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id="toc-Setup_and_gameplay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rules</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rules-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rules subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Objective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Objective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Objective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Promotion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promotion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Promotion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promotion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Drops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Check" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Check"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Check</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Check-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>End of the game</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Checkmate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Checkmate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Checkmate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Checkmate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>Resignation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illegal_move" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illegal_move"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.3</span> <span>Illegal move</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illegal_move-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repetition_(draw)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repetition_(draw)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.4</span> <span>Repetition (draw)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repetition_(draw)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impasse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impasse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.5</span> <span>Impasse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impasse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entering_King" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entering_King"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.5.1</span> <span>Entering King</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entering_King-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amateur_resolutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amateur_resolutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.5.2</span> <span>Amateur resolutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amateur_resolutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Draws_in_tournaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Draws_in_tournaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.6</span> <span>Draws in tournaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Draws_in_tournaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Time control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Player_rank_and_handicaps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Player_rank_and_handicaps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Player rank and handicaps</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Player_rank_and_handicaps-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Player rank and handicaps subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Player_rank_and_handicaps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Handicaps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handicaps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Handicaps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handicaps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategy_and_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategy_and_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Strategy and tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategy_and_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etiquette" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etiquette"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Etiquette</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etiquette-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Etiquette subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etiquette-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Game_setup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_setup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Game setup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_setup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furigoma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furigoma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Furigoma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furigoma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tournament_play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tournament_play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tournament play</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tournament_play-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tournament play subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tournament_play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>In Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_shogi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_shogi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Computer shogi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_shogi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shogi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Shōgi – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Shōgi" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A" title="شوغي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شوغي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sy%C3%B4gi" title="Syôgi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Syôgi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Shōgi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shōgi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%B3gi" title="Šógi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šógi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Shōgi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shōgi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Shōgi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shōgi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Σόγκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σόγκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Shōgi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shōgi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cogio" title="Ŝogio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝogio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="شوگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شوگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Shōgi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shōgi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japansk_skaken" title="Japansk skaken – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Japansk skaken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EA%B8%B0" title="쇼기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쇼기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB" title="Սյոգի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սյոգի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C)" title="शोगी (जापानी शतरंज) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शोगी (जापानी शतरंज)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogio" title="Shogio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Shogio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogi" title="Sogi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sogi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Shōgi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Shōgi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Shōgi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shōgi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99" title="שוגי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שוגי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="შოგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შოგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ogis" title="Šogis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šogis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3gi" title="Sógi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sógi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B" title="将棋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="将棋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Shōgi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Shōgi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Сёги – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сёги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%B3gi" title="Šógi – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šógi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="شۆگی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شۆگی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Shōgi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shōgi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogi" title="Shogi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shogi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="หมากรุกญี่ปุ่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หมากรุกญี่ปุ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eogi" title="Şogi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şogi" 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class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Shogi</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_board_pieces_and_komadai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Shogi_board_pieces_and_komadai.jpg/300px-Shogi_board_pieces_and_komadai.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Shogi_board_pieces_and_komadai.jpg/450px-Shogi_board_pieces_and_komadai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Shogi_board_pieces_and_komadai.jpg/600px-Shogi_board_pieces_and_komadai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="832" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A game of shogi (<a href="/wiki/Fortress_opening" title="Fortress opening">Fortress opening</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_game" title="Board game">Board game</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_strategy_game" title="Abstract strategy game">Abstract strategy game</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mind_sport" title="Mind sport">Mind sport</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Players</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Setup time</th><td class="infobox-data">< 2 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Playing time</th><td class="infobox-data">30 mins. to 2 hours (typically)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chance</th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Skills</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shogi_strategy_and_tactics" class="mw-redirect" title="Shogi strategy and tactics">Strategy, tactics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Synonyms</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Japanese chess</li><li>Game of Generals</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shogi</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">将棋</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shōgi</i></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">English: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Japanese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ja-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">[ɕoːɡi]</a></span>)</span>, also known as <b>Japanese chess</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Strategy_game" title="Strategy game">strategy</a> <a href="/wiki/Board_game" title="Board game">board game</a> for two players. It is one of the most popular board games in Japan and is in the same family of games as <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Western chess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaturanga" title="Chaturanga">chaturanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiangqi" title="Xiangqi">xiangqi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_chess" title="Indian chess">Indian chess</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Janggi" title="Janggi">janggi</a>. <i>Shōgi</i> means general's (<i>shō</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">将</span></span>) board game (<i>gi</i> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">棋</span></span>). </p><p>Shogi was the earliest historical chess-related game to allow captured pieces to be returned to the board by the capturing player.<sup id="cite_ref-chessvariants1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chessvariants1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <i>drop rule</i> is speculated to have been invented in the 15th century and possibly connected to the practice of 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Mercenary#15th_to_18th_centuries" title="Mercenary">mercenaries</a> switching loyalties when captured instead of being killed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest predecessor of the game, <a href="/wiki/Chaturanga" title="Chaturanga">chaturanga</a>, originated in India in the 6th century, and the game was likely transmitted to Japan via China or <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> sometime after the <a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EBshogi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBshogi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shogi in its present form was played as early as the 16th century, while a direct ancestor without the drop rule was recorded from 1210 in a historical document <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nich%C5%ABreki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nichūreki (page does not exist)">Nichūreki</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%B4" class="extiw" title="ja:二中歴">ja</a>]</sup></i>, which is an edited copy of <i>Shōchūreki</i> and <i>Kaichūreki</i> from the late <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a> (c. 1120). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_Ban_Koma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Shogi_Ban_Koma.jpg/330px-Shogi_Ban_Koma.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Shogi_Ban_Koma.jpg/495px-Shogi_Ban_Koma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Shogi_Ban_Koma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>A traditional <i>shōgi ban</i> (shogi board) displaying a set of <i>koma</i> (pieces). The pieces on the far side are turned to show their promoted values. The stands on either side are <i>komadai</i> used to hold captured pieces. The board itself is raised for the comfort of players seated on <i>tatami</i> mats (background), and is hollowed underneath to produce a pleasing sound when the pieces are moved.</figcaption></figure> <p>Two players face each other across a board composed of rectangles in a grid of 9 <i>ranks</i> (rows, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">段</span></span>) by 9 <i>files</i> (columns, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">筋</span></span>) yielding an 81-square board.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Japanese they are called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Sente</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">先手</span></span>, "earlier move")</span> and <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Gote</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">後手</span></span>, "later move")</span>, but in English they are conventionally referred to as Black and White, with Black being the first player.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The board is nearly always rectangular, and the rectangles are undifferentiated by marking or color. Pairs of dots mark the players' promotion zones.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each player has a set of 20 flat wedge-shaped pentagonal pieces of slightly different sizes. Except for the kings, opposing pieces are undifferentiated by marking or color. Pieces face <i>forward</i> by having the pointed side of each piece oriented toward the opponent's side – this shows who controls the piece during play. The pieces from largest (most important) to smallest (least important) are: </p> <ul><li>1 <a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">king</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">rook</a></li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishop</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece#G" title="Fairy chess piece">gold generals</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece#K" title="Fairy chess piece">silver generals</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">knights</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece#L" title="Fairy chess piece">lances</a></li> <li>9 <a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawns</a></li></ul> <p>Several of these names were chosen to correspond to their rough equivalents in international chess, and not as literal translations of the Japanese names. </p><p>Each piece has its name written on its surface in the form of two <i><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a> used as <a href="/wiki/Syllabogram" title="Syllabogram">syllabograms</a> or as <a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">logograms</a> to record texts in <a href="/wiki/Old_Japanese" title="Old Japanese">Old Japanese</a>), usually in black ink. On the reverse side of each piece, other than the king and gold general, are one or two other characters, in amateur sets often in a different color (usually red); this side is turned face up during play to indicate that the piece has been promoted. </p><p>In some cases, the backsides of the King pieces (the narrow side which faces back toward the player during normal play) will display kanji containing additional information about the piece manufacturers. </p><p>Following is a table of the pieces with their Japanese representations and English equivalents. The abbreviations are used for game notation and often when referring to the pieces in speech in Japanese. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_Koma_Ryoko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Shogi_Koma_Ryoko.jpg/290px-Shogi_Koma_Ryoko.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Shogi_Koma_Ryoko.jpg/435px-Shogi_Koma_Ryoko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Shogi_Koma_Ryoko.jpg/580px-Shogi_Koma_Ryoko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Closeup of shogi pieces. <i>Top:</i> +R, R, K (reigning), K (challenging), B, +B. <i>Bottom:</i> +L, L, +S, S, G, N, +N, P, +P</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DifferentStyleKoma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/DifferentStyleKoma.jpg/220px-DifferentStyleKoma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/DifferentStyleKoma.jpg/330px-DifferentStyleKoma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/DifferentStyleKoma.jpg/440px-DifferentStyleKoma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1609" data-file-height="1771" /></a><figcaption> Another popular style of shogi pieces different from the usual Japanese characters. Shows a 7-move <a href="/wiki/Tsumeshogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsumeshogi">tsumeshogi</a> problem. White has pawns on 13, 24, 34; king on 23; and a promoted rook on 29. Black has a bishop on 44, a pawn on 17, a lance on 19, and a rook, two golds, and a silver in hand.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurobori_shogi_pieces.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurobori_shogi_pieces.jpg/220px-Kurobori_shogi_pieces.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurobori_shogi_pieces.jpg/330px-Kurobori_shogi_pieces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kurobori_shogi_pieces.jpg/440px-Kurobori_shogi_pieces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2412" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Pieces in the most simplified <i>kurobori</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">黒彫</span></span>)</span> typeface</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi-Set-08_cropRotate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Shogi-Set-08_cropRotate.jpg/220px-Shogi-Set-08_cropRotate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Shogi-Set-08_cropRotate.jpg/330px-Shogi-Set-08_cropRotate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Shogi-Set-08_cropRotate.jpg/440px-Shogi-Set-08_cropRotate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>An example set of "international" pieces. In this set, those pieces that do not have their equivalents in chess have symbols that iconically show their movement (e.g. the silver general's crown and ribbons point towards its possible directions of movement).</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English name </th> <th>Image </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dmaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Rōmaji">Rōmaji</a> </th> <th>Meaning </th> <th colspan="3">Abbreviations </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece#Ralph_Betza's_"funny_notation"" title="Fairy chess piece">Betza notation</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>King<br />(higher ranked player or reigning champion)</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_osho(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shogi_osho%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_osho%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shogi_osho%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_osho%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shogi_osho%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_osho%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">王将</span></span></td> <td><i>ōshō</i></td> <td>king general<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><b>K</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">王</span></span></td> <td><i>ō</i></td> <td>K </td></tr> <tr> <td>King<br />(lower ranked player or challenger)</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_gyokusho(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Shogi_gyokusho%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_gyokusho%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Shogi_gyokusho%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_gyokusho%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Shogi_gyokusho%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_gyokusho%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">玉将</span></span></td> <td><i>gyokushō</i></td> <td>jeweled general</td> <td><b>K</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">玉</span></span></td> <td><i>gyoku</i></td> <td>K </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rook</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_hisha(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shogi_hisha%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_hisha%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shogi_hisha%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_hisha%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shogi_hisha%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_hisha%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">飛車</span></span></td> <td><i>hisha</i></td> <td>flying chariot</td> <td><b>R</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">飛</span></span></td> <td><i>hi</i></td> <td>R </td></tr> <tr> <td>Promoted rook<br />("Dragon")</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_ryuo(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Shogi_ryuo%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_ryuo%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Shogi_ryuo%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_ryuo%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Shogi_ryuo%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_ryuo%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">竜王</span></span></td> <td><i>ryūō</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">dragon</a> king</td> <td><b>+R</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">龍</span></span> or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">竜</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i>ryū</i></td> <td>FR </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bishop</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_kakugyo(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shogi_kakugyo%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_kakugyo%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shogi_kakugyo%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_kakugyo%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shogi_kakugyo%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_kakugyo%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">角行</span></span></td> <td><i>kakugyō</i></td> <td>angle mover</td> <td><b>B</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">角</span></span></td> <td><i>kaku</i></td> <td>B </td></tr> <tr> <td>Promoted bishop<br />("Horse")</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_ryuma(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Shogi_ryuma%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_ryuma%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Shogi_ryuma%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_ryuma%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Shogi_ryuma%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_ryuma%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">竜馬</span></span></td> <td><i>ryūma</i> or <i>ryūme</i></td> <td>dragon horse</td> <td><b>+B</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">馬</span></span></td> <td><i>uma</i></td> <td>WB </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gold general<br />("Gold")</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_kinsho(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Shogi_kinsho%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_kinsho%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Shogi_kinsho%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_kinsho%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Shogi_kinsho%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_kinsho%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">金将</span></span></td> <td><i>kinshō</i></td> <td>gold general</td> <td><b>G</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">金</span></span></td> <td><i>kin</i></td> <td>WfF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Silver general<br />("Silver")</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_ginsho(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Shogi_ginsho%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_ginsho%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Shogi_ginsho%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_ginsho%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Shogi_ginsho%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_ginsho%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">銀将</span></span></td> <td><i>ginshō</i></td> <td>silver general</td> <td><b>S</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">銀</span></span></td> <td><i>gin</i></td> <td>FfW </td></tr> <tr> <td>Promoted silver</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_narigin(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shogi_narigin%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_narigin%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shogi_narigin%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_narigin%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Shogi_narigin%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_narigin%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">成銀</span></span></td> <td><i>narigin</i></td> <td>promoted silver</td> <td><b>+S</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">(全)</span></span></td> <td>—</td> <td>WfF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Knight</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_keima.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shogi_keima.svg/35px-Shogi_keima.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shogi_keima.svg/53px-Shogi_keima.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Shogi_keima.svg/70px-Shogi_keima.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">桂馬</span></span></td> <td><i>keima</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">cassia</a> horse<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><b>N</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">桂</span></span></td> <td><i>kei</i></td> <td>ffN </td></tr> <tr> <td>Promoted knight</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_narikei(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Shogi_narikei%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_narikei%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Shogi_narikei%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_narikei%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Shogi_narikei%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_narikei%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">成桂</span></span></td> <td><i>narikei</i></td> <td>promoted cassia</td> <td><b>+N</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">(圭</span></span> or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">今)</span></span></td> <td>—</td> <td>WfF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lance</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_kyosha(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shogi_kyosha%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_kyosha%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shogi_kyosha%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_kyosha%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shogi_kyosha%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_kyosha%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">香車</span></span></td> <td><i>kyōsha</i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joss_stick" class="mw-redirect" title="Joss stick">incense</a> chariot</td> <td><b>L</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">香</span></span></td> <td><i>kyō</i></td> <td>fR </td></tr> <tr> <td>Promoted lance</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_narikyo(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shogi_narikyo%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_narikyo%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shogi_narikyo%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_narikyo%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shogi_narikyo%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_narikyo%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">成香</span></span></td> <td><i>narikyō</i></td> <td>promoted incense</td> <td><b>+L</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">(杏</span></span> or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仝)</span></span></td> <td>—</td> <td>WfF </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pawn</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_fuhyo(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shogi_fuhyo%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_fuhyo%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shogi_fuhyo%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_fuhyo%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shogi_fuhyo%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_fuhyo%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">歩兵</span></span></td> <td><i>fuhyō</i></td> <td>foot soldier</td> <td><b>P</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">歩</span></span></td> <td><i>fu</i></td> <td>fW </td></tr> <tr> <td>Promoted pawn<br />("tokin")</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_tokin(svg).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Shogi_tokin%28svg%29.svg/35px-Shogi_tokin%28svg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Shogi_tokin%28svg%29.svg/53px-Shogi_tokin%28svg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Shogi_tokin%28svg%29.svg/70px-Shogi_tokin%28svg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">と金</span></span></td> <td><i>tokin</i></td> <td>reaches gold</td> <td><b>+P</b></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">と (</span></span>or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">个)</span></span></td> <td><i>to</i></td> <td>WfF </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>English speakers sometimes refer to promoted bishops as <i>horses</i> and promoted rooks as <i>dragons</i>, after their Japanese names, and generally use the Japanese term <i>tokin</i> for promoted pawns. Silver generals and gold generals are commonly referred to simply as <i>silvers</i> and <i>golds</i>, respectively. </p><p>The characters inscribed on the reverse sides of the pieces to indicate promotion may be in red ink, and are usually cursive. The characters on the backs of the pieces that promote to gold generals are cursive variants of <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">金</span></span> 'gold', becoming more cursive (more abbreviated) as the value of the original piece decreases. These cursive forms have these equivalents in print: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">全</span></span> for promoted silver, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">今</span></span> for promoted knight, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仝</span></span> for promoted lance, and <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">个</span></span> for promoted pawn (tokin). Another typographic convention has abbreviated versions of the original values, with a reduced number of strokes: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">圭</span></span> for a promoted knight <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">(桂)</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">杏</span></span> for a promoted lance <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">(香)</span></span>, and the <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">全</span></span> as above for a promoted silver, but <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">と</span></span> (a <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> symbol for the syllable "to") for <i>tokin</i>. </p><p>The suggestion that the Japanese characters have deterred Western players from learning shogi has led to "<a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Westernized</a>" or "international" pieces which use iconic symbols instead of characters. Most players soon learn to recognize the characters, however, partially because the traditional pieces are already iconic by size, with more powerful pieces being larger. As a result<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, Westernized pieces have never become popular. Bilingual pieces with both Japanese characters and English captions have been developed as have pieces with animal cartoons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Setup_and_gameplay">Setup and gameplay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Setup and gameplay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogiban.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Shogiban.png/350px-Shogiban.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Shogiban.png/525px-Shogiban.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Shogiban.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Shogi starting setup; Black (at bottom) moves first.</figcaption></figure> <p>Each player sets up friendly pieces facing forward (toward the opponent). </p> <ul><li>In the rank nearest the player: <ul><li>The king is placed in the center file;</li> <li>The two gold generals are placed in files adjacent to the king;</li> <li>The two silver generals are placed adjacent to each gold general;</li> <li>The two knights are placed adjacent to each silver general;</li> <li>The two lances are placed in the corners, adjacent to each knight.</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd>That is, the first rank is</dd></dl> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> L </td> <td> N </td> <td> S </td> <td> G </td> <td> K </td> <td> G </td> <td> S </td> <td> N </td> <td> L  </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <dl><dd>Or</dd></dl> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">香</span></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">桂</span></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">銀</span></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">金</span></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">玉</span></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">金</span></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">銀</span></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">桂</span></span></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">香</span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <ul><li>In the second rank, each player places: <ul><li>The bishop in the same file as the left knight;</li> <li>The rook in the same file as the right knight.</li></ul></li> <li>In the third rank, the nine pawns are placed one per file.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Furigoma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Furigoma.jpg/220px-Furigoma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Furigoma.jpg/330px-Furigoma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Furigoma.jpg/440px-Furigoma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Deciding who goes first: <i>Furigoma</i></figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>furigoma</i> 振り駒 'piece toss' is used to decide who moves first. One of the players tosses five pawns. If the number of tokins (promoted pawns, と) facing up is higher than unpromoted pawns (歩), then the player who tossed the pawns plays <i>gote</i> 後手 'white' (that is, getting the second move).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the piece toss <i>furigoma,</i> the game proceeds. If multiple games are played, then players alternate turns for who goes first in subsequent games. (The terms "Black" and "White" are used to differentiate sides although there is no difference in the color of the pieces.) For each turn, a player may either move a piece that is currently on the board (and potentially promote it, capture an opposing piece, or both) or else drop a piece that has been previously captured onto a square of the board. These options are explained below. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules">Rules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Objective">Objective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Objective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The usual goal of a game is for one player to <a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">checkmate</a> the other player's king, winning the game. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movement">Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most shogi pieces can move only to an adjacent square. A few may move across the board, and one jumps over intervening pieces. </p><p>The lance, bishop, and rook are <i>ranging</i> pieces: They can move any number of squares along a straight line limited only by intervening pieces and the edge of the board. If an opposing piece intervenes, it may be captured by removing it from the board and replacing it with the moving piece. If a friendly piece intervenes, the moving piece must stop short of that square; if the friendly piece is adjacent, the moving piece may not move in that direction at all. </p> <div class="floatright"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_king.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Shogi_king.jpg/100px-Shogi_king.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Shogi_king.jpg/150px-Shogi_king.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Shogi_king.jpg/200px-Shogi_king.jpg 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="242" /></a><figcaption>The king</figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○ </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○ </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○ </td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">玉</span></span> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○ </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○ </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_rook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Shogi_rook.jpg/100px-Shogi_rook.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Shogi_rook.jpg/150px-Shogi_rook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Shogi_rook.jpg/200px-Shogi_rook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption>The rook</figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">│ </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">│ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">─ </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">─ </td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">飛</span></span> </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">─ </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">─ </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">| </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">| </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_bishop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shogi_bishop.jpg/100px-Shogi_bishop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shogi_bishop.jpg/150px-Shogi_bishop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Shogi_bishop.jpg/200px-Shogi_bishop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>The bishop</figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">╲</td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">╱ </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╲</td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╱</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">角</span></span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╱</td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╲</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╱</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╲ </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_gold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Shogi_gold.jpg/100px-Shogi_gold.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Shogi_gold.jpg/150px-Shogi_gold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Shogi_gold.jpg/200px-Shogi_gold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="233" /></a><figcaption>The gold general</figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">金</span></span></td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_silver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Shogi_silver.jpg/100px-Shogi_silver.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Shogi_silver.jpg/150px-Shogi_silver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Shogi_silver.jpg/200px-Shogi_silver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption>The silver general</figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">銀</span></span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_knight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shogi_knight.jpg/100px-Shogi_knight.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shogi_knight.jpg/150px-Shogi_knight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shogi_knight.jpg/200px-Shogi_knight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption>The knight</figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0f0b0;">☆</td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0f0b0;">☆</td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">桂</span></span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_lance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Shogi_lance.jpg/100px-Shogi_lance.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Shogi_lance.jpg/150px-Shogi_lance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Shogi_lance.jpg/200px-Shogi_lance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption>The lance</figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px; background:#f0c0c0;">│</td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">│</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">香</span></span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_pawn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Shogi_pawn.jpg/100px-Shogi_pawn.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Shogi_pawn.jpg/150px-Shogi_pawn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Shogi_pawn.jpg/200px-Shogi_pawn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="209" /></a><figcaption>The pawn</figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td> <td style="width:20px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">歩</span></span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#e0e0e0;"><b>Notation</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:20px; text-align:center; background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td>Steps to an adjacent square </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:20px; text-align:center; background:#f0f0b0;">☆</td> <td>Jumps to a non-adjacent square, bypassing any intervening piece </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:20px; text-align:center; background:#f0c0c0;">│</td> <td rowspan="4">Ranges along a straight line, crossing any number of empty squares </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:20px; text-align:center; background:#f0c0c0;">─ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:20px; text-align:center; background:#f0c0c0;">╲ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:20px; text-align:center; background:#f0c0c0;">╱ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>king</b> (玉/王) moves one square in any direction, <a href="/wiki/Orthogonality" title="Orthogonality">orthogonal</a> or diagonal. </p><p>A <b>rook</b> (飛) moves any number of squares in an orthogonal direction. </p><p>A <b>bishop</b> (角) moves any number of squares in a diagonal direction. Because they cannot move orthogonally, the players' unpromoted bishops can reach only half the squares of the board, unless one is captured and then dropped. </p><p>A <b>gold general</b> (金) moves one square orthogonally, or one square diagonally forward, giving it six possible destinations. It cannot move diagonally backwards. </p><p>A <b>silver general</b> (銀) moves one square diagonally, or one square straight forward, giving it five possible destinations. Because an unpromoted silver can retreat more easily than a promoted one, it is common to leave a silver unpromoted at the far side of the board. (See <a href="#Promotion">Promotion</a>). </p><p>A <b>knight</b> (桂) jumps at an angle intermediate to orthogonal and diagonal, amounting to one square straight forward plus one square diagonally forward, in a single move. Thus the knight has two possible forward destinations. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">international chess knights</a>, shogi knights cannot move to the sides or in a backwards direction. The knight is the only piece that ignores intervening pieces on the way to its destination. It is not blocked from moving if the square in front of it is occupied, but neither can it capture a piece on that square. It is often useful to leave a knight unpromoted at the far side of the board. A knight <i>must</i> promote, however, if it reaches either of the two furthest ranks. (See <a href="#Promotion">Promotion</a>.) </p><p>A <b>lance</b> (香) moves just like the rook except it cannot move backwards or to the sides. It is often useful to leave a lance unpromoted at the far side of the board. A lance <i>must</i> promote, however, if it reaches the furthest rank. (See <a href="#Promotion">Promotion</a>.) </p><p>A <b>pawn</b> (歩) moves one square straight forward. It cannot retreat. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">international chess pawns</a>, shogi pawns capture the same way as they move. A pawn <i>must</i> promote if it arrives at the furthest rank. (See <a href="#Promotion">Promotion</a>.) In practice, however, a pawn is usually promoted whenever possible. There are two restrictions on where a pawn may be dropped. (See <a href="#Drops">Drops</a>.) </p><p>All pieces but the knight move either horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. These directions cannot be combined in a single move; one direction must be chosen. </p><p>Every piece blocks the movement of all other non-jumping pieces through the square it occupies. </p><p>If a piece occupies a legal destination for an opposing piece, it may be <i>captured</i> by removing it from the board and replacing it with the opposing piece. The capturing piece may not continue beyond that square on that turn. Shogi pieces capture the same as they move. </p><p>Normally, when moving a piece, a player snaps it to the board with the ends of the fingers of the same hand. This makes a sudden sound effect, bringing the piece to the attention of the opponent. This is also true for capturing and dropping pieces. On a traditional <i>shogi-ban</i>, the pitch of the snap is deeper, delivering a subtler effect. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Promotion">Promotion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Promotion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shogi_diagram" style="width: 220px; float: right; margin-left: 5px; clear: right;"> <div style="width: 220px; margin-bottom: 1px; text-align: center; border: #b0b0b0 1px solid; background-color: #f9f9f9;"> <div><div class="shogiboardwrapper" style="padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="padding:0;font-size:14px"><b>A player's<br />promotion zone (yellow)</b></div><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☖ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">–</span></div><table class="shogitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;padding-top:0;background-color:white"><tbody><tr style="font-size:11px;background-color:#f9f9f9"><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">9</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">8</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">7</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">6</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">5</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">4</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">3</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">2</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">1</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px"> </td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">1</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">2</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_yy22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/20px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/30px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Shogi_yy22.svg/40px-Shogi_yy22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">3</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">4</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">5</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">6</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">7</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">角</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">飛</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">8</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">王</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">9</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☗ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">–</span></div></div></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <p>A player's <i>promotion zone</i> consists of the furthest one-third of the board – the three ranks occupied by the opponent's pieces at setup. The zone is typically delineated on shogi boards by two inscribed dots. When a piece is moved, if part of the piece's path lies within the promotion zone (that is, if the piece moves into, out of, or wholly within the zone; but <i>not</i> if it is dropped into the zone – see <a href="#Drops">Drops</a>), then the player has the option to <i>promote</i> the piece at the end of the turn. Promotion is indicated by turning the piece over after it moves, revealing the character of the promoted piece. </p><p>Promoting a piece is usually not compulsory; however, if a pawn or lance is moved to the furthest rank, or a knight is moved to either of the two furthest ranks, that piece <i>must</i> promote (otherwise, it would have no legal move on subsequent turns). A silver general is never required to promote, and it is often advantageous to keep a silver general unpromoted (it is easier, for example, to extract an unpromoted silver from behind enemy lines: a promoted silver, with only one line of retreat, can be easily blocked.) Rooks, bishops and pawns are almost always promoted, as these pieces do not lose any of their powers upon promotion. </p> <div class="shogi_diagram" style="width: 220px; float: right; margin-left: 5px; clear: right;"> <div style="width: 220px; margin-bottom: 1px; text-align: center; border: #b0b0b0 1px solid; background-color: #f9f9f9;"> <div><div class="shogiboardwrapper" style="padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="padding:0;font-size:14px"><b>Pieces that promote</b></div><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☖ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">–</span></div><table class="shogitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;padding-top:0;background-color:white"><tbody><tr style="font-size:11px;background-color:#f9f9f9"><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">9</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">8</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">7</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">6</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">5</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">4</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">3</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">2</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">1</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px"> </td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">1</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">2</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">3</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">4</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">5</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">6</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">7</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">馬</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">龍</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">8</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">杏</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">圭</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">全</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">全</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">圭</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">杏</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">9</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☗ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">–</span></div></div></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <p>Promoting a piece changes the way it moves. The various pieces promote as follows: </p> <ul><li>A silver general, knight, lance, or pawn has its normal power of movement replaced by that of a gold general.</li> <li>A rook or bishop keeps its original movement and gains the power to move one square in any direction (like a king). For a promoted bishop, this means it is able to reach any square on the board, given enough moves.</li> <li>A king or a gold general does not promote; nor can a piece that is already promoted.</li></ul> <p>When captured, a piece loses its promoted status. Otherwise promotion is permanent. </p><p>A <b>promoted rook</b> (literally <b>dragon king</b> (<span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">龍王</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ryūō</i></span>)</span>); shortended forms: <span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">龍</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ryū</i></span>)</span> and <span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">竜</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ryū</i></span>)</span>) moves as a rook and as a king. It is commonly referred to as <b>dragon</b>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_rook_p.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Shogi_rook_p.jpg/100px-Shogi_rook_p.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Shogi_rook_p.jpg/150px-Shogi_rook_p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Shogi_rook_p.jpg/200px-Shogi_rook_p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="224" /></a><figcaption>The dragon king</figcaption></figure> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px; background:#f0c0c0;">│</td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">│</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">─</td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">─</td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0; color:red;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">龍</span></span></td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">─</td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">─ </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">│</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">│</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>A <b>promoted bishop</b> (literally <b>dragon horse</b> (<span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">龍馬</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ryūma</i></span>)</span>); shortened form <span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">馬</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">uma</i></span>)</span>) moves as a bishop and as a king. It is commonly referred to as <b>horse</b>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_bishop_p.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shogi_bishop_p.jpg/100px-Shogi_bishop_p.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shogi_bishop_p.jpg/150px-Shogi_bishop_p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shogi_bishop_p.jpg/200px-Shogi_bishop_p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption>The dragon horse</figcaption></figure> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td style="width:29px; background:#f0c0c0;">╲</td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px; background:#f0c0c0;">╱ </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╲</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╱</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0; color:red;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">馬</span></span></td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╱</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╲</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╱</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#f0c0c0;">╲ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>A <b>promoted silver</b> (成銀 <i>narigin</i>; alternate forms: 全, cursive 金), a <b>promoted knight</b> (成桂 <i>narikei</i>; alternate forms: 圭, 今, cursive 金), a <b>promoted lance</b> (成香 <i>narikyō</i>; alternate forms: 杏, 仝, cursive 金) and a <b>promoted pawn</b> (と金 <i>tokin</i>; alternate forms: と, 个) all move the same way as a gold general. The promoted pawn is often called by its Japanese name <b>tokin</b>, even by non-Japanese players. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_silver_p.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shogi_silver_p.jpg/100px-Shogi_silver_p.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shogi_silver_p.jpg/150px-Shogi_silver_p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shogi_silver_p.jpg/200px-Shogi_silver_p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="226" /></a><figcaption>The promoted silver</figcaption></figure> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;color:red;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">全</span></span></td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_knight_p.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shogi_knight_p.jpg/100px-Shogi_knight_p.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shogi_knight_p.jpg/150px-Shogi_knight_p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Shogi_knight_p.jpg/200px-Shogi_knight_p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="219" /></a><figcaption>The promoted knight</figcaption></figure> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;color:red;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">圭</span></span></td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_lance_p.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shogi_lance_p.jpg/100px-Shogi_lance_p.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shogi_lance_p.jpg/150px-Shogi_lance_p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Shogi_lance_p.jpg/200px-Shogi_lance_p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="207" /></a><figcaption>The promoted lance</figcaption></figure> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;color:red;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">杏</span></span></td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_pawn_p.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Shogi_pawn_p.jpg/100px-Shogi_pawn_p.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Shogi_pawn_p.jpg/150px-Shogi_pawn_p.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Shogi_pawn_p.jpg 2x" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="206" /></a><figcaption>The promoted pawn</figcaption></figure> </td> <td class="col-break" style="padding-left: 1em;vertical-align: middle;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:107px; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td> <td style="width:29px;"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td style="background:#e0e0e0;color:red;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">と</span></span></td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d0d0f0;">○</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; height:29px;"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drops">Drops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Drops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_S09_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Shogi_S09_3.jpg/220px-Shogi_S09_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Shogi_S09_3.jpg/330px-Shogi_S09_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Shogi_S09_3.jpg/440px-Shogi_S09_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1380" /></a><figcaption>Traditional piece stands for pieces in hand</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_S09_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Shogi_S09_1.jpg/220px-Shogi_S09_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Shogi_S09_1.jpg/330px-Shogi_S09_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Shogi_S09_1.jpg/440px-Shogi_S09_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Piece stands next to shogi board</figcaption></figure> <p>Captured pieces are retained <b>in hand</b> and can be brought back into play under the capturing player's control. The Japanese term for <i>piece(s) in hand</i> is either 持ち駒 <i>mochigoma</i> or 手駒 <i>tegoma.</i> On any turn, instead of moving a piece on the board, a player may select a piece in hand and place it – unpromoted side up and facing the opposing side – on any empty square. The piece is then one of that player's active pieces on the board and can be moved accordingly. This is called <i>dropping</i> the piece, or simply, a <i>drop</i>. A drop counts as a complete move. </p><p>A drop cannot capture a piece, nor does dropping within the promotion zone result in immediate promotion. Capture and/or promotion may occur normally, however, on subsequent moves of the piece. </p><p><b>Restrictions.</b> There are three restrictions on dropping pieces; the last two of these apply only to pawns. </p> <ol><li><b>Piece with No Moves</b> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8D%E6%89%80%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E9%A7%92" class="extiw" title="ja:行き所のない駒">行き所のない駒</a></span> <i>ikidokorononaikoma</i>): Pawns, lances and knights may not be dropped onto the last (9th) rank, and knights may not be dropped onto the penultimate (8th) rank; this is because such dropped pieces would have no legal moves on subsequent turns (as they can only move in the forward direction).</li> <li><b>Two Pawns</b> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%A9" class="extiw" title="ja:二歩">二歩</a></span> <i>nifu</i>): A pawn may not be dropped onto a file (column) containing another unpromoted pawn of the same player (promoted pawns do not count).</li> <li><b>Drop Pawn Mate</b> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%93%E3%81%A1%E6%AD%A9%E8%A9%B0%E3%82%81" class="extiw" title="ja:打ち歩詰め">打ち歩詰め</a></span> <i>uchifuzume</i>): A pawn may not be dropped to give an immediate <a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">checkmate</a>. (This rule only applies specifically to pawns, drops <i>and</i> checkmates − to clarify, a player <i>may</i> deliver an immediate checkmate by dropping a non-pawn piece, a player <i>may</i> checkmate a king with a pawn that is already on the board, and a pawn <i>may</i> be dropped to give an immediate <a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">check</a> as long as it does not also result in checkmate.)</li></ol> <p>A corollary of the second restriction is that a player with an unpromoted pawn on every file is unable to drop a pawn anywhere. For this reason, it is common to sacrifice a pawn in order to gain flexibility for drops. </p><p>Captured pieces are typically kept on a wooden stand (駒台 <i>komadai)</i> which is traditionally placed so that its bottom-left corner aligns with the bottom-right corner of the board from the perspective of each player. It is not permissible to hide pieces from full view. </p><p>It is common for players to swap bishops, which oppose each other across the board, early in the game. This leaves each player with a bishop in hand to be dropped later. The ability for drops in shogi gives the game tactical richness and complexity. The fact that no piece ever goes entirely out of play accounts for the rarity of draws. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Check">Check</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Check"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a player's move threatens to capture the opposing king on the next turn, the move is said to <i>give check</i> to the king and the king is said to be <i>in check.</i> If a player's king is in check, that player's responding move must remove the check.<sup id="cite_ref-shogi2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shogi2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ways to remove a check include moving the king away from the threat, capturing the threatening piece, or placing another interposing piece between the king and the threatening piece. </p><p>To announce check in Japanese, one can say <i>ōte</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">王手</span></span>), however, this is an influence of international chess and is not required, even as a courtesy.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may be common to announce <i>ōte</i> in beginner matches or for local rules to dictate that you have to announce it.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Announcing a check vocally is unheard of in competitive tournaments.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_game">End of the game</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: End of the game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The usual way for shogi games to end is for one side to checkmate the other side's king, after which the losing player will be given the opportunity to admit defeat. Unlike western chess or xiangqi, checkmate is almost always the result in shogi since pieces never retire from play, which gives the players a sufficient number of pieces to deliver checkmate. That said, there are three other possible ways for a game to end: <i>repetition</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">千日手</span></span> <i>sennichite</i>), <i>impasse</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">持将棋</span></span> <i>jishōgi</i>), and an <i>illegal move</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">反則手</span></span> <i>hansokute</i>). The first two – repetition and impasse – are particularly uncommon. Illegal moves are also uncommon in professional games although this may not be true with amateur players (especially beginners). </p><p>Unlike western chess, there is no tradition of offering a mutual <a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">draw by agreement</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Game End </th> <th>Win State </th></tr> <tr> <td>Checkmate</td> <td>Loss </td></tr> <tr> <td>Resignation</td> <td>Loss </td></tr> <tr> <td>Illegal move</td> <td>Loss </td></tr> <tr> <td>Repetition</td> <td>Draw </td></tr> <tr> <td>Impasse</td> <td>Draw (usually) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Time forfeit</td> <td>Loss </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Checkmate">Checkmate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Checkmate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shogi_diagram" style="width: 220px; float: right; margin-left: 5px; clear: right;"> <div style="width: 220px; margin-bottom: 1px; text-align: center; border: #b0b0b0 1px solid; background-color: #f9f9f9;"> <div><div class="shogiboardwrapper" style="padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="padding:0;font-size:14px"><b>Checkmate by Black</b></div><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☖ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">–</span></div><table class="shogitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;padding-top:0;background-color:white"><tbody><tr style="font-size:11px;background-color:#f9f9f9"><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">9</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">8</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">7</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">6</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">5</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">4</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">3</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">2</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">1</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px"> </td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">王</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">1</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family: HiraginoSans-W5, sans-serif;font-weight:bolder">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">2</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">3</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">角</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">4</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">5</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">6</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">7</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">8</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">9</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☗ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">–</span></div></div></div> <div><small>The most common basic checkmating patterns involve golds. This mating move is called "Gold on the Head." It is the solution to the most basic of mating problems.</small></div> </div> </div> <p>If the king is in check and there is no possible move which could protect the king, the move is said to <i><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">checkmate</a></i> (<i>tsumi</i> 詰み) the king. Checkmate effectively means that the opponent wins the game as the player would have no remaining legal moves.<sup id="cite_ref-shogi2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shogi2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See also: <a href="/wiki/Tsumeshogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsumeshogi">tsumeshogi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hisshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisshi">hisshi</a>.) </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Resignation">Resignation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Resignation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The losing player will usually resign when the situation is thought to be hopeless and may declare the resignation at any time during their turn. Although a player may resign just after they are checkmated, playing up to the checkmate point rarely occurs in practice as players normally resign as soon as a loss is deemed inevitable. Similarly, if a player were to lose in an Entering King situation (see section below) by having less than 24 points (or by any of the other Impasse rules used by amateurs), then the player will usually resign before that point. </p><p>In traditional tournament play, a formal resignation is required – that is, a checkmate is not a sufficient condition for winning.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resignation is indicated by bowing and/or saying 'I lost' (負けました <i>makemashita</i>) and/or placing the right hand over the piece stands. Placing the hand over the piece stand is a vestige of an older practice of gently dropping one's pieces in hand over the board in order to indicate resignation. In western practice, a handshake may be used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Illegal_move">Illegal move</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Illegal move"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In professional and serious (tournament) amateur games, a player who makes an illegal move loses immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loss stands even if play continued and the move was discovered later in game. However, if neither the opponent nor a third party points out the illegal move and the opponent later resigned, the resignation stands as the result. </p><p>Illegal moves include: </p> <div class="shogi_diagram" style="width: 220px; float: right; margin-left: 5px; clear: right;"> <div style="width: 220px; margin-bottom: 1px; text-align: center; border: #b0b0b0 1px solid; background-color: #f9f9f9;"> <div><div class="shogiboardwrapper" style="padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="padding:0;font-size:14px"><b>Toyokawa's televised Two Pawns</b></div><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☖ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">角桂歩歩</span></div><table class="shogitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;padding-top:0;background-color:white"><tbody><tr style="font-size:11px;background-color:#f9f9f9"><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">9</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">8</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">7</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">6</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">5</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">4</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">3</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">2</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">1</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px"> </td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">龍</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">1</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">王</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">2</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">3</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">4</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">5</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">6</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">圭</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">7</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">玉</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">角</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">龍</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">8</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family: HiraginoSans-W5, sans-serif;font-weight:bolder">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">9</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☗ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">金歩歩</span></div></div></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <ul><li>Violating the <i>Two Pawns</i> (<i>nifu</i>) restriction (See <a href="#Drops">§Drops</a> above.)</li> <li>Violating the <i>Drop Pawn Mate</i> (<i>uchifuzume</i>) restriction</li> <li>Dropping or moving a piece to position where it cannot move (such as dropping a knight to an opponent's last two ranks, etc.)</li> <li>Dropping a piece with its promoted value</li> <li>Playing out of turn, e.g. making more than one move or white moving first instead of moving second.</li> <li>Making <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">perpetual check</a> four times (cf. <i><a href="/wiki/Sennichite" title="Sennichite">sennichite</a></i>)</li> <li>Leaving one's king in check, or moving one's king into check</li> <li>Moving a piece contrary to how its movements are defined (for example, moving a gold like a silver, or moving an unpromoted bishop off its legal diagonal)</li></ul> <p>In friendly amateur games, this rule is sometimes relaxed, and the player may be able to take back the illegal move and replay a new legal move.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In particular, the Two Pawn violation is the most common illegal move played by professional players. The Two Pawn violation played by <a href="/wiki/Takahiro_Toyokawa" title="Takahiro Toyokawa">Takahiro Toyokawa</a> (against <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dsuke_Tamura" title="Kōsuke Tamura">Kōsuke Tamura</a>) in the 2004 <a href="/wiki/NHK_Cup_(shogi)" title="NHK Cup (shogi)">NHK Cup</a> is infamous since it was broadcast on television. On the 109th move, Toyokawa (playing as Black) dropped a pawn to the 29 square while he already had a pawn in play on the board on the 23 square and, thus, lost the game.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Repetition_(draw)"><span id="Repetition_.28draw.29"></span>Repetition (draw)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Repetition (draw)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sennichite" title="Sennichite">Sennichite</a></div> <p>If the same game position occurs four times with the same player to move and the same pieces in hand for each player, then the game ends in a <b>repetition draw</b> (千日手 <i>sennichite,</i> lit. "moves for a thousand days"), as long as the positions are not due to <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">perpetual check</a>. Perpetual check (連続王手の千日手) is an illegal move (see above), which ends the game in a loss in tournament play. </p><p>In professional shogi, a repetition draw outcome is not a final result as draws essentially do not count. Each game can only end in either a win or loss.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of a repetition draw, professional shogi players will have to immediately play a subsequent game (or as many games as necessary) with sides reversed in order to obtain a true win outcome. (That is, the player who was White becomes Black, and vice versa.) Also, depending on the tournament, professional players play the subsequent game in the remainder of the allowed game time. </p><p>Thus, aiming for a repetition draw may be a possible professional strategy for the White player in order to play the second replay game as Black, which has a slight statistical advantage and/or greater initiative. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Exchange_Fourth_File_Rook" title="Bishop Exchange Fourth File Rook">Bishop Exchange Fourth File Rook</a> is a passive strategy for White with the goal of a repetition draw (as it requires two tempo losses – swinging the rook and trading the bishops) while it is a very aggressive strategy if played by Black. </p><p>Repetition draws are rare in professional shogi occurring in about 1–2% of games and even rarer in amateur games. In professional shogi, repetition draws usually occur in the opening as certain positions are reached that are theoretically disadvantaged for both sides (<a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_zugzwang" class="mw-redirect" title="Reciprocal zugzwang">reciprocal zugzwang</a>). In amateur shogi, repetition draws tend to occur in the middle or endgame as a result of player errors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Impasse">Impasse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Impasse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The game reaches an <b>Impasse</b> or <b>Deadlock</b> (持将棋 <i>jishōgi</i>) if both kings have advanced into their respective promotion zones – a situation known as 相入玉 (<i>ai-nyū gyoku</i> "double entering kings") – and neither player can hope to mate the other or to gain any further material. An Impasse can result in either a win or a draw. If an Impasse happens, the winner is decided as follows: each player agrees to an Impasse, then each rook or bishop, promoted or not, scores 5 points for the owning player, and all other pieces except kings score 1 point each. A player scoring fewer than 24 points loses. (Note that in the start position, both players have 27 points each.) If neither player has fewer than 24, the game is no contest – a draw. In professional shogi, an Impasse result is always a draw since a player that cannot obtain the 24 points will simply resign. <i>Jishōgi</i> is considered an outcome in its own right rather than no contest, but there is no practical difference. As an Impasse needs to be agreed on for the rule to be invoked, a player may refuse to do so and attempt to win the game in future moves. If that happens, there is no official rule about the verdict of the game.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in amateur shogi, there are different practices most of which force a win resolution to the Impasse in order to avoid a draw result. </p><p>The first draw by Impasse occurred in 1731 in a <a href="/wiki/Handicap_(shogi)" title="Handicap (shogi)">bishop handicap game</a> between the seventh <a href="/wiki/Lifetime_Meijin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifetime Meijin">Lifetime Meijin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C5%8Dkan_It%C5%8D_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sōkan Itō II (page does not exist)">Sōkan Itō II</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%97%A4%E5%AE%97%E7%9C%8B_(3%E4%BB%A3)" class="extiw" title="ja:伊藤宗看 (3代)">ja</a>]</sup>, and his brother, Sōkei Ōhashi.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Entering_King">Entering King</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Entering King"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shogi_diagram" style="width: 220px; float: right; margin-left: 5px; clear: right;"> <div style="width: 220px; margin-bottom: 1px; text-align: center; border: #b0b0b0 1px solid; background-color: #f9f9f9;"> <div><div class="shogiboardwrapper" style="padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="padding:0;font-size:14px"><b>Black's king in an Entering King state</b></div><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☖ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">角銀桂香</span></div><table class="shogitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;padding-top:0;background-color:white"><tbody><tr style="font-size:11px;background-color:#f9f9f9"><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">9</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">8</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">7</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">6</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">5</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">4</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">3</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">2</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">1</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px"> </td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">王</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">玉</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">1</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">馬</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">2</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">3</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">4</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">飛</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">飛</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">5</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">6</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">7</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">8</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">9</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☗ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">金銀桂香</span></div></div></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <p>As a practical matter, when an opponent's king has entered a player's own territory especially with supporting defending pieces, the opponent's king is often very difficult to mate given the forward attacking nature of most shogi pieces. This state is referred to as <b>entering king</b> (入玉 <i>nyū gyoku</i>). If both players' kings are in entering king states, the game becomes more likely to result in an impasse. </p><p>In the adjacent diagram example, although White's king is in a strong <a href="/wiki/Bear-in-the-hole_castle" title="Bear-in-the-hole castle">Bear-in-the-hole castle</a>, Black's king has entered White's territory making it very difficult to mate. Therefore, this position favors Black.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="floatright col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="shogi_diagram" style="width: 220px;"> <div style="width: 220px; margin-bottom: 1px; text-align: center; border: #b0b0b0 1px solid; background-color: #f9f9f9;"> <div><div class="shogiboardwrapper" style="padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="padding:0;font-size:14px"><b>Kimura vs Toyoshima 2019</b></div><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☖ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">桂<sub>1</sub> 歩<sub>4</sub></span></div><table class="shogitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;padding-top:0;background-color:white"><tbody><tr style="font-size:11px;background-color:#f9f9f9"><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">9</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">8</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">7</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">6</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">5</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">4</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">3</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">2</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">1</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px"> </td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">馬</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">馬</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">1</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">2</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">3</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">龍</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">4</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">5</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_dah22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shogi_dah22.svg/20px-Shogi_dah22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shogi_dah22.svg/30px-Shogi_dah22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shogi_dah22.svg/40px-Shogi_dah22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">6</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family: HiraginoSans-W5, sans-serif;transform:rotate(180deg);font-weight:bolder">王</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">7</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">玉</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">全</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">8</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">飛</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">杏</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">9</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☗ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">香<sub>2</sub> 歩<sub>2</sub></span></div></div></div> <div>After 150 moves.</div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="shogi_diagram" style="width: 220px;"> <div style="width: 220px; margin-bottom: 1px; text-align: center; border: #b0b0b0 1px solid; background-color: #f9f9f9;"> <div><div class="shogiboardwrapper" style="padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="padding:0;font-size:14px"><b>Kimura vs Toyoshima 2019</b></div><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☖ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">金<sub>1</sub> 銀<sub>1</sub> 桂<sub>2</sub> 歩<sub>3</sub></span></div><table class="shogitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;padding-top:0;background-color:white"><tbody><tr style="font-size:11px;background-color:#f9f9f9"><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">9</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">8</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">7</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">6</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">5</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">4</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">3</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">2</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">1</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px"> </td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">馬</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">1</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">玉</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">馬</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">2</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family: HiraginoSans-W5, sans-serif;font-weight:bolder">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">龍</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">3</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_uah22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shogi_uah22.svg/20px-Shogi_uah22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shogi_uah22.svg/30px-Shogi_uah22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Shogi_uah22.svg/40px-Shogi_uah22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">4</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">龍</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">5</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">6</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">7</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">全</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">香</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">8</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">杏</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">王</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">9</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☗ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">銀<sub>1</sub> 桂<sub>2</sub> 香<sub>1</sub> 歩<sub>9</sub></span></div></div></div> <div>After 285 moves.</div> </div> </div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>An example of Entering King occurred in the fourth game of the 60th <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ci_(shogi)" title="Ōi (shogi)">Ōi</a> title match between <a href="/wiki/Masayuki_Toyoshima" title="Masayuki Toyoshima">Masayuki Toyoshima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kazuki_Kimura" title="Kazuki Kimura">Kazuki Kimura</a> held on August 20–21, 2019. After being unsuccessful in attacking Kimura and also in defending his own king within his camp, Toyoshima (playing as White) moved his king away from Kimura's attacking pieces by fleeing up the second file, ultimately entering his king into Kimura's camp by move 150. Although Toyoshima had achieved Entering King, he still had only 23 points—one point shy of the required 24 points for an <a href="#Impasse">Impasse</a> draw—while Kimura (Black) had 31 points. Toyoshima then spent the next 134 moves trying to bring his point total, which fluctuated between 17 and 23, up to the necessary 24. By the 231st move, the game had reached a Double Entering Kings state, and by move 285 Kimura had successfully kept Toyoshima's point total at bay. Here, Toyoshima with 20 points (and Kimura at 34 points) resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Incidentally, this game broke the record of longest game in a title match.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Amateur_resolutions">Amateur resolutions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Amateur resolutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For amateur games, there are various guidances with little standardization. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fairbairn_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fairbairn (writer) (page does not exist)">Fairbairn</a> reports a practice in the 1980s (considered a rule by the now defunct Shogi Association for The West) where the dispute is resolved by either player moving all friendly pieces into the promotion zone and then the game ends with points tallied.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another resolution is the 27-Point (27点法) rule used for some amateur tournaments.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One version of this is simply the player who has 27 or more points is the winner of the Impasse. Another version is a 27-Point Declaration rule. For instance, the Declaration rule on the online shogi site, <a href="/wiki/81Dojo" title="81Dojo">81Dojo</a>, is that the player who wants to declare an Impasse win must (i) declare an intention to win via Impasse, (ii) have the king in the enemy camp (the promotion zone for that player), (iii) 10 other pieces must be in the promotion zone, (iv) not be in check, (v) have time remaining, and (vi) must have 28 points if Black or 27 points if White. If all of these conditions are met, then the Impasse declarer will win the game regardless of whether the opponent objects.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yet another resolution to Impasse is the so-called Try Rule (トライルール <i>torairūru</i>). In this case, after both kings have entered their corresponding promotion zones, then the player who first moves the king to the opponent's king's start square (51 for Black, 59 for White) first will be the winner.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an example, the popular <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" class="extiw" title="ja:将棋ウォーズ">将棋ウォーズ</a> (Shogi Wars) app by <a href="/w/index.php?title=HEROZ_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HEROZ Inc. (page does not exist)">HEROZ Inc.</a> used the Try Rule up until 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Now the app uses a variant of the 27-Point Declaration Rule – although it differs from the variant used on the 81Dojo site.) The idea of the "Try Rule" was taken from <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby football</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Try_(rugby)" title="Try (rugby)">Try (rugby)</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Draws_in_tournaments">Draws in tournaments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Draws in tournaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shogi_diagram" style="width: 220px; float: right; margin-left: 5px; clear: right;"> <div style="width: 220px; margin-bottom: 1px; text-align: center; border: #b0b0b0 1px solid; background-color: #f9f9f9;"> <div><div class="shogiboardwrapper" style="padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="padding:0;font-size:14px"><b>Impasse position of Katoh vs Nakahara 1982</b></div><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☖ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">銀<sub>1</sub> 桂<sub>2</sub> 香<sub>2</sub> 歩<sub>7</sub></span></div><table class="shogitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;padding-top:0;background-color:white"><tbody><tr style="font-size:11px;background-color:#f9f9f9"><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">9</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">8</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">7</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">6</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">5</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">4</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">3</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">2</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">1</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px"> </td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">杏</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">1</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">玉</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">龍</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">2</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">馬</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">3</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">4</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;color:#E00303">馬</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">5</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;font-size:1px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_rah22.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Shogi_rah22.svg/20px-Shogi_rah22.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Shogi_rah22.svg/30px-Shogi_rah22.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Shogi_rah22.svg/40px-Shogi_rah22.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family: HiraginoSans-W5, sans-serif;color:#E00303;font-weight:bolder">圭</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">6</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">と</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">全</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">7</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">王</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">8</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">龍</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg);color:#E00303">圭</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">9</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☗ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">金<sub>1</sub> 銀<sub>1</sub> 歩<sub>6</sub></span></div></div></div> <div><small> Katoh played +N-36, and Nakahara then agreed to a draw via impasse. Katoh has 29 points, Nakahara 25 points.</small></div> </div> </div> <p>In professional tournaments, the rules typically require drawn games to be replayed with sides reversed, possibly with reduced time limits. They are rare compared to <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xiangqi" title="Xiangqi">xiangqi</a>, occurring at a rate of 1–2% even in amateur games. </p><p>The 1982 <a href="/wiki/Meijin_(shogi)" title="Meijin (shogi)"><i>Meijin</i> title match</a> between <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Nakahara" title="Makoto Nakahara">Makoto Nakahara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hifumi_Katoh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hifumi Katoh">Hifumi Katoh</a> was unusual in this regard with an impasse draw in the first (<a href="/wiki/Double_Fortress" title="Double Fortress">Double Fortress</a>) game on April 13–14 (only the fifth draw in the then 40-year history of the tournament). This game (with Katoh as Black) lasted for 223 moves with 114 minutes spent pondering a single move. One of the reasons for the length of this game was that White (Nakahara) was very close to falling below the minimum of 24 points required for a draw. Thus, the end of the endgame was strategically about trying to keep White's points above the 24-point threshold.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this match, <i>sennichite</i> occurred in the sixth and eighth games. Thus, this best-of-seven match lasted eight games and took over three months to finish; Black did not lose a single game and the eventual victor was Katoh at 4–3. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_control">Time control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Time control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Professional games are timed as in international chess, but <a href="/wiki/Professional_shogi_players" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional shogi players">professional shogi players</a> are almost never expected to keep time in their games. Instead a timekeeper is assigned, typically an apprentice professional. Time limits are much longer than in international chess (9 hours a side plus extra time in the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Meijin_(shogi)" title="Meijin (shogi)"><i>Meijin</i> title match</a>), and in addition <i>byōyomi</i> (literally "second counting") is employed. This means that when the ordinary time has run out, the player will from that point on have a certain amount of time to complete every move (a <i>byōyomi</i> period), typically upwards of one minute. The final ten seconds are counted down, and if the time expires the player to move loses the game immediately. Amateurs often play with electronic clocks that beep out the final ten seconds of a <i>byōyomi</i> period, with a prolonged beep for the last five. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Player_rank_and_handicaps">Player rank and handicaps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Player rank and handicaps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Professional_shogi_player#Ranking" title="Professional shogi player">Professional shogi player § Ranking</a></div> <p>Amateur players are ranked from 15 <i><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%AB" title="Kyū">kyū</a></i> to 1 kyū and then from 1 <i><a href="/wiki/Dan_(rank)" title="Dan (rank)">dan</a></i> to 8 dan. Amateur 8 dan was previously only honorarily given to famous people. While it is now possible to win amateur 8 dan by actual strength (winning amateur Ryu-oh 3 times), this has yet to be achieved. </p><p>Professional players operate with their own scale, from 6 kyū to 3 dan for pro-aspiring players and professional 4 dan to 9 dan for formal professional players.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amateur and professional ranks are offset (with amateur 4 dan being equivalent to professional 6 kyū).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handicaps">Handicaps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Handicaps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Handicap_(shogi)" title="Handicap (shogi)">Handicap (shogi)</a></div> <div class="shogi_diagram" style="width: 220px; float: right; margin-left: 5px; clear: right;"> <div style="width: 220px; margin-bottom: 1px; text-align: center; border: #b0b0b0 1px solid; background-color: #f9f9f9;"> <div><div class="shogiboardwrapper" style="padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="padding:0;font-size:14px"><b>6-Piece Handicap</b></div><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☖ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">–</span></div><table class="shogitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;padding-top:0;background-color:white"><tbody><tr style="font-size:11px;background-color:#f9f9f9"><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">9</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">8</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">7</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">6</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">5</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">4</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">3</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">2</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">1</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px"> </td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">王</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">1</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">2</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">3</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">4</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">5</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">6</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">7</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">角</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">飛</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">8</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">玉</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">9</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☗ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">–</span></div></div></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <p>Shogi has a handicap system (like <a href="/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">go</a>) in which games between players of disparate strengths are adjusted so that the stronger player is put in a more disadvantageous position in order to compensate for the difference in playing levels. In a <a href="/wiki/Handicap_(shogi)" title="Handicap (shogi)">handicap game</a>, one or more of White's pieces are removed from the setup, and instead White plays first. </p><p>The imbalance created by this method of handicapping is not as strong as it is in <a href="/wiki/Handicap_(chess)" title="Handicap (chess)">western chess</a> because material advantage is not as powerful in shogi. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notation">Notation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shogi_notation" title="Shogi notation">Shogi notation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISF6_final.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/ISF6_final.jpg/220px-ISF6_final.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/ISF6_final.jpg/330px-ISF6_final.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/ISF6_final.jpg/440px-ISF6_final.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1493" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>A shogi game record</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two common systems used to notate piece movements in shogi game records. One is used in Japanese language texts while a second was created for western players by George Hodges and Glyndon Townhill in the English language. This system was updated by Hosking to be closer to the Japanese standard (two numerals).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking199720–21_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosking199720–21-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking1997263–265_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosking1997263–265-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other systems are used to notate shogi board positions. Unlike chess, the origin (11 square) is at the top right of a printed position rather than the bottom left. </p><p>In western piece movement notation, the format is the piece initial followed by the type of movement and finally the file and rank where the piece moved to. The piece initials are K (King), R (Rook), B (Bishop), G (Gold), S (Silver), N (Knight), L (Lance), and P (Pawn). Simple movement is indicated with <b>-</b>, captures with <b>x</b>, and piece drops with <b>*</b>. The files are indicated with numerals 1–9. The older Hodges standard used letters a–i for ranks, and the newer Hosking standard also uses numerals 1–9 for the ranks. Thus, <b>Rx24</b> indicates 'rook captures on 24'. Promoted pieces are notated with <b>+</b> prefixed to the piece initial (e.g. <b>+Rx24</b>). Piece promotion is also indicated with <b>+</b> (e.g. <b>S-21+</b>) while unpromotion is indicated with <b>=</b> (e.g. <b>S-21=</b>). Piece ambiguity is resolved by notating which square a piece is moving from (e.g. <b>N65-53+</b> means 'knight from 65 moves to 53 and promotes,' which distinguishes it from <b>N45-53+</b>). </p><p>The Japanese notation system uses Japanese characters for pieces and promotion indication and uses Japanese numerals instead of letters for ranks. Movement type aside from drops is not indicated, and the conventions for resolving ambiguity are quite different from the western system. As examples, the western Rx24 would be <b><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">2四飛</span></span></b> in Japanese notation, +Rx24 would be <b><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">2四龍</span></span></b>, S-21+ would be <b><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">2一銀成</span></span></b>, S-21= would be <b><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">2一銀不成</span></span></b>, and N65-53+ would be <b><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">5三桂左成</span></span></b> showing that the leftmost knight jumped (implicitly from the 65 square), which distinguishes it from <b><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">5三桂右成</span></span></b> in which the rightmost knight jumped. </p><p>Although not strictly part of the notational calculus for games, game results are indicated in Japanese newspapers, websites, etc. with wins indicated by a white circle and losses indicated by a black circle. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategy_and_tactics">Strategy and tactics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Strategy and tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shogi_strategy_and_tactics" class="mw-redirect" title="Shogi strategy and tactics">Shogi strategy and tactics</a></div> <div class="shogi_diagram" style="width: 220px; float: right; margin-left: 5px; clear: right;"> <div style="width: 220px; margin-bottom: 1px; text-align: center; border: #b0b0b0 1px solid; background-color: #f9f9f9;"> <div><div class="shogiboardwrapper" style="padding-left:4px;padding-bottom:2px"><div style="padding:0;font-size:14px"><b>Ranging Rook vs Static Rook</b></div><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☖ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">–</span></div><table class="shogitable" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;padding-top:0;background-color:white"><tbody><tr style="font-size:11px;background-color:#f9f9f9"><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">9</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">8</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">7</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">6</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">5</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">4</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">3</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">2</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px">1</td><td style="border:none;width:20px;height:5px"> </td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">王</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">1</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">飛</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">香</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">2</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">角</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">3</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif;transform:rotate(180deg)">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">4</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">5</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">6</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">歩</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">銀</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">7</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">角</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">飛</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">金</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">玉</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">8</td></tr><tr style="font-size:17px"><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif"> </td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">桂</td><td style="border:black 1px solid;width:20px;height:20px;padding:0;line-height:0;font-family:"Hiragino Mincho ProN", serif">香</td><td style="border:none;font-size:11px;padding-left:1px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9">9</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="padding:0;font-size:12px">☗ pieces in hand: <span style="font-size:13px">–</span></div></div></div> <div>Bear-in-the-hole Static Rook position</div> </div> </div> <p>Shogi is similar to chess but has a much larger <a href="/wiki/Game_tree_complexity" class="mw-redirect" title="Game tree complexity">game tree complexity</a> because of the use of drops, greater number of pieces, and larger board size.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In comparison, shogi games average about 140 (half-)moves per game (or 70 chess move-pairs) whereas chess games average about 80 moves per game (or 40 chess move-pairs) and <a href="/wiki/Minishogi" title="Minishogi">minishogi</a> averages about 40 moves per game (or 20 chess move-pairs).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like chess, however, the game can be divided into the opening, middle game and endgame, each requiring a different strategy. The <a href="/wiki/Shogi_opening" title="Shogi opening">opening</a> consists of arranging one's defenses usually in a <a href="/wiki/Castle_(shogi)" title="Castle (shogi)">castle</a> and positioning for attack; the mid game consists of attempting to break through the opposing defenses while maintaining one's own; and the endgame starts when one side's defenses have been compromised. </p><p>In the adjacent diagram, Black has chosen a <a href="/wiki/Ranging_Rook" title="Ranging Rook">Ranging Rook</a> position (specifically <a href="/wiki/Fourth_File_Rook" title="Fourth File Rook">Fourth File Rook</a>) where the rook has been moved leftward away from its starting position. Additionally, Black is using a <a href="/wiki/Mino_castle#Silver_Crown" title="Mino castle">Silver Crown castle</a>, which is a type of fortification structure constructed with one silver and two gold pieces and the king moved inside of the fortification – the <i>silver crown</i> name comes from the silver being positioned directly above the king's head on the 27 square as if it were a crown. In the diagram, White has chosen a <a href="/wiki/Static_Rook" title="Static Rook">Static Rook</a> position, in which the rook remains on its starting square. This Static Rook position is specifically a type of Counter-Ranging Rook position known as <a href="/wiki/Bear-in-the-hole_Static_Rook" title="Bear-in-the-hole Static Rook">Bear-in-the-hole Static Rook</a> that uses a <a href="/wiki/Bear-in-the-hole_castle" title="Bear-in-the-hole castle">Bear-in-the-hole castle</a>. The Bear-in-the-hole fortification has the king moved all the way into very edge corner of the board on the 11 square as if it were a badger in a hole with a silver moved to the 22 square in order to close up the hole and additional reinforcing golds on 31 and 32 squares. This board position required 33 moves (or 12 move pairs as counted in western chess) to construct. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etiquette">Etiquette</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Etiquette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Playingshogiinuenopark-april11-2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Playingshogiinuenopark-april11-2014.jpg/220px-Playingshogiinuenopark-april11-2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Playingshogiinuenopark-april11-2014.jpg/330px-Playingshogiinuenopark-april11-2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Playingshogiinuenopark-april11-2014.jpg/440px-Playingshogiinuenopark-april11-2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4083" data-file-height="2870" /></a><figcaption>Two men playing shogi outside in <a href="/wiki/Ueno_Park" title="Ueno Park">Ueno Park</a>, 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Shogi players are expected to follow etiquette in addition to rules explicitly described. Commonly accepted etiquette include the following: </p> <ul><li>Greetings to the opponent both before and after the game</li> <li>Avoiding disruptive actions both during the game and after, for instance: <ul><li>Not changing the move once realized on the board</li> <li>Fair withdrawal without any disruption, such as scattering pieces on the board to demonstrate frustration</li></ul></li> <li>Announcing one's resignation</li></ul> <p>Shogi piece sets may contain two types of king pieces, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">王</span></span> (king) and <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">玉</span></span> (jewel). In this case, the higher classed player, in either social or genuine shogi player rank, may take the king piece. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Titleholder_system" title="Titleholder system">titleholder system</a> games, the current titleholder takes the king piece as the higher. </p><p>The higher-ranked (or older) player also sits facing the door of the room and is the person who takes the pieces out of the piece box.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking199719–20_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosking199719–20-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shogi does not have a <a href="/wiki/Touch-move_rule" title="Touch-move rule">touch-move rule</a> as in western chess tournament play or <a href="/wiki/Chu_shogi" title="Chu shogi">chu shogi</a>. However, in professional games, a piece is considered to be moved when the piece has been let go of. In both amateur and professional play, any piece may be touched in order to adjust its centralization within its square (to look tidy).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking199720_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosking199720-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taking back moves (待った <i>matta</i>) in professional games is prohibited. However, in friendly amateur games in Japan, it is often permitted. </p><p>Professional players are required to follow several ritualistic etiquette prescriptions such as kneeling exactly 15 centimeters from the shogi board, sitting in the formal <a href="/wiki/Seiza" title="Seiza">seiza</a> position, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm/220px--Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="37" data-mwtitle="Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm/Shogi_-Shimbashi-April_14_2018.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>People arranging large shogi pieces in <a href="/wiki/Shimbashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimbashi">Shimbashi</a>, 2018</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Game_setup">Game setup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Game setup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="floatright col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Ōhashi order </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>19</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>17</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>15</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>13</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>12</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>14</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>16</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>18</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>20</small><br />歩 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><small>10</small><br />角</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><small>11</small><br />飛</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>8</small><br />香</td> <td><small>6</small><br />桂</td> <td><small>4</small><br />銀</td> <td><small>2</small><br />金</td> <td><small>1</small><br />玉</td> <td><small>3</small><br />金</td> <td><small>5</small><br />銀</td> <td><small>7</small><br />桂</td> <td><small>9</small><br />香 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-right: 10px;"> <caption>Itō order </caption> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>8</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>9</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>10</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>11</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>12</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>13</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>14</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>15</small><br />歩</td> <td><small>16</small><br />歩 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><small>19</small><br />角</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><small>20</small><br />飛</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>17</small><br />香</td> <td><small>6</small><br />桂</td> <td><small>4</small><br />銀</td> <td><small>2</small><br />金</td> <td><small>1</small><br />玉</td> <td><small>3</small><br />金</td> <td><small>5</small><br />銀</td> <td><small>7</small><br />桂</td> <td><small>18</small><br />香 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Traditionally, the order of placing the pieces on the board is determined. There are two commonly used orders, the <i>Ōhashi</i> order 大橋流 and the <i>Itō</i> order 伊藤流.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Placement sets pieces with multiples (generals, knights, lances) from left to right in all cases, and follows the order: </p> <ol><li>King</li> <li>Gold generals</li> <li>Silver generals</li> <li>Knights</li></ol> <dl><dd>In ito, the player now places:</dd></dl> <ol start="5"> <li>Pawns (left to right starting from the leftmost file)</li> <li>Lances</li> <li>Bishop</li> <li>Rook</li> </ol> <dl><dd>In ohashi, the player now places:</dd></dl> <ol start="5"> <li>Lances</li> <li>Bishop</li> <li>Rook</li> <li>Pawns (starting from center file, then alternating left to right one file at a time)</li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Furigoma">Furigoma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Furigoma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among amateur tournaments, the higher-ranked player or defending champion performs the piece toss. In professional games, the furigoma is done on the behalf of the higher-ranked player/champion by the timekeeper who kneels by the side of the higher-ranked player and tosses the pawn pieces onto a silk cloth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking199719–20_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosking199719–20-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In friendly amateur games, a player will ask the opponent to toss the pawns out of politeness. Otherwise, the person who tosses the pawns can be determined by <a href="/wiki/Rock%E2%80%93paper%E2%80%93scissors" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock–paper–scissors">Rock–paper–scissors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_shogi" title="History of shogi">History of shogi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Boys_Playing_Shogi_with_a_Third_Observer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Boys_Playing_Shogi_with_a_Third_Observer.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Boys_Playing_Shogi_with_a_Third_Observer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Boys_Playing_Shogi_with_a_Third_Observer.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Boys_Playing_Shogi_with_a_Third_Observer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Boys_Playing_Shogi_with_a_Third_Observer.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Two_Boys_Playing_Shogi_with_a_Third_Observer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1118" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Boys playing shogi (18th century)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_playing_japan_0001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shogi_playing_japan_0001.jpg/220px-Shogi_playing_japan_0001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shogi_playing_japan_0001.jpg/330px-Shogi_playing_japan_0001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shogi_playing_japan_0001.jpg/440px-Shogi_playing_japan_0001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="1061" /></a><figcaption>Playing shogi in Japan (ca. 1916–1918)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masuda_Kozo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Masuda_Kozo.JPG/220px-Masuda_Kozo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Masuda_Kozo.JPG/330px-Masuda_Kozo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Masuda_Kozo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption>Kōzō Masuda (升田幸三) in 1952</figcaption></figure> <p>From <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chess_Variant_Pages" title="The Chess Variant Pages">The Chess Variant Pages</a></i>:<sup id="cite_ref-chessvariants1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chessvariants1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> The world's first chess variant, <a href="/wiki/Chaturanga" title="Chaturanga">chaturanga</a> arose in India in approximately the seventh century AD. From there it migrated both westward and northward, mutating along the way. The western branch became shatranj in Arabia and Orthodox Chess in Europe. The northern branch became <a href="/wiki/Xiangqi" title="Xiangqi">xiangqi</a> in China and <a href="/wiki/Janggi" title="Janggi">janggi</a> in Korea. Sometime in the tenth to twelfth centuries, 'chess' crossed the channel to Japan where it spawned a number of interesting variants. One of these was called 'Small Shogi'. Eventually, Small Shogi (though it went through many forms) won out over the larger variants and is now referred to simply as 'Shogi'. It is certain that Shogi in its present form was played in Japan as early as the 16th century.</p></blockquote> <p>It is not clear when chess was brought to Japan. The earliest generally accepted mention of shogi is Shin Saru Gakuki<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">新猿楽記</span></span>)</span> (1058–1064) by Fujiwara Akihira. The oldest archaeological evidence is a group of 16 shogi pieces excavated from the grounds of <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dfuku-ji" title="Kōfuku-ji">Kōfuku-ji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nara_Prefecture" title="Nara Prefecture">Nara Prefecture</a>. As it was physically associated with a wooden tablet written on in the sixth year of <a href="/wiki/Tengi" title="Tengi">Tengi</a> (1058), the pieces are thought to date from that period. These simple pieces were cut from a writing plaque in the same five-sided shape as modern pieces, with the names of the pieces written on them. </p><p>The dictionary of common folk culture, Nichūreki<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">二中歴</span></span>)</span> (c. 1210–1221), a collection based on the two works Shōchūreki<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">掌中歴</span></span>)</span> and Kaichūreki<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">懐中歴</span></span>)</span>, describes two forms of shogi, large <i>(dai)</i> shogi and small <i>(shō)</i> shogi. These are now called <a href="/wiki/Heian_shogi" title="Heian shogi">Heian shogi</a> (or Heian small shogi) and <a href="/wiki/Heian_dai_shogi" title="Heian dai shogi">Heian dai shogi</a>. Heian small shogi is the version on which modern shogi is based, but the <i>Nichūreki</i> states that one wins if one's opponent is reduced to a single king, indicating that drops had not yet been introduced. According to Yasuji Shimizu, chief researcher at the Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture, the names of the Heian shogi pieces keep those of <a href="/wiki/Chaturanga" title="Chaturanga">chaturanga</a> (general, elephant, horse, chariot and soldier), and add to them five treasures of Buddhism (jade, gold, silver, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">cassia bark</a>, and incense).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the 13th century the game of <a href="/wiki/Dai_shogi" title="Dai shogi">dai shogi</a> developed, created by increasing the number of pieces in Heian shogi, as was <a href="/wiki/Sho_shogi" title="Sho shogi">sho shogi</a>, which added the rook, bishop, and drunken elephant from dai shogi to Heian shogi. The drunken elephant steps one square in any direction except directly backward, and promotes to the prince, which acts as a second king and must also be captured along with the original king for the other player to win. Around the 15th century, the rules of dai shogi were simplified, creating the game of <a href="/wiki/Chu_shogi" title="Chu shogi">chu shogi</a>. Chu shogi, like its parent dai shogi, contains many distinct pieces, such as the queen (identical with Western chess) and the lion (which moves like a king, but twice per turn, potentially being able to capture twice, among other idiosyncrasies). The popularity of dai shogi soon waned in favour of chu shogi, until it stopped being played commonly. Chu shogi rivalled sho shogi in popularity until the introduction of drops in the latter, upon which standard shogi became ascendant, although chu shogi was still commonly played until about World War II, especially in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>. </p><p>It is thought that the rules of standard shogi were fixed in the 16th century, when the drunken elephant was removed from the set of pieces present in sho shogi. There is no clear record of when drops were introduced, however. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, shogi variants were greatly expanded: <a href="/wiki/Tenjiku_shogi" title="Tenjiku shogi">tenjiku shogi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dai_dai_shogi" title="Dai dai shogi">dai dai shogi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maka_dai_dai_shogi" title="Maka dai dai shogi">maka dai dai shogi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tai_shogi" title="Tai shogi">tai shogi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taikyoku_shogi" title="Taikyoku shogi">taikyoku shogi</a> were all invented. It is thought that these were played to only a very limited extent, however. Both standard shogi and <a href="/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">Go</a> were promoted by the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>. In 1612, the shogunate passed a law giving endowments to top shogi players (<a href="/wiki/Meijin" class="mw-redirect" title="Meijin">Meijin</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">名人</span></span>)</span>). During the reign of the eighth shōgun, <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshimune" title="Tokugawa Yoshimune">Tokugawa Yoshimune</a>, castle shogi tournaments were held once a year on the 17th day of <a href="/wiki/Kannazuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannazuki">Kannazuki</a>, corresponding to November 17, which is <b>Shogi Day</b> on the modern calendar. </p><p>The title of <i>meijin</i> became hereditary in the Ōhashi and Itō families until the fall of the shogunate, when it came to be passed by recommendation. Today the title is used for the winner of the <a href="/wiki/Meijin_(shogi)" title="Meijin (shogi)">Meijin-sen</a> competition, the first modern title match. From around 1899, <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a> began to publish records of shogi matches, and high-ranking players formed alliances with the aim of having their games published. In 1909, the Shogi Association<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">将棋同盟社</span></span>)</span> was formed, and in 1924, the Tokyo Shogi Association<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">東京将棋連盟</span></span>)</span> was formed. This was an early incarnation of the modern <a href="/wiki/Japan_Shogi_Association" title="Japan Shogi Association">Japan Shogi Association</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本将棋連盟</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nihon shōgi renmei</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, or JSA, and 1924 is considered by the JSA to be the date it was founded.<sup id="cite_ref-F&H_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F&H-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, <i>meijin</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinjir%C5%8D_Sekine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinjirō Sekine (page does not exist)">Kinjirō Sekine</a> stepped down, and the rank of meijin came to be awarded to the winner of a <a href="/wiki/Meijin_(shogi)" title="Meijin (shogi)">Meijin title match</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">名人戦</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">meijin-sen</i></span>)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoshio_Kimura_(shogi_player)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoshio Kimura (shogi player) (page does not exist)">Yoshio Kimura</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">木村義雄</span></span>)</span> became the first Meijin under this system in 1937. This was the start of the <a href="/wiki/Template:Shogi_title_tournaments" title="Template:Shogi title tournaments">shogi title matches</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Titleholder_system" title="Titleholder system">titleholder system</a>). After the war other tournaments were promoted to title matches, culminating with the <a href="/wiki/Ryu-oh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryu-oh">Ryūō title match</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">竜王戦</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ryūō-sen</i></span>)</span> in 1988 for the modern line-up of seven. About 200 professional shogi players compete. Each year, the title holder defends the title against a challenger chosen from knockout or round matches. </p><p>After the Second World War, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers">SCAP</a> (occupational government mainly led by US) tried to eliminate all "feudal" factors from Japanese society and shogi was included in the possible list of items to be banned along with <a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">Bushido</a> (philosophy of samurai) and other things. SCAP's reason for banning shogi was that the game uniquely utilized captured pieces. SCAP insisted that this could lead to the idea of <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">prisoner abuse</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kozo_Masuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kozo Masuda">Kozo Masuda</a>, then one of the top professional shogi players, when summoned to the SCAP headquarters for an investigation, criticized such understanding of shogi, instead insisting that chess that potentially contained the idea of prisoner abuse, because opposing pieces are removed permanently, while shogi gives prisoners the chance to get back into the game. Masuda also argued that chess contradicts the ideal of <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a> in western society because the king shields himself behind the queen and runs away. Masuda's arguments are said<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2025)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to have eventually led to the exemption of shogi from the list of items to be banned.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tournament_play">Tournament play</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Tournament play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WOSC-2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/WOSC-2013.jpg/220px-WOSC-2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/WOSC-2013.jpg/330px-WOSC-2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/WOSC-2013.jpg/440px-WOSC-2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>2013 World Shogi Open Championship (amateur) tournament in <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are two organizations for shogi professional players in Japan: the JSA, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladies%27_Professional_Shogi-players%27_Association_of_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladies' Professional Shogi-players' Association of Japan (page does not exist)">Ladies' Professional Shogi-players' Association of Japan</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" class="extiw" title="ja:日本女子プロ将棋協会">ja</a>]</sup><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本女子プロ将棋協会</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nihon joshi puro shōgi kyōkai</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, or LPSA. The JSA is the primary organization for men and women's professional shogi<sup id="cite_ref-F&H_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F&H-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the LPSA is a group of women professionals who broke away from the JSA in 2007 to establish their own independent organization.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both organize tournaments for their members and have reached an agreement to cooperate with each other to promote shogi through events and other activities.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Top professional players are fairly well-paid from tournament earnings. In 2016, the highest tournament earners were <a href="/wiki/Yoshiharu_Habu" title="Yoshiharu Habu">Yoshiharu Habu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akira_Watanabe_(shogi_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akira Watanabe (shogi player)">Akira Watanabe</a> who earned ¥91,500,000 and ¥73,900,000. (The tenth highest earner, <a href="/wiki/Kouichi_Fukaura" class="mw-redirect" title="Kouichi Fukaura">Kouichi Fukaura</a>, won ¥18,490,000.)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The JSA recognizes two categories of shogi professionals: Professional<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">棋士</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kishi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, and Female Professional<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">女流棋士</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">joryūkishi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>. Sometimes <i>kishi</i> are addressed as seikishi<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">正棋士</span></span>)</span>, a term from <a href="/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">Go</a> used to distinguish <i>kishi</i> from other classes of players. JSA professional ranks and female professional ranks are not equivalent and each has their own promotion criteria and ranking system. In 2006, the JSA officially granted women "professional status". This is not equivalent, however, to the more traditional way of "gaining professional status", i.e., being promoted from the "Shoreikai System"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奨励会</span></span>)</span>: leagues of strong amateur players aspiring to become a professional. Rather, it is a separate system especially designed for female professionals. Qualified amateurs, regardless of gender, may apply for the "Shoreikai System" and all those who successfully "graduate" are granted <i>kishi</i> status; however, no woman has yet to accomplish this feat (the highest women have reached is "Shoreikai 3 <i>dan</i> league" by <a href="/wiki/Kana_Satomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kana Satomi">Kana Satomi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tomoka_Nishiyama" title="Tomoka Nishiyama">Tomoka Nishiyama</a>), so <i>kishi</i> is <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> only used to refer to male shogi professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The JSA is the only body which can organize tournaments for professionals, e.g., the eight major tournaments in the <a href="/wiki/Titleholder_system" title="Titleholder system">titleholder system</a> and other professional tournaments. In 1996, <a href="/wiki/Yoshiharu_Habu" title="Yoshiharu Habu">Yoshiharu Habu</a> became the only <i>kishi</i> to hold seven major titles at the same time. For female professionals, both the JSA and LPSA organize tournaments, either jointly or separately. Tournaments for amateurs may be organized by the JSA and LPSA as well as local clubs, newspapers, private corporations, educational institutions or municipal governments for cities or prefectures under the guidance of the JSA or LPSA. </p><p>Since the 1990s, shogi has grown in popularity outside Japan, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>, and especially in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>. The January 2006 edition of <i>Kindai Shogi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">近代将棋</span></span>)</span> stated that there were 120,000 shogi players in Shanghai. The spread of the game to countries where Chinese characters are not in common use, however, has been slower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Europe">In Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: In Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shogi_nidan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Shogi_nidan.JPG/220px-Shogi_nidan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Shogi_nidan.JPG/330px-Shogi_nidan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Shogi_nidan.JPG/440px-Shogi_nidan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Amateur shogi certificate for 2 dan</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>European shogi tournaments vary in format, including both individual and team competitions. Major events are typically held annually, attracting players of all skill levels. The tournaments often feature different time controls, ranging from classical formats to faster-paced variants like blitz shogi. Notable tournaments include the European Shogi Championship and various national championships.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of November 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were over 1,200 active players in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computer_shogi">Computer shogi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Computer shogi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Computer_shogi" title="Computer shogi">Computer shogi</a></div> <p>Shogi has the highest <a href="/wiki/Game_tree_complexity" class="mw-redirect" title="Game tree complexity">game complexity</a> of all popular chess variants. Computers have steadily improved in playing shogi since the 1970s. In 2007, champion Yoshiharu Habu estimated the strength of the 2006 world computer shogi champion Bonanza at the level of two-dan shoreikai. </p><p>The JSA prohibits its professionals from playing computers in public without prior permission, with the reason of promoting shogi and monetizing the computer–human events.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 12, 2010, after some 35 years of development, a computer finally beat a professional player, when the top ranked female champion Ichiyo Shimizu was beaten by the Akara2010 system in a game lasting just over 6 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 24, 2011, computer shogi programs Bonanza and Akara crushed the amateur team of Kosaku and Shinoda in two games. The allotted time for the amateurs was one hour and then three minutes per move. The allotted time for the computer was 25 minutes and then 10 seconds per move.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 20, 2013, GPS Shogi defeated 8-dan professional shogi player <a href="/wiki/Hiroyuki_Miura_(shogi)" title="Hiroyuki Miura (shogi)">Hiroyuki Miura</a> in a 102-move game which lasted over 8 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 13, 2015, the highest rated player on Shogi Club 24 was computer program Ponanza, rated 3455.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 10, 2016, Ponanza defeated Takayuki Yamasaki, 8-dan in 85 moves. Takayuki used 7 hours 9 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2017, <a href="/wiki/DeepMind" class="mw-redirect" title="DeepMind">DeepMind</a> claimed that its program <a href="/wiki/AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a>, after a full nine hours of training, defeated <a href="/wiki/Elmo_(shogi_engine)" title="Elmo (shogi engine)"> Elmo</a> in a 100-game match, winning 90, losing 8, and drawing two.<sup id="cite_ref-preprint_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preprint-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From a <a href="/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory" title="Computational complexity theory">computational complexity</a> point of view, generalized shogi is <a href="/wiki/EXPTIME-complete" class="mw-redirect" title="EXPTIME-complete">EXPTIME-complete</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Video_games">Video games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_shogi_video_games" title="List of shogi video games">List of shogi video games</a></div> <p>Hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a> were released exclusively in Japan for several <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">consoles</a>. </p><p>Clubhouse Games: 51 Worldwide Classics was released internationally by Nintendo in 2020 for the Nintendo Switch console, offering both Shogi and mini Shogi variants using either traditional or bilingual pieces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to professional player <a href="/wiki/Yoshiharu_Habu" title="Yoshiharu Habu">Yoshiharu Habu</a>, in Japan shogi is viewed as not merely a game as entertainment or a mind sport but is instead an art that is a part of traditional Japanese culture along with <a href="/wiki/Haiku" title="Haiku">haiku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanka" title="Tanka">tanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">noh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">ikebana</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Japanese tea ceremony</a>. Its elevated status was established by the <i><a href="/wiki/Iemoto" title="Iemoto">iemoto</a></i> system supported by the historical <a href="/wiki/Shogunate" class="mw-redirect" title="Shogunate">shogunate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The backwards <i>uma</i> (shogi horse symbol) is often featured on merchandise (such as on large decorative shogi piece sculptures, keychains, and other keepsakes) available for sale in <a href="/wiki/Tend%C5%8D,_Yamagata" title="Tendō, Yamagata">Tendō</a>. It also serves as a symbol of good luck. (Cf. <a href="/wiki/Rabbit%27s_foot" title="Rabbit's foot">Rabbit's foot</a>.) There are multiple theories on its origin. One is that <i>uma</i> (うま ) spelled in the Japanese syllabary backwards is まう <i>mau</i> (舞う), which means <i>(to) dance</i> and dancing horses are a good luck omen.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B7%A6%E9%A6%AC.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="The backwards 馬 uma (左馬 hidari uma)"><img alt="The backwards 馬 uma (左馬 hidari uma)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%E5%B7%A6%E9%A6%AC.gif/120px-%E5%B7%A6%E9%A6%AC.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/%E5%B7%A6%E9%A6%AC.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="137" data-file-height="131" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The backwards 馬 <i>uma</i> (左馬 <i>hidari uma</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ningen_shogi_himeji.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ningen Shogi held in Himeji City with real people (2015)"><img alt="Ningen Shogi held in Himeji City with real people (2015)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ningen_shogi_himeji.jpg/120px-Ningen_shogi_himeji.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ningen_shogi_himeji.jpg/180px-Ningen_shogi_himeji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ningen_shogi_himeji.jpg/240px-Ningen_shogi_himeji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="937" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ningen Shogi held in Himeji City with real people (2015)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tendo_station_and_shogi_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tendō shogi museum (right) next to Tendō Station (top)"><img alt="Tendō shogi museum (right) next to Tendō Station (top)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tendo_station_and_shogi_museum.jpg/120px-Tendo_station_and_shogi_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tendo_station_and_shogi_museum.jpg/180px-Tendo_station_and_shogi_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Tendo_station_and_shogi_museum.jpg/240px-Tendo_station_and_shogi_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Tendō shogi museum (right) next to <a href="/wiki/Tend%C5%8D_Station" title="Tendō Station">Tendō Station</a> (top)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-In_popular_culture plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">irrelevant</a> references to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections#"In_popular_culture"_and_"Cultural_references"_material" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">popular culture</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help Wikipedia to <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit">improve this section</a> by removing the content or adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">independent sources</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shogi" title="Special:EditPage/Shogi">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Shogi%22">"Shogi"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Shogi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Shogi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Shogi%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Shogi%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Shogi%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the manga and anime series <i><a href="/wiki/Naruto" title="Naruto">Naruto</a></i>, shogi plays an essential part in <a href="/wiki/Shikamaru_Nara" title="Shikamaru Nara">Shikamaru Nara</a>'s character development. He often plays it with his sensei, <a href="/wiki/Asuma_Sarutobi" class="mw-redirect" title="Asuma Sarutobi">Asuma Sarutobi</a>, apparently always beating him. When Asuma is fatally injured in battle, he reminds Shikamaru that the shogi king must always be protected, and draws a parallel between the king in shogi and the children who would grow up to take care of the Hidden Leaf (Konoha) in the future, as well as his yet-unborn daughter, Mirai, whom he wanted Shikamaru to guide. </p><p>Shogi has been a central plot point in the manga and anime <i><a href="/wiki/Shion_no_%C5%8C" title="Shion no Ō">Shion no Ō</a></i>, the manga and anime <i><a href="/wiki/March_Comes_in_Like_a_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="March Comes in Like a Lion">March Comes in Like a Lion</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the manga and television drama <i><a href="/wiki/81diver" title="81diver">81diver</a></i>. </p><p>In the manga and anime <i><a href="/wiki/Durarara!!" title="Durarara!!">Durarara!!</a></i>, the information broker Izaya Orihara plays a twisted version of chess, go and shogi, where he mixes all three games into one as a representation of the battles in <a href="/wiki/Ikebukuro" title="Ikebukuro">Ikebukuro</a>. </p><p>In the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Persona_5" title="Persona 5">Persona 5</a></i>, the Star confidant, a girl named Hifumi Togo, is a high school shogi player looking to break into the ranks of the professionals. The player character will gain a knowledge stat when spending time with the confidant, supposedly from learning to play shogi. The abilities learned from ranking up the confidant comes from Japanese shogi terms. </p><p>In the manga and anime <i><a href="/wiki/When_Will_Ayumu_Make_His_Move%3F" title="When Will Ayumu Make His Move?">When Will Ayumu Make His Move?</a></i>, second-year high school student Urushi Yaotome is the president of her school's shogi club, though the club is considered illegitimate due to not having enough members, the only other member being first-year student Ayumu Tanaka. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mind_sport" title="Mind sport">Mind sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogi_tactics" title="Shogi tactics">Shogi tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogi_strategy" title="Shogi strategy">Shogi strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogi_variant" title="Shogi variant">Shogi variants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chu_shogi" title="Chu shogi">Chu shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_shogi" title="Dai shogi">Dai shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dbutsu_sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Dōbutsu shōgi">Dōbutsu shōgi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsumeshogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsumeshogi">Tsumeshogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Chess variants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crazyhouse" title="Crazyhouse">Crazyhouse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_shogi" title="Computer shogi">Computer shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_championships_in_mind_sports" title="List of world championships in mind sports">List of world championships in mind sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janggi" title="Janggi">Janggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangqi" title="Xiangqi">Xiangqi</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Cf. the 64 square [8x8] board in western chess and the 90 intersection point board [9x10] in [xiangqi]).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first player is called Black because moves from the first player are traditionally marked with a black triangle or pentagon (▲ or ☗) in Japanese <a href="/wiki/Shogi_notation" title="Shogi notation">shogi notation</a>, while moves of the other player are marked with a white triangle or pentagon (△ or ☖).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is notably reversed from <a href="/wiki/Western_chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Western chess">Western chess</a>, where the player who moves first is called White and the other Black, but the same as in <a href="/wiki/Go_(game)" title="Go (game)">Go</a>, where the first player usually plays with black stones.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally both kings were named "jewelled general"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">玉將</span></span>)</span>, but at one point in history the dot in "jewel"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">玉</span></span>)</span> was left out on one piece to make "king"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">王</span></span>)</span>. This is said to be introduced by the great warlord <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-zatsugaku_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zatsugaku-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The kanji <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">竜</span></span> is a <a href="/wiki/Shinjitai" title="Shinjitai">simplified</a> form of <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">龍</span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although sometimes translated as "<a href="/wiki/Cercidiphyllum_japonicum" title="Cercidiphyllum japonicum">katsura</a> horse," the name <i>keima</i> is derived from a word for <a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">cassia</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">肉桂</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nikkei</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, also known as "Chinese cinnamon," the bark of which is a spice that used to be very valuable in Japan, similar to jade, gold, silver, and incense.<sup id="cite_ref-zatsugaku_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zatsugaku-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> This is in contrast to western chess, which usually allows moves to be corrected with sometimes a less severe consequence of time penalty. However, the rules are complex. Cf. <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess#Illegal_move" title="Rules of chess">Rules of chess § Illegal move</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> This is a significant difference from western chess, in which a player can play specifically to obtain draws for gaining points.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> In shogi and Western chess, the term <i>move</i> has different definitions, which may cause confusion for western chess players. In Japanese language texts, the term 手 <i>te</i> translated as "move" or "tempo" (as in 手数 <i>tesū</i> "number of moves") is defined as a single player moving their piece. However, in Western chess, the English term <i>move</i> is defined as two players each moving their pieces once – in other words, a move-pair. Thus, the English shogi term <i>move</i> would be called a <i>half-move</i> in English chess terminology. Wikipedia follows the shogi usage and not the chess usage for the term <i>move.</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shogi">"shogi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=shogi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fshogi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chessvariants1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chessvariants1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chessvariants1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessvariants.com/shogi.html">"Shogi: Japanese Chess"</a>. <i>The Chess Variant Pages</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Chess+Variant+Pages&rft.atitle=Shogi%3A+Japanese+Chess&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessvariants.com%2Fshogi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodges1980" class="citation magazine cs1">Hodges, George, ed. (1980). "Shogi history & the variants". <i>Shogi</i>. No. 27. pp. <span class="nowrap">9–</span>13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shogi&rft.atitle=Shogi+history+%26+the+variants&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=1980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EBshogi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EBshogi_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Shogi". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shogishack.net/pages/internet-resources/how-to-read-kifu.html">"How to Read Kifu"</a>. <i>shogishack.net</i>. Aug 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231102152544/https://shogishack.net/pages/internet-resources/how-to-read-kifu.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-28</span></span>. <q>Unfortunately, Japanese notation historically uses white triangle (△) to indicate Gote's move and black triangle (▲) to notate Sente's move. Therefore, in Shogi, Black moves first, not White.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shogishack.net&rft.atitle=How+to+Read+Kifu&rft.date=2023-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshogishack.net%2Fpages%2Finternet-resources%2Fhow-to-read-kifu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairbairn, John (1985), <i>Shogi</i>, in <i>The Book of Games</i>. New York, USA: Exeter Books <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-07732-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-07732-5">0-671-07732-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zatsugaku-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zatsugaku_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zatsugaku_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181104055741/https://kerokero-info.com/2018/11/02/post-19484/">"将棋の駒の意味や名前の由来、王将は昔存在しなかった。"</a> [The meaning of shogi pieces and the etyomology of their names, the king general used to not exist.]. <i>雑学.com</i> (in Japanese). 2018-11-02. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kerokero-info.com/2018/11/02/post-19484/">the original</a> on 2018-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%9B%91%E5%AD%A6.com&rft.atitle=%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E3%81%AE%E9%A7%92%E3%81%AE%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%E3%82%84%E5%90%8D%E5%89%8D%E3%81%AE%E7%94%B1%E6%9D%A5%E3%80%81%E7%8E%8B%E5%B0%86%E3%81%AF%E6%98%94%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkerokero-info.com%2F2018%2F11%2F02%2Fpost-19484%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimbergen" class="citation web cs1">Grimbergen, Reijer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.net/arc/shogi-l/shogi_terms.txt">"Shogi Terms"</a>. <i>www.shogi.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.shogi.net&rft.atitle=Shogi+Terms&rft.aulast=Grimbergen&rft.aufirst=Reijer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shogi.net%2Farc%2Fshogi-l%2Fshogi_terms.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shogi2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shogi2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shogi2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140926053955/http://www.shogi.or.jp/shogi/hon/05.html">"Hansoku ni Tsuite 3. ōtehōchi" <bdi lang="ja">反則について3.王手放置</bdi></a> [About rule violations: 3. Leaving your king in check] (in Japanese). 日本将棋連盟 (Japan Shogi Association). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.or.jp/shogi/hon/05.html">the original</a> on 26 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2014</span>. <q>王手をかけられたら, 玉が逃げるなど, 必ず王手を防ぐ手を指さなければなりません。王手がかかっているのに違う手を指すのは反則です. [When your king is placed in check, the king must escape, etc. so you must play moves that prevent checks. If your king is in check, ignoring the check and playing a different move is a violation.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansoku+ni+Tsuite+3.+%C5%8Dteh%C5%8Dchi+%E5%8F%8D%E5%89%87%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A63.%E7%8E%8B%E6%89%8B%E6%94%BE%E7%BD%AE&rft.pub=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F+%28Japan+Shogi+Association%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shogi.or.jp%2Fshogi%2Fhon%2F05.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.or.jp/faq/index.html#rule">"Shōgi no Ruru ni Kansuru Goshitsumon — Q: Taikyokuchū ni Ōte wo Kaketara, "Ōte wo Kaketa noni, 'Ōte' to Hasseishinai no wa Hansoku da" to Iwaremashita. Sonoyō na Kitei wa Aru no Deshōka" <bdi lang="ja">将棋のルールに関するご質問 — Q: 対局中に王手をかけたら, ｢王手をかけたのに,『王手』と発声しないのは反則だ｣と言われました。そのような規定はあるのでしょうか。</bdi></a> [Questions about the Rules of Shogi — Q: I've been told that not saying "Ote" when you place your opponent in check is against the rules. Is there really such a rule?]. 日本将棋連盟 (Japan Shogi Association)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2014</span>. <q>A: たまにそういう主張をされる方がいらっしゃいますが, そのような規定は一切ありません。 [A: Occasionally you will hear such a thing being asserted, but there is absolutely no such rule at all.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sh%C5%8Dgi+no+Ruru+ni+Kansuru+Goshitsumon+%E2%80%94+Q%3A+Taikyokuch%C5%AB+ni+%C5%8Cte+wo+Kaketara%2C+%22%C5%8Cte+wo+Kaketa+noni%2C+%27%C5%8Cte%27+to+Hasseishinai+no+wa+Hansoku+da%22+to+Iwaremashita.+Sonoy%C5%8D+na+Kitei+wa+Aru+no+Desh%C5%8Dka.+%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%94%E8%B3%AA%E5%95%8F+%E2%80%94+Q%3A+%E5%AF%BE%E5%B1%80%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AB%E7%8E%8B%E6%89%8B%E3%82%92%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%2C+%EF%BD%A2%E7%8E%8B%E6%89%8B%E3%82%92%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AB%2C%E3%80%8E%E7%8E%8B%E6%89%8B%E3%80%8F%E3%81%A8%E7%99%BA%E5%A3%B0%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AF%E5%8F%8D%E5%89%87%E3%81%A0%EF%BD%A3%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%80%82%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AA%E8%A6%8F%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B%E3%80%82&rft.pub=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F+%28Japan+Shogi+Association%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shogi.or.jp%2Ffaq%2Findex.html%23rule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shogi-joutatsu.com/archives/1127">"【将棋のルール】対局時のマナーについて | ゼロから始める将棋研究所"</a>. <i>shogi-joutatsu.com</i> (in Japanese). 2018-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shogi-joutatsu.com&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%80%91%E5%AF%BE%E5%B1%80%E6%99%82%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6+%7C+%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E5%A7%8B%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshogi-joutatsu.com%2Farchives%2F1127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xn--pet04dr1n5x9a.com/%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80%E7%B7%A8/%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB.html">"将棋入門～将棋のルールまとめ～"</a>. <i>将棋講座.com</i> (in Japanese). 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E8%AC%9B%E5%BA%A7.com&rft.atitle=%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80%EF%BD%9E%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A8%E3%82%81%EF%BD%9E&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fxn--pet04dr1n5x9a.com%2F%25E5%2585%25A5%25E9%2596%2580%25E7%25B7%25A8%2F%25E5%25B0%2586%25E6%25A3%258B%25E3%2581%25AE%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%25AB.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hosking (1997: 17)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.or.jp/faq/taikyoku-kitei.html#hansoku">"Hansoku"</a>. Shogi.or.jp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansoku&rft.pub=Shogi.or.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shogi.or.jp%2Ffaq%2Ftaikyoku-kitei.html%23hansoku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairbairn (1986) pp 135–136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As shown on the 2005 <a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a> television special <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%86%E8%BB%A2%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:大逆転将棋">大逆転将棋</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shogidb2.com/games/59d601109a4db989007b77f5195d785077252191">"豊川孝弘 vs. 田村康介ＮＨＫ杯"</a>. <i>将棋DB2</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8BDB2&rft.atitle=%E8%B1%8A%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%9D%E5%BC%98+vs.+%E7%94%B0%E6%9D%91%E5%BA%B7%E4%BB%8B+%EF%BC%AE%EF%BC%A8%EF%BC%AB%E6%9D%AF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshogidb2.com%2Fgames%2F59d601109a4db989007b77f5195d785077252191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairbairn (1986: 138–139)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairbairn1982" class="citation magazine cs1">Fairbairn, John (1982). "Champions of past & present (2)". <i>Shogi</i>. No. 35. pp. <span class="nowrap">9–</span>12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shogi&rft.atitle=Champions+of+past+%26+present+%282%29&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Fairbairn&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">滝瀬, 竜司 [Takise, Ryuji] and 田中, 哲朗 [Tanaka, Tetsuro]. 2012. 入玉指向の将棋プログラムの作成 [Development of entering-king oriented shogi programs]. <i>Information Processing Society of Japan, 53</i> (11), 2544–2551.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://live.shogi.or.jp/oui/kifu/60/oui201908200101.kif">"King's War - 60th Oi title match, seven-game series, game 4"</a>. <i>live.shogi.or.jp</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=live.shogi.or.jp&rft.atitle=King%27s+War+-+60th+Oi+title+match%2C+seven-game+series%2C+game+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flive.shogi.or.jp%2Foui%2Fkifu%2F60%2Foui201908200101.kif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span> 2019/08/20 09:00 to 2019/08/21 21:12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMizuta2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mizuta, Yukihiro (August 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/sougou/201908/0012628486.shtml">"Shōgi Ōisen Daiyonkyoku Kimura ga Kachi Nishō Nihai" <bdi lang="ja">将棋王位戦第4局木村が勝ち2勝2敗に</bdi></a> [Game 4 of the Ōi title match: Kimura wins to even match at two games apiece]. <i><a href="/wiki/Kobe_Shimbun" title="Kobe Shimbun">Kobe Shimbun</a></i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kobe+Shimbun&rft.atitle=Sh%C5%8Dgi+%C5%8Cisen+Daiyonkyoku+Kimura+ga+Kachi+Nish%C5%8D+Nihai+%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%8D%E6%88%A6%E7%AC%AC4%E5%B1%80+%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%91%E3%81%8C%E5%8B%9D%E3%81%A12%E5%8B%9D2%E6%95%97%E3%81%AB&rft.date=2019-08-21&rft.aulast=Mizuta&rft.aufirst=Yukihiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobe-np.co.jp%2Fnews%2Fsougou%2F201908%2F0012628486.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/matsumotohirofumi/20190821-00139300/">"王位戦七番勝負第４局、タイトル戦最長手数の285手！木村一基九段が豊島将之王位を降す（松本博文） - Yahoo!ニュース"</a>. <i>Yahoo!ニュース個人</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9+%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA&rft.atitle=%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%8D%E6%88%A6%E4%B8%83%E7%95%AA%E5%8B%9D%E8%B2%A0%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%94%E5%B1%80%E3%80%81%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E6%88%A6%E6%9C%80%E9%95%B7%E6%89%8B%E6%95%B0%E3%81%AE285%E6%89%8B%EF%BC%81+%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%91%E4%B8%80%E5%9F%BA%E4%B9%9D%E6%AE%B5%E3%81%8C%E8%B1%8A%E5%B3%B6%E5%B0%86%E4%B9%8B%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%8D%E3%82%92%E9%99%8D%E3%81%99%EF%BC%88%E6%9D%BE%E6%9C%AC%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%87%EF%BC%89+-+Yahoo%21%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.co.jp%2Fbyline%2Fmatsumotohirofumi%2F20190821-00139300%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairbairn (1986: 139)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shogi.or.jp/faq/rules">"将棋のルールに関するご質問｜よくある質問｜日本将棋連盟"</a>. Shogi.or.jp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%94%E8%B3%AA%E5%95%8F%EF%BD%9C%E3%82%88%E3%81%8F%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E8%B3%AA%E5%95%8F%EF%BD%9C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F&rft.pub=Shogi.or.jp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shogi.or.jp%2Ffaq%2Frules&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://81dojo.com/documents/Rules_and_Manners_of_Shogi#27-point_Declare_System">"Rules and Manners of Shogi - 81Dojo Docs"</a>. 81dojo.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rules+and+Manners+of+Shogi+-+81Dojo+Docs&rft.pub=81dojo.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F81dojo.com%2Fdocuments%2FRules_and_Manners_of_Shogi%2327-point_Declare_System&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">近代将棋 magazine Nov 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">将棋世界 magazine Aug 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shogiwars.heroz.jp/">"将棋ウォーズ"</a>. <i>将棋ウォーズ</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA&rft.atitle=%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshogiwars.heroz.jp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EriI9bxyDHY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EriI9bxyDHY</a> "How to play Shogi(将棋) -Lesson#16- Impasse" (at about 6.00 time marker)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairbairn (1986: 158–161)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216005214/http://www.shogi.or.jp/kisen/shourei/index.html">"Shōreikai Gaiyō" <bdi lang="ja">奨励会概要</bdi></a> [Outline of Shoreikai] (in Japanese). Japan Shogi Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.or.jp/kisen/shourei/index.html">the original</a> on 16 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sh%C5%8Dreikai+Gaiy%C5%8D+%E5%A5%A8%E5%8A%B1%E4%BC%9A%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81&rft.pub=Japan+Shogi+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shogi.or.jp%2Fkisen%2Fshourei%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/news/04-12/image/kyudan.gif">"Title offset illustration"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Title+offset+illustration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb-japan.org%2Fkidsweb%2Farchives%2Fnews%2F04-12%2Fimage%2Fkyudan.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosking199720–21-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking199720–21_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHosking1997">Hosking 1997</a>, p. 20–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosking1997263–265-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking1997263–265_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHosking1997">Hosking 1997</a>, p. 263–265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitoshi_Matsubara,_Reijer_Grimbergen" class="citation journal cs1">Hitoshi Matsubara, Reijer Grimbergen. "Differences between Shogi and western Chess from a computational point of view". <i>Proceedings: Board Games in Academia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings%3A+Board+Games+in+Academia&rft.atitle=Differences+between+Shogi+and+western+Chess+from+a+computational+point+of+view&rft.au=Hitoshi+Matsubara%2C+Reijer+Grimbergen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXiaohong_WanDaisuke_TakanoTakeshi_Asamizuya2012" class="citation journal cs1">Xiaohong Wan; Daisuke Takano; Takeshi Asamizuya; et al. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6621838">"Developing intuition: Neural correlates of cognitive-skill learning in caudate nucleus"</a>. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. <b>32</b> (48): <span class="nowrap">17492–</span>17501. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2Fjneurosci.2312-12.2012">10.1523/jneurosci.2312-12.2012</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6621838">6621838</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23197739">23197739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Developing+intuition%3A+Neural+correlates+of+cognitive-skill+learning+in+caudate+nucleus&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17492-%3C%2Fspan%3E17501&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6621838%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23197739&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1523%2Fjneurosci.2312-12.2012&rft.au=Xiaohong+Wan&rft.au=Daisuke+Takano&rft.au=Takeshi+Asamizuya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6621838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosking199719–20-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking199719–20_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking199719–20_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHosking1997">Hosking 1997</a>, p. 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosking199720-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking199720_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHosking1997">Hosking 1997</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairbairn (1986: 143)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.or.jp/faq/index.html#hoka">"Sono Hoka no Goshitsumon: Koma no Narabikata ni Kimari wa Aru no Deshōka?" <bdi lang="ja">その他のご質問: 駒の並べ方に決まりはあるのでしょうか？</bdi></a> [Other questions: Is there a certain way to set up the pieces?] (in Japanese). 日本将棋連盟 (Japan Shogi Association)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2014</span>. <q>江戸時代は, それぞれの家元に「大橋流」「伊藤流」という並べ方がありました。現在のでも, その並べ方を用いている棋士は少なからずおります. ただし, 決まりとして「このような並べ方をしなければならない」というものはありません. [In the Edo Era, each Iemoto had their own respective way of setting up the pieces: the 'Ohashi-style' and the 'Ito-style'. Although these two styles are still used today by many professionals, there is really no rule specifying that 'the pieces must be set up in this particular way'.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sono+Hoka+no+Goshitsumon%3A+Koma+no+Narabikata+ni+Kimari+wa+Aru+no+Desh%C5%8Dka%3F+%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E4%BB%96%E3%81%AE%E3%81%94%E8%B3%AA%E5%95%8F%3A+%E9%A7%92%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%A6%E3%81%B9%E6%96%B9%E3%81%AB%E6%B1%BA%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B%EF%BC%9F&rft.pub=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F+%28Japan+Shogi+Association%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shogi.or.jp%2Ffaq%2Findex.html%23hoka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodges1982" class="citation magazine cs1">Hodges, George, ed. (1982). "Who moves first?". <i>Shogi</i>. No. 40. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shogi&rft.atitle=Who+moves+first%3F&rft.issue=40&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShimizu1994" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shimizu, Yasuji (October 1994). "Shōgi Denrai ni Tsuite no Ichi Shiron" <bdi lang="ja">将棋伝来についての一試論</bdi> [An essay on the introduction of shogi]. <i>Yūgishi Kenkyū (遊戯史研究)</i> (in Japanese) (6). 遊戯史学会 (Society for the History of Games): 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Y%C5%ABgishi+Kenky%C5%AB+%28%E9%81%8A%E6%88%AF%E5%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%29&rft.atitle=Sh%C5%8Dgi+Denrai+ni+Tsuite+no+Ichi+Shiron+%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E4%BC%9D%E6%9D%A5%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A9%A6%E8%AB%96&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1994-10&rft.aulast=Shimizu&rft.aufirst=Yasuji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-F&H-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-F&H_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F&H_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006120701/http://www.shogi.or.jp/aboutus/history.html">"Sōritsu・Enkaku" <bdi lang="ja">創立・沿革</bdi></a> [Founding and History] (in Japanese). 日本将棋連盟 (Japan Shogi Association). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.or.jp/aboutus/history.html">the original</a> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%C5%8Dritsu%E3%83%BBEnkaku+%E5%89%B5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%BB%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.pub=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F+%28Japan+Shogi+Association%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shogi.or.jp%2Faboutus%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasuda2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Masuda, Kozo (2003). <i>Meijin ni Kyosha wo Hiita Otoko</i> <bdi lang="ja">名人に香車を引いた男</bdi> [<i>The Man Who Gave A Lance Handicap To A Meijin</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Chuokoron-Shinsha" title="Chuokoron-Shinsha">Chuokoron-Shinsha</a>. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-12-204247-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-12-204247-6"><bdi>978-4-12-204247-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meijin+ni+Kyosha+wo+Hiita+Otoko+%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AB%E9%A6%99%E8%BB%8A%E3%82%92%E5%BC%95%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E7%94%B7&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Chuokoron-Shinsha&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-4-12-204247-6&rft.aulast=Masuda&rft.aufirst=Kozo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031152603/http://joshi-shogi.com/2011/09/28/enkaku.pdf">"Enkaku" <bdi lang="ja">沿革</bdi></a> [LPSA History] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Japanese). 日本女子プロ将棋協会 (Ladies' Professional Shogi-players' Association of Japan). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://joshi-shogi.com/2011/09/28/enkaku.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.or.jp/topics/2014/06/post-1000.html">the original</a> on 3 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=DeepMind%27s+AI+became+a+superhuman+chess+player+in+a+few+hours%2C+just+for+fun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2017%2F12%2F6%2F16741106%2Fdeepmind-ai-chess-alphazero-shogi-go&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._AdachiH._KamekawaS._Iwata1987" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">H. Adachi; H. Kamekawa; S. Iwata (1987). "Shogi on n × n board is complete in exponential time". <i>Trans. IEICE</i>. J70-D: <span class="nowrap">1843–</span>1852.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trans.+IEICE&rft.atitle=Shogi+on+n+%C3%97+n+board+is+complete+in+exponential+time&rft.volume=J70-D&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1843-%3C%2Fspan%3E1852&rft.date=1987&rft.au=H.+Adachi&rft.au=H.+Kamekawa&rft.au=S.+Iwata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.chessbase.com/post/when-a-shogi-champion-turns-to-che">"When a Shogi champion turns to chess"</a>. <i>Chess News</i>. May 17, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chess+News&rft.atitle=When+a+Shogi+champion+turns+to+chess&rft.date=2002-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.chessbase.com%2Fpost%2Fwhen-a-shogi-champion-turns-to-che&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82U8LR6MSV0">"Aesthetics of game: shogi, Japanese traditional culture/GAME CHRONICLE/IS JAPAN COOL?(羽生善治)"</a>. 29 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/82U8LR6MSV0">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-14 – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aesthetics+of+game%3A+shogi%2C+Japanese+traditional+culture%2FGAME+CHRONICLE%2FIS+JAPAN+COOL%3F%28%E7%BE%BD%E7%94%9F%E5%96%84%E6%B2%BB%29&rft.date=2019-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D82U8LR6MSV0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairbairn, John. 1982. esorH drawkcaB ehT. <i>Shogi, 37,</i> p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nihonden.com/anime/sangatsu-lion-play-of-words">"A Lion's Play of Words"</a>. <i>Nihonden</i>. 2017-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nihonden&rft.atitle=A+Lion%27s+Play+of+Words&rft.date=2017-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnihonden.com%2Fanime%2Fsangatsu-lion-play-of-words&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>SHOGI Magazine</i> (70 issues, January 1976 – November 1987) by The Shogi Association (edited by George Hodges)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAono1983" class="citation book cs1">Aono, Teruichi (1983). <i>Better Moves for Better Shogi</i>. translated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fairbairn_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fairbairn (writer) (page does not exist)">John Fairbairn</a>. Tokyo, Japan: Sankaido Publishing Co., Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-381-00597-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-381-00597-7"><bdi>978-4-381-00597-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Better+Moves+for+Better+Shogi&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.pub=Sankaido+Publishing+Co.%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-4-381-00597-7&rft.aulast=Aono&rft.aufirst=Teruichi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAono1983" class="citation book cs1">Aono, Teruichi (1983). <i>Guide to Shogi Openings: Shogi Problems in Japanese and English</i>. translated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fairbairn_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fairbairn (writer) (page does not exist)">John Fairbairn</a>. Tokyo, Japan: Sankaido Publishing Co., Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-381-00598-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-381-00598-4"><bdi>978-4-381-00598-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Shogi+Openings%3A+Shogi+Problems+in+Japanese+and+English&rft.place=Tokyo%2C+Japan&rft.pub=Sankaido+Publishing+Co.%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-4-381-00598-4&rft.aulast=Aono&rft.aufirst=Teruichi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairbairn1986" class="citation book cs1">Fairbairn, John (1986). <i>Shogi for beginners</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ishi_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishi Press">Ishi Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-8718-720-10" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-8718-720-10"><bdi>978-4-8718-720-10</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shogi+for+beginners&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Ishi+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-4-8718-720-10&rft.aulast=Fairbairn&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabuHosking2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yoshiharu_Habu" title="Yoshiharu Habu">Habu, Yoshiharu</a>; Hosking, Tony (2000). <i>Habu's Words</i>. translated by Tony Hosking and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yamato_Takahashi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yamato Takahashi (page does not exist)">Yamato Takahashi</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%8B%E5%92%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:高橋和">ja</a>]</sup>. Stratford-upon-Avon, England: The Shogi Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9531089-2-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9531089-2-3"><bdi>978-0-9531089-2-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Habu%27s+Words&rft.place=Stratford-upon-Avon%2C+England&rft.pub=The+Shogi+Foundation&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-9531089-2-3&rft.aulast=Habu&rft.aufirst=Yoshiharu&rft.au=Hosking%2C+Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHosking1997" class="citation book cs1">Hosking, Tony (1997). <i>The Art of Shogi</i>. Stratford-upon-Avon, England: The Shogi Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9531089-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9531089-0-9"><bdi>978-0-9531089-0-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Shogi&rft.place=Stratford-upon-Avon%2C+England&rft.pub=The+Shogi+Foundation&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-9531089-0-9&rft.aulast=Hosking&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHosking2006" class="citation book cs1">Hosking, Tony (2006). <i>Classic Shogi: Games Collection</i>. Stratford-upon-Avon, England: The Shogi Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9531089-3-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9531089-3-0"><bdi>978-0-9531089-3-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classic+Shogi%3A+Games+Collection&rft.place=Stratford-upon-Avon%2C+England&rft.pub=The+Shogi+Foundation&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9531089-3-0&rft.aulast=Hosking&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchard1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Pritchard_(chess_player)" title="David Pritchard (chess player)">Pritchard, D. B.</a> (1994). "Shogi". <i>The Encyclopedia of Chess Variants</i>. Games & Puzzles Publications. pp. <span class="nowrap">269–</span>79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9524142-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9524142-0-1"><bdi>0-9524142-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shogi&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Chess+Variants&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E269-%3C%2Fspan%3E79&rft.pub=Games+%26+Puzzles+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-9524142-0-1&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=D.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYebisu2016" class="citation book cs1">Yebisu, Miles (2016). <i>Comprehensive shogi guide in English: How to play Japanese chess</i>. Laboratory Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comprehensive+shogi+guide+in+English%3A+How+to+play+Japanese+chess&rft.pub=Laboratory+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Yebisu&rft.aufirst=Miles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShogi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogi&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sh%C5%8Dgi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shōgi">Shōgi</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogishack.net/">Shogi Shack</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.teu.ac.jp/gamelab/SHOGI/shogipage.html">Reijer Grimbergen's Shogi Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.net/shogi.html">Shogi.Net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shogihub.com/">Shogi Hub</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130161751/http://shogihub.com/">Archived</a> 2022-11-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> portal for current information about the shogi world (tournaments, news, etc.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/shogi-l">Shogi-L</a> shogi mailing list</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ricoh.co.jp/SHOGI/index_e.html">Ricoh Shogi Page</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922182618/http://www.ricoh.co.jp/SHOGI/index_e.html">Archived</a> 2013-09-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://keishogi.web.fc2.com/dic/">Japanese–English shogi glossary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.net/shogivocab/vocabhtml.html">Hans Geuns' Basic Shogi Vocabulary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.pl/ism/">International Shogi Magazine</a></li></ul> <p><b>Rules</b> </p> <ul><li>Shogi Harbour: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.pl/level-1-shogi-course/">Level 1 Shogi Course</a> by women's professional player <a href="/wiki/Karolina_Styczy%C5%84ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Karolina Styczyńska">Karolina Styczyńska</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=587865CAE59EB84A&page=1">40 shogi lessons</a> on YouTube by HIDETCHI</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crockford.com/chess/shogi.html">An Introduction to Shogi for Chess Players</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060127011433/http://www.crockford.com/chess/shogi.html">Archived</a> 2006-01-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessvariants.org/shogi.html">Shogi</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bodlaender" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Bodlaender">Hans Bodlaender</a> and Fergus Duniho, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chess_Variant_Pages" title="The Chess Variant Pages">The Chess Variant Pages</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://81dojo.com/documents/Rules_and_Manners_of_Shogi">Rules and Manners of Shogi</a> by Tomohide Kawasaki (a.k.a. HIDETCHI)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.net/fesa/pdf/FESA%20rules.pdf">FESA - Shogi official playing rules</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106061240/http://shogi.net/fesa/pdf/FESA%20rules.pdf">Archived</a> 2021-11-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.chess.free.fr/shogi.htm">Shogi, the Japanese Chess</a> by Jean-Louis Cazaux</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.cz/en/rules">Shogi and Dobutsu-Animal shogi rules to download</a> by Filip Marek</li></ul> <p><b>Online play</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://81dojo.com/">81Dojo</a> English-language shogi play online</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lishogi.org/">Lishogi</a> free and open source shogi server</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shogidojo.net/">Shogi Dojo 24</a> shogi server in Japan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shogiwars.heroz.jp/?locale=en">Shogi Wars</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wars.fm/shogi10">Shogi Quest</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playok.com/en/shogi/">PlayOK shogi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldtoken.com/games/play?rules=Shogi">GoldToken</a> online turn-based shogi</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wsl.81dojo.com/">World Shogi League</a> international online tournament associated with 81Dojo and the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Shogi_Association" title="Japan Shogi Association">Japan Shogi Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hozo.biz/shogi.html">HamShogi</a> handicap shogi against the computer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shogi.net/shogi-l/Archive/2007/Njun15-05.txt">instructions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boardspace.net/english/about_shogi.html">boardspace.net</a> real time play against human or (weak) computer players.</li></ul> <p><b>Online tools</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shogidb2.com/">将棋DB2</a> shogi game record database <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kyokumen.jp/positions/1">Kyokumenpedia</a> game record databases as move decision tree with user-generated wiki annotations (associated with 81Dojo) <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://play.mogproject.com/">Shogi Playground</a> record or play through games, mate problems, board positions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sfenreader.appspot.com/en/create_board.html">Create Shogi Diagram on the Web</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Professional_shogi_title_tournaments36" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shogi_title_tournaments" title="Template:Shogi title tournaments"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shogi_title_tournaments" title="Template talk:Shogi title tournaments"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shogi_title_tournaments" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shogi title tournaments"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Professional_shogi_title_tournaments36" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Professional shogi title tournaments</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%AB%C5%8D" title="Ryūō">Ryūō</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">竜王</span></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meijin_(shogi)" title="Meijin (shogi)">Meijin</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">名人</span></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ei%C5%8D" title="Eiō">Eiō</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">叡王</span></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ci_(shogi)" title="Ōi (shogi)">Ōi</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">王位</span></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cza_(shogi)" title="Ōza (shogi)">Ōza</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">王座</span></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%8D" title="Kiō">Kiō</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">棋王</span></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Csh%C5%8D_(shogi)" title="Ōshō (shogi)">Ōshō</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">王将</span></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisei_(shogi)" title="Kisei (shogi)">Kisei</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">棋聖</span></span>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shogi_variants160" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shogi_variants" title="Template:Shogi variants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shogi_variants" title="Template talk:Shogi variants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shogi_variants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shogi variants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shogi_variants160" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shogi_variant" title="Shogi variant">Shogi variants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Standard shōgi</a> (9×9, drops)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Small variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dbutsu_sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Dōbutsu shōgi">Dōbutsu shōgi</a> (3×4, for children)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_shogi" title="Micro shogi">Micro shōgi</a> (4×5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minishogi" title="Minishogi">Minishōgi</a> (5×5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_shogi" title="Kyoto shogi">Kyoto shōgi</a> (5×5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogi_variant#Small_variants" title="Shogi variant">Goro goro shōgi</a> (5×6)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janken_shogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janken shogi (page does not exist)">Janken shōgi</a> (6×6; <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%82%93%E3%81%91%E3%82%93%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%8E" class="extiw" title="ja:じゃんけんしょうぎ">ja</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8C%9C%E6%8B%B3%E5%B0%87%E6%A3%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:猜拳將棋">zh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judkins_shogi" title="Judkins shogi">Judkins shōgi</a> (6×6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_shogi" title="Whale shogi">Whale shōgi</a> (6×6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tori_shogi" title="Tori shogi">Tori shōgi</a> (7×7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yari_shogi" title="Yari shogi">Yari shōgi</a> (7×9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuroShogi" title="EuroShogi">EuroShogi</a> (8×8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heian_shogi" title="Heian shogi">Heian shōgi</a> (8×8 or 9×8, 12th c.)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Chushogi_photo.jpg/150px-Chushogi_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Chushogi_photo.jpg/225px-Chushogi_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Chushogi_photo.jpg/300px-Chushogi_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="874" data-file-height="859" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standard-size variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sho_shogi" title="Sho shogi">Sho shōgi</a> (9×9, 16th c.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasami_shogi" title="Hasami shogi">Hasami shōgi</a> (9×9, 9 or 18 pc.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobi_shogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobi shogi (page does not exist)">Tobi shōgi</a> (9×9; <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E5%B0%87%E6%A3%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:跳將棋">zh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annan_shogi" title="Annan shogi">Annan shōgi</a> (9×9, neighbors influence movement)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonic_shogi" title="Masonic shogi">Masonic shōgi</a> (9×9, staggered ranks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexshogi" title="Hexshogi">Hexshōgi</a> (85 hex cells)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanakajima_shogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanakajima shogi (page does not exist)">Kawanakajima shōgi</a> (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E4%B8%AD%E5%B3%B6%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:川中島将棋">ja</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trishogi" title="Trishogi">Trishōgi</a> (9×10, triangular cells)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Large variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyo_shogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyo shogi (page does not exist)">Kyō shōgi</a> (10×10; <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:京将棋">ja</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okisaki_shogi" title="Okisaki shogi">Okisaki shōgi</a> (10×10)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_whale_shogi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great whale shogi (page does not exist)">Great whale shōgi</a> (11×11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oni_shogi" class="mw-redirect" title="Oni shogi">Oni shōgi</a> (11×11; <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AC%BC%E5%B0%87%E6%A3%8B" class="extiw" title="zh:鬼將棋">zh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_shogi" title="Wa shogi">Wa shōgi</a> (11×11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chu_shogi" title="Chu shogi">Chu shōgi</a> (12×12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heian_dai_shogi" title="Heian dai shogi">Heian dai shōgi</a> (13×13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_shogi" title="Dai shogi">Dai shōgi</a> (15×15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenjiku_shogi" title="Tenjiku shogi">Tenjiku shōgi</a> (16×16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_dai_shogi" title="Dai dai shogi">Dai-dai shōgi</a> (17×17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka_dai_dai_shogi" title="Maka dai dai shogi">Maka-dai-dai shōgi</a> (19×19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maka_dai_dai_shogi#Hishigata_shōgi" title="Maka dai dai shogi">Hishigata shōgi</a> (19×19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko_shogi" title="Ko shogi">Kō shōgi</a> (19×19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_shogi" title="Tai shogi">Tai shōgi</a> (25×25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikyoku_shogi" title="Taikyoku shogi">Taikyoku shōgi</a> (36×36)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiplayer variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sannin_shogi" title="Sannin shogi">Sannin shōgi</a> (hex board, 7 cells per side, 3-player game)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonin_shogi" title="Yonin shogi">Yonin shōgi</a> (9×9, 4-player game)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3D variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_shogi" title="Space shogi">Space shōgi</a> (9×9×9 variant)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunjin_Sh%C5%8Dgi" title="Gunjin Shōgi">Gunjin Shōgi</a> (various sizes)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chess_variants_(list)306" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chess_variants" title="Template:Chess variants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chess_variants" title="Template talk:Chess variants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chess_variants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chess variants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chess_variants_(list)306" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Chess variants</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orthodox rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Different starting position</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fischer_random_chess" class="mw-redirect" title="Fischer random chess">Fischer random chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_chess" title="Displacement chess">Displacement chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_chess" title="Transcendental chess">Transcendental chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Different number of pieces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunsany%27s_chess" title="Dunsany's chess">Dunsany's chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handicap_(chess)" title="Handicap (chess)">Handicap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorthodox board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balbo%27s_game" title="Balbo's game">Balbo's game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_chess" title="Circular chess">Circular chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_chess" title="Cylinder chess">Cylinder chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_chess" title="Double chess">Double chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_chess" title="Grid chess">Grid chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_chess" title="Hexagonal chess">Hexagonal chess</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cross_chess" title="Cross chess">Cross chess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masonic_chess" title="Masonic chess">Masonic chess</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinite_chess" title="Infinite chess">Infinite chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_3D_chess" title="Millennium 3D chess">Millennium 3D chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minichess" title="Minichess">Minichess</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_chess" title="Los Alamos chess">Los Alamos chess</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhombic_chess" title="Rhombic chess">Rhombic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spherical_chess" title="Spherical chess">Spherical chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_chess" title="Three-dimensional chess">Three-dimensional chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_chess" title="Triangular chess">Triangular chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorthodox<br />rules with<br />traditional<br />pieces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standard<br />8×8 board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andernach_chess" title="Andernach chess">Andernach chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_chess" title="Atomic chess">Atomic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut_chess" title="Beirut chess">Beirut chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkless_chess" title="Checkless chess">Checkless chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chessplus" title="Chessplus">Chessplus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe_chess" title="Circe chess">Circe chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazyhouse" title="Crazyhouse">Crazyhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_chess" title="Cubic chess">Cubic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamo_chess" title="Dynamo chess">Dynamo chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_chess" title="Extinction chess">Extinction chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostage_chess" title="Hostage chess">Hostage chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_relay_chess" title="Knight relay chess">Knight relay chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legan_chess" title="Legan chess">Legan chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing_chess" title="Losing chess">Losing chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasi_chess" title="Madrasi chess">Madrasi chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_chess" title="Monochromatic chess">Monochromatic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_chess" title="Patrol chess">Patrol chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlunderChess" title="PlunderChess">PlunderChess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal_chess" title="Portal chess">Portal chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_chess" title="Progressive chess">Progressive chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-check_chess" title="Three-check chess">Three-check chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants#Way_of_the_Knight" title="List of chess variants">Way of the Knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multimove variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_chess" title="Avalanche chess">Avalanche chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung-Fu_Chess" title="Kung-Fu Chess">Kung-Fu Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marseillais_chess" title="Marseillais chess">Marseillais chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_chess" title="Monster chess">Monster chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_chess" title="Progressive chess">Progressive chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements of chance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_chess" title="Dark chess">Dark chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dice_chess" title="Dice chess">Dice chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knightmare_Chess" title="Knightmare Chess">Knightmare Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriegspiel_(chess)" title="Kriegspiel (chess)">Kriegspiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penultima" title="Penultima">Penultima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorthodox rules on<br />an unorthodox board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_chess" title="Alice chess">Alice chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_(chess_variant)" title="Apocalypse (chess variant)">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_(chess_variant)" title="Chad (chess variant)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chessence" title="Chessence">Chessence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_(chess_variant)" title="Congo (chess variant)">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomat_chess" title="Diplomat chess">Diplomat chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(chess_variant)" title="Dragonfly (chess variant)">Dragonfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeson_Mor" title="Jeson Mor">Jeson Mor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_worlds_chess" title="Parallel worlds chess">Parallel worlds chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollerball_(chess_variant)" title="Rollerball (chess variant)">Rollerball</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/5D_Chess_with_Multiverse_Time_Travel" title="5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel">5D Chess with Multiverse Time Travel</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorthodox<br />rules using<br />non-traditional<br />pieces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standard 8×8 board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_chess" title="Baroque chess">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berolina_pawn#Berolina_chess" title="Berolina pawn">Berolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(chess_variant)" title="Chakra (chess variant)">Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_with_different_armies" title="Chess with different armies">Chess with different armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duell_(game)" title="Duell (game)">Duell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon%E2%80%93hunter_chess" title="Falcon–hunter chess">Falcon–hunter chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_chess" title="Grasshopper chess">Grasshopper chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants#Musketeer_chess" title="List of chess variants">Musketeer chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_mutation_chess" title="Pocket mutation chess">Pocket mutation chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheskers" title="Cheskers">Cheskers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compound pieces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almost_chess" title="Almost chess">Almost chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capablanca_chess" title="Capablanca chess">Capablanca chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capablanca_chess#Postdating_Capablanca_chess" title="Capablanca chess">Capablanca random chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_chess" title="Chancellor chess">Chancellor chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Chess#Embassy_chess" title="Grand Chess">Embassy chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Chess" title="Grand Chess">Grand Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_Chess" title="Janus Chess">Janus Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajah_and_the_Sepoys" title="Maharajah and the Sepoys">Maharajah and the Sepoys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_chess" title="Modern chess">Modern chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capablanca_chess#Seirawan_chess" title="Capablanca chess">Seirawan chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutti-frutti_chess" title="Tutti-frutti chess">Tutti-frutti chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorthodox<br />boards and pieces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chesquerque" title="Chesquerque">Chesquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_on_a_really_big_board" title="Chess on a really big board">Chess on a really big board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_chess#Modern_rules" title="Courier chess">Courier-Spiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragonchess" title="Dragonchess">Dragonchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gess" title="Gess">Gess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Chess" title="Omega Chess">Omega Chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratomic" title="Stratomic">Stratomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_chess_(game)" title="Triangular chess (game)">Dekle's triangular chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_A.D._(chess_variant)" title="2000 A.D. (chess variant)">2000 A.D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildebeest_chess" title="Wildebeest chess">Wildebeest chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_chess" title="Wolf chess">Wolf chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants#Variants_for_more_than_two_people" title="List of chess variants">Multiplayer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosworth_(game)" title="Bosworth (game)">Bosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bughouse_chess" title="Bughouse chess">Bughouse chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_chess" title="Business chess">Business chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djambi" title="Djambi">Djambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_(chess_variant)" title="Duchess (chess variant)">Duchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian_chess" title="Enochian chess">Enochian chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forchess" title="Forchess">Forchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_chess" title="Fortress chess">Fortress chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Fronts" title="Four Fronts">Four Fronts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-player_chess" title="Four-player chess">Four-player chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak-yek#Gala" title="Mak-yek">Gala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_and_brain" title="Hand and brain">Hand and brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatrochess" title="Quatrochess">Quatrochess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-man_chess" title="Three-man chess">Three-man chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-player_chess" title="Three-player chess">Three-player chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-chess" title="Tri-chess">Tri-chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inspired games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arimaa" title="Arimaa">Arimaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetan" title="Jetan">Jetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_chess" title="Martian chess">Martian chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navia_Dratp" title="Navia Dratp">Navia Dratp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Duke_(board_game)" title="The Duke (board game)">The Duke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chess-related<br />games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadarangam" title="Chadarangam">Chadarangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturaji" title="Chaturaji">Chaturaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturanga" title="Chaturanga">Chaturanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_chess" title="Courier chess">Courier chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Acedrex" title="Grant Acedrex">Grant Acedrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatranj" title="Shatranj">Shatranj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_assize" title="Short assize">Short assize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamerlane_chess" title="Tamerlane chess">Tamerlane chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janggi" title="Janggi">Janggi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Janggi_variants" title="List of Janggi variants">variants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makruk" title="Makruk">Makruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senterej" title="Senterej">Senterej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatar" title="Shatar">Shatar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shogi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chu_shogi" title="Chu shogi">Chu shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_shogi" title="Dai shogi">Dai shogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogi_variant" title="Shogi variant">Other variants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittuyin" title="Sittuyin">Sittuyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangqi" title="Xiangqi">Xiangqi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_(board_game)" title="Jungle (board game)">Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banqi" title="Banqi">Banqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_chess" title="Manchu chess">Manchu chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Game of the Three Kingdoms">Game of the Three Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_of_the_Three_Friends" title="Game of the Three Friends">Game of the Three Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_of_the_Seven_Kingdoms" title="Game of the Seven Kingdoms">Game of the Seven Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangqi_variant" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangqi variant">Other variants</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChessV" title="ChessV">ChessV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy-Max" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairy-Max">Fairy-Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBoard" title="XBoard">XBoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zillions_of_Games" title="Zillions of Games">Zillions of Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">Correspondence chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess" title="Fairy chess">Fairy chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy chess piece</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fairy_Chess_Review" title="Fairy Chess Review">Fairy Chess Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Chess_Variant_Pages" title="The Chess Variant Pages">The Chess Variant Pages</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox781" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" 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