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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Položaj,_veličina_i_oblik_leće" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Položaj,_veličina_i_oblik_leće"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Položaj, veličina i oblik leće</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Položaj,_veličina_i_oblik_leće-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Struktura_i_funkcija_leće" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struktura_i_funkcija_leće"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Struktura i funkcija leće</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Struktura_i_funkcija_leće-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Struktura i funkcija leće</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Struktura_i_funkcija_leće-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lećni_epitel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lećni_epitel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lećni epitel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lećni_epitel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lećna_vlakna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lećna_vlakna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lećna vlakna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lećna_vlakna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akomodacija_ili_mehanizam_fokusiranja_leće" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akomodacija_ili_mehanizam_fokusiranja_leće"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Akomodacija ili mehanizam fokusiranja leće</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akomodacija_ili_mehanizam_fokusiranja_leće-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kristalini_i_prozirnost_leće" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kristalini_i_prozirnost_leće"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kristalini i prozirnost leće</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kristalini_i_prozirnost_leće-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Razvoj_i_rast_leće" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Razvoj_i_rast_leće"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Razvoj i rast leće</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Razvoj_i_rast_leće-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prehrana_leće" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehrana_leće"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prehrana leće</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehrana_leće-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolesti_i_poremećaji_leće" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolesti_i_poremećaji_leće"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bolesti i poremećaji leće</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolesti_i_poremećaji_leće-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dodatne_slike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dodatne_slike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Dodatne slike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dodatne_slike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leća (oko)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 57 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD)" title="عدسة (تشريح) – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدسة (تشريح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A" title="অক্ষিকাচ – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অক্ষিকাচ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%8Dna_le%C4%87a" title="Očna leća – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Očna leća" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristal%C2%B7l%C3%AD" title="Cristal·lí – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cristal·lí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B2_(%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C)" title="لێنز (توێکاری) – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لێنز (توێکاری)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Co%C4%8Dka_(oko)" title="Čočka (oko) – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čočka (oko)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(anatomeg)" title="Lens (anatomeg) – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lens (anatomeg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linse_(anatomi)" title="Linse (anatomi) – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Linse (anatomi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linse_(Auge)" title="Linse (Auge) – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linse (Auge)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linsa_(woko)" title="Linsa (woko) – donjolužički" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Linsa (woko)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="donjolužički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_(%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Φακός (ανατομία) – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φακός (ανατομία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(vertebrate_anatomy)" title="Lens (vertebrate anatomy) – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lens (vertebrate anatomy)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalino" title="Kristalino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristalino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristalino" title="Cristalino – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristalino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmal%C3%A4%C3%A4ts" title="Silmalääts – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Silmalääts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalino" title="Kristalino – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristalino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85)" title="عدسی (چشم) – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عدسی (چشم)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myki%C3%B6" title="Mykiö – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mykiö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristallin" title="Cristallin – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cristallin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristalino" title="Cristalino – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cristalino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94_(%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F)" title="עדשה (עין) – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עדשה (עין)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%B3%C4%8Dka_(w%C3%B3%C4%8Dko)" title="Čóčka (wóčko) – gornjolužički" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čóčka (wóčko)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="gornjolužički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lensa_mata" title="Lensa mata – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lensa mata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristalino" title="Kristalino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kristalino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristallino" title="Cristallino – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cristallino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93" title="水晶体 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水晶体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nsa_mata" title="Lènsa mata – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lènsa mata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Көз бұршағы – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көз бұршағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95%EC%B2%B4" title="수정체 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수정체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haw%C3%AAneya_%C3%A7av" title="Hawêneya çav – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hawêneya çav" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(anatomia)" title="Lens (anatomia) – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lens (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristall_de_l%27oeugg" title="Cristall de l'oeugg – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cristall de l'oeugg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%99%C5%A1iukas" title="Lęšiukas – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lęšiukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82)" title="കണ്ണിന്റെ ലെൻസ് (ശരീരവിജ്ഞാനീയം) – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കണ്ണിന്റെ ലെൻസ് (ശരീരവിജ്ഞാനീയം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanta_(anatomi_vertebrata)" title="Kanta (anatomi vertebrata) – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kanta (anatomi vertebrata)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooglens" title="Ooglens – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ooglens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linsa_i_auga" title="Linsa i auga – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Linsa i auga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soczewka_(anatomia)" title="Soczewka (anatomia) – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Soczewka (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristalino" title="Cristalino – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristalino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristalin" title="Cristalin – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cristalin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хрусталик – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хрусталик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%87a_(oko)" title="Leća (oko) – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Leća (oko)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(anatomy)" title="Lens (anatomy) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lens (anatomy)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0o%C5%A1ovka_(anat%C3%B3mia)" title="Šošovka (anatómia) – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šošovka (anatómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C4%8Da_(oko)" title="Leča (oko) – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Leča (oko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lins_(%C3%B6ga)" title="Lins (öga) – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lins (öga)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D)" title="வில்லை (கண்) – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லை (கண்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ҷалидия – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷалидия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="เลนส์ตา – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลนส์ตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(anatomi)" title="Lens (anatomi) – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lens (anatomi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B7_%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Күз ясмыгы – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күз ясмыгы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кришталик – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кришталик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%81_(%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%A9%DA%BE)" title="عدسہ (آنکھ) – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عدسہ (آنکھ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶状体 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="晶状体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%96_(%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92)" title="לינדז (אויג) – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לינדז (אויג)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E7%8A%B6%E4%BD%93" title="晶状体 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="晶状体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="水晶體 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水晶體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146701#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Le%C4%87a_(oko)" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Le%C4%87a_(oko)" rel="discussion" title="Razgovorna stranica [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Le%C4%87a_(oko)" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Le%C4%87a_(oko)" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&oldid=6383411" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Le%C4%87a_%28oko%29&id=6383411&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLe%25C4%2587a_%28oko%29"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li 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<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Preusmjereno s <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%C4%8Dna_le%C4%87a&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Očna leća">Očna leća</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 95%; line-height: 1.5em"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background: #CCF">Očna leća</th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat.</a> <i> Lens crystallina</i></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Focus_in_an_eye.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Focus_in_an_eye.svg/200px-Focus_in_an_eye.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Focus_in_an_eye.svg/300px-Focus_in_an_eye.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Focus_in_an_eye.svg/400px-Focus_in_an_eye.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="270" /></a></span><br /> <span>Svjetlo iz jedne točke udaljenog objekta i svjetlo iz jedne točke bliskog objekta su dovedeni u fokus promjenom zakrivljenosti leće.</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kristalna leća</b> (lat. <i>lens crystallina)</i> je prozirna, bikonveksna struktura u oku koja, uz rožnicu, omogućuje da se zrake svjetlosti fokusiraju na mrežnici. Leća, promjenom oblika, mijenja žarišnu udaljenost oka pa može fokusirati objekte na različitim udaljenostima od oka, omogućujući tako da se na mrežnici formira oštra, stvarna slika objekta promatranja. Ova prilagodba oblika leće naziva se akomodacija. To je slično fokusiranju fotografske kamere okretanjem leće. Leća je dodatak na njenoj prednjoj strani. </p><p>Leća je također poznata pod nazivom aquula (latinski - potočić, umanjenica od aqua, voda) ili kristalna leća. Lomna snaga leće odraslog u prirodnom okruženju je oko 18 dioptrija, otprilike jedna trećina ukupne snage oka. </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Položaj,_veličina_i_oblik_leće"><span id="Polo.C5.BEaj.2C_veli.C4.8Dina_i_oblik_le.C4.87e"></span>Položaj, veličina i oblik leće</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Položaj, veličina i oblik leće" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Položaj, veličina i oblik leće"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leća je dio prednjeg segmenta oka. Prednja površina leće (facies anterior lentis) graniči sa šarenicom, koja regulira količinu svjetla koje ulazi u oko. Položaj leće osigurava suspenzorni ligament leće, prsten vezivnog tkiva koji se hvata na ekvator leće (aequator lentis) i povezuje leću s cilijarnim tijelom. Stražnja površina leće (facies posterior lentis) u kontaktu je sa staklastim tijelom. Leća ima bikonveksni oblik. Njena prednja ploha je manje zakrivljena nego stražnja. Promjer ekvatora leće iznosi 9-10 mm, a dužina osi leće (axis lentis) oko 4 mm, iako je važno napomenuti da se veličina i oblik leće mogu mijenjati obzirom na akomodaciju i zbog toga što leća raste tijekom cijelog života. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struktura_i_funkcija_leće"><span id="Struktura_i_funkcija_le.C4.87e"></span>Struktura i funkcija leće</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Struktura i funkcija leće" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Struktura i funkcija leće"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leća ima tri glavna dijela: lećnu kapsulu, lećni epitel i lećna vlakna. Površina leće pokrivena je lećnom kapsulom, a lećna vlakna čine najveći dio unutrašnjosti leće. Lećni epitel nalazi se samo na prednjoj površini leće, između lećne kapsule i površnog sloja lećnih vlakana. </p><p><br /> 2.1. Lećna kapsula Lećna kapsula je glatka, prozirna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bazalna_membrana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bazalna membrana (stranica ne postoji)">bazalna membrana</a> koja u potpunosti okružuje leću. Stanice lećnog epitela sintetiziraju njene glavne komponente. Građena je od kolagena tipa IV i sulfatnih glikozaminoglikana. Kapsula je vrlo elastična i zato leća može poprimiti više kuglast oblik kada nije napeta zonularnim vlaknima, koji povezuju kapsulu leće i cilijarno tijelo. Debljina kapsule je 2-28 μm. Njen prednji dio nekoliko je puta deblji od stražnjega - najdeblja je na ekvatoru, a najtanja na stražnjem polu leće (polus posterior lentis). </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lećni_epitel"><span id="Le.C4.87ni_epitel"></span>Lećni epitel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Lećni epitel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Lećni epitel"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lećni epitel se nalazi samo na prednjoj površini leće, između lećne kapsule i lećnih vlakana. Sastoji se od jednog sloja kubičnih epitelnih stanica. Stanice lećnog epitela odgovorne su za većinu funkcija leće. Kako leća prima hranjive tvari i ione iz očne vodice, Na+/K+ pumpa u stanicama lećnog epitela izbacuje ione iz leće i tako održava odgovarajući osmolaritet i volumen leće. Aktivnost Na+/K+ pumpe omogućuje tok vode i struje tako da tekućina ulazi na prednjem i stražnjem polu leće, a izlazi u području ekvatora. </p><p>Od stanica smještenih na ekvatoru leće stalno se razvijaju nova lećna vlakna pa se leća povećava tijekom cijelog života. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lećna_vlakna"><span id="Le.C4.87na_vlakna"></span>Lećna vlakna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Lećna vlakna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Lećna vlakna"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lećna vlakna čine glavninu leće. Stanice lećnog epitela se u preekvatorijalnoj zoni dijele, izdužuju i spuštaju u dublje slojeve leće pretvarajući se u lećna vlakna promjera 4-7 μm, duga do 12 mm. Protežu se uzduž iz stražnjeg prema prednjem polu i prerezani vodoravno raspoređeni su u koncentričnim slojevima poput glavice luka, a prerezani duž ekvatora izgledaju poput pčelinjeg saća. Sredina svakog vlakna nalazi se na ekvatoru. Ti čvrsto upakirani slojevi vlakana leće nazivaju se lamine. </p><p>Leća je podijeljena na regije, ovisno o dobi lećnih vlakana određenog sloja. Od središnjeg, najstarijeg sloja prema van, leća je podijeljena na embrionalnu jezgru, jezgru ploda, odraslu jezgru i vanjski korteks. Novi lećna vlakna, nastala iz stanica lećnog epitela, dodaju se na vanjski korteks. Zrela lećna vlakna nemaju organela ni jezgre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akomodacija_ili_mehanizam_fokusiranja_leće"><span id="Akomodacija_ili_mehanizam_fokusiranja_le.C4.87e"></span>Akomodacija ili mehanizam fokusiranja leće</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Akomodacija ili mehanizam fokusiranja leće" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Akomodacija ili mehanizam fokusiranja leće"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:DOF-ShallowDepthofField.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/DOF-ShallowDepthofField.jpg/250px-DOF-ShallowDepthofField.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/DOF-ShallowDepthofField.jpg/375px-DOF-ShallowDepthofField.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/DOF-ShallowDepthofField.jpg/500px-DOF-ShallowDepthofField.jpg 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>Slika koja je djelomično u fokusu, ali većinom izvan fokusa u različitim stupnjevima</figcaption></figure> <p>Leća je fleksibilna i njena zakrivljenost je pod kontrolom cilijarnog mišića preko zonularnih vlakana (zonula ciliaris). Promjenom zakrivljenosti leće, oko može fokusirati objekte na različitim udaljenostima od njega. Ovaj proces se naziva akomodacija ili mehanizam fokusiranja leće. Kontrakcijom cilijarnog mišića se skraćuje razmak između cilijarnih vlakana - time se polazište zonularnih vlakana približava njihovom hvatištu na leći, a njihov vlak smanjuje. Leća se pri tome ispupči, više prednja nego stražnja ploha. Lomna jakost leće se pri tome povećava. Kad prestane kontrakcija mišića, opuštanje napetih suprakorioidnih lamela povuče žilnicu prema nazad - zonularna vlakna se nategnu, pojačaju vlak na ekvator leće i leća poprima spljošten oblik prilagođen za gledanje na daljinu. Akomodacija za gledanje na blizinu zahtijeva objedinjavanje tri akcije: zadebljavanje leće, konvergenciju i sužavanje zjenice. Indeks loma leće varira od oko 1,406 u središnjim slojevima do 1,386 u manje gustom korteksu leće. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kristalini_i_prozirnost_leće"><span id="Kristalini_i_prozirnost_le.C4.87e"></span>Kristalini i prozirnost leće</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Kristalini i prozirnost leće" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kristalini i prozirnost leće"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lećna vlakna ispunjeni su bjelančevinom iz skupine kristalina. Kristalini su topivi proteini koji čine preko 90% proteina leće. Tri glavne vrste kristalina u ljudskom oku su α-, β- i γ- kristalin. Kristalini imaju tendenciju da se formira topiva tvorba visoko molekulrne težine koja čini čvsti paket lećnih vlakana, čime se povećava indeks loma leće, a da pritom zadrže svoju prozirnost. β- i γ- kristalini nalaze se prvenstveno u leći, a podjedinica α-kristalin je izolirana od drugih dijelova oka i tijela. </p><p>Drugi važan činilac u održavanju prozirnosti leće je odsutnost organela koji raspršuju svjetlost kao što su jezgra, endoplazmatski retikulum i mitohondriji unutar zrelih lećnih vlakana. Lećna vlakna imaju vrlo velik citoskelet koji održava precizan oblik i pakiranje lećnih vlakana; prekidi/promjene u određenim elementima citoskeleta može dovesti do gubitka prozirnosti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Razvoj_i_rast_leće"><span id="Razvoj_i_rast_le.C4.87e"></span>Razvoj i rast leće</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Razvoj i rast leće" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Razvoj i rast leće"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leća</a></b> u čovjeka najprije se pojavljuje kao lećna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plakoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plakoda (stranica ne postoji)">plakoda</a> - diskoidno zadebljanje površnih epitelnih stanica povrh primarnog očnog mjehurića (oko 27. dana embrionalnog razvoja). Lećna plakoda ima vlastitu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bazalna_membrana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bazalna membrana (stranica ne postoji)">bazalnu membranu</a>, koja je uskim prostorom odvojena od bazalne membrane optičkog vrča. Stanice lećne plakode se izdužuju i udubljuju prema unutra skupa s optičkim vrčem, te se plakoda diferencira u lećnu jamicu, pa lećni vrč, i konačno lećni mjehurić. Lećni mjehurić se 33. dana odvoji od površnog <a href="/wiki/Epitel" title="Epitel">epitela</a>. Ne ostaje nikakvih tragova tog odvajanja ni na epitelu niti na leći, a bazalna membrana leće zacijeli tvoreći osnovu kapsule leće. Epitel leće luči još matriksa na bazalnu membranu, gradeći tako kapsulu leće. Tako je leća kapsulom imunološki izolirana. </p><p>Stražnje epitelne lećne stanice, primarna lećna vlakna, izdužuju se i u prozirna lećna vlakna (fibrae lentis), te postupno ispunjavaju šupljinu lećnog mjehurića od straga prema naprijed. </p><p>Stanice prednje stijenke lećnog mjehurića ostaju kao jedan sloj niskih <a href="/wiki/Stanica" title="Stanica">stanica</a>, tvoreći epitel leće. </p><p>Prednje epitelne lećne stanice sele se prema ekvatoru tvoreći sekundarna lećna vlakna. Sekundarna lećna vlakna umeću se između lećne kapsule i primarnih lećnih vlakana susrećući se u šavima leće. Šav ima sprijeda oblik slova Y, a straga oblik obrnutog Y. U trećem mjesecu najdublja vlakna sazru - izgube jezgru i organele. </p><p>Krajem petog tjedna embrionalnog razvoja <a href="/wiki/Mezenhim" title="Mezenhim">mezenhim</a> s krvnim žilama ispunjava očni vrč okružujući i lećni mjehurić. Iz mezenhima koji se nađe tik uz leću ravija se kapsula leće. U početku je kapsula leće bogato vaskularizirana ograncima hijaloidne arterije, no oni kasnije posve nestanu. </p><p>Leća raste uglavnom zahvaljujući rastu lećnih vlakana, no mogu nastati i nova vlakna, i to dijeljenjem stanica u ekvatorijalnom dijelu leće. Njihovo stvaranje se nastavlja i nakon rođenja, tokom cijelog života (zbog tog trajnog potencijala rasta nastaje sekundarna katarakta nakon ekstrakapsularne ekstrakcije). </p><p><br /> </p> <table border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rani_razvoj_oka_crtez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Rani_razvoj_oka_crtez.jpg/250px-Rani_razvoj_oka_crtez.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Rani_razvoj_oka_crtez.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Shema embrionalnog razvoja oka</figcaption></figure></td> <td><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Razvoj_lece_-_crtez_jpg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Razvoj_lece_-_crtez_jpg.jpg/400px-Razvoj_lece_-_crtez_jpg.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Razvoj_lece_-_crtez_jpg.jpg/600px-Razvoj_lece_-_crtez_jpg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Razvoj_lece_-_crtez_jpg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>Shema embrionalnog razvoja očne leće</figcaption></figure> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prehrana_leće"><span id="Prehrana_le.C4.87e"></span>Prehrana leće</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Prehrana leće" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prehrana leće"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leća je metabolički aktivna i zahtijeva hranu za rast i prozirnost. U usporedbi s drugim tkivima u oku, leća ima znatno niže energetske potrebe. </p><p>Do devetog tjedna razvoja, leća je okružena i opskrbljena spletom krvnih žila, tunica vasculosa lentis, koja je derivat hijaloidne arterije. Početkom četvrtog mjeseca razvoja, hijaloidna arterija i njegova okolna vaskulatura počnu atrofirati i potpuno nestanu do rođenja. U postnatalnom oku, Cloquetov kanal označava mjesto nekadašnje hijaloidne arterije. </p><p>Nakon regresije hijaloidne arterije, leća dobiva svu svoju hranu iz očne vodice. Hranjive tvari opskrbljuju leću konstantnim protokom tekućine ulazom na prednjem i stražnjem polu leće i izlazom u području ekvatora. Taj dinamičan proces održava Na+/K+ pumpa koja se nalazi se u stanicama lećnog epitela u području ekvatora. </p><p>Glukoza je glavni izvor energije za leću. Kako zrela lećna vlakna nemaju mitohondrije, oko 80% glukoze se metabolizira putem anaerobne respiracije. Preostale frakcije glukoze su prvenstveno paralelno vezane za pentoza fosfatni put. Nedostatak aerobne respiracije znači da leća troši vrlo malo kisika. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bolesti_i_poremećaji_leće"><span id="Bolesti_i_poreme.C4.87aji_le.C4.87e"></span>Bolesti i poremećaji leće</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Bolesti i poremećaji leće" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bolesti i poremećaji leće"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>• Katarakta je bilo kakvo zamućenje leće. Neka zamućenja su mala i ne zahtijevaju liječenje, druga pak mogu biti dovoljno velika da blokiraju ulaz svjetlosti i ometaju vid. Senilna katarakta je najčešća vrsta katarakte - obično se razvije kako starenjem leća postaje sve više i više neprozirna, ali katarakta također može biti kongenitalna ili se može razviti nakon ozljede leće. Dijabetes je također čimbenik rizika za razvoj katarakte. </p><p>• Presbiopija ili staračka dalekovidnost nastaje zbog toga što oko nakon određene dobi izgubi mogućnost izoštravanja bliskih predmeta. Točan mehanizam još nije poznat, ali promjene u tvrdoći, obliku i veličini leće koje nastaju starenjem su povezani s ovim stanjem. </p><p>• Ektopija leće je pomak leće iz normalnog položaja. </p><p>• Afakija je nedostatak leće. Može biti posljedica operacije ili ozljede, ili se može raditi o kongenitalnoj malformaciji. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dodatne_slike">Dodatne slike</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Dodatne slike" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C4%87a_(oko)&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dodatne slike"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cataract_in_human_eye.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Katarakta u ljudskom oku - Uvećan prikaz na biomikroskopu"><img alt="Katarakta u ljudskom oku - Uvećan prikaz na biomikroskopu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Cataract_in_human_eye.png/120px-Cataract_in_human_eye.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Cataract_in_human_eye.png/180px-Cataract_in_human_eye.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Cataract_in_human_eye.png/240px-Cataract_in_human_eye.png 2x" data-file-width="1543" data-file-height="1120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Katarakta u ljudskom oku - Uvećan prikaz na <a href="/wiki/Biomikroskop" title="Biomikroskop">biomikroskopu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:MRI_of_human_eye.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MR ljudskog oka s prikazanom lećom"><img alt="MR ljudskog oka s prikazanom lećom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/MRI_of_human_eye.jpg/81px-MRI_of_human_eye.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/MRI_of_human_eye.jpg/122px-MRI_of_human_eye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/MRI_of_human_eye.jpg/162px-MRI_of_human_eye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> MR ljudskog oka s prikazanom lećom</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gray875.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Unutarnja strana prednje očne komorice"><img alt="Unutarnja strana prednje očne komorice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gray875.png/120px-Gray875.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gray875.png/180px-Gray875.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Gray875.png/240px-Gray875.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="358" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unutarnja strana prednje očne komorice</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gray884.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Leća, otvrdla i razdvojena na slojeve"><img alt="Leća, otvrdla i razdvojena na slojeve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray884.png/120px-Gray884.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray884.png/180px-Gray884.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gray884.png/240px-Gray884.png 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="261" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Leća, otvrdla i razdvojena na slojeve </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gray887.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Rez kroz rub leće: vidljiv prijelaz lećnog epitela u lećna vlakna"><img alt="Rez kroz rub leće: vidljiv prijelaz lećnog epitela u lećna vlakna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gray887.png/33px-Gray887.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gray887.png/49px-Gray887.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Gray887.png/66px-Gray887.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rez kroz rub leće: vidljiv prijelaz lećnog epitela u lećna vlakna</div> </li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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