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Duffield</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Colin Duffield"> <meta name="keywords" content="Colin Duffield"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Colin Duffield"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 46</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Colin Duffield</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Occupant Behaviour Change in Post-Pandemic Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Zhang">Yan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Kin%20Peng%20Hui"> Felix Kin Peng Hui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Duffield"> Colin Duffield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20X.%20Gao"> Caroline X. Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In post-pandemic Australia, it is unclear how building occupant have changed their behaviour in their interaction with buildings and other occupants. This research provides information on occupant behaviour change compared to before the pandemic and examines the predictors for those behaviour changes. This paper analyses survey responses from 2298 building occupants in Melbourne to investigate occupant behaviour change and determinants for those changes one year after the pandemic in Australia. The behaviour changes were grouped into three categories based on respiratory infection routes: (1) fomite: hand-shaking and hand hygiene behaviours; (2) airborne: individual interventions to indoor air quality such as face masking, window openings for occupants working in naturally ventilated space; (3) droplets: social distancing, reducing working hours in the workplace. The survey shows that the pandemic has significantly changed occupants' behaviour in all three categories compared to before the pandemic. The changes are significantly associated with occupants' perceived indoor air quality, indoor environmental cleanliness, and occupant density, demonstrating their growing awareness of respiratory infection risk that influences their health behaviours. The two most significant factors identified from multivariate regressions to drive the behaviour change include occupant risk perception of respiratory infections at the workplace and their observed co-worker's behaviour change. Based on the survey results, the paper provides adjusted estimates for related occupant behaviour parameters. The study also discusses alternatives for managing window operations in naturally ventilated buildings to improve occupant satisfaction. This paper could help Building Managers, and Building Designers understand occupant behaviour change to improve building operations and new building design to enhance occupant experience. Also, building energy modellers and risk assessors may use the findings to adjust occupant behaviour-related parameters to improve the models. The findings contribute to the knowledge of Human-Building Interaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-building%20interaction" title="human-building interaction">human-building interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20perception" title=" risk perception"> risk perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20behaviour" title=" occupant behaviour"> occupant behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IAQ" title=" IAQ"> IAQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172029/occupant-behaviour-change-in-post-pandemic-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Signals Monitored During Anaesthesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Launcelot%20McGrath">Launcelot McGrath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoxiao%20Liu"> Xiaoxiao Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Flanagan"> Colin Flanagan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is widely recognised that a comprehensive understanding of physiological data is a vital aid to the anaesthesiologist in monitoring and maintaining the well-being of a patient undergoing surgery. Bio signal analysis is one of the most important topics that researchers have tried to develop over the last century to understand numerous human diseases. There are tremendous biological signals during anaesthesia, and not all of them are important, which to choose to observe is a significant decision. It is important that the anaesthesiologist understand both the signals themselves, and the limitations introduced by the processes of acquisition. In this article, we provide an all-sided overview of different types of biological signals as well as the mechanisms applied to acquire them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20biosignals" title="general biosignals">general biosignals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaesthesia" title=" anaesthesia"> anaesthesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological" title=" biological"> biological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroencephalogram" title=" electroencephalogram"> electroencephalogram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157332/signals-monitored-during-anaesthesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Modelling Retirement Outcomes: An Australian Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20O%E2%80%99Hare">Colin O’Hare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zili%20Zho"> Zili Zho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Sneddon"> Thomas Sneddon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Australian superannuation system has received high praise for its participation rates and level of funding in retirement yet it is only 25 years old. In recent years, with increasing longevity and persistent lower rates of investment return, how adequate will the funds accumulated through a superannuation system be? In this paper we take Australia as a case study and build a stochastic model of accumulation and decummulation of funds and determine the expected number of years a fund may last an individual in retirement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=component" title="component">component</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20models" title=" stochastic models"> stochastic models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superannuation" title=" superannuation"> superannuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40351/modelling-retirement-outcomes-an-australian-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">245</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Using Swarm Intelligence to Forecast Outcomes of English Premier League Matches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20Schumann">Hans Schumann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Domnauer"> Colin Domnauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Louis%20Rosenberg"> Louis Rosenberg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, machine learning techniques were deployed on real-time human swarm data to forecast the likelihood of outcomes for English Premier League matches in the 2020/21 season. These techniques included ensemble models in combination with neural networks and were tested against an industry standard of Vegas Oddsmakers. Predictions made from the collective intelligence of human swarm participants managed to achieve a positive return on investment over a full season on matches, empirically proving the usefulness of a new artificial intelligence valuing human instinct and intelligence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20science" title=" data science"> data science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20Premier%20League" title=" English Premier League"> English Premier League</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20swarming" title=" human swarming"> human swarming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20betting" title=" sports betting"> sports betting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swarm%20intelligence" title=" swarm intelligence"> swarm intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141854/using-swarm-intelligence-to-forecast-outcomes-of-english-premier-league-matches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> A Robust Theoretical Elastoplastic Continuum Damage T-H-M Model for Rock Surrounding a Wellbore</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikolaos%20Reppas">Nikolaos Reppas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yilin%20Gui"> Yilin Gui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Wetenhall"> Ben Wetenhall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Davie"> Colin Davie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Injection of CO2 inside wellbore can induce different kind of loadings that can lead to thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical changes on the surrounding rock. A dual-porosity theoretical constitutive model will be presented for the stability analysis of the wellbore during CO2 injection. An elastoplastic damage response will be considered. A bounding yield surface will be presented considering damage effects on sandstone. The main target of the research paper is to present a theoretical constitutive model that can help industries to safely store CO2 in geological rock formations and forecast any changes on the surrounding rock of the wellbore. The fully coupled elasto-plastic damage Thermo-Hydraulic-Mechanical theoretical model will be validated from existing experimental data for sandstone after simulating some scenarios by using FEM on MATLAB software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20capture%20and%20storage" title="carbon capture and storage">carbon capture and storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20mechanics" title=" rock mechanics"> rock mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THM%20effects%20on%20rock" title=" THM effects on rock"> THM effects on rock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20model" title=" constitutive model"> constitutive model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126796/a-robust-theoretical-elastoplastic-continuum-damage-t-h-m-model-for-rock-surrounding-a-wellbore" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> The Application of Polymers in Enhanced Oil Recovery: Recent Trends </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20M.%20Rudd">Reza M. Rudd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Saeedi"> Ali Saeedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Wood"> Colin Wood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article, the latest advancements made in the applications of polymers in the enhanced hydrocarbon recovery technologies are investigated. For this purpose, different classes of polymers are reviewed and the latest progresses made in making them suitable for application under harsh reservoir conditions are discussed. The main reservoir conditions whose effects are taken into account include the temperature, rock mineralogy and brine salinity and composition. For profile modification and blocking the thief zones, polymers are used in the form of nanocomposite hydrogels. Polymers are also used as thickeners during CO2 flooding. Also, they are used in enhanced gas recovery, to inhibit the mixing of injection gas with the in-situ natural gas. This review covers the main types of polymers, their functions and the challenges in their applications, some of which are mentioned above. Included in this review are also the latest progresses made in the development of new polymeric surfactants used for surfactant flooding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EOR" title="EOR">EOR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EGR" title=" EGR"> EGR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20flooding" title=" polymer flooding"> polymer flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profile%20modification" title=" profile modification"> profile modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20control" title=" mobility control"> mobility control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite%20hydrogels" title=" nanocomposite hydrogels"> nanocomposite hydrogels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20flooding" title=" CO2 flooding"> CO2 flooding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymeric%20surfactants" title=" polymeric surfactants"> polymeric surfactants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58545/the-application-of-polymers-in-enhanced-oil-recovery-recent-trends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Leading Gifted Education in Saudi Rural Schools: Case Studies of Differently Performing Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Almalky">Abdullah Almalky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Evers"> Colin Evers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gifted individuals in rural areas may lack access and opportunities compared with urban students. This case study research provides research-based evidence to identify the professional needs of principals running rural schools with gifted education (GE) programs. The data were obtained from diverse cases (high-performing [HP] and low-performing [LP] schools) by conducting interviews with principals and teachers, conducting focus groups with gifted students, and analyzing policy documents. The findings reveal a lack of knowledge among principals in relation to GE. However, HP schools were more concerned with the needs of gifted students compared with LP schools. In addition, principals of HP schools were mostly instructional leaders, whereas LP schools were mostly led by building managers. Therefore, the study recommends a revision of GE policy in Saudi Arabia and urges ministries of education and universities to consider including GE in principals’ and teachers’ preparation programs to better serve gifted students in schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gifted" title="gifted">gifted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20education" title=" rural education"> rural education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interview" title=" interview"> interview</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144324/leading-gifted-education-in-saudi-rural-schools-case-studies-of-differently-performing-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> A Topological Approach for Motion Track Discrimination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tegan%20H.%20Emerson">Tegan H. Emerson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20C.%20Olson"> Colin C. Olson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Stantchev"> George Stantchev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20A.%20Edelberg"> Jason A. Edelberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Wilson"> Michael Wilson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Detecting small targets at range is difficult because there is not enough spatial information present in an image sub-region containing the target to use correlation-based methods to differentiate it from dynamic confusers present in the scene. Moreover, this lack of spatial information also disqualifies the use of most state-of-the-art deep learning image-based classifiers. Here, we use characteristics of target tracks extracted from video sequences as data from which to derive distinguishing topological features that help robustly differentiate targets of interest from confusers. In particular, we calculate persistent homology from time-delayed embeddings of dynamic statistics calculated from motion tracks extracted from a wide field-of-view video stream. In short, we use topological methods to extract features related to target motion dynamics that are useful for classification and disambiguation and show that small targets can be detected at range with high probability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20tracks" title="motion tracks">motion tracks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persistence%20images" title=" persistence images"> persistence images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-delay%20embedding" title=" time-delay embedding"> time-delay embedding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20data%20analysis" title=" topological data analysis"> topological data analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128723/a-topological-approach-for-motion-track-discrimination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Intended-Actual First Asking/Offer Price Discrepancies and Their Impact on Negotiation Behaviour and Outcomes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liuyao%20Chai">Liuyao Chai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Clark"> Colin Clark</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of 574 participants in a simulated two-person distributive negotiation revealed that the first price 245 (42.7%) of these participants actually asked/offered for the item under negotiation (a used car) differed from the first price they previously stated they intended to ask/offer during their negotiation. This discrepancy between a negotiator’s intended first asking/offer price and his/her actual first asking/offer price had a significant and economically consequential impact on both the course and the outcomes of the negotiations studied. Participants whose actual first price remained the same as their intended first price tended to secure better negotiation outcomes. Moreover, participants who changed their intended first price tended to obtain relatively lower outcomes regardless of whether their modified first announced price had created a negotiating position that was ‘stronger’ or ‘weaker’ than if they had opened with their intended first price. Subsequent investigation of over twenty negotiation behaviours and pre-negotiation perceptual variables within this dataset indicated that the three types of first price announcers—i.e. intended first asking/offer price ‘weakeners’, ‘maintainers’ and ‘strengtheners’— comprised persons who tended to have significantly different pre-negotiation perceptions and behaved in systematically different ways during their negotiation. Typically, the most negative, outcome-compromising consequences of changing, weakening or strengthening an intended first price occurred at the very beginning of a negotiation when participants exchanged their actual first asking/offer prices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20communication" title="business communication">business communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negotiation" title=" negotiation"> negotiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persuasion" title=" persuasion"> persuasion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intended%20first%20asking%2Foffer%20prices" title=" intended first asking/offer prices"> intended first asking/offer prices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bargaining" title=" bargaining"> bargaining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24182/intended-actual-first-askingoffer-price-discrepancies-and-their-impact-on-negotiation-behaviour-and-outcomes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> A Priori, Transcendental and Naturalistic Argument: Three Defense Strategies for Realism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SanXi%20Wu">SanXi Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A priori argument is a kind of reductio ad absurdum provided by Colin McGinn on the premise of accepting the basic rules of Dummett. The core part of the theory is to analyze the three joint positions besides realism and make them invalid, thus proving the rationality of the stance of realism. However, this argument strategy is vulnerable to skepticism because it delays the skeptical problem. In addition to McGinn, John Searle offers a linguistic transcendental argument strategy, which regards realism as the comprehensible condition that all normal activities of understanding must assume, while skepticism does not enjoy the same status. However, Searle's transcendental argument does not solve the problem of the relationship between realist presupposition and representational presupposition. Strawson, Hume, Reid, Wittgenstein, and others provide a naturalistic argument for realism. In this argument, realism is either a priori commitment from nature, or our second nature, or even a background belief that is fundamentally immovable. The key to this argument is to provide a quietistic treatment that ultimately invalidates our anti-realist myths. In comparison, the naturalistic argument is a more promising one. In this paper, methods of theoretical analysis and comparative research are used in order to demonstrate that in the face of skepticism, McGinn's a priori strategy and Searle's transcendental strategy are untenable, while Strawson and others' naturalistic strategy may resist the pressure of skepticism and make realism possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20priori%20argument" title="a priori argument">a priori argument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcendental%20argument" title=" transcendental argument"> transcendental argument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naturalism" title=" naturalism"> naturalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=realism" title=" realism"> realism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skepticism" title=" skepticism"> skepticism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183268/a-priori-transcendental-and-naturalistic-argument-three-defense-strategies-for-realism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> The Appropriateness of Antibiotic Prescribing within Dundee Dental Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20Ainine">Salma Ainine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Ritchie"> Colin Ritchie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tracey%20McFee"> Tracey McFee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The societal impact of antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern. The increase in the incidence of resistant bacteria can ultimately be fatal. Objective: To analyse the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in Dundee Dental Hospital, ultimately improving the safety and quality of patient care. Methods: Two examiners independently cross-checked approximately fifty consecutive prescriptions, and corresponding patient case notes, for three data collection cycles between August 2014–September 2015. The Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness Program (SDCEP) Drug Prescribing for Dentistry guidelines was the standard utilised. The criteria: clinical justification, regime justification, and review arrangements was measured, and compared to the standard. Results: Cycle one revealed 42% of antibiotic prescriptions were appropriate. Interventions included: multiple staff meetings, an introduction of a checklist attached to the prescription pack, and production of patient leaflets explaining indications for antibiotics. Cycle two and three revealed 44%, and 30% compliance, respectively. Conclusion: The results of the audit have yet to meet target standards set out in prescribing guidelines. However, steps are being taken and change has occurred on a cultural level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20resistance" title="antibiotic resistance">antibiotic resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20stewardship" title=" antibiotic stewardship"> antibiotic stewardship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20infection" title=" dental infection"> dental infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene%20standards" title=" hygiene standards"> hygiene standards</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46609/the-appropriateness-of-antibiotic-prescribing-within-dundee-dental-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> A Simple Device for Characterizing High Power Electron Beams for Welding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Kaur">Aman Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Ribton"> Colin Ribton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wamadeva%20Balachandaran"> Wamadeva Balachandaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electron beam welding due to its inherent advantages is being extensively used for material processing where high precision is required. Especially in aerospace or nuclear industries, there are high quality requirements and the cost of materials and processes is very high which makes it very important to ensure the beam quality is maintained and checked prior to carrying out the welds. Although the processes in these industries are highly controlled, however, even the minor changes in the operating parameters of the electron gun can make large enough variations in the beam quality that can result in poor welding. To measure the beam quality a simple device has been designed that can be used at high powers. The device consists of two slits in x and y axis which collects a small portion of the beam current when the beam is deflected over the slits. The signals received from the device are processed in data acquisition hardware and the dedicated software developed for the device. The device has been used in controlled laboratory environments to analyse the signals and the weld quality relationships by varying the focus current. The results showed matching trends in the weld dimensions and the beam characteristics. Further experimental work is being carried out to determine the ability of the device and signal processing software to detect subtle changes in the beam quality and to relate these to the physical weld quality indicators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20beam%20welding" title="electron beam welding">electron beam welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20quality" title=" beam quality"> beam quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20power" title=" high power"> high power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weld%20quality%20indicators" title=" weld quality indicators"> weld quality indicators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29747/a-simple-device-for-characterizing-high-power-electron-beams-for-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> A Comparative Study on Supercritical C02 and Water as Working Fluids in a Heterogeneous Geothermal Reservoir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20D.%20Aliyu">Musa D. Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouahid%20Harireche"> Ouahid Harireche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20D.%20Hills"> Colin D. Hills</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The incapability of supercritical C02 to transport and dissolve mineral species from the geothermal reservoir to the fracture apertures and other important parameters in heat mining makes it an attractive substance for Heat extraction from hot dry rock. In other words, the thermodynamic efficiency of hot dry rock (HDR) reservoirs also increases if supercritical C02 is circulated at excess temperatures of 3740C without the drawbacks connected with silica dissolution. Studies have shown that circulation of supercritical C02 in homogenous geothermal reservoirs is quite encouraging; in comparison to that of the water. This paper aims at investigating the aforementioned processes in the case of the heterogeneous geothermal reservoir located at the Soultz site (France). The MultiPhysics finite element package COMSOL with an interface of coupling different processes encountered in the geothermal reservoir stimulation is used. A fully coupled numerical model is developed to study the thermal and hydraulic processes in order to predict the long-term operation of the basic reservoir parameters that give optimum energy production. The results reveal that the temperature of the SCC02 at the production outlet is higher than that of water in long-term stimulation; as the temperature is an essential ingredient in rating the energy production. It is also observed that the mass flow rate of the SCC02 is far more favourable compared to that of water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title="FEM">FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDR" title=" HDR"> HDR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20reservoir" title=" heterogeneous reservoir"> heterogeneous reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stimulation" title=" stimulation"> stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20C02" title=" supercritical C02"> supercritical C02</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37222/a-comparative-study-on-supercritical-c02-and-water-as-working-fluids-in-a-heterogeneous-geothermal-reservoir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> The Involvement of Visual and Verbal Representations Within a Quantitative and Qualitative Visual Change Detection Paradigm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Jenkins">Laura Jenkins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tim%20Eschle"> Tim Eschle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanne%20Ciafone"> Joanne Ciafone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Hamilton"> Colin Hamilton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An original working memory model suggested the separation of visual and verbal systems in working memory architecture, in which only visual working memory components were used during visual working memory tasks. It was later suggested that the visuo spatial sketch pad was the only memory component at use during visual working memory tasks, and components such as the phonological loop were not considered. In more recent years, a contrasting approach has been developed with the use of an executive resource to incorporate both visual and verbal representations in visual working memory paradigms. This was supported using research demonstrating the use of verbal representations and an executive resource in a visual matrix patterns task. The aim of the current research is to investigate the working memory architecture during both a quantitative and a qualitative visual working memory task. A dual task method will be used. Three secondary tasks will be used which are designed to hit specific components within the working memory architecture – Dynamic Visual Noise (visual components), Visual Attention (spatial components) and Verbal Attention (verbal components). A comparison of the visual working memory tasks will be made to discover if verbal representations are at use, as the previous literature suggested. This direct comparison has not been made so far in the literature. Considerations will be made as to whether a domain specific approach should be employed when discussing visual working memory tasks, or whether a more domain general approach could be used instead. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20organisation" title="semantic organisation">semantic organisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20memory" title=" visual memory"> visual memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20detection" title=" change detection"> change detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22696/the-involvement-of-visual-and-verbal-representations-within-a-quantitative-and-qualitative-visual-change-detection-paradigm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">595</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Development of Heating Elements Based on Fe₂O₃ Reduction Products by Waste Active Sludge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abigail%20Parra%20Parra">Abigail Parra Parra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20L.%20Morelos%20Hernandez"> Jorge L. Morelos Hernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20A.%20Marquez%20Agilar"> Pedro A. Marquez Agilar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Vlasova"> Marina Vlasova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesus%20Colin%20De%20La%20Cruz"> Jesus Colin De La Cruz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbothermal reduction of metal oxides is widely used both in metallurgical processes and in the production of oxygen-free refractory ceramics. As a rule, crushed coke and graphite are used as a reducing agent. The products of carbonization of organic compounds are among the innovative reducing agents. The aim of this work was to study the process of reduction of iron oxide (hematite) down to iron by waste active sludge (WAS) carbonization products. WAS was chosen due to the accumulation of a large amount of this type of waste, soil pollution, and the relevance of the development of technologies for its disposal. The studies have shown that the temperature treatment of mixtures WAS-Fe₂O₃ in the temperature range 900-1000 ºC for 1-5 hours under oxygen deficiency is described by the following scheme: WAS + Fe₂O₃→ C,CO + Fe₂O₃→ C + FexO → Fe (amorphous and crystalline). During the heat treatment of the mixtures, strong samples are formed. The study of the electrical conductive properties of such samples showed that, depending on the ratio of the components in the initial mixtures, it is possible to change the values of electrical resistivity from 5.6 Ω‧m to 151.6 Ω‧m When a current is passed through the samples, they are heated from 240 to 378ºC. Thus, based on WAS-Fe₂O₃ mixtures, heating elements can be created that can be used to heat ceramics and concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%E2%82%82O%E2%82%83" title="Fe₂O₃">Fe₂O₃</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction" title=" reduction"> reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20activate%20sludge" title=" waste activate sludge"> waste activate sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroconductivity" title=" electroconductivity"> electroconductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131454/development-of-heating-elements-based-on-fe2o3-reduction-products-by-waste-active-sludge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> The Use of Layered Neural Networks for Classifying Hierarchical Scientific Fields of Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Smith">Colin Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linsey%20S%20Passarella"> Linsey S Passarella</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the proliferation and decentralized nature of academic publication, no widely accepted scheme exists for organizing papers by their scientific field of study (FoS) to the author’s best knowledge. While many academic journals require author provided keywords for papers, these keywords range wildly in scope and are not consistent across papers, journals, or field domains, necessitating alternative approaches to paper classification. Past attempts to perform field-of-study (FoS) classification on scientific texts have largely used a-hierarchical FoS schemas or ignored the schema’s inherently hierarchical structure, e.g. by compressing the structure into a single layer for multi-label classification. In this paper, we introduce an application of a Layered Neural Network (LNN) to the problem of performing supervised hierarchical classification of scientific fields of study (FoS) on research papers. In this approach, paper embeddings from a pretrained language model are fed into a top-down LNN. Beginning with a single neural network (NN) for the highest layer of the class hierarchy, each node uses a separate local NN to classify the subsequent subfield child node(s) for an input embedding of concatenated paper titles and abstracts. We compare our LNN-FOS method to other recent machine learning methods using the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) FoS hierarchy and find that the LNN-FOS offers increased classification accuracy at each FoS hierarchical level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20classification" title="hierarchical classification">hierarchical classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer%20neural%20network" title=" layer neural network"> layer neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20field%20of%20study" title=" scientific field of study"> scientific field of study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20taxonomy" title=" scientific taxonomy"> scientific taxonomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151193/the-use-of-layered-neural-networks-for-classifying-hierarchical-scientific-fields-of-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Ab Initio Approach to Generate a Binary Bulk Metallic Glass Foam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Galvan-Colin">Jonathan Galvan-Colin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariel%20Valladares"> Ariel Valladares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renela%20Valladares"> Renela Valladares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Valladares"> Alexander Valladares</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both porous materials and bulk metallic glasses have been studied due to their potential applications and their exceptional physical and chemical properties. However, each material presents certain drawbacks which have been thought to be overcome by generating bulk metallic glass foams (BMGF). Although some experimental reports have been performed on multicomponent BMGF, still no ab initio works have been published, as far as we know. We present an approach based on the expanding lattice (EL) method to generate binary amorphous nanoporous Cu64Zr36. Starting from two different configurations: a 108-atom crystalline cubic supercell (cCu64Zr36) and a 108-atom amorphous supercell (aCu64Zr36), both with an initial density of 8.06 g/cm3, we applied EL method to halve the density and to get 50% of porosity. After the lattice expansion the supercells were subject to ab initio molecular dynamics for 500 steps at constant room temperature. Then, the samples were geometry-optimized and characterized with the pair and radial distribution functions, bond-angle distributions and a coordination number analysis. We found that pores appeared along specific spatial directions different from one to another and that they differed in size and form as well, which we think is related to the initial structure. Due to the lack of experimental counterparts our results should be considered predictive and further studies are needed in order to handle a larger number of atoms and its implication on pore topology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ab%20initio%20molecular%20dynamics" title="ab initio molecular dynamics">ab initio molecular dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20mettalic%20glass" title=" bulk mettalic glass"> bulk mettalic glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20alloy" title=" porous alloy"> porous alloy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4111/ab-initio-approach-to-generate-a-binary-bulk-metallic-glass-foam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Alpha: A Groundbreaking Avatar Merging User Dialogue with OpenAI's GPT-3.5 for Enhanced Reflective Thinking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonas%20Colin">Jonas Colin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Standing at the vanguard of AI development, Alpha represents an unprecedented synthesis of logical rigor and human abstraction, meticulously crafted to mirror the user's unique persona and personality, a feat previously unattainable in AI development. Alpha, an avant-garde artefact in the realm of artificial intelligence, epitomizes a paradigmatic shift in personalized digital interaction, amalgamating user-specific dialogic patterns with the sophisticated algorithmic prowess of OpenAI's GPT-3.5 to engender a platform for enhanced metacognitive engagement and individualized user experience. Underpinned by a sophisticated algorithmic framework, Alpha integrates vast datasets through a complex interplay of neural network models and symbolic AI, facilitating a dynamic, adaptive learning process. This integration enables the system to construct a detailed user profile, encompassing linguistic preferences, emotional tendencies, and cognitive styles, tailoring interactions to align with individual characteristics and conversational contexts. Furthermore, Alpha incorporates advanced metacognitive elements, enabling real-time reflection and adaptation in communication strategies. This self-reflective capability ensures continuous refinement of its interaction model, positioning Alpha not just as a technological marvel but as a harbinger of a new era in human-computer interaction, where machines engage with us on a deeply personal and cognitive level, transforming our interaction with the digital world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chatbot" title="chatbot">chatbot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPT%203.5" title=" GPT 3.5"> GPT 3.5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metacognition" title=" metacognition"> metacognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbiose" title=" symbiose"> symbiose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181232/alpha-a-groundbreaking-avatar-merging-user-dialogue-with-openais-gpt-35-for-enhanced-reflective-thinking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> A Multi-Omic Assessment of Biomass and Pigment Accumulation in Nitrogen Deplete Conditions in Scenedesmus 46B-D3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galen%20Dennis">Galen Dennis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20Dahlin"> Lukas Dahlin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Guarnieri"> Michael Guarnieri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefanie%20Van%20Wychen"> Stefanie Van Wychen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shawn%20Starkenburg"> Shawn Starkenburg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Posewitz"> Matthew Posewitz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Kruse"> Colin Kruse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scenedesmus 46B-D3 was identified in 2021 by screening a culture collection produced by the Posewitz lab at the Colorado School of Mines. The strain was found to continue accumulating biomass in a nitrogen-depleted state, which is a rare and technologically promising trait in microalgae. As the culture grows, a shift from nitrogen-replete to depleted conditions is indicated by arrested cell division and the accumulation of lipids, polysaccharides and photoprotective pigments. The latter trait gives stationary phase cultures a deep red color due to the presence of the high-value beta-ketocarotenoids, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. The combination of continued photosynthesis post-nitrogen depletion and the accumulation of valuable pigments makes S. 46B-D3 of interest from a fundamental and industrial perspective, respectively. This project reports the results of a multi-omic study examining changes in the proteome and transcriptome in nitrogen-replete and deplete conditions. In addition, it characterizes the pigment composition of S. 46B-D3 across its growth curve and the method of cell division within the strain. These results indicate that upon sensing nitrogen scarcity, S. 46B-D3 efficiently recycles and repurposes nitrogen away from cell division and towards energy storage through the accumulation of lipids and polysaccharides. The accumulation of photoprotective pigments also prevents damage to and serves as an additional carbon sink for the cell’s light system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pigments" title="pigments">pigments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosynthesis" title=" photosynthesis"> photosynthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteomics" title=" proteomics"> proteomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcriptomics" title=" transcriptomics"> transcriptomics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195381/a-multi-omic-assessment-of-biomass-and-pigment-accumulation-in-nitrogen-deplete-conditions-in-scenedesmus-46b-d3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Introgressive Hybridisation between Two Widespread Sharks in the East Pacific Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20A.%20Pazmino">Diana A. Pazmino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lynne%20vanHerwerden"> Lynne vanHerwerden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20A.%20Simpfendorfer"> Colin A. Simpfendorfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudia%20Junge"> Claudia Junge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20C.%20Donnellan"> Stephen C. Donnellan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauricio%20Hoyos-Padilla"> Mauricio Hoyos-Padilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clinton%20A.%20J.%20%20Duffy"> Clinton A. J. Duffy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charlie%20Huveneers"> Charlie Huveneers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bronwyn%20Gillanders"> Bronwyn Gillanders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20A.%20Butcher"> Paul A. Butcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gregory%20E.%20Maes"> Gregory E. Maes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With just a handful of documented cases of hybridisation in cartilaginous fishes, shark hybridisation remains poorly investigated. Small amounts of admixture have been detected between Galapagos (Carcharhinus galapagensis) and dusky (Carcharhinus obscurus) sharks previously, generating a hypothesis of ongoing hybridisation. We sampled a large number of individuals from areas where both species co-occur (contact zones) across the Pacific Ocean and used both mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded SNPs to examine genetic admixture and introgression between the two species. Using empirical, analytical approaches and simulations, we first developed a set of 1,873 highly informative and reliable diagnostic SNPs for these two species to evaluate the degree of admixture between them. Overall, results indicate a high discriminatory power of nuclear SNPs (FST=0.47, p < 0.05) between the two species, unlike mitochondrial DNA (ΦST = 0.00 p > 0.05), which failed to differentiate between these species. We identified four hybrid individuals (~1%) and detected bi-directional introgression between C. galapagensis and C. obscurus in the Gulf of California along the eastern Pacific coast of the Americas. We emphasize the importance of including a combination of mtDNA and diagnostic nuclear markers to properly assess species identification, detect patterns of hybridisation, and better inform management and conservation of these sharks, especially given the morphological similarities within the genus Carcharhinus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elasmobranchs" title="elasmobranchs">elasmobranchs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20nucleotide%20polymorphisms" title=" single nucleotide polymorphisms"> single nucleotide polymorphisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridisation" title=" hybridisation"> hybridisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=introgression" title=" introgression"> introgression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misidentification" title=" misidentification"> misidentification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105794/introgressive-hybridisation-between-two-widespread-sharks-in-the-east-pacific-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Screening for Antibacterial Activity of Fungi from Indian Marine Environments: A Possible Alternative for New Antibiotics for the Treatment of Skin Microbial Infections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivankar%20Agrawal">Shivankar Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kumar%20Deshmukh"> Sunil Kumar Deshmukh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Barrow"> Colin Barrow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Adholeya"> Alok Adholeya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Millions of people worldwide are affected by infectious diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. Skin and skin structure infections (SSSI) represent a significant category of infectious disease. Unexpectedly, many pathogens have developed resistance towards current antibiotics and over the time this problem has become more and more serious. All these new problems necessitate the continuous search for novel and alternative antibiotics and antifungals. The aim of our research is the screening of extracts of marine fungi for their antibacterial activity against bacteria causing skin and wound infection in humans. A total of 40 marine samples were collected from west coast and Andaman Island of India and 35 morphologically different marine fungi were isolated using natural sea water medium. Among 35 marine fungi, eight isolates exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. In the course of systematic screening program for bioactive marine fungi, strain 'D5' was found to be most potent strain with MIC value of 1 mg/mL, which was morphologically identified as Simplicillium lamellicola. The effects of the most active crude extracts against their susceptible test microorganisms were also investigated by SEM analysis. Purification and characterization of crude extracts for identification of active lead molecule is under process. The results of diversity and antimicrobial activity have increased the scope of finding industrially important marine fungi from Indian marine environments and these organisms could be vital sources for the discovery of pharmaceutically useful molecules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title="antimicrobial activity">antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title=" antibiotic"> antibiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20fungi" title=" marine fungi"> marine fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20infections" title=" skin infections"> skin infections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57470/screening-for-antibacterial-activity-of-fungi-from-indian-marine-environments-a-possible-alternative-for-new-antibiotics-for-the-treatment-of-skin-microbial-infections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Access to the Forest Ecosystem Services: Understanding the Interaction between Livelihood Capitals and Access</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20S.%20M.%20G.%20Kibria">Abu S. M. G. Kibria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alison%20M.%20Behie"> Alison M. Behie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Costanza"> Robert Costanza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Groves"> Colin Groves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tracy%20Farrell"> Tracy Farrell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is aimed to understand the level of access and the influence of livelihood capitals in maintaining access and control of ecosystem services (ESS) in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. Besides the villagers, we consider other stakeholders including the forest department, coast guard, police, merchants, pirates and villagers who ‘controlled’ or ‘maintained’ access to ESS (crab catching, shrimp fry, honey, shrimp, mixed fish, fuel wood) in this region. Villagers used human, physical, natural and social capitals to gain access to ESS. The highest level of access was observed in crab catching and the lowest was found in honey collection, both of which were done when balancing the costs and benefits of accessing one ESS against another. The outcomes of these ongoing access negotiations were determined by livelihood capitals of the households. In addition, it was often found that the certain variables could have a positive effect on one ESS and a negative effect on another. For instance, human, social and natural capitals (eldest daughter’s education and No. of livelihood group membership and) had significant positive effects on honey collection while two components of human and social capitals including ‘eldest son’s education’ and ‘severity of pirate problem’ had exactly the opposite impact. These complex interactions were also observed in access to other ESS. It thus seems that access to ESS is not anything which is provided, but rather it is achieved by using livelihood capitals. Protecting any ecosystem from over exploitation and improve wellbeing can be achieved by properly balancing the livelihood capital-access nexus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=provisioning%20services" title="provisioning services">provisioning services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20level" title=" access level"> access level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livelihood%20capital" title=" livelihood capital"> livelihood capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20gain" title=" access gain"> access gain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54802/access-to-the-forest-ecosystem-services-understanding-the-interaction-between-livelihood-capitals-and-access" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Ifrs Adoption, Enforcement, and the Value Relevant of Accounting Amounts: The Particular Case of South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Chamisa">Edward Chamisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20C.%20Smith"> Colin C. Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamutyinei%20H.%20Pamburai"> Hamutyinei H. Pamburai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20C.%20Abdulla"> Abdul C. Abdulla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South Africa (SA) adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for listed firms effective 1 January 2005. However, it was not until 2011 that substantial financial reporting enforcement changes were introduced, which were meant to ensure compliance with IFRS. This innovative setting allows us to examine the value relevance of accounting amounts during the (1) pre-IFRS adoption period (2002-2004); (2) post-IFRS adoption, but pre-enforcement changes period (2006-2010); and (3) post-enforcement changes period (2011-2012). The results show that accounting amounts were most value relevant in the post-enforcement changes period (R2, 75.5%) compared to both the pre-IFRS adoption period (adjusted R2 is 24.3%) and the period after IFRS adoption but before enforcement changes (adjusted R2 is 37.5%). Also, during the 2008 financial crisis, the equity book value per share was significantly value relevant (at 1%) but not earnings per share, whereas before the crisis, the opposite was true. We make two important contributions to the literature. First, we identify SA as an innovative setting that allows researchers to examine separately the effects of IFRS adoption and enforcement changes on capital markets and accounting quality. This is a departure from prior studies that are dominated by the European Union setting, where IFRS adoption occurred contemporaneously with enforcement and other regulatory changes. Second, we provide preliminary findings which suggest that while the adoption of IFRS seems to have improved the financial reporting quality of accounting amounts of SA listed firms, its impact appears to be limited unless combined with effective enforcement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20financial%20reporting%20standards%20%28ifrs%29" title="international financial reporting standards (ifrs)">international financial reporting standards (ifrs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ifrs%20adoption" title=" ifrs adoption"> ifrs adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20reporting%20enforcement" title=" financial reporting enforcement"> financial reporting enforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20relevance" title=" value relevance"> value relevance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=price%20model" title=" price model"> price model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity%20book%20value" title=" equity book value"> equity book value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earnings%20per%20share" title=" earnings per share"> earnings per share</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174264/ifrs-adoption-enforcement-and-the-value-relevant-of-accounting-amounts-the-particular-case-of-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Selectivity Mechanism of Cobalt Precipitation by an Imidazole Linker From an Old Battery Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna-Caroline%20Lavergne-Bril">Anna-Caroline Lavergne-Bril</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Colin"> Jean-François Colin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Peralta"> David Peralta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascale%20Maldivi"> Pascale Maldivi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cobalt is a critical material, widely used in Li-ion batteries. Due to the planned electrification of European vehicles, cobalt needs are expending – and resources are limited. To meet the needs in cobalt to come, it is necessary to develop new efficient ways to recycle cobalt. One of the biggest sources comes from old electrical vehicles batteries (batteries sold in 2019: 500 000 tons of waste to be). A closed loop process of cobalt recycling has been developed and this presentation aims to present the selectivity mechanism of cobalt over manganese and nickel in solution. Cobalt precipitation as a ZIF material (Zeolitic Imidazolate framework) from a starting solution composed of equimolar nickel, manganese and cobalt is studied. A 2-MeIm (2-methylimidazole) linker is introduced in a multimetallic Ni, Mn, Co solution and the resulting ZIF-67 is 100% pure Co among its metallic centers. Selectivity of Co over Ni is experimentally studied and DFT modelisation calculation are conducted to understand the geometry of ligand-metal-solvent complexes in solution. Selectivity of Co over Mn is experimentally studied, and DFT modelisation calcucation are conducted to understand the link between pKa of the ligand and precipitration of Mn impurities within the final material. Those calculation open the way to other ligand being used in the same process, with more efficiency. Experimental material are synthetized from bimetallic (Ni²⁺/Co²⁺, Mn²⁺/Co²⁺, Mn²⁺/Ni²⁺) solutions. Their crystallographic structure is analysed by XRD diffraction (Brüker AXS D8 diffractometer, Cu anticathode). Morphology is studied by scanning electron microscopy, using a LEO 1530 FE-SEM microscope. The chemical analysis is performed by using ICP-OES (Agilent Technologies 700 series ICP-OES). Modelisation calculation are DFT calculation (density functional theory), using B3LYP, conducted with Orca 4.2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOFs" title="MOFs">MOFs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZIFs" title=" ZIFs"> ZIFs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed-loop" title=" closed-loop"> closed-loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cobalt" title=" cobalt"> cobalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=li-ion%20batteries" title=" li-ion batteries"> li-ion batteries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154201/selectivity-mechanism-of-cobalt-precipitation-by-an-imidazole-linker-from-an-old-battery-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Deciphering the Action of Neuraminidase in Glioblastoma Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathalie%20Baeza-Kallee">Nathalie Baeza-Kallee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rapha%C3%ABl%20Berg%C3%A8s"> Raphaël Bergès</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victoria%20Hein"> Victoria Hein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=St%C3%A9phanie%20Cabaret"> Stéphanie Cabaret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeremy%20Garcia"> Jeremy Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abiga%C3%ABlle%20Gros"> Abigaëlle Gros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emeline%20Tabouret"> Emeline Tabouret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aur%C3%A9lie%20Tchoghandjian"> Aurélie Tchoghandjian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carole%20Colin"> Carole Colin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominique%20Figarella-Branger"> Dominique Figarella-Branger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glioblastoma (GBM) contains cancer stem cells that are resistant to treatment. GBM cancer stem cell expresses glycolipids recognized by the A2B5 antibody. A2B5, induced by the enzyme ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyl transferase 3 (ST8Sia3), plays a crucial role in the proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and tumorigenesis of GBM cancer stem cells. Our aim was to characterize the resulting effects of neuraminidase that remove A2B5 in order to target GBM cancer stem cells. To this end, we set up a GBM organotypic slice model; quantified A2B5 expression by flow cytometry in U87-MG, U87-ST8Sia3, and GBM cancer stem cell lines, treated or not by neuraminidase; performed RNAseq and DNA methylation profiling; and analyzed the ganglioside expression by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in these cell lines, treated or not with neuraminidase. Results demonstrated that neuraminidase decreased A2B5 expression, tumor size, and regrowth after surgical removal in the organotypic slice model but did not induce a distinct transcriptomic or epigenetic signature in GBM CSC lines. RNAseq analysis revealed that OLIG2, CHI3L1, TIMP3, TNFAIP2, and TNFAIP6 transcripts were significantly overexpressed in U87-ST8Sia3 compared to U87-MG. RT-qPCR confirmed these results and demonstrated that neuraminidase decreased gene expression in GBM cancer stem cell lines. Moreover, neuraminidase drastically reduced ganglioside expression in GBM cancer stem cell lines. Neuraminidase, by its pleiotropic action, is an attractive local treatment against GBM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20stem%20cell" title="cancer stem cell">cancer stem cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ganglioside" title=" ganglioside"> ganglioside</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glioblastoma" title=" glioblastoma"> glioblastoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=targeted%20treatment" title=" targeted treatment"> targeted treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171854/deciphering-the-action-of-neuraminidase-in-glioblastoma-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Anti-Tyrosinase and Antibacterial Activities of Marine Fungal Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivankar%20Agrawal">Shivankar Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kumar%20Deshmukh"> Sunil Kumar Deshmukh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Barrow"> Colin Barrow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Adholeya"> Alok Adholeya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A variety of genetic and environmental factors cause various cosmetics and dermatological problems. There are already claimed drugs available in market for treating these problems. However, the challenge remains in finding more potent, environmental friendly, causing minimal side effects and economical cosmeceuticals. This leads to an increased demand for natural cosmeceutical products in the last few decades. Plant derived ingredients are limited because plants either contain toxic metabolites, grow too slow or seasonal harvesting is a problem. The research work carried out in this project aims at isolation, characterization of marine fungal secondary metabolite and evaluating their potential use in future cosmetic skin care products. We have isolated and purified 35 morphologically different fungal isolates from various marine habitats of the India. These isolates have been functionally characterized for anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant and anti-acne activities. For molecular characterization, the Internal Transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 15 functionally active marine fungal isolates was amplified using universal primers, ITS1 and ITS4 and sequenced. Out of 15 marine fungal isolates crude extract of strains D4 (Aspergillus terreus) and P2 (Talaromyces stipitatus) showed 70% and 57% tyrosinase inhibition at 1mg/mL respectively. Strain D5 (Simplicillium lamellicola) has showed significant inhibition against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition, all these strains also displayed DPPH- radical scavenging activity and may be utilized as skin cosmeceutical applications. Purification and characterization of crude extracts for identification of active lead molecule is under process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-acne" title="anti-acne">anti-acne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-tyrosinase" title=" anti-tyrosinase"> anti-tyrosinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmeceutical" title=" cosmeceutical"> cosmeceutical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20fungi" title=" marine fungi"> marine fungi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56303/anti-tyrosinase-and-antibacterial-activities-of-marine-fungal-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> A Discrete Event Simulation Model For Airport Runway Operations Optimization (Case Study)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awad%20Khireldin">Awad Khireldin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Law"> Colin Law</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Runways are the major infrastructure of airports around the world. Efficient operations of runways are key to ensure that airports are running smoothly with minimal delays. There are many factors that affect the efficiency of runway operations, such as the aircraft wake separation, runways system configuration, the fleet mix, and the runways separation distance. This paper aims to address how to maximize runway operations using a Discrete Event Simulation model. A case study of Cairo International Airport (CIA) is developed to maximize the utilizing of three parallel runways using a simulation model. Different scenarios have been designed where every runway could be assigned for arrival, departure, or mixed operations. A benchmarking study was also included to compare the actual to the proposed results to spot the potential improvements. The simulation model shows that there is a significant difference in utilization and delays between the actual and the proposed ones, there are several recommendations that can be provided to airport management, in the short and long term, to increase the efficiency and to reduce the delays. By including the recommendation with different operations scenarios, such as upgrading the airport slot Coordination from Level 1 to Level 2 in the short term. In the long run, discuss the possibilities to increase the International Air Transport association (IATA) slot coordination to Level 3 as more flights are expected to be handled by the airport. Technological advancements such as radar in the approach full airside simulation model could improve the airport performance where the airport is recommended to review the standard operations procedures with the appropriate authorities. Also, the airport can adopt a future operational plan to accommodate the forecasted additional traffic density in case of adding a fourth terminal building to increase the airport capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airport%20performance" title="airport performance">airport performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runway" title=" runway"> runway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20event%20simulation" title=" discrete event simulation"> discrete event simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title=" capacity"> capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=airside" title=" airside"> airside</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158420/a-discrete-event-simulation-model-for-airport-runway-operations-optimization-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Factors Adversely Associated with Breastfeeding among Obese Mothers in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syahrul%20Bariah%20Abdul%20Hamid">Syahrul Bariah Abdul Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20W.%20Binns"> Colin W. Binns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Hui%20Chih"> Jun Hui Chih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The total of obese mothers is growing throughout Asia. Breastfeeding provides the perfect nutrition for infants, by promoting a higher IQ and protecting against childhood and adult diseases. A prospective cohort study was carried out of mothers attending eight antenatal clinics run by the Ministry of Health in Selangor, Malaysia to document the prevalence of obesity and its relationship with breastfeeding outcomes. Mothers were enrolled during the antenatal period and followed up until 6 months postpartum to document breastfeeding outcomes. A total of 652 Malay mothers were recruited for the study a response rate of 93.1 %. The pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of the mothers showed that 36.5% of the mothers were overweight or obese. There were a total of 78 obese mothers in the sample and 41 (52.6%) of these mothers were able to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of birth compared to 238/337 (70.6 %, χ² 9.35, p<0.001) of those with a normal BMI. At 6 months, 23.1 % of obese mothers were exclusively breastfeeding their infants, compared to 56.0 % of the normal BMI mothers. On the other hand, the rate of infant formula feeding was higher in the obese mothers by 53.8 % compared to 19.0 % among normal weight mothers, χ² 37.6, p<0.001). Further analysis suggested these factors were found to be positively associated with discontinued exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months among obese mothers; mothers whom delayed breastfeeding initiation, had health problems during pregnancy, caesarean delivery, reported had insufficient colostrum/milk and babies had sucking problems at or before 4 weeks. Besides that, mothers who perceived their biological mothers had preference towards formula feeding or were ambivalent about the feeding method and had biological mothers without experience in breastfeeding for more than 1 month also were more likely to discontinue exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. These findings suggested that the greater the pre-pregnant BMI, the earlier the cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and they were also less likely to initiate breastfeeding and have less adequate milk supply. Future investigations of the effects of maternal obesity on breastfeeding outcomes should be conducted along with effective interventions to advance the care of obese women at reproductive age and their children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exclusive%20breastfeeding" title="exclusive breastfeeding">exclusive breastfeeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index%20%28BMI%29" title=" body mass index (BMI)"> body mass index (BMI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breastfeeding%20discontinuation" title=" breastfeeding discontinuation"> breastfeeding discontinuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20obesity" title=" maternal obesity"> maternal obesity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71428/factors-adversely-associated-with-breastfeeding-among-obese-mothers-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Climate Change Impact on Slope Stability: A Study of Slope Drainage Design and Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Mugarza">Elena Mugarza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Glendinning"> Stephanie Glendinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ross%20Stirling"> Ross Stirling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Davies"> Colin Davies</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of climate change and increased rainfall events on UK-based infrastructure are observable, with an increasing number being reported on in the national press. The fatal derailment at Stonehaven in 2020 prompted a wider review of Network Rail-owned earthworks assets. The event was indicated by the Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) to be caused by mis-installed drainage on the adjacent cutting. The slope failure on Snake Pass (public highway A57) was reportedly caused by significant water ingress following numerous storm events and resulted in the road’s closure for several months. This problem is only projected to continue with greater intensity and more prolonged rainfall events forecasted in the future. Subsequently, this project is designed to evaluate effective drainage trench design within infrastructure embankments, considering the capillary barrier phenomenon that may govern their deterioration and resultant failure. Theoretically, the differential between grain sizes of the embankment clays and gravels, customarily used in drainage trenches, would have a limiting effect on infiltration. As such, it is anticipated that the inclusion of an additional material with an intermediate grain size should improve the hydraulic conductivity across the drainage boundary. Multiple drainage designs will be studied using instrumentation within the drain and surrounding clays. Data from the real-world installation at the BIONICS embankment will be collected and compared with laboratory and Finite Element (FE) simulations. This research aims to reduce the risk of infrastructure slope failures by improving the resilience of earthwork drainage and lessening the consequential impact on transportation networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthworks" title="earthworks">earthworks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20drainage" title=" slope drainage"> slope drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation%20slopes" title=" transportation slopes"> transportation slopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deterioration" title=" deterioration"> deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20barriers" title=" capillary barriers"> capillary barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20study" title=" field study"> field study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182423/climate-change-impact-on-slope-stability-a-study-of-slope-drainage-design-and-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Executive Deficits in Non-Clinical Hoarders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Heffernan">Thomas Heffernan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nick%20Neave"> Nick Neave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20%20Hamilton"> Colin Hamilton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gill%20Case"> Gill Case</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hoarding is the acquisition of and failure to discard possessions, leading to excessive clutter and significant psychological/emotional distress. From a cognitive-behavioural approach, excessive hoarding arises from information-processing deficits, as well as from problems with emotional attachment to possessions and beliefs about the nature of possessions. In terms of information processing, hoarders have shown deficits in executive functions, including working memory, planning, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. However, this previous research is often confounded by co-morbid factors such as anxiety, depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. The current study adopted a cognitive-behavioural approach, specifically assessing executive deficits and working memory in a non-clinical sample of hoarders, compared with non-hoarders. In this study, a non-clinical sample of 40 hoarders and 73 non-hoarders (defined by The Savings Inventory-Revised) completed the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory, which measures working memory and inhibition, Dysexecutive Questionnaire-Revised, which measures general executive function and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, which measures mood. The participant sample was made up of unpaid young adult volunteers who were undergraduate students and who completed the questionnaires on a university campus. The results revealed that, after observing no differences between hoarders and non-hoarders on age, sex, and mood, hoarders reported significantly more deficits in inhibitory control and general executive function when compared with non-hoarders. There was no between-group difference on general working memory. This suggests that non-clinical hoarders have a specific difficulty with inhibition-control, which enables you to resist repeated, unwanted urges. This might explain the hoarder’s inability to resist urges to buy and keep items that are no longer of any practical use. These deficits may be underpinned by general executive function deficiencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hoarding" title="hoarding">hoarding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive" title=" executive"> executive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deficits" title=" deficits"> deficits</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133654/executive-deficits-in-non-clinical-hoarders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span 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