>，并用类似的名称<a href="/wiki/%CE%91" title="Α">alpha</a>称呼之。在公元前八世纪<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E9%BB%91%E6%9A%97%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="希腊黑暗时代">希腊黑暗时代</a>后的最早希腊铭文中，这一字母侧靠在一边, 但在之后的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希腊字母">希腊字母</a>中，其通常类似于现代大写字母，但许多地方字母有一条腿被缩短或交叉线倾斜一定角度的区别。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="伊特鲁里亚文明">伊特鲁里亚人</a>把希腊字母带到了他们在<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利半岛">意大利半岛</a>的文明中并把这一字母无差别的保留了下来。罗马人后来用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="古意大利字母">伊特拉斯坎字母</a>书写<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>，由此产生的字母被保存在用于书写包括英语的许多语言的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁字母</a>中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="印刷变体"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7.E5.8F.98.E4.BD.93"></span>印刷变体</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：印刷变体"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-small_glyphs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/A-small_glyphs.svg/140px-A-small_glyphs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/A-small_glyphs.svg/210px-A-small_glyphs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/A-small_glyphs.svg/280px-A-small_glyphs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>小写字母A的不同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="字形">字形</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p>从罗马时代起，字母“A”就存在多种不同的形式。第一种形式是碑体或玉石体，用于在石头及其他“永久”介质上题刻。另外也存在一种被用于日常或功利写作、在易腐烂表面写就的<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%86%99%E4%BD%93" title="手写体">手写体</a>。因这类表面的“易腐”性质，该字体实例少于碑体，但仍有不同类型的手写体实例留存，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%99" title="字母大小写">大写</a>手写体、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%99" title="字母大小写">小写</a>手写体以及小写行书体。也存在介于手写体和碑体之间的变体也存在。其已知变体包括早期半安色尔体、安色尔体和晚期半安色尔体。<sup id="cite_ref-Americana_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Americana-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="center"> <div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LowercaseA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/LowercaseA.svg/220px-LowercaseA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/LowercaseA.svg/330px-LowercaseA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/LowercaseA.svg/440px-LowercaseA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>这一字母包括双层<b>a</b>和单层<b>ɑ</b>两种<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="异体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Allography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异体（页面不存在）">印刷变体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allography" class="extiw" title="en:Allography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Allography</span></a></span>）</span></span>。</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle"> <table cellspacing="10" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BlackletterA-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="哥特体A"><img alt="哥特体A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BlackletterA-01.svg/64px-BlackletterA-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BlackletterA-01.svg/96px-BlackletterA-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BlackletterA-01.svg/128px-BlackletterA-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E4%BD%93" title="哥特体">哥特体</a>A </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UncialA-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="安色尔体A"><img alt="安色尔体A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UncialA-01.svg/58px-UncialA-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="58" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UncialA-01.svg/87px-UncialA-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UncialA-01.svg/116px-UncialA-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="47" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%89%B2%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="安色尔体">安色尔体</a>A </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acap.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="另一种哥特体A"><img alt="另一种哥特体A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/45px-Acap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/68px-Acap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/90px-Acap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="50" /></a></span><br />另一种哥特体A  </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ModernRomanA-01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="现代罗马体A"><img alt="现代罗马体A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ModernRomanA-01.svg/64px-ModernRomanA-01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ModernRomanA-01.svg/96px-ModernRomanA-01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ModernRomanA-01.svg/128px-ModernRomanA-01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><br />现代罗马体A </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_Italic_A.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="现代斜体A"><img alt="现代斜体A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Modern_Italic_A.svg/64px-Modern_Italic_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Modern_Italic_A.svg/96px-Modern_Italic_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Modern_Italic_A.svg/128px-Modern_Italic_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><br />现代斜体A </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_Script_A.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="现代体A"><img alt="现代体A" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Modern_Script_A.svg/64px-Modern_Script_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Modern_Script_A.svg/96px-Modern_Script_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Modern_Script_A.svg/128px-Modern_Script_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span><br />现代体A </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马帝国">罗马帝国</a>末期（公元5世纪），小写手写体的几种变体在西欧有所发展。其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>的小写行书，法国的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="墨洛温体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Merovingian script"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%A8%E6%B4%9B%E6%B8%A9%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="墨洛温体（页面不存在）">墨洛温体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merovingian_script" class="extiw" title="en:Merovingian script"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Merovingian script</span></a></span>）</span></span>，西班牙的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西哥特体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Visigothic script"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西哥特体（页面不存在）">西哥特体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_script" class="extiw" title="en:Visigothic script"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Visigothic script</span></a></span>）</span></span>和大不列颠的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="岛体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Insular script"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%9B%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岛体（页面不存在）">岛体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_script" class="extiw" title="en:Insular script"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Insular script</span></a></span>）</span></span>、盎格鲁-爱尔兰半安色尔体与大写盎格鲁—撒克逊体。到9世纪，与现在的字体相似的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%8F%E8%8D%89%E4%B9%A6%E4%BD%93" title="卡洛林小草书体">卡洛林体</a>出现。它是书籍制作中主要使用的字体，与现代字体极为相似。这一字体是综合之前的字体产生的。<sup id="cite_ref-Americana_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Americana-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_sign_on_the_R639_north_of_Urlingford,_Ireland_-_20090502.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Road_sign_on_the_R639_north_of_Urlingford%2C_Ireland_-_20090502.jpg/220px-Road_sign_on_the_R639_north_of_Urlingford%2C_Ireland_-_20090502.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Road_sign_on_the_R639_north_of_Urlingford%2C_Ireland_-_20090502.jpg/330px-Road_sign_on_the_R639_north_of_Urlingford%2C_Ireland_-_20090502.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Road_sign_on_the_R639_north_of_Urlingford%2C_Ireland_-_20090502.jpg/440px-Road_sign_on_the_R639_north_of_Urlingford%2C_Ireland_-_20090502.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3781" data-file-height="2920" /></a><figcaption>爱尔兰路标，其中以大写及小写形式的“a”展示了爱尔兰“拉丁字母”字体。</figcaption></figure> <p>于15世纪，意大利形成目前已知的两种变体。此些变体，亦即<b>意大利</b>体和<b>罗马</b>体，均衍生自卡洛林体。a的<b>意大利</b>体形式，亦即<i>书写体a，</i>在大部分<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%94%E8%BF%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="笔迹">笔迹</a>中出现；它由一个圆圈及右侧的一条竖线构成，写作“ɑ”。它于五世纪开始逐渐发展起来，并且类似于中世纪爱尔兰和英国作家手中的希腊字母<a href="/wiki/%CE%A4" title="Τ">Τ</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>a的罗马形式被用于大部分印刷物中；它由一个小环和上面的弧构成，写作“a”。<sup id="cite_ref-Americana_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Americana-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这两种字体都源于大写体。如图所示，希腊人在笔迹中把安色尔体的字母“a”左腿和水平线连接成一个环是常见的。在一些例子中，右腿的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%AC%E7%BA%BF%E4%BD%93" title="衬线体">衬线</a>被发展为一个圆弧，形成了印刷体；但在另一些例子中，这一衬线脱落，形成了现代手写体。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="平面设计师">平面设计师</a>把<i>意大利</i>体和<i>罗马</i>体a分别称为“单层a”和“双层a”。 </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%93" title="意大利体">意大利体</a>通常被用于区别文本的两个部分（另一部分用罗马体标记）及标记强调。有时候除意大利字体外的其他实例也会被使用，如<i>书写体a</i>（“ɑ”），亦即<a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%AD" title="Ɑ">拉丁alpha</a>就被用于与拉丁字母“a”形成区别。（例如在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际音标">国际音标</a>中） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="在书写体系中的使用"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E4.B9.A6.E5.86.99.E4.BD.93.E7.B3.BB.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8"></span>在书写体系中的使用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：在书写体系中的使用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pronunciation_of_the_name_of_the_letter_%E2%9F%A8a%E2%9F%A9_in_European_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Pronunciation_of_the_name_of_the_letter_%E2%9F%A8a%E2%9F%A9_in_European_languages.png/298px-Pronunciation_of_the_name_of_the_letter_%E2%9F%A8a%E2%9F%A9_in_European_languages.png" decoding="async" width="298" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Pronunciation_of_the_name_of_the_letter_%E2%9F%A8a%E2%9F%A9_in_European_languages.png/448px-Pronunciation_of_the_name_of_the_letter_%E2%9F%A8a%E2%9F%A9_in_European_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Pronunciation_of_the_name_of_the_letter_%E2%9F%A8a%E2%9F%A9_in_European_languages.png/597px-Pronunciation_of_the_name_of_the_letter_%E2%9F%A8a%E2%9F%A9_in_European_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2044" /></a><figcaption>字母<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>a<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>名称在欧洲语言中的发音，需要注意的是，/a/和/aː/会因语言的不同而具有在<span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開前不圓唇元音">a</a>]</span>、<span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%A4%AE%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開央不圓唇元音">ä</a>]</span>、<span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="次開前不圓唇元音">æ</a>]</span>及<span class="IPA nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開後不圓唇元音">ɑ</a>]</span>之间的不同发音。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英语"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD"></span>英语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：英语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E7%9F%AD-A%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="英语短-A语音史">英语短-A语音史</a></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a>中，a代表<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/a/</span>和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/aː/</span>。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/æ/</span>在古英语中则由æ表示。 </p><p>而在现代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英语正写法（页面不存在）">英语正写法</a>中，字母<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>a<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>至少代表七个不同元音： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="次開前不圓唇元音">次开前不圆唇元音</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/æ/</span>，例如在<i>pad</i>中；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%8E%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开后不圆唇元音">开后不圆唇元音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɑː/</span>，例如在<i>father</i>中，这更为接近它在拉丁语及希腊语中的本音。<sup id="cite_ref-Coll_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coll-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="双元音">双元音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/eɪ/</span>，例如在<i>ace</i>和<i>major</i>中。<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>a<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>在后接一个（通常）或两个（罕见）辅音，并且这些辅音后还有其他元音字母时读作此音——这一变化在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古英语延长" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle English lengthening"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E5%BB%B6%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古英语延长（页面不存在）">中古英语延长</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English_lengthening" class="extiw" title="en:Middle English lengthening"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle English lengthening</span></a></span>）</span></span>后的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="元音大推移">元音大推移</a>时发生；</li> <li>上述声音<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英语/r/前元音语音史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="English-language vowel changes before historic /r/"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD/r/%E5%89%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英语/r/前元音语音史（页面不存在）">在<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>r<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>之前</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-language_vowel_changes_before_historic_/r/" class="extiw" title="en:English-language vowel changes before historic /r/"><span lang="en" dir="auto">English-language vowel changes before historic /r/</span></a></span>）</span></span>的修改形式，例如在<i>square</i>和<i>Mary</i>中；</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="圓唇元音">圆唇元音</a>，例如在“water”中。</li> <li>更短的圆唇元音（不存在于<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%BC%8F%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" title="通用美式英語">通用美式英语</a>中），例如在<i>was</i>和<i>what</i>中；<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="中央元音">中央元音</a>, 出现在许多非重读音节中，例如在<i>about</i>、<i>comma</i>和<i>solar</i>中。</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="二合字母">二合字母</a><span class="Unicode">⟨</span>aa<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>在英语本地单词中不存在，但其可以在一些源于外语的单词中找到，例如<i><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Aaron" class="extiw" title="wikt:Aaron">Aaron</a></i>和<i><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/aardvark" class="extiw" title="wikt:aardvark">aardvark</a></i>。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>a<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>出现在许多有自身读音的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="拉丁二合字母列表">常见二合字母</a>中，特别是<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ai<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>、<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>au<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>、<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>aw<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>、<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ay<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>、<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>ea<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>和<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>oa<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>。 </p><p><span class="Unicode">⟨</span>a<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>是在<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>e<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>和<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>t<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>之后于英语中第三常用的字母，在西班牙语和法语中第二常见的字母和在葡萄牙语中最常见的字母。一项研究表明，英语文本中大约3.68%的字母<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>a<span class="Unicode">⟩</span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而这一数值于法语、西班牙语和葡萄牙语中分别为7.636%<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、11.525%<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和14.634%<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他语言"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80"></span>其他语言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：其他语言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在大部分使用拉丁字母的语言中，<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>a<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>表示开不圆唇元音，如<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开前不圆唇元音">a</a>/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%AE%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开央不圆唇元音">ä</a>/</span>或<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%8E%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开后不圆唇元音">ɑ</a>/</span>。一个例外是<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%87%E8%AA%9E" title="薩尼奇語">萨尼奇语</a>，其中<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>a<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>和它的另一种字形<a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">Á</a>代表<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%97%AD%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="半闭前不圆唇元音">半闭前不圆唇元音</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/e/</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他体系"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E4.BD.93.E7.B3.BB"></span>其他体系</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：其他体系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在语言学和音素符号中： </p> <ul><li>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际音标">国际音标</a>中，⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">a</span>⟩被用于表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开前不圆唇元音">开前不圆唇元音</a>，⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ä</span>⟩被用于表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%AE%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开央不圆唇元音">开央不圆唇元音</a>，并且⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">ɑ</span>⟩被用于表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%8E%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开后不圆唇元音">开后不圆唇元音</a>。</li> <li>在<a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a>中，<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>a<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>被用于表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开前不圆唇元音">开前不圆唇元音</a>，而且<span class="Unicode">⟨</span>A<span class="Unicode">⟩</span>被用于表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%8E%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开后不圆唇元音">开后不圆唇元音</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他用法"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E7.94.A8.E6.B3.95"></span>其他用法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：其他用法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/A_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="A (消歧义)">A (消歧义)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0" title="代数">代数</a>中，字母<i>a</i>及字母表中的各个其他字母通常被用于表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="变量">变量</a>，它们在不同数学领域拥有不同的传统意义。此外，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="勒内·笛卡尔">勒内·笛卡尔</a>在1637年“创造了用x、y、z表示未知数，a、b、c表示已知数的约定”，<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>它通常会，特别是会在初等代数中会被遵循。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="几何学">几何学</a>中，A、B、C等大写字母通常用于表示<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E6%AE%B5" title="线段">线段</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E7%BA%BF" title="直线">直线</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF#幾何學" title="射线">射线</a>等。<sup id="cite_ref-Americana_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Americana-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>大写字母A通常也会是表示<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%BD%A2" title="三角形">三角形</a>中一个角的字母之一，而小写字母a则会被用于表示与角A相对的一边。<sup id="cite_ref-Coll_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coll-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>“A”通常被用于表示有更好质量的某物或更高地位的某人：A-、A、A+或A++是教师可以分配给学生的课堂作业的最佳成绩，“A级”是对于清洁餐厅的评级，一流名人在英语中被称为" <i lang="en"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/A-list#英语" class="extiw" title="wikt:A-list">A-list</a></i> celebrities"，等等等等。这种联系可以作为一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="动机">动机</a>起到效应，因为接触字母A已被发现与接触其他字母相比更能提高绩效。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>“A”被用作某些词的前缀，以表示“非”或“无”，例如在<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/asymmetry" class="extiw" title="wikt:asymmetry">asymmetry</a>中（源自希腊语）。 </p><p>“a”及其变体“an”于英语语法中为用于名词短语之前的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%86%A0%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="不定冠詞">不定冠词</a>。 </p><p>字母A也被用于表示尺寸，如窄鞋型的鞋码尺寸<sup id="cite_ref-Coll_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coll-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E7%BD%A9" title="胸罩">胸罩</a>中的小罩杯尺寸。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E7%BB%8E%E6%8E%A8%E7%90%86" title="演绎推理">演绎法</a>中，字母A表作形如“甲均是乙”的全肯定命题。字母I、E和O表形如“一些甲是乙”的部分肯定，以及一些形如“一些甲非乙”的部分否定命题。以上可能来自拉丁动词affirmo（我断言）与nego（我否认）。这种用法可溯至13世纪，虽然一些学者认为来源是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="逻辑学家">逻辑学家</a>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%82%E5%88%B6" title="十二小時制">十二小时制</a>，a.m. 的 a 為午前（ante），用于表示<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8D%88" title="上午">上午</a>的时间段。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十六进制">十六进制</a>（逢16进1的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="进位制">进位制</a>）的编号系统中，A是与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="十进制">十进制</a>（逢10进1的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="进位制">进位制</a>）计数中的数字10相对应的数字。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关字符"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E5.AD.97.E7.AC.A6"></span>相关字符</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：相关字符"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拉丁字母中的衍生及相关字符"><span id=".E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E8.A1.8D.E7.94.9F.E5.8F.8A.E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E5.AD.97.E7.AC.A6"></span>拉丁字母中的衍生及相关字符</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：拉丁字母中的衍生及相关字符"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Æ æ : 拉丁字母连字<a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ"><i>AE</i></a></li> <li>带有<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="附加符号">附加符号</a>的A：<a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å å</a> <a href="/wiki/%C7%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǻ">Ǻ ǻ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%80" title="Ḁ">Ḁ ḁ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CA%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aʾ（页面不存在）">ẚ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ă ă</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ặ">Ặ ặ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ắ">Ắ ắ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ằ">Ằ ằ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẳ">Ẳ ẳ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẵ">Ẵ ẵ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%82_%C8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ȃ ȃ（页面不存在）">Ȃ ȃ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Â â</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ậ">Ậ ậ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ấ">Ấ ấ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ầ">Ầ ầ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẫ">Ẫ ẫ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ẩ">Ẩ ẩ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ả">Ả ả</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ǎ（页面不存在）">Ǎ ǎ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C8%BA" title="Ⱥ">Ⱥ ⱥ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C8%A6" title="Ȧ">Ȧ ȧ</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ǡ（页面不存在）">Ǡ ǡ</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ạ">Ạ ạ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ä ä</a> <a href="/wiki/%C7%9E" title="Ǟ">Ǟ ǟ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%80" title="À">À à</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ȁ（页面不存在）">Ȁ ȁ</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">Á á</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80" title="Ā">Ā ā</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā̀（页面不存在）">Ā̀ ā̀</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">Ã ã</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%84" title="Ą">Ą ą</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą́（页面不存在）">Ą́ ą́</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą̃（页面不存在）">Ą̃ ą̃</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CC%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A̲（页面不存在）">A̲ a̲</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᶏ（页面不存在）">ᶏ</a><sup id="cite_ref-L204132_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L204132-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="标音">音标字母</a>系统相关的A（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际音标">国际音标</a>只使用这些字母的小写，但它们的大写形式被用于部分其他书写系统中被使用： <ul><li>Ɑ ɑ：<a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%AD" title="Ɑ">拉丁alpha/书写体a</a>，它在国际音标里表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%8E%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%86%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="开后不圆唇元音">开后不圆唇元音</a>。</li> <li>ᶐ：带有弯钩的小写拉丁字母alpha。<sup id="cite_ref-L204132_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L204132-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ɐ ɐ：<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E8%BD%89A" class="mw-redirect" title="倒轉A">倒转A</a>，它在国际音标里表示<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E9%96%8B%E5%A4%AE%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="次開央元音">次开央元音</a>。</li> <li>Λ ʌ：<a href="/wiki/%C9%85" title="Ʌ">ʌ</a>（也被称为楔形、脱字符或帽子），它在国际音标里表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="半開後不圓唇元音">半开后不圆唇元音</a>。</li> <li>Ɒ ɒ：倒转alpha/书写体a，它在国际音标里表示<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%8C%E5%9C%93%E5%94%87%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="開後圓唇元音">开后圆唇元音</a>。</li> <li>ᶛ：修饰字母，缩小的倒转alpha。<sup id="cite_ref-L204132_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L204132-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ᴀ：缩小的大写A，一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E6%A3%84%E7%94%A8%E5%92%8C%E9%9D%9E%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="已棄用和非標準的國際音標符號">过时或非标准国际音标符号</a>，被用于表示主要是开元音的各种音。</li> <li><sup>A a</sup> ᵄ：修饰字母，被用于<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌拉尔语音标字母" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Uralic Phonetic Alphabet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乌拉尔语音标字母（页面不存在）">乌拉尔语音标字母</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="extiw" title="en:Uralic Phonetic Alphabet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Uralic Phonetic Alphabet</span></a></span>）</span></span>（UPA）中。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（有时使用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Unicode的上标与下标" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Unicode subscripts and superscripts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%8A%E6%A0%87%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%8B%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unicode的上标与下标（页面不存在）">Unicode的上标与下标</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_subscripts_and_superscripts" class="extiw" title="en:Unicode subscripts and superscripts"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Unicode subscripts and superscripts</span></a></span>）</span></span>编码实现）</li> <li><sub>a</sub>：下标小写a，被用于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="印欧学">印欧学</a>中。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>ꬱ：小写字母a（左）和横翻<a href="/wiki/%C6%8F" title="Ə">ə</a>（右）的结合，被用于<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Teuthonista" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Teuthonista"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teuthonista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teuthonista（页面不存在）">Teuthonista</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teuthonista" class="extiw" title="en:Teuthonista"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Teuthonista</span></a></span>）</span></span>音标字母中。<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ꞻ ꞻ：喉塞音符A，被用于<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="烏加里特語">乌加里特语</a>音标中。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="衍生符号及缩写"><span id=".E8.A1.8D.E7.94.9F.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7.E5.8F.8A.E7.BC.A9.E5.86.99"></span>衍生符号及缩写</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：衍生符号及缩写"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><big>ª</big>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8C%87%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="序数指标">阴性序数指标</a>。</li> <li>Å：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="埃格斯特朗">埃格斯特朗</a>的符号。</li> <li>∀：竖翻的大写字母a，用于在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%98%B6%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="一阶逻辑">一阶逻辑</a>中表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%A7%B0%E9%87%8F%E5%8C%96" title="全称量化">全称量化</a>（“﹝对﹞任意……”）。</li> <li>@：<a href="/wiki/@" title="@">艾特</a></li> <li>₳：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%88%BE" title="阿根廷奧斯特拉爾">阿根廷奥斯特拉尔</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他字母系统中的祖先及姊妹字符"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E7.A5.96.E5.85.88.E5.8F.8A.E5.A7.8A.E5.A6.B9.E5.AD.97.E7.AC.A6"></span>其他字母系统中的祖先及姊妹字符</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：其他字母系统中的祖先及姊妹字符"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>𐤀：<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="腓尼基字母">闪米特语</a>字母<a href="/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">Aleph</a>，下列字符的本源。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Α α：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="希腊字母">希腊字母</a><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" title="Α">Alpha</a>，下方为其派生字母。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>А а：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" title="А">А</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="script-coptic" style="font-family:'FreeSerif', 'New Athena Unicode', 'MPH 2B Damase', 'Arial Coptic', Quivira, Analecta, Antinoou, 'Sophia Nubian', 'Noto Sans Coptic', 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol';">Ⲁ ⲁ</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="科普特字母">科普特字母</a>Alpha。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>𐌀：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="古意大利字母">古意大利字母</a>A，现代拉丁字母A的祖先。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr" style="font-family: 'BabelStone Runic Beagnoth', 'BabelStone Runic Beorhtnoth', 'BabelStone Runic Beorhtric', 'BabelStone Runic Beowulf', 'BabelStone Runic Berhtwald', 'BabelStone Runic Byrhtferth', Junicode, Kevinch, 'Free Monospaced', Code2000, Hnias, 'Noto Sans Runic', 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol';">ᚨ</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="卢恩字母">卢恩字母</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ansuz (rune)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ᚨ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansuz_(rune)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansuz (rune)（页面不存在）">ansuz</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9A%A8" class="extiw" title="en:ᚨ"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ᚨ</span></a></span>）</span></span>，可能源自古斜体A。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><span class="script-gothic" style="font-size: 125%; font-family:Vulcanius, Junicode, Pfeffer Mediæval, Ulfilas, Silubr, Skeirs, Midjungards, ALPHABETUM, FreeSerif, FreeSans, 'Noto Sans Gothic', Code2001, 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Segoe UI Symbol', serif">𐌰</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="哥特字母">哥特字母</a>aza/asks<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Ա ա：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="亚美尼亚字母">亚美尼亚字母</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ա" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ayb (letter)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ա（页面不存在）">Ayb</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayb_(letter)" class="extiw" title="en:Ayb (letter)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ayb (letter)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="码位"><span id=".E7.A0.81.E4.BD.8D"></span>码位<span class="anchor" id="Computing_codes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：码位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>下方为各种系统中字母A的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%81%E4%BD%8D" title="码位">码位</a>。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th align="left">字符</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%"><span class="Unicode">A</span></th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 150%"><span class="Unicode">a</span> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="center"><b>Unicode名称</b></td> <td colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71146900">.mw-parser-output .smallcaps-all{font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase}.mw-parser-output .smallcaps-all>span{font-variant:normal;text-transform:none}</style><span class="smallcaps-all">拉丁字母大写A</span></td> <td colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r71146900"><span class="smallcaps-all">拉丁字母小写A</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left">编码</th> <th><span class="nowrap">十进制</span></th> <th><span class="nowrap">十六进制</span></th> <th><span class="nowrap">十进制</span></th> <th><span class="nowrap">十六进制</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>41</td> <td>U+0041</td> <td>61</td> <td>U+0061 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>65</td> <td>41</td> <td>97</td> <td>61 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></td> <td>65</td> <td>0041</td> <td>97</td> <td>0061 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%80%BC%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8" title="字符值引用">字符值引用</a></td> <td>&#65;</td> <td>&#x41;</td> <td>&#97;</td> <td>&#x61; </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> family</td> <td>193</td> <td>C1</td> <td>129</td> <td>81 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <sup>1</sup></td> <td>65</td> <td>41</td> <td>97</td> <td>61 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dd><sup>1</sup> <span style="font-size:92%;line-height:1.30em;">也适用于基于ASCII的编码，例如DOS、Windows、ISO-8859及Macintosh家族编码。</span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他表示法"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E8.A1.A8.E7.A4.BA.E6.B3.95"></span>其他表示法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：其他表示法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="width: 400px;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; line-height:1.3em; padding:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="北约音标字母">北约音标字母</a> </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E7%94%B5%E7%A0%81" title="摩尔斯电码">摩尔斯电码</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; line-height: 100%; font-size:150%"> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;">Alpha </td> <td width="50%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; font-size: large;"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand nounderlines" style="letter-spacing: 0.2em;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Morse_code.ogg" class="internal" title="Morse code.ogg">·–</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="text-align: center; background: white;"> <tbody><tr style="height: 80px;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ICS_Alfa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ICS_Alfa.svg/75px-ICS_Alfa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ICS_Alfa.svg/113px-ICS_Alfa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ICS_Alfa.svg/150px-ICS_Alfa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semaphore_Alpha.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Semaphore_Alpha.svg/90px-Semaphore_Alpha.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Semaphore_Alpha.svg/135px-Semaphore_Alpha.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Semaphore_Alpha.svg/180px-Semaphore_Alpha.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sign_language_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sign_language_A.svg/77px-Sign_language_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sign_language_A.svg/116px-Sign_language_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Sign_language_A.svg/154px-Sign_language_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="323" data-file-height="424" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSL_letter_A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BSL_letter_A.svg/77px-BSL_letter_A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BSL_letter_A.svg/116px-BSL_letter_A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BSL_letter_A.svg/154px-BSL_letter_A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-top: 1px solid silver; padding:0.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_A1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠁"><img alt="⠁" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/77px-Braille_A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/116px-Braille_A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/154px-Braille_A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 85%; line-height: 125%;"> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver; padding-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E4%BF%A1%E8%99%9F%E6%97%97" title="國際信號旗">國際信號旗</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%97%E8%AA%9E" title="旗語">旗語</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="美国手语字母">美国手语字母</a> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英国手语字母" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="British manual alphabet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%89%8B%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英国手语字母（页面不存在）">英国手语字母</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_manual_alphabet" class="extiw" title="en:British manual alphabet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">British manual alphabet</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left: 1px solid silver; border-right: 1px solid silver; border-bottom: 1px solid silver;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="盲文">盲文</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="另見"><span id=".E5.8F.A6.E8.A6.8B"></span>另見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：另見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="selfreference"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%89%8D%E7%BC%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95/A" title="Special:前缀索引/A">名稱以「A」開頭的所有条目</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aes</i>是字母名称的复数形式。字母本身的复数形式为<i>A</i>s、A's、<i>a</i>s或a's。<sup id="cite_ref-oed_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Latin-alphabet">Latin alphabet | Definition, Description, History, & Facts</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2021]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309055637/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Latin-alphabet">存档</a>于9 March 2021）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=Latin+alphabet+%26%23124%3B+Definition%2C+Description%2C+History%2C+%26+Facts&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FLatin-alphabet&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oed_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oed_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimpsonWeiner1989">Simpson & Weiner 1989</a>，第1頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCarter1974">McCarter 1974</a>，第54頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_5-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_5-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_5-2"><sup><b>4.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoiberg2010">Hoiberg 2010</a>，第1頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coll-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coll_6-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coll_6-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coll_6-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coll_6-3"><sup><b>5.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHall-Quest1997">Hall-Quest 1997</a>，第1頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Americana-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Americana_7-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Americana_7-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Americana_7-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Americana_7-3"><sup><b>6.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiringer2000">Diringer 2000</a>，第1頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGelbWhiting1998">Gelb & Whiting 1998</a>，第45頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.algoritmy.net/article/40379/Letter-frequency-English">Letter frequency (English)</a>. en.algoritmy.net. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-01-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304152631/http://en.algoritmy.net/article/40379/Letter-frequency-English">存档</a>于4 March 2021）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=Letter+frequency+%28English%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.algoritmy.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.algoritmy.net%2Farticle%2F40379%2FLetter-frequency-English&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930194046/http://gpl.insa-lyon.fr/Dvorak-Fr/CorpusDeThomasTemp%C3%A9">Corpus de Thomas Tempé</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-06-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gpl.insa-lyon.fr/Dvorak-Fr/CorpusDeThomasTemp%C3%A9">原始内容</a>存档于2007-09-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.btitle=Corpus+de+Thomas+Temp%C3%A9&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgpl.insa-lyon.fr%2FDvorak-Fr%2FCorpusDeThomasTemp%25C3%25A9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pratt, Fletcher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secreturgentstor0000flet_u8x3">Secret and Urgent: The story of codes and ciphers</a>. Garden City, NY: Blue Ribbon Books. 1942: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secreturgentstor0000flet_u8x3/page/254">254</a>–5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/795065"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 795065</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.aufirst=Fletcher&rft.aulast=Pratt&rft.btitle=Secret+and+Urgent%3A+The+story+of+codes+and+ciphers&rft.date=1942&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=254-5&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.pub=Blue+Ribbon+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecreturgentstor0000flet_u8x3&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F795065&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803182254/http://www.numaboa.com/criptografia/criptoanalise/310-Frequencia-no-Portugues">Frequência da ocorrência de letras no Português</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-06-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.numaboa.com/criptografia/criptoanalise/310-Frequencia-no-Portugues">原始内容</a>存档于2009-08-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.btitle=Frequ%C3%AAncia+da+ocorr%C3%AAncia+de+letras+no+Portugu%C3%AAs&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.numaboa.com%2Fcriptografia%2Fcriptoanalise%2F310-Frequencia-no-Portugues&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Sorell, <i>Descartes: A Very Short Introduction</i>, (2000). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCiani_&_Sheldon2010">Ciani & Sheldon 2010</a>，第99–100頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Luciani, Jené. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brabookfashionfo0000luci">The Bra Book: The Fashion Formula to Finding the Perfect Bra</a>. Dallas, TX: Benbella Books. 2009: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brabookfashionfo0000luci/page/13">13</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781933771946" title="Special:网络书源/9781933771946"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781933771946</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/317453115"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 317453115</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.aufirst=Jen%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Luciani&rft.btitle=The+Bra+Book%3A+The+Fashion+Formula+to+Finding+the+Perfect+Bra&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781933771946&rft.pages=13&rft.place=Dallas%2C+TX&rft.pub=Benbella+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrabookfashionfo0000luci&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F317453115&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L204132-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L204132_16-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L204132_16-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L204132_16-2"><sup><b>15.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFConstable2004" class="citation">Constable, Peter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf">L2/04-132 Proposal to Add Additional Phonetic Characters to the UCS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, 19 April 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011014355/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于11 October 2017） –通过www.unicode.org <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.btitle=L2%2F04-132+Proposal+to+Add+Additional+Phonetic+Characters+to+the+UCS&rft.date=2004-04-19&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2004%2F04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEverson2002" class="citation"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Everson" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Everson">Everson, Michael</a>; et al, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet Characters for the UCS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, 20 March 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180219081033/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于19 February 2018） –通过www.unicode.org <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.btitle=L2%2F02-141%3A+Uralic+Phonetic+Alphabet+Characters+for+the+UCS&rft.date=2002-03-20&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2002%2F02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonEverson2004" class="citation">Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04191-n2788-laryngeals.pdf">L2/04-191: Proposal to Encode Six Indo-Europeanist Phonetic Characters in the UCS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, 7 June 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011014402/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04191-n2788-laryngeals.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于11 October 2017） –通过www.unicode.org <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.au=Everson%2C+Michael&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.btitle=L2%2F04-191%3A+Proposal+to+Encode+Six+Indo-Europeanist+Phonetic+Characters+in+the+UCS&rft.date=2004-06-07&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2004%2F04191-n2788-laryngeals.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEversonDicklbergerPentzlinWandl-Vogt2011" class="citation">Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11202-n4081-teuthonista.pdf">L2/11-202: Revised Proposal to Encode "Teuthonista" Phonetic Characters in the UCS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, 2 June 2011 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011012426/http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11202-n4081-teuthonista.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于11 October 2017） –通过www.unicode.org <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.au=Dicklberger%2C+Alois&rft.au=Pentzlin%2C+Karl&rft.au=Wandl-Vogt%2C+Eveline&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Everson&rft.btitle=L2%2F11-202%3A+Revised+Proposal+to+Encode+%22Teuthonista%22+Phonetic+Characters+in+the+UCS&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2011%2F11202-n4081-teuthonista.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSuignard2017" class="citation">Suignard, Michel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17076r2-n4792r2-egyptological-yod.pdf">L2/17-076R2: Revised Proposal for the Encoding of an Egyptological YOD and Ugaritic Characters</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, 9 May 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2019]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330043926/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17076r2-n4792r2-egyptological-yod.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于30 March 2019） –通过www.unicode.org <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.aulast=Suignard&rft.btitle=L2%2F17-076R2%3A+Revised+Proposal+for+the+Encoding+of+an+Egyptological+YOD+and+Ugaritic+Characters&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2017%2F17076r2-n4792r2-egyptological-yod.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jensen, Hans. Sign, Symbol, and Script. New York: G.P. Putman's Sons. 1969 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.btitle=Sign%2C+Symbol%2C+and+Script&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=G.P.+Putman%27s+Sons&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/spotlight/hebrew-lesson-of-the-week-letter-aleph/">Hebrew Lesson of the Week: The Letter Aleph</a>. 17 February 2013 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2018]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180526113655/https://www.timesofisrael.com/spotlight/hebrew-lesson-of-the-week-letter-aleph/">存档</a>于26 May 2018） –通过<a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.btitle=Hebrew+Lesson+of+the+Week%3A+The+Letter+Aleph&rft.date=2013-02-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fspotlight%2Fhebrew-lesson-of-the-week-letter-aleph%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cyrillic-alphabet">Cyrillic Alphabet</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2018]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180526114423/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cyrillic-alphabet">存档</a>于26 May 2018） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=Cyrillic+Alphabet&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FCyrillic-alphabet&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Silvestre, M. J. B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n2QWAAAAYAAJ&q=coptic+alphabet&pg=PA123">Universal Palaeography</a>. 由Madden, Frederic翻译. London: Henry G. Bohn. 1850 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507000632/https://books.google.com/books?id=n2QWAAAAYAAJ&q=coptic%20alphabet&pg=PA123">存档</a>于7 May 2021） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.aufirst=M.+J.+B.&rft.aulast=Silvestre&rft.btitle=Universal+Palaeography&rft.date=1850&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Henry+G.+Bohn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn2QWAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dcoptic%2Balphabet%26pg%3DPA123&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Frothingham, A. L., Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fwAoAQAAIAAJ&q=old+italic+greek+alphabet&pg=PA534">Italic Studies</a>. Archaeological News. American Journal of Archaeology. 1891, <b>7</b> (4): 534 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020]</span>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/496497"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 496497</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218163821/https://books.google.com/books?id=fwAoAQAAIAAJ&q=old+italic+greek+alphabet&pg=PA534">存档</a>于18 February 2022）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=Italic+Studies&rft.aufirst=A.+L.%2C+Jr.&rft.aulast=Frothingham&rft.date=1891&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.pages=534&rft.volume=7&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F496497&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfwAoAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dold%2Bitalic%2Bgreek%2Balphabet%26pg%3DPA534&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Steele, Philippa M. (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lv4sDwAAQBAJ&q=old+italic+script+greek&pg=PA96">Understanding Relations Between Scripts: The Aegean Writing Systems</a>. Oxford: Oxbow Books. 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781785706479" title="Special:网络书源/9781785706479"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781785706479</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506235949/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lv4sDwAAQBAJ&q=old+italic+script+greek&pg=PA96">存档</a>于6 May 2021） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.aufirst=Philippa+M.&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.btitle=Understanding+Relations+Between+Scripts%3A+The+Aegean+Writing+Systems&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781785706479&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLv4sDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dold%2Bitalic%2Bscript%2Bgreek%26pg%3DPA96&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fortson, Benjamin W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bSxHgej4tKMC&q=Runic+developed+from+old+italic&pg=PA349">Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction</a> second. John Wiley & Sons. 2010 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2020]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781444359688" title="Special:网络书源/9781444359688"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781444359688</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814142703/https://books.google.com/books?id=bSxHgej4tKMC&q=Runic+developed+from+old+italic&pg=PA349">存档</a>于14 August 2021） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+W.&rft.aulast=Fortson&rft.btitle=Indo-European+Language+and+Culture%3A+An+Introduction&rft.date=2010&rft.edition=second&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781444359688&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbSxHgej4tKMC%26q%3DRunic%2Bdeveloped%2Bfrom%2Bold%2Bitalic%26pg%3DPA349&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0">𐌰</a>. Wiktionary. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2021]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217190612/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0">存档</a>于17 December 2020）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=%F0%90%8C%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wiktionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wiktionary.org%2Fwiki%2F%25F0%2590%258C%25B0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="書籍"><span id=".E6.9B.B8.E7.B1.8D"></span>書籍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：書籍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.cornell.edu/~mec/2003-2004/cryptography/subs/frequencies.html">English Letter Frequency</a>. Math Explorer's Club. Cornell University. 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140422040328/http://www.math.cornell.edu/~mec/2003-2004/cryptography/subs/frequencies.html">存档</a>于22 April 2014） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=English+Letter+Frequency&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Math+Explorer%27s+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.cornell.edu%2F~mec%2F2003-2004%2Fcryptography%2Fsubs%2Ffrequencies.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTrinity_College2006" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070125220315/http://starbase.trincoll.edu/~crypto/resources/LetFreq.html">Percentages of Letter Frequencies per Thousand Words</a>. Trinity College. 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2015]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://starbase.trincoll.edu/~crypto/resources/LetFreq.html">原始内容</a>存档于25 January 2007） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=Percentages+of+Letter+Frequencies+per+Thousand+Words&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trinity+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstarbase.trincoll.edu%2F~crypto%2Fresources%2FLetFreq.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCiani_&_Sheldon2010" class="citation journal">Ciani, Keith D.; Sheldon, Kennon M. A Versus F: The Effects of Implicit Letter Priming on Cognitive Performance. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 2010, <b>80</b> (1): 99–119. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19622200"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 19622200</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1348%2F000709909X466479"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1348/000709909X466479</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=A+Versus+F%3A+The+Effects+of+Implicit+Letter+Priming+on+Cognitive+Performance&rft.au=Sheldon%2C+Kennon+M.&rft.aufirst=Keith+D.&rft.aulast=Ciani&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Educational+Psychology&rft.pages=99-119&rft.volume=80&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1348%2F000709909X466479&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19622200&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Diringer, David. A. Bayer, Patricia (编). Encyclopedia Americana. I: A-Anjou First. Danbury, CT: Grolier. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7172-0133-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7172-0133-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-7172-0133-4</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=A&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Diringer&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=2000&rft.edition=First&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-0133-4&rft.place=Danbury%2C+CT&rft.pub=Grolier&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Gelb, I. J.; Whiting, R. M. A. Ranson, K. Anne (编). Academic American Encyclopedia. I: A–Ang First. Danbury, CT: Grolier. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7172-2068-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7172-2068-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-7172-2068-7</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=A&rft.au=Whiting%2C+R.+M.&rft.aufirst=I.+J.&rft.aulast=Gelb&rft.btitle=Academic+American+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1998&rft.edition=First&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-2068-7&rft.place=Danbury%2C+CT&rft.pub=Grolier&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Hall-Quest, Olga Wilbourne. A. Johnston, Bernard (编). <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="科里爾百科全書">Collier's Encyclopedia</a>. I: A to Ameland First. New York, NY: P.F. Collier. 1997 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=A&rft.aufirst=Olga+Wilbourne&rft.aulast=Hall-Quest&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1997&rft.edition=First&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=P.F.+Collier&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Hoiberg, Dale H. (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency">A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. 1: A-ak–Bayes. Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-59339-837-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-59339-837-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-59339-837-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=A&rft.aufirst=Dale+H.&rft.aulast=Hoiberg&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-59339-837-8&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewencyclopaedia2009ency&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">McCarter, P. Kyle. The Early Diffusion of the Alphabet. The Biblical Archaeologist. 1974, <b>37</b> (3): 54–68. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/3210965"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 3210965</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:126182369"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 126182369</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3210965"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/3210965</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=The+Early+Diffusion+of+the+Alphabet&rft.aufirst=P.+Kyle&rft.aulast=McCarter&rft.date=1974&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=The+Biblical+Archaeologist&rft.pages=54-68&rft.volume=37&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3210965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A126182369&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3210965&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Simpson, J. A.; Weiner, E.S.C. (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic01oxfo">A</a>. The Oxford English Dictionary. I: A–Bazouki 2nd. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1989. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-861213-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-861213-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-19-861213-1</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=A&rft.au=Weiner%2C+E.S.C.&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.date=1989&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861213-1&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordenglishdic01oxfo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=A&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/A?uselang=zh">A</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/A" class="extiw" title="wikt:A">A</a></b>」或「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/a" class="extiw" title="wikt:a">a</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionaryclassic/chapters/pix/alphabet.gif">字母历史</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210410005914/http://members.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionaryclassic/chapters/pix/alphabet.gif">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相關文獻： <ul><li>"<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language/A" class="extiw" title="s:A Dictionary of the English Language/A">A</a>" in <i><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" class="extiw" title="s:A Dictionary of the English Language">A Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/A" class="extiw" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/A">A</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a>. 1879.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=A&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/A" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/A">A</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="大英百科全书"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> (第11版). London. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=A&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1911&rft.edition=%28%E7%AC%AC11%E7%89%88%29&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=London&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/en:The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/A" class="extiw" title="s:en:The New Student's Reference Work/A">A</a>. <a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/en:The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" class="extiw" title="s:en:The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a>. 1914 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=A&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">已忽略未知参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|HIDE_PARAMETER4=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#parameter_ignored" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">已忽略未知参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|HIDE_PARAMETER5=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#parameter_ignored" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">已忽略未知参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|HIDE_PARAMETER7=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#parameter_ignored" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">已忽略未知参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|HIDE_PARAMETER6=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#parameter_ignored" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/A" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/A">A</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="科里爾百科全書">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3AA&rft.atitle=A&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1921&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table class="wikitable latinalphabet nounderlines" style="clear:both;margin:0.2em auto;width:90%;border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO</a>基本<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.75%"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="26" style="font-size:10pt"> <div style="clear:both;background:#efefef;text-align:center"><b>A 的修饰字母</b></div> <div style="text-align:center" lang="und-Latn"><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">Áá</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80" title="À">Àà</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ăă</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ắắ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ằằ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ẵẵ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ẳẳ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Ââ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Ấấ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Ầầ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Ẫẫ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Ẩẩ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ǎ（页面不存在）">Ǎǎ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Åå</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Ǻǻ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%84" title="Ä">Ää</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C7%9E" title="Ǟ">Ǟǟ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">Ãã</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C8%A6" title="Ȧ">Ȧȧ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ǡ（页面不存在）">Ǡǡ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%84" title="Ą">Ąą</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80" title="Ā">Āā</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%89%A4%E7%AC%A6" title="上鉤符">Ảả</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ȁ（页面不存在）">Ȁȁ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CC%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A̋（页面不存在）">A̋a̋</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CC%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A̋（页面不存在）">A̋a̋</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ȃ（页面不存在）">Ȃȃ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ạ">Ạạ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%82" title="Ă">Ặặ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Ậậ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%80" title="Ḁ">Ḁḁ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%C8%BA" title="Ⱥ">Ⱥⱥ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CC%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A̱（页面不存在）">A̱a̱</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᶏ（页面不存在）">ᶏ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%AF" title="Ɐ">Ɐɐ</a></span><span style="float:left;width:2.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%AD" title="Ɑ">Ɑɑ</a></span></div><div style="clear:both;background:#efefef;text-align:center"> <table style="border:0; margin:auto; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef; border:0" colspan="26">以A为首的两个大写字母的缩写 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Aa" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aa">Aa</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ab" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ab">Ab</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ac" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ac">Ac</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ad" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ad">Ad</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ae" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ae">Ae</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Af" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Af">Af</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ag" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ag">Ag</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ah" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ah">Ah</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ai" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ai">Ai</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Aj" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aj">Aj</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ak" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ak">Ak</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Al" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Al">Al</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Am" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Am">Am</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/An" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="An">An</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ao" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ao">Ao</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ap" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ap">Ap</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Aq" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aq">Aq</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ar" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ar">Ar</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/As" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="As">As</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/At" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="At">At</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Au" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Au">Au</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Av" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Av">Av</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Aw" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aw">Aw</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ax" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ax">Ax</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Ay" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ay">Ay</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/Az" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Az">Az</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AA" class="mw-disambig" title="AA">AA</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AB" class="mw-disambig" title="AB">AB</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AC" class="mw-disambig" title="AC">AC</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AD" class="mw-disambig" title="AD">AD</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AE" class="mw-disambig" title="AE">AE</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AF" class="mw-disambig" title="AF">AF</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AG" class="mw-disambig" title="AG">AG</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AH" class="mw-disambig" title="AH">AH</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AI" class="mw-disambig" title="AI">AI</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AJ" class="mw-disambig" title="AJ">AJ</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AK" class="mw-disambig" title="AK">AK</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AL" class="mw-disambig" title="AL">AL</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AM" class="mw-disambig" title="AM">AM</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AN" class="mw-disambig" title="AN">AN</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AO" class="mw-disambig" title="AO">AO</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AP" class="mw-disambig" title="AP">AP</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AQ" class="mw-disambig" title="AQ">AQ</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AR" class="mw-disambig" title="AR">AR</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AS" class="mw-disambig" title="AS">AS</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AT" class="mw-disambig" title="AT">AT</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AU" class="mw-disambig" title="AU">AU</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AV" class="mw-disambig" title="AV">AV</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AW" class="mw-disambig" title="AW">AW</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AX" class="mw-disambig" title="AX">AX</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AY" class="mw-disambig" title="AY">AY</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/AZ" class="mw-disambig" title="AZ">AZ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef; border:0" colspan="26">以A为首的字母+数字的缩写 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td style="border:0"> </td> <td style="border:0">  </td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/A0" class="mw-disambig" title="A0">A0</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/A1" class="mw-disambig" title="A1">A1</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/A2" class="mw-disambig" title="A2">A2</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/A3" class="mw-disambig" title="A3">A3</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/A4" class="mw-disambig" title="A4">A4</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/A5" class="mw-disambig" title="A5">A5</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/A6" class="mw-disambig" title="A6">A6</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/A7" class="mw-disambig" title="A7">A7</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/A8" class="mw-disambig" title="A8">A8</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/A9" class="mw-disambig" title="A9">A9</a> </td> <td style="border:0"> </td> <td style="border:0">  </td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=0A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="0A（页面不存在）">0A</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1A（页面不存在）">1A</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2A（页面不存在）">2A</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/wiki/3A" class="mw-disambig" title="3A">3A</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4A（页面不存在）">4A</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=5A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5A（页面不存在）">5A</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=6A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6A（页面不存在）">6A</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=7A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7A（页面不存在）">7A</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8A（页面不存在）">8A</a></td> <td style="border:0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9A（页面不存在）">9A</a> </td> <td style="border:0"> </td> <td style="border:0">  </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B2" title="拉丁字母發展史">历史</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94" title="中古拉丁文字變體">古文字变体</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97" title="合字">连字</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8D%E7%94%9F%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="衍生拉丁字母">衍生字母</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="附加符号">附加符号</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="标点符号">标点符号</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="罗马数字">数字</a> • <a href="/wiki/Unicode%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="Unicode中的拉丁字母">Unicode</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="拉丁字母列表">字母列表</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Derived_letters_A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Derived letters A"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="拉丁字母派生詞_A,_a" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>派生詞 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">A, a</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: Linen"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母">字母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%80" title="À">Àà</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="À̃（页面不存在）">à̃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">Áá</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Á̃（页面不存在）">á̃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82" title="Â">Ââ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%83" title="Ã">Ãã</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%83%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ã́（页面不存在）">Ã́ã́</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%83%CC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ã̀（页面不存在）">Ã̀ã̀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%83%CC%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ã̂（页面不存在）">Ã̂ã̂</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%83%CC%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ã̌（页面不存在）">Ã̌ã̌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нгбака (язык)（页面不存在）">Ã̍ã̍</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ä (латиница)（页面不存在）">Ää</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ä́（页面不存在）">Ä́ä́</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84%CC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ä̀（页面不存在）">Ä̀ä̀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84%CC%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ä̂（页面不存在）">Ä̂ä̂</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хэн (язык)（页面不存在）">Ä̌ä̌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ä (латиница)（页面不存在）">Ǟǟ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84%CC%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ä̰（页面不存在）">Ä̰ä̰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CC%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A̰（页面不存在）">A̰a̰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81%CC%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Á̰（页面不存在）">Á̰á̰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80%CC%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="À̰（页面不存在）">À̰à̰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā̰（页面不存在）">Ā̰ā̰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%84" title="Ą">Ąą</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą́（页面不存在）">Ą́ą́</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą̀（页面不存在）">Ą̀ą̀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą̂（页面不存在）">Ą̂ą̂</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą̌（页面不存在）">Ą̌ą̌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą̊（页面不存在）">Ą̊ą̊</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą̈（页面不存在）">Ą̈ą̈</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пусяньский язык（页面不存在）">A̤a̤</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Å (латиница)（页面不存在）">Åå</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Å (латиница)（页面不存在）">Ǻǻ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā (латиница)（页面不存在）">Āā</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā́（页面不存在）">Ā́ā́</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā̀（页面不存在）">Ā̀ā̀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Каска (язык)（页面不存在）">Ā̂ā̂</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā̌（页面不存在）">Ā̌ā̌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā̆（页面不存在）">Ā̆ā̆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā̃（页面不存在）">ā̃</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā̊（页面不存在）">Ā̊ā̊</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%82_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ă (латиница)（页面不存在）">Ăă</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ǎ（页面不存在）">Ǎǎ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ǡ（页面不存在）">Ǡǡ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Двойной гравис（页面不存在）">Ȁȁ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Точка сверху（页面不存在）">Ȧȧ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%A6%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ȧ́（页面不存在）">Ȧ́ȧ́</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Саанич（页面不存在）">Ⱥⱥ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кружок снизу（页面不存在）">Ḁḁ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CA%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aʾ（页面不存在）">ẚ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ạ">Ạạ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BA%A0%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ạ́（页面不存在）">Ạ́ạ́</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BA%A0%CC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ạ̀（页面不存在）">Ạ̀ạ̀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BA%A0%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ạ̄（页面不存在）">Ạ̄ạ̄</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BA%A0%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ạ̃（页面不存在）">Ạ̃ạ̃</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%BA%A0%CC%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ạ̈（页面不存在）">Ạ̈ạ̈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BA%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ả">Ảả</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82#Вьетнамский" title="Â">Ấấ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82#Вьетнамский" title="Â">Ầầ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82#Вьетнамский" title="Â">Ẩẩ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82#Вьетнамский" title="Â">Ẫẫ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%82#Вьетнамский" title="Â">Ậậ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%82_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ă (латиница)（页面不存在）">Ắắ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%82_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ă (латиница)（页面不存在）">Ằằ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%82_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ă (латиница)（页面不存在）">Ẳẳ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%82_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ă (латиница)（页面不存在）">Ẵẵ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%82_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ă (латиница)（页面不存在）">Ặặ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A᷑（页面不存在）">a᷑</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81%E1%B7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Á᷑（页面不存在）">á᷑</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80%E1%B7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="À᷑（页面不存在）">à᷑</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%E1%B7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā᷑（页面不存在）">ā᷑</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%E1%B7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A᷆（页面不存在）">A᷆a᷆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Баса (язык)（页面不存在）">A᷇a᷇</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Перевёрнутая A（页面不存在）">Ɐɐ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CC%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A̱（页面不存在）">A̱a̱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81%CC%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Á̱（页面不存在）">Á̱á̱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80%CC%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="À̱（页面不存在）">À̱à̱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82%CC%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Â̱（页面不存在）">Â̱â̱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C7%8D%CC%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ǎ̱（页面不存在）">Ǎ̱ǎ̱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кайова (язык)（页面不存在）">Ā̱ā̱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%B1%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā̱́（页面不存在）">Ā̱́ā̱́</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%B1%CC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā̱̀（页面不存在）">Ā̱̀ā̱̀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кайова (язык)（页面不存在）">Ā̱̂ā̱̂</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85%CC%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Å̱（页面不存在）">Å̱å̱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84%CC%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ä̱（页面不存在）">Ä̱ä̱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CC%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A̲（页面不存在）">A̲a̲</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CC%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A̮（页面不存在）">A̮a̮</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CD%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aͤ（页面不存在）">Aͤaͤ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CD%A4%CC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aͤ̀（页面不存在）">aͤ̀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CD%A4%CC%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aͤ̆（页面不存在）">aͤ̆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CD%A4%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aͤ̃（页面不存在）">aͤ̃</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aͦ（页面不存在）">aͦ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гортанная A（页面不存在）">Ꞻꞻ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ретрофлексный крюк（页面不存在）">ᶏ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%A4%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Устаревшие и нестандартные символы в МФА（页面不存在）">ᴀ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9C%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꜳ（页面不存在）">Ꜳꜳ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9C%B2%CC%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꜳ́（页面不存在）">Ꜳ́ꜳ́</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9C%B2%CC%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꜳ̋（页面不存在）">Ꜳ̋ꜳ̋</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%9C%B2%CC%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ꜳ̇（页面不存在）">Ꜳ̇ꜳ̇</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%86_(%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Æ 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Latin_small_letter_AU_with_diagonal_connecting_stroke.svg/17px-Latin_small_letter_AU_with_diagonal_connecting_stroke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Latin_small_letter_AU_with_diagonal_connecting_stroke.svg/26px-Latin_small_letter_AU_with_diagonal_connecting_stroke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Latin_small_letter_AU_with_diagonal_connecting_stroke.svg/34px-Latin_small_letter_AU_with_diagonal_connecting_stroke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="141" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лигатура (соединение букв)（页面不存在）">Ꜹꜹ</a></li> <li><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Двойной акут（页面不存在）">A̋a̋</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Перевёрнутая кратка（页面不存在）">Ȃȃ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CC%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A̍（页面不存在）">A̍a̍</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą̄（页面不存在）">Ą̄ą̄</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Каска (язык)（页面不存在）">Ą̄́ą̄́</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%84%CC%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą̄̀（页面不存在）">Ą̄̀ą̄̀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Каска (язык)（页面不存在）">Ą̄̂ą̄̂</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Каска (язык)（页面不存在）">Ą̄̌ą̄̌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą̃（页面不存在）">Ą̃ą̃</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хэн (язык)（页面不存在）">Ą̈̀ą̈̀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%84%CC%88%CC%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ą̈̂（页面不存在）">Ą̈̂ą̈̂</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хэн (язык)（页面不存在）">Ą̈̌ą̈̌</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81%CC%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Á̤（页面不存在）">Á̤á̤</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Восточноминьский язык（页面不存在）">À̤à̤</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%82%CC%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Â̤（页面不存在）">Â̤â̤</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%82%CC%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ă̤（页面不存在）">Ă̤ă̤</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80%CC%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ā̤（页面不存在）">Ā̤ā̤</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пусяньский язык（页面不存在）">A̤̍a̤̍</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A%CC%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A̎（页面不存在）">A̎a̎</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Неогублённый гласный переднего ряда нижнего подъёма（页面不存在）">a̟</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/A_%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83" title="A с перекладиной сверху"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Latin_capital_letter_A_with_topbar.svg/12px-Latin_capital_letter_A_with_topbar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Latin_capital_letter_A_with_topbar.svg/18px-Latin_capital_letter_A_with_topbar.svg.png 1.5x, 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<li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/A_%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B9" title="A с петлёй"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Latin_capital_letter_A_with_loop.svg/12px-Latin_capital_letter_A_with_loop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Latin_capital_letter_A_with_loop.svg/18px-Latin_capital_letter_A_with_loop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Latin_capital_letter_A_with_loop.svg/24px-Latin_capital_letter_A_with_loop.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="98" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/A_%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B9" title="A с петлёй"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Latin_small_letter_A_with_loop.svg/7px-Latin_small_letter_A_with_loop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Квантор всеобщности（页面不存在）">∀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Алгебраическое число（页面不存在）">𝔸</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ангстрем（页面不存在）">Å</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)#Табулатурный_ключ" title="Ключ (музыка)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Musical_symbol_tablature_clef.svg/4px-Musical_symbol_tablature_clef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Царская водка（页面不存在）">🜇</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Амальгама（页面不存在）">🝛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="А в круге（页面不存在）">Ⓐⓐ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Обрамлённые буквы и цифры（页面不存在）">⒜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="附加符號">附加符號</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a 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