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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-William_Waldorf_Astor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#William_Waldorf_Astor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>William Waldorf Astor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-William_Waldorf_Astor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intermediate_owners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intermediate_owners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Intermediate owners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intermediate_owners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Bulldog_Trust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Bulldog_Trust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The Bulldog Trust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Bulldog_Trust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_Temple_Place_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_Temple_Place_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Two Temple Place gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_Temple_Place_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_forecourt_and_portico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_forecourt_and_portico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The forecourt and portico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_forecourt_and_portico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_vestibule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_vestibule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The vestibule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_vestibule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_main_staircase_and_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_main_staircase_and_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The main staircase and gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_main_staircase_and_gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The main staircase and gallery 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Great Hall subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Study_or_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Study_or_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Study or library</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Study_or_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sir_George_Frampton’s_panels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sir_George_Frampton’s_panels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sir George Frampton’s panels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sir_George_Frampton’s_panels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nathaniel_Hitch’s_frieze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nathaniel_Hitch’s_frieze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Nathaniel Hitch’s frieze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nathaniel_Hitch’s_frieze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stained-glass_windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stained-glass_windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Stained-glass windows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stained-glass_windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gallery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exterior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exterior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Exterior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exterior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Interior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Two_Temple_Place&params=51.5116_N_0.1124_W_type:landmark_region:GB-WSM"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°06′45″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5116°N 0.1124°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5116; -0.1124</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Building in central London, England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Astor_Estate_Office_2_(6086928430).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Former_Astor_Estate_Office_2_%286086928430%29.jpg/220px-Former_Astor_Estate_Office_2_%286086928430%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Former_Astor_Estate_Office_2_%286086928430%29.jpg/330px-Former_Astor_Estate_Office_2_%286086928430%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Former_Astor_Estate_Office_2_%286086928430%29.jpg/440px-Former_Astor_Estate_Office_2_%286086928430%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3324" data-file-height="3116" /></a><figcaption>Two Temple Place, is situated alongside the Victoria Embankment, near <a href="/wiki/Somerset_House" title="Somerset House">Somerset House</a> in London. Known as the "Astor House".</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Two Temple Place</b>, known for many years as <b>Astor House</b>, is a Neo-Gothic building<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> situated near <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Embankment" title="Victoria Embankment">Victoria Embankment</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">central London</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is known for its architecture, and contains notable works by the likes of <a href="/wiki/William_Silver_Frith" title="William Silver Frith">William Silver Frith</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Frampton" title="George Frampton">George Frampton</a> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academician" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academician">RA</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hitch" title="Nathaniel Hitch">Nathaniel Hitch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nicholls_(sculptor)" title="Thomas Nicholls (sculptor)">Thomas Nicholls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 October 2011, Two Temple Place opened as a public gallery. It hosts exhibitions showcasing publicly owned art from <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in the United Kingdom">regional collections in the United Kingdom</a>, and is also used as a venue for private hire.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-website_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The building was constructed on <a href="/wiki/Temple_Place" title="Temple Place">Temple Place</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Loughborough_Pearson" title="John Loughborough Pearson">John Loughborough Pearson</a> for <a href="/wiki/William_Waldorf_Astor" title="William Waldorf Astor">William Waldorf Astor</a>, in 1895. Originally known as the Astor Estate Office, it had a residential flat above the offices for Viscount Astor's use (Pevsner). It consists of two floors and a lower ground floor and is designed after the Early Elizabethan style. It is built entirely of <a href="/wiki/Portland_stone" title="Portland stone">Portland stone</a>. The exterior stonework features splendid carvings by Nathaniel Hitch.<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Above the machicolated parapets is a weather vane, representing the <a href="/wiki/Caravel" title="Caravel">caravel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(ship)" title="Santa María (ship)">Santa Maria</a></i> in which <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Columbus</a> sailed to America. The intention was to symbolize the connection of the path of discovery of his ancestor <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor" title="John Jacob Astor">John Jacob Astor</a> and the linking of United States and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was executed by J. Starkie Gardner, the English metal worker, who was responsible for all metalwork inside and outside the building.<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Dibblee_Crace" title="John Dibblee Crace">John Dibblee Crace</a>, one of a family of interior decorators, decorated the interior of Two Temple Place for Astor in the style of French Renaissance from about 1892 to 1895. He also decorated Astor's home in <a href="/wiki/Cliveden" title="Cliveden">Cliveden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In what had been a bedroom, Astor had the walls paneled with "precious woods" and the ceiling gilded.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="William_Waldorf_Astor">William Waldorf Astor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: William Waldorf Astor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Waldorf_Astor" title="William Waldorf Astor">William Waldorf Astor</a>, founder of the famed New York City <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_Astoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldorf Astoria">Waldorf Astoria</a>, owned the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">gothic</a> mansion<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Embankment" title="Victoria Embankment">Victoria Embankment</a> overlooking the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>. He built or renovated the home<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that was to become a "crenellated Tudor stronghold" with three things in mind. It would be his office and it had residential space, supporting his desire to create a home away from the United States<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he felt his children would be safer from the threat of kidnapping. Second, he had the wealth to support his vision for an opulent home for himself and his family – and his extensive collections of art work, musical instruments and books. And, lastly, he wanted the building to be both his home and offices for managing his holdings.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-website_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strachan_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strachan-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building is described by Donald Strachan as follows: </p> <blockquote><p>Behind the sturdy Portland stone facade, the interior has a slight strange <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victoriana</a>-meets-<a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> vibe with the otherwise straightforwardly opulent rooms (lots of marble and mahogany) adorned with bizarre details, such as the characters from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers" title="The Three Musketeers">The Three Musketeers</a></i> (Astor's favorite book) on the banisters of the main staircase and the gilded <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">frieze</a> in the Great Hall showing 54 seemingly random characters from history and fiction, including <a href="/wiki/Pocahontas" title="Pocahontas">Pocahontas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Strachan_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strachan-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The architect was <a href="/wiki/John_Loughborough_Pearson" title="John Loughborough Pearson">John Loughborough Pearson</a>, often called the founder of Modern Gothic architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With seemingly unlimited funds at his disposal Pearson was able to design a lavish building with the assistance of eminent craftsmen.<sup id="cite_ref-website_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Thompson & Sons Ltd of Peterborough were the builders. After Pearson's death, his son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Loughborough_Pearson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Loughborough Pearson (page does not exist)">Frank Loughborough Pearson</a> (1864–1947) continued his work on Two Temple Place when the building required some alterations under the ownership of Sun Life of Canada. For these alterations many of the original craftsmen were used again, including Nathaniel Hitch, as well as the original builder.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intermediate_owners">Intermediate owners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Intermediate owners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the Astor family sold the house it has had various owners: <a href="/wiki/Sun_Life_Financial" title="Sun Life Financial">Sun Life of Canada</a> owned the building from 1919 to 1928, who named it Sun of Canada House. In 1928 it was purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Incorporated_Accountants_and_Auditors" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors">Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors</a> naming it the Incorporated Accountants Hall. On 19 February 1929 the building was opened as the "Head Office of the Society" by H.R.H. the Duke and Duchess of York.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Nephew" title="Smith & Nephew">Smith & Nephew</a> purchased the building in 1960 which served as its headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 July 1944 the building, named "Astor House" at the time, was hit by a German flying bomb, which caused considerable damage to the house, including burst plumbing that resulted in some flooding, damaging expensive works of art, including works by <a href="/wiki/William_Silver_Frith" title="William Silver Frith">William Silver Frith</a>. The building, called "Accountants Hall" on the damage report, was deemed as suitable to be "partially demolished" and was fully restored between 1949 and 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-Long_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Bulldog_Trust">The Bulldog Trust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Bulldog Trust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is now managed and preserved by <a href="/wiki/The_Bulldog_Trust" title="The Bulldog Trust">The Bulldog Trust</a>, a charitable organization, and is hired out for personal and functions. It opened to the public as a gallery in October 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_Temple_Place_gallery">Two Temple Place gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Two Temple Place gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bulldog Trust, a charitable foundation, manages Two Temple Place, which is available to the public to view its collections and, for revenue generation, is hired out.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 October 2011, Two Temple Place opened as the first London venue to specifically showcase publicly owned art from UK regional collections. </p><p>The first exhibition to launch the building was in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/William_Morris_Gallery" title="William Morris Gallery">William Morris Gallery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Walthamstow" title="Walthamstow">Walthamstow</a>. Titled <i>William Morris: Story, Memory, Myth</i>, the exhibition looked at how <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a> told stories through pattern and poetry and examined the tales that were most important to him, such as the works of <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norse_saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse saga">Norse saga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthurian legend">Arthurian legend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek myth">Greek myth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-website_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strachan_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strachan-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_forecourt_and_portico">The forecourt and portico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The forecourt and portico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One enters the building through some fine iron gates that lead onto a paved forecourt and lawn with an arcaded boundary wall on one side and on the other a portico designed by Frith.<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Balustrade" class="mw-redirect" title="Balustrade">Balustraded</a> stone steps lead up to the main door, these steps being flanked on either side by two magnificent bronze lamp standards featuring the figures of two small mischievous-looking boys.<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These cherubs by Frith, with one conversing through a telephone, celebrate the then new age of telecommunication and electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WSFrith_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The bronze lamp standard on the right of the stairs. The age of the telephone has dawned!"><img alt="The bronze lamp standard on the right of the stairs. The age of the telephone has dawned!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/WSFrith_4.JPG/120px-WSFrith_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/WSFrith_4.JPG/180px-WSFrith_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/WSFrith_4.JPG/240px-WSFrith_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The bronze lamp standard on the right of the stairs. The age of the telephone has dawned!</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WSFrith_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The first of Frith’s bronze lamp standards-that on the right of the stairs."><img alt="The first of Frith’s bronze lamp standards-that on the right of the stairs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/WSFrith_2.jpg/120px-WSFrith_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/WSFrith_2.jpg/180px-WSFrith_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/WSFrith_2.jpg/240px-WSFrith_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The first of Frith’s bronze lamp standards-that on the right of the stairs.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WSFrith_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Another view of the bronze lamp standard on the right of the stairs."><img alt="Another view of the bronze lamp standard on the right of the stairs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WSFrith_1.JPG/120px-WSFrith_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WSFrith_1.JPG/180px-WSFrith_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WSFrith_1.JPG/240px-WSFrith_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another view of the bronze lamp standard on the right of the stairs.</div> </li> </ul> <p>The other cherub on the left side of the stairs holds up a globe. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WSFrith_5.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The bronze lamp standard on the left of the stairs."><img alt="The bronze lamp standard on the left of the stairs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/WSFrith_5.JPG/120px-WSFrith_5.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/WSFrith_5.JPG/180px-WSFrith_5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/WSFrith_5.JPG/240px-WSFrith_5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The bronze lamp standard on the left of the stairs.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WSFrith_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The second of Frith’s bronze lamp standards that on the left of the portico stairs."><img alt="The second of Frith’s bronze lamp standards that on the left of the portico stairs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/WSFrith_3.JPG/111px-WSFrith_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/WSFrith_3.JPG/167px-WSFrith_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/WSFrith_3.JPG/222px-WSFrith_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The second of Frith’s bronze lamp standards that on the left of the portico stairs.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_vestibule">The vestibule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The vestibule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marble_Fireplace.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Marble_Fireplace.JPG/220px-Marble_Fireplace.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Marble_Fireplace.JPG/330px-Marble_Fireplace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Marble_Fireplace.JPG/440px-Marble_Fireplace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Pavonazetto marble fireplace and a glimpse of Davison’s floor.</figcaption></figure> <p>Through the entrance doors one enters a stone-lined vestibule with carvings in the early Renaissance style and inside this vestibule there is a War Memorial Stone remembering those members of The Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors who died in the 1914–18 war, this unveiled by the Duke of York and a Commemoration stone recording the Hall's opening by the Duke and Duchess of York on 19 February 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The floor is the work of Robert Davison and is a mixture of marble, jasper, porphyry and onyx all laid in geometrical patterns. This is known as "opus alexandrinum". It was Davison who was responsible for all the marble work in the house.<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a similar floor in Westminster Abbey. The staircase is made of oak and mahogany.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_main_staircase_and_gallery">The main staircase and gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The main staircase and gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main staircase rises up from the Staircase Hall to the Gallery on the first floor and comprises three flights of stairs. The staircase has seven mahogany carvings by Thomas Nicholls on the newel posts, these representing characters from <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers" title="The Three Musketeers">The Three Musketeers</a></i>, which, it seems, was Astor’s favourite novel.<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nicholls’ characters include <a href="/wiki/D%27Artagnan" class="mw-redirect" title="D'Artagnan">d'Artagnan</a> himself, Madame Bonacieux, <a href="/wiki/Aramis" title="Aramis">Aramis</a>, shown slipping off a scholar’s gown and at the same time reading a love letter, <a href="/wiki/Milady_de_Winter" title="Milady de Winter">Milady</a>, Bazin, Athos and <a href="/wiki/Porthos" title="Porthos">Porthos</a>. Bazin, the valet to Aramis, was a studious person who later became a lay brother. Nicholls carves him brushing his master's clothes while studying theology.<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milady.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Milady."><img alt="Milady." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Milady.JPG/84px-Milady.JPG" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Milady.JPG/126px-Milady.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Milady.JPG/168px-Milady.JPG 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Milady.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D%27Artagnan_by_Nicholls.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Porthos."><img alt="Porthos." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/D%27Artagnan_by_Nicholls.JPG/52px-D%27Artagnan_by_Nicholls.JPG" decoding="async" width="52" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/D%27Artagnan_by_Nicholls.JPG/78px-D%27Artagnan_by_Nicholls.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/D%27Artagnan_by_Nicholls.JPG/104px-D%27Artagnan_by_Nicholls.JPG 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Porthos.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aramis_and_Milady.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aramis and Milady."><img alt="Aramis and Milady." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Aramis_and_Milady.JPG/89px-Aramis_and_Milady.JPG" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Aramis_and_Milady.JPG/134px-Aramis_and_Milady.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Aramis_and_Milady.JPG/179px-Aramis_and_Milady.JPG 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aramis and Milady.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicholls_Carvings.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="D’Artagnan and Madame Bonacieux."><img alt="D’Artagnan and Madame Bonacieux." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Nicholls_Carvings.JPG/96px-Nicholls_Carvings.JPG" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Nicholls_Carvings.JPG/145px-Nicholls_Carvings.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Nicholls_Carvings.JPG/193px-Nicholls_Carvings.JPG 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="418" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">D’Artagnan and Madame Bonacieux.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bazin,_valet_to_Aramis.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Nicholls’ carving of Bazin, Aramis’ valet."><img alt="Thomas Nicholls’ carving of Bazin, Aramis’ valet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bazin%2C_valet_to_Aramis.JPG/90px-Bazin%2C_valet_to_Aramis.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bazin%2C_valet_to_Aramis.JPG/135px-Bazin%2C_valet_to_Aramis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bazin%2C_valet_to_Aramis.JPG/180px-Bazin%2C_valet_to_Aramis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thomas Nicholls’ carving of Bazin, Aramis’ valet.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thomas_Nicholls’_frieze_and_carvings"><span id="Thomas_Nicholls.E2.80.99_frieze_and_carvings"></span>Thomas Nicholls’ frieze and carvings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Thomas Nicholls’ frieze and carvings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle">Rip Van Winkle</a>" and characters from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Mohicans" title="The Last of the Mohicans">The Last of the Mohicans</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter" title="The Scarlet Letter">The Scarlet Letter</a></i> are depicted in a frieze in the main hall.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This frieze was also executed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nicholls,_sculptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Nicholls, sculptor">Thomas Nicholls</a>. Two of the figures are from the <a href="/wiki/Leatherstocking_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Leatherstocking novels">Leatherstocking novels</a> of <a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a>, the first being <i>The Last of the Mohicans</i> the nickname of <a href="/wiki/Uncas" title="Uncas">Uncas</a>, a leading character in the book. The second statue is that of "The Pathfinder", one of the names given to <a href="/wiki/Leatherstocking_Tales" title="Leatherstocking Tales">Leatherstocking</a> (otherwise <a href="/wiki/Natty_Bumppo" title="Natty Bumppo">Natty Bumppo</a>). Next <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Letter" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarlet Letter">Scarlet Letter</a></i> is represented by <a href="/wiki/Hester_Prynne" title="Hester Prynne">Hester Prynne</a> and the Reverend <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Dimmesdale" title="Arthur Dimmesdale">Arthur Dimmesdale</a>. The two remaining characters are <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle">Rip Van Winkle</a> and his daughter. At the feet of Rip Van Winkle is his dog and at those of his daughter is the gnomes’ keg of liquor, the drinking of which had sent Van Winkle into his long slumber and freedom from his bothersome wife for 20 years!<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The staircase hall is overlooked by a gallery that features statues made by Nicholls, having American literary associations, and a frieze in relief which features 82 characters from <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>’s <i><a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_(play)" title="Henry VIII (play)">Henry VIII</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra" title="Antony and Cleopatra">Antony and Cleopatra</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i>. Around this gallery are ten pillars of solid ebony. The statues are positioned on six of the carved oak panels which surmount these pillars. The ceiling of the staircase Hall and Gallery is in stained glass, coved and panelled.<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicholl%27s_Frieze_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nicholl%27s_Frieze_3.JPG/120px-Nicholl%27s_Frieze_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nicholl%27s_Frieze_3.JPG/180px-Nicholl%27s_Frieze_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nicholl%27s_Frieze_3.JPG/240px-Nicholl%27s_Frieze_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicholls%27_frieze_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Nicholls%27_frieze_1.JPG/120px-Nicholls%27_frieze_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Nicholls%27_frieze_1.JPG/180px-Nicholls%27_frieze_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Nicholls%27_frieze_1.JPG/240px-Nicholls%27_frieze_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:One_of_Nicholl%27s_Characters_from_American_Literaturet.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/One_of_Nicholl%27s_Characters_from_American_Literaturet.JPG/72px-One_of_Nicholl%27s_Characters_from_American_Literaturet.JPG" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/One_of_Nicholl%27s_Characters_from_American_Literaturet.JPG/109px-One_of_Nicholl%27s_Characters_from_American_Literaturet.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/One_of_Nicholl%27s_Characters_from_American_Literaturet.JPG/145px-One_of_Nicholl%27s_Characters_from_American_Literaturet.JPG 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Great_Hall">The Great Hall</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Great Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Study_or_library">Study or library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Study or library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astor's study, located off the gallery and overlooking the Thames, held his vast collection of collectible books and art. It was also home to business meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The room was described by a London area architect thus: </p> <blockquote><p>There is no more curious room in London than this hall which was intended by its creator to be a sort of temple to culture and expresses in a curious way his own tastes in art and literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>From the pencil cedar panel walls, 35-foot mahogany ceilings and doors, Astor adorned the room with Spanish <a href="/wiki/Mahogany" title="Mahogany">mahogany</a> panelling, carving, such as the <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers" title="The Three Musketeers">Four Musketeers</a> and decorations. Accoutrements of the room included <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> floors, <a href="/wiki/Persian_rug" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian rug">Persian rugs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandelier" title="Chandelier">chandeliers</a>, and portraits of himself and his ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located by his desk in the library was a spinning wheel of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sir_George_Frampton’s_panels"><span id="Sir_George_Frampton.E2.80.99s_panels"></span>Sir George Frampton’s panels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sir George Frampton’s panels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The entrance door to the Great Hall is made of mahogany, has a beautifully carved head and nine decorative panels in silver gilt by <a href="/wiki/George_Frampton" title="George Frampton">Sir George James Frampton</a>. These panels, which were exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a> prior to installation in the house, depict in low relief the nine heroines of the Arthurian Legend, to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a>’s version, of which <a href="/wiki/Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennyson">Tennyson</a> gave a new interpretation. The first two panels depict the "Lady of the Isle of Avelyon" and "<a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine</a>" ("The lily maid of Astolat"). The third, fourth and fifth panels depict "<a href="/wiki/The_Lady_of_the_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lady of the Lake">The Lady of the Lake</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a>" (for whom "A man had given all other bliss/And all his worldly worth for this/To waste his whole heart in one kiss/Upon her perfect lips"). The sixth, seventh and eighth panels depict "La Beale Isoude", "Lyonors" and "Enid". The ninth and final panel depicts "Alis la Beale Pilgrim".<sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Temple_Place,_Astor_House_-_Lady_Astor%27s_office_door.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Two_Temple_Place%2C_Astor_House_-_Lady_Astor%27s_office_door.jpg/90px-Two_Temple_Place%2C_Astor_House_-_Lady_Astor%27s_office_door.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Two_Temple_Place%2C_Astor_House_-_Lady_Astor%27s_office_door.jpg/135px-Two_Temple_Place%2C_Astor_House_-_Lady_Astor%27s_office_door.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Two_Temple_Place%2C_Astor_House_-_Lady_Astor%27s_office_door.jpg/180px-Two_Temple_Place%2C_Astor_House_-_Lady_Astor%27s_office_door.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="4374" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:First_panel_Frampton_Door.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lady of the Isle of Avelyon"><img alt="The Lady of the Isle of Avelyon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/First_panel_Frampton_Door.JPG/106px-First_panel_Frampton_Door.JPG" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/First_panel_Frampton_Door.JPG/159px-First_panel_Frampton_Door.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/First_panel_Frampton_Door.JPG/211px-First_panel_Frampton_Door.JPG 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Lady of the Isle of Avelyon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frampton_low_relief.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat"><img alt="Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Frampton_low_relief.JPG/103px-Frampton_low_relief.JPG" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Frampton_low_relief.JPG/154px-Frampton_low_relief.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Frampton_low_relief.JPG/206px-Frampton_low_relief.JPG 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Elaine, the lily maid of Astolat</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Third_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lady of the Lake"><img alt="The Lady of the Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Third_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG/106px-Third_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Third_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG/158px-Third_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Third_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG/211px-Third_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Lady of the Lake</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Morgan le Fay"><img alt="Morgan le Fay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Fourth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG/120px-Fourth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Fourth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG/180px-Fourth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Fourth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG/240px-Fourth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Morgan le Fay</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fifth_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Guinevere"><img alt="Guinevere" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fifth_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG/120px-Fifth_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fifth_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG/180px-Fifth_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fifth_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG/240px-Fifth_panel_on_Frampton_Door.JPG 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="638" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Guinevere</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_sixth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="La Beale Isoude"><img alt="La Beale Isoude" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_sixth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG/113px-The_sixth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_sixth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG/170px-The_sixth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/The_sixth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG/226px-The_sixth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">La Beale Isoude</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyonors.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lyonors"><img alt="Lyonors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Lyonors.JPG/112px-Lyonors.JPG" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Lyonors.JPG/167px-Lyonors.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Lyonors.JPG/223px-Lyonors.JPG 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lyonors</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eighth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Enid"><img alt="Enid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Eighth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG/120px-Eighth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Eighth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG/180px-Eighth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Eighth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG/240px-Eighth_panel_on_Frampton_door.JPG 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="661" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Enid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ninth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Alis la Beale Pilgrim"><img alt="Alis la Beale Pilgrim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ninth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG/107px-Ninth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ninth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG/161px-Ninth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ninth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG/215px-Ninth_panel_in_Frampton_door.JPG 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alis la Beale Pilgrim</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nathaniel_Hitch’s_frieze"><span id="Nathaniel_Hitch.E2.80.99s_frieze"></span>Nathaniel Hitch’s frieze</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nathaniel Hitch’s frieze"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Great Hall extends the whole length of the building on the river front. The walls are panelled in pencil cedar and surmounted by a frieze in which fifty-four portraits of the heads of characters famous in history and fiction, have been modelled, carved in low relief and then gilded. These 54 portraits are by the sculptor Nathaniel Hitch. The Hall is 35 feet high to the ridge and open to a hammer-beam type roof, a notable example of modern Gothic timber work made from carved Spanish mahogany.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The frieze portraits include <a href="/wiki/Juliet" title="Juliet">Juliet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Louise_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Louise of Prussia">Queen Louise of Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Coeur_de_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Coeur de Lion">Richard Coeur de Lion</a><sup id="cite_ref-siaa_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Above the frieze and standing within tracery canopies under the roof principals are twelve carved figures from literature, including <a href="/wiki/Ivanhoe" title="Ivanhoe">Ivanhoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maid_Marian" title="Maid Marian">Maid Marian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-website-friezes_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-friezes-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At either end of the Great Hall are carved pencil cedar chimney pieces and at one end there are some bench ends carved by Hitch these being fine examples of his work. Photographs of these carvings are included in the album of photographs of Hitch's work held at the Henry Moore Archive in Leeds. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Hitch_Carvings.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Two further Hitch portraits from the Great Hall."><img alt="Two further Hitch portraits from the Great Hall." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Two_Hitch_Carvings.JPG/120px-Two_Hitch_Carvings.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Two_Hitch_Carvings.JPG/180px-Two_Hitch_Carvings.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Two_Hitch_Carvings.JPG/240px-Two_Hitch_Carvings.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="545" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two further Hitch portraits from the Great Hall.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitch_Literary_Figures.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Three further Hitch portraits from the Great Hall."><img alt="Three further Hitch portraits from the Great Hall." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Hitch_Literary_Figures.JPG/120px-Hitch_Literary_Figures.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Hitch_Literary_Figures.JPG/180px-Hitch_Literary_Figures.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Hitch_Literary_Figures.JPG/240px-Hitch_Literary_Figures.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="311" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Three further Hitch portraits from the Great Hall.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathaniel_Hitch-_Juliet.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Juliet's portrait by Hitch in the Great Hall frieze."><img alt="Juliet's portrait by Hitch in the Great Hall frieze." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nathaniel_Hitch-_Juliet.JPG/71px-Nathaniel_Hitch-_Juliet.JPG" decoding="async" width="71" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nathaniel_Hitch-_Juliet.JPG/107px-Nathaniel_Hitch-_Juliet.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nathaniel_Hitch-_Juliet.JPG/142px-Nathaniel_Hitch-_Juliet.JPG 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Juliet's portrait by Hitch in the Great Hall frieze.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Further_literary_figures_by_Hitch.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Another photograph of Hitch’s carvings on the frieze in the Great Hall."><img alt="Another photograph of Hitch’s carvings on the frieze in the Great Hall." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Further_literary_figures_by_Hitch.JPG/120px-Further_literary_figures_by_Hitch.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Further_literary_figures_by_Hitch.JPG/180px-Further_literary_figures_by_Hitch.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Further_literary_figures_by_Hitch.JPG/240px-Further_literary_figures_by_Hitch.JPG 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="163" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another photograph of Hitch’s carvings on the frieze in the Great Hall.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitch_Heads.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Another photograph of Hitch’s carvings on the frieze in the Great Hall."><img alt="Another photograph of Hitch’s carvings on the frieze in the Great Hall." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hitch_Heads.JPG/120px-Hitch_Heads.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hitch_Heads.JPG/180px-Hitch_Heads.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hitch_Heads.JPG/240px-Hitch_Heads.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another photograph of Hitch’s carvings on the frieze in the Great Hall.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitch_Seat_End.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hitch carving on seat-end."><img alt="Hitch carving on seat-end." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hitch_Seat_End.JPG/120px-Hitch_Seat_End.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hitch_Seat_End.JPG/180px-Hitch_Seat_End.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hitch_Seat_End.JPG/240px-Hitch_Seat_End.JPG 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hitch carving on seat-end.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitch_carving_on_seat_end_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="close-up of Hitch carving on seat-end."><img alt="close-up of Hitch carving on seat-end." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hitch_carving_on_seat_end_%282%29.JPG/109px-Hitch_carving_on_seat_end_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hitch_carving_on_seat_end_%282%29.JPG/164px-Hitch_carving_on_seat_end_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Hitch_carving_on_seat_end_%282%29.JPG/218px-Hitch_carving_on_seat_end_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="259" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">close-up of Hitch carving on seat-end.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stained-glass_windows">Stained-glass windows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Stained-glass windows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the eastern and western ends of the Great Hall are <a href="/wiki/Stained-glass_window" class="mw-redirect" title="Stained-glass window">stained-glass windows</a> which are the work of <a href="/wiki/Clayton_and_Bell" title="Clayton and Bell">Clayton and Bell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of these is called <i>A Swiss Summer Landscape</i> and includes Thun Castle in the Swiss Canton of Bern. Clayton and Bell often collaborated with John Loughborough Pearson, their other work including the stained-glass windows at <a href="/wiki/Truro_Cathedral" title="Truro Cathedral">Truro Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panel_of_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Panel of stained-glass window."><img alt="Panel of stained-glass window." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Panel_of_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/63px-Panel_of_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG" decoding="async" width="63" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Panel_of_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/94px-Panel_of_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Panel_of_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/125px-Panel_of_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panel of stained-glass window.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Part_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Part of stained-glass window."><img alt="Part of stained-glass window." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Part_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/120px-Part_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Part_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/180px-Part_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Part_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/240px-Part_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="781" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Part of stained-glass window.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stained_Glass_Window.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="View of one of Clayton and Bell’s stained-glass windows."><img alt="View of one of Clayton and Bell’s stained-glass windows." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/120px-Stained_Glass_Window.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/180px-Stained_Glass_Window.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/240px-Stained_Glass_Window.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of one of Clayton and Bell’s stained-glass windows.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Another_panel_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the panels."><img alt="One of the panels." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Another_panel_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/120px-Another_panel_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Another_panel_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/180px-Another_panel_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Another_panel_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG/240px-Another_panel_Stained_Glass_Window.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the panels.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exterior">Exterior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Exterior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_Ship_2TemplePlace.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="J.Starkie Gardner’s weather vane over 2 Temple Place."><img alt="J.Starkie Gardner’s weather vane over 2 Temple Place." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Columbus_Ship_2TemplePlace.JPG/89px-Columbus_Ship_2TemplePlace.JPG" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Columbus_Ship_2TemplePlace.JPG/134px-Columbus_Ship_2TemplePlace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Columbus_Ship_2TemplePlace.JPG/179px-Columbus_Ship_2TemplePlace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">J.Starkie Gardner’s weather vane over 2 Temple Place.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_Shot.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior view of 2 Temple Place showing machicolated parapets."><img alt="Exterior view of 2 Temple Place showing machicolated parapets." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Exterior_Shot.JPG/120px-Exterior_Shot.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Exterior_Shot.JPG/180px-Exterior_Shot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Exterior_Shot.JPG/240px-Exterior_Shot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior view of 2 Temple Place showing machicolated parapets.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portico_at_Temple_Place.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="View of portico with good example of Nathaniel Hitch carving in stone-work."><img alt="View of portico with good example of Nathaniel Hitch carving in stone-work." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Portico_at_Temple_Place.JPG/120px-Portico_at_Temple_Place.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Portico_at_Temple_Place.JPG/180px-Portico_at_Temple_Place.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Portico_at_Temple_Place.JPG/240px-Portico_at_Temple_Place.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of portico with good example of Nathaniel Hitch carving in stone-work.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_2_TemplePlace_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Another view of exterior of building"><img alt="Another view of exterior of building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Exterior_2_TemplePlace_2.JPG/120px-Exterior_2_TemplePlace_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Exterior_2_TemplePlace_2.JPG/180px-Exterior_2_TemplePlace_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Exterior_2_TemplePlace_2.JPG/240px-Exterior_2_TemplePlace_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="261" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another view of exterior of building</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grotesque_by_Nathaniel_Hitch_-_2_Temple_Place._Embankment._London.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nathaniel Hitch “Grotesque”"><img alt="Nathaniel Hitch “Grotesque”" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Grotesque_by_Nathaniel_Hitch_-_2_Temple_Place._Embankment._London.JPG/111px-Grotesque_by_Nathaniel_Hitch_-_2_Temple_Place._Embankment._London.JPG" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Grotesque_by_Nathaniel_Hitch_-_2_Temple_Place._Embankment._London.JPG/167px-Grotesque_by_Nathaniel_Hitch_-_2_Temple_Place._Embankment._London.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Grotesque_by_Nathaniel_Hitch_-_2_Temple_Place._Embankment._London.JPG/222px-Grotesque_by_Nathaniel_Hitch_-_2_Temple_Place._Embankment._London.JPG 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nathaniel Hitch “Grotesque”</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:More_Hitch_Grotesques.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Another Nathaniel Hitch “Grotesque”"><img alt="Another Nathaniel Hitch “Grotesque”" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/More_Hitch_Grotesques.JPG/120px-More_Hitch_Grotesques.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/More_Hitch_Grotesques.JPG/180px-More_Hitch_Grotesques.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/More_Hitch_Grotesques.JPG/240px-More_Hitch_Grotesques.JPG 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another Nathaniel Hitch “Grotesque”</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_of_2_Temple_Place_44.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior of 2 Temple Place"><img alt="Exterior of 2 Temple Place" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Exterior_of_2_Temple_Place_44.JPG/116px-Exterior_of_2_Temple_Place_44.JPG" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Exterior_of_2_Temple_Place_44.JPG/174px-Exterior_of_2_Temple_Place_44.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Exterior_of_2_Temple_Place_44.JPG/232px-Exterior_of_2_Temple_Place_44.JPG 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior of 2 Temple Place</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathaniel_Hitch_Carving_Exterior_2_Temple_Place.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nathaniel Hitch carvings on exterior."><img alt="Nathaniel Hitch carvings on exterior." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Nathaniel_Hitch_Carving_Exterior_2_Temple_Place.jpg/120px-Nathaniel_Hitch_Carving_Exterior_2_Temple_Place.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Nathaniel_Hitch_Carving_Exterior_2_Temple_Place.jpg/180px-Nathaniel_Hitch_Carving_Exterior_2_Temple_Place.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Nathaniel_Hitch_Carving_Exterior_2_Temple_Place.jpg/240px-Nathaniel_Hitch_Carving_Exterior_2_Temple_Place.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nathaniel Hitch carvings on exterior.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitch_carving_over_Portico.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nathaniel Hitch carving over 2 Temple Place entrance."><img alt="Nathaniel Hitch carving over 2 Temple Place entrance." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Hitch_carving_over_Portico.JPG/120px-Hitch_carving_over_Portico.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Hitch_carving_over_Portico.JPG/180px-Hitch_carving_over_Portico.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Hitch_carving_over_Portico.JPG/240px-Hitch_carving_over_Portico.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="297" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nathaniel Hitch carving over 2 Temple Place entrance.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitch%27s_carvings_on_exterior.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Example of intricacy of Hitch’s carvings"><img alt="Example of intricacy of Hitch’s carvings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hitch%27s_carvings_on_exterior.JPG/100px-Hitch%27s_carvings_on_exterior.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hitch%27s_carvings_on_exterior.JPG/151px-Hitch%27s_carvings_on_exterior.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hitch%27s_carvings_on_exterior.JPG/201px-Hitch%27s_carvings_on_exterior.JPG 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Example of intricacy of Hitch’s carvings</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interior">Interior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Interior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="One of seven “Robin Hood” themed bronzes on main staircase."><img alt="One of seven “Robin Hood” themed bronzes on main staircase." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bronze_2.JPG/120px-Bronze_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bronze_2.JPG/180px-Bronze_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bronze_2.JPG/240px-Bronze_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of seven “Robin Hood” themed bronzes on main staircase.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carvings_on_Fireplace.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Carvings on fireplace."><img alt="Carvings on fireplace." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Carvings_on_Fireplace.JPG/120px-Carvings_on_Fireplace.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Carvings_on_Fireplace.JPG/180px-Carvings_on_Fireplace.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Carvings_on_Fireplace.JPG/240px-Carvings_on_Fireplace.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carvings on fireplace.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are also source that say that he built the place.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One source says that he commissioned an extensive $1.5 million renovation. And another says that he built the building for £250,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Long_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By this time Astor had few emotional ties to the United States. By 1895, his parents and wife Mamie (d. December 1894) were both dead and he was at odds with family members. Being one of the richest men in the world, he had the capability of developing a sumptuous new life in England.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Astor was extremely security conscious, fearing for kidnapping of his children and enduring harm himself. With a touch of a button, Astor could bar and lock all windows and entrances of his home. He kept guns in his home for protection. This was at least partly as a result Astor having met with an Italian fortune-teller during a visit to Rome who had warned him of danger that he might endure.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another of his homes, <a href="/wiki/Hever_Castle" title="Hever Castle">Hever Castle</a>, had its drawbridge brought up each night.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filmlondon.org.uk/resource/two-temple-place">"Two Temple Place"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Temple+Place&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilmlondon.org.uk%2Fresource%2Ftwo-temple-place&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+Temple+Place" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, Rowan (15 October 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/oct/16/two-temple-place-university-arts-review">"Two Temple Place; University of the Arts London – review</a>: Viscount Astor's stately old HQ – lavish, ornate and stuffed with cultural trophies – is to be opened as a new gallery space." London: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/sculpture/nicholls/12.html"><i>Uncas</i> and other works by Nicholls</a>. Victorian Web. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/sculpture/frampton/63.html"><i>Lady of the Isle of Avelyon</i> and other works by Frampton</a>. Victorian Web. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/sculpture/hitch/index.html">"Nathaniel Hitch (1845–1938)"</a>. Victorian Web. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siaa-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siaa_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander, J. R. Willis (1935). "Incorporated Accountants' Hall. Its History and Architecture." The Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-website-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-website_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twotempleplace.org/">Home page</a>, Two Temple Place. Retrieved 21 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaplan-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaplan, Justin (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lIHzB6KcFeIC&pg=PT109"><i>When the Astors Owned New York: Blue Bloods and Grand Hotels in a Gilded Age.</i></a> New York: Penguin Books, p. PT 109. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1012-1881-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1012-1881-5">978-1-1012-1881-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/pearson/6.html">"Two Temple Place. London WC2. John Loughborough Pearson (1817–1897)"</a>. Victorian Web. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, Gordon (2006). <i>The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts: Two-volume Set, Volume 1</i>. Oxford University Press, pp. 281–282. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195189485" title="Special:BookSources/0195189485">0195189485</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> "An American Viscount's Hobbies: The Late Lord Astor's Costly Estates and Expensive Journalism." <i>Munsey's Magazine</i>, Vol. 72, 1921, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Long-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Long_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Long_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Long, Kieran (2 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/arts/architecture/gothic-glory-two-temple-place-6363921.html">"Gothic glory: Two Temple Place"</a>, <i>London Evening Standard</i>. Retrieved 21 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaplin, Justin (2007). <i>When the Astors Owned New York: Blue Bloods and Grand Hotels in a Gilded Age</i>. Penguin Books. Chapter 7. He was naturalized as a citizen of Britain in 1899.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madsen, Axel (2001). <i>John Jacob Astor: America's First Multimillionaire.</i> John Wiley & Sons, p. 283. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-38503-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-38503-4">0-471-38503-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strachan-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strachan_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strachan_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strachan_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Strachan, Donald (2012), <i>Frommer's London 2013.</i> Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, p. 110. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-28862-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-28862-7">978-1-118-28862-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architecture.com/WhatsOn/Talks/VictoriaandAlbertMuseum/2012/Spring/JohnLoughboroughPearson.aspx">John Loughborough Pearson: The founder of The modern school of Gothic architecture</a>. Royal Institute of British Architects. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twotempleplace.co.uk/hist05.html">The Craftsmanship</a>. Two Temple Place. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twotempleplace.co.uk/hist01.html">"The Builder – His Predecessors and Successors"</a>. Two Temple Place. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2 Temple Place, Headquarters of the Smith & Nephew Group of Companies</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyle, Susan (24 July 1944), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westendatwar.org.uk/page_id__204_path__0p28p.aspx">"Electra House, Temple Place WC2"</a>. West End at War. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Povey, P. J., and Reg A. J. Earl (1988). <i>Vintage Telephones of the World, History of Technology Series</i>. IET. Contributed by Science Museum, Great Britain. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0863411401" title="Special:BookSources/0863411401">0863411401</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/sculpture/nicholls/1.html">"Character from Dumas' Three Musketeers"</a>. Victorian Web. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-website-friezes-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-website-friezes_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twotempleplace.co.uk/hist12.html">"Details of the Great Hall Frieze"</a>, Two Temple Place. Retrieved 21 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/art/stainedglass/clayton/3.html">Stained Glass by Clayton and Bell</a>. Victorian Web. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cathedralsplus.org.uk/index.php/front_end/member/73/about.html">Truro Cathedral</a>. Cathedral Plus. Retrieved 22 August 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStourton2012" class="citation book cs1">Stourton, James (2012). <i>Great Houses of London</i>. London: Frances Lincoln. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-711-23366-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-711-23366-9"><bdi>978-0-711-23366-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Houses+of+London&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frances+Lincoln&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-711-23366-9&rft.aulast=Stourton&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+Temple+Place" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Temple_Place&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Template:Museums and galleries in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Template talk:Museums and galleries in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Museums and galleries in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Museums_and_galleries_in_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_London" title="List of museums in London">Museums and galleries in London</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="National_museums" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">National museums</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horniman_Museum" title="Horniman Museum">Horniman Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Home" title="Museum of the Home">Museum of the Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_Museum" title="National Army Museum">National Army Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Museum_London" title="Royal Air Force Museum London">Royal Air Force Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Soane%27s_Museum" title="Sir John Soane's Museum">Sir John Soane's Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_War_Rooms" title="Churchill War Rooms">Churchill War Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Belfast" title="HMS Belfast">HMS <i>Belfast</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_Greenwich" title="Royal Museums Greenwich">Royal Museums Greenwich</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark" title="Cutty Sark">Cutty Sark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_House" title="Queen's House">Queen's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_Group" title="Science Museum Group">Science Museum Group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_V%26A" title="Young V&A">Young V&A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Designated_collections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Designation_Scheme" title="Designation Scheme">Designated collections</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Gallery" title="Courtauld Gallery">Courtauld Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Picture_Gallery" title="Dulwich Picture Gallery">Dulwich Picture Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunterian_Museum,_London" title="Hunterian Museum, London">Hunterian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_London" title="Jewish Museum London">Jewish Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Transport_Museum" title="London Transport Museum">London Transport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Domestic_Design_and_Architecture" title="Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture">Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Freemasonry" title="Museum of Freemasonry">Museum of Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology" title="Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology">Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Museum_of_London" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_London" title="Museum of London">Museum of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Museum_Docklands" title="London Museum Docklands">London Museum Docklands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Other_museums_and_galleries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other museums and galleries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_Football_Club_Museum" title="Arsenal Football Club Museum">Arsenal Football Club Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England_Museum" title="Bank of England Museum">Bank of England Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbican_Centre" title="Barbican Centre">Barbican Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Uri_Gallery_%26_Museum" title="Ben Uri Gallery & Museum">Ben Uri Gallery & Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_House" title="Benjamin Franklin House">Benjamin Franklin House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Street_Police_Museum" title="Bow Street Police Museum">Bow Street Police Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens_Museum" title="Charles Dickens Museum">Charles Dickens Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Severs%27_House" title="Dennis Severs' House">Dennis Severs' House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Museum" title="Design Museum">Design Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr_Johnson%27s_House" title="Dr Johnson's House">Dr Johnson's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estorick_Collection_of_Modern_Italian_Art" title="Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art">Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_Textile_Museum" title="Fashion and Textile Museum">Fashion and Textile Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Museum" title="Garden Museum">Garden Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery" title="Guildhall Art Gallery">Guildhall Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Place" title="Hall Place">Hall Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handel_%26_Hendrix_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Handel & Hendrix in London">Handel & Hendrix in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayward_Gallery" title="Hayward Gallery">Hayward Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth%27s_House" title="Hogarth's House">Hogarth's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts" title="Institute of Contemporary Arts">Institute of Contemporary Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leighton_House_Museum" title="Leighton House Museum">Leighton House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Museum_of_Water_%26_Steam" title="London Museum of Water & Steam">London Museum of Water & Steam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markfield_Beam_Engine_and_Museum" title="Markfield Beam Engine and Museum">Markfield Beam Engine and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Museum,_London" title="Migration Museum, London">Migration Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Brands" title="Museum of Brands">Museum of Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Immigration_and_Diversity" title="Museum of Immigration and Diversity">Museum of Immigration and Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_House" title="Orleans House">Orleans House Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_Museum,_London" title="Postal Museum, London">Postal Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music_Museum" title="Royal Academy of Music Museum">Royal Academy of Music Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saatchi_Gallery" title="Saatchi Gallery">Saatchi Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_Galleries" title="Serpentine Galleries">Serpentine Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum" title="Sherlock Holmes Museum">Sherlock Holmes Museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Two Temple Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_Gallery" title="Whitechapel Gallery">Whitechapel Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris_Gallery" title="William Morris Gallery">William Morris Gallery</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/The_London_Museums_of_Health_%26_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="The London Museums of Health & Medicine">The London Museums of<br />Health & Medicine</a> (selected)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale_Museum" title="Florence Nightingale Museum">Florence Nightingale Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundling_Museum" title="Foundling Museum">Foundling Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freud_Museum" title="Freud Museum">Freud Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Order_of_St_John" title="Museum of the Order of St John">Museum of the Order of St John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Operating_Theatre_Museum_and_Herb_Garret" title="Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret">Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Collection" title="Wellcome Collection">Wellcome Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;">Local history museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnet_Museum" title="Barnet Museum">Barnet Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Castle" title="Bruce Castle">Bruce Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgh_House" title="Burgh House">Burgh House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuming_Museum" title="Cuming Museum">Cuming Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Hall" title="Forty Hall">Forty Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Heritage_Centre" title="Greenwich Heritage Centre">Greenwich Heritage Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnersbury_Park" title="Gunnersbury Park">Gunnersbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_Museum" title="Hackney Museum">Hackney Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havering_Museum" title="Havering Museum">Havering Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headstone_Manor_and_Museum" title="Headstone Manor and Museum">Headstone Manor and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_Museum" title="Islington Museum">Islington Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Museum" title="Kingston Museum">Kingston Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Croydon" title="Museum of Croydon">Museum of Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Richmond" title="Museum of Richmond">Museum of Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Wimbledon" title="Museum of Wimbledon">Museum of Wimbledon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Museum" title="Twickenham Museum">Twickenham Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_House_Museum" title="Valence House Museum">Valence House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestry_House_Museum" title="Vestry House Museum">Vestry House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Museum" title="Wandsworth Museum">Wandsworth Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall,_Cheam" title="Whitehall, Cheam">Whitehall Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Collection Trust">Royal Collection Trust</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gallery" title="King's Gallery">King's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces" title="Historic Royal Palaces">Historic Royal Palaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banqueting_House,_Whitehall" class="mw-redirect" title="Banqueting House, Whitehall">Banqueting House, Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a></li> <li><a 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