CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sat" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ - ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )satwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9", "᱐\t᱑\t᱒\t᱓\t᱔\t᱕\t᱖\t᱗\t᱘\t᱙"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ","ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ","ᱢᱟᱨᱪ","ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ","ᱢᱮ","ᱡᱩᱱ","ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ","ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ","ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ","ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ","ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ","ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ"],"wgRequestId":"64b51b4e-db57-4beb-8846-8ce9162317d7","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ_ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ","wgTitle":"ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ","wgCurRevisionId":147249,"wgRevisionId":147249,"wgArticleId":13690,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ","ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ","ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ", "ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sat","wgPageContentLanguage":"sat","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ_ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ","wgRelevantArticleId":13690,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sat","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sat"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":3000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q12237297","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sat&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sat&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sat&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/1200px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1365"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/800px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="910"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/640px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="728"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ - ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sat.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ (sat)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sat.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sat"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title=" ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱚᱪᱚ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ_ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ rootpage-ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ_ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝ</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨᱵᱟᱲᱟ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱢᱮ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B4_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱪᱮᱛᱮᱢ ᱪᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ,ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ"><span>ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱴᱟᱞ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:RecentChanges" title="ᱩᱤᱠᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ᱨᱚᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱠᱚ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:Random" title="ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟᱠᱳ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱽ ᱢᱮ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ"><span>ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sat.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.9375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sat.svg" width="120" height="8" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.5em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ" aria-label="ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯ ᱠᱚ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=sat.wikipedia.org&uselang=sat" class=""><span>ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱮᱢᱯᱮ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:CreateAccount&returnto=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1+%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱟᱢᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱴ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱭᱟ; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾" class=""><span>ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1+%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱣᱤᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱢᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯ ᱠᱚ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯ ᱠᱚ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=sat.wikipedia.org&uselang=sat"><span>ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱮᱢᱯᱮ</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribute</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:CreateAccount&returnto=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1+%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱟᱢᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱴ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱧ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱭᱟ; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:UserLogin&returnto=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1+%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱞᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱣᱤᱧ ᱮᱢᱟᱢᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ᱨᱚᱲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥᱠᱚ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥᱠᱚ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ_ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ_ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ_ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ_ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">᱑</span> <span>ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ_ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ_ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ_ᱧᱮᱞ_ᱢᱮ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ_ᱧᱮᱞ_ᱢᱮ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">᱒</span> <span>ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ_ᱧᱮᱞ_ᱢᱮ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ_ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ_ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">᱓</span> <span>ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ_ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">᱔</span> <span>ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥᱠᱚ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ᱔᱐ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">᱔᱐ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_caucasicas" title="Luengas caucasicas – ᱟᱨᱟᱜᱚᱱᱤᱡᱽ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas caucasicas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ᱟᱨᱟᱜᱚᱱᱤᱡᱽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="لغات القوقاز – ᱚᱨᱵᱤ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات القوقاز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ᱚᱨᱵᱤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_cauc%C3%A1siques" title="Llingües caucásiques – ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües caucásiques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кавказалъул мацӀал – ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱤᱠ" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Кавказалъул мацӀал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱤᱠ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qafqaz_dill%C9%99ri" title="Qafqaz dilləri – ᱟᱹᱡᱟᱹᱨᱵᱮᱡᱟᱱᱤ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qafqaz dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ᱟᱹᱡᱟᱹᱨᱵᱮᱡᱟᱱᱤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasiske_sprog" title="Kaukasiske sprog – ᱰᱟᱱᱤᱥ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kaukasiske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ᱰᱟᱱᱤᱥ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasische_Sprachen" title="Kaukasische Sprachen – ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kaukasische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_Caucasus" title="Languages of the Caucasus – ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Languages of the Caucasus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱡᱤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_del_C%C3%A1ucaso" title="Lenguas del Cáucaso – ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas del Cáucaso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ᱥᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukaasia_keeled" title="Kaukaasia keeled – ᱮᱥᱴᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱭ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaukaasia keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ᱮᱥᱴᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱭ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasiar_hizkuntzak" title="Kaukasiar hizkuntzak – ᱵᱟᱥᱠ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kaukasiar hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ᱵᱟᱥᱠ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="زبان‌های قفقاز – ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱭ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های قفقاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱭ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_dans_les_pays_caucasiens" title="Langues dans les pays caucasiens – ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues dans les pays caucasiens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱧᱪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teangacha_Cugasacha" title="Teangacha Cugasacha – ᱤᱨᱤᱥ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teangacha Cugasacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ᱤᱨᱤᱥ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%96" title="שפות באזור הקווקז – ᱦᱮᱵᱽᱨᱤᱣ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות באזור הקווקז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ᱦᱮᱵᱽᱨᱤᱣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կովկասի լեզուներ – ᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կովկասի լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Кавказа метташ – ᱤᱱᱜᱩᱥ" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Кавказа метташ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ᱤᱱᱜᱩᱥ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_caucasiche" title="Lingue caucasiche – ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱟᱱ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue caucasiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱟᱱ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9%E8%AB%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="コーカサス諸語 – ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーカサス諸語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0" title="ಕಕೇಸಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷಾ ಪರಿವಾರ – ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಕೇಸಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷಾ ಪರಿವಾರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%85%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4" title="캅카스 제어 – ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캅카스 제어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_qefqaz%C3%AE" title="Zimanên qefqazî – ᱠᱩᱨᱫᱤᱥ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên qefqazî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ᱠᱩᱨᱫᱤᱥ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_caucasian" title="Linguas caucasian – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas caucasian" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengue_caucasiche" title="Lengue caucasiche – ᱞᱤᱜᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengue caucasiche" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ᱞᱤᱜᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukazo_kalbos" title="Kaukazo kalbos – ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱩᱣᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱭ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaukazo kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱩᱣᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱭ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kauk%C4%81za_valodas" title="Kaukāza valodas – ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱣᱟᱱ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaukāza valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱣᱟᱱ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Кавкаски јазици – ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱰᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱭ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кавкаски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱰᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱭ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukasiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Kaukasiske språk – ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱠᱢᱟᱞ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kaukasiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱠᱢᱟᱞ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Кавказы æвзæгтæ – ᱳᱥᱮᱴᱤᱠ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кавказы æвзæгтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ᱳᱥᱮᱴᱤᱠ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_caucasianas" title="Línguas caucasianas – ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱜᱟᱞᱤ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas caucasianas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱜᱟᱞᱤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_caucaziene" title="Limbi caucaziene – ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi caucaziene" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Языки Кавказа – ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Языки Кавказа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_Caucasus" title="Languages of the Caucasus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Languages of the Caucasus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Језици Кавказа – ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱵᱤᱭᱟᱭ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Језици Кавказа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱵᱤᱭᱟᱭ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="กลุ่มภาษาคอเคเซียน – ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาคอเคเซียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafkas_dilleri" title="Kafkas dilleri – ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱥ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kafkas dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱥ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%DB%8B%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="كاۋكاز تىل سىستېمىسى – ᱩᱭᱜᱷᱩᱨ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كاۋكاز تىل سىستېمىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ᱩᱭᱜᱷᱩᱨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="قفقاز کی زبانیں – ᱩᱨᱫᱤ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قفقاز کی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ᱩᱨᱫᱤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="კავკაციური ნინეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კავკაციური ნინეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="高加索诸语言 – ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高加索诸语言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12237297#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ" class="wbc-editpage">ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱠᱩ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱩᱱᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A3:%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ᱥᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱛ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱚᱜ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A"><span>ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&veaction=edit" title="ᱱᱚᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱢᱮ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=history" title="ᱱᱚᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱨᱩᱟᱹᱲ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯᱠᱚ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯᱠᱚ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱯᱠᱚ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱠᱚ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A"><span>ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&veaction=edit" title="ᱱᱚᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱢᱮ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=history"><span>ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:WhatLinksHere/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱩᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱳ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:RecentChangesLinked/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" rel="nofollow" title="ᱱᱚᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱠᱚ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sat" title="ᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱮᱢᱮ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱫᱮᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:SpecialPages" title="ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟᱠᱚ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&oldid=147249" title="ᱱᱚᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱮᱡᱩᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ"><span>ᱛᱤᱨᱮᱡᱩᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:CiteThisPage&page=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&id=147249&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱪᱱᱟ"><span>ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsat.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B1_%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B9%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%259A"><span>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱭᱩᱹᱟᱨᱹᱮᱞᱹ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsat.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B1_%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B9%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%259A"><span>ᱠᱤᱭᱩᱹᱟᱨᱹ ᱠᱚᱰ ᱰᱟᱩᱱᱞᱚᱰ ᱢᱮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ/ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1+%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A"><span>ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱨ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱭᱢᱮ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&printable=yes" title="ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱴ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱫ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ᱪᱷᱟᱯᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱫ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Languages_of_the_Caucasus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12237297" title="ᱜᱩᱫᱟᱹᱢ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ, ᱨᱟᱲᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sat" dir="ltr"><p><b>ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ</b> ᱫᱚ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱢᱟᱞᱟ (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱢᱟᱞᱟ</a> ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ <a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ">ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ</a> ᱟᱨ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">ᱠᱟᱥᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟ</a> ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB:Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/350px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="398" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/525px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg/700px-Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="1111" /></a><figcaption>ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_method" class="extiw" title="en:Comparative method">ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ</a> ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ <a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ">ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ</a> ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱟᱱᱼᱟᱹᱯᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ_ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ_ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ"><span id=".E1.B1.A0.E1.B1.9A.E1.B1.A0.E1.B1.AE.E1.B1.A5.E1.B1.9F.E1.B1.A5_.E1.B1.A8.E1.B1.AE.E1.B1.B1.E1.B1.9F.E1.B1.9C_.E1.B1.AF.E1.B1.9F.E1.B1.B9.E1.B1.A8.E1.B1.A5.E1.B1.A4.E1.B1.A0.E1.B1.9A"></span>ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&veaction=edit&section=1" title="ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ: ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ_ᱧᱮᱞ_ᱢᱮ"><span id=".E1.B1.9F.E1.B1.A8.E1.B1.A6.E1.B1.9A.E1.B1.B8_.E1.B1.A7.E1.B1.AE.E1.B1.9E_.E1.B1.A2.E1.B1.AE"></span>ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&veaction=edit&section=2" title="ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ: ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ_ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ"><span id=".E1.B1.B5.E1.B1.9F.E1.B1.A8.E1.B1.A6.E1.B1.AE_.E1.B1.A1.E1.B1.9A.E1.B1.B1.E1.B1.9A.E1.B1.B2"></span>ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&veaction=edit&section=3" title="ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ: ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <ul><li>TITUS: Caucasian languages <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/karten/kauk/kaukasm.htm">map by Jost Gippert</a>& projects <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armazi.uni-frankfurt.de/">Armazi</a>& <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/ecling/ecling.htm">Ecling</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/commonwealth/ethnocaucasus.jpg">CIA ethnolinguistic map</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguistics.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/dryer/dryer/map.caucasus.GIF">language-family map by Matthew Dryer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/languages.html">Caucausian section of the Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061217214014/http://www.ling.lu.se/persons/Arthur/caucprojreport.pdf">The Iberian-Caucasian Connection in a Typological Perspective</a> – An in-depth linguistic study of Basque, Georgian, and other ergative languages, concluding that the similarities are not strong enough to prove a genetic link.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070917141516/http://linguarium.iling-ran.ru/publications/caucas/alw_cau_content.shtml">Atlas of the Caucasian Languages with very detailed Language Guide (by Yuri B. Koryakov)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/pies/pdfs/IESV/1/VVI_Horse.pdf">Comparative Notes on Hurro-Urartian, Northern Caucasian and Indo-European</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614013400/http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/pies/pdfs/IESV/1/VVI_Horse.pdf">Archived</a> ᱒᱐᱐᱗-᱐᱖-᱑᱔ at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Wayback Machine</a>. by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyacheslav_Ivanov_(philologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyacheslav Ivanov (philologist) (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">V. V. Ivanov</a></li></ul><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ"><span id=".E1.B1.A5.E1.B1.9F.E1.B1.B9.E1.B1.A0.E1.B1.B7.E1.B1.AD.E1.B1.9F.E1.B1.B9.E1.B1.9B"></span>ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&veaction=edit&section=4" title="ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ: ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ"><span>ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div><table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr><td></td></tr> </tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ_ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ&oldid=147249">https://sat.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ_ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ&oldid=147249</a>" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD:Categories" title="ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ:Categories">ᱛᱷᱚᱠᱠᱩ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0:Webarchive_template_wayback_links&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Webarchive template wayback links (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0:%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ">ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0:%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ">ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0:%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">ᱠᱚᱠᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0:%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ)">ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱑᱑ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ, ᱑᱖:᱒᱘ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱨᱮ</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ᱚᱞᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱠᱟᱱᱟ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱝᱢᱮ᱾</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ᱩᱠᱩ ᱮᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱨ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B">ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F:%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A9">ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱩᱜᱠᱳ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱤᱡ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sat.wikipedia.org">ᱟᱝᱠᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">ᱠᱩᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sat.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">ᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-bxzm6","wgBackendResponseTime":126,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.052","walltime":"0.071","ppvisitednodes":{"value":111,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1011,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":116,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 44.184 1 -total"," 69.80% 30.840 1 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Webarchive"," 17.16% 7.580 1 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ"," 8.21% 3.626 1 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Colbegin"," 4.41% 1.947 1 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Main_other"," 3.90% 1.723 1 ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Colend"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.009","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":691553,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-648bd44df8-hlc7b","timestamp":"20241115000946","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u1c60\u1c5a\u1c60\u1c6e\u1c65\u1c64\u1c6d\u1c5f\u1c71 \u1c6f\u1c5f\u1c79\u1c68\u1c65\u1c64\u1c60\u1c5a","url":"https:\/\/sat.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12237297","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12237297","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2020-12-29T07:04:59Z","dateModified":"2024-04-11T16:28:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b0\/Caucasus-ethnic_en.svg"}</script> </body> </html>