CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>CU Blog Service – Cornell University Blog Service</title><meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large'/><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.typekit.net'/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CU Blog Service » Feed" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/feed/"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CU Blog Service » Comments Feed" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/comments/feed/"/><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/blogs.cornell.edu\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=36893252"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script><link rel='stylesheet' id='formidable-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu?load_frmpro_css=true&ver=797632846' type='text/css' media='all'/><style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; }</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=2000114086' type='text/css' media='all'/><style id='safe-svg-svg-icon-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover .safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-cover svg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=1286742448' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=1391363856' type='text/css' media='all'/><style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}</style><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>/*! This file is auto-generated */.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}.wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='freight-css-css' href='//use.typekit.net/nwp2wku.css?ver=435856945' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cwd-base-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/css/base.css?ver=1236132520' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cornell-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/css/cornell.css?ver=327941073' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cwd-card-slider-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/css/cwd_card_slider.css?ver=733193998' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cwd-gallery-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/css/cwd_gallery.css?ver=1789832264' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cwd-slider-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/css/cwd_slider.css?ver=209725372' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cwd-utilities-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/css/cwd_utilities.css?ver=1943161901' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cwd-wp-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/css/cwd_wp.css?ver=1566425158' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cwd-twitter-widget-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/css/twitter-widget.css?ver=214793308' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cwd-formidable-validation-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/css/formidable_validation.css?ver=252764376' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cornell-font-fa-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/fonts/font-awesome.min.css?ver=1599695274' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cornell-font-zmdi-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/fonts/material-design-iconic-font.min.css?ver=1954605120' type='text/css' media='all'/><link rel='stylesheet' id='cwd-project-css-css' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/css/project.css?ver=114407755' type='text/css' media='all'/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=1388745509" id="jquery-core-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1632540188" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-json/"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/4"/><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/xmlrpc.php?rsd"/><meta name="generator" content="CU Blog Service 6.5.5 - https://blogs.cornell.edu"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/"/><link rel='shortlink' href='https://blogs.cornell.edu/'/><link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.cornell.edu%2F"/><link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.cornell.edu%2F&format=xml"/> <style> @media screen and (max-width: 782px) { #wpadminbar li#wp-admin-bar-log-in, #wpadminbar li#wp-admin-bar-register { display: block; } #wpadminbar li#wp-admin-bar-log-in a, #wpadminbar li#wp-admin-bar-register a { padding: 0 8px; } } </style><style id="simpler-css-style" type="text/css">/* Header - reduce white space*/.site-header { padding: 8px 0;}body .site { margin-bottom: .4rem;}footer-content-eb { max-width: 68.5714rem; overflow: hidden;}/*make background green with a grey bottom border */.nav-menu { background: #006633; border:0; border-bottom: 1px solid #ededed;}/*space out from the left edge */.main-navigation li { padding-left:15px;}/*make the font color white and bold */.main-navigation li a { border-bottom: 0; color: #fff; font-weight:bold; line-height: 2.5; }/*make the drop down boxes smaller */.main-navigation li ul li {padding-left:0; }.main-navigation li ul li a { background: #444; border-bottom: 1px solid #000; border-left: 1px solid #ccc; display: block; font-size: 0.785714286rem; font-size: 11px; padding: 4px 8px; width: 140px; white-space: normal; }/* make the active sheet's font color lighter and bolder */.main-navigation .current_page_item a { color:#e7f3d3; font-weight:bold }.main-navigation .current_page_ancestor a { background-color:#e7f3d3; color: #000; padding:0 8px; border:1px solid black; }/* Navigation Menu - reduce white space */.main-navigation { margin-top: 10px;}/*reduce white space above header image */.header-image { margin-top: 8px; margin-top: .5rem;}.widget-area { margin: 0 0 0;}.widget-area .textwidget li { margin-left: 20px;}hgroup { background: url('http://blogs.cornell.edu/ansci4h/files/2013/11/4H_ss-2170phw.png') top left no-repeat;}/* pad over to make room for the 4H clover logo */.site-title { padding-left:90px;}.site-description { padding-left:90px;}#page1 { padding:10px 10px 10px 55px; width:60em; }.col-left { width:28em; padding:2em; float:left}.col-right { width:28em; padding:2em; float:right}.page-left { text-align:left;}.page-left img { float:left;}.page-right { text-align:right;}.page-right img { float:right;}/* the follow 2 make the main content wider and the side bar narrower .widget-area { width: 16.041666667%; }.site-content { width: 77.104166667%;}*/img { margin:0 10px; }.entry-content img { border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);}/*added so that drop down menu goes in front of slideshow instead of behind it */.ngg-slideshow { z-index:0;}img.size-full { max-width: 100%; /* this is commented out in the main style sheet, causes too large image */ width: auto; height: auto; /* Make sure images with WordPress-added height and width attributes are scaled correctly */}.left-col { width: 48%; float: left;}.right-col { width: 48%; float: right;}#cols4h p { -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-gap: 1%; /* Saf3, Chrome*/ -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-gap: 1%; /* FF3.5+ */ column-count: 2; column-gap: 1%; /* Opera 11+*/}@media all and (min-width: 900px) { #cols4h p { -webkit-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-gap: 1%; /* Saf3, Chrome*/ -moz-column-count: 3; -moz-column-gap: 1%; /* FF3.5+ */ column-count: 3; column-gap: 1%; /* Opera 11+*/ }}.flexslider-item { margin-top:0; padding-top:0;}ol.flex-control-nav { display:none;}/* goat slideshow controls */.slideshow-window { background-color: #333; border: 20px solid #333; z-index: 0;}.slideshow-controls { bottom: 80px; max-width: 100%; display:block;}.slideshow-slide img { vertical-align: top; margin-top: 50px;}.slideshow-slide-caption { bottom: 55px; max-width: 100%; font-size:1.1em;}.register_button { -webkit-border-radius: 4px; -moz-border-radius: 4px; border-radius: 4px; border: solid 1px #20538D; text-shadow: 0 -1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4), 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4), 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4), 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); background: #dddddd; color: #000; padding: 8px 12px; text-decoration: none;} /* Preventing the Create Site link from appearing on homepage */li#wp-admin-bar-create-site{ display:none; }</style><script>document.documentElement.className += " js";</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var jQueryMigrateHelperHasSentDowngrade = false; window.onerror = function( msg, url, line, col, error ) { // Break out early, do not processing if a downgrade reqeust was already sent. if ( jQueryMigrateHelperHasSentDowngrade ) { return true; } var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); var nonce = '9fac50cb38'; var jQueryFunctions = [ 'andSelf', 'browser', 'live', 'boxModel', 'support.boxModel', 'size', 'swap', 'clean', 'sub', ]; var match_pattern = /\)\.(.+?) is not a function/; var erroredFunction = msg.match( match_pattern ); // If there was no matching functions, do not try to downgrade. if ( null === erroredFunction || typeof erroredFunction !== 'object' || typeof erroredFunction[1] === "undefined" || -1 === jQueryFunctions.indexOf( erroredFunction[1] ) ) { return true; } // Set that we've now attempted a downgrade request. jQueryMigrateHelperHasSentDowngrade = true; xhr.open( 'POST', 'https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php' ); xhr.setRequestHeader( 'Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' ); xhr.onload = function () { var response, reload = false; if ( 200 === xhr.status ) { try { response = JSON.parse( xhr.response ); reload = response.data.reload; } catch ( e ) { reload = false; } } // Automatically reload the page if a deprecation caused an automatic downgrade, ensure visitors get the best possible experience. if ( reload ) { location.reload(); } }; xhr.send( encodeURI( 'action=jquery-migrate-downgrade-version&_wpnonce=' + nonce ) ); // Suppress error alerts in older browsers return true; } </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-PVFQG5SSG0&l=beehiveDataLayer"></script> <script> window.beehiveDataLayer = window.beehiveDataLayer || []; function gaplusu() {beehiveDataLayer.push(arguments);} gaplusu('js', new Date()) gaplusu('config', 'G-PVFQG5SSG0', { 'anonymize_ip': false, 'allow_google_signals': false, }) </script> <style type="text/css">/* <![CDATA[ */img.latex { vertical-align: middle; border: none; }/* ]]> */</style><style type="text/css">#wp-admin-bar-abm-login{display:block!important}body .wp-video-shortcode video,body video.wp-video-shortcode{margin:0;padding:0;background:0 0;border:none;box-shadow:none;min-width:0;height:auto;min-height:0}.screen-reader-text:not(button){clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);position:absolute!important;height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden}</style></head><body class="home page-template-default page page-id-4 sidebar sidebar-right sidebar-tint sidebar-tint-edge cu-seal"> <div id="skipnav"><a href="#main">Skip to main content</a></div> <div id="cu-search" class="cu-search"> <div class="container-fluid"> <form id="cu-search-form" tabindex="-1" role="search" action="https://blogs.cornell.edu"> <label for="cu-search-query" class="sr-only">Search:</label> <input type="text" id="cu-search-query" name="s" size="30"> <button name="btnG" id="cu-search-submit" type="submit" value="go"><span class="sr-only">Submit Search</span></button> <fieldset class="search-filters" role="radiogroup"> <legend class="sr-only">Search Filters</legend> <input type="radio" id="cu-search-filter1" name="sitesearch" value="thissite" checked="checked"> <label for="cu-search-filter1"><span class="sr-only">Search </span>This Site</label> <input type="radio" id="cu-search-filter2" name="sitesearch" value="cornell"> <label for="cu-search-filter2"><span class="sr-only">Search </span>Cornell</label> </fieldset> </form> </div> </div> <div id="super-header" class="has_header_image"> <header id="cu-header" aria-label="Cornell Header"> <div class="cu45-helper"></div> <div class="container-fluid cu-brand"> <h1 class="cu-logo"><a href="//www.cornell.edu"><img class="sr-only" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/images/cornell/bold_cornell_logo_simple_b31b1b.svg" alt="Cornell University" width="245" height="62"></a></h1> <div class="cu-unit"> <h2><a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu">CU Blog Service</a></h2> <h3 class="sans">Cornell University Blog Service</h3> </div> <div class="buttons"> <button class="mobile-button" id="mobile-nav">Main Menu</button> <button class="mobile-button" id="cu-search-button">Toggle Search Form</button> <nav id="utility-navigation" aria-label="Supplementary Navigation"> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <header id="site-header" aria-label="Site Header"> <div id="image-band" class="band" aria-label="Site Banner" style="background-image: url(https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/images/wp/headers/berries.png)"></div> <nav class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-on-demand" id="main-navigation" aria-label="Main Navigation"> <div class="container-fluid"> <a id="mobile-home" href="https://blogs.cornell.edu"> <span class="sr-only">Home</span> </a> <ul class="list-menu links"><li id="menu-item-358" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item current_page_item menu-item-home menu-item-358"><a href="http://blogs.cornell.edu/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-4078" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4078"><a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/why-cu-blog-service/">Why CU Blogs?</a></li><li id="menu-item-4135" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4135"><a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-login.php">Sign in/Sign up</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> </header> </div><div id="main-content" class="band"> <main id="main" class="container-fluid aria-target" tabindex="-1"> <div class="row"> <div id="sidebar-top" class="secondary"> <div id="custom_html-3" class="widget_text content-block widget_custom_html"><h2 class="widget-title">New to CU Blogs?</h2><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="/wp-login.php">Sign in/Sign up</a><hr><a href="https://it.cornell.edu/blogs">Cornell blogs documentation</a></div></div> </div> <article id="main-article" class="primary"> <h1>Welcome</h1><section id="post-4" class="post-4 type-page status-publish hentry"> <p><span class="intro">The CU Blogs service uses the WordPress platform and is hosted in the cloud by a 3rd party vendor, <a href="https://docs.campuspress.com/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CampusPress</a>.</span></p><h2>Who can use CU Blogs?</h2><ul><li>Cornell faculty and staff: Request and administer blogs.</li><li>Students and people outside of Cornell: Contribute to blogs.</li></ul><h2>What is the cost?</h2><p>The cost for non-academic blogs is changing. See <a href="https://it.cornell.edu/blogs/blog-fees">details on the Blogs Fee page</a>.</p><h2>How to get help</h2><p>Help with formatting, or complex changes to your blog are available through fee-based services.</p><ul><li>Support for CU Blogs: One-off or small changes to your blog.<br/><a href="https://it.cornell.edu/blogs/get-support" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact information. </a></li><li>Custom Development (CD): Customizing a site, design, advise or tutorials.<br/><a href="https://it.cornell.edu/custom-web" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Contact information.</a></li><li>Custom Development (CD) rate card: <a title="Rates for fee-based help with blogs. " href="https://it.cornell.edu/custom-web/our-rates" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View Rates</a></li></ul><p>Please note that custom themes are no longer available on the CU Blogs service.</p> </section> </article> </div> </main> </div> <footer> <div class="main-footer"> <div class="container-fluid sidebar-left"> <div class="row"> <div class="primary"> <div class="three-col padded footer-links"> <div> <h3 class="h6">Main Menu</h3> <ul class="list-menu vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item current_page_item menu-item-home menu-item-358"><a href="http://blogs.cornell.edu/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4078"><a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/why-cu-blog-service/">Why CU Blogs?</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4135"><a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-login.php">Sign in/Sign up</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="secondary"> <div class="social"> <h3 class="sr-only">Follow us on:</h3> <a href="https://facebook.com"><img alt="Facebook" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/images/layout/icon_facebook.svg"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sub-footer"> <div class="container-fluid sidebar-left"> <div class="row"> <div class="content"> <div class="two-col"> <div> <ul class="custom inline no-bullet"> <li><a href="https://www.cornell.edu">Cornell University</a> ©2024</li> <li><a href="https://privacy.cornell.edu/">University Privacy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div> <ul class="custom inline no-bullet"> <li><a href="https://blogs.cornell.edu/accessibility/information-technology/web-accessibility/web-accessibility-assistance/">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=99447282" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script><script type="text/javascript" id="blog_templates_front-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var blog_templates_params = {"type":"0"}; /* ]]> */ </script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/plugins/blogtemplates//blogtemplatesfiles/assets/js/front.js?ver=657604702" id="blog_templates_front-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/cwd_wp.js?ver=2051341239" id="cwd-wp-script-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/cwd_card_slider.js?ver=485293483" id="cwd-card-slider-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/formidable_validation.js?ver=157560925" id="cwd-formidable-validation-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/cwd_gallery.js?ver=837848869" id="cwd-gallery-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/cwd_popups.js?ver=1914319221" id="cwd-popups-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/cwd_slider.js?ver=2064019484" id="cwd-slider-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/cwd_utilities.js?ver=1768861605" id="cwd-utilities-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/twitter-widget.js?ver=701394093" id="cwd-twitter-widget-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/contrib/jquery.detect_swipe.js?ver=2070973047" id="contrib-js-swipe-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/contrib/modernizr.js?ver=2042529183" id="contrib-js-debounce-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/contrib/pep.js?ver=1751350484" id="contrib-js-pep-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/contrib/jquery.fitvids.js?ver=2108989013" id="contrib-js-fitvids-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/siteimprove.js?ver=1700644040" id="cwd-siteimprove-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-content/themes/cwd_base/js/project.js?ver=834167522" id="cwd-project-js-js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://blogs.cornell.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/effect.min.js?ver=1170486353" id="jquery-effects-core-js"></script> </body></html>