Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui - World History Encyclopedia

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src="/template/images/header/whe-logo-white-r.svg">'; } function lightMode() { document.getElementById('darkCSS').remove(); document.querySelector('#header_ahe_logo').innerHTML = '<img src="/template/images/header/whe-logo-r.svg">'; } if (localStorage.getItem('darkMode') == 'dark') { darkMode(); } </script>  <main class="left_3_column" id="main_content"> <nav id="toc_wrapper" style="display: none;"> <div id="toc"> <h2 class="no_toc">Contents</h2> <div id="toc_contents"></div> <p class="toc_buttons"> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Coricancha+Cuzco+Inca_Government+Inca_Warfare+Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui" class="topic_subscribe outline_button">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="/interestemails/?author=markzcartwright" class="outline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to author</a> <span class="outline_button print_button" onclick="printButtonClicked();">Print Article</span> <script> function printButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ga4Event('print_button','clicked',AHE.canonicalPath); window.print(); }); } </script> </p> </div> </nav> <div id="tag_definition_wrapper"> <script> jsQueue(()=>{ async_load_js('https://assets.pinterest.com/js/pinit.js') }); </script> <div class="pinterest_button"> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/" data-pin-do="buttonPin" data-pin-id="https://www.worldhistory.org/Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui/" data-pin-media="https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/5133.jpg" data-pin-url="https://www.worldhistory.org/Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui/" data-pin-description="Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (often simply Pachacuti or Pachacutec) was the 9th Inca ruler (r. 1438 - 1471 CE) who founded their empire with conquests in the Cuzco Valley and beyond. Pachacuti is also credited with founding the site of Machu Picchu. The Inca ruler's title Pachacuti, which he gave himself..." data-pin-count="beside" > </a> </div> <h2>Definition</h2> <div id="tag_definition_text"> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="ci_info"> <div class="ci_author_image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="Mark Cartwright" src="/uploads/profile_photos/150-markzcartwright.JPG" width="50" height="50"> </div> <div class="ci_author trans block"> by <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="author" title="User Page: Mark Cartwright">Mark Cartwright</a> <br/> published on 18 July 2016 </div> </div> <div class="pre_article_section"> <div class="translations_header"> <div class="translations_title">Available in other languages: <a href="/trans/fr/1-12511/pachacutec/" class="translation_link " rel="alternate">French</a>, <a href="/trans/es/1-12511/pachacutec-inca-yupanqui/" class="translation_link " rel="alternate">Spanish</a></div> </div> <style> .audio-player-wrapper * { font-size: 14px !important; } .audio-player-wrapper .summary-wrapper { display: none; } .audio_player #play-btn-wrap svg { color: #222; margin-left: -18px; } #amplift-outer-wrapper { height: 60px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; background-image: url("/template/images/loading-audio-3.png"); background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; top: -4px; left: -9px; margin-bottom: 0px; } .audio-player-wrapper .audio_player { visibility: hidden; } </style> <div id="amplift-outer-wrapper"></div> <script> jsQueue(()=>{ window.setTimeout(()=>{ async_load_js("https://c.ampliftglobal.com/player/ampliftplayer.js",function() { AHE.ampliftPlayer = new AmpliftPlayer({target: '#amplift-outer-wrapper'}); AHE.ampliftPlayer.init(); window.setTimeout(()=>{ $('.audio-player-wrapper .audio_player').css('visibility','visible'); },1500); }); },1000); }); </script> <div class="pre_article_buttons no_print"> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Coricancha+Cuzco+Inca_Government+Inca_Warfare+Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui" class="topic_subscribe outline_button">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="/interestemails/?author=markzcartwright" class="outline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to author</a> <span class="outline_button print_button" onclick="printButtonClicked();">Print Article</span> <script> function printButtonClicked() { pageReady.then(()=>{ ga4Event('print_button','clicked',AHE.canonicalPath); window.print(); }); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="body"> <article> <figure class="definition_image"> <a href="/image/5133/pachacuti-inca-yupanqui/" title="Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui"> <picture>  <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/5133.jpg.webp?v=1637260206 300w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/5133.jpg.webp?v=1637260206 600w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/5133.jpg?v=1637260206 300w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/5133.jpg?v=1637260206 600w" type="image/jpeg"> <img src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/5133.jpg?v=1637260206" width="300" height="400" alt="Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (by Unknown, Public Domain)" title="Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (by Unknown, Public Domain)" class="tag_definition_image" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui</div><div class="figauthor">Unknown (Public Domain)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5133/pachacuti-inca-yupanqui/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5133/pachacuti-inca-yupanqui/","caption":"A statue of Inca ruler Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (r. 1438-71 CE) in Plaza de Armas, Cuzco, Peru","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/5133.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Unknown - Public Domain - This item is in the public domain, and can be used, copied, and modified without any restrictions.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Unknown"},"creditText":"Unknown / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2024-11-25T06:07:17+0000","datePublished":"2016-05-18T15:33:52+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui","height":640,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"http://www.pd4pic.com/statue-man-warrior-inca-cusco-peru-golden.html"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5133/pachacuti-inca-yupanqui/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":true,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5133/pachacuti-inca-yupanqui/","width":480} </script> <p><dfn>Pachacuti <a href="/Inca_Civilization/">Inca</a> Yupanqui</dfn> (often simply Pachacuti or Pachacutec) was the 9th Inca ruler (r. 1438 - 1471 CE) who founded their <a href="/empire/">empire</a> with conquests in the <a href="/Cuzco/">Cuzco</a> Valley and beyond. Pachacuti is also credited with founding the site of <a href="/Machu_Picchu/">Machu Picchu</a>.</p> <p>The Inca ruler's title Pachacuti, which he gave himself on his accession, means 'Reverser of the World' or 'Earth-shaker,' and the same word was used by the <a href="/Inca_Civilization/">Incas</a> to refer to the epoch-changing event or 'turning over of time and space' which they believed occurred regularly through history. An appropriate enough title, then, for a ruler who set his people on the road to prosperity and the creation of an empire which would eventually be the largest ever seen in the Americas.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-1"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_1' class="adcontainer innerwrapper worldhistory_content_mobile_dynamic"> </div> </div> <h3>Rise to Power</h3> <p>According to the semi-legendary early history of the Incas, Pachacuti rose to prominence when their <a href="/war/">war</a>-like neighbours, the Chanca, attacked Cuzco in the early 15th century CE. The Inca ruler at the time, <a href="/Viracocha/">Viracocha</a> Inca, and his son Inca Urco proved ineffectual in meeting this threat and fled the <a href="/city/">city</a>. The young prince Pachacuti (known then as Cusi Yupanki) and a small band of loyal warriors, inspired by a vision of a shining tablet sent by the Sun <a href="/God/">god</a> <a href="/Inti/">Inti</a>, decided to stay and make a stand. Still, things looked desperate and Pachacuti called on the gods to help him more than sending messages of support. This they did by transforming rocks laying about the place into Inca warriors. With this army, Pachacuti kicked the Chanca out of Cuzco. In thanks for this divine help the leader set up the stone warriors (<em>Pururaucas</em>) in sacred shrines around the city.</p><div id="primis_intext"> <div id="3e3744ed-0893-4ec9-8757-582bfa65ad5c"></div> <div id="6b0cd791-ab2c-4669-b35a-8252ddaa7467"></div> <a href="https://link.worldhistory.org/youtube_intext" target="_blank" class="youtube_notice"> <svg role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>YouTube</title><path d="M23.498 6.186a3.016 3.016 0 0 0-2.122-2.136C19.505 3.545 12 3.545 12 3.545s-7.505 0-9.377.505A3.017 3.017 0 0 0 .502 6.186C0 8.07 0 12 0 12s0 3.93.502 5.814a3.016 3.016 0 0 0 2.122 2.136c1.871.505 9.376.505 9.376.505s7.505 0 9.377-.505a3.015 3.015 0 0 0 2.122-2.136C24 15.93 24 12 24 12s0-3.93-.502-5.814zM9.545 15.568V8.432L15.818 12l-6.273 3.568z"></path></svg> Follow us on YouTube!</a> </div> <script> </script> <h3>Building An Empire</h3> <p>Pachacuti was the first Inca ruler to have ambitions beyond Cuzco, and he conquered territories in the Cuzco (Huantanay) Valley and beyond, thus beginning the Inca empire which would grow and last until the Spanish <a href="/warfare/">conquest</a> from 1532 CE. First, all speakers of the Inca language, Quechua, were given citizenship, a privileged status they would enjoy over all conquered peoples and which gave them the right to hold all important government and administrative offices.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-2"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_2' class="adcontainer innerwrapper worldhistory_content_mobile_dynamic"> </div> </div> <div class="big_quote">Pachacuti is credited with introducing the various apparatus of state which would ensure the Incas could continue their regional domination long-term.</div> <p>Moving south-east Pachacuti then conquered the basin of <a href="/Lake_Titicaca/">Lake Titicaca</a>, including the cultures of the Colla and Lupaqa. Pachacuti then retired to Cuzco while his brothers and son, Tupac Inca Yupanqui (with whom he may have co-ruled), were given the task of continuing the conquest of the Andes, perhaps making their first incursions south into Ecuador and the <a href="/Chimu_Civilization/">Chimu civilization</a>. Concentrating on government Pachacuti is credited with introducing the various apparatus of state which would ensure the Incas could continue their regional domination long-term.</p> <h3>Government & Cuzco</h3> <p>The Inca ruler (<em>Sapa</em>) introduced systems of tribute and taxation which were paid by conquered peoples either in the form of goods or labour. These made the Incas unpopular but they were used productively to create an extensive road network linking towns and sacred sites. A system of storage houses (<em>qollqa</em>) were also built and dotted around the empire to ensure a plentiful food supply even in times of low agricultural yield. In an effort to simplify royal succession, Pachacuti instigated the system of a ruler nominating his principal wife from whom heirs to the throne would be drawn. Pachacuti had historians record the important episodes of Inca history on painted tablets, which were then stored for posterity in a building at the capital where no one without authorization might enter. Finally, he fixed the calendar of market days and public holidays.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-3"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_3' class="adcontainer innerwrapper worldhistory_content_dynamic"> </div> </div> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="3544"> <a href="/image/3544/sacsayhuaman-fortifications/" title="Sacsayhuaman Fortifications" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/3544.jpg.webp?v=1706589784 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/3544.jpg.webp?v=1706589784 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/3544.jpg?v=1706589784 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/3544.jpg?v=1706589784 1000w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/3544.jpg?v=1706589784" alt="Sacsayhuaman Fortifications" class="in_text_image" width="500" height="375" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Sacsayhuaman Fortifications</div><div class="figauthor">David Stanley (CC BY)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3544/sacsayhuaman-fortifications/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3544/sacsayhuaman-fortifications/","caption":"The Inca Sacsayhuaman (also Saqsawaman) fortress-temple complex of northern Cuzco, 13th-15th century CE.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/3544.jpg","copyrightNotice":"David Stanley - CC BY - This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"David Stanley"},"creditText":"David Stanley / Wikipedia","dateModified":"2024-11-25T06:07:17+0000","datePublished":"2015-01-21T12:15:14+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Sacsayhuaman Fortifications","height":768,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isBasedOn":{"@type":"CreativeWork","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saqsaywman_Fortress_(7640969348).jpg"},"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3544/sacsayhuaman-fortifications/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3544/sacsayhuaman-fortifications/","width":1024} </script> </p> <p>With his conquests and income made more secure, Pachacuti, perhaps following an inspirational visit to monumental <a href="/Tiwanaku/">Tiwanaku</a>, then set about aggrandising his capital and replacing its many earthen structures with impressively crafted stonework. He drained the northern area of Cuzco and built there a new ceremonial centre and built himself a <a href="/disambiguation/palace/">palace</a> known as Kunturkancha. He also rebuilt the <a href="/temple/">Temple</a> of Inti in the <a href="/Coricancha/">Coricancha</a> complex and started construction of the fortress-like <a href="/Sacsayhuaman/">Sacsayhuaman</a> which would protect the northern approach to Cuzco. Pachacuti built city-temple-fortress sites at other strategically important locations such as Pisac and Ollantaytambo at either end of the Urubamba Valley and many way-stations in the outposts of the empire such as Tambo Colorado on the coast.</p> <h3>Machu Picchu</h3> <p>Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui probably founded Machu Picchu (meaning 'old hill') c. 1450 CE. The purpose of the site is not agreed upon by scholars and may have been a fortress, imperial retreat, a symbol of Inca power for the benefit of conquered locals, or a ceremonial precinct. Perhaps the most likely role was the latter as most of the <a href="/disambiguation/architecture/">architecture</a> was designed for religious purposes, and the site's fortifications may well have been put in place to ensure only a select few could enter this sacred site. In further support of this interpretation, a road was discovered which linked the site to several residential settlements dotted along the valley. The town had capacity for around 1,000 residents at its peak and ranked amongst the most sacred of all sites for the Inca. On the ruler's <a href="/disambiguation/Death/">death</a> the ownership of the site passed to Pachacuti's family successors. The site was abandoned by the Inca shortly before <a href="/Francisco_Pizarro/">Pizarro</a> and the Spanish conquistadors arrived in South America, who never stumbled across it.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="3470"> <a href="/image/3470/machu-picchu-peru/" title="Machu Picchu, Peru" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/3470.jpg.webp?v=1728065654 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/3470.jpg.webp?v=1728065654 1000w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/750x750/3470.jpg.webp?v=1728065654 750w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/3470.jpg.webp?v=1728065654 1500w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/3470.jpg?v=1728065654 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/3470.jpg?v=1728065654 1000w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/750x750/3470.jpg?v=1728065654 750w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1500x1500/3470.jpg?v=1728065654 1500w" type="image/jpeg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/750x750/3470.jpg?v=1728065654" alt="Machu Picchu, Peru" class="in_text_image" width="750" height="422" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Machu Picchu, Peru</div><div class="figauthor">Richard Twigg (CC BY-NC-SA)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3470/machu-picchu-peru/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3470/machu-picchu-peru/","caption":"The Inca site of Machu Picchu built by Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (1438-71 CE). Fortress, sanctuary, and once home to around 1,000 residents, the site is perched in the high Andes above the river Urubamba.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/3470.jpg","copyrightNotice":"Richard Twigg - CC BY-NC-SA - This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","name":"Richard Twigg"},"creditText":"Richard Twigg / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2024-11-25T06:07:17+0000","datePublished":"2015-01-02T15:27:16+0000","encodingFormat":"image/jpeg","headline":"Machu Picchu, Peru","height":2592,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3470/machu-picchu-peru/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3470/machu-picchu-peru/","width":4608} </script> </p> <h3>Death & <a href="/burial/">Burial</a></h3> <p>The Inca ruler died in 1471 CE and, according to his wishes, the Incas mourned for one whole year. They then held a month-long celebration of their great leader during which his personal items were paraded around the corners of the empire, a mock <a href="/disambiguation/battle/">battle</a> was staged at Cuzco, and 2,000 llamas were sacrificed. A thousand more llamas were sacrificed around the empire and, so too, children were sacrificed in all the places that the ruler had visited in his lifetime.</p><div class="ad_Mobile_Intext ahe-ad intext-ad-4"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id='div-adcontainer-AHE_Mobile_Intext_4' class="adcontainer innerwrapper worldhistory_content_dynamic"> </div> </div> <p>Pachacuti was mummified and may have been buried in a shrine known as Patallacta at Kenko (Q'enqo') on the heights above Cuzco. Even after death, the ruler continued to be venerated and his mummy (<em>mallki</em>), along with other past rulers, was regularly given outings into the outside world where it was ritually fed and even, on occasion, 'consulted' in times of political strife. In addition, the Inca's hair and fingernails were incorporated into a sacred statue of him, and Pachacuti's large stone hunting lodge at Tambo Machay, just above Cuzco, was made into a sacred site or <em>huaca</em>. In the official Inca state archives, such were his stature and achievements, that almost all significant developments in statecraft and empire were credited to Pachacuti.</p> <p><figure class="image_intext_wrapper" rel="14113"> <a href="/image/14113/inca-empire---expansion-and-roads/" title="Inca Empire - Expansion and Roads" /> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/14113.png.webp?v=1711554010 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/14113.png.webp?v=1711554010 1000w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/14113.png?v=1711554010 500w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/1000x1200/14113.png?v=1711554010 1000w" type="image/png"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/14113.png?v=1711554010" alt="Inca Empire - Expansion and Roads" class="in_text_image" width="281" height="500" /> </picture> <figcaption class="image_caption"><div class="figtitle">Inca Empire - Expansion and Roads</div><div class="figauthor">Simeon Netchev (CC BY-NC-ND)</div></figcaption> </a> </figure> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14113/inca-empire---expansion-and-roads/#imageobject","@type":"ImageObject","acquireLicensePage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14113/inca-empire---expansion-and-roads/","caption":"A map illustrating the various phases of expansion of the Inca Empire from its origins in the 13th century until the 16th century.","contentUrl":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/14113.png","copyrightNotice":"Simeon Netchev - CC BY-NC-ND - This licence only allows others to download this content and share it with others as long as the author is credited, but they can't change the content in any way or use it commercially. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included.","creator":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/simeonnetchev/#person","name":"Simeon Netchev","url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/user/simeonnetchev/","sameAs":["https://www.linkedin.com/in/simeon-netchev/"],"image":"https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/profile_photos/150-simeonnetchev.jpg","description":"Simeon is a freelance visual designer and history teacher passionate about the human stories behind past events. He believes every image should tell a story and spark interaction, while each map leads on a journey, blending imagination with education.","jobTitle":"Graphic Designer","worksFor":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization"},"creditText":"Simeon Netchev / World History Encyclopedia","dateModified":"2024-11-25T06:07:17+0000","datePublished":"2021-05-27T14:06:41+0000","encodingFormat":"image/png","headline":"Inca Empire - Expansion and Roads","height":5035,"isAccessibleForFree":true,"isFamilyFriendly":true,"isPartOf":"https://www.worldhistory.org#website","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14113/inca-empire---expansion-and-roads/","publisher":"https://www.worldhistory.org#organization","representativeOfPage":false,"url":"https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14113/inca-empire---expansion-and-roads/","width":2829} </script> </p> <p>Tupac Inca Yupanqui took over as <em>Sapa Inca</em> and continued his father's imperial plans, eventually doubling the size of the empire. In 1559 CE the Spanish discovered Pachacuti's mummy, which had been secretly hidden by the Incas following the conquest. It was sent to Lima by Juan Polo de Ondegardo but was lost in transit or perhaps simply destroyed like so many other symbols of Inca <a href="/disambiguation/culture/">culture</a>.</p> </article> <div id="ci_rating_wrapper"> <div class="rating_label filter_label">Did you like this definition?</div> <div id="ci_rating_buttons_wrapper"> <div class="rating_button up base" data-rating="1"></div> <div class="rating_button down base" data-rating="-1"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sections_below_links"> <p> <a href="/interestemails/?tags=Coricancha+Cuzco+Inca_Government+Inca_Warfare+Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui" class="topic_subscribe outline_button below_article">Subscribe to topic</a> <a href="#ci_related_content_outer_wrapper" class="outline_button">Related Content</a> <a href="#books_preview" class="outline_button">Books</a> <a href="#citation_info" class="outline_button">Cite This Work</a> <a href="#ci_author_and_copyright" class="outline_button">License</a> </p> </div> <div class="editorial_review_notice"> <span class="editorial_review_header">Editorial Review</span> This article has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our <a href="/static/editorial-policy/">editorial policy</a>. </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="ad_Flexi_BottomLeft ahe-ad"> <a href="/membership/?utm_source=whe&utm_medium=remove_ads_button_en&utm_campaign=membership" class="ad_membership_notice" rel="nofollow">Remove Ads</a> <div class="ad_header">Advertisement</div>  <div id="div-adcontainer-AHE_Flexi_BottomLeft" class="adcontainer worldhistory_below_content"> </div> </div> <style> .map_container.il { border: none; } .map_container h3 { text-align: center; } </style> <div id="references"> <h2>Bibliography</h2> <ul id="reference_list" class="ref_list bibliography"> <li id="bibID__791b9f2f8ad700af627b4aa204cb8e2b"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/B003F9528I/" rel="sponsored">Alden Mason, J. <i>Ancient Civilizations of Peru.</i> Viking Penguin, 1975.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__5ac9681e0457e23d9e0f7e5d71d8201a"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0486428001/" rel="sponsored">Baudin, L. <i>Daily Life of the Incas.</i> Dover Publications, 2011.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__4f1a50dd12725fdd8707821bf586d867"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/1444331159/" rel="sponsored">D'Altroy, T.N. <i>The Incas.</i> Wiley-Blackwell, 2014.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__8e0aa58c84669802e64d68adc27eacd3"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/1844763382/" rel="sponsored">Jones, D.M. <i>Mythology of the Incas.</i> Southwater, 2007.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__95ed505a5bf822ffcd90cc88a1f7d825"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0500282773/" rel="sponsored">Moseley, M.E. <i>The Incas and Their Ancestors.</i> Thames & Hudson, 2001.</a></cite> </li> <li id="bibID__e5ea265cd12f0d2cbdf211a8813fd2ea"> <cite class="bib_text"><a href="/books/0500204152/" rel="sponsored">Stone, R.R. <i>Art of the Andes脙颅n to Inca.</i> Thames & Hudson, 2012.</a></cite> </li> </ul> <div class="book_promo_wrapper"></div> <span class="light affiliate_notice">World History Encyclopedia is an Amazon Associate and earns a commission on qualifying book purchases.</span> <div id="books_rec"> </div> <script> jsQueue(()=>{ $("ul.bibliography").sortList(); }); </script> </div> <div class="user_short_bio_wrapper"> <a href="/interestemails/?author=markzcartwright" class="headline_button" rel="nofollow">Subscribe to this author</a> <h2>About the Author</h2> <div class="user_short_bio"> <div class="left_col"> </div> <div class="right_col"> <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="nofollow" title="Mark Cartwright"><img data-src="/uploads/profile_photos/150-markzcartwright.JPG?v=1588174056" width="100" height="100" alt="Mark Cartwright" class="avatar_image" /></a> <div class="user_name"> <a href="/user/markzcartwright/" rel="author" title="Mark Cartwright">Mark Cartwright</a> </div> <div class="short_bio_text"> Mark is a full-time writer, researcher, historian, and editor. 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class="ci_type_10 ci_rel_type ">Teaching Materials<span class="ci_rel_type_count">7</span></div> </div> <div id="ci_related_content"> <div class="ci_related_content_wrapper ci_two_cols three_cols"> <div class="columns"> <a href="/Inca_Civilization/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-12495"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/2331.jpg.webp?v=1727223124 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/2331.jpg.webp?v=1727223124 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/2331.jpg?v=1727223124 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/2331.jpg?v=1727223124 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/2331.jpg?v=1727223124" width="360" height="202" alt="Inca Civilization" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Inca Civilization</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> The Inca civilization flourished in ancient Peru between c. 1400... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Cuzco/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-12510"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/5388.jpg.webp?v=1730337365 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/5388.jpg.webp?v=1730337365 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/5388.jpg?v=1730337365 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/5388.jpg?v=1730337365 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/5388.jpg?v=1730337365" width="360" height="202" alt="Cusco" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Cusco</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> Cuzco (also Cusco or Qosqo) was the religious and administrative... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Coricancha/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-12513"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/2364.jpg.webp?v=1731961454 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/2364.jpg.webp?v=1731961454 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/2364.jpg?v=1731961454 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/2364.jpg?v=1731961454 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/2364.jpg?v=1731961454" width="360" height="202" alt="Coricancha" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Coricancha</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> The religious complex of Coricancha (Qorikancha) in the Inca capital... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/Inca_Religion/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_1 " id="1-14408"> <picture> <source 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https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/3016.jpg.webp?v=1723501024 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/3016.jpg?v=1723501024 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/3016.jpg?v=1723501024 720w" type="image/jpg"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/3016.jpg?v=1723501024" width="360" height="202" alt="Inca Government" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__1"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Definition </div> <h3>Inca Government</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> The centre of Inca power was the capital Cuzco, considered the... </div> </div> </a> <a href="/article/915/pizarro--the-fall-of-the-inca-empire/" class="content_item ci_related_item ci_type_2 " id="2-915"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/14113.png.webp?v=1711554010 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/14113.png.webp?v=1711554010 720w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/14113.png?v=1711554010 360w, https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/720x404/14113.png?v=1711554010 720w" type="image/png"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/14113.png?v=1711554010" width="360" height="202" alt="Pizarro & the Fall of the Inca Empire" class="ci_image " /> </picture> <div class="ci_preview_content"> <div class="ci_header type__2"> <div class="ci_type_name"> Article </div> <h3>Pizarro & the Fall of the Inca Empire</h3> </div> <div class="ci_preview"> In 1533 CE the Inca Empire was the largest in the world. 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(2016, July 18). <a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui/" class="no_external">Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui</a>. <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui/ </p> </div> </div> <div class="citation_chicago"> <h4>Chicago Style</h4> <div class="citation_details citation_style"> <p> Cartwright, Mark. "<a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui/" class="no_external">Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui</a>." <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. Last modified July 18, 2016. https://www.worldhistory.org/Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui/. </p> </div> </div> <div class="citation_mla citation_style"> <h4>MLA Style</h4> <div class="citation_details"> <p> Cartwright, Mark. "<a href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Pachacuti_Inca_Yupanqui/" class="no_external">Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui</a>." <i>World History Encyclopedia</i>. World History Encyclopedia, 18 Jul 2016. 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