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Development and history subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Development_and_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Home_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Home version </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuit_from_Magnavox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuit_from_Magnavox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Lawsuit from Magnavox </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuit_from_Magnavox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Impact and legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact and legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Ports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sequels_and_remakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sequels_and_remakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Sequels and remakes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sequels_and_remakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Pong</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" > 55 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA_(%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88)" title="بونغ (ألعاب فيديو) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بونغ (ألعاب فيديو)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong_(%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Pong (гульня) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Pong (гульня)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/PONG" title="PONG – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="PONG" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PONG" title="PONG – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PONG" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پونگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%90%81_(%EB%B9%84%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84)" title="퐁 (비디오 게임) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퐁 (비디오 게임)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong_(ra%C4%8Dunalna_igra)" title="Pong (računalna igra) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pong (računalna igra)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="פונג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פונג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Понг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Понг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC" title="بونج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بونج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3_(%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0)" title="ポン (ゲーム) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポン (ゲーム)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong_(%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Pong (игра) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Pong (игра)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Понг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Понг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ป็อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ป็อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong" title="Pong – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pong" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%93" title="乓 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乓" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%93" title="乓 – Cantonese" 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.ib-video-game .infobox-above{font-style:italic}</style><table class="infobox ib-video-game hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Pong</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A vertical wooden structure with a visual display unit embedded in the front side." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg/220px-Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg/330px-Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg/440px-Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2990" data-file-height="4912" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">An upright cabinet of Pong on display at the <a href="/wiki/Neville_Public_Museum_of_Brown_County" title="Neville Public Museum of Brown County">Neville Public Museum of Brown County</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_publisher" title="Video game publisher">Publisher(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>: Atari</li><li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>: Atari Japan (<a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Akagi-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game designer">Designer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allan_Alcorn" title="Allan Alcorn">Allan Alcorn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">Arcade</a></li> <li>Various <a href="/wiki/Dedicated_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Dedicated consoles">dedicated consoles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>: 29 November 1972</li><li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>: November 1973<a href="#cite_note-Akagi-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>: 1973<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Genre(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sports_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports game">Sports</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mode(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Single-player" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-player">Single-player</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiplayer">multiplayer</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Pong is a <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a>–themed <a href="/wiki/Twitch_gameplay" title="Twitch gameplay">twitch</a> arcade <a href="/wiki/Sports_video_game" title="Sports video game">sports video game</a>, featuring simple <a href="/wiki/2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">two-dimensional graphics</a>, manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari, Inc">Atari</a> and originally released on 29 November 1972. It is one of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">arcade video games</a>; it was created by <a href="/wiki/Allan_Alcorn" title="Allan Alcorn">Allan Alcorn</a> as a training exercise assigned to him by Atari co-founder <a href="/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell" title="Nolan Bushnell">Nolan Bushnell</a>, but Bushnell and Atari co-founder <a href="/wiki/Ted_Dabney" title="Ted Dabney">Ted Dabney</a> were surprised by the quality of Alcorn's work and decided to manufacture the game. Bushnell based the game's concept on an electronic ping-pong game included in the <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">home video game console</a>. In response, Magnavox later sued Atari for patent infringement. Pong was the first commercially successful video game,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and it helped to establish the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">video game industry</a> along with the Magnavox Odyssey. Soon after its release, several companies began producing games that closely mimicked its gameplay. Eventually, Atari's competitors released new types of video games that deviated from Pong's original format to varying degrees, and this, in turn, led Atari to encourage its staff to move beyond Pong and produce more innovative games themselves. Atari released several sequels to Pong that built upon the original's gameplay by adding new features. During the 1975 Christmas season, Atari released a home version of Pong exclusively through <a href="/wiki/Sears,_Roebuck_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears, Roebuck and Company">Sears</a> retail stores. The home version was also a commercial success and led to numerous clones. The game was remade on numerous home and portable platforms following its release. Pong is part of the permanent collection of the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> in Washington, D.C., due to its cultural impact. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gameplay">Gameplay</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gameplay">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pong_Game_Test2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="the video game is a representation of a game of table tennis." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pong_Game_Test2.gif/220px-Pong_Game_Test2.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Pong_Game_Test2.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="212" /></a><figcaption>The two paddles return the ball back and forth. The score is displayed at the top of the screen.</figcaption></figure> Pong is a <a href="/wiki/2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">two-dimensional</a> <a href="/wiki/Sports_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports game">sports game</a> that simulates <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a>. The player controls an in-game paddle by moving it vertically across the left or right side of the screen. They can compete against another player controlling a second paddle on the opposing side. Players use the paddles to hit a ball back and forth. The goal is for each player to reach eleven points before the opponent; points are earned when one fails to return the ball to the other.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fever-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-2-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_and_history">Development and history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development and history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc#Origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari, Inc">Origin of Atari Inc.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlAlcorn-Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A close up photo of a bearded man." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/AlAlcorn-Cropped.jpg/170px-AlAlcorn-Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/AlAlcorn-Cropped.jpg/255px-AlAlcorn-Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/AlAlcorn-Cropped.jpg/340px-AlAlcorn-Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>Atari engineer <a href="/wiki/Allan_Alcorn" title="Allan Alcorn">Allan Alcorn</a> designed and built Pong as a training exercise.</figcaption></figure> Pong was the first game developed by <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari, Inc">Atari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-3-8">[8]</a> In 1971, Bushnell and Dabney found Syzygy Engineering to develop the concept of a standalone computer system with a monitor and attaching a coin slot to it to play games on. Drawing inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Spacewar!" title="Spacewar!">Spacewar!</a>, the duo created <a href="/wiki/Computer_Space" title="Computer Space">Computer Space</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> As the game did not fare well commercially, Bushnell decided to form a company to produce more games by licensing ideas to other companies. The first contract was with <a href="/wiki/Bally_Manufacturing_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bally Manufacturing Corporation">Bally Manufacturing Corporation</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Driving_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving game">driving game</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-2-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-1-10">[10]</a> Soon after the founding, Bushnell hired <a href="/wiki/Allan_Alcorn" title="Allan Alcorn">Allan Alcorn</a> because of his experience with electrical engineering and computer science; Bushnell and Dabney also had previously worked with him at <a href="/wiki/Ampex" title="Ampex">Ampex</a>. Prior to working at Atari, Alcorn had no experience with video games.<a href="#cite_note-AlcornInterview-11">[11]</a> Bushnell had originally planned to develop a <a href="/wiki/Driving_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving video game">driving video game</a>, influenced by <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coin" title="Chicago Coin">Chicago Coin</a>'s Speedway (1969) which at the time was the biggest-selling <a href="/wiki/Electro-mechanical_game" title="Electro-mechanical game">electro-mechanical game</a> at his <a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">amusement arcade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> However, Bushnell had concerns that it might be too complicated for Alcorn's first game.<a href="#cite_note-computerspace-13">[13]</a> To acclimate Alcorn to creating games, Bushnell gave him a project secretly meant to be a warm-up exercise.<a href="#cite_note-AlcornInterview-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-AmerHert-14">[14]</a> Bushnell told Alcorn that he had a contract with <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> for a product, and asked Alcorn to create a simple game with one moving spot, two paddles, and digits for score keeping.<a href="#cite_note-AlcornInterview-11">[11]</a> In 2011, Bushnell stated that the game was inspired by previous versions of electronic tennis he had played before; Bushnell played a version on a <a href="/wiki/PDP-1" title="PDP-1">PDP-1</a> computer in 1964 while attending college.<a href="#cite_note-GI-215-15">[15]</a> However, Alcorn has claimed it was in direct response to Bushnell's viewing of the <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a>'s Tennis game.<a href="#cite_note-AlcornInterview-11">[11]</a> In May 1972, Bushnell had visited the <a href="/wiki/Magnavox" title="Magnavox">Magnavox</a> Profit Caravan in <a href="/wiki/Burlingame,_California" title="Burlingame, California">Burlingame, California</a> where he played the Magnavox Odyssey demonstration, specifically the table tennis game.<a href="#cite_note-RB-History-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-visit-17">[17]</a> Though he thought the game lacked quality, seeing it prompted Bushnell to assign the project to Alcorn.<a href="#cite_note-GI-215-15">[15]</a> Alcorn first examined Bushnell's schematics for Computer Space, but found them to be illegible. He went on to create his own designs based on his knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Transistor%E2%80%93transistor_logic" title="Transistor–transistor logic">transistor–transistor logic</a> (TTL) and Bushnell's game. Feeling the basic game was too boring, Alcorn added features to give the game more appeal. He divided the paddle into eight segments to change the ball's angle of return. For example, the center segments return the ball at a 90° angle in relation to the paddle, while the outer segments return the ball at smaller angles. He also made the ball accelerate the longer it remained in play; missing the ball reset the speed.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-2-6">[6]</a> Another feature was that the in-game paddles were unable to reach the top of the screen. This was caused by a simple circuit that had an inherent defect. Instead of dedicating time to fixing the defect, Alcorn decided it gave the game more difficulty and helped limit the time the game could be played; he imagined two skilled players being able to play forever otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-AlcornInterview-11">[11]</a> Three months into development, Bushnell told Alcorn he wanted the game to feature realistic sound effects and a roaring crowd.<a href="#cite_note-AlcornInterview-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-ArtOfGameWorlds-18">[18]</a> Dabney wanted the game to "boo" and "hiss" when a player lost a round. Alcorn had limited space available for the necessary electronics and was unaware of how to create such sounds with <a href="/wiki/Digital_electronics" title="Digital electronics">digital circuits</a>. After inspecting the <a href="/wiki/Video_signal_generator#Sync_pulse_generators_(SPG)" class="mw-redirect" title="Video signal generator">sync generator</a>, he discovered that it could generate different tones and used those for the game's sound effects.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-2-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-AlcornInterview-11">[11]</a> To construct the prototype, Alcorn purchased a $75 <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a> television set from a local store, placed it into a 4-foot (1.2 m) wooden <a href="/wiki/Arcade_cabinet" title="Arcade cabinet">cabinet</a>, and soldered the wires into boards to create the necessary circuitry. The prototype impressed Bushnell and Dabney so much that they felt it could be a profitable product and decided to test its marketability.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-2-6">[6]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pong_prototype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A horizontal photograph showing the top half of an orange arcade cabinet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pong_prototype.jpg/220px-Pong_prototype.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pong_prototype.jpg/330px-Pong_prototype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pong_prototype.jpg/440px-Pong_prototype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>The Pong prototype that was used in the tavern</figcaption></figure> In August 1972, Bushnell and Alcorn installed the Pong prototype at a local bar, Andy Capp's Tavern.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> They selected the bar because of their good working relation with the bar's owner and manager, Bill Gaddis;<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-4-23">[23]</a> Atari supplied pinball machines to Gaddis.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-3-8">[8]</a> Bushnell and Alcorn placed the prototype on one of the tables near the other entertainment machines: a jukebox, pinball machines, and Computer Space. The game was well received the first night and its popularity continued to grow over the next one and a half weeks. Bushnell then went on a business trip to Chicago to demonstrate Pong to executives at <a href="/wiki/Bally_Manufacturing" title="Bally Manufacturing">Bally</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midway_Games" title="Midway Games">Midway Manufacturing</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-4-23">[23]</a> he intended to use Pong to fulfill his contract with Bally, rather than the driving game.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-2-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-1-7">[7]</a> A few days later, the prototype began exhibiting technical issues and Gaddis contacted Alcorn to fix it. Upon inspecting the machine, Alcorn discovered that the problem was that the coin mechanism was overflowing with quarters.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-4-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:157_W._El_Camino_Real.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/157_W._El_Camino_Real.jpg/220px-157_W._El_Camino_Real.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/157_W._El_Camino_Real.jpg/330px-157_W._El_Camino_Real.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/157_W._El_Camino_Real.jpg/440px-157_W._El_Camino_Real.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3858" data-file-height="2782" /></a><figcaption>The former site of Andy Capp's Tavern in 2023, which was replaced by the Rooster T. Feathers comedy club in 1984<a href="#cite_note-BayAreaStandUp_Page_87-24">[24]</a></figcaption></figure> After hearing about the game's success, Bushnell decided there would be more profit for Atari to manufacture the game rather than license it, but the interest of Bally and Midway had already been piqued.<a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-4-23">[23]</a> Bushnell decided to inform each of the two groups that the other was uninterested—Bushnell told the Bally executives that the Midway executives did not want it and vice versa—to preserve the relationships for future dealings. Upon hearing Bushnell's comment, the two groups declined his offer.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-4-23">[23]</a> Bushnell had difficulty finding financial backing for Pong; banks viewed it as a variant of pinball, which at the time the general public associated with the Mafia. Atari eventually obtained a <a href="/wiki/Line_of_credit" title="Line of credit">line of credit</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo</a> that it used to expand its facilities to house an assembly line.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-5-25">[25]</a> The company announced Pong on 29 November 1972.<a href="#cite_note-atari_production99-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Management sought assembly workers at the local unemployment office, but was unable to keep up with demand. The first arcade cabinets produced were assembled very slowly, about ten machines a day, many of which failed quality testing. Atari eventually streamlined the process and began producing the game in greater quantities.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-5-25">[25]</a> By 1973, they began shipping Pong to other countries with the aid of foreign partners.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-6-28">[28]</a> In Japan, Pong was officially released in November 1973 by Atari Japan, which would later become part of <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Akagi-1">[1]</a> However, Pong had been beaten to the market by two Japanese Pong clones released in July 1973: <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s Pong Tron and <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a>'s Elepong.<a href="#cite_note-Smith-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_version">Home version </h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Home version">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeleGames-Atari-Pong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of a dedicated video game console with two knobs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/TeleGames-Atari-Pong.jpg/220px-TeleGames-Atari-Pong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/TeleGames-Atari-Pong.jpg/330px-TeleGames-Atari-Pong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/TeleGames-Atari-Pong.jpg/440px-TeleGames-Atari-Pong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3540" data-file-height="2600" /></a><figcaption>Atari's Home Pong console, released through <a href="/wiki/Sears" title="Sears">Sears</a> in 1975</figcaption></figure> After the success of Pong, Bushnell pushed his employees to create new products.<a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Home1-30">[30]</a> A new <a href="/wiki/Electronic_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic technology">electronic technology</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Large-scale_integration" class="mw-redirect" title="Large-scale integration">large-scale integration</a> (LSI) chip, had recently become available, which Bushnell believed would "allow pioneering in new" game concepts. Atari began working on the reduction of Pong from a large arcade <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuit board</a> (PCB) down to a small LSI chip for use in a home system. The initial development cost for a game on a single LSI chip was expensive, costing around $50,000 (equivalent to $376,000 in 2023), but once the chip was developed, it became significantly cheaper to <a href="/wiki/Mass-produce" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass-produce">mass-produce</a> the game as well as more difficult to <a href="/wiki/Reverse-engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse-engineer">reverse-engineer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 1974, Atari engineer Harold Lee proposed a home version of Pong that would connect to a television: Home Pong. The system began development under the codename Darlene, named after an employee at Atari. Alcorn worked with Lee to develop the designs and prototype and based them on the same digital technology used in their arcade games. The two worked in shifts to save time and money; Lee worked on the design's logic during the day, while Alcorn <a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">debugged</a> the designs in the evenings. After the designs were approved, fellow Atari engineer Bob Brown assisted Alcorn and Lee in building a prototype. The prototype consisted of a device attached to a wooden pedestal containing over a hundred wires, which would eventually be replaced with a <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">single chip</a> designed by Alcorn and Lee; the chip had yet to be tested and built before the prototype was constructed. The chip was finished in the latter half of 1974, and was, at the time, the highest-performing chip used in a <a href="/wiki/Consumer_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer product">consumer product</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Home1-30">[30]</a> Bushnell and Gene Lipkin, Atari's vice-president of sales, approached toy and electronic retailers to sell Home Pong, but were rejected. Retailers felt the product was too expensive and would not interest consumers.<a href="#cite_note-Three_Rivers_Press-32">[32]</a> Bushnell contacted <a href="/wiki/Sears,_Roebuck_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears, Roebuck and Company">Sears</a> after coming across a <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a> advertisement in the sporting goods section of its catalog. Atari staff (including Bushnell and Lipkin) discussed the game with a representative, Tom Quinn, who expressed enthusiasm and offered the company an exclusive deal. Believing they could find more favorable terms elsewhere, Atari's executives declined and continued to pursue toy retailers. In January 1975, Atari staff set up a Home Pong booth at the American Toy Fair (a <a href="/wiki/Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">trade fair</a>) in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, but was unsuccessful in soliciting orders due to high price of the unit.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> While at the show, they met Quinn again, and, a few days later, set up a meeting with him to obtain a sales order. In order to gain approval from the Sporting Goods department, Quinn suggested Atari demonstrate the game to executives in Chicago. Alcorn and Lipkin traveled to the <a href="/wiki/Sears_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sears Tower">Sears Tower</a> and, despite a technical complication in connection with an antenna on top of the building which broadcast on the same channel as the game, obtained approval. Bushnell told Quinn he could produce 75,000 units in time for the <a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas season</a>; however, Quinn requested double the amount. Though Bushnell knew Atari lacked the capacity to manufacture 150,000 units, he agreed.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Home1-30">[30]</a> Atari acquired a new factory through funding obtained by <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capitalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Don_Valentine" title="Don Valentine">Don Valentine</a>. Supervised by Jimm Tubb, the factory fulfilled the Sears order.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Home2-34">[34]</a> The first units manufactured, branded with Sears' "Tele-Games" name, started to sell around the end of October<a href="#cite_note-1975-10-11_Cash_Box-35">[35]</a> to mid November 1975<a href="#cite_note-1975-11-15_Cash_Box-36">[36]</a> with a 1-year warranty for $98.95 and an additional $7.95 for the optional AC adapter.<a href="#cite_note-1975_Sears_Christmas_Catalog-37">[37]</a> Atari later released a version under its own brand in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-Gamesutra-Pong-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawsuit_from_Magnavox">Lawsuit from Magnavox</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lawsuit from Magnavox">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magnavox-Odyssey-Console-Set.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a dedicated video game console with two input devices connected to it with cables." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Magnavox-Odyssey-Console-Set.jpg/220px-Magnavox-Odyssey-Console-Set.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Magnavox-Odyssey-Console-Set.jpg/330px-Magnavox-Odyssey-Console-Set.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Magnavox-Odyssey-Console-Set.jpg/440px-Magnavox-Odyssey-Console-Set.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5800" data-file-height="2940" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a>, invented by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_H._Baer" title="Ralph H. Baer">Ralph H. Baer</a>, inspired Pong's development.</figcaption></figure> In April 1974 Magnavox filed suit against Atari, Allied Leisure, <a href="/wiki/Midway_Games" title="Midway Games">Bally Midway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coin" title="Chicago Coin">Chicago Dynamics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Magnavox_Sues-39">[39]</a> Magnavox argued that Atari had infringed on Sanders Associates' patents relating to the concept of electronic ping-pong based on detailed records Ralph Baer kept of the Odyssey's design process dating back to 1966. Other documents included depositions from witnesses and a signed guest book that demonstrated Bushnell had played the Odyssey's table tennis game prior to releasing Pong.<a href="#cite_note-RB-How-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Legal-41">[41]</a> In response to claims that he saw the Odyssey, Bushnell later stated that, "The fact is that I absolutely did see the Odyssey game and I didn't think it was very clever."<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> After considering his options, Bushnell decided to settle with Magnavox out of court in June 1976. Bushnell's lawyer felt they could win; however, he estimated legal costs of US$1.5 million, which would have exceeded Atari's funds. Magnavox offered Atari an agreement to become a licensee for US$1.5 million payable in eight installments. In addition, Magnavox obtained the right to full information on Atari products publicly announced or released over the next year.<a href="#cite_note-RB-How-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Legal-41">[41]</a> Magnavox continued to pursue legal action against the other companies, and proceedings began shortly after Atari's settlement. The first case took place at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">district court</a> in Chicago, with Judge John Grady presiding. Magnavox won the suit against the remaining defendants.<a href="#cite_note-RB-How-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Legal-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-CourtYr-43">[43]</a> Atari may have delayed the announcement of the <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a> by a few months to avoid disclosing information about the system under the settlement agreement.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Legal-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-atari_fun_chp5-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_and_legacy">Impact and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Impact and legacy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry#History" title="Video game industry">History of the video game industry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80-Game-Console.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80-Game-Console.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80-Game-Console.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80-Game-Console.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80-Game-Console.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80-Game-Console.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80-Game-Console.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption>Dedicated Pong consoles made their way to various countries, like the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Turnir_(console)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnir (console)">Turnir</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Pong arcade games manufactured by Atari were a great success. The prototype was well received by Andy Capp's Tavern patrons; people came to the bar solely to play the game.<a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-4-23">[23]</a> Following its release, Pong consistently earned four times more revenue than other coin-operated machines.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-8-45">[45]</a> Bushnell estimated that the game earned US$35–40 per day (i.e. 140–160 plays daily per console at $0.25 per play), which he described as nothing he'd ever seen before in the coin-operated entertainment industry at the time.<a href="#cite_note-GI-215-15">[15]</a> The game's earning power resulted in an increase in the number of orders Atari received. This provided Atari with a steady source of income; the company sold the machines at three times the <a href="/wiki/Cost-of-production_theory_of_value" title="Cost-of-production theory of value">cost of production</a>. By 1973, the company had filled 2,500 orders, and at the end of 1974, sold more than 8,000 units.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-8-45">[45]</a> The arcade cabinets have since become collector's items with the <a href="/wiki/Arcade_cabinet#Cocktail_or_table_cabinets" title="Arcade cabinet">cocktail-table version</a> being the rarest.<a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-5-46">[46]</a> Soon after the game's successful testing at Andy Capp's Tavern, other companies began visiting the bar to inspect it. Similar games appeared on the market three months later, produced by companies like Ramtek and <a href="/wiki/Nutting_Associates" title="Nutting Associates">Nutting Associates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-9-47">[47]</a> Atari could do little against the competitors as they had not initially filed for patents on the <a href="/wiki/Solid_state_(electronics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid state (electronics)">solid state</a> technology used in the game. When the company did file for patents, complications delayed the process. As a result, the market consisted primarily of "Pong clones"; author Steven Kent estimated that Atari had produced less than a third of the machines.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-10-48">[48]</a> Bushnell referred to the competitors as "Jackals" because he felt they had an unfair advantage. His solution to competing against them was to produce more innovative games and concepts.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-9-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-10-48">[48]</a> Home Pong was an instant success following its limited 1975 release through Sears; around 150,000 units were sold that holiday season.<a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-2-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Home3-50">[50]</a> The game became Sears' most successful product at the time, which earned Atari a Sears Quality Excellence Award.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Home3-50">[50]</a> Atari's own version sold an additional 50,000 units.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Similar to the arcade version, several companies released clones to capitalize on the home console's success, many of which continued to produce new consoles and video games. Magnavox re-released their Odyssey system with simplified hardware and new features and, later, released updated versions. <a href="/wiki/Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a> entered the video game market with their <a href="/wiki/Telstar_(game_console)" class="mw-redirect" title="Telstar (game console)">Telstar console</a>; it features three Pong variants and was also succeeded by newer models.<a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-2-49">[49]</a> Nintendo released the <a href="/wiki/Color_TV-Game" title="Color TV-Game">Color TV-Game 6</a> in 1977, which plays six variations of electronic tennis. The next year, it was followed by an updated version, the Color TV-Game 15, which features fifteen variations. The systems were Nintendo's entry into the home video game market and the first to produce themselves—they had previously licensed the Magnavox Odyssey.<a href="#cite_note-GameOver-LightTennis-52">[52]</a> The dedicated Pong consoles and the numerous clones have since become varying levels of rare; Atari's Pong consoles are common, while APF Electronics' <a href="/wiki/APF_TV_Fun" class="mw-redirect" title="APF TV Fun">TV Fun</a> consoles are moderately rare.<a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-3-53">[53]</a> Prices among collectors, however, vary with rarity; the Sears Tele-Games versions are often cheaper than those with the Atari brand.<a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-2-49">[49]</a> Several publications consider Pong the game that launched the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">video game industry</a> as a lucrative enterprise.<a href="#cite_note-AmerHert-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gamesutra-Pong-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-IGN-Pong-54">[54]</a> Video game author David Ellis sees the game as the cornerstone of the video game industry's success, and called the arcade game "one of the most historically significant" titles.<a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-5-46">[46]</a> Kent attributes the "arcade phenomenon" to Pong and Atari's games that followed it, and considers the release of the home version the successful beginning of home <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game consoles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-9-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-Home3-50">[50]</a> Bill Loguidice and Matt Barton of <a href="/wiki/Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a> referred to the game's release as the start of a new entertainment medium, and commented that its simple, intuitive gameplay made it a success.<a href="#cite_note-Gamesutra-Pong-38">[38]</a> In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Flux_(magazine)" title="Flux (magazine)">Flux</a> magazine ranked the game 56th on their "Top 100 Video Games."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In 1996 <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a> named it one of the "Top 100 Games of All Time", recounting that "Next Generation staff ignor[ed] hundreds of thousands of dollars of 32-bit software to play Pong for hours when the Genesis version was released."<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a> listed Pong as number 34 on their "Top 50 Games of All Time", commenting that, "Despite, or perhaps because of, its simplicity, Pong is the ultimate two-player challenge – a test of reaction times and very simple strategy stripped down to its barest essentials."<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a> named Pong one of the top ten games for the Atari 2600 in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-ew-58">[58]</a> Many of the companies that produced their own versions of Pong eventually became well known within the industry. <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> entered the video game market with clones of Home Pong. The revenue generated from them—each system sold over a million units—helped the company survive a difficult financial time, and spurred them to pursue video games further.<a href="#cite_note-GameOver-LightTennis-52">[52]</a> After seeing the success of Pong, <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a> decided to break into the arcade game market and released its first title, Maze. Its moderate success drove the company to develop more titles.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/The_Strong_National_Museum_of_Play" title="The Strong National Museum of Play">The Strong National Museum of Play</a> inducted Pong to its <a href="/wiki/World_Video_Game_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Video Game Hall of Fame">World Video Game Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Bushnell felt that Pong was especially significant in its role as a <a href="/wiki/Social_lubricant" title="Social lubricant">social lubricant</a>, since it was multiplayer-only and did not require each player to use more than one hand: "It was very common to have a girl with a quarter in hand pull a guy off a bar stool and say, 'I'd like to play Pong and there's nobody to play.' It was a way you could play games, you were sitting shoulder to shoulder, you could talk, you could laugh, you could challenge each other ... As you became better friends, you could put down your beer and hug. You could put your arm around the person. You could play left-handed if you so desired. In fact, there are a lot of people who have come up to me over the years and said, 'I met my wife playing Pong,' and that's kind of a nice thing to have achieved."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ports">edit</a>]</div> Atari remade the game on numerous platforms. In 1977, Pong and several variants of the game were featured in <a href="/wiki/Video_Olympics" title="Video Olympics">Video Olympics</a>, one of the original release titles for the <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a>. Pong has also been included in several Atari compilations on many different platforms, such as <a href="/wiki/Arcade_Classics" title="Arcade Classics">Arcade Classics</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Sega Genesis</a>, Paired with <a href="/wiki/Asteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroids">Asteroids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yars_Revenge" class="mw-redirect" title="Yars Revenge">Yars Revenge</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a>. Atari Classics Evolved on the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retro_Atari_Classics" title="Retro Atari Classics">Retro Atari Classics</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atari_Anthology" title="Atari Anthology">Atari: 80 Classic Games in One!</a> for <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Atari_50" title="Atari 50">Atari 50: The Anniversary Celebration</a> (2022) compilation for <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Through an agreement with Atari, <a href="/wiki/Bally_Technologies" title="Bally Technologies">Bally Gaming and Systems</a> developed a <a href="/wiki/Slot_machine" title="Slot machine">slot machine</a> version of the game.<a href="#cite_note-PongSlots-68">[68]</a> The game was also included as a loading screen minigame on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox versions of <a href="/wiki/TD_Overdrive:_The_Brotherhood_of_Speed" title="TD Overdrive: The Brotherhood of Speed">TD Overdrive: The Brotherhood of Speed</a>, however the Windows version doesn't include it.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sequels_and_remakes">Sequels and remakes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sequels and remakes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atari_Super_Pong_IV_(1976)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a dedicated video game console." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Atari_Super_Pong_IV_%281976%29_2.jpg/220px-Atari_Super_Pong_IV_%281976%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Atari_Super_Pong_IV_%281976%29_2.jpg/330px-Atari_Super_Pong_IV_%281976%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Atari_Super_Pong_IV_%281976%29_2.jpg/440px-Atari_Super_Pong_IV_%281976%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="1968" /></a><figcaption>Tele-Games Pong IV, <a href="/wiki/Sears" title="Sears">Sears</a>' version of Pong sequel (Pong Doubles), was one of the many consoles that flooded the market by 1977.</figcaption></figure> Bushnell felt the best way to compete against imitators was to create better products, leading Atari to produce sequels in the years following the original's release: Pong Doubles, Super Pong, Quadrapong and Pinpong.<a href="#cite_note-Fever-5">[5]</a> The sequels feature similar graphics, but include new gameplay elements; for example, Pong Doubles allows four players to compete in pairs, while Quadrapong—also released by <a href="/wiki/Kee_Games" title="Kee Games">Kee Games</a> as Elimination—has them compete against each other in a four-way field.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Bushnell also conceptualized a <a href="/wiki/Free-to-play" title="Free-to-play">free-to-play</a> version of Pong to entertain children in a Doctor's office. He initially titled it Snoopy Pong and fashioned the cabinet after <a href="/wiki/Snoopy" title="Snoopy">Snoopy</a>'s doghouse with the character on top, but retitled it to <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Pong" title="Doctor Pong">Puppy Pong</a> and altered Snoopy to a generic dog to avoid legal action. Bushnell later used the game in his chain of <a href="/wiki/Chuck_E._Cheese" title="Chuck E. Cheese">Chuck E. Cheese's</a> restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-Fever-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-PriceGuide-4-76">[76]</a> In 1976, Atari released <a href="/wiki/Breakout_(video_game)" title="Breakout (video game)">Breakout</a>, a single-player variation of Pong where the object of the game is to remove bricks from a wall by hitting them with a ball.<a href="#cite_note-Ultimate-7-77">[77]</a> Like Pong, Breakout was followed by <a href="/wiki/Breakout_clone" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakout clone">numerous clones</a> that copied the gameplay, such as <a href="/wiki/Arkanoid" title="Arkanoid">Arkanoid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alleyway_(video_game)" title="Alleyway (video game)">Alleyway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Break_%27Em_All" title="Break 'Em All">Break 'Em All</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> A <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D</a> <a href="/wiki/Platform_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform game">platform game</a> with <a href="/wiki/Puzzle" title="Puzzle">puzzle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">shooter</a> elements was reportedly in development by <a href="/wiki/Atari_Corporation" title="Atari Corporation">Atari Corporation</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Atari Jaguar</a> in September 1995 under the title Pong 2000, as part of their series of arcade game updates for the system and was set to have an original storyline for it,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> but it was never released. In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Hasbro_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasbro Interactive">Hasbro Interactive</a> released a new title known as <a href="/wiki/Pong:_The_Next_Level" title="Pong: The Next Level">Pong: The Next Level</a> for home computers and the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a>. This game was released as part of a trend within the time period of popular arcade games being remade with <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D graphics</a> and art styles. The game also featured many <a href="/wiki/Power-up" title="Power-up">power-ups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In 2012, Atari celebrated the 40th anniversary of Pong by releasing Pong World for <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, which was developed by zGames.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In 2020, a new game titled Pong Quest was developed by Chequered Ink and released by Atari on Steam, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> A remake of Pong has been announced for release exclusively for the <a href="/wiki/Intellivision_Amico" title="Intellivision Amico">Intellivision Amico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universum_TV_Multispiel_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two children playing Pong on a television set." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Universum_TV_Multispiel_2006.jpg/260px-Universum_TV_Multispiel_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Universum_TV_Multispiel_2006.jpg/390px-Universum_TV_Multispiel_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Universum_TV_Multispiel_2006.jpg/520px-Universum_TV_Multispiel_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>First generation Pong console in a retro 1970s installation at the <a href="/wiki/Computerspielemuseum_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Computerspielemuseum Berlin">Computerspielemuseum Berlin</a>, in 2017</figcaption></figure> The game is featured in episodes of television series including <a href="/wiki/That_%2770s_Show" title="That '70s Show">That '70s Show</a>,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Hill" title="King of the Hill">King of the Hill</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In 2006, an <a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a> commercial featured <a href="/wiki/Andy_Roddick" title="Andy Roddick">Andy Roddick</a> in a tennis match against the white, in-game paddle.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Other video games have also referenced and parodied Pong; for example <a href="/wiki/Neuromancer_(video_game)" title="Neuromancer (video game)">Neuromancer</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banjo-Kazooie:_Nuts_%26_Bolts" title="Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Bolts">Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Bolts</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The concert event <a href="/wiki/Video_Games_Live" title="Video Games Live">Video Games Live</a> has performed audio from Pong as part of a special retro "Classic Arcade Medley".<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Black_Francis" title="Black Francis">Frank Black</a>'s song "Whatever Happened to Pong?" on the album <a href="/wiki/Teenager_of_the_Year_(album)" title="Teenager of the Year (album)">Teenager of the Year</a> references the game's elements.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Dutch design studio Buro Vormkrijgers created a Pong-themed clock as a fun project within their offices. After the studio decided to manufacture it for retail, Atari took legal action in February 2006. The two companies eventually reached an agreement in which Buro Vormkrijgers could produce a limited number under license.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In 1999, French artist <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Huyghe" title="Pierre Huyghe">Pierre Huyghe</a> created an installation titled "Atari Light", in which two people use handheld gaming devices to play Pong on an illuminated ceiling. The work was shown at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale">Venice Biennale</a> in 2001, and the <a href="/wiki/Museo_de_Arte_Contempor%C3%A1neo_de_Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" title="Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León">Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León</a> in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The game was included in the <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> <a href="/wiki/Barbican_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbican Art Gallery">Barbican Art Gallery</a>'s 2002 <a href="/wiki/Game_On_(exhibition)" title="Game On (exhibition)">Game On exhibition</a> meant to showcase the various aspects of video game history, development, and culture.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Akagi-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Akagi_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akagi_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akagi_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAkagi2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ArcadeGameList1971-2005/page/n52">アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971-2005)</a> [Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition (1971-2005)] (in Japanese). Japan: Amusement News Agency. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4990251215" title="Special:BookSources/978-4990251215"><bdi>978-4990251215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89TV%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E2%80%A2%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%A8%281971-2005%29&rft.place=Japan&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Amusement+News+Agency&rft.date=2006-10-13&rft.isbn=978-4990251215&rft.aulast=Akagi&rft.aufirst=Masumi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FArcadeGameList1971-2005%2Fpage%2Fn52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ACE_Issue_06_1988-03_Future_Publishing_GB/page/n30/mode/1up">"After Pong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ACE_(magazine)" title="ACE (magazine)">ACE</a>. No. 6 (March 1988). 4 February 1988. pp. 29–32 (31).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACE&rft.atitle=After+Pong&rft.issue=6+%28March+1988%29&rft.pages=29-32+%2831%29&rft.date=1988-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FACE_Issue_06_1988-03_Future_Publishing_GB%2Fpage%2Fn30%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/4007/Atari-PONG">"Atari PONG"</a>. The Centre for Computing History. Retrieved 17 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Centre+for+Computing+History&rft.atitle=Atari+PONG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computinghistory.org.uk%2Fdet%2F4007%2FAtari-PONG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=9074">"Pong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a>. 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Retrieved 25 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=The+Mother+of+All+Video+Games&rft.date=2006-11-29&rft.aulast=Rapp&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Fpeople%2Farticles%2Fweb%2F20061129-pong-video-games-nolan-bushnell-atari-al-alcorn-nintendo.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GI-215-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GI-215_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GI-215_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GI-215_15-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelgeson2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Helgeson, Matt (March 2011). "The Father of the Game Industry Returns to Atari". Game Informer. No. 215. p. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Game+Informer&rft.atitle=The+Father+of+the+Game+Industry+Returns+to+Atari&rft.issue=215&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2011-03&rft.aulast=Helgeson&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RB-History-16"><a href="#cite_ref-RB-History_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ralphbaer.com/video_game_history.htm">"Video game history"</a>. R. H. Baer Consultants. 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111223011401/https://www.ralphbaer.com/video_game_history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+game+history&rft.pub=R.+H.+Baer+Consultants&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ralphbaer.com%2Fvideo_game_history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-visit-17"><a href="#cite_ref-visit_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaer2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_H._Baer" title="Ralph H. Baer">Baer, Ralph</a> (April 2005). Video Games: In The Beginning. New Jersey, USA: Rolenta Press. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9643848-1-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9643848-1-7"><bdi>0-9643848-1-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Video+Games%3A+In+The+Beginning&rft.place=New+Jersey%2C+USA&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Rolenta+Press&rft.date=2005-04&rft.isbn=0-9643848-1-7&rft.aulast=Baer&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArtOfGameWorlds-18"><a href="#cite_ref-ArtOfGameWorlds_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2004" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Dave (2004). "Funky Town". The Art of Game Worlds. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-072430-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-072430-7"><bdi>0-06-072430-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Funky+Town&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Game+Worlds&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-06-072430-7&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metroactive.com/features/columns/pong-40th-anniversary-rooster-t-feathers.html">"Pong 40th anniversary – Rooster T. Feathers – Features & Columns"</a>. www.metroactive.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709091930/http://www.metroactive.com/features/columns/pong-40th-anniversary-rooster-t-feathers.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metroactive.com&rft.atitle=Pong+40th+anniversary+%E2%80%93+Rooster+T.+Feathers+%E2%80%93+Features+%26+Columns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metroactive.com%2Ffeatures%2Fcolumns%2Fpong-40th-anniversary-rooster-t-feathers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong" class="citation magazine cs1">Long, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2010/11/1129pong/">"Nov. 29, 1972: Pong, a Game Any Drunk Can Play"</a>. WIRED. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901154356/https://www.wired.com/2010/11/1129pong">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Nov.+29%2C+1972%3A+Pong%2C+a+Game+Any+Drunk+Can+Play&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2010%2F11%2F1129pong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/story/183">"Pong – CHM Revolution"</a>. www.computerhistory.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709182848/http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/story/183">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.computerhistory.org&rft.atitle=Pong+%E2%80%93+CHM+Revolution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Frevolution%2Fstory%2F183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2011" class="citation magazine cs1">Goldberg, Harold (28 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/03/pong-excerpt-201103">"The Origins of the First Arcade Video Game: Atari's Pong"</a>. Vanity Fair. No. March. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150111232305/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2011/03/pong-excerpt-201103">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+the+First+Arcade+Video+Game%3A+Atari%27s+Pong&rft.issue=March&rft.date=2011-03-28&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fculture%2Ffeatures%2F2011%2F03%2Fpong-excerpt-201103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ultimate-4-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-4_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-4_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-4_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-4_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-4_23-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-4_23-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Steven (2001). "And Then There Was Pong". Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. pp. 43–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=And+Then+There+Was+Pong&rft.btitle=Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=43-45&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BayAreaStandUp_Page_87-24"><a href="#cite_ref-BayAreaStandUp_Page_87_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGPatterson2022" class="citation book cs1">G, Nina; Patterson, OJ (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sShaEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87">Bay Area Stand-Up Comedy: A Humorous History</a>. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467149884" title="Special:BookSources/9781467149884"><bdi>9781467149884</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bay+Area+Stand-Up+Comedy%3A+A+Humorous+History&rft.place=Charleston%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781467149884&rft.aulast=G&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft.au=Patterson%2C+OJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsShaEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ultimate-5-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-5_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-5_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Steven (2001). "The King and Court". Ultimate History of Video Games. 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Retrieved 19 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Production+Numbers&rft.pub=Atari&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atarigames.com%2Fatarinumbers90s.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/November/29/">"This Day in History: November 29"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103230403/http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/november/29/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+Day+in+History%3A+November+29&rft.pub=Computer+History+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Ftdih%2FNovember%2F29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ultimate-6-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-6_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Steven (2001). "The Jackals". Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Jackals&rft.btitle=Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Smith_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Alexander (19 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cxy_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT191">They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971-1982</a>. <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. pp. 191–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-75261-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-75261-2"><bdi>978-0-429-75261-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+Create+Worlds%3A+The+Story+of+the+People+and+Companies+That+Shaped+the+Video+Game+Industry%2C+Vol.+I%3A+1971-1982&rft.pages=191-95&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft.isbn=978-0-429-75261-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCxy_DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ultimate-Home1-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-Home1_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-Home1_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-Home1_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Steven (2001). 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Three Rivers Press. pp. 80–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Could+You+Repeat+That+Two+More+Times%3F&rft.btitle=Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=80-83&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbarardo1975" class="citation magazine cs1">Albarardo, Sonny (October 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-1-number-10-october-1975-600dpi/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%201%2C%20Number%2010%20-%20October%201975/page/31">"Silicon Gulch cowboys aim to be top guns of games"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Play_Meter" title="Play Meter">Play Meter</a>. Vol. 1, no. 10. pp. 31–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Play+Meter&rft.atitle=Silicon+Gulch+cowboys+aim+to+be+top+guns+of+games&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=31-7&rft.date=1975-10&rft.aulast=Albarardo&rft.aufirst=Sonny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplay-meter-volume-1-number-10-october-1975-600dpi%2FPlay%2520Meter%2520-%2520Volume%25201%252C%2520Number%252010%2520-%2520October%25201975%2Fpage%2F31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Three_Rivers_Press-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Three_Rivers_Press_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Steven L/ (2001). the Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=the+Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven+L%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Alexander (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cxy_DwAAQBAJ&q=Atari+home+pong+toy+trade+fair+1975&pg=PT207">They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971–1982</a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429752612" title="Special:BookSources/9780429752612"><bdi>9780429752612</bdi></a>. Retrieved 16 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+Create+Worlds%3A+The+Story+of+the+People+and+Companies+That+Shaped+the+Video+Game+Industry%2C+Vol.+I%3A+1971%E2%80%931982&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780429752612&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCxy_DwAAQBAJ%26q%3DAtari%2Bhome%2Bpong%2Btoy%2Btrade%2Bfair%2B1975%26pg%3DPT207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ultimate-Home2-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-Home2_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Steven (2001). "Could You Repeat That Two More Times?". Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. pp. 84–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Could+You+Repeat+That+Two+More+Times%3F&rft.btitle=Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=84-87&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1975-10-11_Cash_Box-35"><a href="#cite_ref-1975-10-11_Cash_Box_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cashbox37unse_19/page/48/mode/2up?q=pong">"Atari Markets 'Pong' TV Home Unit; Consumer Distribution Thru Sears"</a>. Cash Box. 11 October 1975. Retrieved 19 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=Atari+Markets+%27Pong%27+TV+Home+Unit%3B+Consumer+Distribution+Thru+Sears&rft.date=1975-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcashbox37unse_19%2Fpage%2F48%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dpong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1975-11-15_Cash_Box-36"><a href="#cite_ref-1975-11-15_Cash_Box_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cashbox37unse_24/page/44/mode/2up?q=pong">"Atari Brings 'Pong' Into The Livingroom"</a>. Cash Box. 15 November 1975. p. 45. Retrieved 19 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=Atari+Brings+%27Pong%27+Into+The+Livingroom&rft.pages=45&rft.date=1975-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcashbox37unse_24%2Fpage%2F44%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3Dpong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1975_Sears_Christmas_Catalog-37"><a href="#cite_ref-1975_Sears_Christmas_Catalog_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1975-sears-christmas-wish-book/page/410/mode/2up?q=pong">Wish Book for the 1975 Christmas Season</a>. Sears. 1975. p. 410. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3900/the_history_of_pong_avoid_missing_.php">the original</a> on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&rft.atitle=The+History+Of+Pong%3A+Avoid+Missing+Game+to+Start+Industry&rft.date=2009-01-09&rft.aulast=Loguidice&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Matt+Barton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Ffeature%2F3900%2Fthe_history_of_pong_avoid_missing_.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Magnavox_Sues-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Magnavox_Sues_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Magnavox Sues Firms Making Video Games, Charges Infringement". 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Baer Consultants. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424064425/https://www.ralphbaer.com/how_video_games.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Genesis%3A+How+the+Home+Video+Games+Industry+Began&rft.pub=R.+H.+Baer+Consultants&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Baer&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ralphbaer.com%2Fhow_video_games.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ultimate-Legal-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-Legal_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-Legal_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-Legal_41-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-Legal_41-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Steven (2001). "And Then There Was Pong". Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. pp. 45–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=And+Then+There+Was+Pong&rft.btitle=Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=45-48&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Nolan Bushnell (2003). 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Three Rivers Press. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Case+of+Two+Gorillas&rft.btitle=Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atari_fun_chp5-44"><a href="#cite_ref-atari_fun_chp5_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldbergVendel2012" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (2012). "Chapter 5". Atari Inc: Business is Fun. Sygyzy Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0985597405" title="Special:BookSources/978-0985597405"><bdi>978-0985597405</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5&rft.btitle=Atari+Inc%3A+Business+is+Fun&rft.pub=Sygyzy+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0985597405&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Marty&rft.au=Vendel%2C+Curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ultimate-8-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-8_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-8_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Steven (2001). "The King and Court". Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. pp. 53–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+King+and+Court&rft.btitle=Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=53-54&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PriceGuide-5-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PriceGuide-5_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PriceGuide-5_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2004" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officialpricegui00davi/page/400">"Arcade Classics"</a>. Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games. 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"The Jackals". Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. pp. 60–61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Jackals&rft.btitle=Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=60-61&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ultimate-10-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-10_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ultimate-10_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Steven (2001). "The King and Court". Ultimate History of Video Games. Three Rivers Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+King+and+Court&rft.btitle=Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PriceGuide-2-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PriceGuide-2_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PriceGuide-2_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PriceGuide-2_49-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2004" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officialpricegui00davi/page/33">"Dedicated Consoles"</a>. Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games. 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Retrieved 31 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quadrapong&rft.pub=Killer+List+of+Videogames&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcade-museum.com%2Fgame_detail.php%3Fgame_id%3D9187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=7597">"Doctor Pong"</a>. Killer List of Videogames. Retrieved 31 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doctor+Pong&rft.pub=Killer+List+of+Videogames&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcade-museum.com%2Fgame_detail.php%3Fgame_id%3D7597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=9159">"Puppy Pong"</a>. Killer List of Videogames. 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NBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saturday+Night+Live&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.series=Season+1.+Episode+5&rft.date=1975-11-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshcraft2006" class="citation web cs1">Ashcraft, Brian (22 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090629220432/http://kotaku.com/gaming/television/roddick-vs-pong-195709.php">"Roddick vs. Pong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/gaming/television/roddick-vs-pong-195709.php">the original</a> on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roddick+vs.+Pong&rft.pub=Kotaku&rft.date=2006-08-22&rft.aulast=Ashcraft&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fgaming%2Ftelevision%2Froddick-vs-pong-195709.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2004" class="citation web cs1">Parker, Sam (13 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130102171130/http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/all/greatestgames/p-37.html">"The Greatest Games of All Time: Neuromancer"</a>. GameSpot. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/gamespot/features/all/greatestgames/p-37.html">the original</a> on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=The+Greatest+Games+of+All+Time%3A+Neuromancer&rft.date=2004-02-13&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Fgamespot%2Ffeatures%2Fall%2Fgreatestgames%2Fp-37.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2008" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Luke (11 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/articles/banjo-kazooie-nuts-and-bolts-updated-hands-on/1100-6197547/">"Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Bolts Updated Hands-On"</a>. GameSpot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223220152/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/banjo-kazooie-nuts-and-bolts-updated-hands-on/1100-6197547/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=Banjo-Kazooie%3A+Nuts+%26+Bolts+Updated+Hands-On&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Farticles%2Fbanjo-kazooie-nuts-and-bolts-updated-hands-on%2F1100-6197547%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicrosoft2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (28 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070719050209/http://games.ign.com/articles/816/816582p1.html">"Microsoft Brings Video Games Live To London"</a>. GameSpot. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://games.ign.com/articles/816/816582p1.html">the original</a> on 19 July 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Brings+Video+Games+Live+To+London&rft.date=2007-08-28&rft.au=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgames.ign.com%2Farticles%2F816%2F816582p1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Black_Francis" title="Black Francis">Frank Black</a> (Singer) (23 May 1994). Album: <a href="/wiki/Teenager_of_the_Year_(album)" title="Teenager of the Year (album)">Teenager of the Year</a> Song: Whatever Happened to Pong?. <a href="/wiki/Elektra_Records" title="Elektra Records">Elektra Records</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Album%3A+Teenager+of+the+Year+Song%3A+Whatever+Happened+to+Pong%3F&rft.pub=Elektra+Records&rft.date=1994-05-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrecente2006" class="citation web cs1">Crecente, Brian (28 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120712000450/http://kotaku.com/157394/atari-threatens-pong-clock-makers?tag=gamingpongclock">"Atari Threatens Pong Clock Makers"</a>. Kotaku. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/gaming/pong-clock/atari-threatens-pong-clock-makers-157394.php">the original</a> on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atari+Threatens+Pong+Clock+Makers&rft.pub=Kotaku&rft.date=2006-02-28&rft.aulast=Crecente&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fgaming%2Fpong-clock%2Fatari-threatens-pong-clock-makers-157394.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mid-day.com/articles/tech-rewind-interesting-facts-about-the-hit-arcade-video-game-pong/15795171">"Tech rewind: Interesting facts about the hit arcade video game Pong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mid-Day" title="Mid-Day">Mid-Day</a>. 29 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306133228/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/tech-rewind-interesting-facts-about-the-hit-arcade-video-game-pong/15795171">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mid-Day&rft.atitle=Tech+rewind%3A+Interesting+facts+about+the+hit+arcade+video+game+Pong&rft.date=2015-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mid-day.com%2Farticles%2Ftech-rewind-interesting-facts-about-the-hit-arcade-video-game-pong%2F15795171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyes,_Emma2006" class="citation web cs1">Boyes, Emma (9 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/articles/london-museum-showcases-games/1100-6159465/">"London museum showcases games"</a>. GameSpot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323001946/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/london-museum-showcases-games/1100-6159465/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=London+museum+showcases+games&rft.date=2006-10-09&rft.au=Boyes%2C+Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Farticles%2Flondon-museum-showcases-games%2F1100-6159465%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1984" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Scott (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zaprisefall00cohe">Zap! The Rise and Fall of Atari</a>. McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-011543-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-011543-9"><bdi>978-0-07-011543-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zap%21+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Atari&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-07-011543-9&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzaprisefall00cohe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerman1997" class="citation book cs1">Herman, Leonard (1997). <a href="/wiki/Phoenix:_The_Fall_%26_Rise_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix: The Fall & Rise of Videogames">Phoenix: The Fall & Rise of Videogames</a>. Rolenta Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9643848-2-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9643848-2-8"><bdi>978-0-9643848-2-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phoenix%3A+The+Fall+%26+Rise+of+Videogames&rft.pub=Rolenta+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-9643848-2-8&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlineDyer-WithefordDe_Peuter2003" class="citation book cs1">Kline, Stephen; Dyer-Witheford, Nick; De Peuter, Greig (2003). Digital Play: The interaction of Technology, Culture and Marketing. McGill-Queen's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2591-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2591-7"><bdi>978-0-7735-2591-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digital+Play%3A+The+interaction+of+Technology%2C+Culture+and+Marketing&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-2591-7&rft.aulast=Kline&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Dyer-Witheford%2C+Nick&rft.au=De+Peuter%2C+Greig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowood,_H.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lowood, H. (2009). "Videogames in Computer Space: The Complex History of Pong". <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Annals_of_the_History_of_Computing" title="IEEE Annals of the History of Computing">IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</a>. 31 (3): 5–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMAHC.2009.53">10.1109/MAHC.2009.53</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7653073">7653073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Annals+of+the+History+of+Computing&rft.atitle=Videogames+in+Computer+Space%3A+The+Complex+History+of+Pong&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=5-19&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FMAHC.2009.53&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7653073%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Lowood%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APong" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pong&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pong">Pong</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pong-story.com">Pong-story.com</a>, comprehensive site about Pong and its origins</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atarimuseum.com/">The Atari Museum</a>, an in-depth look at Atari and its history</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flyers.arcade-museum.com/flyers_video/atari/11013001.jpg">Pong Flyer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mobygames.com/game-group/pong-variants">Pong variants</a> at <a href="/wiki/MobyGames" title="MobyGames">MobyGames</a></li> <li><a href="//archive.org/details/pong_mame" class="extiw" title="iarchive:pong mame">Pong</a> can be played for free in the browser on the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pong_series" title="Template:Pong series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pong_series" title="Template talk:Pong series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pong_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pong series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pong</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Pong" title="Doctor Pong">Doctor Pong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pong:_The_Next_Level" title="Pong: The Next Level">Pong: The Next Level</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_Classics" title="Arcade Classics">Arcade Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Anniversary_Edition" title="Atari Anniversary Edition">Atari Anniversary Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Anthology" title="Atari Anthology">Atari Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_Atari_Classics" title="Retro Atari Classics">Retro Atari Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Greatest_Hits" title="Atari Greatest Hits">Atari Greatest Hits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Vault" title="Atari Vault">Atari Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_50" title="Atari 50">Atari 50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Alcorn" title="Allan Alcorn">Allan Alcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Olympics" title="Video Olympics">Video Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Flashback_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari Flashback series">Atari Flashback series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1970s_Atari_arcade_games" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1970s_Atari_arcade_games" title="Template:1970s Atari arcade games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1970s_Atari_arcade_games" title="Template talk:1970s Atari arcade games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1970s_Atari_arcade_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1970s Atari arcade games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1970s_Atari_arcade_games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970s <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari</a> <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syzygy Engineering (1971)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Space" title="Computer Space">Computer Space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1972</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gotcha_(video_game)" title="Gotcha (video game)">Gotcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race_(video_game)" title="Space Race (video game)">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Trak_10" title="Gran Trak 10">Gran Trak 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwak!" title="Qwak!">Qwak!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebound_(video_game)" title="Rebound (video game)">Rebound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_(video_game)" title="Tank (video game)">Tank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Aircraft_(video_game)" title="Anti-Aircraft (video game)">Anti-Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_%27N_Score" title="Crash 'N Score">Crash 'N Score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Pong" title="Doctor Pong">Doctor Pong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-way" title="Hi-way">Hi-way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indy_800" title="Indy 800">Indy 800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_Fighter_(video_game)" title="Jet Fighter (video game)">Jet Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_(video_game)" title="Pursuit (video game)">Pursuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_Jaws" title="Shark Jaws">Shark Jaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(video_game)" title="Steeplechase (video game)">Steeplechase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakout_(video_game)" title="Breakout (video game)">Breakout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-1_(arcade_game)" title="F-1 (arcade game)">F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indy_4_(video_game)" title="Indy 4 (video game)">Indy 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeMans_(video_game)" title="LeMans (video game)">LeMans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Driver_(video_game)" title="Night Driver (video game)">Night Driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(video_game)" title="Outlaw (video game)">Outlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiz_Show_(video_game)" title="Quiz Show (video game)">Quiz Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_2" title="Sprint 2">Sprint 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_Cycle" title="Stunt Cycle">Stunt Cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1977</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Bomber" title="Canyon Bomber">Canyon Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_(arcade_game)" title="Destroyer (arcade game)">Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominos_(video_game)" title="Dominos (video game)">Dominos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starship_1" title="Starship 1">Starship 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bug_(video_game)" title="Super Bug (video game)">Super Bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Hunt" title="Triple Hunt">Triple Hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1978</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari Football">Atari Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_(video_game)" title="Avalanche (video game)">Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Truck_(video_game)" title="Fire Truck (video game)">Fire Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Diver" title="Sky Diver">Sky Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Breakout" title="Super Breakout">Super Breakout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournament_Table" title="Tournament Table">Tournament Table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)" title="Asteroids (video game)">Asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_(1979_video_game)" title="Basketball (1979 video game)">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(1979_video_game)" title="Lunar Lander (1979 video game)">Lunar Lander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atari,_Inc._games_(1972%E2%80%931984)" title="List of Atari, Inc. games (1972–1984)">List of Atari, Inc. games (1972–1984)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Atari" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Atari" title="Template:Atari"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Atari" title="Template talk:Atari"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Atari" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Atari"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Atari" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a> (1972–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Corporation" title="Atari Corporation">Atari Corporation</a> (1984–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_SA" title="Atari SA">Atari SA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries and spin-offs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Games" title="Atari Games">Atari Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Interactive" title="Atari Interactive">Atari Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AtariAge" title="AtariAge">AtariAge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_E._Cheese" title="Chuck E. Cheese">Chuck E. Cheese</a> (1977–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyan_Engineering" title="Cyan Engineering">Cyan Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Eclipse" title="Digital Eclipse">Digital Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kee_Games" title="Kee Games">Kee Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MobyGames" title="MobyGames">MobyGames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightdive_Studios" title="Nightdive Studios">Nightdive Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengen_(company)" title="Tengen (company)">Tengen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:AtariFuji.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/AtariFuji.svg/90px-AtariFuji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/AtariFuji.svg/135px-AtariFuji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/AtariFuji.svg/180px-AtariFuji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="412" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atari,_Inc._games_(1972%E2%80%931984)" title="List of Atari, Inc. games (1972–1984)">Arcades games and amusements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Aircraft_(video_game)" title="Anti-Aircraft (video game)">Anti-Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)" title="Asteroids (video game)">Asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroids_Deluxe" title="Asteroids Deluxe">Asteroids Deluxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_(1979_video_game)" title="Basketball (1979 video game)">Atari Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_(1978_video_game)#Arcade_version" title="Football (1978 video game)">Atari Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_(video_game)" title="Avalanche (video game)">Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlezone_(1980_video_game)" title="Battlezone (1980 video game)">Battlezone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(video_game)" title="Black Widow (video game)">Black Widow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakout_(video_game)" title="Breakout (video game)">Breakout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Bomber" title="Canyon Bomber">Canyon Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centipede_(video_game)" title="Centipede (video game)">Centipede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloak_%26_Dagger_(video_game)" title="Cloak & Dagger (video game)">Cloak & Dagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_%27N_Score" title="Crash 'N Score">Crash 'N Score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Castles_(video_game)" title="Crystal Castles (video game)">Crystal Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_(arcade_game)" title="Destroyer (arcade game)">Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominos_(video_game)" title="Dominos (video game)">Dominos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Truck_(video_game)" title="Fire Truck (video game)">Fire Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_(video_game)" title="Firefox (video game)">Firefox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Fight_(video_game)" title="Food Fight (video game)">Food Fight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotcha_(video_game)" title="Gotcha (video game)">Gotcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Trak_10" title="Gran Trak 10">Gran Trak 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Trak_10" title="Gran Trak 10">Gran Trak 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitar" title="Gravitar">Gravitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-way" title="Hi-way">Hi-way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Robot_(video_game)" title="I, Robot (video game)">I, Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indy_4_(video_game)" title="Indy 4 (video game)">Indy 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indy_800" title="Indy 800">Indy 800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_Fighter_(video_game)" title="Jet Fighter (video game)">Jet Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeMans_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="LeMans (arcade game)">LeMans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberator_(video_game)" title="Liberator (video game)">Liberator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(1979_video_game)" title="Lunar Lander (1979 video game)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Havoc" title="Major Havoc">Major Havoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millipede_(video_game)" title="Millipede (video game)">Millipede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_Command" title="Missile Command">Missile Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Driver_(video_game)" title="Night Driver (video game)">Night Driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(video_game)" title="Outlaw (video game)">Outlaw</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sequels_and_remakes">Pin-Pong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sequels_and_remakes">Pong Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_(video_game)" title="Pursuit (video game)">Pursuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elimination_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elimination (video game)">Quadrapong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_(video_game)" title="Quantum (video game)">Quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiz_Show_(video_game)" title="Quiz Show (video game)">Quiz Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwak!" title="Qwak!">Qwak!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebound_(video_game)" title="Rebound (video game)">Rebound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Baron_(1980_video_game)" title="Red Baron (1980 video game)">Red Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_Return_of_the_Jedi_(video_game)" title="Star Wars: Return of the Jedi (video game)">Return of the Jedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_Jaws" title="Shark Jaws">Shark Jaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Diver" title="Sky Diver">Sky Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Duel" title="Space Duel">Space Duel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race_(video_game)" title="Space Race (video game)">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_2#Legacy" title="Sprint 2">Sprint 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_2" title="Sprint 2">Sprint 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_2#Legacy" title="Sprint 2">Sprint 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_2#Legacy" title="Sprint 2">Sprint 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_(1983_video_game)" title="Star Wars (1983 video game)">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starship_1" title="Starship 1">Starship 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(video_game)" title="Steeplechase (video game)">Steeplechase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_Cycle" title="Stunt Cycle">Stunt Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Breakout" title="Super Breakout">Super Breakout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bug_(video_game)" title="Super Bug (video game)">Super Bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Pong" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Pong">Super Pong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_(video_game)" title="Tank (video game)">Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_(video_game)#Legacy" title="Tank (video game)">Tank 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempest_(video_game)" title="Tempest (video game)">Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournament_Table" title="Tournament Table">Tournament Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Hunt" title="Triple Hunt">Triple Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_(video_game)#Legacy" title="Tank (video game)">Ultra Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Pinball_series#Arcade" title="Video Pinball series">Video Pinball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlords_(1980_video_game)" title="Warlords (1980 video game)">Warlords</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prototypes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototypes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tank_(video_game)#Legacy" title="Tank (video game)">Tank II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atari_Program_Exchange#Catalogs" title="Atari Program Exchange">Software and utilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_BASIC" title="Atari BASIC">Atari BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Calculator" title="Atari Calculator">Atari Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_DOS" title="Atari DOS">Atari DOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Video game</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">consoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Home_version">Home Pong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_Cycle#Home_versions" title="Stunt Cycle">Stunt Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Video_Music" title="Atari Video Music">Atari Video Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Pinball_series" title="Video Pinball series">Video Pinball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">2600</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600#Atari_2800" title="Atari 2600">2800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_5200" title="Atari 5200">5200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_7800" title="Atari 7800">7800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_XEGS" title="Atari XEGS">XEGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Lynx" title="Atari Lynx">Lynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Jaguar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar_CD" title="Atari Jaguar CD">CD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_VCS_(2021_console)" title="Atari VCS (2021 console)">VCS (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600%2B" title="Atari 2600+">2600+</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prototypes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototypes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Game_Brain" title="Atari Game Brain">Game Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Cosmos" title="Atari Cosmos">Cosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2700" title="Atari 2700">2700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Mindlink" title="Atari Mindlink">Atari Mindlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Panther" title="Atari Panther">Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Sierra" title="Atari Sierra">Sierra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">Personal computers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_8-bit_computers" title="Atari 8-bit computers">Atari 8-bit computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_ST" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_MEGA_STE" title="Atari MEGA STE">MEGA STE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_TT030" title="Atari TT030">TT030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Transputer_Workstation" title="Atari Transputer Workstation">Transputer Workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Falcon" title="Atari Falcon">Falcon</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portable_computer" title="Portable computer">Portables</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_STacy" title="Atari STacy">STacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ST_Book" title="ST Book">ST Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Portfolio" title="Atari Portfolio">Portfolio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">Prototypes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Sierra" title="Atari Sierra">Sierra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peripheral" title="Peripheral">Peripherals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">Printers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_825" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari 825">825 80-Column Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_1020" title="Atari 1020">1020 Color Printer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gaming devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_CX40_joystick" title="Atari CX40 joystick">CX40 joystick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_joystick_port" title="Atari joystick port">Atari joystick port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_XG-1_light_gun" title="Atari XG-1 light gun">XG-1 light gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Flashback" title="Atari Flashback">Atari Flashback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Democrat" title="Atari Democrat">Atari Democrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_consoles_(first_generation)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_consoles" title="Template:Video game consoles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_consoles" title="Template talk:Video game consoles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_consoles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game consoles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_consoles_(first_generation)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">first generation</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Form factor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game console</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microconsole" title="Microconsole">Microconsole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld game console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Hybrid_video_game_console" title="Video game console">Hybrid video game console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functionality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_console" title="Dedicated console">Dedicated console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Retro_style_console" title="Video game console">Retro style console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="Home video game console generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">First (1972–1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">Second (1976–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">Third (1983–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">Fourth (1987–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">Fifth (1993–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">Sixth (1998–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Seventh generation of video game consoles">Seventh (2005–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Eighth generation of video game consoles">Eighth (2012–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Ninth generation of video game consoles">Ninth (2020–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dedicated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APF_TV_Fun_series" title="APF TV Fun series">APF TV Fun series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleco_Telstar_series" title="Coleco Telstar series">Coleco Telstar series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coleco_Telstar_Arcade" title="Coleco Telstar Arcade">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleco_Telstar_Marksman" title="Coleco Telstar Marksman">Marksman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_TV-Game" title="Color TV-Game">Color TV-Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gameroom_Tele-Pong" title="Gameroom Tele-Pong">Gameroom Tele-Pong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnavox Odyssey series">Magnavox Odyssey series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-50x_Family" title="PC-50x Family">PC-50x Family</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Scoreboard" title="TV Scoreboard">TV Scoreboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Tennis_Electrotennis" title="TV Tennis Electrotennis">TV Tennis Electrotennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisonic_Products_Corporation" title="Unisonic Products Corporation">Unisonic series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Pinball" class="mw-redirect" title="Video Pinball">Video Pinball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dedicated_video_game_consoles" title="List of dedicated video game consoles">Dedicated video game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_handheld_game_consoles" title="List of handheld game consoles">Handheld game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_home_video_game_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of home video game consoles">Home video game consoles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microconsoles" title="List of microconsoles">Microconsoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retro_style_video_game_consoles" title="List of retro style video game consoles">Retro style video game consoles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">Second generation →</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">Emulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_game" title="Console game">Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_console_gaming" title="Online console gaming">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles" title="History of video game consoles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_game_consoles" title="Lists of video game consoles">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Console manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Mr._Smiley_Face.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg/19px-Mr._Smiley_Face.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg/29px-Mr._Smiley_Face.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mr._Smiley_Face.svg/38px-Mr._Smiley_Face.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="414" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:1970s" title="Portal:1970s">1970s</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/19px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/29px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/38px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Video_games" title="Portal:Video games">Video games</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216293#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7684757-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16706372b">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16706372b">BnF data</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pong&oldid=1255769802">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pong&oldid=1255769802</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_toys" title="Category:1970s toys">1970s toys</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1972_in_video_gaming" title="Category:1972 in video gaming">1972 in video gaming</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1972_video_games" title="Category:1972 video games">1972 video games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arcade_video_games" title="Category:Arcade video games">Arcade video games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Atari_arcade_games" title="Category:Atari arcade games">Atari arcade games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Atari_games" title="Category:Atari games">Atari games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cancelled_Atari_Jaguar_games" title="Category:Cancelled Atari Jaguar games">Cancelled Atari Jaguar games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Discrete_video_arcade_games" title="Category:Discrete video arcade games">Discrete video arcade games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First-generation_video_game_consoles" title="Category:First-generation video game consoles">First-generation video game consoles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Head-to-head_arcade_video_games" title="Category:Head-to-head arcade video games">Head-to-head arcade video games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Category:Home video game consoles">Home video game consoles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_games" title="Category:Mobile games">Mobile games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paddle-and-ball_video_games" title="Category:Paddle-and-ball video games">Paddle-and-ball video games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Products_introduced_in_1972" title="Category:Products introduced in 1972">Products introduced in 1972</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Table_tennis_video_games" title="Category:Table tennis video games">Table tennis video games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_games_developed_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Video games developed in the United States">Video games developed in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Video_Game_Hall_of_Fame" title="Category:World Video Game Hall of Fame">World Video Game Hall of Fame</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">CS1 maint: url-status</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2018">Use dmy dates from May 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Infobox_video_game_using_locally_defined_parameters" title="Category:Articles using Infobox video game using locally defined parameters">Articles using Infobox video game using locally defined parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Wikidata_infoboxes_with_locally_defined_images" title="Category:Articles using Wikidata infoboxes with locally defined images">Articles using Wikidata infoboxes with locally defined images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 15:55 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative 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