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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lincoln_cent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lincoln_cent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lincoln cent</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lincoln_cent-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lincoln cent subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lincoln_cent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wheat_cent_(1909–1958)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wheat_cent_(1909–1958)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wheat cent (1909–1958)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wheat_cent_(1909–1958)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lincoln_Memorial_cent_(1959–2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lincoln_Memorial_cent_(1959–2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Lincoln Memorial cent (1959–2008)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lincoln_Memorial_cent_(1959–2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lincoln_Bicentennial_cents_(2009)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lincoln_Bicentennial_cents_(2009)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Lincoln Bicentennial cents (2009)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lincoln_Bicentennial_cents_(2009)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Union_shield_cent_(2010–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Union_shield_cent_(2010–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Union shield cent (2010–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Union_shield_cent_(2010–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_of_continued_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_of_continued_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Criticism of continued use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism_of_continued_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticism of continued use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism_of_continued_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proposals_to_eliminate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposals_to_eliminate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Proposals to eliminate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposals_to_eliminate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal_content_and_manufacturing_costs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal_content_and_manufacturing_costs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Metal content and manufacturing costs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal_content_and_manufacturing_costs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Toxicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_(%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9)" title="سنت (نقود الولايات المتحدة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سنت (نقود الولايات المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_si%C3%A1n_B%C3%AD-kim" title="1 sián Bí-kim – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1 sián Bí-kim" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Cent-M%C3%BCnze_(Vereinigte_Staaten)" title="1-Cent-Münze (Vereinigte Staaten) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1-Cent-Münze (Vereinigte Staaten)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneda_de_1_centavo_de_Estados_Unidos" title="Moneda de 1 centavo de Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Moneda de 1 centavo de Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unucenda_monero_(Usono)" title="Unucenda monero (Usono) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unucenda monero (Usono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C_(%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="پنی (سکه ایالات متحده آمریکا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنی (سکه ایالات متحده آمریکا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ce_de_1_cent_de_dollar_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Pièce de 1 cent de dollar américain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pièce de 1 cent de dollar américain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_1%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8_%EC%A3%BC%ED%99%94" title="미국 1센트 주화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 1센트 주화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_(dollaro_statunitense)" title="Cent (dollaro statunitense) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cent (dollaro statunitense)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98_(%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99)" title="סנט (מטבע אמריקני) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סנט (מטבע אמריקני)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikai_egycentes_%C3%A9rme" title="Amerikai egycentes érme – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amerikai egycentes érme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E7%A1%AC%E8%B2%A8_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD)" title="1セント硬貨 (アメリカ合衆国) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1セント硬貨 (アメリカ合衆国)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_(USA)" title="Cent (USA) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cent (USA)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_(%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%81)" title="سینٹ (امریکی سکہ) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سینٹ (امریکی سکہ)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeda_de_um_centavo_do_d%C3%B3lar_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Moeda de um centavo do dólar dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Moeda de um centavo do dólar dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Один цент США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Один цент США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Penny (United States coin)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_cent_(americk%C3%BD_dol%C3%A1r)" title="1 cent (americký dolár) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1 cent (americký dolár)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent_(Amerikan_para_birimi)" title="Cent (Amerikan para birimi) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cent (Amerikan para birimi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90)" title="Один цент (США) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Один цент (США)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_(ti%E1%BB%81n_xu_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3)" title="Penny (tiền xu Hoa Kỳ) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Penny (tiền xu Hoa Kỳ)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%E7%BE%8E%E5%88%86%E7%A1%AC%E5%B9%A3" title="1美分硬幣 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1美分硬幣" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161604#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" 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caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Cent</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;"><div class="location">United States of America</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Value</th><td class="infobox-data">0.01 U.S. Dollar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">(1982-present) 2.5 g (0.08 <a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">troy oz</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">19.05 mm (0.75 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Thickness</th><td class="infobox-data">1.52 mm (0.0598 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Edge</th><td class="infobox-data">Plain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Composition</th><td class="infobox-data">(1982–present) <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>-plated <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a><br />97.5% <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a>, 2.5% <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Years of minting</th><td class="infobox-data">1793–1814, 1816–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Catalog number</th><td class="infobox-data">–</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Obverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:US_One_Cent_Obv.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/US_One_Cent_Obv.png/220px-US_One_Cent_Obv.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/US_One_Cent_Obv.png/330px-US_One_Cent_Obv.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/US_One_Cent_Obv.png/440px-US_One_Cent_Obv.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victor_David_Brenner" title="Victor David Brenner">Victor D. Brenner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1909 (modified since)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Reverse</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Union Shield</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lyndall_Bass" title="Lyndall Bass">Lyndall Bass</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">2010–present</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>penny</b>, formally known as the <b>cent</b>, is a coin in the United States representing one-hundredth of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">dollar</a>. It has been the lowest face-value physical unit of U.S. currency since the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">half-cent</a> in 1857 (the abstract <a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)">mill</a>, which has never been minted, equal to a tenth of a cent, continues to see limited use in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation">taxation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a>). </p><p>The first U.S. cent was <a href="/wiki/Fugio_Cent" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugio Cent">produced in 1787</a>, and the cent has been issued primarily as a copper or copper-plated coin throughout its history. Due to <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>, pennies have lost virtually all their <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power" title="Purchasing power">purchasing power</a> and are often viewed as an expensive burden to businesses, banks, government (especially <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">mints</a>) and the public in general. </p><p>The penny is issued in its current form as the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln cent</a>, with its <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a> featuring the profile of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> since 1909, the <a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">centennial</a> of his birth. From 1959 (the <a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesquicentennial">sesquicentennial</a> of Lincoln's birth) to 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">reverse</a> featured the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a>. Four different reverse designs in 2009 honored Lincoln's 200th birthday and a new, "permanent" reverse – the Union Shield – was introduced in 2010. The coin is 0.75 inches (19.05 mm) in <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a> and 0.0598 inches (1.52 mm) in thickness. The current copper-plated zinc cent issued since 1982 weighs 2.5 grams, while the previous 95% copper cent still found in circulation weighed 3.11 g (see further below). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">U.S. Mint</a>'s official name for the coin is "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cent" class="extiw" title="wikt:cent">cent</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-Specifications_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Specifications-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">U.S. Treasury's</a> official name is "one cent piece".<sup id="cite_ref-Treasury_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treasury-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/colloquial" class="extiw" title="wikt:colloquial">colloquial</a> term <i>penny</i> derives from the <a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British decimal coin)">British coin of the same name</a>, which occupies a similar place in the British system. <i>Pennies</i> is the plural form (not to be confused with <i>pence</i>, which refers to the <a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">unit of currency</a>). </p><p>In the early 2010s, the price of metal used to make pennies rose to a noticeable cost to the mint which peaked at more than 2¢, a negative <a href="/wiki/Seigniorage" title="Seigniorage">seigniorage</a>, for the $0.01 face-value coin. This pushed the mint to look for alternative metals again for the coin, and also brought the <a href="/wiki/Penny_debate_in_the_United_States" title="Penny debate in the United States">debate about eliminating the coin</a> into more focus. As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> there are no firm plans to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-time_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_composition">History of composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The composition of the penny has varied over time:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: left;"> <th>Years</th> <th>Material</th> <th>Weight<br />(grains)</th> <th>Weight<br />(grams) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1793–1795</td> <td>~100% <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a></td> <td>208 grains</td> <td>13.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1795–1857</td> <td>~100% copper</td> <td>168 grains</td> <td>10.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1856–1864</td> <td>88% copper, 12% <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Nickel_silver" title="Nickel silver">NS-12</a>)</td> <td>72 grains</td> <td>4.67 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1864–1942</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc)</td> <td>48 grains</td> <td>3.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1943</td> <td>zinc-coated steel (also known as <a href="/wiki/1943_steel_cent" title="1943 steel cent">1943 steel cent</a>)</td> <td>42 grains</td> <td>2.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1944–1946</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gilding_metal" title="Gilding metal">gilding metal</a> (95% copper, 5% zinc)</td> <td>48 grains</td> <td>3.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947–1962</td> <td>bronze (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc)</td> <td>48 grains</td> <td>3.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962 – September 1982, 2009</td> <td>gilding metal (95% copper, 5% zinc)</td> <td>48 grains</td> <td>3.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 1982 – present</td> <td>copper-plated zinc (97.5% zinc, 2.5% copper)</td> <td>38.6 grains</td> <td>2.5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The isotope composition of early coins spanning the period 1828 to 1843 reflects the copper from <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Cornwall" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Cornwall">Cornish</a> ores from England, while coins after 1850 reflect the <a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_Peninsula" title="Keweenaw Peninsula">Keweenaw Peninsula</a>, Michigan ores, a finding consistent with historical records.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1943, at the peak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/1943_steel_cent" title="1943 steel cent">zinc-coated steel cents</a> were made for a short time because of war demands for copper. A few copper cents from 1943 were produced from 1942 <a href="/wiki/Planchet" title="Planchet">planchets</a> remaining in the bins. Similarly, some 1944 steel cents have been confirmed. From 1944 to 1946, salvaged <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a> shells made their way into the minting process, and it was not uncommon to see coins featuring streaks of <a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">brass</a> or having a considerably darker finish than other issues. </p><p>During the early 1970s, the price of copper rose to the point where the cent contained almost one cent's worth of copper. This led the Mint to test alternative metals, including <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>-clad <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a>. Aluminum was chosen, and over 1.5 million samples of the <a href="/wiki/1974_aluminum_cent" title="1974 aluminum cent">1974 aluminum cent</a> were struck before ultimately being rejected. </p><p>The cent's composition was changed in 1982 because the value of the copper in the coin started to rise above one cent.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 1982 cents used the 97.5% zinc composition, while others used the 95% copper composition. With the exception of 2009 bicentennial cents minted specifically for collectors, United States cents minted after 1982 have been zinc with copper plating. The bronze and copper cents can be distinguished from the newer zinc cents by dropping the coins on a solid surface, or by flipping them in the air with your thumb. The predominantly zinc coins make a lower-pitched "clunk" when hitting the surface, and make no sound when flipped in the air; while the copper coins produce a higher-pitched ringing sound.<sup id="cite_ref-ring_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ring-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, a full 50-cent roll of pre-1982/3 coins weighs 5.4 oz (150 g) compared to a post-1982–83 roll which weighs 4.4 oz (120 g). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Designs">Designs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The coin has gone through several designs over its two-hundred-year time frame. Until 1857 it was about the size of the current U.S. dollar coins (<a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">Susan B. Anthony</a> through present dollars). Shown below are the different cent designs that have been produced; mintage figures can be found at <a href="/wiki/United_States_cent_mintage_figures" title="United States cent mintage figures">United States cent mintage figures</a>. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Large_cent_(United_States_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Large cent (United States coin)">Large cents:</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chain_cent" title="Chain cent">Flowing Hair Chain</a> 1793</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreath_cent" title="Wreath cent">Flowing Hair Wreath</a> 1793</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Cap_Large_Cent" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Cap Large Cent">Liberty Cap</a> 1793–1796</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a> 1796–1807</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a> 1808–1814</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matron_Head" class="mw-redirect" title="Matron Head">Coronet</a> 1816–1839</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_Hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Braided Hair">Braided Hair</a> 1839–1857, 1868 (not a regular issue)</li></ul> <p><b>Small cents:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Eagle_cent" title="Flying Eagle cent">Flying Eagle cent</a> (1856–1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_cent" title="Indian Head cent">Indian Head cent</a> (1859–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln cent</a> (1909–present) <ul><li>Lincoln Wheat (1909–1958)</li> <li>Lincoln Memorial (1959–2008)</li> <li>Lincoln Bicentennial 4 reverse designs (2009)</li> <li>Lincoln Union Shield<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2010–present)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>No cent coins were stamped with the year 1815. Shipments of copper <a href="/wiki/Planchet" title="Planchet">planchets</a> from the United Kingdom were embargoed during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, and the Mint's supply was exhausted in October 1814. Cent coins resumed minting in December 1815, though it is not clear whether these were stamped 1814 or 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout its history, the Lincoln cent has featured several <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typefaces</a> for the date, but most of the digits have been <a href="/wiki/Text_figures" title="Text figures">old-style numerals</a>, except with the 4 and 8 neither ascending nor descending. The only significant divergence is that the small 3 was non-descending (the same size as a 0, 1, or 2) in the early history, before switching to a descending, large 3 for the year 1934 and then permanently (as of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) in 1943. Similarly, the digit 5 was small and non-descending up to 1945. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1794_1C_%27Venus_Marina%27_(S-32)_(obv).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liberty Cap cent, 1794"><img alt="Liberty Cap cent, 1794" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/1794_1C_%27Venus_Marina%27_%28S-32%29_%28obv%29.jpg/120px-1794_1C_%27Venus_Marina%27_%28S-32%29_%28obv%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/1794_1C_%27Venus_Marina%27_%28S-32%29_%28obv%29.jpg/180px-1794_1C_%27Venus_Marina%27_%28S-32%29_%28obv%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/1794_1C_%27Venus_Marina%27_%28S-32%29_%28obv%29.jpg/240px-1794_1C_%27Venus_Marina%27_%28S-32%29_%28obv%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Liberty Cap cent, 1794</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1811_cent_obv.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Classic Head cent, 1811"><img alt="Classic Head cent, 1811" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/1811_cent_obv.jpg/120px-1811_cent_obv.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/1811_cent_obv.jpg/180px-1811_cent_obv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/1811_cent_obv.jpg/240px-1811_cent_obv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="315" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Classic Head cent, 1811</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1850_large_cent_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Braided Hair large cent, 1850"><img alt="Braided Hair large cent, 1850" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1850_large_cent_obverse.jpg/119px-1850_large_cent_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1850_large_cent_obverse.jpg/178px-1850_large_cent_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/1850_large_cent_obverse.jpg/238px-1850_large_cent_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Braided Hair large cent, 1850</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NNC-US-1858-1C-Flying_Eagle_Cent.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flying Eagle small cent, 1858"><img alt="Flying Eagle small cent, 1858" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NNC-US-1858-1C-Flying_Eagle_Cent.jpg/120px-NNC-US-1858-1C-Flying_Eagle_Cent.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NNC-US-1858-1C-Flying_Eagle_Cent.jpg/180px-NNC-US-1858-1C-Flying_Eagle_Cent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NNC-US-1858-1C-Flying_Eagle_Cent.jpg/240px-NNC-US-1858-1C-Flying_Eagle_Cent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6455" data-file-height="3250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flying Eagle small cent, 1858</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NNC-US-1859-1C-Indian_Head_Cent_(wreath).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian Head cent, 1859"><img alt="Indian Head cent, 1859" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/NNC-US-1859-1C-Indian_Head_Cent_%28wreath%29.jpg/120px-NNC-US-1859-1C-Indian_Head_Cent_%28wreath%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/NNC-US-1859-1C-Indian_Head_Cent_%28wreath%29.jpg/180px-NNC-US-1859-1C-Indian_Head_Cent_%28wreath%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/NNC-US-1859-1C-Indian_Head_Cent_%28wreath%29.jpg/240px-NNC-US-1859-1C-Indian_Head_Cent_%28wreath%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6435" data-file-height="3250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indian Head cent, 1859</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lincoln_cent">Lincoln cent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lincoln cent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln cent</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1937-Wheat-Penny-Front-Back.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1937 Wheat cent"><img alt="A 1937 Wheat cent" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1937-Wheat-Penny-Front-Back.jpg/120px-1937-Wheat-Penny-Front-Back.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1937-Wheat-Penny-Front-Back.jpg/180px-1937-Wheat-Penny-Front-Back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1937-Wheat-Penny-Front-Back.jpg/240px-1937-Wheat-Penny-Front-Back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="742" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 1937 <a href="/wiki/Wheat_cent" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat cent">Wheat cent</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_penny,_obverse,_2002.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cameo proof Lincoln cent, obverse"><img alt="Cameo proof Lincoln cent, obverse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/120px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/180px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/240px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="901" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cameo_(coinage)" title="Cameo (coinage)">Cameo</a> <a href="/wiki/Proof_coinage" title="Proof coinage">proof</a> Lincoln cent, <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1990-issue_US_Penny_obverse_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Obverse side of a cent after 17 years of circulation"><img alt="Obverse side of a cent after 17 years of circulation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1990-issue_US_Penny_obverse_2.jpg/120px-1990-issue_US_Penny_obverse_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1990-issue_US_Penny_obverse_2.jpg/180px-1990-issue_US_Penny_obverse_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/1990-issue_US_Penny_obverse_2.jpg/240px-1990-issue_US_Penny_obverse_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2124" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Obverse side of a cent after 17 years of circulation</div> </li> </ul> <p>The Lincoln cent is the current one-cent coin of the U.S. It was adopted in 1909 (which would have been Lincoln's 100th birthday), replacing the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_cent" title="Indian Head cent">Indian Head cent</a>. Its reverse was changed in 1959 from a wheat-stalks design to a design which includes the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> (to commemorate Lincoln's sesquicentennial) and was replaced again in 2009 with four new designs to commemorate Lincoln's bicentennial. There are more one-cent coins produced than any other denomination, which makes the Lincoln cent a familiar item. In its lifespan, this coin has weathered both world wars, one of which temporarily changed its composition as part of the war effort. The obverse design is the longest produced for any circulating American coin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Cents,_1941-1974.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lincoln_Cents%2C_1941-1974.png/440px-Lincoln_Cents%2C_1941-1974.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lincoln_Cents%2C_1941-1974.png/660px-Lincoln_Cents%2C_1941-1974.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Lincoln_Cents%2C_1941-1974.png/880px-Lincoln_Cents%2C_1941-1974.png 2x" data-file-width="5270" data-file-height="2312" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Coin_collecting" title="Coin collecting">collection</a> of Lincoln cents from 1941 to 1974. Nearly complete set in a folder. Also features two error coins.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:288px;max-width:288px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Reverses of the Lincoln cent</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wheatback2014.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wheatback2014.png/140px-Wheatback2014.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wheatback2014.png/210px-Wheatback2014.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wheatback2014.png/280px-Wheatback2014.png 2x" data-file-width="2152" data-file-height="2152" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Wheat (1909–1958)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png/140px-2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png/210px-2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png/280px-2005_Penny_Rev_Unc_D.png 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="742" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Lincoln Memorial (1959–2008)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Formative_Years_in_Indiana_Reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Formative_Years_in_Indiana_Reverse.jpg/140px-Formative_Years_in_Indiana_Reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Formative_Years_in_Indiana_Reverse.jpg/210px-Formative_Years_in_Indiana_Reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Formative_Years_in_Indiana_Reverse.jpg/280px-Formative_Years_in_Indiana_Reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="854" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Formative Years in Indiana (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>When the Lincoln one-cent coin made its initial appearance in 1909, it marked a radical departure from the accepted styling of <a href="/wiki/United_States_coinage" class="mw-redirect" title="United States coinage">United States coinage</a>, as it was the first regular coin to bear a portrait other than the mythical <a href="/wiki/Liberty_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty (goddess)">Liberty</a> which appeared on most pre-1909 regular coins. Previously, a strong feeling had prevailed against using portraits on coins in the United States, but public sentiment stemming from the 100th anniversary celebration of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s birth proved stronger than the long-standing tradition. </p><p>A variety of privately minted tokens bearing Lincoln's image circulated as one-cent pieces during Lincoln's presidency; legitimate coinage had become scarce during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. These early tokens undoubtedly influenced the denomination, appearance, size, and composition of Lincoln cents. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, the 26th U.S. president, thought American coins were so common and uninspiring that he attempted to get the motto "In God We Trust" removed as offending religion. Roosevelt had the opportunity to pose for a young Lithuanian-born Jew, <a href="/wiki/Victor_David_Brenner" title="Victor David Brenner">Victor David Brenner</a>, who, since arriving nineteen years earlier in the United States had become one of the nation's premier medalists. Roosevelt had learned of Brenner's talents in a settlement house on New York City's <a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a> and was immediately impressed with a bas-relief that Brenner had made of Lincoln, based on a <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a> photograph. Roosevelt, who considered Lincoln the savior of the Union and the greatest Republican president, and who also considered himself Lincoln's political heir, ordered the new Lincoln cent to be based on Brenner's work and to be released just in time to commemorate Lincoln's 100th birthday in 1909. The likeness of President Lincoln on the obverse of the coin is an adaptation of a plaque Brenner created several years earlier which had come to the attention of President Roosevelt in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the prescribed elements on U.S. coins—LIBERTY and the date—the motto <a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a> appeared for the first time on a coin of this denomination. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> passed the Act of March 3, 1865, authorizing the use of this motto on U.S. coins,<sup id="cite_ref-history_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during Lincoln's tenure in office. </p><p>Even though no legislation was required for the new design, approval of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> was necessary to make the change. <a href="/wiki/Franklin_MacVeagh" title="Franklin MacVeagh">Franklin MacVeagh</a> gave his approval on July 14, 1909, and not quite three weeks later, on August 2, the new coin was released to the public. </p><p>In 1918, after the controversy over Brenner's name and initials on the reverse had died down, his initials were placed on the obverse with no further controversy. They are to be found in minute form on the rim of the bust, just under the shoulder of Lincoln. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wheat_cent_(1909–1958)"><span id="Wheat_cent_.281909.E2.80.931958.29"></span>Wheat cent (1909–1958)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wheat cent (1909–1958)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study of three potential reverses resulted in the approval of a very simple design bearing two <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheatheads</a> in memorial style. Between these, in the center of the coin, are the denomination and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, while curving around the upper border is the national motto, <i><a href="/wiki/E_pluribus_unum" title="E pluribus unum">E Pluribus Unum</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "Out of Many, One". </p><p>The original model bore Brenner's name on the reverse, curving along the rim below UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Before the coins were issued, however, the initials "VDB" were substituted because officials at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> felt the name was too prominent. After the coin was released, many protested that even the initials were conspicuous and detracted from the design. Because the coin was in great demand, and because to make a change would have required halting production, the decision was made to eliminate the initials entirely. </p><p>Thus in 1909 the U.S. had six different cents: the 1909 and 1909-S <a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_cent" title="Indian Head cent">Indian Head cents</a>, and four Lincoln coins: 1909 <b>VDB</b>, 1909-S VDB, 1909 and 1909-S. In all cases the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> mintages far exceeded the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> issues. While the smallest mintage is the '09-S Indian, the '09-S VDB is the key Lincoln date, and hence is most valuable. Its mintage of 484,000 is only 1.7% of the plain V.D.B. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lincoln_Memorial_cent_(1959–2008)"><span id="Lincoln_Memorial_cent_.281959.E2.80.932008.29"></span>Lincoln Memorial cent (1959–2008)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lincoln Memorial cent (1959–2008)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20050228_200242_1_revers_lincoln.999x989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/20050228_200242_1_revers_lincoln.999x989.jpg/150px-20050228_200242_1_revers_lincoln.999x989.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/20050228_200242_1_revers_lincoln.999x989.jpg/225px-20050228_200242_1_revers_lincoln.999x989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/20050228_200242_1_revers_lincoln.999x989.jpg/300px-20050228_200242_1_revers_lincoln.999x989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="989" /></a><figcaption>Detail of reverse showing Lincoln statue inside the memorial</figcaption></figure> <p>On February 12, 1959, a revised reverse design was introduced as part of the 150th anniversary of Lincoln's birth. No formal competition was held. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gasparro" title="Frank Gasparro">Frank Gasparro</a>, then Assistant Engraver at the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a>, prepared the winning entry, selected from a group of 23 models that the engraving staff at the Mint had been asked to present for consideration. Again, only the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury was necessary to make the change because the design had been in use for more than the required 25 years. The imposing marble <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> provides the central motif, with the legends <i>E Pluribus Unum</i> and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA completing the design, together with the denomination. The initials "FG" appear on the right, near the shrubbery. This series is noteworthy for having the image of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> both on the obverse and reverse, as his likeness can be discerned at the center of the memorial on the reverse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lincoln_Bicentennial_cents_(2009)"><span id="Lincoln_Bicentennial_cents_.282009.29"></span>Lincoln Bicentennial cents (2009)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lincoln Bicentennial cents (2009)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Presidential_$1_Coin_Act_of_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005">Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005</a> required that the cent's reverse be redesigned in 2009. This resulted in the mintage of four different coins showing scenes from Abraham Lincoln's life in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Bicentennial" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial">bicentennial</a> of his birth. </p><p>These four designs, unveiled September 22, 2008, at a ceremony held at the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> on the National Mall in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, are: </p> <ul><li>Birth and early childhood in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>: this design features a <a href="/wiki/Log_cabin" title="Log cabin">log cabin</a> and Lincoln's birth year 1809. It was designed by Richard Masters and sculpted by Jim Licaretz. This cent was released into circulation on Lincoln's 200th birthday, February 12, 2009, at a special ceremony at <a href="/wiki/LaRue_County_High_School" title="LaRue County High School">LaRue County High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hodgenville,_Kentucky" title="Hodgenville, Kentucky">Hodgenville, Kentucky</a>, Lincoln's birthplace.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mintage was extremely low compared to prior years (see <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent_mintage_figures" title="Lincoln cent mintage figures">Lincoln cent mintage figures</a>). It has been nicknamed the "Log Cabin Penny".</li> <li>Formative years in <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>: this design features a young Lincoln reading while taking a break from rail splitting. It was designed and sculpted by Charles Vickers. Nicknamed the "Indiana Penny", it was released on May 14, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-WP-20090216_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-20090216-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Professional life in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>: this design features a young professional Lincoln standing before the <a href="/wiki/Old_State_Capitol_State_Historic_Site" title="Old State Capitol State Historic Site">Illinois State Capitol</a>, in Springfield. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Joel_Iskowitz" title="Joel Iskowitz">Joel Iskowitz</a> and sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Don_Everhart" title="Don Everhart">Don Everhart</a>. Nicknamed the "Illinois Penny", it was released on August 13, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-WP-20090216_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-20090216-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Presidency in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: this design features the half-completed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_dome" title="United States Capitol dome">Capitol dome</a>. It was designed by Susan Gamble and sculpted by Joseph Menna. This fourth cent was released to the public on November 12, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-WP-20090216_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-20090216-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. Mint released collector's sets containing this design in copper prior to the public launch of this design in zinc.</li></ul> <p>Special 2009 cents struck for sale in sets to collectors had the metallic copper content of cents minted in 1909 (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those struck for circulation retained the normal composition of a zinc core coated with copper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Union_shield_cent_(2010–present)"><span id="Union_shield_cent_.282010.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Union shield cent (2010–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Union shield cent (2010–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png/220px-US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png/330px-US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png/440px-US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption>Reverse of a Union Shield penny</figcaption></figure> <p>The 2005 act that authorized the redesign for the Bicentennial stated that another redesigned reverse for the Lincoln cent will be minted which "shall bear an image emblematic of President Lincoln's preservation of the United States of America as a single and united country".<sup id="cite_ref-redesignlaw_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redesignlaw-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eighteen designs were proposed for the reverse of the 2010 cent.<sup id="cite_ref-designs_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designs-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 16, 2009, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_of_Fine_Arts" title="United States Commission of Fine Arts">Commission of Fine Arts</a> (CFA) met and selected a design that showed 13 wheat sheaves bound together with a ring symbolizing American unity as one nation.<sup id="cite_ref-cfa_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cfa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later this design was withdrawn because it was similar to coinage issued in Germany in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-ccac_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccac-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Citizens_Coinage_Advisory_Committee" title="Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee">Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee</a> later met and chose a design showing a Union shield with <span style="font-size:85%;">ONE CENT</span> superimposed in a scroll; <a href="/wiki/E_pluribus_unum" title="E pluribus unum">E Pluribus Unum</a> was also depicted in the upper portion of the shield.<sup id="cite_ref-ccac_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccac-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2009 the CFA met again and chose a design featuring a modern rendition of the <a href="/wiki/American_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="American flag">American flag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ccac/_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccac/-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a part of the release ceremony for the last of the 2009 cents on November 12, the design for the 2010 cent was announced.<sup id="cite_ref-designchose_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designchose-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design chosen was the one that was chosen earlier by the CCAC.<sup id="cite_ref-designchose_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designchose-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Mint, the 13 stripes on the shield "represent the states joined in one compact union to support the Federal government, represented by the horizontal bar above".<sup id="cite_ref-mintpr_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mintpr-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mint also noted that a shield was commonly used in paintings in the Capitol hallways painted by <a href="/wiki/Constantino_Brumidi" title="Constantino Brumidi">Constantino Brumidi</a>, an artist in the Capitol active during the Lincoln Presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-mintpr_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mintpr-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The obverse of the cent was also changed to a modern rendition of Brenner's design.<sup id="cite_ref-headsmod_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-headsmod-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-designchose_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designchose-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new Union Shield design replaces the Lincoln memorial in use since 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-designchose_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designchose-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coin was designed by artist <a href="/wiki/Lyndall_Bass" title="Lyndall Bass">Lyndall Bass</a> and sculpted by U.S. Mint sculptor-engraver <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Menna" title="Joseph Menna">Joseph Menna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-designer_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designer-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2010, the coins were released early in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-rico_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rico-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this was caused by a shortage of 2009-dated pennies on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-headsmod_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-headsmod-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new design was released at a ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library">Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield, Illinois</a> on February 11, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-ceremony_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceremony-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, cents minted in Philadelphia were struck with a "P" mintmark to celebrate the 225th anniversary of the U.S. Mint. 2017 is the only year that Philadelphia cents have had a mintmark.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the United States Mint, the West Point Mint minted pennies marked with a "W" mintmark which was only available with proof sets, wrapped separately from the proof set in its own United States Mint plastic wrap.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_of_continued_use">Criticism of continued use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Criticism of continued use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposals_to_eliminate">Proposals to eliminate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Proposals to eliminate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penny_debate_in_the_United_States" title="Penny debate in the United States">Penny debate in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_penny" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian penny">Canadian penny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_one-cent_coin" title="Australian one-cent coin">Australian one-cent coin</a></div> <p>It has been suggested that the penny should be eliminated as a unit of currency for several reasons. As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, about a quarter trillion pennies are estimated to be in circulation, or more than 700 pennies for each person the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Americans do not actually spend pennies, but rather only receive them in change at stores and proceed to store them at home, or perhaps return them to a bank for higher denomination currencies, or cash them in at <a href="/wiki/Coin_counter" class="mw-redirect" title="Coin counter">coin counting kiosks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most modern vending machines do not accept pennies, further diminishing their utility.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In addition, the production cost now exceeds the face value of the coin, caused by increasing inflation.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001 and 2006, for example, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Kolbe" title="Jim Kolbe">Jim Kolbe</a> (R) of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> introduced bills which would have stopped production of pennies (in 2001, the <a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Modernization_Act" title="Legal Tender Modernization Act">Legal Tender Modernization Act</a>, and in 2006, the Currency Overhaul for an Industrious Nation [COIN] Act).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In anticipation of the business of melting down U.S. pennies and U.S. nickels for profit, the U.S. Mint, which is a part of the <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of the Treasury">US Department of the Treasury</a>, implemented new regulations<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on December 14, 2006, which criminalize the melting of pennies and nickels and place limits on export of the coins. Violators can be punished with a fine of up to $10,000 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a>, imprisoned for a maximum of five years, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metal_content_and_manufacturing_costs">Metal content and manufacturing costs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Metal content and manufacturing costs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The price of metal drives the cost to manufacture a cent. The Secretary of the Treasury has authority to alter the percentage of copper and zinc in the one-cent coin if needed due to cost fluctuations.<sup id="cite_ref-United_States_Mint_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_States_Mint-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For years, the Mint's production and shipping costs for cents have exceeded the face value of the coin (the Mint's fixed costs and overhead, however, are absorbed by other circulating coins).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the U.S. Treasury loses tens of millions of dollars every year producing cents. For example, the loss in 2013 was $55 million.<sup id="cite_ref-news.coinupdate.com_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.coinupdate.com-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <caption>Cost to manufacture and distribute a penny, in cents </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Fiscal year </th> <th>2010 <sup id="cite_ref-United_States_Mint_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_States_Mint-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2013 <sup id="cite_ref-news.coinupdate.com_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.coinupdate.com-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2014 <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2015 <sup id="cite_ref-http://coincollectingenterprises.com/information/cost-to-make-a-penny/penny-production-cost_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://coincollectingenterprises.com/information/cost-to-make-a-penny/penny-production-cost-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2016 <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2017 </th> <th>2018 <sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2019 <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2022 <sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Cost (cents) </td> <td>1.79 </td> <td>2.41 </td> <td>2.00 </td> <td>1.83 </td> <td>1.70 </td> <td>1.67 </td> <td>1.50 </td> <td>1.82 </td> <td>2.06 </td> <td>1.99 </td> <td>2.72 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>When copper reached a record high in February 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the melt value of a 95% copper cent was more than three times its face value. As of January 21, 2014, a pre-1982 cent contained 2.203 cents' worth of copper and zinc, making it an attractive target for melting by people wanting to sell the metals for profit. In comparison, post-1982 copper-plated zinc cents have a metallurgical value of only 0.552 cent.<sup id="cite_ref-coinflation.com_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coinflation.com-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to 1982, the fluctuating price of copper periodically caused penny shortages, as people hoarded them for their perceived metallic value.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Toxicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Zinc_toxicity" title="Zinc toxicity">Zinc toxicity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copper_toxicity" title="Copper toxicity">Copper toxicity</a></div> <p>Zinc, a major component of U.S. cents minted after mid-1982, is toxic in large quantities. Swallowing such a coin, which is 97.5% zinc, can cause damage to the stomach lining because of the high solubility of the zinc ion in the acidic stomach.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign body in children but generally are allowed to pass spontaneously unless the patient is symptomatic.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zinc toxicity, mostly in the form of the ingestion of U.S. pennies minted after 1982, is commonly fatal in dogs where it causes a severe <a href="/wiki/Hemolytic_anemia" title="Hemolytic anemia">hemolytic anemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also highly toxic in <a href="/wiki/Companion_parrot" title="Companion parrot">pet parrots</a> and can often be fatal.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1909-S_VDB_Lincoln_Cent" title="1909-S VDB Lincoln Cent">1909-S VDB Lincoln Cent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_steel_cent" title="1943 steel cent">1943 steel cent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_copper_cent" class="mw-redirect" title="1943 copper cent">1943 copper cent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_doubled-die_cent" class="mw-redirect" title="1955 doubled-die cent">1955 doubled-die cent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_aluminum_cent" title="1974 aluminum cent">1974 aluminum cent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent_(United_States_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Large cent (United States coin)">Large cent (United States coin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Modernization_Act" title="Legal Tender Modernization Act">Legal Tender Modernization Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)">Mill (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_(Canadian_coin)" title="Penny (Canadian coin)">Penny (Canadian coin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_debate_in_the_United_States" title="Penny debate in the United States">Penny debate in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cent" title="Ring cent">Ring cent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_a_penny,_leave_a_penny" title="Take a penny, leave a penny">Take a penny, leave a penny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_coin_production" title="United States Mint coin production">United States Mint coin production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent_mintage_figures" title="Lincoln cent mintage figures">Lincoln cent mintage figures</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Specifications-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Specifications_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091111035023/http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/index.cfm?action=Coin_specifications">"The United States Mint Coin Specifications"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/index.cfm?action=coin_specifications">the original</a> on November 11, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2009</span>. <q>Denomination:Cent; Nickel; Dime; Quarter Dollar.... (categories across the top of the specifications chart)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Mint+Coin+Specifications&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Mint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Fabout_the_mint%2Findex.cfm%3Faction%3Dcoin_specifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treasury-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Treasury_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/faqs/Coins/Pages/denominations.aspx">"Denominations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317025911/http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/faqs/Coins/Pages/denominations.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2015</span>. <q>The proper term is "one cent piece," but in common usage this coins is often referred to as a penny or cent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Denominations&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+the+Treasury&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treasury.gov%2Fresource-center%2Ffaqs%2FCoins%2FPages%2Fdenominations.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-time_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicks2016" class="citation web cs1">Nicks, Denver (April 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.com/get-rid-of-penny-jacob-lew/">"Even the U.S. Treasury Secretary Wants to Scrap the Penny"</a>. <i>Money.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805212857/https://money.com/get-rid-of-penny-jacob-lew/">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Money.com&rft.atitle=Even+the+U.S.+Treasury+Secretary+Wants+to+Scrap+the+Penny&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft.aulast=Nicks&rft.aufirst=Denver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.com%2Fget-rid-of-penny-jacob-lew%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/learn/coin-and-medal-programs/coin-specifications">"Coin Specifications"</a>. September 20, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506205342/https://www.usmint.gov/learn/coin-and-medal-programs/coin-specifications">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coin+Specifications&rft.date=2016-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Flearn%2Fcoin-and-medal-programs%2Fcoin-specifications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Mint2019" class="citation web cs1">U.S. Mint (September 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/learn/history/coin-production#composition">"Coin Production"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218023158/https://www.usmint.gov/learn/history/coin-production#composition">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coin+Production&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft.au=U.S.+Mint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Flearn%2Fhistory%2Fcoin-production%23composition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathur2009" class="citation journal cs1">Mathur, R (2009). "The history of the United States cent revealed through copper isotope fractionation". <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>36</b> (2): 430–433. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2008.09.029">10.1016/j.jas.2008.09.029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=The+history+of+the+United+States+cent+revealed+through+copper+isotope+fractionation&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=430-433&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2008.09.029&rft.aulast=Mathur&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeridith2022" class="citation web cs1">Meridith, Stephanie (February 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/learn/history/historic-coin-production">"Historic Coin Production"</a>. <i>United States Mint</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230618100733/https://www.usmint.gov/learn/history/historic-coin-production">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Mint&rft.atitle=Historic+Coin+Production&rft.date=2022-02-01&rft.aulast=Meridith&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Flearn%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric-coin-production&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ring-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ring_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707074834/http://coins.about.com/od/uscoins/f/copper_to_zinc.htm">"Is my Penny a Copper, or a Zinc Cent?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coins.about.com/od/uscoins/f/copper_to_zinc.htm">the original</a> on July 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+my+Penny+a+Copper%2C+or+a+Zinc+Cent%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoins.about.com%2Fod%2Fuscoins%2Ff%2Fcopper_to_zinc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/lincolnRedesign/?action=2010Penny">"The United States Mint Coins and Medals Program"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Heads+Abe%2C+Tails+New+On+Pennies+Marking+Lincoln+Bicentennial&rft.pages=A11&rft.date=2009-02-17&rft.aulast=O%27Keefe&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2009%2F02%2F16%2FAR2009021601311.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.usmint.gov/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10001&storeId=10001&productId=14920&langId=-1">"U.S. Mint Online Product Catalog"</a>. 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Retrieved November 30, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-designs-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-designs_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2009" class="citation web cs1">Staff (June 9, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091125204203/http://2010lincolncents.com/2010-lincoln-cent-design-proposals/">"2010 Lincoln Cent Design Proposals"</a>. 2010 Lincoln Cents. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2010lincolncents.com/2010-lincoln-cent-design-proposals/">the original</a> on November 25, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2009</span>. <q>There were initially 18 design proposals for the 2010 Lincoln Cent reverse.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+Lincoln+Cent+Design+Proposals&rft.pub=2010+Lincoln+Cents&rft.date=2009-06-09&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2010lincolncents.com%2F2010-lincoln-cent-design-proposals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cfa-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cfa_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAllister2009" class="citation journal cs1">McAllister, Bill (May 4, 2009). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2010</span>. <q>The reverse of the 2010 and beyond Lincoln cent was designed by United States Mint Artistic Infusion Program Associate Designer Lyndall Bass and executed by United States Mint Sculptor-Engraver Joseph Menna.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Mint+Launches+2010+Lincoln+One-Cent+Coin&rft.pub=United+States+Mint&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusmint.gov%2Fpressroom%2Findex.cfm%3Faction%3Dpress_release%26ID%3D1101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rico-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rico_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilkes2010" class="citation journal cs1">Gilkes, Paul (February 8, 2010). 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Archived from the original on February 14, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2010</span>. <q>The newest—and for now permanent—version of the Lincoln penny was unveiled this morning at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Museum...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=State+Journal-Register&rft.atitle=Collectors+seek+to+turn+profit+on+pennies&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft.au=Ruston%2C+Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sj-r.com%2Fbreaking%2Fx228082611%2FNew-Lincoln-penny-design-unveiled-in-Springfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMorrow-Hernandez2017" class="citation web cs1">McMorrow-Hernandez, Joshua (January 16, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coinweek.com/us-mint-news/philadelphia-mint-quietly-releases-2017-p-lincoln-cent/">"Philadelphia Mint Quietly Releases 2017-P Lincoln Cent"</a>. <i>coinweek.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190607134356/https://coinweek.com/us-mint-news/philadelphia-mint-quietly-releases-2017-p-lincoln-cent/">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usmint.gov&rft.atitle=United+States+Mint+Proof+Set+%7C+U.S.+Mint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmint.gov%2Fnews%2Fpress-releases%2F2019-united-states-mint-proof-set-now-available&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2024" class="citation news cs1">Weaver, Caity (September 1, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/01/magazine/worthless-pennies-united-states-economy.html">"America Must Free Itself from the Tyranny of the Penny"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=America+Must+Free+Itself+from+the+Tyranny+of+the+Penny&rft.date=2024-09-01&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Caity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F09%2F01%2Fmagazine%2Fworthless-pennies-united-states-economy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagenbaugh2006" class="citation news cs1">Hagenbaugh, Barbara (May 9, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/2006-05-09-penny-usat_x.htm">"Coins cost more to make than face value"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090307031235/http://www.usatoday.com/money/2006-05-09-penny-usat_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Kill-the-penny+bill+introduced&rft.date=2006-07-18&rft.aulast=Zappone&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2006%2F07%2F18%2Fnews%2Fpenny%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/news/press-releases/20061214-united-states-mint-moves-to-limit-exportation-melting-of-coins">"United States Mint Moves to Limit Exportation & Melting of Coins"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+Melt+Value+Of+Coins+%E2%80%93+How+Much+Is+Your+Coin+Worth%3F&rft.pub=Coinflation.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coinflation.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley1982" class="citation news cs1">Bradley, Paul (April 20, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_boston-phoenix_1982-04-20_11_16/page/n34/mode/1up">"On the scent of a shortage: A penny saved is a penny out of circulation"</a>. <i>The Boston Phoenix</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Phoenix&rft.atitle=On+the+scent+of+a+shortage%3A+A+penny+saved+is+a+penny+out+of+circulation&rft.date=1982-04-20&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_boston-phoenix_1982-04-20_11_16%2Fpage%2Fn34%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dawn N. Bothwell, M.D., and Eric A. Mair, M.D., FAAP. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/111/3/689?ijkey=f41f5a688254663281baabc6ebe9c3bfc964e612&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha">Chronic Ingestion of a Zinc-Based Penny</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics_(journal)" title="Pediatrics (journal)">Pediatrics</a></i> Vol. 111, No. March 3, 2003, pp. 689–691. Retrieved April 17, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark L. Waltzman, M.D. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16969175">Management of esophageal coins</a>" <i>Current Opinion in Pediatrics</i> Vol. 45, No. Jan 1–Feb 2006, pp.71–3. Retrieved February 23, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stowe CM, Nelson R, Werdin R, et al.: "Zinc phosphide poisoning in dogs". <i>JAVMA</i> 173:270, 1978</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, this <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.petparrots101.com/parrots-risk.asp">list of common parrot illnesses and their causes</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2024" class="citation news cs1">Weaver, Caity (September 1, 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/01/magazine/worthless-pennies-united-states-economy.html">"America Must Free Itself from the Tyranny of the Penny"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240901153612/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/01/magazine/worthless-pennies-united-states-economy.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=America+Must+Free+Itself+from+the+Tyranny+of+the+Penny&rft.date=2024-09-01&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Caity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F09%2F01%2Fmagazine%2Fworthless-pennies-united-states-economy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenny+%28United+States+coin%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_cents" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:United States cents">United States cents</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/coins/coin-medal-programs/circulating-coins/penny">Penny</a> | United States Mint</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/making-cents/">Examination of claim</a> that "A U.S. penny costs more than a cent to manufacture" on <a href="/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes</a> (2007).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pennyfreebiz.com/">PennyFreeBiz</a> Grass Roots effort by retailers and merchants to stop using the penny. (June 2007).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Circulating_coinage_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Template:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Template talk:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_circulating_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States circulating coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Circulating_coinage_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Current_coinage" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Circulating coinage of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Half cent (5₥)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Cap_half_cent" title="Liberty Cap half cent">Liberty Cap</a></i> (1793–1797)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1800–1808)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1809–1836)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Braided Hair</a></i> (1840–1857) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">Large cent</a> and<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">penny (1¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Fugio_cent" title="Fugio cent">Fugio (Franklin)</a></i> (1787) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Silver_center_cent" title="Silver center cent">Silver center</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Chain_cent" title="Chain cent">Chain</a></i> (1793) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Wreath_cent" title="Wreath cent">Wreath</a></i> (1793) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Cap_large_cent" title="Liberty Cap large cent">Liberty Cap</a></i> (1793–1796) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1808–1814) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Coronet_large_cent" title="Coronet large cent">Matron Head</a></i> (1816–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Coronet_large_cent" title="Coronet large cent">Braided Hair</a></i> (1839–1857, 1868) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Ring_cent" title="Ring cent">Ring</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1850–1851, 1853, 1884–1885) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Eagle_cent" title="Flying Eagle cent">Flying Eagle</a></i> (1856–1858, patterns struck in 1854–1855) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_cent" title="Indian Head cent">Indian Head</a></i> (1859–1909, patterns struck in 1858) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_cent" title="Lincoln cent">Lincoln</a></b> (1909–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two cents (2¢)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">Billon</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1836) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">Bronze</a></i> (1864–1873, patterns struck in 1863) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_piece" title="Three-cent piece">Three cents (3¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">Silver</a></i> (1851–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">Bronze (Coronet Head)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1863) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">Nickel (Liberty Head)</a></i> (1865–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">Half dime</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">nickel (5¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/1792_half_disme" title="1792 half disme">Half disme</a></i> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair" title="Flowing Hair">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1797, 1800–1805) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1829–1837) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1866; 1909–1910) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1837–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Shield_nickel" title="Shield nickel">Shield</a></i> (1866–1883) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_nickel" title="Liberty Head nickel">Liberty Head</a></i> (1883–1913) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_nickel" title="Buffalo nickel">Buffalo (Indian Head)</a></i> (1913–1938) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_nickel" title="Jefferson nickel">Jefferson</a></b> (1938–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Dime (10¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)#"Disme"_(1792)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Disme</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1792) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1809–1837) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1837–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barber_coinage" title="Barber coinage">Barber</a></i> (1892–1916) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Mercury_dime" title="Mercury dime">Mercury</a></i> (1916–1945) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_dime" title="Roosevelt dime">Roosevelt</a></b> (1946–present) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">Twenty cents (20¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1875–1878) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">Quarter (25¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1815–1838) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1838–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barber_coinage" title="Barber coinage">Barber</a></i> (1892–1916) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Standing_Liberty_quarter" title="Standing Liberty quarter">Standing Liberty</a></i> (1916–1930) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington (eagle reverse)</a> (1932–1998) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Washington (bicentennial)</a> (1975–1976) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">Washington (50 State)</a> (1999–2008) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">Washington (D.C. and U.S. Territories)</a> (2009) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">Washington (America the Beautiful)</a> (2010–2021) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington (crossing the Delaware reverse)</a> (2021) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">Washington (American Women)</a></b> (2022–2025) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><b>Washington (Semiquincentennial)</b></i> (2026) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><b>Washington (youth sports)</b></i> (2027–2030) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">Half dollar (50¢)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair" title="Flowing Hair">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1807–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Seated_Liberty_coinage" title="United States Seated Liberty coinage">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1839–1891) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Barber_coinage" title="Barber coinage">Barber</a></i> (1892–1915) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Walking_Liberty_half_dollar" title="Walking Liberty half dollar">Walking Liberty</a></i> (1916–1947) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Franklin_half_dollar" title="Franklin half dollar">Franklin</a></i> (1948–1963) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_half_dollar" title="Kennedy half dollar">Kennedy</a></b><sup>c</sup> (1964–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Kennedy (bicentennial)</a> (1975–1976) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">Dollar ($1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental Currency (Fugio or Franklin)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1776) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Constellatio" title="Nova Constellatio">Nova Constellatio</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1783) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair_dollar" title="Flowing Hair dollar">Flowing Hair</a></i> (1794–1795) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust_dollar" title="Draped Bust dollar">Draped Bust</a></i> (1795–<a href="/wiki/1804_dollar" title="1804 dollar">1804</a>) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Gobrecht_dollar" title="Gobrecht dollar">Gobrecht</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1836–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Seated_Liberty_dollar" title="Seated Liberty dollar">Seated Liberty</a></i> (1840–1873) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Trade dollar (United States coin)">Trade</a></i> (1873–1885) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Morgan_dollar" title="Morgan dollar">Morgan</a></b> (1878–1904; 1921; 2021–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Peace_dollar" title="Peace dollar">Peace</a></b> (1921–1935; 2021–present; patterns struck in 1964) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_dollar" title="Eisenhower dollar">Eisenhower</a></i> (1971–1978) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Eisenhower (bicentennial)</a></i> (1975–1976) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_dollar" title="Susan B. Anthony dollar">Susan B. Anthony</a> (1979–1981; 1999) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea_dollar" title="Sacagawea dollar">Sacagawea</a></b><sup>c</sup> (2000–present) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins" title="Presidential dollar coins">Presidential</a><sup>c</sup> (2007–2016; 2020) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/American_Innovation_dollars" title="American Innovation dollars">American Innovation</a></b><sup>c</sup> (2018–2032) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_gold_coins" title="Category:United States gold coins">Gold</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">Gold dollar ($1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberty_Head_gold_dollar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberty Head gold dollar (page does not exist)">Liberty Head</a></i> (1849–1854) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Princess_gold_dollar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Princess gold dollar (page does not exist)">Indian Princess</a></i> (1854–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">Quarter eagle ($2.50)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1796–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1808–1834) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head_quarter_eagle" title="Classic Head quarter eagle">Classic Head</a></i> (1834–1839) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_quarter_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head quarter eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1840–1907) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_gold_pieces" title="Indian Head gold pieces">Indian Head</a></i> (1908–1929) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Three dollars ($3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">Indian Princess</a></i> (1854–1889) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">Half eagle ($5)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Draped_Bust" title="Draped Bust">Draped Bust</a></i> (1795–1807) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1808–1834) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Head" title="Classic Head">Classic Head</a></i> (1834–1838) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_half_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head half eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1839–1908) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_gold_pieces" title="Indian Head gold pieces">Indian Head</a></i> (1908–1929) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">Eagle ($10)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Capped_Bust" title="Capped Bust">Capped Bust</a></i> (1795–1804) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Head eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1838–1907) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_eagle" title="Indian Head eagle">Indian Head</a></i> (1907–1933) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">Double eagle ($20)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Head_double_eagle" title="Liberty Head double eagle">Liberty Head</a></i> (1850–1907, pattern struck in 1849) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Quintuple_Stella" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintuple Stella">Quintuple Stella</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1879) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gaudens_double_eagle" title="Saint-Gaudens double eagle">Saint-Gaudens</a></i> (1907–1933) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Other canceled<br />denominations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Two and a half cent piece (2.5¢)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Two dollar piece ($2)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">Stella ($4)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1879–1880) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">Half union ($50)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (1877) </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">Union ($100)</a></i><sup>x</sup> (not minted) </span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>(<i>italics</i>) Obsolete</li> <li><sup>x</sup> Canceled</li> <li>(<b>bold</b>) Currently in production</li> <li><sup>c</sup> Currently produced for collectors only</li> <li>(<i><b>bold and italics</b></i>) Planned but production not commenced</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_currency_and_coinage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:US currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:US currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_currency_and_coinage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United States currency and coinage</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">U.S. Mint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denver_Mint" title="Denver Mint">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Mint" title="West Point Mint">West Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_City_Mint" title="Carson City Mint">Carson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Mint" title="Charlotte Mint">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahlonega_Mint" title="Dahlonega Mint">Dahlonega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Mint" title="New Orleans Mint">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Mint" title="Manila Mint">Manila Mint</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dalles_Mint" title="The Dalles Mint">The Dalles Mint</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_currency" title="Mutilated currency">Mutilated currency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Current coinage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penny (1¢)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">Nickel (5¢)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Dime (10¢)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">Quarter (25¢)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">Half dollar (50¢)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">Dollar ($1)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Bullion_coins" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Bullion coinage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">America the Beautiful (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">American Silver Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">American Gold Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Buffalo_(coin)" title="American Buffalo (coin)">American Buffalo (gold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins#First_Spouse_program" title="Presidential dollar coins">First Spouse (gold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Platinum_Eagle" title="American Platinum Eagle">American Platinum Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Palladium_Eagle" title="American Palladium Eagle">American Palladium Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Liberty_high_relief_gold_coin" title="American Liberty high relief gold coin">American Liberty (gold)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Current paper money</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">$1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_two-dollar_bill" title="United States two-dollar bill">$2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">$5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">$10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_twenty-dollar_bill" title="United States twenty-dollar bill">$20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_fifty-dollar_bill" title="United States fifty-dollar bill">$50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-dollar bill">$100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States five-hundred-dollar bill">$500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-thousand-dollar bill">$1,000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States five-thousand-dollar bill">$5,000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-thousand-dollar bill">$10,000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill">$100,000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_and_engraving_on_United_States_banknotes" title="Art and engraving on United States banknotes">Art and engraving on United States banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Bicentennial coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Eagle_Silver_Certificate" title="Black Eagle Silver Certificate">Black Eagle Silver Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasher_Doubloon" title="Brasher Doubloon">Brasher Doubloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_commemorative_coins" title="United States commemorative coins">Commemoratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental dollar coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnyback" title="Funnyback">Funnyback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Large denominations of United States currency">Large denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_United_States_currency" title="Counterfeit United States currency">Counterfeit United States currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Numismatic_Collection" title="National Numismatic Collection">National Numismatic Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_coin_production" title="United States Mint coin production">Coin production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/E_pluribus_unum" title="E pluribus unum">E pluribus unum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuit_c%C5%93ptis" title="Annuit cœptis">Annuit cœptis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novus_ordo_seclorum" title="Novus ordo seclorum">Novus ordo seclorum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note#Nicknames" title="Federal Reserve Note">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replacement_banknote" title="Replacement banknote">Replacement banknote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sales_tax_token" title="Sales tax token">Sales tax token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Coinage_Advisory_Committee" title="Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee">Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_fake_United_States_currency" title="Promotional fake United States currency">Promotional fake denominations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coinage_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Template:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coinage_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coinage (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coinage_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coinage of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Current_coinage" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Circulating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">5¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">10¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">25¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">50¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">$1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">1¢ (large size)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">2¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">3¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">3¢ (nickel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">5¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">20¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">$1 (gold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">$2.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">$3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">$5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">$10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">$20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">2¢ (billon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_and_a_half_cent_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two and a half cent coin (United States)"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">3¢ (bronze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_dollar_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two dollar coin (United States)">$2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">$4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">$50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">$100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_commemorative_coins" title="United States commemorative coins">Commemorative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1800s)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1800s)">1800s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1900s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1900s)">1900s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1910s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1910s)">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1920s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1920s)">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1930s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1930s)">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1940s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1940s)">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1950s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1950s)">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1970s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1970s)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1980s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1980s)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1990s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1990s)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2000s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2000s)">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2010s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2010s)">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2020s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2020s)">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Bullion_coins" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Bullion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">Silver Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">Gold Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Platinum_Eagle" title="American Platinum Eagle">Platinum Eagle</a> (1997–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Buffalo_(coin)" title="American Buffalo (coin)">Gold Buffalo</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins#First_Spouse_program" title="Presidential dollar coins">First Spouse (gold)</a> (2007–2016; 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Palladium_Eagle" title="American Palladium Eagle">Palladium Eagle</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">America the Beautiful silver bullion coins</a> (2010–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Liberty_high_relief_gold_coin" title="American Liberty high relief gold coin">American Liberty high relief gold coin</a> (2015–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set" title="United States Proof Set">Proof Set</a> (1936–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set" title="United States Mint Set">Mint Set</a> (1947–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Special_Mint_Sets_(1964–1967)" title="United States Mint Set">Special Mint Set</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Souvenir_Sets" title="United States Mint Set">Souvenir Set</a> (1972–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Silver_proof_sets_(1976;_1992–present)" title="United States Proof Set">Silver Proof Set</a> (1976, 1992–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Prestige_proof_sets_(1983–1997)" title="United States Proof Set">Prestige Set</a> (1983–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&oldid=1258226607">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penny_(United_States_coin)&oldid=1258226607</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abraham_Lincoln_on_United_States_currency" title="Category:Abraham Lincoln on United States currency">Abraham Lincoln on United States currency</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:One-cent_coins_of_the_United_States" 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