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id="toc-Armenian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Armenian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Berber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Berber </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Dutch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 German </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebrew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Hebrew </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Irish </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Italian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Romanian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Welsh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Welsh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_family_name_affixes" title="Special:EditPage/List of family name affixes">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22List+of+family+name+affixes%22">"List of family name affixes"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22List+of+family+name+affixes%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22List+of+family+name+affixes%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22List+of+family+name+affixes%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22List+of+family+name+affixes%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22List+of+family+name+affixes%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (September 2014) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Family name <a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">affixes</a> are a clue for <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> and can sometimes determine the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic origin">ethnic origin</a> of a person. This is a partial list of affixes. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prefixes">Prefixes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prefixes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arabic">Arabic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Arabic">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Abu – (<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>) "father of";<a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></li> <li>Al – (<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>) "Family of" or "House of" (in conjunction with name of ancestor)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li>Bet – (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> from "Beyt") "house of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Bint – (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>) "daughter of"; Binti, Binte (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a> version)</li> <li>El – (<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> see Al)</li> <li>Ibn – (<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>) "son of"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian">Armenian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Armenian">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Ter – (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern Armenian</a>) "son/daughter of a Priest"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Der – (Western <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>) "son/daughter of a priest"; (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>) "the" (masculine nominative), "of the" (feminine genitive)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berber">Berber</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Berber">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Aït – (<a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a>) "of"</li> <li>At/Ath – (<a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a>) "(son[s]) of"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch">Dutch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dutch">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>de – (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>) "the"</li> <li> 's – (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>) "of the"; <a href="/wiki/Contraction_(grammar)" title="Contraction (grammar)">contraction</a> of des, <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive case</a> of the definite article de. Example: <a href="/wiki/Willem_%27s_Gravesande" title="Willem 's Gravesande">'s Gravesande</a>.</li> <li> 't – (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>) "the"; <a href="/wiki/Contraction_(grammar)" title="Contraction (grammar)">contraction</a> of the neuter definite article het.</li> <li>ter – (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>) "at the"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>van – (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>) "of", "from"</li> <li>van de, van den, van der, van 't – (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>) "of the", "from the"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German">German</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: German">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>von – (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>) "of", "from"; often a sign of nobility, but also just a geographical term of the name originated of a location.</li> <li>zu - (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>) "at"; a sign of nobility, sometimes in the combination von und zu, meaning the noble family still owns the place of naming</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hebrew">Hebrew</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hebrew">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Bath, bat – (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>) "daughter of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Ben, bin, ibn – (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>) "son of"<a href="#cite_note-:1-1">[1]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irish">Irish</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Irish">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Mac, Mc – (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>) "son of".<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Both Mac and Mc are sometimes written Mac and Mc (with superscript ac or c). Mc is pronounced Mac.</li></ul> <ul><li>Ni, Nic – (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>) "daughter of", from Irish "iníon" meaning "daughter"<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>O', Ó – (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>) "son of", "grandson of", "descendant of"<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Uí – (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>) "daughter of", "granddaughter of", "(female) descendant of"<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian">Italian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Italian">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Del – (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>) "of the", preceding a masculine singular noun[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Degli – (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>) "of the", preceding a masculine plural noun starting with either sp, sc, ps, z, gn, or st.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Della – (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>) "of the", preceding a feminine singular noun[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Di – (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>) "of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romanian">Romanian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Romanian">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>A – (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>) "son of"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Welsh">Welsh</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Welsh">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Ab – (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>) "son of"<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Ap – (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>) "son of"<a href="#cite_note-:0-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Ferch, Verch – (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>) "daughter of"<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li>Verch, Erch – (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>) "daughter of"<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Af – (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>), Av (<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>) "of"</li> <li>Ālam – (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>) "world"</li> <li>Bar – (<a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a>) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Chaudhary - (<a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>) A title of honour from the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> used by several Punjabi tribes, often represented by the prefix "Ch".<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li>Da – (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Language">Italian</a>) "from", "of"; (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Language">Portuguese</a>) "from the" (before a feminine singular noun)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Das – (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>) "from the", "of the", preceding a feminine plural noun[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>De – (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipino</a>) "of"; indicates region of origin, often a sign of nobility; in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Spanish_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where Spanish is an official language">Spanish-speaking countries</a> a married woman will sometimes append her name with "de XXXX" [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] where "XXXX" is her husband's last name; (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>) "the"</li> <li>Dele – <a href="/wiki/Meridional_French" title="Meridional French">Southern French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>, equivalent of Du[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Dos – (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>) "from the, of the", preceding a masculine plural noun[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Du – (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>) "of the", preceding a masculine singular noun[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>E – (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>) "and", between surnames (Maria Eduarda de Canto e Mello)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Fitz – (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman French</a>) "son of", from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> "filius" meaning "son" (mistakenly thought to mean illegitimate son, because of its use for certain illegitimate sons of English kings)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>i – (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>) "and", always in lowercase, used to identify both surnames (e.g. Antoni Gaudí i Cornet)<a href="#cite_note-iCatala-11">[11]</a></li> <li>ka – (<a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>) "(son/daughter) of", always in lower case and preceding the name of the father.</li> <li>Kil, Gil, Mal, Mul – (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish</a>) "son of", "servant of", "devotee of", originating from the Irish "Mac Giolla", typically followed by a Saint's name (e.g. Mac Giolla Bhríde).<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li> <li>La – (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>) "the", feminine singular[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Le – (<a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Northern French</a>) "the", masculine singular[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Lu – (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and Roman) "Master"</li> <li>M'/Mac/Mc/Mck/Mhic/Mic – (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx Gaelic</a>) "son". Both Mac and Mc are sometimes written Mac and Mc (with superscript ac or c). In some names, Mc is pronounced Mac.</li> <li>Mala – (<a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>) "House of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Na – ณ (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>) "at"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Ngā – (<a href="/wiki/Te_Reo_M%C4%81ori" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Reo Māori">Te Reo Māori</a>) "the (plural)"</li> <li>Nic, Ní – (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish</a>) "daughter of", from Irish "iníon" meaning "daughter"<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Nin – (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>O/Ó/Ua/Uí – (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx Gaelic</a>) "son of", "grandson of", "descendant of"<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Öz – (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>) "pure"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Pour – (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Te – (<a href="/wiki/Te_Reo_M%C4%81ori" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Reo Māori">Te Reo Māori</a>) "the (singular)"</li> <li>Tre – (<a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornish</a>) "settlement/ homestead farm of"<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li>war - Marathi Last Name. People from Arya Vyshya community residing mostly in central India.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suffixes">Suffixes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Suffixes">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>-a, -ya <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> means "of" (female) (by two surnames)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-à (Catalan) feminine -ana "of or from [a locality or place]" (Català -Catalan); and also the name of a job (Manyà -irosmith), from Latin -ānus, -āna[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ac (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian (language)">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian (language)">Slovenian</a>, Southern French)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ach (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> /<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>: -ač/)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-acz (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-aei (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>) (See -i) for words that end in the long vowel A[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-aitis (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-aitė (Lithuanian) signifies an unmarried female[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-aty Americanized form[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>-aj (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>) (pronounced AY; meaning “of the" ) It denotes the name of the family, which mostly comes from the male founder of the family, but also from a place, as in, Lash-aj (from the village Lashaj of Kastrat, MM, Shkodër). It is likely that its ancient form, still found in MM, was an [i] in front of the last name, as in ‘Déda i Lékajve’ (Déd of Lekës). For ease of use, the [i] in front of the last name, and the ending _ve, were dropped. If the last name ends in [a], then removing the [j] would give the name of the patriarch or the place, as in, Grudaj - j = Gruda (place in MM). Otherwise, removing the whole ending [aj] yields the name of founder or place of origin, as in Lekaj - aj = Lek(ë). Since the names are found most commonly in Malsi e Madhe (North) and Labëri (South), it is likely that this linguistic feature is very old. It must have been lost as a result of foreign influences brought into Albania by the invaders. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ak (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian (language)">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian (language)">Slovenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a>) See -ák for its <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> meaning.<a href="#cite_note-AkSlovak-17">[17]</a> <ul><li>-ák (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>) In <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, -ák means "pertaining to" or merely creates a noun, and its two other versions are -iak and -ak.<a href="#cite_note-AkSlovak-17">[17]</a></li></ul></li> <li>-al (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>) denotes for village of origin (for e.g.; <a href="/wiki/Khanal" title="Khanal">Khanal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhakal" title="Dhakal">Dhakal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dahal" title="Dahal">Dahal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rijal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rijal">Rijal</a>, etc.)</li> <li>-an (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>) (e.g. Ruban)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-an (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-án (Spanish)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-and (French)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ange (French) from Germanic -ing[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ani (<a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a>) "descended from"<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li>-ano (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>) feminine -ana "of or from [a locality]"; from Latin -ānus, -āna[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ant (English; Norman)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ant (French; Old French)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ant (Hindi; Sanskrit)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-anu (Romanian)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-appa (<a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a>) patronymic, meaning "father"</li> <li>-ár (<a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ář (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-arz (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-as (French) Duras, Porras, Dumas</li> <li>-au (-aw) (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>) / -aŭ (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ava (Belarusian) feminine equivalent of -au</li></ul></li> <li>-au (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>) in a <a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">toponymic surname</a>, "of or from a lower place near water"<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li>-auskas/-iauskas (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>) equivalent to Polish -owski, -ewski, Belarusian -ouski, -euski / Belarusian Latin -oŭski, -eŭski[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-awan (<a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ba (Abkhazian) "male"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-chi, -çı, -çi, cı, -ci (Azeri, Persian, چی-, Turkish) attributed to a geographic location or performing a certain job<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a></li> <li>-chian (Persian, چیان-) attributed to or performing a certain job[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-chek, -chik, -chyk, -chuk (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> /<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>: -ček, -čyk, -čuk/) diminutive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-czek, -czyk, -czuk, -czak (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ček, -čík (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian (language)">Slovenian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ćek, -cek (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian (language)">Croatian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ckas (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>) Lithuanianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -cki[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-cki (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a>) variant of -ski[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-cka (Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Sorbian) Feminine equivalent of -cki[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ckis (<a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>) Latvianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -cki[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-cký (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-cká (Czech, Slovak) Feminine equivalent of -cký[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-čki (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian (language)">Bulgarian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-cock, -cox (English) "little"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-dan, -den, -don, -dön (<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrghyz</a>) "from (whom)", when the ancestor 's name ends in a soft consonant also vowel (e.g. Asanbaydan, Marlenden, Ormondon, Bayköldön)</li> <li>-datter (Danish, Norwegian) "daughter (of)"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-din (Swedish)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-dokht (Persian) "daughter (of)"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-dotter (Norwegian, Swedish) "daughter (of)"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-dóttir (<a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>) "daughter (of)" (<a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">patronymic suffix (sometimes matronymic) (by law)</a> of not a family name but part of the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic last name</a> where (usually) the father's name is always slightly modified and then dóttir added)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-dze (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian (language)">Georgian</a>) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-dzki (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>) variant of -ski, -cki[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-é (Catalan)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ê, -yê (Kurdish) means "of" (male) (by two surnames)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]</li> <li>-eanu (<a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-eau, -eault (French) diminutive suffix (Latin -ellu-)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ec (Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Slovenian, Polish, <a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a>, Ukrainian, Belarusian), (French spelling for Breton -e.g.)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-avec (Belarusian)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ee (See -i)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-eff (<a href="/wiki/Russian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian (language)">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarian</a>) obsolete, copied from German transliteration of -ev[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-eiro (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese (language)">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-eix (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>), diminutive</li> <li>-ek (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian (language)">Slovenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian (language)">Croatian</a>) diminutive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ell (English spelling for French -el, diminutive)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-el (Northern French and Occitan, French -eau)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ema (Suffix of <a href="/wiki/Frisian_languages" title="Frisian languages">Frisian</a> origin, given by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> who used suffixes like these to keep a record of people's origins within the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ems (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ėnas (Lithuanian) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-enko (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>), -enka/-anka (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-chenko (Ukrainian), -chenka/-chanka (Belarusian /<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>: -čenka, -čanka/)</li></ul></li> <li>-ens (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ent (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-enya (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> /<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>: -enia/) (e.g. Gerasimenya)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-er (Dutch, English, French, German, Turkish "male")[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ero (Spanish)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ers (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-es (Greek, Portuguese) "son of" in Portuguese[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ese (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>) plural -esi "of or from [a locality]"; from Latin -ēnsis[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/-e%C8%99ti" title="-ești">-escu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a>) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/-e%C8%99ti" title="-ești">-ești</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a>) possessive plural, also used in place names[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-et (French) (diminutive suffix Latin -ettu- or former -el)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ets (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-eu (-ew) (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> /<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>: -eŭ/) equivalent to Russian -ev[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ev (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> (all <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Slavic languages">Eastern Slavic languages</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>) possessive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-eva (Russian (all Eastern Slavic languages), Bulgarian, Macedonian) Feminine equivalent of -ev[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-evski (<a href="/wiki/Macedonian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian (language)">Macedonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian (language)">Bulgarian</a>) possessive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-evska (Macedonian, Bulgarian) Feminine equivalent of -evski[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ez (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, North Picard) including Spanish-speaking countries "son of"; in Picard, old spelling for -et[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ëz (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>) for feminine; a word refer to something smaller, either literally or figuratively as in a form of endearment[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-fia, -fi, -fy, -ffy (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>) "descendant of" (literally "son of")[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-fleth, -felth, -fleet (<a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Northern German</a>) current, body of water</li> <li>-gil, (Turkish, "family") (e.g. Korkmazgil)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-i (Hungarian) "of", "from" indicates region of origin, sign of nobility (e.g. "Szentiványi", "Rákóczi"). Like German Von.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-i (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a>,<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>) "descendant of", "attributed to" (e.g. "Baghdadi", "Abbasi") or, (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a>) "from" (e.g. "Barzani" from Barzan, or Tabrizi from Tabriz.)<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a></li> <li>-ia (Abkhaz, Mingrelian)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ian(ts), -yan(ts), -jian, -gian, -ents, -ants, -unts, -uni (<a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>) "son/daughter of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-iak (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>) "descendant of". In <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, -iak is a version of -ák/-ak and means "pertaining to" or merely creates a noun.<a href="#cite_note-AkSlovak-17">[17]</a></li> <li>-ic(k) (French), misspelling for Breton -ig, diminutive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ich (-ovich/-evich) (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> /<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>: -ič, [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]–ovič, -evič/), -ych (-ovych/-evych) (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>) "son of" <ul><li>-icz (-owicz/-ewicz) (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ic (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-owic/-ewic (Polish)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ovic (Slovak, Czech [rarely])[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ojc/-ejc, -ojic/-ejic (Sorbian)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-yc (Belarusian, Sorbian, Polish)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>-<a href="/wiki/I%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Ić">ić</a> (-ović/-ević) (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>) <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> <a href="/wiki/Possessive_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Possessive case">possessive</a>, little son of[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-begović (Bosniak) diminutive possessive of a <a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">beg</a>, i.e. chieftain's or chief's little son[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ici (-ovici/-evici) <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> of Slavic origin (Romanian adaptation of -ić or -ich/-ych)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ič (-ovič) (<a href="/wiki/Slovenian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian (language)">Slovenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> [rarely]) diminutive, "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ičius (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian -ich (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>: -ič) and Polish -icz[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-avičius/-evičius (Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian -ovich/-evich (Belarusian Latin: -ovič/-evič) and Polish -owicz/-ewicz[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ičs (<a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>) Latvianized version of the Belarusian -ich (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>: -ič) and Polish -icz[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ovičs/-evičs (Latvian) Latvianized version of the Belarusian -ovich/-evich (Belarusian Latin: -ovič/-evič) and Polish -owicz/-ewicz[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ides, -idis, -idas (Greek), "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ier (French)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ik (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian (language)">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian (language)">Slovenian</a>) It merely creates a noun in <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> where -ik is a version of -ík, can be endearment, diminutive, have other meanings.<a href="#cite_note-IkSlovak-21">[21]</a> <ul><li>-ík (<a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>) It merely creates a noun and can also be endearment, diminutive, have other meanings; its other <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> version is -ik.<a href="#cite_note-IkSlovak-21">[21]</a></li></ul></li> <li>-ik (<a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>) if it follows a tree name, has a meaning "grove"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ikh, -ykh (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-in (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> (all Eastern Slavic languages), <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>) possessive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ina_(suffix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ina (suffix) (page does not exist)">ina</a> (female equivalent of -in; especially rare for male names, but the suffix alone is an actual female name)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-yn (Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian) possessive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-in (French) diminutive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-in (Dutch, German) suffix attached to old Germanic female surnames (e.g. female surname "Mayerin", the wife of "Mayer")<a href="#cite_note-in_(German)-22">[22]</a></li> <li>-ing, ink (Anglo-Saxon, Dutch, German) "descendant"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ino (a common suffix for male Latino and Italian names)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ipa (Abkhazian) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ipha (Abkhazian) "girl of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-is (Greek, /male/ <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ienė (Lithuanian) female version[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ytė (Lithuanian) unmarried female version[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ishin, -yshyn (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>) possessive (e.g. Romanishin = son of wife of Roman)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ishina, -yshyna (female equivalent of -ishin, -yshyn)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-iu (<a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ius (Lithuanian) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-iv (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>) possessive.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-j (Adygean)"old"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ja (Sindhi) "meaning of"</li> <li>-jerhin/-jerin (<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrghyz</a>) "place (of origin)" Usually, this form of the surname is assigned to kairylmans who do not have a surname. This form is added to the place of residence, origin. Those who do not know their origin can also be used. It is possible at will. (e.g. Pamirjerhin/Pamirjerin, Tongjerhin/Tongjerin). In The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrghyz_latine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyrghyz latine (page does not exist)">Kyrghyz latine</a> alphabet will be -zerin</li> <li>-ka (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>) diminutive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-kan, -ken (Turkish) (e.g. Vuruşkan)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-kar (Marathi) (e.g. Tendulkar)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]"originating from",</li> <li>-ke (German) "small"</li> <li>-ke (Italian, Russian)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In surnames of Slavic origin. Like Ukrainian -ko</li> <li>-kin, -kins, -ken (English) "little"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-kin (Dutch) "little"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ko (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>)diminutive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ko (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Serbian)- diminutive, “child,” “descendant of.” It is used in affectionate forms of first names, and is also a common suffix in many surnames.</li> <li>-ko (Adygean) "son" ĸъо[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-kus (Lithuanian)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-kvist, -qvist (Swedish) "twig"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-kyzy (<a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>) "daughter of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-kyzy (<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrghyz</a>) "daughter of" (but usually used for patronymic) [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-la, -lä (Finnish)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>-le, -lein (German) "small"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-li, -lı, -lu, -lü (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azeri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri language">Azeri</a>) "from" (e.g. İzmirli, Ankaralı, İstanbullu, Bakülü)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-li (Italian)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-lin (French, Irish, Swedish) in Germanic names "small"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-litz (German)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-loo, -lou (Persian) "from" (e.g. Ghassemlou, Aghdashloo)</li> <li>-man(n) (Dutch, German, English)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-mand (Persian, مند-) owning or showing<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a></li> <li>-maz (Turkish) "does not" (e.g. "<a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Yılmaz">Yılmaz</a> = Yields not", "Korkmaz = Fears not")[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-men, -man (Turkish) flipping suffix (e.g. ak=white, akman=purely white), "person", "male person", have other meanings[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ment (French) from Germanic “man”[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-mere (Old English) meaning “lake” [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-moar [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-mohr (German)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-moor [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-moore [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-more [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-mor [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-nė, -te /female/ (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-nen (<a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finnish</a>) <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a>, "from"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-nik (Estonian) attributed to occupation (talu being "farm" – talunik being "farmer")[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-nova, -novas (Italian, <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>, Catalan) "new"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-novo (<a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>) "new"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ný (Czech, Slovak) adjective[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ny (Polish) adjective[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-nezhad, -nejad, -nejhad (Persian, نژاد) "descendant of"<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a></li> <li>-nyi (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-off (Russian, Bulgarian) obsolete, copied from French transliteration of -ov, based on Muscovite[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_family_name_affixes#Dubious" title="Talk:List of family name affixes">discuss</a>] pronunciation[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-oğlu (Azeri, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a>) "son of" (e.g. Türkoğlu)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ok (Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ois, -oy, -ais, -ay (French) from Germanic -isk and Vulgar Latin -ese[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-on (French), former subject case in masculine names[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-onak (-onok) (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-onis (Lithuanian) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-os (Greek) like Latin -us (Gasconic, Spanish, Portuguese) from Latin -us[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-opoulos, -opulos (Greek)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-osz, -oš (Polish, Czech, Slovak)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ot (French) "little"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ou(t) (French), various origins[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ou (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>) "daughter of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ou (-ow) (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>) / -oŭ (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>) equivalent to Russian -ov[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ova (Belarusian) feminine equivalent of -ou</li></ul></li> <li>-ouf (French), French spelling of Arabic names ending with -ūf[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ouf, Norman-French spelling of surnames of Anglo-Scandinavian origin or West Germanic origin ending with -ulf or -wulf</li> <li>-oui (French), French spelling of Arabic names, English spelling -wi[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ous[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ov (all Eastern Slavic languages, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>) possessive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ova (all Eastern Slavic languages, Bulgarian, Macedonian) feminine equivalent of -ov, -ou, -ow[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ová (Czech, Slovak) feminine derivative of a <a href="/wiki/Czech_name#Surnames" title="Czech name">noun male surname</a></li> <li>-ovo (Russian) (e.g. <a href="/wiki/House_of_Durnovo" title="House of Durnovo">Durnovo</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ovski (<a href="/wiki/Macedonian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian (language)">Macedonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian (language)">Bulgarian</a>) possessive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ovska (Macedonian, Bulgarian) Feminine equivalent of -ovski[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ow (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, though found in predominantly <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a> names, it is pronounced like English "ow" not like the German "ov")[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-pour, -poor (Persian) "son of"<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a></li> <li>-putra (Indonesian) "son"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-putri (Indonesian) "daughter"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-quin, (French) from Dutch -kin "little"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-s (English, Dutch, Irish, Welsh) "(son/daughter) of". Sometimes less recognizable, like in "Hendrickx" (son/daughter of Hendrik)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-sen or -zen (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>, Dutch or Low German) "son (of)"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ssen (Dutch or Low German) "son (of)"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ssens or -sens (Dutch) "grandson/granddaughter of". Literally "(son/daughter) of the son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-shvili (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>) "child"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-skas (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>) Lithuanianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -ski[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ski (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbian_languages" title="Sorbian languages">Sorbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>. Also Russian but more often transliterated as -sky), "originating from", "estate of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ska (Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Sorbian, Croatian) Feminine equivalent of -ski[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-skiy/-tskiy, -skyi/-tskyi (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ivskiy, -ivskyi (Ukrainian)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-skoy/-tskoy (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>) (e.g. Shakhovskoy)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-sky/-tsky (Russian, Ukrainian)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-skaya/-tskaya (Russian) Feminine equivalent of -sky/-tsky[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ivsky (Ukrainian)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-ský (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>) "originating from", "lord of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-ská (Czech, Slovak) Feminine equivalent of -ský[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-skis (<a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>) Latvianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -ski[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-sma (Frisian) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-son (English, Swedish, German, Norwegian, Scottish, <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>) "son (of)" (sometimes less recognizable, e.g. "Dixon"; in Iceland not part of a family name but the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">patronymic (sometimes matronymic) last name (by law)</a>, where (usually) the fathers's name is always slightly modified and then son added)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-sson (<a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>, Norwegian, Swedish, Scottish) "son (of)" (in Iceland technically the first s is a separate "suffix" of the father's name according to <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic language</a> rules, one of the most common modifications)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-(s)son (French), diminutive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-stad (Norwegian) "town" [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-stein (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>) "stone"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-strom, -strøm, -ström (Danish, Swedish) from 'current', probably an arbitrarily adopted ornamental name but possibly a topographic name for someone who lived by a river. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-tæ (Ossetian) "belong to"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-tabar (Persian) "descendant of"<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a></li> <li>-tan, -ten, -ton, -tön (<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrghyz</a>) "from (whom)", when the ancestor 's name ends in a hard consonant (e.g. Syrghaktan, Barsbekten, Bolotton, Küchlüktön)</li> <li>-teghin (<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrghyz</a>) "family tree, descent from the ancestor of the same name", is added at the end to the name of one ancestor. (e.g. Esenteghin, Alymbekteghin, Üsönaalyteghin) Marriage form for the surname -teghinghe — "Belonging to this family tree" (e.g. Esenteghinghe, Alymbekteghinghe, Üsönaalyteghinghe)</li> <li>-tō, -dō (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>) "from <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_clan" title="Fujiwara clan">Fujiwara clan</a>"</li> <li>-tzki, -tzky (Polish) – phonetic Germanized spelling of original Polish -cki[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-uulu (<a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrghyz</a>) - "son of" (but usually used for patronymic)</li> <li>-uk (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>) diminutive[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ulea (Romanian) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ulis (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-uly (<a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> form of -uulu) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ūnas (Lithuanian) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>-vich (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> /<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>: -vič/, occasionally a respelling of original Serbian, Croatian -vić) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-vych (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-wicz (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>), -wic (Polish)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-vić (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-vič (<a href="/wiki/Slovenian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian language">Slovenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> [rarely]), -vic (Slovak, Czech [rarely])[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-vici (Romanianized respellings)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-vics, -vits (Hungarianized respellings)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-vitz, -witz, -witch, -witsch (Germanized or Anglicized respellings)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-vičius (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian -vich (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Belarusian Latin</a>: -vič) and Polish -wicz[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li>-vičiutė (Lithuanian) signifies an unmarried female[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>-vičs (<a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>) Latvianized version of the Belarusian -vich (Belarusian Latin: -vič) and Polish [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]–wicz</li> <li>-vedi (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, Hindi) "learned in _ <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>" (e.g. Trivedi = "learned in 3 Vedas")</li> <li>-wala, -wallah, wali, vala, vali (<a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>) denotes the occupation or place of origin (Occupation example: Batliwala – one who deals with bottles. Place example: Suratwala – one from Surat)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-wan (Indonesian) denotes a male name[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-wati (Indonesian) denotes a female name[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-wi (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>) "from"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-y (Arabic/Persian) Means descendant of.<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a></li> <li>-y (See -i)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-yal</li> <li>-ycz (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-yk (Polish, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ynas (<a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a>) "son of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-ys (English) representing i. the archaic plural form, or ii. a diminutive form. Variant forms not limited to -yss, -is, -es. Pronunciation is as modern plural suffix -s; i.e. Sandys = sands; Foulis = fowls.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li>-ysz (Polish)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-za (Kurdish) "born of"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-<a href="/wiki/Zada_(suffix)" title="Zada (suffix)">zada</a> (Dari (Eastern Persian) and Pashto)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>-<a href="/wiki/Zadeh" title="Zadeh">zadeh</a> (Turkish, Azeri, Persian زاده)</li> <li>-zai (Pashto) "son of", "descendant of"<a href="#cite_note-:2-20">[20]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic onomastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_identification" title="Language identification">Language identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Lists of most common surnames</a>, for the various continents</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Patronymic surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian family name etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffix" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic name suffix">Slavic name suffix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tussenvoegsel" title="Tussenvoegsel">Tussenvoegsel</a> (Dutch prefixes)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEngber2006" class="citation news cs1">Engber, Daniel (2006-07-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2006/07/abu_ibn_and_bin_oh_my.html">"Abu, Ibn, and Bin, Oh My!"</a>. Slate. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-2339">1091-2339</a>. Retrieved 2018-04-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=Abu%2C+Ibn%2C+and+Bin%2C+Oh+My%21&rft.date=2006-07-03&rft.issn=1091-2339&rft.aulast=Engber&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Fexplainer%2F2006%2F07%2Fabu_ibn_and_bin_oh_my.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+family+name+affixes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWynbrandtGerges,_Fawaz_A.2010" class="citation book cs1">Wynbrandt, James; Gerges, Fawaz A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofsa0000wynb/page/">A Brief History of Saudi Arabia</a>. Infobase. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofsa0000wynb/page/">xvii</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816078769" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816078769"><bdi>978-0816078769</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0816078769&rft.aulast=Wynbrandt&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Gerges%2C+Fawaz+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbriefhistoryofsa0000wynb%2Fpage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+family+name+affixes" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/mac">"Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla (Ó Dónaill): mac"</a>. www.teanglann.ie. 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Retrieved July 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Critic&rft.atitle=Aristocratic+Surnames&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=145&rft.pages=178&rft.date=1886-10-09&rft.au=An+Old+Phonographer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSV1DAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dpepys%2Bsandys%2Bknollys%2Bsurnames%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+family+name+affixes" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_family_name_affixes&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://everything2.com/title/Surname+Prefixes">Surname Prefixes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://everything2.com/title/Surname+Suffixes">Surname Suffixes</a></li></ul> <div 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Personal_names" title="Template:Personal names"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Personal_names" title="Template talk:Personal names"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Personal_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Personal names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Personal_names_and_anthroponymy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Personal_name" title="Personal name">Personal names</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthroponymy" title="Anthroponymy">anthroponymy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">Given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Surname</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matriname" title="Matriname">Matrilineal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Affixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobiliary_particle" title="Nobiliary particle">Nobiliary particle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_name" class="mw-redirect" title="First name">First name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">Middle name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">Last name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By trait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barrelled_name" title="Double-barrelled name">Double-barrelled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">Epithet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_epithet" title="Animal epithet">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_epithet" title="Lists of people by epithet">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_epithet" title="Plant epithet">Plant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matronymic" title="Matronymic">Matronymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">Metonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononymous_person" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononymous person">Mononymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational name">Occupational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">Patronymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patronymic_surname" title="Patronymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">Sobriquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknonymy" title="Teknonymy">Teknonymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toponymic_surname" title="Toponymic surname">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrial_name" title="Patrial name">Patrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_name" title="Unisex name">Unisex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_name" title="Virtue name">Virtue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By life situation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aptronym" title="Aptronym">Aptronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">Birth name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">Code name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_and_married_names" title="Maiden and married names">Maiden and married names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">Temple name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placeholder_name" title="Placeholder name">Placeholder name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notname" title="Notname">Notname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_name" title="Slave name">Slave name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">Pseudonyms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_pseudonyms" title="List of pseudonyms">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug%C5%8D" title="Bugō">Bugō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nicknames" title="Lists of nicknames">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">Hypocorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_by_nickname" title="List of monarchs by nickname">Monarchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">Nom de guerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_name" title="Pen name">Pen name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(literature)" title="Heteronym (literature)">Heteronym</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_name" title="Ring name">Ring name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikona" title="Shikona">Shikona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_name" title="Stage name">Stage name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stage_names" title="List of stage names">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_one-word_stage_names" title="List of one-word stage names">Mononyms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Username" class="mw-redirect" title="Username">Username</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By culture <a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_name" title="Amami name">Amami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_name" title="Courtesy name">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_name" title="Art name">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_name" title="Generation name">Generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_titles" title="Chinese titles">Titles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_name" title="Manchu name">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_name" title="Okinawan name">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_name" title="Vietnamese name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Asia and Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_name" title="Kalmyk name">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_name" title="Mongolian name">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakut names">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_name" title="Tibetan name">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslim world</a> and Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_name" title="Afghan name">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_name" title="Arabic name">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_name" title="Azerbaijani name">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber name (page does not exist)">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic name">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun name">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_name" title="Persian name">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_name" title="Somali name">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_name" title="Tatar name">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_name" title="Hawaiian name">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_naming_customs" title="Māori naming customs">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_names" title="Akan names">Ashanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_naming_customs" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo naming customs">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_in_Eritrea_and_Ethiopia" title="Naming conventions in Eritrea and Ethiopia">Eritrean and Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewe_language#Naming_system" title="Ewe language">Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_name" title="Ghanaian name">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_name" title="Igbo name">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_name" title="Yoruba name">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_names" title="Zimbabwean names">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_name" title="Armenian name">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_surname#Ashkenazi_Jewry" title="Jewish surname">Ashkenazi Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_surnames" title="Basque surnames">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estonian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estonian name (page does not exist)">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_name" title="Finnish name">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_name" title="Georgian name">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_name" title="Greek name">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_personal_names" title="Ancient Greek personal names">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_name" title="Greek Cypriot name">Cypriot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_names" title="Hungarian names">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_name" title="Latvian name">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_name" title="Lithuanian name">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_onomastics" title="Celtic onomastics">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_surnames" title="Cornish surnames">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_name" title="Irish name">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_surnames" title="Manx surnames">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_name" title="Scottish Gaelic name">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_name" title="Dutch name">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_name" title="English name">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_name" title="Canadian name">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_name" title="Hong Kong name">Hongkongese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_name" title="German name">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_name" title="Icelandic name">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology" title="Scandinavian family name etymology">Scandinavian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_name" title="Swedish name">Swedish</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_name" title="French name">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_name" title="Italian name">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan name (page does not exist)">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_name" title="Portuguese name">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_naming_conventions" title="Roman naming conventions">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">Praenomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Roman_name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Roman name)">Nomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">Cognomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnomen" title="Agnomen">Agnomen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_name" title="Romanian name">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_naming_customs" title="Spanish naming customs">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naming_customs_of_Hispanic_America" title="Naming customs of Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_name" title="Bulgarian name">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_name" title="Croatian name">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_name" title="Czech name">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_name" title="Belarusian name">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_name" title="Ukrainian name">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kashubian_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kashubian name (page does not exist)">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_onomastics" title="Macedonian onomastics">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish name">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_name" title="Serbian name">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_name" title="Slovak name">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_name_suffixes" title="Slavic name suffixes">Suffixes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_name" title="Balinese name">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_name" title="Bengali name">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese name">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_names" title="Indonesian names">Indonesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian_surname" title="Chinese Indonesian surname">Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_name" title="Javanese name">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer name">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_name" title="Indian name">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_name" title="Lao name">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_names" title="Sindhi names">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_name" title="Sinhalese name">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_ancient_Tamil_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Naming conventions of ancient Tamil country">Ancient Tamil country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_name" title="Thai name">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_name" title="Christian name">Christian name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names" title="List of biblical names">Biblical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_name" title="Papal name">Papal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint%27s_name" title="Saint's name">Saint's name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_surname" title="Buddhist surname">Buddhist surname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_name" title="Dharma name">Dharma name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Jewish name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_name" title="Hebrew name">Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Mandaean name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">Theophoric name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manners of address <a href="/wiki/List_of_titles" title="List of titles">List</a> <a href="/wiki/Title_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of authority">of authority</a>/<a href="/wiki/Title_of_honor" title="Title of honor">of honour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">Honorific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles" title="Royal and noble styles">Imperial, royal, and noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary styles">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">Pre-nominal letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix_(name)" title="Suffix (name)">Suffix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emeritus" title="Emeritus">Emeritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">Post-nominal letters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(distinction)" title="Order (distinction)">Orders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Award" title="Award">decorations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">medals</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">Titles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">Academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">Chivalric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">Courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility" title="False titles of nobility">False</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_title" title="Hereditary title">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_title" title="Subsidiary title">Subsidiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_title" title="Substantive title">Substantive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional titles">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic ranks">Academic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">Honorary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_title" title="Corporate title">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_rank" title="Diplomatic rank">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_titles" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial titles">Judicial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_titles_and_styles" title="List of religious titles and styles">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_titles_and_styles" title="Ecclesiastical titles and styles">Ecclesiastical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_titles" title="Papal titles">Papal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_day" title="Name day">Name day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">Acronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">Personification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadnaming" title="Deadnaming">Deadnaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonym and exonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galton%E2%80%93Watson_process" title="Galton–Watson process">Galton–Watson process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">Legal name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_change" title="Name change">Name change</a></li></ul></li> <li>List <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_popular_given_names" title="List of most popular given names">Given</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">Surname</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Namesake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_taboo" title="Naming taboo">Naming taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomen_nescio" title="Nomen nescio">Nomen nescio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">Misnomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/-onym" title="-onym">-onym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_identity" title="Personal identity">Personal identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">Identifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">Proper name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signature" title="Signature">Signature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monogram" title="Monogram">Monogram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_cypher" title="Royal cypher">Royal cypher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelrtva" title="Khelrtva">Khelrtva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnames_by_country" title="Surnames by country">Surnames by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_names" title="Category:Lists of names">Category:Lists of names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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