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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Englist land surveyor (c. 1540–1621)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralph_Agas_map_of_Oxford_1578.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ralph_Agas_map_of_Oxford_1578.gif/310px-Ralph_Agas_map_of_Oxford_1578.gif" decoding="async" width="310" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ralph_Agas_map_of_Oxford_1578.gif/465px-Ralph_Agas_map_of_Oxford_1578.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Ralph_Agas_map_of_Oxford_1578.gif/620px-Ralph_Agas_map_of_Oxford_1578.gif 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>Part of Agas's map of Oxford (surveyed 1578; engraved 1588)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ralph Agas</b> (or <b>Radulph Agas</b>) (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1540</span> – 26 November 1621) was an English land surveyor and <a href="/wiki/Cartography" title="Cartography">cartographer</a>. He was born at <a href="/wiki/Stoke-by-Nayland" title="Stoke-by-Nayland">Stoke-by-Nayland</a>, Suffolk, in about 1540, and lived there throughout his life, although he travelled regularly to London. He began to practise as a surveyor in about 1566, and has been described as "one of the leaders of the emerging body of skilled land surveyors".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBendall2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agas is particularly known for his large-scale town map of <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> (surveyed 1578, published 1588). Early maps of <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> were also formerly attributed to him, but these attributions are no longer upheld. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agas was born in <a href="/wiki/Stoke-by-Nayland" title="Stoke-by-Nayland">Stoke-by-Nayland</a>, in Suffolk, probably between 1540 and 1545. By his own account, he began to practise as a land surveyor in about 1566.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBendall2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is described at several points in his life as "deformed", "impotent", "lame" and a "cripple", but the precise nature of his <a href="/wiki/Physical_disability" title="Physical disability">disability</a> is not known.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275,_278,_283_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275,_278,_283-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordained</a>, and served from 1578 to 1583 as <a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">rector</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gressenhall" title="Gressenhall">Gressenhall</a>, Norfolk. He probably abandoned the church after this date in favour of his surveying career.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He appears always to have lived in Suffolk, but travelled regularly to London in <a href="/wiki/Legal_year" title="Legal year">term time</a> to obtain orders for surveying work. During his visits he is known to have lodged at inns: in 1596 at the "Flower de Luce", next to the "Sun" near <a href="/wiki/River_Fleet" title="River Fleet">Fleet</a> Bridge; and in 1606 at the sign of the "Helmet" in <a href="/wiki/Holborn" title="Holborn">Holborn</a>, at the end of <a href="/wiki/Fetter_Lane" title="Fetter Lane">Fetter Lane</a>. </p><p>He died at Stoke-by-Nayland on 26 November 1621, and was buried there the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBendall2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maps">Maps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Maps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agas's regular work consisted of drawing up local <a href="/wiki/Estate_map" title="Estate map">estate maps</a> and surveys for a variety of clients. He was one of the first estate surveyors to move beyond the traditional practice of compiling purely written descriptions of landed property, and to consider supplementing these with measured maps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey199380–83_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey199380–83-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest map that can be attributed to him is one of lands at <a href="/wiki/West_Lexham" title="West Lexham">West Lexham</a>, Norfolk, dated 1575.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBendall2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He subsequently undertook commissions in <a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire" title="Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkshire" title="Berkshire">Berkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBendall2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteerEdenBendall1997_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteerEdenBendall1997-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estate map he drew of <a href="/wiki/Toddington,_Bedfordshire" title="Toddington, Bedfordshire">Toddington, Bedfordshire</a>, dated 1581, includes what Paul Harvey has described as "the best picture we have of a small Elizabethan country market-town".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey199321,_88_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey199321,_88-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He appears to have been patronised by <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley</a>. Another client was <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Oxford" title="Corpus Christi College, Oxford">Corpus Christi College, Oxford</a>, although the college commissioned only written surveys rather than maps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey199393_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey199393-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agas is perhaps principally remembered for <i>Oxonia Antiqua Restaurata</i>, a detailed plan – really a "<a href="/wiki/Bird%27s-eye_view#Bird's-flight_view" title="Bird's-eye view">bird's-flight view</a>" – of Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was drawn in 1578 and engraved and printed in 1588: a copy is held in the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>, bequeathed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rawlinson" title="Richard Rawlinson">Richard Rawlinson</a>. The plan was re-engraved by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Whittlesey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Whittlesey (page does not exist)">Robert Whittlesey</a> in 1728, at the expense of the university, but this plate was destroyed in the fire at <a href="/wiki/John_Nichols_(printer)" title="John Nichols (printer)">John Nichol</a>'s printing-works in 1808.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885175_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885175-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A town plan of <a href="/wiki/Dunwich" title="Dunwich">Dunwich</a> in Suffolk is also attributed to Agas. This was engraved for <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gardner_(antiquary)" title="Thomas Gardner (antiquary)">Thomas Gardner</a>'s history of the town (1744). The original later came into the possession of the Suffolk antiquary <a href="/wiki/David_Elisha_Davy" title="David Elisha Davy">David Elisha Davy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885175_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885175-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spurious_attributions">Spurious attributions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spurious attributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The important early map of London now conventionally known as the <a href="/wiki/Woodcut_map_of_London" title="Woodcut map of London">"Woodcut" map</a> has traditionally been attributed to Agas. A verse inscribed on the 1588 engraving of Agas's map of Oxford included a claim to the effect that for ten years past he had been hoping to undertake a survey of London, but had not done so. On the dubious evidence of this statement, a link with the Woodcut map was first made by the late 17th-century engraver of a copy of it on pewter sheets; and in 1737–8 <a href="/wiki/George_Vertue" title="George Vertue">George Vertue</a> attributed it confidently and unambiguously to Agas.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the claim is no longer sustained: the Woodcut map is now dated to the early 1560s, and is known to be based on the slightly earlier <a href="/wiki/Copperplate_map_of_London" title="Copperplate map of London">"Copperplate" map</a> of the 1550s, making it highly unlikely that Agas played any part in its creation. Nevertheless, the Woodcut map is still often referred to as the "Agas" map. </p><p>A map of Cambridge printed in 1592 (of which a unique copy survives in the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>) has also been attributed to Agas, but is now thought more likely to be by <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hamond_(cartographer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hamond (cartographer) (page does not exist)">John Hamond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBendall2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey199375_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey199375-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advertisements">Advertisements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Advertisements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agas produced several documents to publicise his services to potential clients. The longest is a published 20-page pamphlet entitled <i>A Preparative to Platting of Landes and Tenements for Surveigh</i> (1596), in which he advertises his methods of surveying (including the use of the <a href="/wiki/Theodolite" title="Theodolite">theodolite</a>), defends the practical advantages to the landlord of having a map of his property, and condemns the less scientific techniques of untrained surveyors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBendall2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey199391_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey199391-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelano-SmithKain1999117–8_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelano-SmithKain1999117–8-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He praises the convenience and accuracy of the theodolite over the older surveying technology of the <a href="/wiki/Plane_table" title="Plane table">plane table</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He concludes by saying that he hopes to write a more extended technical treatise on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A shorter advertisement is printed on a single <a href="/wiki/Quarto" title="Quarto">quarto</a> half-sheet, and is undated. Agas asserts that he has more than forty years experience in survey work, a perfect knowledge of customary tenures and titles of all kinds, and that he is a good penman and well acquainted with old records. He again emphasises the advantages to be gained by a landlord in employing an experienced surveyor, as a means of combating the "abuse in concealments, incroachments etc." that has arisen in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another advertisement is in manuscript, and is dated 17 November 1606. Here Agas claims, besides his knowledge of surveying, the ability to read old records, to restore any that are worn, "obliterated, or dimmed," and to make <a href="/wiki/Calendar_(archives)" title="Calendar (archives)">calendars</a> of them. He can find the weight and measure of any solid body. He is clever at arithmetic, and skilled "in writing smaule, after the skantelinge & proportion of copiynge the Oulde & New Testamentes seven tymes in one skinne of partchmente, without anie woorde abbreviate or contracted, which maie also serve for drawinge discriptions of contries into volumes portable in verie little cases". He has a recipe for the preservation of the eye; can remove and replant trees of a <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">ton</a> weight without injury; and has forty years' experience in his profession.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175,_citing_British_Library,_Add_MS_12497,_fol._342_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175,_citing_British_Library,_Add_MS_12497,_fol._342-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_documents">Other documents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other documents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Further original documents written by Agas survive among the <a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_manuscripts" title="Lansdowne manuscripts">Lansdowne</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Library#Additional_manuscripts" title="British Library">Additional manuscripts</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. One is a letter dated 22 February 1593, addressed to Lord Burghley. It is entitled "A Noate for the Perfection of Lande Measure, and exact Plattinge of Cities, Castels, Honors, Lordshippes, Maners, and Landes of all sortes". In this account of the techniques of land-surveying, Agas writes of the "profitable staff" and the theodolite of some 20 inches in diameter, with a protractor of one foot at least. He adds that "the measure attendinge uppon this instrument is of steele wier toe pole longe lincked foote by foote, excepte the halfe foot at either ende." In another letter to Burghley of 1597, Agas writes of his labours in <a href="/wiki/The_Fens" title="The Fens">the Fens</a> of eastern England, and states how he had plotted out the ground, gauged the quantity of the waters, the ebbs and flows, and the daily abuses of the landholders. He thanks Burghley for bounties already bestowed, but also alludes to a considerable sum still owing to him for his services.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another manuscript, dated 1606, comprises an opinion given by Agas to the commissioners appointed to inquire into the question of concealed lands belonging to <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>. This marks his last known professional appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBendall2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agas's "Supervisio Manerii de Comerde Magna, alias Abbas Haule, co. Suff.", a survey of the <a href="/wiki/Manorialism" title="Manorialism">manor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Great_Cornard" title="Great Cornard">Great Cornard</a>, Suffolk, is in the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885175,_citing_British_Library,_Sloane_MS_3664_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885175,_citing_British_Library,_Sloane_MS_3664-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_disputes">Legal disputes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legal disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At several points in his life Agas became embroiled in legal disputes. He appears to have been a radical Protestant, eager to challenge the abuse of power by members of the Suffolk "<a href="/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment">establishment</a>", and to have been unpopular with many of his neighbours.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275,_281,_283–4_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275,_281,_283–4-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1582, when rector of Gressenhall, he complained to the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_England" title="Privy Council of England">Privy Council</a> about a parish campaign of persecution against him which had brought him into discredit with his bishop.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1589 he became caught up in a feud with Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Waldegrave_(MP_for_Suffolk)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Waldegrave (MP for Suffolk)">William Waldegrave</a>, the chief landowner of Stoke by Nayland, after accusing Sir William, Lady Waldegrave, and others – with some justification – of offences including <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Recusancy" title="Recusancy">recusancy</a>. Agas was convicted of slander by the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_(England)" title="Court of King's Bench (England)">Court of King's Bench</a> and imprisoned for several months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975276–9_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975276–9-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1595 he distributed copies of a document in which he aired his grievances in this matter to several influential members of the county community, but found himself indicted before the <a href="/wiki/Star_Chamber" title="Star Chamber">Court of Star Chamber</a> on a charge of issuing seditious pamphlets. The outcome of this case is not known.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975279–81_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975279–81-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1598, he was again brought before Star Chamber, in connection with a dispute over the inheritance of the estates of a neighbour, John Payne, in which he sought to establish <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a>'s rights of <a href="/wiki/Ward_(law)" title="Ward (law)">wardship</a>. The legal dispute had soon turned to physical violence. In the bill presented to the court Agas and his two elder sons, Robert and Thomas, were described as the most pestilent fellows in the neighbourhood, and Agas himself as "one that in former times hath used the office of magister, and was sometymes parson of <a href="/wiki/Dereham" title="Dereham">Dereham</a>, in the county of Norfolk, being deprived of his benefice for his lewd life and bad conditions, and being deformed in shape and body as in conditions". The defendants responded that many of these allegations were absurd, ridiculous and untrue, and further, "that the same Radulph Agas was never a parson of Dereham in Norfolk, neyther had anything to do eyther with the church, personage, or minister there; neither was ever deprived from any church or benefice whatsoever, as is falsely and maliciously in the said bill suggested and intended. And touching the infirmity and bodily weakness of the same Radulph Agas, one of the defendants, he saith, that as he received the same by the providence of God in his mother's wombe, so hath he always with humble thanks to his Creator willingly borne and suffered that his infirmity". The outcome of the case is again not known, but Agas appears to have escaped long-term imprisonment through the intervention of Thomas Browne, the royal farmer of Payne's lands, who wrote to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury">Robert Cecil</a> (son of Lord Burghley) on his behalf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975281–3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975281–3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agas was married, but his wife's name is not known. He had at least three sons (including Robert and Thomas) and two daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBendall2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is believed to be related to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Aggas" title="Edward Aggas">Edward Aggas</a> (fl. 1564–1601), an English bookseller, printer, and translator who was a native of the same area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBendall2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBendall2004_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBendall2004">Bendall 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper1885">Cooper 1885</a>, pp. 173–175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275,_278,_283-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275,_278,_283_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacCulloch1975">MacCulloch 1975</a>, pp. 275, 278, 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacCulloch1975">MacCulloch 1975</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey199380–83-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey199380–83_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarvey1993">Harvey 1993</a>, pp. 80–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteerEdenBendall1997-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteerEdenBendall1997_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSteerEdenBendall1997">Steer, Eden & Bendall 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey199321,_88-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey199321,_88_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarvey1993">Harvey 1993</a>, pp. 21, 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey199393-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey199393_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarvey1993">Harvey 1993</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Discussed in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHurst1899" class="citation book cs1">Hurst, Herbert (1899). "Introduction". <i>Oxford Topography: an essay</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Historical_Society" title="Oxford Historical Society">Oxford Historical Society</a>. Vol. 39. Oxford: Oxford Historical Society. pp. 1–12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Oxford+Topography%3A+an+essay&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Oxford+Historical+Society&rft.pages=1-12&rft.pub=Oxford+Historical+Society&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Hurst&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885175-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885175_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885175_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper1885">Cooper 1885</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarks1964" class="citation book cs1">Marks, Stephen Powys, ed. (1964). <i>The Map of Mid Sixteenth Century London</i>. <a href="/wiki/London_Topographical_Society" title="London Topographical Society">London Topographical Society</a>. Vol. 100. London: London Topographical Society. pp. 21–2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Map+of+Mid+Sixteenth+Century+London&rft.place=London&rft.series=London+Topographical+Society&rft.pages=21-2&rft.pub=London+Topographical+Society&rft.date=1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey199375-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey199375_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarvey1993">Harvey 1993</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey199391-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey199391_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarvey1993">Harvey 1993</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelano-SmithKain1999117–8-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelano-SmithKain1999117–8_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelano-SmithKain1999">Delano-Smith & Kain 1999</a>, pp. 117–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBendall1992" class="citation book cs1">Bendall, A. Sarah (1992). <i>Maps, Land and Society: a history, with a carto-bibliography, of Cambridgeshire estate maps, c.1600–1836</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 132, 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-41055-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-41055-X"><bdi>0-521-41055-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maps%2C+Land+and+Society%3A+a+history%2C+with+a+carto-bibliography%2C+of+Cambridgeshire+estate+maps%2C+c.1600%E2%80%931836&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=132%2C+137&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-521-41055-X&rft.aulast=Bendall&rft.aufirst=A.+Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgas1596" class="citation book cs1">Agas, Ralph (1596). <i>A Preparative to Platting of Landes and Tenements for Surveigh</i>. London. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Preparative+to+Platting+of+Landes+and+Tenements+for+Surveigh&rft.place=London&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1596&rft.aulast=Agas&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Library, Lansdowne MS 165, fol. 95; published in full in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarby1933" class="citation journal cs1">Darby, H. C. (1933). "The Agrarian Contribution to Surveying in England". <i>Geographical Journal</i>. <b>82</b> (6): 529–535 (31–2). <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1933GeogJ..82..529D">1933GeogJ..82..529D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1785474">10.2307/1785474</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785474">1785474</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Agrarian+Contribution+to+Surveying+in+England&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=529-535+%2831-2%29&rft.date=1933&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1785474%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1785474&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1933GeogJ..82..529D&rft.aulast=Darby&rft.aufirst=H.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175,_citing_British_Library,_Add_MS_12497,_fol._342-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885173–175,_citing_British_Library,_Add_MS_12497,_fol._342_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper1885">Cooper 1885</a>, pp. 173–175, citing British Library, Add MS 12497, fol. 342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1885175,_citing_British_Library,_Sloane_MS_3664-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1885175,_citing_British_Library,_Sloane_MS_3664_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper1885">Cooper 1885</a>, p. 175, citing British Library, Sloane MS 3664.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275,_281,_283–4-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975275,_281,_283–4_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacCulloch1975">MacCulloch 1975</a>, pp. 275, 281, 283–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975276–9-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975276–9_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacCulloch1975">MacCulloch 1975</a>, pp. 276–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975279–81-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975279–81_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacCulloch1975">MacCulloch 1975</a>, pp. 279–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975281–3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacCulloch1975281–3_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacCulloch1975">MacCulloch 1975</a>, pp. 281–3.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Agas,_Radulph" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Agas, Radulph">Agas, Radulph</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Agas%2C+Radulph&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1885" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Cooper" title="Thompson Cooper">Cooper, Thompson</a> (1885). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Agas,_Radulph" class="extiw" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Agas, Radulph">Agas, Radulph</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Stephen" title="Leslie Stephen">Stephen, Leslie</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. Vol. 1. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 173–175.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Agas%2C+Radulph&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=173-175&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Thompson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBendall2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bendall, Sarah (2004). "Agas, Radulph [Ralph] (c.1540–1621)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F207">10.1093/ref:odnb/207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Agas%2C+Radulph+%5BRalph%5D+%28c.1540%E2%80%931621%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F207&rft.aulast=Bendall&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelano-SmithKain1999" class="citation book cs1">Delano-Smith, Catherine; Kain, Roger J. P. (1999). <i>English Maps: a history</i>. London: British Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7123-4609-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7123-4609-0"><bdi>0-7123-4609-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Maps%3A+a+history&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7123-4609-0&rft.aulast=Delano-Smith&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Kain%2C+Roger+J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey1993" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, P. D. A. (1993). <i>Maps in Tudor England</i>. London: Public Record Office/British Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7123-0311-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7123-0311-1"><bdi>0-7123-0311-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maps+in+Tudor+England&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Public+Record+Office%2FBritish+Library&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-7123-0311-1&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=P.+D.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacCulloch1975" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diarmaid_MacCulloch" title="Diarmaid MacCulloch">MacCulloch, Diarmaid</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk/customers/Suffolk%20Institute/2014/01/10/Volume%20XXXIII%20Part%203%20(1975)_Radulph%20Agas%20Virtue%20unrewarded%20D%20N%20J%20MacCulloch_275%20to%20284.pdf">"Radulph Agas: virtue unrewarded"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology</i>. <b>33</b> (3): 275–84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Suffolk+Institute+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Radulph+Agas%3A+virtue+unrewarded&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=275-84&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=MacCulloch&rft.aufirst=Diarmaid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsuffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk%2Fcustomers%2FSuffolk%2520Institute%2F2014%2F01%2F10%2FVolume%2520XXXIII%2520Part%25203%2520%281975%29_Radulph%2520Agas%2520Virtue%2520unrewarded%2520D%2520N%2520J%2520MacCulloch_275%2520to%2520284.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteerEdenBendall1997" class="citation book cs1">Steer, Francis; Eden, Peter; Bendall, Sarah, eds. (1997). "Agas, Ralph". <i>Dictionary of Land Surveyors and Local Map-makers of Great Britain and Ireland, 1530–1850</i>. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). London: British Library. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0712345094" title="Special:BookSources/0712345094"><bdi>0712345094</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Agas%2C+Ralph&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Land+Surveyors+and+Local+Map-makers+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland%2C+1530%E2%80%931850&rft.place=London&rft.pages=4&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=British+Library&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0712345094&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Agas" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Agas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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