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interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_s%C3%ADculo-calabro-salentines" title="Llingües sículo-calabro-salentines – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües sículo-calabro-salentines" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_s%C3%ADculo-calabro-salentinas" title="Lenguas sículo-calabro-salentinas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas sículo-calabro-salentinas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekstreme_sudaj_italaj_dialektoj" title="Ekstreme sudaj italaj dialektoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekstreme sudaj italaj dialektoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectes_italiens_m%C3%A9ridionaux_extr%C3%AAmes" title="Dialectes italiens méridionaux extrêmes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dialectes italiens méridionaux extrêmes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetti_italiani_meridionali_estremi" title="Dialetti italiani meridionali estremi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dialetti italiani meridionali estremi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Extreme Southern Italian</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">dialetti italiani meridionali estremi</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Salento" title="Salento">Salento</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cilento" title="Cilento">Cilento</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicilians" title="Sicilians">Sicilians</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">4.7 million (2002)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Latino-Faliscan_languages" title="Latino-Faliscan languages">Latino-Faliscan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Western_languages" title="Italo-Western languages">Italo-Western</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Dalmatian_languages" title="Italo-Dalmatian languages">Italo-Dalmatian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Dalmatian_languages#Italo-Romance" title="Italo-Dalmatian languages">Italo-Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Extreme Southern Italian</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dialetti_italiani_meridionali_estremi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dialetti_italiani_meridionali_estremi.svg/320px-Dialetti_italiani_meridionali_estremi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dialetti_italiani_meridionali_estremi.svg/480px-Dialetti_italiani_meridionali_estremi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dialetti_italiani_meridionali_estremi.svg/640px-Dialetti_italiani_meridionali_estremi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="609" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Extreme Southern Italian dialects</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>Extreme Southern Italian</b><sup id="cite_ref-mappaPellegrini_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mappaPellegrini-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dea_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dea-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dialects are a set of languages spoken in <a href="/wiki/Salento" title="Salento">Salento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Cilento" title="Cilento">Cilento</a> with common phonetic and syntactic characteristics such as to constitute a single group. These languages derive, without exception, from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> but not from <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_dialect" title="Tuscan dialect">Tuscan</a>; therefore it follows that the name "Italian" is a purely geographical reference. </p><p>Today, Extreme Southern Italian dialects are still spoken daily, although their use is limited to informal contexts and is mostly oral. There are examples of full literary uses with contests (mostly poetry) and theatrical performances. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extreme_Southern_Italian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The territory where the Extreme Southern dialects are found roughly traces the Byzantine territory in 9th century Italy. In this territory the spoken language was <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, which still survives in some areas of Calabria and Salento and is known as <a href="/wiki/Italiot_Greek" title="Italiot Greek">Italiot Greek</a> (see Greek linguistic minority of Italy).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extreme_Southern_Italian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a>, spoken on the island of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>: Western Sicilian; Central Metafonetica; Southeast Metafonetica; Ennese; Eastern Nonmetafonetica; Messinese.</li> <li>Sicilian dialects on other islands: Isole Eolie, on the Aeolian Islands; <a href="/wiki/Pantesco_dialect" title="Pantesco dialect">Pantesco</a>, on the island of Pantelleria.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Calabria#Central-Southern_Calabrian" title="Languages of Calabria">Calabro</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-calabrian_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calabrian-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Central-Southern Calabrian:<sup id="cite_ref-calabrian_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calabrian-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dialects are spoken in the central and southern areas of the region of <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salentino_dialect" title="Salentino dialect">Salentino</a>, spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Salento" title="Salento">Salento</a> region of southern <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a>.</li> <li>Southern Cilentan: spoken in <a href="/wiki/Roccagloriosa" title="Roccagloriosa">Roccagloriosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rofrano" title="Rofrano">Rofrano</a> in southern tip of <a href="/wiki/Cilento" title="Cilento">Cilento</a>, which is southern <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Salerno" title="Province of Salerno">Province of Salerno</a>, in the Campania region.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonological_features">Phonological features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extreme_Southern_Italian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonological features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main characteristics that the extreme southern dialects have in common, differentiating them from the rest of the southern area dialects are<sup id="cite_ref-Alessio_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alessio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Sicilian vowel system, a characteristic not present, however, in many dialects of central-northern Calabria;</li> <li>presence of three well perceptible final vowels in most dialects of this area: -i, -u, -a; in Cosentino and in central-southern Salento, however, the final -e is also preserved;</li> <li>cacuminal or retroflex pronunciation of -DD- deriving from -LL-. This phenomenon is also found in part of Campania and Basilicata;</li> <li>maintenance of voiceless occlusive consonants after the nasals: the word for "eats" will therefore be pronounced <i>mancia</i> and not <i>mangia</i>. However, this phenomenon is absent in Cosentino;</li> <li>absence of apocopated infinitives spread from the Upper <a href="/wiki/Mezzogiorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezzogiorno">Mezzogiorno</a> to Tuscany (therefore one has cantare or cantari and not cantà). Also in this respect the Cosentino dialect is an exception;</li> <li>use of the preterite with endings similar to the Italian remote past and the non-distinction between past perfect and past past; however, this phenomenon is absent in central-northern Calabria (north of the Lamezia Terme-Sersale-Crotone line).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extreme_Southern_Italian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Italy" title="Languages of Italy">Languages of Italy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extreme_Southern_Italian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Francesco Avolio, Lingue e dialetti d'Italia, 2012, Carocci editore, Roma, ed=2, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-430-5203-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-430-5203-5">978-88-430-5203-5</a>.</li> <li>Giuseppe Antonio Martino - Ettore Alvaro, Dizionario dei dialetti della Calabria meridionale, Qualecultura, Vibo Valentia 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-95270-21-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-95270-21-0">978-88-95270-21-0</a>.</li> <li>Gerhard Rohlfs, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuovo_Dizionario_Dialettale_della_Calabria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuovo Dizionario Dialettale della Calabria (page does not exist)">Nuovo Dizionario Dialettale della Calabria</a></i>. Longo, Ravenna, 1977 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-8063-076-8" title="Special:BookSources/88-8063-076-8">88-8063-076-8</a> (6th reedition, 2001)</li> <li>Gerhard Rohlfs, <i>Dizionario dialettale delle tre Calabrie</i>. Milano-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Halle_sul_Saale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halle sul Saale (page does not exist)">Halle</a>, 1932-1939.</li> <li>Gerhard Rohlfs, <i>Vocabolario supplementare dei dialetti delle Tre Calabrie (che comprende il dialetto greco-calabro di Bova) con repertorio toponomastico</i>. Verl. d. Bayer. Akad. d. Wiss., München, 2 volumi, 1966-1967</li> <li>Gerhard Rohlfs, <i>Vocabolario dei dialetti <a href="/wiki/Salento" title="Salento">salentini</a> (<a href="/wiki/Terra_d%27Otranto" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra d'Otranto">Terra d'Otranto</a>)</i>. Verl. d. Bayer. Akad. d. Wiss., München, 2 volumi (1956-1957) e 1 suppl. (1961)</li> <li>Gerhard Rohlfs, <i>Supplemento ai vocabolari siciliani</i>. Verlag der Bayer, <a href="/wiki/Monaco_di_Baviera" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaco di Baviera">München</a>, Akad. d. Wiss., 1977</li> <li>Gerhard Rohlfs, <i>Historische Sprachschichten im modernen Sizilien</i>. Verlag der Bayer, München, Akad. d. Wiss., 1975</li> <li>Gerhard Rohlfs, <i>Studi linguistici sulla <a href="/wiki/Lucania" title="Lucania">Lucania</a> e sul <a href="/wiki/Cilento" title="Cilento">Cilento</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congedo_Editore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congedo Editore (page does not exist)">Congedo Editore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galatina" title="Galatina">Galatina</a>, 1988 (translation by Elda Morlicchio, Atti e memorie N. 3, Università degli Studi della Basilicata).</li> <li>Gerhard Rohlfs, <i>Mundarten und Griechentum des Cilento</i>, in <i>Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie</i>, 57, 1937, pp. 421– 461</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extreme_Southern_Italian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mappaPellegrini-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mappaPellegrini_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the classification of Giovan Battista Pellegrini, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/lingua/bruni/mappe/mappe/f_dialetti.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070826235450/http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/lingua/bruni/mappe/mappe/f_dialetti.htm">Archived</a> 26 August 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francesco Avolio, Lingue e dialetti d'Italia, 2012, Carocci editore, Roma, ed=2, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-430-5203-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-430-5203-5">978-88-430-5203-5</a>, page 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dea-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dea_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unistrada.it/italian/master/minoranze_grecofone/materiale_didattico/deangelis/Introduzione_ai_dialetti_italiani_meridionali_estremi.pdf">"Introduzione ai dialetti italiani meridionali estremi (Alessandro De Angelis)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduzione+ai+dialetti+italiani+meridionali+estremi+%28Alessandro+De+Angelis%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unistrada.it%2Fitalian%2Fmaster%2Fminoranze_grecofone%2Fmateriale_didattico%2Fdeangelis%2FIntroduzione_ai_dialetti_italiani_meridionali_estremi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtreme+Southern+Italian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irsap-agrigentum.it/lingua_siciliana.htm">Story of the Sicilian dialect from the point of view of the linguistics, IRSAP Agrigentum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-calabrian-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-calabrian_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-calabrian_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Calabrian in Italian: <i>Calabrese (pl. Calebresi).</i> Synonyms: <i>Calabro, Calabra, Calabri, calabre</i> (m., f., m.pl., f.pl.). Sicilian: <i>calabbrìsi, calavrìsi</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alessio-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alessio_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiovanni_Alessio1964" class="citation cs2">Giovanni Alessio (1964), <i>I dialetti della Calabria</i>, pp. 27–34</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+dialetti+della+Calabria&rft.pages=27-34&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Giovanni+Alessio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExtreme+Southern+Italian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extreme_Southern_Italian&oldid=1215090849">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extreme_Southern_Italian&oldid=1215090849</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dialects_of_Italian" title="Category:Dialects of Italian">Dialects of Italian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Extreme_Southern_Italian_dialects" title="Category:Extreme Southern Italian dialects">Extreme Southern Italian dialects</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_without_language_codes" title="Category:Language articles without language codes">Language articles without language codes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_without_reference_field" title="Category:Language articles without reference field">Language articles without reference field</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_missing_Glottolog_code" title="Category:Language articles missing Glottolog code">Language articles missing Glottolog code</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 March 2024, at 01:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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