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href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perenelle_Flamel" title="Perenelle Flamel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Perenelle Flamel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BB" title="Περνέλη Φλαμέλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περνέλη Φλαμέλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernelle_Flamel" title="Pernelle Flamel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pernelle Flamel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perenelle_Flamel" title="Perenelle Flamel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Perenelle Flamel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%9C" title="פרנל פלאמל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנל פלאמל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perenelle_Flamel" title="Perenelle Flamel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Perenelle Flamel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perenelle_Flamel" title="Perenelle Flamel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Perenelle Flamel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Перенелла Фламель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перенелла Фламель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perenelle_Flamel" title="Perenelle Flamel – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Perenelle Flamel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1323349#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perenelle_Flamel" title="View the content page [c]" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wife of the 14th-century scribe Nicolas Flamel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Perenelle_Flamel##" title="Talk:Perenelle Flamel">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perenelle_Flamel&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Perenelle+Flamel%22">"Perenelle Flamel"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Perenelle+Flamel%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Perenelle+Flamel%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Perenelle+Flamel%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Perenelle+Flamel%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Perenelle+Flamel%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portail_de_Saint_Jacques_de_la_Boucherie.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Portail_de_Saint_Jacques_de_la_Boucherie.jpeg/300px-Portail_de_Saint_Jacques_de_la_Boucherie.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Portail_de_Saint_Jacques_de_la_Boucherie.jpeg/450px-Portail_de_Saint_Jacques_de_la_Boucherie.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Portail_de_Saint_Jacques_de_la_Boucherie.jpeg/600px-Portail_de_Saint_Jacques_de_la_Boucherie.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Portal of the church of <a href="/wiki/Tour_Saint-Jacques" title="Tour Saint-Jacques">Saint Jacques de la Boucherie</a>, funded by Nicolas and Perrenelle Flamel in 1389, on which they are both depicted (kneeling down at left and right)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Perenelle Flamel</b> (October 13, 1320 – 1397) was the wife of the famous 14th-century scribe <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Flamel" title="Nicolas Flamel">Nicolas Flamel</a>. She was a generous benefactress who invested her wealth in churches and hostels and commissioned religious sculptures. Due to legends which first appeared in the 17th century, she has since developed a reputation as a successful <a href="/wiki/Alchemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemist">alchemist</a>. Like her husband, Perenelle has had a street in Paris, France named after her, Rue Pernelle. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perenelle_Flamel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are few confirmed details about Perenelle's place of birth and early life. Perenelle married Nicolas in 1368. She had two previous husbands and brought their fortune to the marriage. The couple remained childless.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon1994,xvi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon1994,xvi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She and her husband were devout Roman Catholics. The couple contributed to the church by commissioning several sculptures. Nicolas continued this practice after his wife's death.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon1994,xvi_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon1994,xvi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple is depicted on the portal of the Chapel of St. James of the Boucherie praying at the feet of St. John, a sculpture which they financed in 1389. They owned several properties and contributed to the building of poor houses. </p><p>The spelling of her name varies and is sometimes given as Perrenelle, Petronelle or Pernelle. There is no historical record indicating that she or her husband were the successful alchemists of later legend. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perenelle_Flamel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perenelle died in 1397. She left her husband a sum of 5,300 <a href="/wiki/Livre_tournois" title="Livre tournois">Tours pounds</a>. This sum was then contested in court by her sister and brother-in-law. The sister won the amounts left to Flamel.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon1994,xvii_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon1994,xvii-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputation_as_an_alchemist">Reputation as an alchemist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perenelle_Flamel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reputation as an alchemist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Flamel" title="Nicolas Flamel">Nicolas Flamel</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flamel_Perenelle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flamel_Perenelle.png/260px-Flamel_Perenelle.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flamel_Perenelle.png/390px-Flamel_Perenelle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Flamel_Perenelle.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>Woodcut from the <i>Booke of Hieroglyphicall Figures</i>, given as a representation of Nicolas and Perenelle Flamel</figcaption></figure> <p>Perenelle's reputation as an alchemist stems from a book written in 1612, allegedly authored by her husband. However, Nicolas' reputation as an author and immortal alchemical adept is an invention of the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon1994,xvii_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon1994,xvii-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perenelle figures prominently in the introduction of this <i>Booke of Hieroglyphicall Figures</i>, where the character of Nicolas outlines his quest for the <a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_stone" title="Philosopher's stone">philosopher's stone</a>. In this story, Perenelle witnesses <a href="/wiki/Projection_(alchemy)" title="Projection (alchemy)">alchemical projections</a> and aids in <a href="/wiki/Chrysopoeia" title="Chrysopoeia">chrysopoeia</a> (gold-making).<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon1994,14_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon1994,14-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perenelle_in_fiction">Perenelle in fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perenelle_Flamel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Perenelle in fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Alchemy_in_art_and_entertainment" title="Alchemy in art and entertainment">Alchemy in art and entertainment</a></div> <p>Perenelle's posthumous reputation as an alchemist has led to her portrayal in fantasy fiction alongside her husband. </p> <ul><li>She is mentioned briefly in <i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone" title="Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone">Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a>, though neither she nor her husband actually appears.</li> <li>Perenelle and Nicolas Flamel are central characters in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secrets_of_the_Immortal_Nicholas_Flamel" title="The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel">The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel</a></i>, a series of six fantasy novels written by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Irish_author)" title="Michael Scott (Irish author)">Michael Scott</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Leigh" title="Stephen Leigh">Stephen Leigh</a> took the mystery surrounding the Flamels and wrote <i>Immortal Muse</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>She appears as a character in a crossover story between Will Eisner's <i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(comics_character)" title="Spirit (comics character)">The Spirit</a></i> and Chester Gould's <i><a href="/wiki/Dick_Tracy" title="Dick Tracy">Dick Tracy</a></i> in the long-running Dick Tracy comic strip.</li> <li>In several entries in the <i><a href="/wiki/Puella_Magi_Madoka_Magica" title="Puella Magi Madoka Magica">Puella Magi Madoka Magica</a></i> Anime franchise, Perenelle appears as a rare example of an adult Puella Magi. Her most prominent appearance is in the Manga spin-off <i>Puella Magi Tart Magica</i>, which is set during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>.</li> <li>Perenelle appears as a main character in the vampire/comedy film, <i>The Old Blood: Flamel's Legacy</i> in which she uses a tincture of Philosopher's Stone to artificially sustain a group of vampires.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Methods_of_Rationality" title="Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality">Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Yudkowsky" title="Eliezer Yudkowsky">Eliezer Yudkowsky</a>, Nicolas Flamel is simply a disguise of Perenelle's that she creates using the Philosopher's Stone.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perenelle_Flamel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dixon1994,xvi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dixon1994,xvi_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dixon1994,xvi_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDixon1994" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Laurinda (1994). <i>Nicolas Flamel. His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures (1624)</i>. Garland Publishing. p. xvi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicolas+Flamel.+His+Exposition+of+the+Hieroglyphicall+Figures+%281624%29&rft.pages=xvi&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Laurinda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerenelle+Flamel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dixon1994,xvii-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dixon1994,xvii_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dixon1994,xvii_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon1994" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Laurinda (1994). <i>Nicolas Flamel. His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures (1624)</i>. Garland Publishing. p. xvii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicolas+Flamel.+His+Exposition+of+the+Hieroglyphicall+Figures+%281624%29&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Laurinda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerenelle+Flamel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dixon1994,14-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dixon1994,14_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon1994" class="citation book cs1">Dixon, Laurinda (1994). <i>Nicolas Flamel. His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall Figures (1624)</i>. Garland Publishing. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicolas+Flamel.+His+Exposition+of+the+Hieroglyphicall+Figures+%281624%29&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Garland+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Laurinda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerenelle+Flamel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perenelle_Flamel&oldid=1220285259">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perenelle_Flamel&oldid=1220285259</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_alchemists" title="Category:French alchemists">French alchemists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1397_deaths" title="Category:1397 deaths">1397 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:14th-century_alchemists" title="Category:14th-century alchemists">14th-century alchemists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:14th-century_French_women" title="Category:14th-century French women">14th-century French women</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_philanthropists" title="Category:French philanthropists">French philanthropists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_women_philanthropists" title="Category:French women philanthropists">French women philanthropists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_patrons_of_the_arts" title="Category:French patrons of the arts">French patrons of the arts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1320_births" title="Category:1320 births">1320 births</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2020" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2020">Articles needing additional references from March 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_unknown" title="Category:Year of birth unknown">Year of birth unknown</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 April 2024, at 21:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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