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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Undermining the authority of Ibn Saud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undermining_the_authority_of_Ibn_Saud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_revolt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_revolt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Open revolt</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Open_revolt-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Open revolt subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Open_revolt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Sabilla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Sabilla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Battle of Sabilla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Sabilla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Jabal_Shammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Jabal_Shammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Battle of Jabal Shammar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Jabal_Shammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attack_on_Awazim_tribe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attack_on_Awazim_tribe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Attack on Awazim tribe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attack_on_Awazim_tribe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_accords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_accords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Final accords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_accords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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.desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Ikhwan revolt</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Unification of Saudi Arabia">Unification of Saudi Arabia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_ikhwan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_ikhwan.jpg/280px-Flag_of_ikhwan.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_ikhwan.jpg/420px-Flag_of_ikhwan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_ikhwan.jpg/560px-Flag_of_ikhwan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2130" data-file-height="1486" /></a></span><br />Flag of Ikhwan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1927–1930</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd" title="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd">Nejd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> End of the ikhwan movement</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ikhwan" title="Ikhwan">Ikhwan</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otaibah" title="Otaibah">Otaibah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutayr" title="Mutayr">Mutayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajman_(tribe)" title="Ajman (tribe)">Ajman</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><b><span data-sort-value="Hejaz and Nejd"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd" title="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd">Hejaz and Nejd</a></span></b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Al_Saud_dynasty.svg/23px-Flag_of_Al_Saud_dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Al_Saud_dynasty.svg/35px-Flag_of_Al_Saud_dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Al_Saud_dynasty.svg/45px-Flag_of_Al_Saud_dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">House of Saud</a></li> <li>Allied Arab clans</li></ul> <hr /> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Iraq"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">Iraq</a></span></li> <li>Allied Arab clans</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ikhwan" title="Ikhwan"><img alt="Ikhwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Faisal_al-Duwaish" title="Faisal al-Duwaish">Faisal bin Sultan</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ikhwan" title="Ikhwan"><img alt="Ikhwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_bin_Bajad_al-Otaybi" title="Sultan bin Bajad al-Otaybi">Sultan bin Bajad</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ikhwan" title="Ikhwan"><img alt="Ikhwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ikhwan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meqaid_al-Duhainah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meqaid al-Duhainah (page does not exist)">Meqaid al-Duhainah</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd" title="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd"><img alt="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud" title="Ibn Saud">Abdulaziz al-Saud</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd" title="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd"><img alt="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fawzi_al-Qawuqji" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji">Fawzi al-Qawuqji</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd" title="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd"><img alt="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">Faisal bin Abdulaziz</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd" title="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd"><img alt="Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mubarak_Al_Azmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mubarak Al Azmi (page does not exist)">Mubarak Al Azmi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq"><img alt="Mandatory Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Faisal I</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait_1921-1940.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="216" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah" title="Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah">Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 47,000<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 30,000<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 500 in Battle of Sabilla<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />450 in Jabal Shammar</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 200 in Battle of Sabilla<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />500 in Jabal Shammar</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> About 100 killed in the raids<br />700 killed in Sabilla<br />1,000 killed in Jabal Shammar<br />250 killed in raid on Awazim tribe<br /><b>2,000 killed in total</b><sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_raid_on_Awazim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikhwan raid on Awazim (page does not exist)">Awazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hafr_al-Batin" title="Battle of Hafr al-Batin">Hafr al-Batin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Template:Campaignbox Unification of Saudi Arabia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Unification of Saudi Arabia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Unification of Saudi Arabia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span style="font-size:94%;"><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Unification of Saudi Arabia"><span class="wrap">Unification of Saudi Arabia</span></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="font-size:98%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Saudi%E2%80%93Rashidi_War_(1903%E2%80%931907)" title="First Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907)">First Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Riyadh_(1902)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Riyadh (1902)">Riyadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dilam" title="Battle of Dilam">Dilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Unaizah_(1904)" title="Battle of Unaizah (1904)">Unaizah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Buraidah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Buraidah (page does not exist)">Buraidah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bukayriyya" title="Battle of al-Bukayriyya">al-Bukayriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shinanah_(1904)" title="Battle of Shinanah (1904)">Shinanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rawdat_Muhanna" title="Battle of Rawdat Muhanna">Rawdat Muhanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarafiyah_(1907)" title="Battle of Tarafiyah (1907)">Tarafiyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hadia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Hadia (page does not exist)">Hadia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:معركة هدية">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_al-Hasa" title="Conquest of al-Hasa">al-Hasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Saudi-Rashidi_War_(1915%E2%80%931918)" title="Second Saudi-Rashidi War (1915–1918)">Second Saudi-Rashidi War (1915–1918)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jarrab" title="Battle of Jarrab">Jarrab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kanzan" title="Battle of Kanzan">Kanzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khurma_dispute" title="Al-Khurma dispute">al-Khurma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hajla_(1920)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Hajla (1920) (page does not exist)">Hajla</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7" class="extiw" title="ar:معركة حجلا">ar</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hurmula_(1921)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Hurmula (1921) (page does not exist)">Hurmula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Ha%27il" title="Conquest of Ha'il">Ha'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Najd_War" title="Kuwait–Najd War">1st Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhwan_raids_on_Transjordan" title="Ikhwan raids on Transjordan">Transjordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_conquest_of_Hejaz" title="Saudi conquest of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1928_Ikhwan_raid_on_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1928 Ikhwan raid on Kuwait (page does not exist)">2nd Kuwait</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ikhwan revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Proclamation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia">Official proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Yemeni_war_(1934)" title="Saudi–Yemeni war (1934)">Yemen</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Ikhwan revolt</b> was an uprising in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> from 1927 to 1930 led by the <a href="/wiki/Ikhwan" title="Ikhwan">Ikhwan</a>. It began in 1927, when the tribesmen of the <a href="/wiki/Otaibah" title="Otaibah">Otaibah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mutayr" title="Mutayr">Mutayr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ajman_(tribe)" title="Ajman (tribe)">Ajman</a> rebelled against the authority of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud" title="Ibn Saud">Ibn Saud</a> and engaged in cross-border raids into parts of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Iraq" title="Mandatory Iraq">Mandatory Iraq</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sheikhdom_of_Kuwait" title="Sheikhdom of Kuwait">Sheikhdom of Kuwait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relationship between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">House of Saud</a> and the Ikhwan deteriorated into an open bloody feud in December 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main instigators of the rebellion were defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabilla" title="Battle of Sabilla">Battle of Sabilla</a>, on 29 March 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ikhwan tribesmen and troops loyal to Abdulaziz <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jabal_Shammar_(1929)" title="Battle of Jabal Shammar (1929)">clashed</a> again in the <a href="/wiki/Shammar_Mountains" title="Shammar Mountains">Jabal Shammar</a> region in August 1929,<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ikhwan tribesmen attacked the Awazim tribe on 5 October 1929. <a href="/wiki/Faisal_al-Duwaish" title="Faisal al-Duwaish">Faisal al-Duwaish</a>, the main leader of the rebellion and the Mutair tribe, fled to Kuwait in October 1929 before being detained by the British and handed over to Ibn Saud.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Duwaish would die in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> on 3 October 1931 from an apparent heart condition.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Government troops had finally suppressed the rebellion on 10 January 1930, when other Ikhwan rebel leaders surrendered to the British.<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath, the Ikhwan leadership was slain,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the remains were eventually incorporated into regular Saudi units. <a href="/wiki/Sultan_bin_Bajad_al-Otaybi" title="Sultan bin Bajad al-Otaybi">Sultan bin Bajad</a>, one of the three main Ikhwan leaders, was killed in 1931, while Al-Duwaish died in prison in Riyadh on 3 October 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Unification of Saudi Arabia">Unification of Saudi Arabia</a></div> <p>At the beginning of the 20th century, Arabia was an arena of tribal wars, which had eventually led to unification under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Saud">Al Saud</a>. The main tool for achieving these conquests was the <a href="/wiki/Ikhwan" title="Ikhwan">Ikhwan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wahhabist" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahhabist">Wahhabist</a>-<a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> tribal army led by Sultan bin Bajad and Faisal Al Dawish.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the Arabia core in Nejd, and aided by the <a href="/wiki/Partitioning_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire">collapse of the Ottoman Empire</a> after the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the Ikhwan had completed the conquest of the territory that was to become Saudi Arabia by the end of 1925. On 10 January 1926 Abdulaziz declared himself King of the Hejaz and, then, on 27 January 1927 he took the title of King of Nejd (his previous title had been 'Sultan'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Undermining_the_authority_of_Ibn_Saud">Undermining the authority of Ibn Saud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Undermining the authority of Ibn Saud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ikhwan_raid_on_Busayya" title="Ikhwan raid on Busayya">Ikhwan raid on Busayya</a></div> <p>After the conquest of the Hejaz, some Ikhwan leaders wanted to continue the expansion of the Wahhabist realm into the British protectorates of <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a>, Iraq and Kuwait. The tribesmen had already tried to gain territory in the <a href="/wiki/Kuwait-Najd_Border_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwait-Najd Border War">Kuwait-Najd Border War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ikhwan_raids_on_Transjordan" title="Ikhwan raids on Transjordan">raids on Transjordan</a>, but they suffered heavy casualties. Defying Ibn Saud, elements of the Ikhwan, mainly consisting of the Mutair tribe under al-Dawish, launched a raid on southern Iraq on 5 November 1927, clashing with Iraqi troops near Busaiya, resulting in some 20 casualties on both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the reasons for the revolt was the establishment of a police fort in Busaiya.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elements of the Ikhwan also raided Kuwait in January 1928. On both occasions, they looted camels and sheep. Though they raided brutally, they suffered heavy retaliation from the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) and Kuwaitis.<sup id="cite_ref-wilson45_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilson45-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to settle the issue, a meeting, Al Jam'iyah Al 'Umumiyah (the General Assembly or the Al Riyadh Conference), was held by Ibn Saud in Riyadh in November 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-talal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-talal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The participants were 800 individuals including several tribe and clan leaders who were part of the Ikhwan and significant members of religious body or ulema.<sup id="cite_ref-talal_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-talal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1929, an Ikhwan raid on the Sheikhdom of Kuwait resulted in the killing of an American missionary, Dr. Bilkert, who was traveling by car with another American, the philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Richard_Crane" title="Charles Richard Crane">Charles Crane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leatherdale95_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leatherdale95-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With no signs of Ibn Saud mobilizing his forces to rein in the Ikhwan and stop the raids, RAF resources were extended to Kuwait.<sup id="cite_ref-leatherdale95_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leatherdale95-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Open_revolt">Open revolt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Open revolt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ibn Saud, however, refused to agree to the wild Ikhwani raids. Although the Ikhwan had been taught that all non-Wahabbis were infidels, Abdul-Aziz was well aware that the few parts of central Arabia not part of his realm had treaties with London. He himself had just won British recognition as an independent ruler only a year earlier and recognized the danger of a direct conflict with the British. The Ikhwan therefore openly revolted in December 1928. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Sabilla">Battle of Sabilla</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle of Sabilla"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ikhwan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ikhwan.jpg/280px-Ikhwan.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ikhwan.jpg/420px-Ikhwan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ikhwan.jpg/560px-Ikhwan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1597" /></a><figcaption>Ikhwan Army</figcaption></figure> <p>The largest confrontation of the parties occurred in 1929, known as <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sabilla" title="Battle of Sabilla">Battle of Sabilla</a>, where the Ikhwan leadership were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle started in the early hours on 31 March 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-talal_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-talal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lasted only for one hour due to evident superiority of forces of Ibn Saud.<sup id="cite_ref-talal_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-talal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Battle of Sabilla was the last major battle of camel raiders, thus having historic importance. It had become a scene of carnage for the technologically mediocre Ikhwan against the cavalry and machine-guns of Ibn Saud's army. In the aftermath of the battle some 500 Ikhwan tribesmen died, whereas Ibn Saud's losses were about 200.<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Jabal_Shammar">Battle of Jabal Shammar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle of Jabal Shammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jabal_Shammar_(1929)" title="Battle of Jabal Shammar (1929)">Battle of Jabal Shammar (1929)</a></div> <p>Ikhwan-affiliated tribesmen and loyal Saudi troops clashed again in the <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Shammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a> region in August 1929, resulting in the deaths of some 1,000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attack_on_Awazim_tribe">Attack on Awazim tribe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Attack on Awazim tribe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite their losses, the remnant of the Ikhwan tribesmen went on with their rebellion by attacking the Awazim tribe in Arabia on 5 October 1929, resulting in the deaths of some 250 individuals. eventually ending the Ikhwan regime </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_accords">Final accords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Final accords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Faisal Al Dawish fled to Kuwait in October 1929, and government troops finally suppressed the rebellion on 10 January 1930, when Ikhwan rebel leaders surrendered to the British.<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a></div> <p>In the aftermath, the Ikhwan leadership was slain,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the remains were eventually incorporated into regular Saudi units. Sultan bin Bajad, one of the main Ikhwan leaders, was killed in 1931,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> whereas Faisal Al Dawish died in prison in Riyadh on 3 October 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1932, the two kingdoms of Hejaz and Nejd were united as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-narrative_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adwan_Rebellion" title="Adwan Rebellion">Adwan Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura_rebellion" title="Kura rebellion">Kura rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935%E2%80%931936_Iraqi_Shia_revolts" title="1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts">1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Saudi_Arabia" title="List of wars involving Saudi Arabia">List of wars involving Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-narrative-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-narrative_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.uca.edu/markm/tpi_narrative_middleeast.htm">University of Central Arkansas, Middle East/North Africa/Persian Gulf Region</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold, Dickson. [Kuwait and her Neighbors], "George Allen & Unwin Ltd", 1956. pp. 300–302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/542650/Battle-of-Sibilla">"Battle of Sibilla (Arabian history)"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. 29 March 1929<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Sibilla+%28Arabian+history%29&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1929-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F542650%2FBattle-of-Sibilla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIkhwan+revolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dickson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilfred Thesiger. (1991). 'Arabian Sands' by Wilfred Thesiger, pp. 248-249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibnsaud.info/main/020.htm">King Abdul Aziz Information Resource</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110113190212/http://www.ibnsaud.info/main/020.htm">Archived</a> 13 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved 19 January 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilfred Thesiger. (1991). 'Arabian Sands'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Silverfarb1982" class="citation journal cs1">Daniel Silverfarb (May 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40105200.pdf">"Great Britain, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia: The Revolt of the Ikhwan, 1927-1930"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The International History Review</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 228. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105200">40105200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+History+Review&rft.atitle=Great+Britain%2C+Iraq%2C+and+Saudi+Arabia%3A+The+Revolt+of+the+Ikhwan%2C+1927-1930&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=228&rft.date=1982-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40105200%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Daniel+Silverfarb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fpdf%2F40105200.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIkhwan+revolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wilson45-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wilson45_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter W. Wilson, Douglas Graham. (1994). <i>Saudi Arabia: the coming storm </i>. M.E.Sharpe: p.45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-talal-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-talal_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-talal_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-talal_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-talal_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalal_Sha'yfan_Muslat_Al_Azma1999" class="citation thesis cs1">Talal Sha'yfan Muslat Al Azma (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1472/1/1472.pdf"><i>The role of the Ikhwan under 'Abdul'Aziz Al Sa'ud 1916-1934</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). Durham University. pp. 180–211<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+role+of+the+Ikhwan+under+%27Abdul%27Aziz+Al+Sa%27ud+1916-1934&rft.degree=PhD&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Talal+Sha%27yfan+Muslat+Al+Azma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetheses.dur.ac.uk%2F1472%2F1%2F1472.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIkhwan+revolt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leatherdale95-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leatherdale95_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leatherdale95_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leatherdale, Clive. <i>Britain and Saudi Arabia, 1925–1939: the Imperial Oasis</i>. p.115.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&oldid=1251500846">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_revolt&oldid=1251500846</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1927_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:1927 in Saudi Arabia">1927 in Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1928_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:1928 in Saudi Arabia">1928 in Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1929_in_Asia" title="Category:1929 in Asia">1929 in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1930_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:1930 in Saudi Arabia">1930 in Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Wars involving Saudi Arabia">Wars involving Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1927" title="Category:Conflicts in 1927">Conflicts in 1927</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1928" title="Category:Conflicts in 1928">Conflicts in 1928</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1929" title="Category:Conflicts in 1929">Conflicts in 1929</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1930" title="Category:Conflicts in 1930">Conflicts in 1930</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabian_rebels" title="Category:Saudi Arabian rebels">Saudi Arabian rebels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ikhwan" title="Category:Ikhwan">Ikhwan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2017">Articles with dead external links from November 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2024">Use dmy dates from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2011" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 October 2024, at 13:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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