CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91359fafdf348995',cH: 'Imzm58e3m3N9ICq68WRYhn.Aj3SBVo2h4AqtIvocCmY-1739793697-1.2.1.1-JH_0pTYz.lv7KTRF8nEjI.jLKsWY433_ihmtYyFpCz6Hi8JPXju7AEHY7coTi0Nu',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/187722\/ramadan-and-ethical-integrity-in-the-united-arab-emirates?__cf_chl_tk=TVAOfsKIuqTZwn6OgujezK9v9izS8bti_nUwrtPuMmA-1739793697-1.0.1.1-5zT1L0arbXHS1_lDFlR9h4SjGNZvAvbI7UAzxNxBm9o",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739793697',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/187722\/ramadan-and-ethical-integrity-in-the-united-arab-emirates?__cf_chl_f_tk=TVAOfsKIuqTZwn6OgujezK9v9izS8bti_nUwrtPuMmA-1739793697-1.0.1.1-5zT1L0arbXHS1_lDFlR9h4SjGNZvAvbI7UAzxNxBm9o",md: "1ILfUBvBXL9s_AHmiXM3ZUx6iRP6JTps7OcoP6C7zAw-1739793697-1.2.1.1-NNvhknWDbBejgTD_UGwk4HHib0_DiOgecjI2iXUtxS4nFe5Uj9qW4u5PB8paI_QExGf8RtVR8B1tyxZZD6XZ3.IppRX63YduMMJRXB3ahEOPznI8IeJ_upw.DtICM2IN2roHdTQd5NoMV1cbLSIoDCPRrmrPw5GzB3CUEK52anjop0UW2trk4laDFcDmX4NG1F70S4zU1RjVXd.YTusIPQaQLLRWLm7cyTJnapFJuIZ61.MKo9qx._0J9RSI8n4bJ.dzAwwlHSAinAiPpoFfNVYob6jF8sbaywXcq3tw72ZpoubKztwpxAf1dPm8BoHuksrx5wjBdgxwKrd40AA3CS3UtpQJDoZon8JKp_MT657hGKi1GvaL0eBSqkzGP2.wT2gsFGRrwFQ2Noei6bTlBRXD7oUl0lemXIo.uJ_xfOH9ZHmBHj3C_rBtu22cPtdWTw1fvmLCsjzGOX0s3w2tf1YKRtQnpI52huY1n.K5lOpXbr7572FgPYA0K0w8jxqNgrulLdEGW4_W0dyKxumBc1r8BSoWqy7uEtQ1sRRrOG.IsLcr3rO1jKqKlMOsQdDDjM8tKqiyoEInptomzHSnKftI7f1nPXa61AiZETmppHy2wCFnzlxOQJAT4rmsg5MesKxZ1tNAl4HC4tnXCJHKOqfG2SSwX9ZNQESGOYOBKW5be1FB6am0AH7i2DUJCbquB0_bNtdhlOXxAapa4lmLFHbrYIOrtHNZpDoToRcJg2lZkpbNLSNS8uGDMjEPjfl3QWbe4OJ7x0GxWwGvlPwjbZTq2fxki0WIGbB_vdLdb7ev1yVB6Rpqn90b0NiigSzKDWbM7wEdY_puHLZFC8sNDDYInNrq84PWgRd7Q8K1Ws7YDE6CSD99BYawfoniCW1IF06laE0J_Vn5YKI7So2S81mQttXwPylCv4SlRcTU58dsoach7Nvh3VLtxOCnlBed0Oy1vB9ZUV0kGO2V0.z.abgHTCtgo9l3Uk30uifyQzdu9Kk4A.TchtD3pdpymZaLs9wrWCokJJbTKpsIhnYH2DZqjTsnt_WYbJ.AXdkP7A2RTnyUucIGg_Y6oWu7AxTFI5DbRhTINoC6iOw7azPqS5W3W3OqxlDUWGII1dJkaRX3xJs7XdQibQo.30LW2YpeqaXS2XCu3htINyEgoN4syhwEPoQAWoD5QTmox.JqsLG41ZJsQJk2.fnhKXPSoZZUGfe0G7q19O2o_najpezp9G1oCfktrCbqaGoVqTWdHuCwATY0w1naQTP6Ia1M3ORgQ79L4T2SpN0Gabe.Cc_ffqG6phGJinTxc5J8holybQw9a0urKWTvLG6ThDqa2.gSsWrqmww_zKo5Egftl9YV60iWHRqRgLAfoUs2Ymh_14N2MotwIUUSXKo6Nnxg3s2xhJEAEwB.u1yYU.CW8v5NCc.JpsTNuNVVEMmSJ1xuRQ7R9DA2oLXj21vn4kDEvsysuRuoc2VYSMzSKCXPfqZeMJUChyIs7lnAnlkCzq6sBStX7EJfCV3NH0MY8iggJWLXukLLcCAne4mfbN1EtW2Ji_jGdWtg0jKtRtLnxelqhJ_UG8DHbqUlW6dY1AoeM2lRzNEhLr7f3FBliFOcGmencblveuYFkgN83E.m2Hco6VvmC5F0n136jgPZevsHsPKoRUcGocYP2optuZEOjBJ.2WdFBy3g03lrbSQ1GWhOSAGEScxxx_Uh1GnGc__.A8a7VYJDU0k8TqdkJONGrcQoUU5qKmxHfR7u63qqn9sdKHizIygKFwaBhbQRUdqnH.6cayAYOPPlExR9EQMrHscEruEI5wuyqCoCMGBV.bhwsDNcb_hksS27umK4tuJefD2jX2xPIRSZJp6ELrtUg.WxH7x_AU0jyd3LloUPiaAbmI31zyzrqchHj18o7HocCkycu2M1X96miIBwui0kMnYp4dvL6evNKJwq1Ky83sHwWI_xspY6EVxxh_hva30VQcFLStqjwKE0Uzw503jIxNqI4K.5jIff4tCxhovieXCQTv2Te1irT7uUuf6qRfc5MjhwCfhOx_m5OXBUU7.Z6ATvAg",mdrd: "z.FtM_7jCkSilobjztAtbv.QirpPW4qU53k3Si0893U-1739793697-1.2.1.1-X.GImWBISZX8HxcITHjgBwCTTcVR4EEvPkKIZ6.LNm.dxEHrfq_f9JpNl3ydRwtrmjZlDBhwDAS60bwu9tzGdsWmMzIe5v4d.avDOlliaiiVaZL6dUoigTgTQI9rcvrAuYRTNl58VX84ij1Bdy0g6Vvw13t6R0B447tnk0EE82ezsy2R4EdwATMltVqc0E8j53VJ182A9UxTT8vBpeDXeiL5ATcP5KuQup7tm5ca5wRzJQJLq7J4sQd8o8KfjKljkcnO6Hp4Q.PItI7AKP3AQd.ejX1Tzzmn2sc7517Swld1YCem27xnT0b9B7jvvPROILyEP_8j7js8pyaGQpSygluPcrXcF56cZSvp4TtdkRFyu90u3SvX6GVYqIzI8jl9k7NesKrA1aJrPb8rIlLahhtRivwzSEhj8Iw7eNmNiXdUpnE0SmBn3pFzV9C3aOn9dx0WR6wbkaM2e0kfCn1N5PpJ0fvhibyX5EMZ_cwuNfCwMZ03Fv7XCuI_vgkGSNUdIxr3NEC7xON17v7Kb1C0zIpzxfVDcQSlLZJIH.Ram5g1bSk2MlnG1czEOObDg74pCOGO5UJjclxqH5MLjYPMSebRl9x1rodIrKttbeiEwvxq1SqRIDVZuvM9L1JC5yEyJSguXhKN3KhUSTEHaa11_QkGC9UIoXYxuCjJYVQJ.eu7zQtZUJy6EAwcMsTlZsRVdMeE740TeYSXtj1oxYDaYzT3NC6FlXfxmR1YgpMAVMwP.2IH94rJQw9_t7pzINwCsUdhYOkTcUkxTox3yRh3PRKAChGTVCQl2IY6csXvtDH9gh4Fes2dmDHr4JkU6Q3zm53dNvt6iEC7lKJU3fUZMGWCwR0yz0Wd_tSphhrFzwgwzRPZIC6xLQ6KV5u3wwCI.BFlrDYyu.bJCwmOEHB1FiQ_MOqt5wWH4uq_cD8.B4ARUG_57kVUHN7WRi08MCIqfHZncllTuh5hoXkCh4zf_tltZwI22Ni.eHQyeBj2RvF_iK4XwOFV7yOO50kk3.Hd02qVRjspWOjNQQsnfpHNVYee5drKsp4PQXViFOgYCYVFwqUaMA9tTYUk8WZTDleq5ADmZWZATHExWbbY3by9rfVSoE0EOa9GQu9ezG1NEqVHT3hjgBJkSH3fwfTe92bI_xkgySYdkd1NvMhxQUsTW9esSrcn6TLHh2DUichFpkTcmM8_9D76ktoC9tUp7cmHIjx5R2YkKetjPi7WJ.sb355FlSw4LF2yhfns9sgqzSMpHhFecoiIp91rliUixNOQ7bh7DIZ_oCYmom4W3aeF9BWnm.2gaS5mdDbMwKKb9Z2Fv.5t1czgeSVKcmImjwBGp3Go0dOYBDd4bVwmiLxOVeGBthN41ONMS5ybxkJbUE3bmSgIWw.LNuQG6MPLuMNyLLsZNDUhA6T7w19VRyzJBjvSWa9KaDSjgIa7.csljvqKyCtXKf6cxu5byT1VWqXQR2VooK_CVyR2356YgDF.MVQbA1lLbNuQFYsFtc2eFFRwnry6i9jmgvCOoPXV_enjQb5sHA7pUcYH07QJcLV4OcV6YSBah6jCLkm_Jm6Z._Zo9avs1q_DOOcGIUSGyhzHWy0y9WJJzAS6gdaai362iAq4c_rS4Dj0OAPEGnAvHGZfPBRmmBalaLZ7IaM2XzDWl6Vtgl2AbcOqC6b9a0ZzPOeCR15f.4WXhw5Vy8PGr6tlaknntjHMjCprG_31lIpy3MaKD9PVXfV490iKc_Hd7TMEznOz6Y_RWo1_vASltjmwO7MXo7BbZs12zm6EVTZq9J9RAV.pXhKPZrum6nKjjE9FZ9OCDDfOUiL1dZG7CJSYQ2zDFdaGmisyStP6hMqkzE89RA7Fo8gBHfF2iBXflEKG6pV8jvt5pr4MMFTTnN.h34jf5MRSWf3R3mfG0Dr2K.mzAk2GlzJXiTKwSsOwzq16yxQOdHWOZWw7KTf7sXZIMbUjTXYmAeJwjpTo225g"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91359fafdf348995';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/187722\/ramadan-and-ethical-integrity-in-the-united-arab-emirates?__cf_chl_rt_tk=TVAOfsKIuqTZwn6OgujezK9v9izS8bti_nUwrtPuMmA-1739793697-1.0.1.1-5zT1L0arbXHS1_lDFlR9h4SjGNZvAvbI7UAzxNxBm9o" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>