Contact | Open science | Springer Nature

<!DOCTYPE html>      <html class="no-js">  <html lang="en"> <head>  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.googleapis.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//rum-static.pingdom.net" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//global.localizecdn.com" /> <title>Contact | Open science | Springer Nature</title>  <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"page.attributes.template":"sn","page.category.pageType":"content-page","visitor.organizationName":"Not found"}); </script> <script src="https://cmp.springernature.com/production_live/en/consent-bundle-49-latest.js"></script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://collect.springernature.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MJMGSX6');</script> <meta content="IE=edge" httpEquiv="X-UA-Compatible" /><meta name="description" content=" Contact us for publishing and journal-related queries, questions about open access books, open data support, funding support service and hybrid publication. Alternatively contact us for information about institutional partnerships." /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="google-site-verification" content="-JVT1U_ajuWw1CQxHC7kxyRa1t7fK3Uv7Y7muf43JpY" /><meta name="google-site-verification" content="pGgCxItPY8TaGQGZyJMzlIgvAnqoYOm7gmkiLqEltR8" /><meta property="fb:pages" content="341168879741, 143932312346551, 199235833463190, 145327659223282, 304238573037854, 346209515556394, 99912541035, 108064145914608, 370429855420, 170400356321916, 273358886101252, 370987992963178, 1565916643629420, 424373190938938, 152586274808123, 152749531404582, 274648772592090, 168287986591458, 284820978207661, 121336764582486, 174395066291972, 124330454291947, 58364190265, 114336798618606, 177450032338982, 460115770673632, 526326927441845, 401070179903991, 35223474166, 2055004118104490, 227993570999679, 121053321387843, 146393288729580" /><link rel="canonical" href="/gp/open-science/contact" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/fr/open-science/contact" hreflang="fr" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/de/open-science/contact" hreflang="de" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-science/contact" hreflang="en" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/la/open-science/contact" hreflang="es" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/cn/open-science/contact" hreflang="zh" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/jp/open-science/contact" hreflang="ja" /><link rel="alternate" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-science/contact" hreflang="x-default" /> <script> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); </script> <script data-cc-script="C02" data-src="https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/8201881679.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">const cm10 = false;</script>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians.css?r=0.201.0" media="not print">    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/app-sn/public/stylesheets/librarians/librarians-print.css?r=0.201.0" media="print"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" /><link rel="manifest" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/manifest.json" /><link rel="mask-icon" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#f0f4f7" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/app-sn/public/favicon/favicon.ico" /><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#8eadbf" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/app-sn/public/favicon/mstile-144x144.png" /><meta name="msapplication-config" content="/app-sn/public/favicon/browserconfig.xml" /><meta name="theme-color" content="#f0f4f7" /> </head> <body class="type-page lang-gp"> <div class="cms-renderer-page-wrapper overflow-x-hidden"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MJMGSX6&gtm_auth=cZTeqdqElxH4zSLvrFnPig&gtm_preview=env-1&gtm_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div id="" class="has-no-image collection collection-page item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div id="cheader" class="collection collection-page-grid-row item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"><div id="" class="collection collection-header item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="logo-meta"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-0 header-title medium-8 large-8"> <a href="/gp" title="Springer Nature" class="logo"><img onerror="this.src='/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svg';this.onerror=null;" src="/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.svg" alt="Springer Nature" /></a> </div> <div class="columns small-8 header-title logo-mobile"> <a href="/gp" title="Springer Nature" class="logo"><img onerror="this.src='/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svg';this.onerror=null;" src="/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature-mobile.svg" alt="Springer Nature" /></a> </div> <div class="columns small-2 medium-2 large-1"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns small-4 medium-4 large-1 navigation-header-2-items"> <div id="c15163390" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-header-2-links item-2 item-2-3 even-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Header 2 links" class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-2-links--listwrap" id="search"><div id="c15163392" class="action-search teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="search-root link-menu-root core"> <div class="search-menu link-menu"><div class="link-menu-label">Search</div></div> <div class="link-menu-panel search-panel expandable"> <div class="row column search-form"> <form id="searchForm" action="/gp/find" class="input-append large-8 large-centered small-11 small-centered medium-10 medium-centered"> <input type="search" aria-label="search" title="search" autocomplete="off" id="queryString" name="queryString" placeholder="Search" value="" autofocus="autofocus" class="text" /> <input type="hidden" name="pageNumber" value="1" /> <button id="searchButton" type="submit" class="search-button"><div class="search-button-label">Search</div></button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="columns small-0 medium-0 large-2 navigation-languages"> <div id="c12147342" class="collection collection-navigation-languages item-3 item-3-3 last-item end odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="link-menu-root core"> <div class="link-menu"> <div class="link-menu-label richtext-default">EN</div> </div> <div class="link-menu-panel"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="lang-cn" data-mh="12147342"><div id="c15094194" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-2 item-2-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/cn" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - CN (Chinese) - https://www.springernature.com/cn">CN (Chinese)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="DE" data-mh="12147342"><div id="c15256816" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-3 item-3-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/de" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - DE (German) - https://www.springernature.com/de">DE (German)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="cn" data-mh="12147342"><div id="c15986850" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-4 item-4-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/la" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - ES (Spanish) - https://www.springernature.com/la">ES (Spanish)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="FR" data-mh="12147342"><div id="c12147348" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-5 item-5-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/fr" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - FR (Français) - https://www.springernature.com/fr">FR (Français)</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-languages--listwrap" id="ru" data-mh="12147342"><div id="c15094188" class="teaser teaser-navigation-language item-6 item-6-6 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://www.springernature.com/jp" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-language - JP (Japanese) - https://www.springernature.com/jp">JP (Japanese) </a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="columns small-0 medium-0 large-2 navigation-header-login"> </div> <div class="meta"> <div class="menu icon"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="c12213910" class="collection-navigation-header--style-theme-blue collection collection-navigation-header item-1 item-1-3 odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1"><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="authors"><div id="c12213912" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-root-menu collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-1 item-1-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/gp/open-science" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/gp/open-science" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">Open science</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-1"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="12213912"><div id="c12211758" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-colored-links collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147380" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-neutral teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Home - /gp">Home</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12211734" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-emerald teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/products" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Products - /gp/products">Products</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12213908" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Open science - /gp/open-science">Open science</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12211732" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-4 item-4-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/authors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Authors - /gp/authors">Authors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147358" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-5 item-5-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/editors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Editors - /gp/editors">Editors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147374" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-6 item-6-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/reviewers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Peer Reviewers - /gp/reviewers">Peer Reviewers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15128638" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-7 item-7-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Policies - /gp/policies">Policies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12211730" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-orange teaser teaser-navigation-full item-8 item-8-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Librarians - /gp/librarians">Librarians</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c19250658" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-green teaser teaser-navigation-full item-9 item-9-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/booksellers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Booksellers - /gp/booksellers">Booksellers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147376" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-lilac teaser teaser-navigation-full item-10 item-10-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/societies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Societies - /gp/societies">Societies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147382" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-lime teaser teaser-navigation-full item-11 item-11-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/partners" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Partners - /gp/partners">Partners</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147378" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-neutral teaser teaser-navigation-full item-12 item-12-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/shop" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Shop - /gp/shop">Shop</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12279240" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-13 item-13-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/advancing-discovery" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - What we do - /gp/advancing-discovery">What we do</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12147360" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-neutral teaser teaser-navigation-full item-14 item-14-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/contact" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Contact - /gp/contact">Contact</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27718490" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-15 item-15-18"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>-------</p></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12270944" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-16 item-16-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Corporate Site ↗ - /gp/group">Corporate Site ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c27718494" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-17 item-17-18"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/media" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Media Centre ↗ - /gp/group/media">Media Centre ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c14237826" class="teaser-navigation-full--style-theme-blue teaser teaser-navigation-full item-18 item-18-18 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/careers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Careers ↗ - /gp/group/careers">Careers ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="About open science"><div id="c15031476" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-default collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-2 item-2-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/gp/open-science/about" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/gp/open-science/about" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">About open science</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-3"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="new-content-item" data-mh="15031476"><div id="c15031472" class="collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c18177078" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Fundamentals of open research - /gp/open-science/about/the-fundamentals-of-open-access-and-open-research">Fundamentals of open research</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15031468" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/about/green-or-gold-routes-to-oa" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Gold or Green routes to open research - /gp/open-science/about/green-or-gold-routes-to-oa">Gold or Green routes to open research</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="new-content-item" data-mh="15031476"><div id="c15031470" class="collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15031456" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/about/benefits" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Benefits of open research - /gp/open-science/about/benefits">Benefits of open research</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15031464" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/about/timeline" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Open research timeline - /gp/open-science/about/timeline">Open research timeline</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="new-content-item" data-mh="15031476"><div id="c15031484" class="collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c18177082" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/about/whitepapers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Whitepapers - /gp/open-science/about/whitepapers">Whitepapers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15087260" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/contact" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Contact us - /gp/open-science/contact">Contact us</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15067140" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/about" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - About overview - /gp/open-science/about">About overview</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="OA Journals & books"><div id="c15005484" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-default collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-3 item-3-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/gp/open-science/journals-books" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/gp/open-science/journals-books" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">OA Journals & books</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-2"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="15005484"><div id="c15005662" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15005506" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/journals-books/journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Journals - /gp/open-science/journals-books/journals">Journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15058538" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/journals-books/journal-pricing-faqs" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Journal pricing FAQs - /gp/open-science/journals-books/journal-pricing-faqs">Journal pricing FAQs</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="15005484"><div id="c15005670" class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--style-one-title collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15005508" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/journals-books/books" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Books - /gp/open-science/journals-books/books">Books</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15048482" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/journals-books/books/publish" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Publishing an OA book - /gp/open-science/journals-books/books/publish">Publishing an OA book</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15067144" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/journals-books" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Journals & books overview - /gp/open-science/journals-books">Journals & books overview</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="Funding & support"><div id="c14238102" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-default collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-4 item-4-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/gp/open-science/funding" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/gp/open-science/funding" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">Funding & support</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-2"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="new-content-item" data-mh="14238102"><div id="c14954494" class="collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c14238104" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/funding/articles" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - OA article funding - /gp/open-science/funding/articles">OA article funding</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15387600" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/funding/journal-oa-guidance" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Article OA funding and policy guidance - /gp/open-science/funding/journal-oa-guidance">Article OA funding and policy guidance</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="" data-mh="14238102"><div id="c15387596" class="collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c14238110" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/funding/books" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - OA book funding - /gp/open-science/funding/books">OA book funding</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15387602" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/funding/book-oa-guidance" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Book OA funding and policy guidance - /gp/open-science/funding/book-oa-guidance">Book OA funding and policy guidance</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15067146" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/funding" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Funding & support overview - /gp/open-science/funding">Funding & support overview</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id=""><div id="c16818386" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-5 item-5-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/oa-agreements" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Open access agreements - /gp/open-science/oa-agreements">Open access agreements</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id=""><div id="c14238086" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/open-data" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Data - /gp/open-science/open-data">Data</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header--listwrap column" id="policies"><div id="c15067106" class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--style-default collection collection-navigation-header-level-2 item-7 item-7-7 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="#/gp/open-science/policies" class="link flap--mobile " data-section-link="/gp/open-science/policies" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav">Open science policies</a> <div> <ul class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-2"><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="new-content-item" data-mh="15067106"><div id="c14954500" class="collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c14954514" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/policies/journal-policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Springer Nature journal policies - /gp/open-science/policies/journal-policies">Springer Nature journal policies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15163306" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/policies/journal-policies/apc-waiver-countries" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - APC waivers and discounts - /gp/open-science/policies/journal-policies/apc-waiver-countries">APC waivers and discounts</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-2--listwrap column" id="new-content-item" data-mh="15067106"><div id="c15067108" class="collection collection-navigation-header-level-3 item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c14954512" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-2"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/policies/book-policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Springer Nature book policies - /gp/open-science/policies/book-policies">Springer Nature book policies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-header-level-3--listwrap" id=""><div id="c15067136" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-2 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science/policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-mainnav" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Publication policies overview - /gp/open-science/policies">Publication policies overview</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c-row-2" class="collection collection-page-grid-row item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"><div id="cmain" class="has-no-image collection collection-page-grid-placement item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div style="data-background-image:url("https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/15086634/data/v2");background-color:#0070a8;" id="c15017358" class="has-background-image has-background-color has-no-icon teaser teaser-stage-3 item-1 item-1-5 odd-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <div class="row"> <div class="column small-12 large-8"> <div data-mh="15017358" class="text-group"> <div class=" link-button"><a href="/gp/open-science/about" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-stage-3 - About - /gp/open-science/about">About</a></div> <div> <h1 class="headline stage-headline-style-default">Contact</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c16304156" class="article article-default item-2 item-2-5 even-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <div class=""> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">For open access publishing-related queries</h2> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p class="intro--paragraph"><a href="mailto:OA.Verification@springernature.com" target="_self" class="is-external" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="richtext-link - OA.Verification@springernature.com - mailto:OA.Verification@springernature.com">OA.Verification@springernature.com</a> for queries related to <a href="/gp/open-science/oa-agreements" target="_self" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="richtext-link - institutional eligibility - /gp/open-science/oa-agreements">institutional eligibility</a><br /><a href="mailto:ORSupport@springernature.com" target="_self" class="is-external" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="richtext-link - ORSupport@springernature.com - mailto:ORSupport@springernature.com">ORSupport@springernature.com</a> for all other open access publishing queries (incl. payment support)</p><p class="intro--paragraph">Or call + 44 (0) 20 3192 2009</p><p>Our agents can assist in the following languages: English, Filipino, Italian, Japanese and Korean. Feel free to ask if an agent is available to assist in your local language when calling us. </p></div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c16304132" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-3 item-3-5 odd-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div data-setting-grid-columns-large="25" data-setting-grid-columns-small="100" data-setting-grid-columns-medium="50" class="core"> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-4"><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16311678" class="teaser teaser-image-only item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="image core"><span><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px' viewBox='0 0 1024 768' version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'><title>Loading IMG</title><desc>Created with Sketch.</desc><g id='Loading-IMG' stroke='none' stroke-width='1' fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'><rect fill='%23EBF1F5' x='0' y='0' width='1024' height='768'></rect><rect id='Rectangle' fill='%23DFEDF2' x='0' y='0' width='1024' height='770'></rect><path d='M546.960938,374.039062 C543.510399,374.039062 540.2715,373.388027 537.244141,372.085938 C534.216782,370.783848 531.580089,368.993501 529.333984,366.714844 C527.087879,364.436187 525.297533,361.783218 523.962891,358.755859 C522.628249,355.7285 521.960938,352.489601 521.960938,349.039062 C521.960938,345.588524 522.628249,342.349625 523.962891,339.322266 C525.297533,336.294907 527.087879,333.641938 529.333984,331.363281 C531.580089,329.084624 534.216782,327.294277 537.244141,325.992188 C540.2715,324.690098 543.510399,324.039062 546.960938,324.039062 C550.411476,324.039062 553.666651,324.690098 556.726562,325.992188 C559.786474,327.294277 562.439442,329.084624 564.685547,331.363281 C566.931652,333.641938 568.705723,336.294907 570.007812,339.322266 C571.309902,342.349625 571.960938,345.588524 571.960938,349.039062 C571.960938,352.489601 571.309902,355.7285 570.007812,358.755859 C568.705723,361.783218 566.931652,364.436187 564.685547,366.714844 C562.439442,368.993501 559.786474,370.783848 556.726562,372.085938 C553.666651,373.388027 550.411476,374.039062 546.960938,374.039062 Z M546.960938,334 C542.859354,334 539.343765,335.464829 536.414062,338.394531 C533.48436,341.324233 532.019531,344.872375 532.019531,349.039062 C532.019531,353.20575 533.48436,356.753892 536.414062,359.683594 C539.343765,362.613296 542.859354,364.078125 546.960938,364.078125 C551.127625,364.078125 554.675767,362.613296 557.605469,359.683594 C560.535171,356.753892 562,353.20575 562,349.039062 C562,344.872375 560.535171,341.324233 557.605469,338.394531 C554.675767,335.464829 551.127625,334 546.960938,334 Z M596.960938,284 C601.127625,284 604.675767,285.464829 607.605469,288.394531 C610.535171,291.324233 612,294.872375 612,299.039062 L612,469.058594 C612,473.160177 610.535171,476.675767 607.605469,479.605469 C604.675767,482.535171 601.127625,484 596.960938,484 L427.039062,484 C422.872375,484 419.324233,482.535171 416.394531,479.605469 C413.464829,476.675767 412,473.160177 412,469.058594 L412,299.039062 C412,294.872375 413.464829,291.324233 416.394531,288.394531 C419.324233,285.464829 422.872375,284 427.039062,284 L596.960938,284 Z M421.960938,469.058594 C421.960938,470.425788 422.449214,471.597651 423.425781,472.574219 C424.402349,473.550786 425.606764,474.039062 427.039062,474.039062 L565.320312,474.039062 L470.300781,374.722656 C469.84505,374.266925 469.340498,373.925131 468.787109,373.697266 C468.233721,373.4694 467.664065,373.355469 467.078125,373.355469 C466.492185,373.355469 465.938805,373.485676 465.417969,373.746094 C464.897133,374.006512 464.408856,374.364581 463.953125,374.820312 L421.960938,421.011719 L421.960938,469.058594 Z M602.039062,469.058594 L602.039062,299.039062 C602.039062,297.671868 601.550786,296.500005 600.574219,295.523438 C599.597651,294.54687 598.393236,294.058594 596.960938,294.058594 L427.039062,294.058594 C425.606764,294.058594 424.402349,294.54687 423.425781,295.523438 C422.449214,296.500005 421.960938,297.671868 421.960938,299.039062 L421.960938,406.070312 L456.53125,368.082031 C457.898444,366.584628 459.477205,365.429041 461.267578,364.615234 C463.057952,363.801428 464.962229,363.361979 466.980469,363.296875 C468.998708,363.296875 470.902986,363.687496 472.693359,364.46875 C474.483733,365.250004 476.095045,366.356764 477.527344,367.789062 L579.089844,474.039062 L596.960938,474.039062 C598.393236,474.039062 599.597651,473.550786 600.574219,472.574219 C601.550786,471.597651 602.039062,470.425788 602.039062,469.058594 Z' id='%EE%9C%8E' fill='%238FAEC1' fill-rule='nonzero' opacity='0.5'></path></g></svg>" alt="L_brandstrip_bmc" data-src="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/12266694/data/v2" style="max-height: 55px" /></span></div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16311676" class="teaser teaser-image-only item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="image core"><span><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px' viewBox='0 0 1024 768' version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'><title>Loading IMG</title><desc>Created with Sketch.</desc><g id='Loading-IMG' stroke='none' stroke-width='1' fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'><rect fill='%23EBF1F5' x='0' y='0' width='1024' height='768'></rect><rect id='Rectangle' fill='%23DFEDF2' x='0' y='0' width='1024' height='770'></rect><path d='M546.960938,374.039062 C543.510399,374.039062 540.2715,373.388027 537.244141,372.085938 C534.216782,370.783848 531.580089,368.993501 529.333984,366.714844 C527.087879,364.436187 525.297533,361.783218 523.962891,358.755859 C522.628249,355.7285 521.960938,352.489601 521.960938,349.039062 C521.960938,345.588524 522.628249,342.349625 523.962891,339.322266 C525.297533,336.294907 527.087879,333.641938 529.333984,331.363281 C531.580089,329.084624 534.216782,327.294277 537.244141,325.992188 C540.2715,324.690098 543.510399,324.039062 546.960938,324.039062 C550.411476,324.039062 553.666651,324.690098 556.726562,325.992188 C559.786474,327.294277 562.439442,329.084624 564.685547,331.363281 C566.931652,333.641938 568.705723,336.294907 570.007812,339.322266 C571.309902,342.349625 571.960938,345.588524 571.960938,349.039062 C571.960938,352.489601 571.309902,355.7285 570.007812,358.755859 C568.705723,361.783218 566.931652,364.436187 564.685547,366.714844 C562.439442,368.993501 559.786474,370.783848 556.726562,372.085938 C553.666651,373.388027 550.411476,374.039062 546.960938,374.039062 Z M546.960938,334 C542.859354,334 539.343765,335.464829 536.414062,338.394531 C533.48436,341.324233 532.019531,344.872375 532.019531,349.039062 C532.019531,353.20575 533.48436,356.753892 536.414062,359.683594 C539.343765,362.613296 542.859354,364.078125 546.960938,364.078125 C551.127625,364.078125 554.675767,362.613296 557.605469,359.683594 C560.535171,356.753892 562,353.20575 562,349.039062 C562,344.872375 560.535171,341.324233 557.605469,338.394531 C554.675767,335.464829 551.127625,334 546.960938,334 Z M596.960938,284 C601.127625,284 604.675767,285.464829 607.605469,288.394531 C610.535171,291.324233 612,294.872375 612,299.039062 L612,469.058594 C612,473.160177 610.535171,476.675767 607.605469,479.605469 C604.675767,482.535171 601.127625,484 596.960938,484 L427.039062,484 C422.872375,484 419.324233,482.535171 416.394531,479.605469 C413.464829,476.675767 412,473.160177 412,469.058594 L412,299.039062 C412,294.872375 413.464829,291.324233 416.394531,288.394531 C419.324233,285.464829 422.872375,284 427.039062,284 L596.960938,284 Z M421.960938,469.058594 C421.960938,470.425788 422.449214,471.597651 423.425781,472.574219 C424.402349,473.550786 425.606764,474.039062 427.039062,474.039062 L565.320312,474.039062 L470.300781,374.722656 C469.84505,374.266925 469.340498,373.925131 468.787109,373.697266 C468.233721,373.4694 467.664065,373.355469 467.078125,373.355469 C466.492185,373.355469 465.938805,373.485676 465.417969,373.746094 C464.897133,374.006512 464.408856,374.364581 463.953125,374.820312 L421.960938,421.011719 L421.960938,469.058594 Z M602.039062,469.058594 L602.039062,299.039062 C602.039062,297.671868 601.550786,296.500005 600.574219,295.523438 C599.597651,294.54687 598.393236,294.058594 596.960938,294.058594 L427.039062,294.058594 C425.606764,294.058594 424.402349,294.54687 423.425781,295.523438 C422.449214,296.500005 421.960938,297.671868 421.960938,299.039062 L421.960938,406.070312 L456.53125,368.082031 C457.898444,366.584628 459.477205,365.429041 461.267578,364.615234 C463.057952,363.801428 464.962229,363.361979 466.980469,363.296875 C468.998708,363.296875 470.902986,363.687496 472.693359,364.46875 C474.483733,365.250004 476.095045,366.356764 477.527344,367.789062 L579.089844,474.039062 L596.960938,474.039062 C598.393236,474.039062 599.597651,473.550786 600.574219,472.574219 C601.550786,471.597651 602.039062,470.425788 602.039062,469.058594 Z' id='%EE%9C%8E' fill='%238FAEC1' fill-rule='nonzero' opacity='0.5'></path></g></svg>" alt="L_brandstrip_natureresearch" data-src="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/12266700/data/v8" style="max-height: 55px" /></span></div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16311674" class="teaser teaser-image-only item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="image core"><span><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px' viewBox='0 0 1024 768' version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'><title>Loading IMG</title><desc>Created with Sketch.</desc><g id='Loading-IMG' stroke='none' stroke-width='1' fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'><rect fill='%23EBF1F5' x='0' y='0' width='1024' height='768'></rect><rect id='Rectangle' fill='%23DFEDF2' x='0' y='0' width='1024' height='770'></rect><path d='M546.960938,374.039062 C543.510399,374.039062 540.2715,373.388027 537.244141,372.085938 C534.216782,370.783848 531.580089,368.993501 529.333984,366.714844 C527.087879,364.436187 525.297533,361.783218 523.962891,358.755859 C522.628249,355.7285 521.960938,352.489601 521.960938,349.039062 C521.960938,345.588524 522.628249,342.349625 523.962891,339.322266 C525.297533,336.294907 527.087879,333.641938 529.333984,331.363281 C531.580089,329.084624 534.216782,327.294277 537.244141,325.992188 C540.2715,324.690098 543.510399,324.039062 546.960938,324.039062 C550.411476,324.039062 553.666651,324.690098 556.726562,325.992188 C559.786474,327.294277 562.439442,329.084624 564.685547,331.363281 C566.931652,333.641938 568.705723,336.294907 570.007812,339.322266 C571.309902,342.349625 571.960938,345.588524 571.960938,349.039062 C571.960938,352.489601 571.309902,355.7285 570.007812,358.755859 C568.705723,361.783218 566.931652,364.436187 564.685547,366.714844 C562.439442,368.993501 559.786474,370.783848 556.726562,372.085938 C553.666651,373.388027 550.411476,374.039062 546.960938,374.039062 Z M546.960938,334 C542.859354,334 539.343765,335.464829 536.414062,338.394531 C533.48436,341.324233 532.019531,344.872375 532.019531,349.039062 C532.019531,353.20575 533.48436,356.753892 536.414062,359.683594 C539.343765,362.613296 542.859354,364.078125 546.960938,364.078125 C551.127625,364.078125 554.675767,362.613296 557.605469,359.683594 C560.535171,356.753892 562,353.20575 562,349.039062 C562,344.872375 560.535171,341.324233 557.605469,338.394531 C554.675767,335.464829 551.127625,334 546.960938,334 Z M596.960938,284 C601.127625,284 604.675767,285.464829 607.605469,288.394531 C610.535171,291.324233 612,294.872375 612,299.039062 L612,469.058594 C612,473.160177 610.535171,476.675767 607.605469,479.605469 C604.675767,482.535171 601.127625,484 596.960938,484 L427.039062,484 C422.872375,484 419.324233,482.535171 416.394531,479.605469 C413.464829,476.675767 412,473.160177 412,469.058594 L412,299.039062 C412,294.872375 413.464829,291.324233 416.394531,288.394531 C419.324233,285.464829 422.872375,284 427.039062,284 L596.960938,284 Z M421.960938,469.058594 C421.960938,470.425788 422.449214,471.597651 423.425781,472.574219 C424.402349,473.550786 425.606764,474.039062 427.039062,474.039062 L565.320312,474.039062 L470.300781,374.722656 C469.84505,374.266925 469.340498,373.925131 468.787109,373.697266 C468.233721,373.4694 467.664065,373.355469 467.078125,373.355469 C466.492185,373.355469 465.938805,373.485676 465.417969,373.746094 C464.897133,374.006512 464.408856,374.364581 463.953125,374.820312 L421.960938,421.011719 L421.960938,469.058594 Z M602.039062,469.058594 L602.039062,299.039062 C602.039062,297.671868 601.550786,296.500005 600.574219,295.523438 C599.597651,294.54687 598.393236,294.058594 596.960938,294.058594 L427.039062,294.058594 C425.606764,294.058594 424.402349,294.54687 423.425781,295.523438 C422.449214,296.500005 421.960938,297.671868 421.960938,299.039062 L421.960938,406.070312 L456.53125,368.082031 C457.898444,366.584628 459.477205,365.429041 461.267578,364.615234 C463.057952,363.801428 464.962229,363.361979 466.980469,363.296875 C468.998708,363.296875 470.902986,363.687496 472.693359,364.46875 C474.483733,365.250004 476.095045,366.356764 477.527344,367.789062 L579.089844,474.039062 L596.960938,474.039062 C598.393236,474.039062 599.597651,473.550786 600.574219,472.574219 C601.550786,471.597651 602.039062,470.425788 602.039062,469.058594 Z' id='%EE%9C%8E' fill='%238FAEC1' fill-rule='nonzero' opacity='0.5'></path></g></svg>" alt="L_brandstrip_palgrave_macmillan" data-src="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/12266702/data/v4" style="max-height: 55px" /></span></div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c16311672" class="teaser teaser-image-only item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="image core"><span><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<%3Fxml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'%3F><svg width='1024px' height='768px' viewBox='0 0 1024 768' version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'><title>Loading IMG</title><desc>Created with Sketch.</desc><g id='Loading-IMG' stroke='none' stroke-width='1' fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'><rect fill='%23EBF1F5' x='0' y='0' width='1024' height='768'></rect><rect id='Rectangle' fill='%23DFEDF2' x='0' y='0' width='1024' height='770'></rect><path d='M546.960938,374.039062 C543.510399,374.039062 540.2715,373.388027 537.244141,372.085938 C534.216782,370.783848 531.580089,368.993501 529.333984,366.714844 C527.087879,364.436187 525.297533,361.783218 523.962891,358.755859 C522.628249,355.7285 521.960938,352.489601 521.960938,349.039062 C521.960938,345.588524 522.628249,342.349625 523.962891,339.322266 C525.297533,336.294907 527.087879,333.641938 529.333984,331.363281 C531.580089,329.084624 534.216782,327.294277 537.244141,325.992188 C540.2715,324.690098 543.510399,324.039062 546.960938,324.039062 C550.411476,324.039062 553.666651,324.690098 556.726562,325.992188 C559.786474,327.294277 562.439442,329.084624 564.685547,331.363281 C566.931652,333.641938 568.705723,336.294907 570.007812,339.322266 C571.309902,342.349625 571.960938,345.588524 571.960938,349.039062 C571.960938,352.489601 571.309902,355.7285 570.007812,358.755859 C568.705723,361.783218 566.931652,364.436187 564.685547,366.714844 C562.439442,368.993501 559.786474,370.783848 556.726562,372.085938 C553.666651,373.388027 550.411476,374.039062 546.960938,374.039062 Z M546.960938,334 C542.859354,334 539.343765,335.464829 536.414062,338.394531 C533.48436,341.324233 532.019531,344.872375 532.019531,349.039062 C532.019531,353.20575 533.48436,356.753892 536.414062,359.683594 C539.343765,362.613296 542.859354,364.078125 546.960938,364.078125 C551.127625,364.078125 554.675767,362.613296 557.605469,359.683594 C560.535171,356.753892 562,353.20575 562,349.039062 C562,344.872375 560.535171,341.324233 557.605469,338.394531 C554.675767,335.464829 551.127625,334 546.960938,334 Z M596.960938,284 C601.127625,284 604.675767,285.464829 607.605469,288.394531 C610.535171,291.324233 612,294.872375 612,299.039062 L612,469.058594 C612,473.160177 610.535171,476.675767 607.605469,479.605469 C604.675767,482.535171 601.127625,484 596.960938,484 L427.039062,484 C422.872375,484 419.324233,482.535171 416.394531,479.605469 C413.464829,476.675767 412,473.160177 412,469.058594 L412,299.039062 C412,294.872375 413.464829,291.324233 416.394531,288.394531 C419.324233,285.464829 422.872375,284 427.039062,284 L596.960938,284 Z M421.960938,469.058594 C421.960938,470.425788 422.449214,471.597651 423.425781,472.574219 C424.402349,473.550786 425.606764,474.039062 427.039062,474.039062 L565.320312,474.039062 L470.300781,374.722656 C469.84505,374.266925 469.340498,373.925131 468.787109,373.697266 C468.233721,373.4694 467.664065,373.355469 467.078125,373.355469 C466.492185,373.355469 465.938805,373.485676 465.417969,373.746094 C464.897133,374.006512 464.408856,374.364581 463.953125,374.820312 L421.960938,421.011719 L421.960938,469.058594 Z M602.039062,469.058594 L602.039062,299.039062 C602.039062,297.671868 601.550786,296.500005 600.574219,295.523438 C599.597651,294.54687 598.393236,294.058594 596.960938,294.058594 L427.039062,294.058594 C425.606764,294.058594 424.402349,294.54687 423.425781,295.523438 C422.449214,296.500005 421.960938,297.671868 421.960938,299.039062 L421.960938,406.070312 L456.53125,368.082031 C457.898444,366.584628 459.477205,365.429041 461.267578,364.615234 C463.057952,363.801428 464.962229,363.361979 466.980469,363.296875 C468.998708,363.296875 470.902986,363.687496 472.693359,364.46875 C474.483733,365.250004 476.095045,366.356764 477.527344,367.789062 L579.089844,474.039062 L596.960938,474.039062 C598.393236,474.039062 599.597651,473.550786 600.574219,472.574219 C601.550786,471.597651 602.039062,470.425788 602.039062,469.058594 Z' id='%EE%9C%8E' fill='%238FAEC1' fill-rule='nonzero' opacity='0.5'></path></g></svg>" alt="L_brandstrip_springer" data-src="https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/12266706/data/v2" style="max-height: 55px" /></span></div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c15078428" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-4 item-4-5 even-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div class="core"> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">Other queries</h2> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-2"><div class="column" id=""><div id="c15068154" class="teaser teaser-default item-1 item-1-2" data-mh="15078428"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/contact-us" title="Contact us" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-default - For libraries and institutions - /gp/librarians/contact-us" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" class="teaser-default__link"> <div class="text-group"> <h3 class="headline">For libraries and institutions</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>We want to partner with you on all aspects of open research</p></div> <span class="teaser-default__arrow-icon"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c15078430" class="teaser teaser-default item-2 item-2-2 last-item end" data-mh="15078428"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/contact" title="Contact us" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-default - General or other queries - /gp/contact" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" class="teaser-default__link"> <div class="text-group"> <h3 class="headline">General or other queries</h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>For queries unrelated to open research or open access<br /></p></div> <span class="teaser-default__arrow-icon"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="c11997224" class="has-no-image collection collection-general-grid item-5 item-5-5 last-item end odd-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column"><div data-setting-grid-columns-large="20" data-setting-grid-columns-small="100" data-setting-grid-columns-medium="50" class="core"> <h2 class="headline headline-h2">Stay up to date</h2> <div class="row row-block-grid small-up-1 medium-up-2 large-up-5"><div class="column" id=""><div id="c11997218" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-1 item-1-5" data-mh="11997224"><div> <a href="https://x.com/SpringerNature" title="Follow us on Twitter" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Follow us on Twitter - https://x.com/SpringerNature" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M28.711,9.482c.021.284.021.568.021.853C28.732,19,22.134,29,10.071,29A18.536,18.536,0,0,1,0,26.05a13.284,13.284,0,0,0,1.584.083,13.123,13.123,0,0,0,8.141-2.8,6.564,6.564,0,0,1-6.131-4.547,8.476,8.476,0,0,0,1.237.1,6.929,6.929,0,0,0,1.726-.222A6.561,6.561,0,0,1,1.3,12.223v-.08a6.64,6.64,0,0,0,2.963.832A6.574,6.574,0,0,1,2.232,4.2a18.648,18.648,0,0,0,13.525,6.862,7.238,7.238,0,0,1-.163-1.5A6.563,6.563,0,0,1,26.944,5.077a12.947,12.947,0,0,0,4.162-1.584,6.539,6.539,0,0,1-2.883,3.614A13.2,13.2,0,0,0,32,6.092,14.08,14.08,0,0,1,28.711,9.482Z"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Follow us on Twitter</span> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>Here to foster information exchange with the library community</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c12339996" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-2 item-2-5" data-mh="11997224"><div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SpringerNature/" title="Follow us on Facebook" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Follow us on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/SpringerNature/" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M24.307,5.307H21.288c-2.363,0-2.806,1.135-2.806,2.77v3.633h5.635L23.365,17.4H18.481V32H12.6V17.4h-4.9V11.711h4.9V7.519C12.6,2.655,15.577,0,19.922,0a38.037,38.037,0,0,1,4.385.23Z"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Follow us on Facebook</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c11997212" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-3 item-3-5" data-mh="11997224"><div> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/" title="Connect on LinkedIn" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Connect on LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M3.838,7.508H3.8A3.549,3.549,0,0,1,0,3.94,3.588,3.588,0,0,1,3.881.372,3.551,3.551,0,0,1,7.719,3.94,3.563,3.563,0,0,1,3.838,7.508ZM7.236,31H.351V10.324H7.236ZM32,31H25.135V19.941c0-2.774-1-4.672-3.482-4.672a3.759,3.759,0,0,0-3.525,2.5,5.169,5.169,0,0,0-.231,1.691V31H11.032c.085-18.735,0-20.676,0-20.676H17.9v3h-.043a6.811,6.811,0,0,1,6.238-3.486C28.621,9.844,32,12.806,32,19.15Z"/></svg> </div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Connect on LinkedIn</span> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>Connect with us on LinkedIn and stay up to date with news and development.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c12351546" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-4 item-4-5" data-mh="11997224"><div> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/SpringerNature" title="Watch us on YouTube" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Watch us on YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/SpringerNature" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>small_youtube</title><path d="M31.68,8.855a6.923,6.923,0,0,0-1.272-3.176A4.577,4.577,0,0,0,27.2,4.324C22.724,4,16.007,4,16.007,4h-.014S9.276,4,4.8,4.324A4.577,4.577,0,0,0,1.592,5.679,6.921,6.921,0,0,0,.32,8.855,48.4,48.4,0,0,0,0,14.034v2.428a48.4,48.4,0,0,0,.32,5.179,6.921,6.921,0,0,0,1.272,3.176A5.426,5.426,0,0,0,5.12,26.185c2.56.245,10.88.321,10.88.321s6.724-.01,11.2-.334a4.577,4.577,0,0,0,3.206-1.355,6.923,6.923,0,0,0,1.272-3.176A48.46,48.46,0,0,0,32,16.462V14.034A48.462,48.462,0,0,0,31.68,8.855ZM12.7,19.4l0-8.991,8.647,4.511Z"/></svg></div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Watch us on YouTube</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div><div class="column" id=""><div id="c15203934" class="teaser-icon--style-highlight linked has-no-copy-text teaser teaser-icon item-5 item-5-5 last-item end" data-mh="11997224"><div> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/SpringerNature/" title="Follow us on Instagram" data-track="click" data-track-category="sn:content-page-main-content" data-track-component="teaser-icon - Follow us on Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/SpringerNature/" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" class="teaser-icon-link core"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card"> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-visual"> <div class="icon"><svg id="small_instagram" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16,7.784A8.216,8.216,0,1,0,24.216,16,8.216,8.216,0,0,0,16,7.784Zm0,13.55A5.333,5.333,0,1,1,21.333,16,5.333,5.333,0,0,1,16,21.333ZM26.461,7.459a1.92,1.92,0,1,1-1.92-1.92A1.92,1.92,0,0,1,26.461,7.459ZM31.9,9.4a11.744,11.744,0,0,0-.744-3.884,7.843,7.843,0,0,0-1.845-2.834A7.843,7.843,0,0,0,26.481.84,11.744,11.744,0,0,0,22.6.1C20.89.018,20.345,0,16,0S11.11.018,9.4.1A11.744,11.744,0,0,0,5.519.84,7.843,7.843,0,0,0,2.685,2.685,7.843,7.843,0,0,0,.84,5.519,11.744,11.744,0,0,0,.1,9.4C.018,11.11,0,11.655,0,16s.018,4.89.1,6.6A11.744,11.744,0,0,0,.84,26.481a7.843,7.843,0,0,0,1.845,2.834A7.844,7.844,0,0,0,5.519,31.16,11.746,11.746,0,0,0,9.4,31.9c1.707.078,2.251.1,6.6.1s4.89-.018,6.6-.1a11.746,11.746,0,0,0,3.884-.744,8.182,8.182,0,0,0,4.679-4.679A11.744,11.744,0,0,0,31.9,22.6c.078-1.707.1-2.251.1-6.6S31.982,11.11,31.9,9.4Zm-2.88,13.062a8.852,8.852,0,0,1-.551,2.971,5.3,5.3,0,0,1-3.037,3.037,8.853,8.853,0,0,1-2.971.551c-1.687.077-2.193.093-6.465.093s-4.778-.016-6.465-.093a8.853,8.853,0,0,1-2.971-.551,4.957,4.957,0,0,1-1.84-1.2,4.957,4.957,0,0,1-1.2-1.84,8.854,8.854,0,0,1-.551-2.971C2.9,20.778,2.883,20.272,2.883,16s.016-4.778.093-6.465a8.854,8.854,0,0,1,.551-2.971,4.957,4.957,0,0,1,1.2-1.84,4.958,4.958,0,0,1,1.84-1.2,8.854,8.854,0,0,1,2.971-.551C11.222,2.9,11.728,2.883,16,2.883s4.778.016,6.465.093a8.854,8.854,0,0,1,2.971.551,4.958,4.958,0,0,1,1.84,1.2,4.957,4.957,0,0,1,1.2,1.84,8.852,8.852,0,0,1,.551,2.971c.077,1.687.093,2.193.093,6.465S29.1,20.778,29.024,22.465Z"/></svg></div> </div> <div class="teaser--teaser-card-content"> <div> <span class="link teaser_icon_title">Follow us on Instagram</span> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div><div id="cfooter" class="collection collection-page-grid-row item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"><div id="" class="collection collection-footer item-1 item-1-1 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <div id="c12219010" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-footer item-1 item-1-3 odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Footer" class="core"> <div class="row row-block-grid"><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="products-solutions"><div id="c12219026" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-1 item-1-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Products</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211842" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/products/journals" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Journals - /gp/products/journals">Journals</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211834" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/products/books" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Books - /gp/products/books">Books</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211846" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-4"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/products/platforms" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Platforms - /gp/products/platforms">Platforms</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219026"><div id="c12211844" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-4 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/products/database" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Databases - /gp/products/database">Databases</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="researchers-partners"><div id="c12219016" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-2 item-2-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Researchers & Partners</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12211732" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/authors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Authors - /gp/authors">Authors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12147358" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/editors" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Editors - /gp/editors">Editors</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12213908" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/open-science" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Open science - /gp/open-science">Open science</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12147376" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/societies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Societies - /gp/societies">Societies</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c12147382" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-5 item-5-6"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/partners" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Partners - /gp/partners">Partners</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219016"><div id="c15128638" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-6 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/policies" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Policies - /gp/policies">Policies</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="librarians"><div id="c12218998" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-3 item-3-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Librarians</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c13276880" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Overview - /gp/librarians">Overview</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248062" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/products" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Products - /gp/librarians/products">Products</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248084" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/licensing" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Licensing - /gp/librarians/licensing">Licensing</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248086" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/tools-services" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Tools & Services - /gp/librarians/tools-services">Tools & Services</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12248088" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-5 item-5-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/tools-services/evaluate/account-development" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Account Development - /gp/librarians/tools-services/evaluate/account-development">Account Development</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c12214650" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/the-link" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Blog - /gp/librarians/the-link">Blog</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12218998"><div id="c13276874" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-7 item-7-7 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/librarians/contact-us" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Sales and account contacts - /gp/librarians/contact-us">Sales and account contacts</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-4 large-2" id="our-company"><div id="c12219024" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2 item-4 item-4-5"><div> <div class="core"> <strong class="headline flap--mobile">Our company</strong> <div> <div> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c16303858" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-1 item-1-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Overview - /gp/group">Overview</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612242" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-2 item-2-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/about-us" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - About us - /gp/group/about-us">About us</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612248" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-3 item-3-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/careers" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Careers - /gp/group/careers">Careers</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612252" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-4 item-4-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/about-us/education-business" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Education - /gp/group/about-us/education-business">Education</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612376" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-5 item-5-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/about-us/health-business" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Professional - /gp/group/about-us/health-business">Professional</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612378" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-6 item-6-7"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/media" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Media Centre - /gp/group/media">Media Centre</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219024"><div id="c17612380" class="teaser teaser-navigation item-7 item-7-7 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/group/about-us/locations-contact" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation - Locations & Contact - /gp/group/about-us/locations-contact">Locations & Contact</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="column medium-6 large-4" id="about-us"><div id="c12219020" class="collection collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser item-5 item-5-5 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"><ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser--listwrap" id=""><div id="c10683756" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-1 item-1-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/contact" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Contact - /gp/contact">Contact</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12348462" class="teaser teaser-navigation-full item-2 item-2-3"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/shop" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-full - Shop - /gp/shop">Shop</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-level-2-teaser--listwrap" id=""><div id="c12219030" class="teaser teaser-navigation-button item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <h3 class="headline">About us </h3> <div class="richtext richtext-default"><p>We are a world leading research, educational and professional publisher. Visit our main website for more information.</p></div> <a href="https://group.springernature.com/gp/group" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-button - Corporate site ↗ - https://group.springernature.com/gp/group">Corporate site ↗</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div> </div></div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="collection--footer-row-second"> <div class="row logo-social-row"> <div class="column logo"> <img onerror="this.src='/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.png';this.onerror=null;" src="/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature_white.svg" alt="Springer Nature" /> </div> <div class="column"> <div id="c12219000" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-footer-social item-3 item-3-3 last-item end odd-item section odd-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Footer - Social" class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-social--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219000"><div id="c12219028" class="teaser teaser-navigation-icon item-1 item-1-3"><div> <a href="https://x.com/SpringerNature" title="small_twitter" class="icon core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-icon - small_twitter - https://x.com/SpringerNature"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M28.711,9.482c.021.284.021.568.021.853C28.732,19,22.134,29,10.071,29A18.536,18.536,0,0,1,0,26.05a13.284,13.284,0,0,0,1.584.083,13.123,13.123,0,0,0,8.141-2.8,6.564,6.564,0,0,1-6.131-4.547,8.476,8.476,0,0,0,1.237.1,6.929,6.929,0,0,0,1.726-.222A6.561,6.561,0,0,1,1.3,12.223v-.08a6.64,6.64,0,0,0,2.963.832A6.574,6.574,0,0,1,2.232,4.2a18.648,18.648,0,0,0,13.525,6.862,7.238,7.238,0,0,1-.163-1.5A6.563,6.563,0,0,1,26.944,5.077a12.947,12.947,0,0,0,4.162-1.584,6.539,6.539,0,0,1-2.883,3.614A13.2,13.2,0,0,0,32,6.092,14.08,14.08,0,0,1,28.711,9.482Z"/></svg> </a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-social--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219000"><div id="c12351558" class="teaser teaser-navigation-icon item-2 item-2-3"><div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SpringerNature/" title="small_facebook" class="icon core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-icon - small_facebook - https://www.facebook.com/SpringerNature/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M24.307,5.307H21.288c-2.363,0-2.806,1.135-2.806,2.77v3.633h5.635L23.365,17.4H18.481V32H12.6V17.4h-4.9V11.711h4.9V7.519C12.6,2.655,15.577,0,19.922,0a38.037,38.037,0,0,1,4.385.23Z"/></svg> </a> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-social--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219000"><div id="c12219018" class="teaser teaser-navigation-icon item-3 item-3-3 last-item end"><div> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/" title="small_linkedin" class="icon core" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-icon - small_linkedin - https://www.linkedin.com/company/springernature/"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><title>_</title><path d="M3.838,7.508H3.8A3.549,3.549,0,0,1,0,3.94,3.588,3.588,0,0,1,3.881.372,3.551,3.551,0,0,1,7.719,3.94,3.563,3.563,0,0,1,3.838,7.508ZM7.236,31H.351V10.324H7.236ZM32,31H25.135V19.941c0-2.774-1-4.672-3.482-4.672a3.759,3.759,0,0,0-3.525,2.5,5.169,5.169,0,0,0-.231,1.691V31H11.032c.085-18.735,0-20.676,0-20.676H17.9v3h-.043a6.811,6.811,0,0,1,6.238-3.486C28.621,9.844,32,12.806,32,19.15Z"/></svg> </a> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="column"> <div id="c12219004" class="has-no-image collection collection-navigation-footer-meta item-2 item-2-3 even-item section even-item-custom"><div> <div data-setting-viewtype="Navigation Footer - Meta" class="core"> <ul class=""><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219008" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-1 item-1-8"><div> <div class="core"> <div class="richtext richtext-default">© 2024 Springer Nature</div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219012" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-2 item-2-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/legal/general-terms-of-use/11033520" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - General terms and conditions - /gp/legal/general-terms-of-use/11033520">General terms and conditions</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219002" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-3 item-3-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/legal/privacy-statement" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Privacy - /gp/legal/privacy-statement">Privacy</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c18144988" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-4 item-4-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/legal/ccpa" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Your US State Privacy Rights - /gp/legal/ccpa">Your US State Privacy Rights</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c16433454" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-5 item-5-8"><div> <div class="core"> <button data-cc-action="preferences" class="link">Your Privacy Choices / Manage Cookies</button> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c16708130" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-6 item-6-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/info/accessibility" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Accessibility - /gp/info/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c12219032" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-7 item-7-8"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="/gp/legal/imprint/11033518" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Legal notice - /gp/legal/imprint/11033518">Legal notice</a> </div> </div></div></li><li class="collection-navigation-footer-meta--listwrap" id="" data-mh="12219004"><div id="c18790562" class="teaser teaser-navigation-footer item-8 item-8-8 last-item end"><div> <div class="core"> <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc2LypsSJUsJ_vnIqqH2JiScOLajz1lyjK4mTiqSAs5GuQobA/viewform" class="link" data-track="click" data-track-label="/gp/open-science/contact" data-track-category="sn:content-page-footer" data-track-component="teaser-navigation-footer - Help us to improve this site, send feedback. - https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc2LypsSJUsJ_vnIqqH2JiScOLajz1lyjK4mTiqSAs5GuQobA/viewform">Help us to improve this site, send feedback.</a> </div> </div></div></li></ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div> </div> </div></div> </div>  <script src="/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>    <script defer="defer" src="/app-sn/public/scripts/vendor/jquery.bxslider.min.js?r=0.201.0"></script> <script defer="defer" type="text/javascript" src="/app-sn/public/scripts/charts-loader.js"></script> <script defer="defer" src="/app-sn/public/dist/bundle.js?r=0.201.0"></script> <script defer="defer" src="//www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Contact | Open science | Springer Nature