CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Portland, Oregon - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"af7f6200-cab4-4555-af2d-12ba2ed50a95","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Portland,_Oregon","wgTitle":"Portland, Oregon","wgCurRevisionId":1283353606,"wgRevisionId":1283353606,"wgArticleId":23503,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Pages using the Graph extension","Pages with disabled graphs","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Use mdy dates from January 2025","Use American English from September 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Pages using bar box without float left or float right","Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2022","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Articles with hAudio microformats","Spoken articles","Articles containing video clips","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Portland, Oregon","Cities in Oregon","Cities in Clackamas County, Oregon","Cities in Multnomah County, Oregon","Cities in Washington County, Oregon","County seats in Oregon","Oregon populated places on the Columbia River","Populated places on the Willamette River","1845 establishments in Oregon Country","Populated places established in 1845","Port cities in Oregon","Railway towns in Oregon","Cities in the Portland metropolitan area"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Portland,_Oregon","wgRelevantArticleId":23503,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":45.519999999999996,"lon":-122.68194444444445},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6106","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.staticframe","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg/1200px-Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg/800px-Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg/640px-Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Portland, Oregon - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Portland_Oregon rootpage-Portland_Oregon skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Portland%2C+Oregon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Portland%2C+Oregon" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Portland%2C+Oregon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Portland%2C+Oregon" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_European_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_European_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Before European settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_European_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Establishment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th-century_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th-century_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 20th-century development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th-century_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Since 1990 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_George_Floyd_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_George_Floyd_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 2020 George Floyd protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_George_Floyd_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Geology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Topography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Neighborhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Households" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Households"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Households </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Households-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Social </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homelessness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homelessness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Homelessness </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homelessness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Top_Employers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_Employers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Top Employers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_Employers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Housing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Arts and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Arts and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music,_film,_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music,_film,_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Music, film, and performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music,_film,_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Museums and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine_and_breweries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine_and_breweries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Cuisine and breweries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine_and_breweries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sustainability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustainability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Sustainability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sustainability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_speech_and_public_nudity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_speech_and_public_nudity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Free speech and public nudity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_speech_and_public_nudity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Public art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Parks and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_hall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_hall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 City hall </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courts_and_law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts_and_law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Courts and law enforcement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts_and_law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_and_national_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_and_national_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 State and national politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_and_national_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_planning_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_planning_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 City planning and development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_planning_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Primary and secondary education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Portland, Oregon</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 121 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" > 121 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5%E1%8D%A3_%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%A8%E1%8C%8E%E1%8A%95" title="ፖርትላንድ፣ ኦረጎን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖርትላንድ፣ ኦረጎን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portlond_(Or%C4%93g%C5%ABn)" title="Portlond (Orēgūn) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Portlond (Orēgūn)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_(%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86)" title="بورتلاند (أوريغون) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بورتلاند (أوريغون)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oreg%C3%B3n)" title="Portland (Oregón) – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Portland (Oregón)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oreg%C3%B3n)" title="Portland (Oregón) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Portland (Oregón)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portlend_(Oreqon)" title="Portlend (Oreqon) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portlend (Oreqon)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%86" title="پورتلند، اورقن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پورتلند، اورقن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="পোর্টল্যান্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পোর্টল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портленд (Арэгон) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Портленд (Арэгон)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портлэнд (Арэгон) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Портлэнд (Арэгон)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Портланд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Портланд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Oregon)" title="Portland (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Oregon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Portland (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3ta%CA%BC_Be%CA%BCek%CA%BCid" title="Tótaʼ Beʼekʼid – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tótaʼ Beʼekʼid" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84_(%CE%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD)" title="Πόρτλαντ (Όρεγκον) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πόρτλαντ (Όρεγκον)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портленд (Орегон) – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Портленд (Орегон)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portlando_(Oregono)" title="Portlando (Oregono) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portlando (Oregono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86" title="پورتلند، اورگن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پورتلند، اورگن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oreg%C3%B3n" title="Portland, Oregón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Portland, Oregón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD_(%E5%A5%A7%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B7%9E)" title="波特蘭 (奧勒岡州) – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="波特蘭 (奧勒岡州)" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_(%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86)" title="پؤرتلند (اؤرگن) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پؤرتلند (اؤرگن)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1,_%E0%AA%91%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8" title="પોર્ટલેન્ડ, ઑરેગોન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પોર્ટલેન્ડ, ઑરેગોન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%8B%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_(%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC%EA%B1%B4%EC%A3%BC)" title="포틀랜드 (오리건주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포틀랜드 (오리건주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4_(%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B6)" title="Պորտլենդ (Օրեգոն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտլենդ (Օրեգոն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1,_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="पोर्टलैंड, ऑरेगॉन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोर्टलैंड, ऑरेगॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портленд (Орегон) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Портленд (Орегон)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93_(%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F)" title="פורטלנד (אורגון) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורטלנד (אורגון)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D,_%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೋರ್ಟ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಒರೆಗಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೋರ್ಟ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಒರೆಗಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="პორტლენდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პორტლენდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портленд (Орегон) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Портленд (Орегон)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portlandia_(Oregonia)" title="Portlandia (Oregonia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Portlandia (Oregonia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portlenda_(Oregona)" title="Portlenda (Oregona) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Portlenda (Oregona)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portlandas" title="Portlandas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Portlandas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портланд (Орегон) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Портланд (Орегон)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Orekone" title="Portland, Orekone – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Portland, Orekone" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_(%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8)" title="पोर्टलंड (ओरेगन) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोर्टलंड (ओरेगन)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="პორტლენდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პორტლენდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86" title="پورتلاند، اوريجون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پورتلاند، اوريجون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портлэнд (Орэгон) – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Портлэнд (Орэгон)" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E)" title="ポートランド (オレゴン州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポートランド (オレゴン州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портленд (Орегон) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Портленд (Орегон)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_i_Oregon" title="Portland i Oregon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Portland i Oregon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портленд (Орегон) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портленд (Орегон)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D" title="पोर्टलण्ड् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पोर्टलण्ड्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bortland,_Oregon" title="Bortland, Oregon – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bortland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%86%D9%86" title="پۆرتلاند، ئۆریگۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆرتلاند، ئۆریگۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портланд (Орегон) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Портланд (Орегон)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D)" title="போர்ட்லன்ட் (ஒரிகன்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போர்ட்லன்ட் (ஒரிகன்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Портленд – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Портленд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="พอร์ตแลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พอร์ตแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Портленд (Орегон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портленд (Орегон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="پورٹلینڈ، اوریگون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پورٹلینڈ، اوریگون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Or%C3%A9gon" title="Portland, Orégon – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Portland, Orégon" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portlend_(Oregon)" title="Portlend (Oregon) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Portlend (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" title="Portland (Oregon) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Portland (Oregon)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Portland, Oregon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%EF%BC%88%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%86%88%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="波特兰（俄勒冈州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波特兰（俄勒冈州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland" title="Portland – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Portland" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%B5%E5%B4%99" title="砵崙 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="砵崙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD_(%E4%BF%84%E5%8B%92%E5%B2%A1%E5%B7%9E)" title="波特蘭 (俄勒岡州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波特蘭 (俄勒岡州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6106#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Portland,_Oregon" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Portland,_Oregon" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Portland,_Oregon" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&oldid=1283353606" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Portland%2C_Oregon&id=1283353606&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPortland%2C_Oregon">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPortland%2C_Oregon">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Portland%2C_Oregon&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Portland,_Oregon" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge, good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" hreflang="en">Wikivoyage</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6106" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Portland,_Oregon&params=45_31_12_N_122_40_55_W_type:city(568380)_region:US-OR_source:gnis-1136645">45°31′12″N 122°40′55″W / 45.52000°N 122.68194°W / 45.52000; -122.68194</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Portland,_Oregon-article1of2.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Most populous city in Oregon, United States</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Oregon, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Portland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of municipalities in Oregon">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:156px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland_Oregon_Aerial,_June_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Downtown Portland with Mount Hood in the background and Vista Bridge in the foreground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg/278px-Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg/417px-Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg/556px-Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Portland" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Portland">Downtown Portland</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood" title="Mount Hood">Mount Hood</a> in the background and <a href="/wiki/Vista_Bridge" title="Vista Bridge">Vista Bridge</a> in the foreground</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland,_OR_%E2%80%94_St._John%27s_Bridge,_view_of_east_tower_from_southwest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St. Johns Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Portland%2C_OR_%E2%80%94_St._John%27s_Bridge%2C_view_of_east_tower_from_southwest.jpg/90px-Portland%2C_OR_%E2%80%94_St._John%27s_Bridge%2C_view_of_east_tower_from_southwest.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Portland%2C_OR_%E2%80%94_St._John%27s_Bridge%2C_view_of_east_tower_from_southwest.jpg/135px-Portland%2C_OR_%E2%80%94_St._John%27s_Bridge%2C_view_of_east_tower_from_southwest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Portland%2C_OR_%E2%80%94_St._John%27s_Bridge%2C_view_of_east_tower_from_southwest.jpg/180px-Portland%2C_OR_%E2%80%94_St._John%27s_Bridge%2C_view_of_east_tower_from_southwest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4500" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_Bridge" title="St. Johns Bridge">St. Johns Bridge</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Convention_Center_IMG_0378cc1_(6150383789).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Oregon Convention Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Convention_Center_IMG_0378cc1_%286150383789%29.jpg/90px-Convention_Center_IMG_0378cc1_%286150383789%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Convention_Center_IMG_0378cc1_%286150383789%29.jpg/135px-Convention_Center_IMG_0378cc1_%286150383789%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Convention_Center_IMG_0378cc1_%286150383789%29.jpg/180px-Convention_Center_IMG_0378cc1_%286150383789%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Convention_Center" title="Oregon Convention Center">Oregon Convention Center</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Station_in_snow_Feb_2014_-_from_Broadway_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Union Station and U.S. Bancorp Tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Union_Station_in_snow_Feb_2014_-_from_Broadway_Bridge.jpg/90px-Union_Station_in_snow_Feb_2014_-_from_Broadway_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Union_Station_in_snow_Feb_2014_-_from_Broadway_Bridge.jpg/135px-Union_Station_in_snow_Feb_2014_-_from_Broadway_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Union_Station_in_snow_Feb_2014_-_from_Broadway_Bridge.jpg/180px-Union_Station_in_snow_Feb_2014_-_from_Broadway_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="2492" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Portland_Union_Station" title="Portland Union Station">Union Station</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Bancorp_Tower" title="U.S. Bancorp Tower">U.S. Bancorp Tower</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:117px;max-width:117px"><div style="height:75px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pioneer-SquareDaytime.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pioneer Courthouse Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Pioneer-SquareDaytime.jpg/120px-Pioneer-SquareDaytime.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Pioneer-SquareDaytime.jpg/250px-Pioneer-SquareDaytime.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Courthouse_Square" title="Pioneer Courthouse Square">Pioneer Courthouse Square</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div style="height:75px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Tilikum_Crossing_with_streetcar_and_MAX_train_in_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tilikum Crossing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tilikum_Crossing_with_streetcar_and_MAX_train_in_2016.jpg/159px-Tilikum_Crossing_with_streetcar_and_MAX_train_in_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tilikum_Crossing_with_streetcar_and_MAX_train_in_2016.jpg/239px-Tilikum_Crossing_with_streetcar_and_MAX_train_in_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tilikum_Crossing_with_streetcar_and_MAX_train_in_2016.jpg/318px-Tilikum_Crossing_with_streetcar_and_MAX_train_in_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="581" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tilikum_Crossing" title="Tilikum Crossing">Tilikum Crossing</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portland,_Oregon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Portland"><img alt="Flag of Portland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg/110px-Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg/165px-Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg/220px-Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Flag of Portland, Oregon">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Portland,_Oregon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Portland"><img alt="Official seal of Portland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg/120px-Seal_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Seal_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg/250px-Seal_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Seal of Portland, Oregon">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Rose City"; "Stumptown"; "PDX"; see <a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Nicknames of Portland, Oregon">Nicknames of Portland, Oregon</a> for a complete list.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"The City that Works"<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="10" data-lat="45.52" data-lon="-122.67" data-overlays="["_e2c2cb19f1c2837d52352a4d2b049b4d0e28f707"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/45.52/-122.67/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,45.52,-122.67,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Portland%2C_Oregon&revid=1283353606&groups=_e2c2cb19f1c2837d52352a4d2b049b4d0e28f707" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,45.52,-122.67,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Portland%2C_Oregon&revid=1283353606&groups=_e2c2cb19f1c2837d52352a4d2b049b4d0e28f707 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map outlining Portland</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Oregon_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portland is located in Oregon"><img alt="Portland is located in Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/USA_Oregon_relief_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Oregon_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/USA_Oregon_relief_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Oregon_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/USA_Oregon_relief_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Oregon_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="1148" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.851%;left:25.791%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Portland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Portland</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Oregon</div>Show map of Oregon</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Portland is located in the United States"><img alt="Portland is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.276%;left:9.739%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Portland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Portland</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the United States</div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Portland,_Oregon&params=45_31_12_N_122_40_55_W_type:city(568380)_region:US-OR_source:gnis-1136645">45°31′12″N 122°40′55″W / 45.52000°N 122.68194°W / 45.52000; -122.68194</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Oregon" title="List of counties in Oregon">Counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Multnomah County, Oregon">Multnomah</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Washington County, Oregon">Washington</a> <a href="/wiki/Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Clackamas County, Oregon">Clackamas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Founded</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1845; 180 years ago (1845)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">February 8, 1851; 174 years ago (1851-02-08)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named after</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a><a href="#cite_note-naosum.org-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Portland_City_Council_(Oregon)" title="Portland City Council (Oregon)">Portland City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mayor of Portland, Oregon">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Wilson_(mayor)" title="Keith Wilson (mayor)">Keith Wilson</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Portland_City_Auditor" title="Portland City Auditor">Auditor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simone_Rede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simone Rede (page does not exist)">Simone Rede</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of municipalities in Oregon">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">145.00 sq mi (375.55 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">133.49 sq mi (345.73 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">11.51 sq mi (29.82 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">519.30 sq mi (1,345.0 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-5">[5]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">161 ft (49 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,188 ft (362 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.62 ft (0.19 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly-8">[8]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of municipalities in Oregon">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">652,503</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_cities_by_population" title="List of North American cities by population">74th</a> in North America <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">27th</a> in the United States <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oregon" title="List of cities in Oregon">1st</a> in Oregon</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,888.10/sq mi (1,887.30/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,104,238 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">US: 23rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,052.1/sq mi (1,564.5/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2020Pop-9">[9]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,511,612 (<a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">US: 25th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Portlander</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">$218.894 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%80%93_08:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC– 08:00">UTC– 08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Standard_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Standard Time Zone">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%80%93_07:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC– 07:00">UTC– 07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Daylight Time">PDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">97086, 97201-97225, 97227-97233, 97236, 97238-97240, 97242, 97250-97254, 97256, 97266-97269, 97280-97283, 97286, 97290-97294, 97296, 97298, 97214</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_503_and_971" title="Area codes 503 and 971">503 and 971</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">41-59000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2411471<a href="#cite_note-gnis-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portland.gov/">portland.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Portland (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈpɔːrtlənd/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">PORT-lənd</a>) is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oregon" title="List of cities in Oregon">most populous city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, located in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a> region. Situated close to <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Oregon" title="Northwest Oregon">northwest Oregon</a> at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Willamette_River" title="Willamette River">Willamette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a> rivers, it is the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Multnomah County, Oregon">Multnomah County</a>, Oregon's most populous county. As of 2020,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit">[update]</a> Portland's population was 652,503,<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-11">[11]</a> making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">27th most populous</a> city in the United States, the sixth most populous on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a>, and the third most populous in the Pacific Northwest after <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Approximately 2.5 million people live in the <a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland metropolitan area, Oregon">Portland metropolitan area</a>, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">25th most populous</a> in the United States. Almost half of Oregon's population resides within the Portland metro area.<a href="#cite_note-13">[a]</a> Named after <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> which is itself named after England's <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Portland" title="Isle of Portland">Isle of Portland</a>, the Oregon settlement began to be populated near the end of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a> in the 1840s. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the timber industry was a major force in the city's early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous <a href="/wiki/Port_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Port city">port cities</a> in the world, and was a hub for organized crime and <a href="/wiki/Racketeering" title="Racketeering">racketeering</a>; this reputation dissipated after its economy experienced an industrial boom during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and it became known for its growing <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> political values from the 1960s onwards,<a href="#cite_note-1960s-15">[14]</a> earning it a reputation as a bastion of <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a> exemplified by the popular slogan "<a href="/wiki/Keep_Portland_Weird" title="Keep Portland Weird">Keep Portland Weird</a>".<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> This aspect of the city has since been championed by organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Weird_Portland_United" title="Weird Portland United">Weird Portland United</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> and the comedy series <a href="/wiki/Portlandia" title="Portlandia">Portlandia</a> (2011–2018).<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> The city operates with a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">mayor–council government</a> system, guided by a <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mayor of Portland, Oregon">mayor</a> and 12 <a href="/wiki/Portland_City_Council_(Oregon)" title="Portland City Council (Oregon)">city councilors</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Metro_(Oregon_regional_government)" title="Metro (Oregon regional government)">Metro</a>, the only directly elected <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_planning_organization" title="Metropolitan planning organization">metropolitan planning organization</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. This climate is <a href="/wiki/Roses_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Roses in Portland, Oregon">ideal for growing roses</a>, and Portland has been called the "City of Roses" for over a century.<a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[20]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="History of Portland, Oregon">History of Portland, Oregon</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Timeline of Portland, Oregon">Timeline of Portland, Oregon</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_European_settlement">Before European settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Before European settlement">edit</a>]</div> During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland <a href="/wiki/Missoula_floods" title="Missoula floods">was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Missoula" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Missoula">Lake Missoula</a>, in what would later become Montana. These massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the <a href="/wiki/Willamette_Valley" title="Willamette Valley">Willamette Valley</a> with 300 to 400 feet (91 to 122 m) of water.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenBurnsSargent2009175–89-22">[21]</a> Before American settlers began arriving in the 1800s, the land was inhabited for many centuries by two bands of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Chinook_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinook people">Chinook people</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Multnomah_people" title="Multnomah people">Multnomah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Clackamas_people" title="Clackamas people">Clackamas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarschner2008187-23">[22]</a> The Chinook people occupying the land were first documented <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition" title="Lewis and Clark Expedition">in 1805</a> by <a href="/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis" title="Meriwether Lewis">Meriwether Lewis</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Clark" title="William Clark">William Clark</a>.<a href="#cite_note-anderson-24">[23]</a> Before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast.<a href="#cite_note-anderson-24">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1886_Pioneer_Post_Office.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1886_Pioneer_Post_Office.jpeg/220px-1886_Pioneer_Post_Office.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1886_Pioneer_Post_Office.jpeg/330px-1886_Pioneer_Post_Office.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/1886_Pioneer_Post_Office.jpeg/440px-1886_Pioneer_Post_Office.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Courthouse" title="Pioneer Courthouse">Pioneer Courthouse</a>, 1886</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland,_Oregon_1890_Perspective_Birds-eye-view_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Portland%2C_Oregon_1890_Perspective_Birds-eye-view_Map.jpg/220px-Portland%2C_Oregon_1890_Perspective_Birds-eye-view_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Portland%2C_Oregon_1890_Perspective_Birds-eye-view_Map.jpg/330px-Portland%2C_Oregon_1890_Perspective_Birds-eye-view_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Portland%2C_Oregon_1890_Perspective_Birds-eye-view_Map.jpg/440px-Portland%2C_Oregon_1890_Perspective_Birds-eye-view_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13760" data-file-height="9520" /></a><figcaption>1890 map of Portland</figcaption></figure> Large numbers of pioneer settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1840s via the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a> with many arriving in nearby <a href="/wiki/Oregon_City,_Oregon" title="Oregon City, Oregon">Oregon City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> A new settlement then emerged ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott189061-26">[25]</a> roughly halfway between Oregon City and <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fort_Vancouver" title="Fort Vancouver">Fort Vancouver</a>. This community was initially referred to as "Stumptown" and "The Clearing" because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> In 1843 <a href="/wiki/William_Overton_(Portland_founder)" title="William Overton (Portland founder)">William Overton</a> saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file an official land claim. For 25 cents, Overton agreed to share half of the 640-acre (2.6 km2) site with <a href="/wiki/Asa_Lovejoy" title="Asa Lovejoy">Asa Lovejoy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> In 1844, Overton sold his remaining half of the claim to <a href="/wiki/Francis_W._Pettygrove" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis W. Pettygrove">Francis W. Pettygrove</a> of <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>. Both Pettygrove and Lovejoy wished to rename "The Clearing" after their respective hometowns (Lovejoy's being Boston, and Pettygrove's, Portland). This controversy was settled with a coin toss that Pettygrove won in a series of two out of three tosses, thereby providing Portland with its namesake.<a href="#cite_note-naosum.org-2">[2]</a> The coin used for this decision, now known as the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Penny" title="Portland Penny">Portland Penny</a>, is on display in the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Historical_Society" title="Oregon Historical Society">Oregon Historical Society</a>. At the time of its incorporation on February 8, 1851, Portland had over 800 inhabitants,<a href="#cite_note-Gibson-29">[28]</a> a steam sawmill, a log cabin hotel, and a newspaper, the <a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">Weekly Oregonian</a>. <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_1873" title="Great Fire of 1873">A major fire swept through downtown in August 1873</a>, destroying twenty blocks on the west side of the Willamette along Yamhill and Morrison Streets, and causing $1.3 million in damage,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott1890160-30">[29]</a> roughly equivalent to $34.1 million today.<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-31">[30]</a> By 1879, the population had grown to 17,500 and by 1890 it had grown to 46,385.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> In 1888, the first steel bridge on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a> was opened in Portland,<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> the predecessor of the 1912 namesake <a href="/wiki/Steel_Bridge" title="Steel Bridge">Steel Bridge</a> that survives today. In 1889, Henry Pittock's wife, Georgiana, established the Portland Rose Society. The annual Portland Rose Festival" is held here in June.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> The movement to make Portland a "Rose City" started as the city was preparing for the 1905 <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Centennial_Exposition" title="Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition">Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[20]</a> Portland's access to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> via the Willamette and Columbia rivers, as well as its easy access to the agricultural <a href="/wiki/Tualatin_Valley" title="Tualatin Valley">Tualatin Valley</a> via the "<a href="/wiki/Canyon_Road" title="Canyon Road">Great Plank Road</a>" (the route of current-day <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_26_in_Oregon" title="U.S. Route 26 in Oregon">U.S. Route 26</a>), provided the pioneer city with an advantage over other nearby ports, and it grew very quickly.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Portland remained the major port in the Pacific Northwest for much of the 19th century, until the 1890s, when Seattle's deepwater harbor was connected to the rest of the mainland by rail, affording an inland route without the treacherous navigation of the Columbia River. The city had its own Japantown,<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> for one, and the <a href="/wiki/Lumber_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumber industry">lumber industry</a> also became a prominent economic presence, due to the area's large population of <a href="/wiki/Douglas_fir" title="Douglas fir">Douglas fir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_hemlock" class="mw-redirect" title="Western hemlock">western hemlock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thuja_plicata" title="Thuja plicata">red cedar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Acer_macrophyllum" title="Acer macrophyllum">big leaf maple</a> trees.<a href="#cite_note-anderson-24">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland,_Oregon,_in_1898_-_Herbert_A._Hale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Portland%2C_Oregon%2C_in_1898_-_Herbert_A._Hale.jpg/250px-Portland%2C_Oregon%2C_in_1898_-_Herbert_A._Hale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Portland%2C_Oregon%2C_in_1898_-_Herbert_A._Hale.jpg/330px-Portland%2C_Oregon%2C_in_1898_-_Herbert_A._Hale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Portland%2C_Oregon%2C_in_1898_-_Herbert_A._Hale.jpg/500px-Portland%2C_Oregon%2C_in_1898_-_Herbert_A._Hale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4490" data-file-height="2537" /></a><figcaption>Portland waterfront in 1898</figcaption></figure> Portland developed a reputation early in its history as a hard-edged and gritty <a href="/wiki/Port_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Port town">port town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn201216-37">[36]</a> Some historians have described the city's early establishment as being a "<a href="/wiki/Lineal_descendant" title="Lineal descendant">scion</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>; an ends-of-the-earth home for the exiled spawn of the eastern established elite."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn201210-38">[37]</a> In 1889, <a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a> called Portland "the most filthy city in the Northern States", due to the unsanitary sewers and gutters,<a href="#cite_note-mac1885-39">[38]</a> and, at the turn of the 20th century, it was considered one of the most dangerous port cities in the world.<a href="#cite_note-kennedy-40">[39]</a> The city housed a large number of saloons, <a href="/wiki/Bordello" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordello">bordellos</a>, gambling dens, and boarding houses which were populated with miners after the <a href="/wiki/California_gold_rush" title="California gold rush">California gold rush</a>, as well as the multitude of sailors passing through the port.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn201216-37">[36]</a> By the early 20th century, the city had lost its reputation as a "sober frontier city" and garnered a reputation for being violent and dangerous.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn201216-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler2013-41">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th-century_development">20th-century development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th-century development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Eagle_Portland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/White_Eagle_Portland.jpg/250px-White_Eagle_Portland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/White_Eagle_Portland.jpg/330px-White_Eagle_Portland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/White_Eagle_Portland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hryszko_Brothers_Building" title="Hryszko Brothers Building">White Eagle Saloon</a> (c. 1910), one of many in Portland that had reputed ties to illegal activities such as <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">gambling</a> rackets and <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitution</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burnside_in_1937_(8516830500).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Burnside_in_1937_%288516830500%29.jpg/250px-Burnside_in_1937_%288516830500%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Burnside_in_1937_%288516830500%29.jpg/330px-Burnside_in_1937_%288516830500%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Burnside_in_1937_%288516830500%29.jpg/500px-Burnside_in_1937_%288516830500%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Burnside_Street" title="Burnside Street">Burnside Street</a>, 1937</figcaption></figure> Between 1900 and 1930, the city's population tripled from nearly 100,000 to 301,815.<a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-43">[42]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, it housed an "assembly center" from which up to 3,676 people of Japanese descent were dispatched to <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">internment camps</a> in the heartland. It was the first American city to have residents report thus,<a href="#cite_note-Pac-44">[43]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_International_Livestock_Exposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific International Livestock Exposition">Pacific International Livestock Exposition</a> operated from May through September 10, 1942, processing people from the city, northern Oregon, and <a href="/wiki/Central_Washington" title="Central Washington">central Washington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> General <a href="/wiki/John_L._DeWitt" title="John L. DeWitt">John DeWitt</a> called the city the first "Jap-free city on the West Coast".<a href="#cite_note-Pac-44">[43]</a> At the same time, Portland became a notorious hub for underground criminal activity and <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> in the 1940s and 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-ellis-46">[45]</a> In 1957, <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a> magazine published an article detailing the city's history of <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">government corruption</a> and crime, specifically its gambling rackets and illegal nightclubs.<a href="#cite_note-ellis-46">[45]</a> The article, which focused on <a href="/wiki/Crime_boss" title="Crime boss">crime boss</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Elkins_(Oregon_criminal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Elkins (Oregon criminal)">Jim Elkins</a>, became the basis of a fictionalized film titled <a href="/wiki/Portland_Expos%C3%A9" title="Portland Exposé">Portland Exposé</a> (1957). In spite of the city's seedier undercurrent of criminal activity, Portland enjoyed an economic and industrial surge during World War II. Ship builder <a href="/wiki/Henry_J._Kaiser" title="Henry J. Kaiser">Henry J. Kaiser</a> had been awarded contracts to build <a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">Liberty ships</a> and aircraft carrier escorts, and chose sites in Portland and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington" title="Vancouver, Washington">Vancouver, Washington</a>, for work yards.<a href="#cite_note-ohs2003toll-47">[46]</a> During this time, Portland's population rose by over 150,000, largely attributed to recruited laborers.<a href="#cite_note-ohs2003toll-47">[46]</a> During the 1960s, an influx of <a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">hippie</a> subculture began to take root in the city in the wake of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>'s burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">countercultural</a> scene.<a href="#cite_note-1960s-15">[14]</a> The city's <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Ballroom_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Crystal Ballroom (Portland, Oregon)">Crystal Ballroom</a> became a hub for the city's <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychedelic culture">psychedelic culture</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Food_cooperative" title="Food cooperative">food cooperatives</a> and listener-funded media and radio stations were established.<a href="#cite_note-60s-48">[47]</a> A large <a href="/wiki/Social_activism" class="mw-redirect" title="Social activism">social activist</a> presence evolved during this time as well, specifically concerning <a href="/wiki/Native_American_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American rights">Native American rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalist</a> causes, and <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60s-48">[47]</a> By the 1970s, Portland had well established itself as a progressive city, and experienced an economic boom for the majority of the decade; however, the slowing of the housing market in 1979 caused demand for the city and state timber industries to drop significantly.<a href="#cite_note-70s-49">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_1990">Since 1990</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Since 1990">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland_OR_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Portland_OR_aerial.jpg/250px-Portland_OR_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Portland_OR_aerial.jpg/330px-Portland_OR_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Portland_OR_aerial.jpg/500px-Portland_OR_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3074" data-file-height="1747" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Portland and its bridges across the Willamette River</figcaption></figure> In the 1990s, the technology industry began to emerge in Portland, specifically with the establishment of companies such as <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, which brought more than <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>10 billion in investments in 1995 alone.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> In the late 1990s, the Portland area was rated the fourth-least affordable place in the United States to purchase a new home.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> After 2000, Portland experienced significant growth, with a population rise of over 90,000 between the years 2000 and 2014.<a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2014-52">[51]</a> The city's increasing reputation for culture established it as a popular city for young people, and it was second only to <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>, as one of the cities to attract and retain the highest number of college-educated people in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-miller-53">[52]</a> Between 2001 and 2012, Portland's gross domestic product per person grew by fifty percent, more than any other city in the country.<a href="#cite_note-miller-53">[52]</a> The city acquired a <a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Nicknames of Portland, Oregon">diverse range of nicknames</a> throughout its history, though it is most often called "Rose City" or "The City of Roses"<a href="#cite_note-cityrecorder-54">[53]</a> (unofficial nickname since 1888, official since 2003).<a href="#cite_note-Oreg-June2003-55">[54]</a> Another widely used nickname by local residents in everyday speech is "PDX", the airport code for <a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Airport" title="Portland International Airport">Portland International Airport</a>. Other nicknames include Bridgetown,<a href="#cite_note-bridgetown-56">[55]</a> Stumptown,<a href="#cite_note-endoftheoregontrail-57">[56]</a> Rip City,<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Soccer City,<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> P-Town,<a href="#cite_note-Oreg-June2003-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> Portlandia, and the more antiquated Little Beirut.<a href="#cite_note-STAP-62">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020_George_Floyd_protests">2020 George Floyd protests</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2020 George Floyd protests">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon">George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States#Activities_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States § Activities in Portland, Oregon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Floyd_police_brutality_protests_-_Portland_Oregon_-_July_22_-_tedder_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/George_Floyd_police_brutality_protests_-_Portland_Oregon_-_July_22_-_tedder_-_02.jpg/220px-George_Floyd_police_brutality_protests_-_Portland_Oregon_-_July_22_-_tedder_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/George_Floyd_police_brutality_protests_-_Portland_Oregon_-_July_22_-_tedder_-_02.jpg/330px-George_Floyd_police_brutality_protests_-_Portland_Oregon_-_July_22_-_tedder_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/George_Floyd_police_brutality_protests_-_Portland_Oregon_-_July_22_-_tedder_-_02.jpg/440px-George_Floyd_police_brutality_protests_-_Portland_Oregon_-_July_22_-_tedder_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>George Floyd protests at the <a href="/wiki/Mark_O._Hatfield_United_States_Courthouse" title="Mark O. Hatfield United States Courthouse">Mark O. Hatfield Courthouse</a>, July 2020</figcaption></figure> From May 28, 2020, until spring 2021,<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> there were daily <a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">protests</a> about the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a> by police, and racial injustice. There were instances of looting, vandalism, and police actions causing injuries. One protestor was killed by an opposing one.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> Local businesses reported losses totaling millions of dollars as the result of vandalism and looting, according to <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon Public Broadcasting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> Some protests caused injury to protesters and police. In July, federal officers were deployed to safeguard federal property; their presence and tactics were criticized by Oregon officials, who demanded they leave, while lawsuits were filed against local and federal law enforcement alleging wrongful actions by them.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> On May 25, 2021, a protest to commemorate the one-year anniversary of Floyd's murder caused property damage, and was followed by a number of arrests.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Geology of the Pacific Northwest">Geology of the Pacific Northwest</a></div> Portland lies on top of a dormant volcanic field known as the <a href="/wiki/Boring_Lava_Field" title="Boring Lava Field">Boring Lava Field</a>, named after the nearby <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">bedroom community</a> of <a href="/wiki/Boring,_Oregon" title="Boring, Oregon">Boring</a>.<a href="#cite_note-volcano-75">[74]</a> The Boring Lava Field has at least 32 cinder cones such as <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon">Mount Tabor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> and its center lies in southeast Portland. <a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mount St. Helens</a>, a highly active volcano 50 miles (80 km) northeast of the city in Washington state, is easily visible on clear days and is close enough to have dusted the city with volcanic ash after its <a href="/wiki/1980_eruption_of_Mount_St._Helens" title="1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens">eruption on May 18, 1980.</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> The rocks of the Portland area range in age from late <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> to more recent eras.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Multiple shallow, active <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">fault lines</a> traverse the Portland metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-banse-79">[78]</a> Among them are the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Hills_Fault" title="Portland Hills Fault">Portland Hills Fault</a> on the city's west side,<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_Bank_Fault" title="East Bank Fault">East Bank Fault</a> on the east side.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> According to a 2017 survey, several of these faults were characterized as "probably more of a hazard" than the <a href="/wiki/Cascadia_subduction_zone" title="Cascadia subduction zone">Cascadia subduction zone</a> due to their proximities to population centers, with the potential of producing <a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">magnitude</a> 7 <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-banse-79">[78]</a> Notable earthquakes that have impacted the Portland area in recent history include the 6.8-magnitude <a href="/wiki/2001_Nisqually_earthquake" title="2001 Nisqually earthquake">Nisqually earthquake</a> in 2001, and a 5.6-magnitude earthquake that struck on March 25, 1993.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> Per a 2014 report, over 7,000 locations within the Portland area are at high risk for landslides and <a href="/wiki/Soil_liquefaction" title="Soil liquefaction">soil liquefaction</a> in the event of a major earthquake, including much of the city's west side (such as <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Park, Portland, Oregon">Washington Park</a>) and sections of <a href="/wiki/Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Clackamas County, Oregon">Clackamas County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-seventh-84">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Topography">edit</a>]</div> Portland is 60 miles (97 km) east of the Pacific Ocean at the northern end of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>'s most populated region, the Willamette Valley. Downtown Portland straddles the banks of the Willamette River, which flows north through the city center and separates the city's east and west neighborhoods. Less than 10 miles (16 km) from downtown, the Willamette River flows into the Columbia River, the fourth-largest river in the United States, which divides Oregon from Washington state. Portland is approximately 100 miles (160 km) upriver from the Pacific Ocean on the Columbia. Though much of downtown Portland is relatively flat, the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Tualatin_Mountains" title="Tualatin Mountains">Tualatin Mountains</a>, more commonly referred to locally as the "West Hills", pierce through the northwest and southwest reaches of the city. <a href="/wiki/Council_Crest_Park" title="Council Crest Park">Council Crest Park</a> at 1,073 feet (327 m) is often quoted as the highest point in Portland; however, the highest point in Portland is on a section of NW Skyline Blvd just north of <a href="/wiki/Willamette_Stone" title="Willamette Stone">Willamette Stone Heritage site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> The highest point east of the river is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon">Mt. Tabor</a>, an extinct volcanic cinder cone, which rises to 636 feet (194 m). Nearby <a href="/wiki/Powell_Butte" title="Powell Butte">Powell Butte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Butte" title="Rocky Butte">Rocky Butte</a> rise to 614 feet (187 m) and 612 feet (187 m), respectively. To the west of the Tualatin Mountains lies the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Coast_Range" title="Oregon Coast Range">Oregon Coast Range</a>, and to the east lies the actively volcanic <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a>. On clear days, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood" title="Mount Hood">Mt. Hood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mt. St. Helens</a> dominate the horizon, while <a href="/wiki/Mount_Adams_(Washington)" title="Mount Adams (Washington)">Mt. Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier" title="Mount Rainier">Mt. Rainier</a> can also be seen in the distance. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has an area of 145.09 square miles (375.78 km2), of which 133.43 square miles (345.58 km2) is land and 11.66 square miles (30.20 km2) is water.<a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer_files-86">[85]</a> Although almost all of Portland is within <a href="/wiki/Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Multnomah County, Oregon">Multnomah County</a>, small portions of the city are within Clackamas and <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Washington County, Oregon">Washington</a> counties.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monthly_Climate_Normals_(1991-2020)_-_Portland_Area,_OR(ThreadEx).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Portland_Area%2C_OR%28ThreadEx%29.svg/250px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Portland_Area%2C_OR%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Portland_Area%2C_OR%28ThreadEx%29.svg/330px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Portland_Area%2C_OR%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Portland_Area%2C_OR%28ThreadEx%29.svg/500px-Monthly_Climate_Normals_%281991-2020%29_-_Portland_Area%2C_OR%28ThreadEx%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Climate chart for Portland</figcaption></figure> Portland has a <a href="/wiki/Warm-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Warm-summer Mediterranean climate">warm-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> Csb), falling just short of a <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (Köppen Csa) with cool and rainy winters, and warm and dry summers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2014138-88">[87]</a> This climate is characterized by having overcast, wet, and changing weather conditions in fall, winter, and spring, as Portland lies in the direct path of the stormy westerly flow, and warm, dry summers when the <a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_High" title="North Pacific High">North Pacific High</a> reaches its northernmost point in mid-summer.<a href="#cite_note-fao.org-89">[88]</a> Portland's <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">USDA Plant Hardiness Zone</a> is 8b, with parts of the Downtown area falling into zone 9a.<a href="#cite_note-Portland_OR_Extremes-90">[89]</a> Winters are cool, cloudy, and rainy. The coldest month is December with an average daily high temperature of 46.9 °F (8.3 °C), although overnight lows usually remain above freezing by a few degrees. Evening temperatures fall to or below freezing 32 nights per year on average, but very rarely below 18 °F (−8 °C). There are only 2.1 days per year where the daytime high temperature fails to rise above freezing; the mean for the lowest high is at the exact freezing point of 32 °F (0 °C).<a href="#cite_note-NOWData-91">[90]</a> The lowest overnight temperature ever recorded was −3 °F (−19 °C),<a href="#cite_note-Portland_OR_Extremes-90">[89]</a> on February 2, 1950,<a href="#cite_note-NOWData-91">[90]</a> while the lowest daytime high temperature ever recorded was 14 °F (−10 °C) on December 30, 1968.<a href="#cite_note-NOWData-91">[90]</a> The average window in which freezing temperatures may occur is between November 15 and March 19, allowing a growing season of 240 days.<a href="#cite_note-NOWData-91">[90]</a> Annual snowfall in Portland is 4.3 inches (10.9 cm), which usually falls between December and March.<a href="#cite_note-fivethirtyeight.com-92">[91]</a> The city of Portland avoids snow more frequently than its suburbs, due in part to its low elevation and the <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">urban heat island</a> effect. Neighborhoods outside of the downtown core, especially in slightly higher elevations near the <a href="/wiki/Tualatin_Mountains" title="Tualatin Mountains">West Hills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor_(Oregon)" title="Mount Tabor (Oregon)">Mount Tabor</a>, can experience a dusting of snow while downtown receives no accumulation at all. The city has experienced a few major snow and ice storms in its past, with extreme totals having reached 44.5 in (113 cm) at the airport in 1949–50 and 60.9 in (155 cm) at downtown in 1892–93.<a href="#cite_note-PDX_monthly+seasonal_snow-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-downtown_monthly+seasonal_snow-94">[93]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RoseTestGardenPortland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/RoseTestGardenPortland.jpg/250px-RoseTestGardenPortland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/RoseTestGardenPortland.jpg/330px-RoseTestGardenPortland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/RoseTestGardenPortland.jpg/500px-RoseTestGardenPortland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Portland's climate is <a href="/wiki/Roses_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Roses in Portland, Oregon">conducive to the growth of roses</a>. (Pictured: <a href="/wiki/International_Rose_Test_Garden" title="International Rose Test Garden">International Rose Test Garden</a>)</figcaption></figure> Summers in Portland are warm, dry, and sunny, though the sunny warm weather is short-lived, from mid-June to early September.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> June, July, August and September account for a combined 4.19 inches (106 mm) of total rainfall – only 11% of the 36.91 in (938 mm) of annual precipitation. The warmest month is August, with an average high temperature of 82.3 °F (27.9 °C). Because of its inland location 62 miles (100 km) from the coast, as well as the protective nature of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Coast_Range" title="Oregon Coast Range">Oregon Coast Range</a> to its west, Portland summers are less susceptible to the moderating influence of the nearby Pacific Ocean. Consequently, Portland occasionally experiences <a href="/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">heat waves</a>, with temperatures rising above 90 °F (32 °C) for a few days. However, on average, temperatures reach or exceed 80 °F (27 °C) on only 61 days per year, of which 15 days will reach 90 °F (32 °C) and only 1.3 days will reach 100 °F (38 °C). In 2018 more 90-degree days were recorded than ever before.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> On June 28, 2021, Portland recorded its all-time record high temperature of 116 °F (47 °C) and its warmest daily low temperature of 75 °F (24 °C) during a <a href="/wiki/2021_Western_North_America_heat_wave" title="2021 Western North America heat wave">major regional heat wave</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> The record had been broken for three consecutive days with daytime highs of 108 °F (42 °C) on June 26 and 112 °F (44 °C) on June 27; the previous record of 107 °F (42 °C) was set in July 1965 and matched twice in August 1981.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> A temperature of 100 °F (38 °C) has been recorded in all five months from May through September. The warmest night of the year averages 68 °F (20 °C).<a href="#cite_note-NOWData-91">[90]</a> Spring and fall can bring variable weather including high-pressure ridging that sends temperatures surging above 80 °F (27 °C) and cold fronts that plunge daytime temperatures into the 40s °F (4–9 °C). However, lengthy stretches of overcast days beginning in mid-fall and continuing into mid-spring are most common. Rain often falls as a light drizzle for several consecutive days at a time, contributing to 157 days on average with measurable (≥0.01 in or 0.25 mm) precipitation annually. Temperatures have reached 90 °F (32 °C) as early as April 30 and as late as October 5, while 80 °F (27 °C) has been reached as early as March 16 and as late as October 21. <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">Thunderstorms</a> are uncommon and <a href="/wiki/1972_Portland-Vancouver_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 Portland-Vancouver tornado">tornadoes</a> are very rare, although they do occur.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMass2008138-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Portland, Oregon (<a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Airport" title="Portland International Airport">PDX</a>), 1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-102">[b]</a> extremes 1940–present<a href="#cite_note-104">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 (19) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71 (22) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82 (28) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100 (38) </td> <td style="background: #B30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">116 (47) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107 (42) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108 (42) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105 (41) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 (23) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 (19) </td> <td style="background: #B30000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">116 (47) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.1 (14.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1 (15.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.6 (20.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.4 (25.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.9 (30.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.7 (33.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.6 (35.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.7 (35.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.2 (32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.6 (25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.8 (17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.3 (14.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">99.9 (37.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.5 (8.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5 (10.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.8 (13.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0 (16.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.3 (23.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.9 (27.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.3 (27.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.7 (24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.4 (18.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.5 (11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.9 (8.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">63.9 (17.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.9 (5.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.1 (6.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3 (9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.8 (11.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.4 (15.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.2 (17.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.2 (21.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.6 (21.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4 (18.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.6 (13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.1 (8.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.6 (5.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55.1 (12.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 (2.3) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8 (2.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.7 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.7 (6.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.4 (9.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.1 (12.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.5 (14.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.9 (14.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.1 (12.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.7 (8.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.6 (4.8) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 (2.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.2 (7.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (−3.8) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (−3.4) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8 (1.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.5 (4.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3 (8.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.3 (11.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8 (11.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.7 (7.6) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2 (−1.6) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 (−3.9) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.8 (−6.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2 (−19) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3 (−19) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (−7) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 (−2) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 (−2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 (6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 (7) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34 (1) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 (−3) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13 (−11) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 (−16) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3 (−19) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.03 (128) </td> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.68 (93) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.97 (101) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.89 (73) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.51 (64) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.63 (41) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.51 (13) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.54 (14) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.52 (39) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.42 (87) </td> <td style="background: #2AFF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.45 (138) </td> <td style="background: #23FF23; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.77 (147) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.92 (938) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (3.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (3.0) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.2 (11) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #1818FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.7 </td> <td style="background: #2A2AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.8 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.4 </td> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #5858FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.3 </td> <td style="background: #1212FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19.2 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">157.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.7 </td> <td style="background: #0303FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.8 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.8 </td> <td style="background: #0707FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000C6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6 (0.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1 (2.3) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.3 (3.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.8 (4.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.3 (7.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.8 (9.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.9 (11.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.8 (12.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.7 (10.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.2 (7.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.3 (4.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1 (1.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.6 (6.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #9C9C9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.6 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.4 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">191.1 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">221.1 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.1 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">290.2 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">331.9 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">298.1 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235.7 </td> <td style="background: #C4C409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.7 </td> <td style="background: #959595; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.3 </td> <td style="background: #747474; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,340.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dewpoint and sun 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-NOWData-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAAsun-106">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAA_BWI-107">[104]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Portland,_Oregon.tab" class="extiw" title="commons:data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Portland, Oregon.tab">raw graph data</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Architecture of Portland, Oregon">Architecture of Portland, Oregon</a>; <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of tallest buildings in Portland, Oregon">List of tallest buildings in Portland, Oregon</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Portland" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Portland">Downtown Portland</a></div> Portland's cityscape derives much of its character from the many bridges that span the Willamette River downtown, several of which are historic landmarks, and Portland has been nicknamed "Bridgetown" for many decades as a result.<a href="#cite_note-bridgetown-56">[55]</a> Three of downtown's most heavily used bridges are more than 100 years old and are designated historic landmarks: <a href="/wiki/Hawthorne_Bridge" title="Hawthorne Bridge">Hawthorne Bridge</a> (1910), <a href="/wiki/Steel_Bridge" title="Steel Bridge">Steel Bridge</a> (1912), and <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Broadway Bridge (Portland, Oregon)">Broadway Bridge</a> (1913). Portland's newest bridge in the downtown area, <a href="/wiki/Tilikum_Crossing" title="Tilikum Crossing">Tilikum Crossing</a>, opened in 2015 and is the first new bridge to span the Willamette in Portland since the 1973 opening of the double-decker <a href="/wiki/Fremont_Bridge_(Portland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fremont Bridge (Portland)">Fremont Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Other bridges that span the Willamette River in the downtown area include the <a href="/wiki/Burnside_Bridge" title="Burnside Bridge">Burnside Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ross_Island_Bridge" title="Ross Island Bridge">Ross Island Bridge</a> (both built 1926), and the double-decker <a href="/wiki/Marquam_Bridge" title="Marquam Bridge">Marquam Bridge</a> (built 1966). Other bridges outside the downtown area include the <a href="/wiki/Sellwood_Bridge" title="Sellwood Bridge">Sellwood Bridge</a> (built 2016) to the south; and the <a href="/wiki/St._Johns_Bridge" title="St. Johns Bridge">St. Johns Bridge</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic revival">Gothic revival</a> suspension bridge built in 1931, to the north. The <a href="/wiki/Glenn_L._Jackson_Memorial_Bridge" title="Glenn L. Jackson Memorial Bridge">Glenn L. Jackson Memorial Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Bridge" title="Interstate Bridge">Interstate Bridge</a> provide access from Portland across the Columbia River into Washington state. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:604px;max-width:604px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:602px;max-width:602px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:HawthorneBridge-Pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/HawthorneBridge-Pano.jpg/960px-HawthorneBridge-Pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/HawthorneBridge-Pano.jpg/1200px-HawthorneBridge-Pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5776" data-file-height="1500" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Panorama of downtown Portland in the day. <a href="/wiki/Hawthorne_Bridge" title="Hawthorne Bridge">Hawthorne Bridge</a> viewed from a dock on the Willamette River near the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Museum_of_Science_and_Industry" title="Oregon Museum of Science and Industry">Oregon Museum of Science and Industry</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:602px;max-width:602px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland_from_Pittock_Mansion_October_2019_panorama_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Portland_from_Pittock_Mansion_October_2019_panorama_2.jpg/600px-Portland_from_Pittock_Mansion_October_2019_panorama_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Portland_from_Pittock_Mansion_October_2019_panorama_2.jpg/900px-Portland_from_Pittock_Mansion_October_2019_panorama_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Portland_from_Pittock_Mansion_October_2019_panorama_2.jpg/1200px-Portland_from_Pittock_Mansion_October_2019_panorama_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="22500" data-file-height="6000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Panorama of downtown Portland in the evening against the backdrop of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood" title="Mount Hood">Mount Hood</a>, viewed from <a href="/wiki/Pittock_Mansion" title="Pittock Mansion">Pittock Mansion</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:610px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:WillametteRvrPano_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Willamette River runs through the center of the city, while Mount Tabor (center) rises on the city's east side. Mount St. Helens (left) and Mount Hood (right center) are visible from many places in the city."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/WillametteRvrPano_edit.jpg/600px-WillametteRvrPano_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/WillametteRvrPano_edit.jpg/900px-WillametteRvrPano_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/WillametteRvrPano_edit.jpg/1200px-WillametteRvrPano_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7073" data-file-height="1100" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:WillametteRvrPano_edit.jpg" title="File:WillametteRvrPano edit.jpg"> </a></div>The Willamette River runs through the center of the city, while <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon">Mount Tabor</a> (center) rises on the city's east side. <a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens" title="Mount St. Helens">Mount St. Helens</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood" title="Mount Hood">Mount Hood</a> (right center) are visible from many places in the city.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon">Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portland.png/250px-Portland.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portland.png/330px-Portland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portland.png/440px-Portland.png 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>The five previous addressing sectors of Portland, prior to the addition of South Portland</figcaption></figure> The Willamette River, which flows north through downtown, serves as the natural boundary between East and West Portland. The denser and earlier-developed west side extends into the lap of the <a href="/wiki/Tualatin_Mountains" title="Tualatin Mountains">West Hills</a>, while the flatter east side extends for roughly 180 blocks until it meets the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Gresham,_Oregon" title="Gresham, Oregon">Gresham</a>. In 1891 the cities of Portland, <a href="/wiki/Albina,_Oregon" title="Albina, Oregon">Albina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Portland,_Oregon" title="East Portland, Oregon">East Portland</a> were consolidated, creating inconsistent patterns of street names and addresses. It was not unusual for a street name to be duplicated in disparate areas. The "Great Renumbering" on September 2, 1931, standardized street naming patterns and divided Portland into five "general districts". It also changed house numbers from 20 per block to 100 per block and adopted a single street name on a grid. For example, the 200 block north of Burnside is either NW Davis Street or NE Davis Street throughout the entire city.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ladd_Carriage_House_in_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ladd_Carriage_House_in_2014.jpg/250px-Ladd_Carriage_House_in_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ladd_Carriage_House_in_2014.jpg/330px-Ladd_Carriage_House_in_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ladd_Carriage_House_in_2014.jpg/500px-Ladd_Carriage_House_in_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3835" data-file-height="2567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ladd_Carriage_House" title="Ladd Carriage House">Ladd Carriage House</a>, downtown Portland</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._National_Bank_Building_-_Portland,_Oregon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/U.S._National_Bank_Building_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.jpg/220px-U.S._National_Bank_Building_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/U.S._National_Bank_Building_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.jpg/330px-U.S._National_Bank_Building_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/U.S._National_Bank_Building_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.jpg/440px-U.S._National_Bank_Building_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3721" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Bank_Building" title="United States National Bank Building">United States National Bank Building</a>, downtown Portland</figcaption></figure> The six previous addressing sections of Portland, which were colloquially known as quadrants despite there being six,<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> have developed distinctive identities, with mild cultural differences and friendly rivalries between their residents, especially between those who live east of the Willamette River versus west of the river.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> Portland's addressing sections are North, Northwest, Northeast, South, Southeast, and Southwest (which includes <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Portland" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Portland">downtown Portland</a>). The Willamette River divides the city into east and west while <a href="/wiki/Burnside_Street" title="Burnside Street">Burnside Street</a>, which traverses the entire city lengthwise, divides the north and south. North Portland consists of the peninsula formed by the Willamette and Columbia Rivers, with N Williams Ave serving as its eastern boundary. All addresses and streets within the city are prefixed by N, NW, NE, S, SW or SE with the exception of Burnside Street, which is prefixed with W or E. Starting on May 1, 2020, former Southwest prefix addresses with house numbers on east–west streets leading with zero dropped the zero and the street prefix on all streets (including north–south streets) converted from Southwest to South. For example, the current address of 246 S California St. was changed from 0246 SW California St. and the current address of 4310 S Macadam Ave. was converted from 4310 SW Macadam Ave. The new South Portland addressing section was approved by the Portland City Council on June 6, 2018<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> and is bounded by <a href="/wiki/Naito_Parkway" title="Naito Parkway">SW Naito Parkway</a>, SW View Point Terrace and the <a href="/wiki/Tryon_Creek_State_Natural_Area" title="Tryon Creek State Natural Area">Tryon Creek State Natural Area</a> to the west, SW Clay Street to the north, the Willamette River to the east, and city limits to the south. It includes the Lair Hill, Johns Landing and South Waterfront districts and Lewis & Clark College as well as the Riverdale area of unincorporated Multnomah County south of the Portland city limits.<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> In 2018, the city's Bureau of Transportation finalized a plan to transition this part of Portland into South Portland, beginning on May 1, 2020, to reduce confusion by 9-1-1 dispatchers and delivery services.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> With the addition of South Portland, all six addressing sectors (N, NE, NW, S, SE and SW) are now officially known as sextants.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pearl_District_and_Broadway_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Pearl_District_and_Broadway_Bridge.jpg/250px-Pearl_District_and_Broadway_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Pearl_District_and_Broadway_Bridge.jpg/330px-Pearl_District_and_Broadway_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Pearl_District_and_Broadway_Bridge.jpg/500px-Pearl_District_and_Broadway_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2590" data-file-height="1414" /></a><figcaption>Pearl District (left) from the Steel Bridge</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Pearl_District,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Pearl District, Portland, Oregon">The Pearl District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northwest_District,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Northwest District, Portland, Oregon">Northwest Portland</a>, which was largely occupied by warehouses, light industry and railroad classification yards in the early to mid-20th century, now houses upscale <a href="/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">art galleries</a>, restaurants, and retail stores, and is one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in the city.<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> Areas further west of the Pearl District include neighborhoods known as Uptown and Nob Hill, as well as the Alphabet District and NW 23rd Ave., a major shopping street lined with clothing boutiques and other upscale retail, mixed with cafes and restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steam_tug_PORTLAND_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Steam_tug_PORTLAND_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg/250px-Steam_tug_PORTLAND_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Steam_tug_PORTLAND_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg/330px-Steam_tug_PORTLAND_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Steam_tug_PORTLAND_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg/500px-Steam_tug_PORTLAND_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>Lloyd District from downtown Portland</figcaption></figure> Northeast Portland is home to the <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_District,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Lloyd District, Portland, Oregon">Lloyd District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Arts_District" title="Alberta Arts District">Alberta Arts District</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_District_(Portland,_Oregon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood District (Portland, Oregon)">Hollywood District</a>. North Portland is largely residential and industrial. It contains <a href="/wiki/Kelley_Point_Park" title="Kelley Point Park">Kelley Point Park</a>, the northernmost point of the city. It also contains the <a href="/wiki/St._Johns,_Portland,_Oregon" title="St. Johns, Portland, Oregon">St. Johns</a> neighborhood, which is historically one of the most ethnically diverse and poorest neighborhoods in the city.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Chinatown,_Portland,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Town Chinatown, Portland, Oregon">Old Town Chinatown</a> is next to the Pearl District in Northwest Portland. In 1890 it was the second largest Chinese community in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> In 2017, the crime rate was several times above the city average. This neighborhood has been called Portland's skid row.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> Southwest Portland is largely residential. <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Portland,_Oregon" title="Downtown Portland, Oregon">Downtown district</a>, made up of commercial businesses, museums, <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscrapers</a>, and public landmarks represents a small area within the southwest address section. Portland's South Waterfront area has been developing into a dense neighborhood of shops, condominiums, and apartments starting in the mid-2000s. Development in this area is ongoing.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> The area is served by the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Streetcar" title="Portland Streetcar">Portland Streetcar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/MAX_Orange_Line" title="MAX Orange Line">MAX Orange Line</a> and four <a href="/wiki/TriMet" title="TriMet">TriMet</a> bus lines. This former industrial area sat as a <a href="/wiki/Brownfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownfield">brownfield</a> prior to development in the mid-2000s.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> Southeast Portland is largely residential, and consists of several neighborhoods, including <a href="/wiki/Hawthorne,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hawthorne, Portland, Oregon">Hawthorne District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Belmont, Portland, Oregon">Belmont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Brooklyn, Portland, Oregon">Brooklyn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon">Mount Tabor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a>, a private liberal arts college that was founded in 1908, is located within the confines of Southeast Portland as is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon">Mount Tabor</a>, a volcanic landform. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gentrification_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Gentrification of Portland, Oregon">Gentrification of Portland, Oregon</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>2,874</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>8,293</td><td></td><td>188.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>17,577</td><td></td><td>111.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>46,385</td><td></td><td>163.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>90,426</td><td></td><td>94.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>207,214</td><td></td><td>129.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>258,288</td><td></td><td>24.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>301,815</td><td></td><td>16.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>305,394</td><td></td><td>1.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>373,628</td><td></td><td>22.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>372,676</td><td></td><td>−0.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>382,619</td><td></td><td>2.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>366,383</td><td></td><td>−4.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>437,319</td><td></td><td>19.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>529,121</td><td></td><td>21.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>583,776</td><td></td><td>10.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>652,503</td><td></td><td>11.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">630,498</td><td><a href="#cite_note-census.gov-124">[121]</a></td><td>−3.4%</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Ethnic groups in Portland, Oregon">Ethnic groups in Portland, Oregon</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_Americans_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="History of Chinese Americans in Portland, Oregon">History of Chinese Americans in Portland, Oregon</a>; <a href="/wiki/History_of_Koreans_in_Portland,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Koreans in Portland, Oregon">History of Koreans in Portland, Oregon</a>; <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Japanese_in_Portland,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Japanese in Portland, Oregon">History of the Japanese in Portland, Oregon</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Portland, Oregon">Hispanics and Latinos in Portland, Oregon</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption class="nowrap"><big>Ethnicities</big> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Demographic profile </th> <th>2022<a href="#cite_note-census.gov-124">[121]</a></th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-:1-125">[122]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts.census.gov-126">[123]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-census1-127">[124]</a></th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-census1-127">[124]</a></th> <th>1940<a href="#cite_note-census1-127">[124]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White (Non-Hispanic White)</a> </td> <td>68.8%</td> <td>68.8%</td> <td>76.1%</td> <td>84.6%</td> <td>92.2%</td> <td>98.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race) </td> <td>10.3%</td> <td>10.3%</td> <td>9.4%</td> <td>3.2%</td> <td>1.7%<a href="#cite_note-fifteen-128">[d]</a></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> </td> <td>8.5%</td> <td>8.2%</td> <td>7.1%</td> <td>5.3%</td> <td>1.3%</td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Two or More Races</a> </td> <td>8.0%</td> <td>8.0%</td> <td>4.7%</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black or African American</a> </td> <td>5.6%</td> <td>5.8%</td> <td>6.3%</td> <td>7.7%</td> <td>5.6%</td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Native</a> </td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Other Pacific Islander</a> </td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland_population_growth.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Portland_population_growth.png/250px-Portland_population_growth.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Portland_population_growth.png/330px-Portland_population_growth.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Portland_population_growth.png/500px-Portland_population_growth.png 2x" data-file-width="2609" data-file-height="1405" /></a><figcaption>Graph showing the city's population growth from 1850 to 2010<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a></figcaption></figure> The 2020 census reported the city as 73.8% <a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a> (449,025 people), 8.2% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> (52,854), 5.8% Black or African American (38,217), 0.9% Native American (7,335), 0.5% Pacific Islander (3,919), and 5.0% from two or more races (69,898).<a href="#cite_note-:1-125">[122]</a> 10.3% were Hispanic or Latino, of any race (72,336). Whites not of Hispanic origin made up 68.8% of the total population.<a href="#cite_note-:1-125">[122]</a> The 2010 census reported the city as 76.1% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. census)">White</a> (444,254 people), 7.1% <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> (41,448), 6.3% Black or African American (36,778), 1.0% Native American (5,838), 0.5% Pacific Islander (2,919), 4.7% belonging to two or more racial groups (24,437) and 5.0% from other races (28,987).<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts.census.gov-126">[123]</a> 9.4% were <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> or Latino, of any race (54,840). Whites not of Hispanic origin made up 72.2% of the total population.<a href="#cite_note-quickfacts.census.gov-126">[123]</a> In 1940, Portland's African-American population was approximately 2,000 and largely consisted of railroad employees and their families.<a href="#cite_note-maccoll-130">[126]</a> During the war-time <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Ship">Liberty Ship</a> construction boom, the need for workers drew many Black people to the city. The new influx of Black people settled in specific neighborhoods, such as the <a href="/wiki/Albina,_Oregon" title="Albina, Oregon">Albina</a> district and <a href="/wiki/Vanport,_Oregon" title="Vanport, Oregon">Vanport</a>. The May 1948 flood which destroyed Vanport eliminated the only integrated neighborhood, and an influx of blacks into the northeast quadrant of the city continued.<a href="#cite_note-maccoll-130">[126]</a> Portland's <a href="/wiki/Longshoremen" class="mw-redirect" title="Longshoremen">longshoremen</a> racial mix was described as being "lily-white" in the 1960s when the local <a href="/wiki/International_Longshore_and_Warehouse_Union" title="International Longshore and Warehouse Union">International Longshore and Warehouse Union</a> declined to represent grain handlers since some were black.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Portland,_OR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Ethnic_Origins_in_Portland%2C_OR.png/220px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Portland%2C_OR.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Ethnic_Origins_in_Portland%2C_OR.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Portland%2C_OR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Ethnic_Origins_in_Portland%2C_OR.png/440px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Portland%2C_OR.png 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="4482" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Portland</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Racial Makeup of Portland (2022)<a href="#cite_note-census.gov-124">[121]</a></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li>White alone 72.1 (67.1%)</li> <li>Black alone 5.9 (5.49%)</li> <li>Native American alone 1 (0.93%)</li> <li>Asian alone 8.4 (7.81%)</li> <li>Pacific Islander alone 0.6 (0.56%)</li> <li>Two or more races 9.2 (8.56%)</li> <li>Hispanic or Latino 10.3 (9.58%)</li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#64ECDF;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Hispanic or Latino 10.3 (9.58%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie50" style="background:#6A5;color:#000" title="White alone 72.1 (67.1%)"></div> <div class="pie50" style="background:#6A5;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.171turn)" title="White alone 72.1 (67.1%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:#36A;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.671turn)" title="Black alone 5.9 (5.49%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:#36A;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.676turn)" title="Black alone 5.9 (5.49%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.726turn); background:#FF33AC;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 5.66090212% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Native American alone 1 (0.93%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#1A9;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.735turn)" title="Asian alone 8.4 (7.81%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#1A9;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.743turn)" title="Asian alone 8.4 (7.81%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.813turn); background:#E17720;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 3.77169816% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Pacific Islander alone 0.6 (0.56%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#64ECDF;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.819turn)" title="Two or more races 9.2 (8.56%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#64ECDF;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.834turn)" title="Two or more races 9.2 (8.56%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> Over two-thirds of Oregon's African-American residents live in Portland.<a href="#cite_note-maccoll-130">[126]</a> As of the 2000 census, three of its high schools (Cleveland, Lincoln and Wilson) were over 70% White, reflecting the overall population, while <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Jefferson High School (Portland, Oregon)">Jefferson High School</a> was 87% non-White. The remaining six schools have a higher number of non-Whites, including Blacks and Asians. Hispanic students average from 3.3% at Wells to 31% at <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roosevelt High School (Portland, Oregon)">Roosevelt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> Portland residents identifying solely as Asian Americans account for 7.1% of the population; an additional 1.8% is partially of Asian heritage. <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese American">Vietnamese Americans</a> make up 2.2% of Portland's population, and make up the largest Asian ethnic group in the city, followed by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese American">Chinese</a> (1.7%), <a href="/wiki/Filipino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino American">Filipinos</a> (0.6%), <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American">Japanese</a> (0.5%), <a href="/wiki/Korean_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean American">Koreans</a> (0.4%), <a href="/wiki/Laotian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Laotian American">Laotians</a> (0.4%), <a href="/wiki/Hmong_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong American">Hmong</a> (0.2%), and <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian American">Cambodians</a> (0.1%).<a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> A small population of <a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_Americans" title="Iu Mien Americans">Iu Mien</a> live in Portland. Portland has two Chinatowns, with New Chinatown in the '<a href="/wiki/Jade_District" title="Jade District">Jade District</a>' along SE 82nd Avenue with Chinese supermarkets, Hong Kong style noodle houses, <a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">dim sum</a>, and Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Phở">phở</a> restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> With about 12,000 Vietnamese residing in the city proper, Portland has one of the largest Vietnamese populations in America per capita.<a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> According to statistics, there are over 4,500 <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander American">Pacific Islanders</a> in Portland, making up 0.7% of the city's population.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> There is a <a href="/wiki/Tongan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongan American">Tongan</a> community in Portland, who arrived in the area in the 1970s, and Tongans and Pacific Islanders as a whole are one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the Portland area.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> Portland's population has been and remains predominantly <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a>. In 1940, Whites were over 98% of the city's population.<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> In 2009, Portland had the fifth-highest percentage of White residents among the 40 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. A 2007 survey of the 40 largest cities in the U.S. concluded Portland's urban core has the highest percentage of White residents.<a href="#cite_note-bh-139">[135]</a> Some scholars have noted the Pacific Northwest as a whole is "one of the last Caucasian bastions of the United States".<a href="#cite_note-WilsonE-140">[136]</a> While Portland's diversity was historically comparable to metro Seattle and Salt Lake City, those areas grew more diverse in the late 1990s and 2000s. Portland not only remains White, but migration to Portland is disproportionately White.<a href="#cite_note-bh-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr-141">[137]</a> The Oregon Territory banned African American settlement in 1849. In the 19th century, certain laws allowed the immigration of Chinese laborers but prohibited them from owning property or bringing their families.<a href="#cite_note-bh-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-insiders-142">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-frazier-143">[139]</a> The early 1920s saw the rapid growth of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>, which became very influential in Oregon politics, culminating in the election of <a href="/wiki/Walter_M._Pierce" title="Walter M. Pierce">Walter M. Pierce</a> as governor.<a href="#cite_note-insiders-142">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-frazier-143">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levitas2002-144">[140]</a> The largest influxes of minority populations occurred during World War II, as the African American population grew by a factor of 10 for wartime work.<a href="#cite_note-bh-139">[135]</a> After World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Vanport_City,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanport City, Oregon">Vanport flood</a> in 1948 displaced many African Americans. As they resettled, <a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">redlining</a> directed the displaced workers from the wartime settlement to neighboring <a href="/wiki/Albina,_Oregon" title="Albina, Oregon">Albina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WilsonE-140">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-frazier-143">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> There and elsewhere in Portland, they experienced police hostility, lack of employment, and <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">mortgage discrimination</a>, leading to half the black population leaving after the war.<a href="#cite_note-bh-139">[135]</a> In the 1980s and 1990s, radical skinhead groups flourished in Portland.<a href="#cite_note-frazier-143">[139]</a> In 1988, <a href="/wiki/Mulugeta_Seraw" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulugeta Seraw">Mulugeta Seraw</a>, an Ethiopian immigrant, was killed by three skinheads. The response to his murder involved a community-driven series of rallies, campaigns, nonprofits and events designed to address Portland's racial history, leading to a city considered significantly more tolerant than in 1988 at Seraw's death.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> Portland has a substantial <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> population.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> 76% of Latinos in Portland are of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> heritage.<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> Italians and Russian Jews had a very visible presence in Portland.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Households">Households</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Households">edit</a>]</div> As of the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>, there were 583,776 people living in the city, organized into 235,508 households. The population density was 4,375.2 people per square mile. There were 265,439 housing units at an average density of 1,989.4 per square mile (768.1/km2). Population growth in Portland increased 10.3% between 2000 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> Population growth in the <a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area" title="Portland metropolitan area">Portland metropolitan area</a> has outpaced the national average during the last decade, and this is expected to continue over the next 50 years.<a href="#cite_note-pt_growth-151">[147]</a> Out of 223,737 households, 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 3. The age distribution was 21.1% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $40,146, and the median income for a family was $50,271. Males had a reported median income of $35,279 versus $29,344 reported for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,643. 13.1% of the population and 8.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 15.7% of those under the age of 18 and 10.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Figures delineating the income levels based on race are not available at this time. According to the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Association" title="Modern Language Association">Modern Language Association</a>, in 2010 80.9% (539,885) percent of Multnomah County residents ages 5 and over spoke English as their <a href="/wiki/Primary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary language">primary language</a> at home.<a href="#cite_note-mod-152">[148]</a> 8.1% of the population spoke Spanish (54,036), with Vietnamese speakers making up 1.9%, and Russian 1.5%.<a href="#cite_note-mod-152">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social">Social</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Social">edit</a>]</div> The Portland metropolitan area has historically had a significant <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> population throughout the late 20th and early 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a> In 2015, the city metro had the second highest percentage of LGBT residents in the United States with 5.4% of residents identifying as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender, second only to San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-nylgbt-155">[151]</a> In 2006, it was reported to have the seventh highest LGBT population in the country, with 8.8% of residents identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, and the metro ranking fourth in the nation at 6.1%.<a href="#cite_note-ACSGates-156">[152]</a> The city held its first <a href="/wiki/Pride_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Pride festival">pride festival</a> in 1975 on the <a href="/wiki/Portland_State_University" title="Portland State University">Portland State University</a> campus.<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Religion in Portland, Oregon">Religion in Portland, Oregon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Presbyterian_Church_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/First_Presbyterian_Church_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg/250px-First_Presbyterian_Church_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/First_Presbyterian_Church_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg/330px-First_Presbyterian_Church_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/First_Presbyterian_Church_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg/500px-First_Presbyterian_Church_-_Portland_Oregon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1378" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="First Presbyterian Church (Portland, Oregon)">First Presbyterian Church</a> in downtown</figcaption></figure> Portland has been cited as the least <a href="/wiki/Religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious">religious</a> city in the United States with over 42% of residents identifying as religiously "unaffiliated",<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> according to the nonpartisan and nonprofit <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s American Values Atlas.<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: #f8f9fa; color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccf"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religious affiliation (2020)<a href="#cite_note-random-160">[156]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Unaffiliated</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgrey; width:64%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">64%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorchid; width:15.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">15.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:dodgerblue; width:14.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Latter-day Saint (Mormon)</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkblue; width:2.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gold; width:1.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:0.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:0.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:0.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other faiths</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgrey; width:0.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.4%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homelessness">Homelessness</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Homelessness">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northeast_Portland_homeless_camp_tents.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Northeast_Portland_homeless_camp_tents.jpg/250px-Northeast_Portland_homeless_camp_tents.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Northeast_Portland_homeless_camp_tents.jpg/330px-Northeast_Portland_homeless_camp_tents.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Northeast_Portland_homeless_camp_tents.jpg/500px-Northeast_Portland_homeless_camp_tents.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3995" data-file-height="2497" /></a><figcaption>Tent camps setup on the sidewalk in the Lloyd District neighborhood.</figcaption></figure> A 2019 survey by the city's budget office showed that homelessness is perceived as the top challenge facing Portland, and was cited as a reason people move and do not participate in park programs.<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> Calls to 911 concerning "unwanted persons" have significantly increased between 2013 and 2018, and the police are increasingly dealing with homeless and mentally ill.<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> Homelessness has taken a toll on the sense of safety among visitors, and residents and business owners are adversely impacted.<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> Even though homeless services and shelter beds have increased, as of 2020 homelessness is considered an intractable problem in Portland.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> The proposed budget for 2022–23 includes $5.8MM to buy land for affordable housing, and $36MM to equip and operate "safe rest villages".<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> A 2022 initiative approved by the Portland city council makes homeless camping illegal, eventually requiring homeless individuals to move into mass shelters.<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Crime_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Crime Report">Uniform Crime Report</a> in 2009, Portland ranked 53rd in violent crime out of the top 75 U.S. cities with a population greater than 250,000.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> The murder rate in Portland in 2013 averaged 2.3 murders per 100,000 people per year, which was lower than the national average. In 2011, 72% of arrested male subjects tested positive for illegal drugs and the city was dubbed the "deadliest drug market in the Pacific Northwest" due to drug related deaths.<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Nightline" title="Nightline">ABC's Nightline</a> reported that Portland is one of the largest hubs for child sex trafficking.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> Car theft rates in Portland are the fifth highest of any US metropolitan area as of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> in 2023: "Shootings in the city have tripled" and "Lower-level crimes have spiked too: More than 11,000 vehicles were stolen in 2022, up from 6,500 in 2019."<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> In the Portland <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metropolitan statistical area</a> which includes Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, OR and Clark and Skamania Counties, WA for 2017, the murder rate was 2.6, violent crime was 283.2 per 100,000 people per year. In 2017, the population within the city of Portland was 649,408 and there were 24 murders and 3,349 violent crimes.<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> Portland's 101 homicides in 2022 set a new record.<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> For 2021 year, Portland recorded 90 homicides, compared with 20 in 2016, and 27 in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Category:Companies based in Portland, Oregon">Companies based in Portland, Oregon</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adidas_Village_Giant_Shoes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Adidas_Village_Giant_Shoes.jpg/220px-Adidas_Village_Giant_Shoes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Adidas_Village_Giant_Shoes.jpg/330px-Adidas_Village_Giant_Shoes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Adidas_Village_Giant_Shoes.jpg/440px-Adidas_Village_Giant_Shoes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a> has its North American headquarters in the <a href="/wiki/Overlook,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Overlook, Portland, Oregon">Overlook neighborhood</a></figcaption></figure>Portland's location is beneficial for several industries. Relatively low energy cost, accessible resources, north–south and east–west Interstates, international air terminals, large marine shipping facilities, and both west coast intercontinental railroads are all economic advantages.<a href="#cite_note-citydata_economy-176">[172]</a> The city's marine terminals alone handle over 13 million tons of cargo per year, and the port is home to one of the largest commercial dry docks in the country.<a href="#cite_note-answers_cg-177">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-portofportland_report-178">[174]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Portland_(Oregon)" title="Port of Portland (Oregon)">Port of Portland</a> is the third-largest export tonnage port on the west coast of the U.S., and being about 80 miles (130 km) upriver, it is the largest fresh-water port.<a href="#cite_note-citydata_economy-176">[172]</a> The scrap steel industry's history in Portland predates World War II. <a href="/wiki/Radius_Recycling" title="Radius Recycling">Radius Recycling</a> (formerly Schnitzer Steel), a major <a href="/wiki/Scrap" title="Scrap">scrap</a> recycler is headquartered in the <a href="/wiki/KOIN_Tower" title="KOIN Tower">KOIN Tower</a> in Portland.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> Other heavy industry companies in Portland include <a href="/wiki/ESCO_Group" title="ESCO Group">ESCO Group</a>,<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evraz_Oregon_Steel_Mills" title="Evraz Oregon Steel Mills">Evraz Oregon Steel Mills</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> Technology is a major component of the city's economy, with more than 1,200 technology companies existing within the metro.<a href="#cite_note-citydata_economy-176">[172]</a> This high density of technology companies has led to the nickname <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Forest" title="Silicon Forest">Silicon Forest</a> being used to describe the Portland area, a reference to the abundance of trees in the region and to the <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> region in Northern California.<a href="#cite_note-name-182">[178]</a> The area also hosts facilities for software companies and online <a href="/wiki/Startup_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Startup companies">startup companies</a>, some supported by local <a href="/wiki/Seed_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed funding">seed funding</a> organizations and <a href="/wiki/Business_incubator" title="Business incubator">business incubators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a> Computer components manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> is the Portland area's largest employer, providing jobs for more than 15,000 people, with several campuses to the west of central Portland in the city of <a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Oregon" title="Hillsboro, Oregon">Hillsboro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-citydata_economy-176">[172]</a> The Portland metro area has become a <a href="/wiki/Business_cluster" title="Business cluster">business cluster</a> for athletic/outdoor gear and footwear manufacturer's headquarters. The area is home to the global, North American or U.S. headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a> (the only <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> company headquartered in Oregon), <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Sportswear" title="Columbia Sportswear">Columbia Sportswear</a>, <a href="/wiki/LaCrosse_Footwear" title="LaCrosse Footwear">LaCrosse Footwear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Martens" title="Dr. Martens">Dr. Martens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li-Ning" title="Li-Ning">Li-Ning</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/Keen_(shoe_company)" title="Keen (shoe company)">Keen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hi-Tec_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Hi-Tec Sports">Hi-Tec Sports</a>,<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snow_Peak_(company)" title="Snow Peak (company)">Snow Peak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> While headquartered elsewhere, <a href="/wiki/Merrell_(company)" title="Merrell (company)">Merrell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amer_Sports" title="Amer Sports">Amer Sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a> have design studios and local offices in the Portland area. Other notable Portland-based companies include industrial goods and metal fabrication company <a href="/wiki/Precision_Castparts_Corp." title="Precision Castparts Corp.">Precision Castparts</a>, film animation studio <a href="/wiki/Laika_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laika (company)">Laika</a>; commercial vehicle manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Trucks_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler Trucks North America">Daimler Trucks North America</a>; advertising firm <a href="/wiki/Wieden%2BKennedy" title="Wieden+Kennedy">Wieden+Kennedy</a>; bankers <a href="/wiki/Umpqua_Holdings_Corporation" title="Umpqua Holdings Corporation">Umpqua Holdings</a>; child care and early childhood education provider <a href="/wiki/KinderCare_Learning_Centers" title="KinderCare Learning Centers">KinderCare Learning Centers</a>; and retailers <a href="/wiki/Fred_Meyer" title="Fred Meyer">Fred Meyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Seasons_Market" title="New Seasons Market">New Seasons Market</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storables" title="Storables">Storables</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Powell%27s_Books" title="Powell's Books">Powell's Books</a>. Breweries are another major industry in Portland, which is home to 139 breweries/<a href="/wiki/Microbreweries" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbreweries">microbreweries</a>, the 7th most in the nation, as of December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> Additionally, the city boasts a robust <a href="/wiki/Coffee_culture" title="Coffee culture">coffee culture</a> that now rivals Seattle and hosts over 20 coffee roasters.<a href="#cite_note-MadeInPortland.org-189">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_Employers">Top Employers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Top Employers">edit</a>]</div> As of the city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,<a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a> Portland's top employers are: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>#</th> <th>Employer</th> <th>Number of employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Providence_Health_%26_Services" title="Providence Health & Services">Providence Health & Services</a></td> <td>23,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel Corporation</a></td> <td>22,328 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Health_%26_Science_University" title="Oregon Health & Science University">Oregon Health & Science University</a></td> <td>19,603 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike, Inc.</a></td> <td>15,522 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Health" title="Legacy Health">Legacy Health</a></td> <td>13,087 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Permanente" title="Kaiser Permanente">Kaiser Foundation Health Plan</a></td> <td>12,514 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fred_Meyer" title="Fred Meyer">Fred Meyer</a></td> <td>9,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_Public_Schools_(Oregon)" title="Portland Public Schools (Oregon)">Portland Public Schools</a></td> <td>7,111 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>City of Portland</td> <td>6,753 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Multnomah County, Oregon">Multnomah County</a></td> <td>6,317 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Housing">edit</a>]</div> In 2016, home prices in Portland grew faster than in any other city in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> Apartment rental costs in Portland reported in November 2019 was $1,337 for two bedroom and $1,133 for one bedroom.<a href="#cite_note-192">[188]</a> In 2017, developers projected an additional 6,500 apartments to be built in the Portland Metro Area over the next year.<a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a> However, as of December 2019, the number of homes available for rent or purchase in Portland continues to shrink. Over the past year, housing prices in Portland have risen 2.5%. Housing prices in Portland continue to rise, the median price rising from $391,400 in November 2018 to $415,000 in November 2019.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> There has been a rise of people from out of state moving to Portland, which impacts housing availability. Because of the demand for affordable housing and influx of new residents, more Portlanders in their 20s and 30s are still living in their parents' homes.<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> There is a considerable amount of "<a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a> type" rentals in the city. An audit in 2018 located around 4,600 listings, of which 80% were illegally operated.<a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Arts and culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music,_film,_and_performing_arts">Music, film, and performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Music, film, and performing arts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Oregon#Portland" title="Music of Oregon">Music of Oregon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cinemas_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Cinemas in Portland, Oregon">Cinemas in Portland, Oregon</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Oregon#Northwest" title="List of films shot in Oregon">List of films shot in Northwestern Oregon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sagebrush_Symphony,_Burns,_Oregon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sagebrush_Symphony%2C_Burns%2C_Oregon.jpg/220px-Sagebrush_Symphony%2C_Burns%2C_Oregon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sagebrush_Symphony%2C_Burns%2C_Oregon.jpg/330px-Sagebrush_Symphony%2C_Burns%2C_Oregon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Sagebrush_Symphony%2C_Burns%2C_Oregon.jpg/440px-Sagebrush_Symphony%2C_Burns%2C_Oregon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>The Sagebrush Symphony, an early incarnation of the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Youth_Philharmonic" title="Portland Youth Philharmonic">Portland Youth Philharmonic</a>, performing in <a href="/wiki/Burns,_Oregon" title="Burns, Oregon">Burns</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1916</figcaption></figure> Portland is home to a range of classical performing arts institutions including the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Opera" title="Portland Opera">Portland Opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland_Baroque_Orchestra" title="Portland Baroque Orchestra">Portland Baroque Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Symphony" title="Oregon Symphony">Oregon Symphony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portland_Youth_Philharmonic" title="Portland Youth Philharmonic">Portland Youth Philharmonic</a>; the last of these, established in 1924, was the first youth orchestra established in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a> The city is also home to several theaters and performing arts institutions including the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Ballet_Theatre" title="Oregon Ballet Theatre">Oregon Ballet Theatre</a>, Northwest Children's Theatre, <a href="/wiki/Portland_Center_Stage" title="Portland Center Stage">Portland Center Stage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artists_Repertory_Theatre" title="Artists Repertory Theatre">Artists Repertory Theatre</a>, Curious Comedy Theatre and <a href="/wiki/Miracle_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracle Theatre">Miracle Theatre</a>. In 2013, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> named the city's music scene as one of the "most vibrant" in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a> Portland is home to famous bands such as the <a href="/wiki/The_Kingsmen" title="The Kingsmen">Kingsmen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_%26_the_Raiders" title="Paul Revere & the Raiders">Paul Revere & the Raiders</a>, both famous for their association with the song "<a href="/wiki/Louie_Louie" title="Louie Louie">Louie Louie</a>" (1963).<a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a> Other widely known musical groups include the <a href="/wiki/The_Dandy_Warhols" title="The Dandy Warhols">Dandy Warhols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quarterflash" title="Quarterflash">Quarterflash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Everclear_(band)" title="Everclear (band)">Everclear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pink_Martini" title="Pink Martini">Pink Martini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleater-Kinney" title="Sleater-Kinney">Sleater-Kinney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blitzen_Trapper" title="Blitzen Trapper">Blitzen Trapper</a>, the <a href="/wiki/The_Decemberists" title="The Decemberists">Decemberists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Smith" title="Elliott Smith">Elliott Smith</a>. More recently, <a href="/wiki/Portugal._The_Man" title="Portugal. The Man">Portugal. The Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modest_Mouse" title="Modest Mouse">Modest Mouse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Shins" title="The Shins">the Shins</a> have made their home in Portland. In the 1980s, the city was home to a burgeoning punk scene, which included bands such as the <a href="/wiki/Wipers_(band)" title="Wipers (band)">Wipers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dead_Moon" title="Dead Moon">Dead Moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a> The city's now-demolished <a href="/wiki/Satyricon_nightclub" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyricon nightclub">Satyricon nightclub</a> was a punk venue where <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> frontman <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Cobain" title="Kurt Cobain">Kurt Cobain</a> first encountered his future wife and <a href="/wiki/Hole_(band)" title="Hole (band)">Hole</a> frontwoman <a href="/wiki/Courtney_Love" title="Courtney Love">Courtney Love</a> in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a> Love was then a resident of Portland and started several bands there with <a href="/wiki/Kat_Bjelland" title="Kat Bjelland">Kat Bjelland</a>, later of <a href="/wiki/Babes_in_Toyland_(band)" title="Babes in Toyland (band)">Babes in Toyland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-e_weeklykennedy-203">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-e_true-204">[200]</a> Multi-<a href="/wiki/Grammy" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy">Grammy</a> award-winning jazz artist <a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Spalding" title="Esperanza Spalding">Esperanza Spalding</a> is from Portland and performed with the Chamber Music Society of Oregon at a young age.<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a> A <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Oregon" title="List of films shot in Oregon">wide range of films have been shot in Portland</a>, from various independent features to major big-budget productions. Director <a href="/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant" title="Gus Van Sant">Gus Van Sant</a> has notably set and shot many of his films in the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalsetto20151–29-206">[202]</a> The city has also been featured in various television programs, notably the <a href="/wiki/IFC_(American_TV_channel)" title="IFC (American TV channel)">IFC</a> <a href="/wiki/Sketch_comedy" title="Sketch comedy">sketch comedy</a> series <a href="/wiki/Portlandia" title="Portlandia">Portlandia</a>. The series, which ran for eight seasons from 2011 to 2018,<a href="#cite_note-207">[203]</a> was shot on location in Portland, and satirized the city as a hub of liberal politics, organic food, alternative lifestyles, and anti-establishment attitudes.<a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>'s long-time running reality show <a href="/wiki/The_Real_World_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Real World (TV series)">The Real World</a> was also shot in Portland for the show's 29th season: <a href="/wiki/The_Real_World:_Portland" title="The Real World: Portland">The Real World: Portland</a> premiered on MTV in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> Other television series shot in the city include <a href="/wiki/Leverage_(American_TV_series)" title="Leverage (American TV series)">Leverage</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Librarians_(2014_TV_series)" title="The Librarians (2014 TV series)">The Librarians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Under_Suspicion_(TV_series)" title="Under Suspicion (TV series)">Under Suspicion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grimm_(TV_series)" title="Grimm (TV series)">Grimm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nowhere_Man_(American_TV_series)" title="Nowhere Man (American TV series)">Nowhere Man</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> An unusual feature of Portland entertainment is the large number of movie theaters serving beer, often with second-run or revival films.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> Notable examples of these "brew and view" theaters include the <a href="/wiki/The_Bagdad_Theater_and_Pub" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bagdad Theater and Pub">Bagdad Theater and Pub</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> theater built in 1927 by <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalahniuk200363–64-213">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cinema_21" title="Cinema 21">Cinema 21</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Laurelhurst_Theater" title="Laurelhurst Theater">Laurelhurst Theater</a>, in operation since 1923. Portland hosts the world's longest-running <a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft Film Festival</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Theatre_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Hollywood Theatre (Portland, Oregon)">Hollywood Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_recreation">Museums and recreation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Museums and recreation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of museums in Portland, Oregon">List of museums in Portland, Oregon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Tourism in Portland, Oregon">Tourism in Portland, Oregon</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_artists_and_art_institutions_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of artists and art institutions in Portland, Oregon">List of artists and art institutions in Portland, Oregon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OMSI_entrance_outside_-_Portland,_Oregon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/OMSI_entrance_outside_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG/250px-OMSI_entrance_outside_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/OMSI_entrance_outside_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG/330px-OMSI_entrance_outside_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/OMSI_entrance_outside_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG/500px-OMSI_entrance_outside_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3475" data-file-height="2393" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Museum_of_Science_and_Industry" title="Oregon Museum of Science and Industry">Oregon Museum of Science and Industry</a> (OMSI)</figcaption></figure> Portland is home to numerous museums and educational institutions, ranging from art museums to institutions devoted to science and wildlife. Among the science-oriented institutions are the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Museum_of_Science_and_Industry" title="Oregon Museum of Science and Industry">Oregon Museum of Science and Industry</a> (OMSI), which consists of five main halls and other ticketed attractions, such as the <a href="/wiki/USS_Blueback_(SS-581)" title="USS Blueback (SS-581)">USS Blueback</a> submarine,<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> the ultra-large-screen Empirical Theater (which replaced an OMNIMAX theater in 2013),<a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> and the Kendall <a href="/wiki/Planetarium" title="Planetarium">Planetarium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_Forestry_Center" title="World Forestry Center">World Forestry Center Discovery Museum</a>, located in the city's <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Washington Park (Portland, Oregon)">Washington Park</a> area, offers educational exhibits on forests and forest-related subjects. Also located in <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Washington Park (Portland, Oregon)">Washington Park</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Arboretum" title="Hoyt Arboretum">Hoyt Arboretum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Rose_Test_Garden" title="International Rose Test Garden">International Rose Test Garden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Japanese_Garden" title="Portland Japanese Garden">Japanese Garden</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Zoo" title="Oregon Zoo">Oregon Zoo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland_Art_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portland_Art_Museum.jpg/250px-Portland_Art_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portland_Art_Museum.jpg/330px-Portland_Art_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portland_Art_Museum.jpg/500px-Portland_Art_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portland_Art_Museum" title="Portland Art Museum">Portland Art Museum</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Portland_Art_Museum" title="Portland Art Museum">Portland Art Museum</a> owns the city's largest art collection and presents a variety of touring exhibitions each year and, with the recent addition of the Modern and Contemporary Art wing, it became one of the United States' 25 largest museums. The <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Historical_Society_Museum" title="Oregon Historical Society Museum">Oregon Historical Society Museum</a>, founded in 1898, which has a variety of books, film, pictures, artifacts, and maps dating back throughout Oregon's history. It houses permanent and temporary exhibits about Oregon history, and hosts traveling exhibits about the history of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oaks_Amusement_Park" title="Oaks Amusement Park">Oaks Amusement Park</a>, in the Sellwood district of Southeast Portland, is the city's only <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement park</a> and is also one of the country's longest-running amusement parks. It has operated since 1905 and was known as the "<a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a> of the Northwest" upon its opening.<a href="#cite_note-beck-221">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine_and_breweries">Cuisine and breweries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cuisine and breweries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Widmer_Brewing_Company_headquarters_-_Portland,_Oregon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Widmer_Brewing_Company_headquarters_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG/220px-Widmer_Brewing_Company_headquarters_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Widmer_Brewing_Company_headquarters_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG/330px-Widmer_Brewing_Company_headquarters_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Widmer_Brewing_Company_headquarters_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG/440px-Widmer_Brewing_Company_headquarters_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3590" data-file-height="2387" /></a><figcaption>Widmer Brewing Company headquarters</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Food_carts_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Food carts in Portland, Oregon">Food carts are extremely popular within the city</a>, with over 600 licensed carts.<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> The city is home to <a href="/wiki/Stumptown_Coffee_Roasters" title="Stumptown Coffee Roasters">Stumptown Coffee Roasters</a> as well as dozens of other micro-roasteries and cafes.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> Portland has 58 active breweries within city limits,<a href="#cite_note-Facts_–_Oregon_Craft_Beer-225">[221]</a> and 70+ within the surrounding metro area.<a href="#cite_note-Facts_–_Oregon_Craft_Beer-225">[221]</a> and data compiled by the Brewers Association ranks Portland seventh in the United States as of 2018.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> Portland hosts a number of festivals throughout the year that celebrate beer and brewing, including the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Brewers_Festival" title="Oregon Brewers Festival">Oregon Brewers Festival</a>, held in <a href="/wiki/Tom_McCall_Waterfront_Park" title="Tom McCall Waterfront Park">Tom McCall Waterfront Park</a>. Held each summer during the last full weekend of July, it is the largest outdoor craft beer festival in North America, with over 70,000 attendees in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> Other major beer festivals throughout the calendar year include the Spring Beer and Wine Festival in April, the North American Organic Brewers Festival in June, the <a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Beerfest" title="Portland International Beerfest">Portland International Beerfest</a> in July,<a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> and the Holiday Ale Festival in December. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustainability">Sustainability</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sustainability">edit</a>]</div> The city became a pioneer of state-directed metropolitan planning, a program which was instituted statewide in 1969 to compact the <a href="/wiki/Urban_growth_boundary" title="Urban growth boundary">urban growth boundaries</a> of the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreilichSitkowskiMennilo2010134-229">[225]</a> Portland was the first city to enact a comprehensive plan to reduce <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dioxide emissions">carbon dioxide emissions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_speech_and_public_nudity">Free speech and public nudity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Free speech and public nudity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:No_war_pdx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_war_pdx.jpg/220px-No_war_pdx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_war_pdx.jpg/330px-No_war_pdx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/No_war_pdx.jpg/440px-No_war_pdx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Iraq_War" title="Protests against the Iraq War">Protests against the Iraq War</a> on March 19, 2006</figcaption></figure> Strong free speech protections of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Constitution">Oregon Constitution</a> upheld by the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Supreme_Court" title="Oregon Supreme Court">Oregon Supreme Court</a> in <a href="/wiki/State_v._Henry" title="State v. Henry">State v. Henry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> specifically found that full nudity and <a href="/wiki/Lap_dance" title="Lap dance">lap dances</a> in <a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">strip clubs</a> are <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">protected speech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a> Portland has the highest number of strip clubs per-capita in a city in the United States, and Oregon ranks as the highest state for per-capita strip clubs.<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> In November 2008, a Multnomah County judge dismissed charges against a nude bicyclist arrested on June 26, 2008. The judge stated that the city's annual <a href="/wiki/World_Naked_Bike_Ride" title="World Naked Bike Ride">World Naked Bike Ride</a> – held each year in June since 2004 – has created a "well-established tradition" in Portland where cyclists may ride naked as a form of protest against cars and fossil fuel dependence.<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> The defendant was not riding in the official World Naked Bike Ride at the time of his arrest as it had occurred 12 days earlier that year, on June 14.<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests">Protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Protests">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protests_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Protests in Portland, Oregon">Protests in Portland, Oregon</a></div> From November 10 to 12, 2016, protests in Portland turned into a <a href="/wiki/2016_Portland,_Oregon_riots" title="2016 Portland, Oregon riots">riot</a>, when a group broke off from a larger group of peaceful protesters who were opposed to the election of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> as president of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_art">Public art</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Public art">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of public art in Portland, Oregon">List of public art in Portland, Oregon</a></div> The city of Portland has over 400 pieces of permanently sited <a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">public art</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oregonian-Art-238">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> One of the oldest pieces of public art in the city is <a href="/wiki/Skidmore_Fountain" title="Skidmore Fountain">Skidmore Fountain</a>, which was completed in 1888.<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> Most pieces are maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Arts_%26_Culture_Council" title="Regional Arts & Culture Council">Regional Arts & Culture Council</a>, an organization that is partially funded by the city government. Several outdoor statues, sculptures, and monuments were removed or vandalized following the 2020 <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Percent_for_art" title="Percent for art">percent for art</a> ordinance was passed by Portland's city council in 1980 to allocate funding for public artwork in the capital budgets of major city projects.<a href="#cite_note-Oregonian-Art-238">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Sports in Portland, Oregon">Sports in Portland, Oregon</a></div> Portland is home to three major league sports franchises: the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Trail_Blazers" title="Portland Trail Blazers">Portland Trail Blazers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Timbers" title="Portland Timbers">Portland Timbers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> (MLS), and the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Thorns_FC" title="Portland Thorns FC">Portland Thorns FC</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a>. In 2015, the Timbers won the <a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup_2015" title="MLS Cup 2015">MLS Cup</a>, which was the first male professional sports championship for a team from Portland since the Trail Blazers won the <a href="/wiki/1977_NBA_Finals" title="1977 NBA Finals">NBA championship in 1977</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> Despite being the 19th most populated <a href="/wiki/United_States_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="United States metropolitan area">metro area</a> in the United States, Portland contains only one franchise from the four major sports leagues (NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB), making it the United States' second most populated metro area with that distinction, behind <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, which also has only one NBA team (the <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Spurs" title="San Antonio Spurs">Spurs</a>). The city has been often rumored to receive an additional franchise, although efforts to acquire a team have failed due to stadium funding issues.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> An organization known as the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Diamond_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland Diamond Project">Portland Diamond Project</a> (PDP)<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> has worked with MLB and local government, and there are plans to have an MLB stadium constructed at <a href="/wiki/Zidell_Yards" title="Zidell Yards">Zidell Yards</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Waterfront,_Portland,_Oregon" title="South Waterfront, Portland, Oregon">South Waterfront</a> neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> The PDP has not yet received the funding for this project. On September 18, 2024, it was announced that the city would receive a WNBA franchise, slated to start in 2026.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeld-Wen_Field_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Jeld-Wen_Field_2013.jpg/250px-Jeld-Wen_Field_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Jeld-Wen_Field_2013.jpg/330px-Jeld-Wen_Field_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Jeld-Wen_Field_2013.jpg/500px-Jeld-Wen_Field_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Providence_Park" title="Providence Park">Providence Park</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Timbers" title="Portland Timbers">Portland Timbers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Thorns_FC" title="Portland Thorns FC">Portland Thorns</a></figcaption></figure> Portland sports fans are characterized by their passionate support. The Trail Blazers sold out every home game between 1977 and 1995, a span of 814 consecutive games, the second-longest streak in American sports history.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> The Timbers joined MLS in 2011 and have sold out every home match since joining the league, a streak that has now reached 70+ matches.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> The Timbers season ticket waiting list has reached over 10,000, the longest waiting list in MLS.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> In 2015, they became the first team in the Northwest to win the <a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup" title="MLS Cup">MLS Cup</a>. Player Diego Valeri marked a new record for fastest goal in MLS Cup history at 27 seconds into the game.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portland_Trail_Blazers,_Dec._26,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Portland_Trail_Blazers%2C_Dec._26%2C_2013.jpg/250px-Portland_Trail_Blazers%2C_Dec._26%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Portland_Trail_Blazers%2C_Dec._26%2C_2013.jpg/330px-Portland_Trail_Blazers%2C_Dec._26%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Portland_Trail_Blazers%2C_Dec._26%2C_2013.jpg/500px-Portland_Trail_Blazers%2C_Dec._26%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Moda_Center" title="Moda Center">Moda Center</a>, home of the Portland Trail Blazers and <a href="/wiki/Portland_WNBA_team" title="Portland WNBA team">Portland WNBA team</a></figcaption></figure> The annual <a href="/wiki/Portland_Classic" title="Portland Classic">Cambia Portland Classic</a> women's golf tournament in September, now in its 50th year, is the longest-running non-major tournament on the <a href="/wiki/LPGA_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="LPGA Tour">LPGA Tour</a>, plays in the southern suburb of <a href="/wiki/West_Linn,_Oregon" title="West Linn, Oregon">West Linn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> Two rival universities exist within Portland city limits: the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Pilots" title="Portland Pilots">University of Portland Pilots</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Portland_State_Vikings" title="Portland State Vikings">Portland State University Vikings</a>, both of whom field teams in popular spectator sports including soccer, baseball, and basketball. Portland State also has a football team. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Ducks" title="Oregon Ducks">University of Oregon Ducks</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Beavers" title="Oregon State Beavers">Oregon State University Beavers</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Corvallis,_Oregon" title="Corvallis, Oregon">Corvallis</a>) both receive substantial attention and support from many Portland residents, despite their campuses being 110 and 84 miles from the city, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Shamrock_Run.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2015_Shamrock_Run.jpg/250px-2015_Shamrock_Run.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2015_Shamrock_Run.jpg/330px-2015_Shamrock_Run.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/2015_Shamrock_Run.jpg/500px-2015_Shamrock_Run.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The Shamrock Run, held annually on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">St. Patrick's Day</a></figcaption></figure> Running is a popular activity in Portland, and every year the city hosts the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Marathon" title="Portland Marathon">Portland Marathon</a> as well as parts of the <a href="/wiki/Hood_to_Coast" title="Hood to Coast">Hood to Coast Relay</a>, the world's largest long-distance relay race (by number of participants). Portland served as the center to an elite running group, the <a href="/wiki/Nike_Oregon_Project" title="Nike Oregon Project">Nike Oregon Project</a> until its 2019 disbandment following coach Alberto Salazar's ban due to doping violations.<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> Historic Erv Lind Stadium is located in <a href="/wiki/Normandale_Park" title="Normandale Park">Normandale Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> It has been home to professional and college softball. Portland also hosts numerous cycling events and has become an elite bicycle racing destination.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Bicycle_Racing_Association" title="Oregon Bicycle Racing Association">Oregon Bicycle Racing Association</a> supports hundreds of official bicycling events every year. Weekly events at <a href="/wiki/Alpenrose_Velodrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpenrose Velodrome">Alpenrose Velodrome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Raceway" title="Portland International Raceway">Portland International Raceway</a> allow for racing nearly every night of the week from March through September. <a href="/wiki/Cyclocross" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclocross">Cyclocross</a> races, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cross_Crusade" title="Cross Crusade">Cross Crusade</a>, can attract over 1,000 riders and spectators.<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>Current League</th> <th>Championships</th> <th>Venue</th> <th>Founded </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro_Hops" title="Hillsboro Hops">Hillsboro Hops</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northwest_League" title="Northwest League">Northwest League</a> </td> <td>3 (2014, 2015, 2019) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro_Ballpark" title="Hillsboro Ballpark">Hillsboro Ballpark</a> </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PDX_FC" title="PDX FC">PDX FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL 2</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>La Salle Catholic High School Stadium </td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_Bangers_FC" title="Portland Bangers FC">Portland Bangers FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL 2</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>TBA </td> <td>2025<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_Pickles" title="Portland Pickles">Portland Pickles</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_League" title="West Coast League">WCL</a> </td> <td>1 (2024) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walker_Stadium_(baseball)" title="Walker Stadium (baseball)">Walker Stadium (baseball)</a> </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_Thorns_FC" title="Portland Thorns FC">Portland Thorns FC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">NWSL</a> </td> <td>4 (<a href="/wiki/2013_National_Women%27s_Soccer_League_season" title="2013 National Women's Soccer League season">2013</a>, <a href="/wiki/2017_National_Women%27s_Soccer_League_season" title="2017 National Women's Soccer League season">2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_NWSL_Challenge_Cup" title="2021 NWSL Challenge Cup">2021 NWSL Challenge Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_National_Women%27s_Soccer_League_season" title="2022 National Women's Soccer League season">2022</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Providence_Park" title="Providence Park">Providence Park</a> </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_Timbers" title="Portland Timbers">Portland Timbers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a> </td> <td>1 (<a href="/wiki/2015_MLS_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 MLS Cup">2015</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Providence_Park" title="Providence Park">Providence Park</a> </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_Timbers_2" title="Portland Timbers 2">Portland Timbers 2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MLS_Next_Pro" title="MLS Next Pro">MLS Next Pro</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Providence_Park" title="Providence Park">Providence Park</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_Trail_Blazers" title="Portland Trail Blazers">Portland Trail Blazers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> </td> <td>1 (<a href="/wiki/1977_NBA_Finals" title="1977 NBA Finals">1977</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moda_Center" title="Moda Center">Moda Center</a> </td> <td>1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_Winterhawks" title="Portland Winterhawks">Portland Winterhawks</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Hockey_League" title="Western Hockey League">WHL</a> </td> <td>5 (<a href="/wiki/1981%E2%80%9382_WHL_season" title="1981–82 WHL season">1981–82</a>, <a href="/wiki/1983_Memorial_Cup" title="1983 Memorial Cup">1983 Memorial Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_WHL_season" title="1997–98 WHL season">1997–98</a>, <a href="/wiki/1998_Memorial_Cup" title="1998 Memorial Cup">1998 Memorial Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_WHL_season" title="2012–13 WHL season">2012–13</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Memorial_Coliseum_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Veterans Memorial Coliseum (Portland, Oregon)">Veterans Memorial Coliseum</a> </td> <td>1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rip_City_Remix" title="Rip City Remix">Rip City Remix</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chiles_Center" title="Chiles Center">Chiles Center</a> </td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portland_WNBA_team" title="Portland WNBA team">Portland WNBA team</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">WNBA</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moda_Center" title="Moda Center">Moda Center</a> </td> <td>2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oregon Soar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate (sport)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Ultimate_League" title="Western Ultimate League">WUL</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>TBA </td> <td>2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Steel" title="Oregon Steel">Oregon Steel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate (sport)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Frisbee_Association" title="Ultimate Frisbee Association">UFA</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Providence_Park" title="Providence Park">Providence Park</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rose_City_Rollers" title="Rose City Rollers">Rose City Rollers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">Roller derby</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Flat_Track_Derby_Association" title="Women's Flat Track Derby Association">WFTDA</a> </td> <td>3 (2015, 2016, 2018) </td> <td>The Hangar at <a href="/wiki/Oaks_Amusement_Park" title="Oaks Amusement Park">Oaks Amusement Park</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of parks in Portland, Oregon">List of parks in Portland, Oregon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forest_park_wildwood_trail_in_early_summer_P2860.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Forest_park_wildwood_trail_in_early_summer_P2860.jpeg/250px-Forest_park_wildwood_trail_in_early_summer_P2860.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Forest_park_wildwood_trail_in_early_summer_P2860.jpeg/330px-Forest_park_wildwood_trail_in_early_summer_P2860.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Forest_park_wildwood_trail_in_early_summer_P2860.jpeg/500px-Forest_park_wildwood_trail_in_early_summer_P2860.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2265" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Forest_Park_(Portland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Park (Portland)">Forest Park</a> is the largest wilderness park in the United States that is within city limits</figcaption></figure> Parks and greenspace planning date back to <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Olmsted" title="John Charles Olmsted">John Charles Olmsted</a>'s 1903 Report to the Portland Park Board. In 1995, voters in the Portland metropolitan region passed a regional bond measure to acquire valuable natural areas for fish, wildlife, and people.<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> Ten years later, more than 8,100 acres (33 km2) of ecologically valuable natural areas had been purchased and permanently protected from development.<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> Portland is one of only four cities in the U.S. with extinct volcanoes within its boundaries (along with <a href="/wiki/Pilot_Butte_(Oregon)" title="Pilot Butte (Oregon)">Pilot Butte</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bend,_Oregon" title="Bend, Oregon">Bend, Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Volcano" title="Jackson Volcano">Jackson Volcano</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Mississippi" title="Jackson, Mississippi">Jackson, Mississippi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Head,_Hawaii" title="Diamond Head, Hawaii">Diamond Head</a> in <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, Hawaii). <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon">Mount Tabor Park</a> is known for its scenic views and historic reservoirs.<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a> <a href="/wiki/Forest_Park_(Portland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Park (Portland)">Forest Park</a> is the largest wilderness park within city limits in the United States, covering more than 5,000 acres (2,023 ha).<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> Portland is also home to <a href="/wiki/Mill_Ends_Park" title="Mill Ends Park">Mill Ends Park</a>, the world's smallest park (a two-foot-diameter circle, the park's area is only about 0.3 m2). <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Washington Park (Portland, Oregon)">Washington Park</a> is just west of downtown and is home to the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Zoo" title="Oregon Zoo">Oregon Zoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_Arboretum" title="Hoyt Arboretum">Hoyt Arboretum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Japanese_Garden" title="Portland Japanese Garden">Portland Japanese Garden</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Rose_Test_Garden" title="International Rose Test Garden">International Rose Test Garden</a>. Portland is also home to <a href="/wiki/Lan_Su_Chinese_Garden" title="Lan Su Chinese Garden">Lan Su Chinese Garden</a> (formerly the Portland Classical Chinese Garden), an authentic representation of a <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>-style walled garden. Portland's east side has several formal public gardens: the historic <a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Park" title="Peninsula Park">Peninsula Park</a> Rose Garden, the rose gardens of <a href="/wiki/Ladd%27s_Addition" title="Ladd's Addition">Ladd's Addition</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Springs_Rhododendron_Garden" title="Crystal Springs Rhododendron Garden">Crystal Springs Rhododendron Garden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Leach_Botanical_Garden" title="Leach Botanical Garden">Leach Botanical Garden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Grotto_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="The Grotto (Portland, Oregon)">The Grotto</a>. Portland's downtown features two groups of contiguous city blocks dedicated for park space: the <a href="/wiki/North_Park_Blocks" title="North Park Blocks">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Park_Blocks" title="South Park Blocks">South Park Blocks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> The 37-acre (15 ha) <a href="/wiki/Tom_McCall_Waterfront_Park" title="Tom McCall Waterfront Park">Tom McCall Waterfront Park</a> was built in 1974 along the length of the downtown waterfront after <a href="/wiki/Harbor_Drive" title="Harbor Drive">Harbor Drive</a> was removed; it now hosts large events throughout the year.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> The nearby historically significant <a href="/wiki/Burnside_Skatepark" title="Burnside Skatepark">Burnside Skatepark</a> and five indoor <a href="/wiki/Skatepark" title="Skatepark">skateparks</a> give Portland a reputation as possibly "the most skateboard-friendly town in America."<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tryon_Creek_State_Natural_Area" title="Tryon Creek State Natural Area">Tryon Creek State Natural Area</a> is one of three <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon State Parks">Oregon State Parks</a> in Portland and the most popular; its creek has a run of <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">steelhead</a>. The other two State Parks are <a href="/wiki/Willamette_Stone_State_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Willamette Stone State Heritage Site">Willamette Stone State Heritage Site</a>, in the West Hills, and the <a href="/wiki/Government_Island_State_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Island State Recreation Area">Government Island State Recreation Area</a> in the Columbia River near <a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Airport" title="Portland International Airport">Portland International Airport</a>. In February 2015, the City Council approved a total ban on smoking in all city parks and natural areas effective July 1, 2015. The ban includes cigarettes, vaping, as well as marijuana.<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PortlandCityHall2025_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/PortlandCityHall2025_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-PortlandCityHall2025_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/PortlandCityHall2025_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-PortlandCityHall2025_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/PortlandCityHall2025_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-PortlandCityHall2025_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2164" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portland_City_Hall_(Oregon)" title="Portland City Hall (Oregon)">Portland City Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_hall">City hall</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: City hall">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Government of Portland, Oregon">Government of Portland, Oregon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mayor of Portland, Oregon">Mayor of Portland, Oregon</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Portland_City_Council_(Oregon)" title="Portland City Council (Oregon)">Portland City Council (Oregon)</a></div> Since January 1, 2025, the city of Portland is governed by a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">mayor–council government</a> system. Elected officials include the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Portland,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Portland, Oregon">mayor</a>, a 12-member city council, and a city auditor. The city council is responsible for legislative policy, while the mayor appoints a professional <a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">city manager</a> who oversees the various bureaus and day-to-day operations of the city. The mayor is elected <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a>, while the council is elected in four geographic districts using <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a>, with 3 winning candidates per district. Portland's current form of government was approved by voters in a 2022 ballot measure, with the <a href="/wiki/2024_Portland,_Oregon_municipal_elections" title="2024 Portland, Oregon municipal elections">first elections</a> under the new system <a href="/wiki/2024_Portland,_Oregon_City_Council_election" title="2024 Portland, Oregon City Council election">held in 2024</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Portland_Office_of_Community_and_Civic_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland Office of Community and Civic Life">Portland Office of Community and Civic Life</a> (formerly Office of Neighborhood Involvement)<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> serves as a conduit between city government and Portland's <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon">95 officially recognized neighborhoods</a>. Each neighborhood is represented by a volunteer-based <a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_association" title="Neighborhood association">neighborhood association</a> which serves as a liaison between residents of the neighborhood and the city government. The city provides funding to neighborhood associations through seven district coalitions, each of which is a geographical grouping of several neighborhood associations. Most (but not all) neighborhood associations belong to one of these district coalitions. Portland and its surrounding metropolitan area are served by <a href="/wiki/Metro_(Oregon_regional_government)" title="Metro (Oregon regional government)">Metro</a>, the United States' only directly elected <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_planning_organization" title="Metropolitan planning organization">metropolitan planning organization</a>. Metro's charter gives it responsibility for <a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">land use</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transportation_planning" title="Transportation planning">transportation planning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solid_waste_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid waste management">solid waste management</a>, and map development. The <a href="/wiki/Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Multnomah County, Oregon">Multnomah County</a> government provides many services to the Portland area, as do <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Washington County, Oregon">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Clackamas County, Oregon">Clackamas</a> counties to the west and south. Fire and emergency services are provided by <a href="/wiki/Portland_Fire_%26_Rescue" title="Portland Fire & Rescue">Portland Fire & Rescue</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts_and_law_enforcement">Courts and law enforcement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Courts and law enforcement">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Multnomah_County_Circuit_Court" title="Multnomah County Circuit Court">Multnomah County Circuit Court</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portland_Police_Bureau" title="Portland Police Bureau">Portland Police Bureau</a></div> Law enforcement is primarily provided by the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Police_Bureau" title="Portland Police Bureau">Portland Police Bureau</a> (PPB). The <a href="/wiki/Multnomah_County_Sheriff%27s_Office" title="Multnomah County Sheriff's Office">Multnomah County Sheriff's Office</a> (MCSO) provides law enforcement on the city's <a href="/wiki/TriMet" title="TriMet">transit system</a> through their Transit Police division which is supplemented from officers from all local law enforcement agencies that fall within <a href="/wiki/TriMet" title="TriMet">the transit authority's</a> boundaries.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pioneer_Courthouse_Portland.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pioneer_Courthouse_Portland.JPG/220px-Pioneer_Courthouse_Portland.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pioneer_Courthouse_Portland.JPG/330px-Pioneer_Courthouse_Portland.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pioneer_Courthouse_Portland.JPG/440px-Pioneer_Courthouse_Portland.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3099" data-file-height="2166" /></a><figcaption>Built in 1869, the <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Courthouse" title="Pioneer Courthouse">Pioneer Courthouse</a> is the oldest federal building in the Pacific Northwest.<a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_and_national_politics">State and national politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: State and national politics">edit</a>]</div> Portland strongly favors the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>; registered Democrats (51.2%) outnumber <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> (10.5%) nearly 5 to 1. All city offices are <a href="/wiki/Non-partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-partisan">non-partisan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a> However, almost all of the city's elected officials are known to be Democrats. <a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Peterson" title="Fred L. Peterson">Fred L. Peterson</a> in 1952 is the city's last elected Republican mayor, and no Republican has served as mayor even on an interim basis since <a href="/wiki/Connie_McCready" title="Connie McCready">Connie McCready</a> held the post from 1979 to 1980. Portland is split among three of Oregon's U.S. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional districts">congressional districts</a>. Most of the city is in the <a href="/wiki/Oregon%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Oregon's 3rd congressional district">3rd District</a>, represented by <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Dexter" title="Maxine Dexter">Maxine Dexter</a> (D-Portland). Most of the city west of the Willamette River is part of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Oregon's 1st congressional district">1st District</a>, represented by <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Bonamici" title="Suzanne Bonamici">Suzanne Bonamici</a> (D-Beaverton). A small portion of southeastern Portland is in the <a href="/wiki/Oregon%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Oregon's 5th congressional district">5th District</a>, currently represented by Democrat <a href="/wiki/Janelle_Bynum" title="Janelle Bynum">Janelle Bynum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer" title="Lori Chavez-DeRemer">Lori Chavez-DeRemer</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> to represent a significant portion of the city in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> since 1975, from 2023 to 2025. Both of Oregon's senators, <a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Ron Wyden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a>, are progressive Democrats from Portland. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Oregon, 2008">2008 presidential election</a>, Democratic candidate <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> easily carried Portland, winning 245,464 votes from city residents to 50,614 for his <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> rival, <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_in_Oregon,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election in Oregon, 2012">2012 presidential election</a>, Democratic candidate <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> again easily carried Portland, winning 256,925 votes from Multnomah county residents to 70,958 for his <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> rival, <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Adams_(Oregon_politician)" title="Sam Adams (Oregon politician)">Sam Adams</a>, the former mayor of Portland, became the city's first openly gay mayor in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a> In 2004, 59.7 percent of Multnomah County voters cast ballots against <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Ballot_Measure_36_(2004)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Ballot Measure 36 (2004)">Oregon Ballot Measure 36</a>, which amended the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Constitution">Oregon Constitution</a> to prohibit recognition of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriages</a>. The measure passed with 56.6% of the statewide vote. Multnomah County is one of two counties where a majority voted against the initiative; the other is <a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Oregon" title="Benton County, Oregon">Benton County</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/Corvallis,_Oregon" title="Corvallis, Oregon">Corvallis</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_University" title="Oregon State University">Oregon State University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> On April 28, 2005, Portland became the only city in the nation to withdraw from a <a href="/wiki/Joint_Terrorism_Task_Force" title="Joint Terrorism Task Force">Joint Terrorism Task Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ACLU20050428-277">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashExam20101128BY-278">[274]</a> As of February 19, 2015, the Portland city council approved permanently staffing the JTTF with two of its city's police officers.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Voter registration and party enrollment as of January 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit">[update]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Number of voters </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">253,789 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">55.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">36,763 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DDDDBB; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Unaffiliated </td> <td style="text-align:center;">138,751 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">30.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FED105; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Libertarian </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,752 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#17aa5c; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Pacific Green </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,298 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.50% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#A356DE; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Constitution </td> <td style="text-align:center;">298 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Other </td> <td style="text-align:center;">22,245 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4.87% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th style="text-align:center;">456,896 </th> <th style="text-align:center;">100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_planning_and_development">City planning and development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: City planning and development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Urban_Growth_Portland_Oregon.ogv/220px--Urban_Growth_Portland_Oregon.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="150" data-durationhint="105" data-mwtitle="Urban_Growth_Portland_Oregon.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Urban_Growth_Portland_Oregon.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/Urban_Growth_Portland_Oregon.ogv/Urban_Growth_Portland_Oregon.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="352" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/Urban_Growth_Portland_Oregon.ogv/Urban_Growth_Portland_Oregon.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="352" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Urban_Growth_Portland_Oregon.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="352" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption>Video of Portland's urban growth boundary. The red dots indicate areas of growth between 1986 and 1996.</figcaption></figure> The city consulted with urban planners as far back as 1904, resulting in the development of <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Washington Park (Portland, Oregon)">Washington Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/40-Mile_Loop" title="40-Mile Loop">40-Mile Loop</a> greenway, which connects many of the city's parks.<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> Portland is often cited as an example of a city with strong <a href="/wiki/Land_use_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Land use planning">land use planning</a> controls.<a href="#cite_note-smartplan-282">[278]</a> This is largely the result of statewide land conservation policies adopted in 1973 under Governor <a href="/wiki/Tom_McCall" title="Tom McCall">Tom McCall</a>, in particular the requirement for an <a href="/wiki/Urban_growth_boundary" title="Urban growth boundary">urban growth boundary</a> (UGB) for every city and metropolitan area. The opposite extreme, a city with few or no controls, is typically illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PDX1966PGEplant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/PDX1966PGEplant.jpg/220px-PDX1966PGEplant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/PDX1966PGEplant.jpg/330px-PDX1966PGEplant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/PDX1966PGEplant.jpg/440px-PDX1966PGEplant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>1966 photo shows sawdust-fired power plant on the edge of downtown that was removed to make way for dense residential development. High rises to left in background were early projects of the Portland Development Commission</figcaption></figure> Oregon's 1973 "<a href="/wiki/Urban_growth_boundary" title="Urban growth boundary">urban growth boundary</a>" law limits the boundaries for large-scale development in each metropolitan area in Oregon.<a href="#cite_note-metro_ugb-287">[283]</a> This limits access to utilities such as sewage, water and telecommunications, as well as coverage by fire, police and schools.<a href="#cite_note-metro_ugb-287">[283]</a> Portland's urban growth boundary, adopted in 1979, separates urban areas (where high-density development is encouraged and focused) from traditional farm land (where restrictions on non-agricultural development are very strict).<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> This was atypical in an era when automobile use led many areas to neglect their core cities in favor of development along <a href="/wiki/Interstate_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate highway">interstate highways</a>, in suburbs, and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_city" title="Satellite city">satellite cities</a>. The original state rules included a provision for expanding urban growth boundaries, but critics felt this was not being accomplished. In 1995, the State passed a law requiring cities to expand UGBs to provide enough undeveloped land for a 20-year supply of future housing at projected growth levels.<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> In 2007, the legislature changed the law to require the maintenance of an estimated 50 years of growth within the boundary, as well as the protection of accompanying farm and rural lands.<a href="#cite_note-pt_growth-151">[147]</a> The growth boundary, along with efforts of the Portland Development Commission to create economic development zones, has led to the development of a large portion of downtown, a large number of mid- and high-rise developments, and an overall increase in housing and business density.<a href="#cite_note-ssp_portland-290">[286]</a> <a href="/wiki/Prosper_Portland" title="Prosper Portland">Prosper Portland</a> (formerly the Portland Development Commission) is a semi-public agency that plays a major role in downtown development; city voters created it in 1958 to serve as the city's <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> agency. It provides housing and economic development programs within the city and works behind the scenes with major local developers to create large projects. In the early 1960s, the Portland Development Commission led the razing of a large Italian-Jewish neighborhood downtown, bounded roughly by I-405, the Willamette River, 4th Avenue and Market street.<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Neil_Goldschmidt" title="Neil Goldschmidt">Neil Goldschmidt</a> took office in 1972 as a proponent of bringing housing and the associated vitality back to the downtown area, which was seen as emptying out after 5 pm. The effort has had dramatic effects in the 30 years since, with many thousands of new housing units clustered in three areas: north of Portland State University (between I-405, SW Broadway, and SW Taylor St.); the RiverPlace development along the waterfront under the Marquam (I-5) bridge; and most notably in the Pearl District (between I-405, Burnside St., NW Northrup St., and NW 9th Ave.). Historically, <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmental consciousness</a> has weighed significantly in the city's planning and development efforts.<a href="#cite_note-topgreen-292">[288]</a> Portland was one of the first cities in the United States to promote and integrate alternative forms of transportation, such as the <a href="/wiki/MAX_Light_Rail" title="MAX Light Rail">MAX Light Rail</a> and extensive bike paths.<a href="#cite_note-topgreen-292">[288]</a> The Urban Greenspaces Institute, housed in <a href="/wiki/Portland_State_University" title="Portland State University">Portland State University</a> Geography Department's Center for Mapping Research, promotes better integration of the built and natural environments. The institute works on urban park, trail, and natural areas planning issues, both at the local and regional levels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlatt200643-293">[289]</a> In October 2009, the Portland City Council unanimously adopted a <a href="/wiki/Individual_and_political_action_on_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual and political action on climate change">climate action</a> plan that will cut the city's greenhouse gas emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> As of 2012, Portland was the largest city in the United States that did not add <a href="/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride">fluoride</a> to its public water supply,<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation" title="Water fluoridation">fluoridation</a> has historically been a subject of <a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Water fluoridation controversy">controversy</a> in the city.<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> Portland voters have four times voted against fluoridation, in 1956, 1962, 1980 (repealing a 1978 vote in favor), and 2013.<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> In 2012 the city council, responding to advocacy from public health organizations and others, voted unanimously to begin fluoridation by 2014. Fluoridation opponents forced a public vote on the issue,<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> and on May 21, 2013, city voters again rejected fluoridation.<a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Education in Portland, Oregon">Education in Portland, Oregon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_education">Primary and secondary education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Mary%27s_Academy_in_Portland_(2014).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/St._Mary%27s_Academy_in_Portland_%282014%29.jpg/220px-St._Mary%27s_Academy_in_Portland_%282014%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/St._Mary%27s_Academy_in_Portland_%282014%29.jpg/330px-St._Mary%27s_Academy_in_Portland_%282014%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/St._Mary%27s_Academy_in_Portland_%282014%29.jpg/440px-St._Mary%27s_Academy_in_Portland_%282014%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3754" data-file-height="2513" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Academy_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="St. Mary's Academy (Portland, Oregon)">St. Mary's Academy</a>, a private <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> girls' school established in 1859</figcaption></figure> Nine public school districts and many private schools include sections of Portland. <a href="/wiki/Portland_Public_Schools_(Oregon)" title="Portland Public Schools (Oregon)">Portland Public Schools</a> is the largest school district, operating 86 public schools.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> In addition to PPS, other school districts in Multnomah County that serve parts of the city include the <a href="/wiki/Beaverton_School_District" title="Beaverton School District">Beaverton School District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centennial_School_District_(Oregon)" title="Centennial School District (Oregon)">Centennial School District</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Douglas_School_District" title="David Douglas School District">David Douglas School District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parkrose_School_District" title="Parkrose School District">Parkrose School District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reynolds_School_District_(Oregon)" title="Reynolds School District (Oregon)">Reynolds School District</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverdale_School_District_(Oregon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riverdale School District (Oregon) (page does not exist)">Riverdale School District</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scappoose_School_District" title="Scappoose School District">Scappoose School District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> Portions in Clackamas County are in the <a href="/wiki/North_Clackamas_School_District" title="North Clackamas School District">North Clackamas School District</a> and Centennial School District.<a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a> Portions in Washington County are in Portland Public Schools.<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Douglas_High_School" title="David Douglas High School">David Douglas High School</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Powellhurst-Gilbert,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Powellhurst-Gilbert, Portland, Oregon">Powellhurst</a> neighborhood, has the largest enrollment of any public high school in the city.<a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> Other high schools include <a href="/wiki/Benson_Polytechnic_High_School" title="Benson Polytechnic High School">Benson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Cleveland High School (Portland, Oregon)">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Franklin High School (Portland, Oregon)">Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grant_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Grant High School (Portland, Oregon)">Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Jefferson High School (Portland, Oregon)">Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madison_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison High School (Portland, Oregon)">Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parkrose_High_School" title="Parkrose High School">Parkrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roosevelt High School (Portland, Oregon)">Roosevelt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells-Barnett_High_School" title="Ida B. Wells-Barnett High School">Ida B Wells-Barnett</a> (formerly Woodrow Wilson), and several suburban high schools which serve the city's outer areas. Established in 1869, <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Lincoln High School (Portland, Oregon)">Lincoln High School</a> (formerly Portland High School) is the city's oldest public education institution, and is one of two of the oldest high schools west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> (after San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Lowell_High_School_(San_Francisco)" title="Lowell High School (San Francisco)">Lowell High School</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Oregonian_2005-09-22-305">[301]</a> Former public schools in the city included <a href="/wiki/Washington_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington High School (Portland, Oregon)">Washington High School</a>, which operated from 1906 until 1981, as well as <a href="/wiki/Adams_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adams High School (Portland, Oregon)">Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackson_High_School_(Portland,_Oregon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson High School (Portland, Oregon)">Jackson</a>, which also closed the same year. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Higher education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Winter_storm,_January_2017,_southeast_Portland,_Oregon_-_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brick building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Winter_storm%2C_January_2017%2C_southeast_Portland%2C_Oregon_-_26.jpg/250px-Winter_storm%2C_January_2017%2C_southeast_Portland%2C_Oregon_-_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Winter_storm%2C_January_2017%2C_southeast_Portland%2C_Oregon_-_26.jpg/330px-Winter_storm%2C_January_2017%2C_southeast_Portland%2C_Oregon_-_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Winter_storm%2C_January_2017%2C_southeast_Portland%2C_Oregon_-_26.jpg/500px-Winter_storm%2C_January_2017%2C_southeast_Portland%2C_Oregon_-_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Reed_College_buildings" title="List of Reed College buildings">Eliot Hall</a>, Reed College</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:PSU-URBN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Glass-faced skyscrapers abutting brick-lined urban area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PSU-URBN.jpg/250px-PSU-URBN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PSU-URBN.jpg/330px-PSU-URBN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/PSU-URBN.jpg/500px-PSU-URBN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Urban Center, <a href="/wiki/Portland_State_University" title="Portland State University">Portland State University</a></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Portland_State_University" title="Portland State University">Portland State University</a> has the second-largest enrollment rate of any university in the state (after <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_University" title="Oregon State University">Oregon State University</a>), with a student body of nearly 30,000.<a href="#cite_note-pdx.edu-306">[302]</a> It has been named among the top fifteen percentile of American regional universities by <a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review" title="The Princeton Review">The Princeton Review</a> for undergraduate education,<a href="#cite_note-bestreg-307">[303]</a> and has been internationally recognized for its degrees in <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a> The city is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Health_%26_Science_University" title="Oregon Health & Science University">Oregon Health & Science University</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Portland_Community_College" title="Portland Community College">Portland Community College</a>. Notable private universities include the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Portland" title="University of Portland">University of Portland</a>, a Roman Catholic university affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Holy_Cross" title="Congregation of Holy Cross">Congregation of Holy Cross</a>; <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">liberal arts college</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lewis_%26_Clark_College" title="Lewis & Clark College">Lewis & Clark College</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Media in Portland, Oregon">Media in Portland, Oregon</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Oregon" title="List of radio stations in Oregon">List of radio stations in Oregon</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Oregon" title="List of television stations in Oregon">List of television stations in Oregon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KGW_headquarters_and_main_studios_(2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/KGW_headquarters_and_main_studios_%282015%29.jpg/250px-KGW_headquarters_and_main_studios_%282015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/KGW_headquarters_and_main_studios_%282015%29.jpg/330px-KGW_headquarters_and_main_studios_%282015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/KGW_headquarters_and_main_studios_%282015%29.jpg/500px-KGW_headquarters_and_main_studios_%282015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3788" data-file-height="2536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/KGW" title="KGW">KGW</a> is the <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> affiliate.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a> is the only daily general-interest newspaper serving Portland. It also circulates throughout the state and in <a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Washington" title="Clark County, Washington">Clark County, Washington</a>. Smaller local newspapers, distributed free of charge in newspaper boxes and at venues around the city, include the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Tribune" title="Portland Tribune">Portland Tribune</a> (general-interest paper published on Wednesdays), <a href="/wiki/Willamette_Week" title="Willamette Week">Willamette Week</a> (general-interest <a href="/wiki/Alternative_weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative weekly">alternative weekly</a> published on Wednesdays), and <a href="/wiki/The_Portland_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="The Portland Mercury">The Portland Mercury</a> (another alt-weekly, targeted at younger urban readers and published every other Thursday). The Portland area also has newspapers that are published for specific communities, including <a href="/wiki/The_Asian_Reporter_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Asian Reporter (newspaper)">The Asian Reporter</a> (a weekly covering Asian news, both international and local) and <a href="/wiki/The_Skanner" title="The Skanner">The Skanner</a> (a weekly <a href="/wiki/African-American_newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American newspapers">African-American newspaper</a> covering both local and national news). The <a href="/wiki/American_City_Business_Journals" title="American City Business Journals">Portland Business Journal</a> covers business-related news on a weekly basis, as does The <a href="/wiki/Daily_Journal_of_Commerce" title="Daily Journal of Commerce">Daily Journal of Commerce</a>, its main competitor. <a href="/wiki/Portland_Monthly" title="Portland Monthly">Portland Monthly</a> is a monthly news and culture magazine. <a href="/wiki/The_Bee_(Portland)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bee (Portland)">The Bee</a>, over 110 years old, is another neighborhood newspaper serving the inner southeast neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of hospitals in Portland, Oregon">List of hospitals in Portland, Oregon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legacy_Good_Samaritan_Hospital_-_Portland,_Oregon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Legacy_Good_Samaritan_Hospital_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG/250px-Legacy_Good_Samaritan_Hospital_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Legacy_Good_Samaritan_Hospital_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG/330px-Legacy_Good_Samaritan_Hospital_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Legacy_Good_Samaritan_Hospital_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG/500px-Legacy_Good_Samaritan_Hospital_-_Portland%2C_Oregon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3749" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Good_Samaritan_Medical_Center" title="Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center">Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Legacy_Health" title="Legacy Health">Legacy Health</a>, a non-profit healthcare system in Portland, operates multiple facilities in the city and surrounding suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Campaign201382-310">[306]</a> These include <a href="/wiki/Legacy_Emanuel_Medical_Center" title="Legacy Emanuel Medical Center">Legacy Emanuel</a>, founded in 1912, in Northeast Portland; and <a href="/wiki/Legacy_Good_Samaritan_Medical_Center" title="Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center">Legacy Good Samaritan</a>, founded in 1875, and in Northwest Portland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Campaign201382-310">[306]</a> <a href="/wiki/Randall_Children%27s_Hospital_at_Legacy_Emanuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel">Randall's Children's Hospital</a> operates at the Legacy Emanuel Campus. Good Samaritan has centers for breast health, cancer, and stroke, and is home to the <a href="/wiki/Legacy_Devers_Eye_Institute" title="Legacy Devers Eye Institute">Legacy Devers Eye Institute</a>, the Legacy Obesity and Diabetes Institute, the Legacy Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, the Legacy Rehabilitation Clinic of Oregon, and the <a href="/wiki/Linfield_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Linfield College">Linfield</a>-Good Samaritan School of Nursing.<a href="#cite_note-Legacy-311">[307]</a> The Catholic-affiliated <a href="/wiki/Providence_Health_%26_Services" title="Providence Health & Services">Providence Health & Services</a> operates <a href="/wiki/Providence_Portland_Medical_Center" title="Providence Portland Medical Center">Providence Portland Medical Center</a> in the <a href="/wiki/North_Tabor,_Portland,_Oregon" title="North Tabor, Portland, Oregon">North Tabor neighborhood</a> of the city. <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Health_%26_Science_University" title="Oregon Health & Science University">Oregon Health & Science University</a> is a university hospital formed in 1974. The <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Affairs_Medical_Center_(Oregon)" title="Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Oregon)">Veterans Affairs Medical Center</a> operates next to the Oregon Health & Science University main campus. <a href="/wiki/Adventist_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Medical Center">Adventist Medical Center</a> also serves the city. <a href="/wiki/Shriners_Hospital_for_Children_(Portland)" title="Shriners Hospital for Children (Portland)">Shriners Hospital for Children</a> is a small children's hospital established in 1923. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Transportation in Portland, Oregon">Transportation in Portland, Oregon</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:MAX_Type_4_cars_crossing_185th.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/MAX_Type_4_cars_crossing_185th.JPG/200px-MAX_Type_4_cars_crossing_185th.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/MAX_Type_4_cars_crossing_185th.JPG/300px-MAX_Type_4_cars_crossing_185th.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/MAX_Type_4_cars_crossing_185th.JPG/400px-MAX_Type_4_cars_crossing_185th.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3819" data-file-height="2513" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/MAX_Light_Rail" title="MAX Light Rail">MAX Light Rail</a> is the centerpiece of the city's public transportation system.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:PortlandStreetcar5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/PortlandStreetcar5.jpg/200px-PortlandStreetcar5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/PortlandStreetcar5.jpg/300px-PortlandStreetcar5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/PortlandStreetcar5.jpg/400px-PortlandStreetcar5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2642" data-file-height="1743" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Portland_Streetcar" title="Portland Streetcar">Portland Streetcar</a> is a three-line system serving <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Portland" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Portland">downtown</a> and nearby areas.</div></div></div></div></div> The Portland metropolitan area has transportation services common to major U.S. cities, though Oregon's emphasis on proactive <a href="/wiki/Land_use_forecasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Land use forecasting">land-use planning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">transit-oriented development</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Urban_growth_boundary" title="Urban growth boundary">urban growth boundary</a> means commuters have multiple well-developed options. In 2008, 12.6% of all commutes in Portland were on public transit.<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> <a href="/wiki/TriMet" title="TriMet">TriMet</a> operates most of the region's buses and the <a href="/wiki/MAX_Light_Rail" title="MAX Light Rail">MAX</a> (short for Metropolitan Area Express) <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> system, which connects the city and suburbs. Opened in 1986, the MAX system has expanded to five lines, with the latest being the <a href="/wiki/MAX_Orange_Line" title="MAX Orange Line">Orange Line</a> to <a href="/wiki/Milwaukie,_Oregon" title="Milwaukie, Oregon">Milwaukie</a>, which began operating in September 2015.<a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a> <a href="/wiki/WES_Commuter_Rail" title="WES Commuter Rail">WES Commuter Rail</a> opened in February 2009 in Portland's western suburbs, linking <a href="/wiki/Beaverton,_Oregon" title="Beaverton, Oregon">Beaverton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilsonville,_Oregon" title="Wilsonville, Oregon">Wilsonville</a>. The city-owned <a href="/wiki/Portland_Streetcar" title="Portland Streetcar">Portland Streetcar</a> serves two routes in the Central City – <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Portland" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Portland">downtown</a> and adjacent districts. The first line, which opened in 2001 and was extended in 2005–07, operates from the South Waterfront District through Portland State University and north through the West End of downtown, to shopping areas and dense residential districts north and northwest of downtown. The second line that opened in 2012 added 3.3 miles (5.3 km) of tracks on the east side of the Willamette River and across the <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Broadway Bridge (Portland, Oregon)">Broadway Bridge</a> to a connection with the original line.<a href="#cite_note-oreg-2012sep22-314">[310]</a> The east-side line completed a loop to the tracks on the west side of the river upon completion of the new <a href="/wiki/Tilikum_Crossing" title="Tilikum Crossing">Tilikum Crossing</a> in 2015,<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> and, in anticipation of that, had been named the Central Loop line in 2012. However, it was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Loop_Service_(Portland_Streetcar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loop Service (Portland Streetcar)">Loop Service</a>, with an A Loop (clockwise) and B Loop (counterclockwise), when it became a complete loop with the opening of the Tilikum Crossing bridge. Fifth and Sixth avenues within downtown comprise the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Transit_Mall" title="Portland Transit Mall">Portland Transit Mall</a>, two streets devoted primarily to bus and light rail traffic with limited automobile access. Opened in 1977 for buses, the transit mall was renovated and rebuilt in 2007–09, with light rail added. Starting in 1975 and lasting nearly four decades, all transit service within downtown Portland was free, the area being known by TriMet as <a href="/wiki/Fareless_Square" title="Fareless Square">Fareless Square</a>, but a need for minor budget cuts and funding needed for expansion prompted the agency to limit free rides to rail service only in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-oreg-2009aug12-316">[312]</a> and subsequently to discontinue the fare-free zone entirely in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-oreg-2012aug31-317">[313]</a> TriMet provides real-time tracking of buses and trains with its TransitTracker, and makes the data available to software developers so they can create customized tools of their own.<a href="#cite_note-transit_apps-318">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-google_adds_trimet-319">[315]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UnionStationPortland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/UnionStationPortland.jpg/220px-UnionStationPortland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/UnionStationPortland.jpg/330px-UnionStationPortland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/UnionStationPortland.jpg/440px-UnionStationPortland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2954" data-file-height="1449" /></a><figcaption>Union Station</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5_in_Oregon" title="Interstate 5 in Oregon">I-5</a> connects Portland with the Willamette Valley, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Oregon" title="Southern Oregon">Southern Oregon</a>, and California to the south and with <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> to the north. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_405_(Oregon)" title="Interstate 405 (Oregon)">I-405</a> forms a loop with I-5 around the central downtown area of the city and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_205_(Oregon-Washington)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 205 (Oregon-Washington)">I-205</a> is a loop freeway route on the east side which connects to the <a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Airport" title="Portland International Airport">Portland International Airport</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_26_in_Oregon" title="U.S. Route 26 in Oregon">U.S. 26</a> supports commuting within the metro area and continues to the Pacific Ocean westward and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood" title="Mount Hood">Mount Hood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Oregon" title="Central Oregon">Central Oregon</a> eastward. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_30_in_Oregon" title="U.S. Route 30 in Oregon">U.S. 30</a> has a main, bypass, and business route through the city extending to <a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Oregon" title="Astoria, Oregon">Astoria</a> to the west; through <a href="/wiki/Gresham,_Oregon" title="Gresham, Oregon">Gresham, Oregon</a>, and the eastern <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">exurbs</a>, and connects to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_in_Oregon" title="Interstate 84 in Oregon">I-84</a>, traveling towards <a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PDX_from_Rocky_Butte.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PDX_from_Rocky_Butte.JPG/250px-PDX_from_Rocky_Butte.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PDX_from_Rocky_Butte.JPG/330px-PDX_from_Rocky_Butte.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PDX_from_Rocky_Butte.JPG/500px-PDX_from_Rocky_Butte.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Airport" title="Portland International Airport">Portland International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> Portland's main airport is <a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Airport" title="Portland International Airport">Portland International Airport</a> (PDX), about 20 minutes by car (40 minutes by MAX) northeast of downtown. Portland is also home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Oregon" title="List of airports in Oregon">Oregon's</a> only public use heliport, the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Downtown_Heliport" title="Portland Downtown Heliport">Portland Downtown Heliport</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Portland at <a href="/wiki/Portland_Union_Station" title="Portland Union Station">Union Station</a> on three routes. Long-haul train routes include the <a href="/wiki/Coast_Starlight" title="Coast Starlight">Coast Starlight</a> (with service from Los Angeles to Seattle) and the <a href="/wiki/Empire_Builder" title="Empire Builder">Empire Builder</a> (with service to Chicago). The <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Cascades" title="Amtrak Cascades">Amtrak Cascades</a> state-supported trains operate between <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver, B.C.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene, Oregon</a>, and serve Portland several times daily. The city is also served by <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a> intercity bus service, which also operates <a href="/wiki/BoltBus" title="BoltBus">BoltBus</a>, an express bus service. The city's first airport was the <a href="/wiki/Swan_Island_Municipal_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Swan Island Municipal Airport">Swan Island Municipal Airport</a>, which was closed in the 1940s. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PortlandTramCar3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/PortlandTramCar3.jpg/250px-PortlandTramCar3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/PortlandTramCar3.jpg/330px-PortlandTramCar3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/PortlandTramCar3.jpg/500px-PortlandTramCar3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1486" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Portland_Aerial_Tram" title="Portland Aerial Tram">Portland Aerial Tram</a> connects the <a href="/wiki/South_Waterfront" class="mw-redirect" title="South Waterfront">South Waterfront</a> district with <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Health_and_Science_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Health and Science University">OHSU</a></figcaption></figure> Portland is the only city in the United States that owns operating mainline <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotives</a>, donated to the city in 1958 by the railroads that ran them.<a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Portland_%26_Seattle_700" class="mw-redirect" title="Spokane, Portland & Seattle 700">Spokane, Portland & Seattle 700</a> and the world-famous <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_4449" title="Southern Pacific 4449">Southern Pacific 4449</a> can be seen several times a year pulling a special <a href="/wiki/Excursion_train" title="Excursion train">excursion train</a>, either locally or on an extended trip. The "Holiday Express", pulled over the tracks of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Pacific_Railroad_(1997)" title="Oregon Pacific Railroad (1997)">Oregon Pacific Railroad</a> on weekends in December, has become a Portland tradition over its several years running.<a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a> These trains and others are operated by volunteers of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Rail_Heritage_Foundation" title="Oregon Rail Heritage Foundation">Oregon Rail Heritage Foundation</a>, an amalgamation of rail preservation groups which collaborated on the finance and construction of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Rail_Heritage_Center" title="Oregon Rail Heritage Center">Oregon Rail Heritage Center</a>, a permanent and publicly accessible home for the locomotives, which opened in 2012 adjacent to OMSI.<a href="#cite_note-oreg-2012sep-322">[318]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Cycling in Portland, Oregon">In Portland, cycling</a> is a significant mode of transportation. As the city has been particularly supportive of <a href="/wiki/Urban_bicycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban bicycling">urban bicycling</a> it now ranks highly among the most <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">bicycle-friendly</a> cities in the world.<a href="#cite_note-323">[319]</a> Bicycles accounted for 2.8% of commuting in 2021. Bicycle commuting declined by 46% between 2016 and 2022 according to <a href="/wiki/Portland_Bureau_of_Transportation" title="Portland Bureau of Transportation">Portland Bureau of Transportation</a> report.<a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> For its achievements in promoting cycling as an everyday means of transportation, Portland has been recognized by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_American_Bicyclists" title="League of American Bicyclists">League of American Bicyclists</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Cycling_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling organization">cycling organizations</a> for its network of on-street bicycling facilities and other bicycle-friendly services, being one of only three U.S. cities to have earned a Platinum-level rating.<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> A new <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">bicycle-sharing system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biketown" title="Biketown">Biketown</a>, launched on July 19, 2016,<a href="#cite_note-biketown_launches-326">[322]</a> with 100 stations in the city's central and eastside neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a> Portland abolished the requirement for parking minimum as well as <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a> As of 2015, Portland is owed $32.4 million in unpaid parking citations due to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Government of Portland, Oregon">city government</a>'s refusal to collect more aggressively.<a href="#cite_note-329">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Water">edit</a>]</div> The cities main source of drinking water is several reservoirs in the <a href="/wiki/Bull_Run_Watershed" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull Run Watershed">Bull Run Watershed</a>, which consists of roughly 102 square miles (260 km2) of forested land just west of Mount Hood. The city also operates 25 groundwater <a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">wells</a> near the Columbia River in Northeast Portland, which supplements the cities water supply during the summer.<a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of people from Portland, Oregon">List of people from Portland, Oregon</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</div> Portland's <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister cities</a> are:<a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a>, Hokkaido, Japan (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a>, Jalisco, Mexico (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a>, Southern District, Israel (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ulsan" title="Ulsan">Ulsan</a>, South Korea (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>, Jiangsu, China (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, Taiwan (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe"><img alt="Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mutare" title="Mutare">Mutare</a>, Manicaland, Zimbabwe (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2003)</li></ul> </div> Portland also has a friendship city agreement with: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>, province of Utrecht, Netherlands (2012)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/60px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/120px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oregon" title="Portal:Oregon">Oregon portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/40px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/60px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/40px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/60px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/120px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pacific_Northwest" title="Portal:Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Portland%E2%80%93Vancouver_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 Portland–Vancouver tornado">1972 Portland–Vancouver tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_Portland_Weird" title="Keep Portland Weird">Keep Portland Weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of hospitals in Portland, Oregon">List of hospitals in Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_venues_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of sports venues in Portland, Oregon">List of sports venues in Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Portland_in_Oregon" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roses_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Roses in Portland, Oregon">Roses in Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Portland" title="USS Portland">USS Portland</a>, 2 of 3 ships</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Center_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Washington Center (Portland, Oregon)">Washington Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Oregon's population, as of 2019, was 4,217,737; the portion of the MSA that lies in Oregon has a population of 1,992,088, which leaves 47% of Oregon's population residing within the metro. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Official records for Portland have been kept at PDX since October 13, 1940.<a href="#cite_note-ThreadEx-103">[101]</a> In January 1996, snow measurements for PDX were moved to the NWS Portland office 4 mi (6.4 km) to the east at 5241 NE 122nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97230-1089.<a href="#cite_note-PDX_monthly+seasonal_snow-93">[92]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-fifteen-128"><a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_128-0">^</a> From 15% sample </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wweek.com/culture/olde-portland/2016/10/05/portlands-city-slogan-wasnt-always-the-city-that-works/">"Portland's City Slogan Wasn't Always "The City That Works""</a>. Willamette Week. 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Willamette+Week&rft.atitle=Portland%27s+City+Slogan+Wasn%27t+Always+%22The+City+That+Works%22&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wweek.com%2Fculture%2Folde-portland%2F2016%2F10%2F05%2Fportlands-city-slogan-wasnt-always-the-city-that-works%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-naosum.org-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-naosum.org_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-naosum.org_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727122038/http://www.naosmm.org/confer/port-or/history.html">"Portland: The Town that was Almost Boston"</a>. National Association of Scientific Materials Managers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naosmm.org/confer/port-or/history.html">the original</a> on July 27, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland%3A+The+Town+that+was+Almost+Boston&rft.pub=National+Association+of+Scientific+Materials+Managers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naosmm.org%2Fconfer%2Fport-or%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portland.gov/auditor/rede">"Auditor Simone Rede"</a>. City of Portland, Oregon. 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Auditor+Simone+Rede&rft.pub=City+of+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portland.gov%2Fauditor%2Frede&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TigerWebMapServer-4"><a href="#cite_ref-TigerWebMapServer_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='41'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json">"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ArcGIS+REST+Services+Directory&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftigerweb.geo.census.gov%2Farcgis%2Frest%2Fservices%2FTIGERweb%2FPlaces_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD%2FMapServer%2F5%2Fquery%3Fwhere%3DSTATE%3D%2741%27%26outFields%3DNAME%2CSTATE%2CPLACE%2CAREALAND%2CAREAWATER%2CLSADC%2CCENTLAT%2CCENTLON%26orderByFields%3DPLACE%26returnGeometry%3Dfalse%26returnTrueCurves%3Dfalse%26f%3Djson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnis-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_5-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/2411471">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Portland, Oregon</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> The highest elevation is at 9936 NW Wind Ridge Dr., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Portland,_Oregon&params=45.55873_N_122.77854_W_type:landmark_region:US-OR_elevation:390&title=Portland+highest+elevation">45°33′31″N 122°46′43″W / 45.55873°N 122.77854°W / 45.55873; -122.77854 (Portland highest elevation)</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/51672">"City of Portland Urban Services Area"</a>. Bureau of Planning and Sustainability. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+of+Planning+and+Sustainability&rft.atitle=City+of+Portland+Urban+Services+Area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandoregon.gov%2Fbps%2Farticle%2F51672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> The lowest elevation historically occurred at low water on January 17, 1937, at the confluence of the Columbia and Willamette Rivers <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Portland,_Oregon&params=45.65096_N_122.76289_W_type:landmark_region:US-OR_elevation:-0.3&title=Portland+lowest+elevation">45°39′03″N 122°45′46″W / 45.65096°N 122.76289°W / 45.65096; -122.76289 (Portland lowest elevation)</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://water.weather.gov/ahps2/hydrograph.php?wfo=pqr&gage=vapw1&hydro_type=0">"Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service: Portland: Columbia River at Vancouver"</a>. Water.weather.gov. Retrieved September 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Water.weather.gov&rft.atitle=Advanced+Hydrologic+Prediction+Service%3A+Portland%3A+Columbia+River+at+Vancouver&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwater.weather.gov%2Fahps2%2Fhydrograph.php%3Fwfo%3Dpqr%26gage%3Dvapw1%26hydro_type%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly-8"><a href="#cite_ref-USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108">"Census Population API"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+Population+API&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.census.gov%2Fdata%2F2020%2Fdec%2Fpl%3Fget%3DP1_001N%2CNAME%26for%3Dplace%3A%2A%26in%3Dstate%3A41%26key%3D5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020Pop-9"><a href="#cite_ref-2020Pop_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html">"2020 Population and Housing State Data"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Population+and+Housing+State+Data&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2F2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP38900">"Total Gross Domestic Product for Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA (MSA)"</a>. fred.stlouisfed.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fred.stlouisfed.org&rft.atitle=Total+Gross+Domestic+Product+for+Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro%2C+OR-WA+%28MSA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffred.stlouisfed.org%2Fseries%2FNGMP38900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QuickFacts-11"><a href="#cite_ref-QuickFacts_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/portlandcityoregon/POP010220">"QuickFacts: Portland city, Oregon"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213121632/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/portlandcityoregon/POP010220">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QuickFacts%3A+Portland+city%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fportlandcityoregon%2FPOP010220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDanver,_Steven_L.2013" class="citation book cs1">Danver, Steven L., ed. (2013). Encyclopedia of Politics of the American West. CQ Press. pp. 533–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-506-35491-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-506-35491-0"><bdi>978-1-506-35491-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Politics+of+the+American+West&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E533-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-506-35491-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaker2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Baker" title="Emerson Baker">Baker, Emerson W.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4WjGkuhZyaoC&pg=PA16">"Portland as a Contested Frontier in the Seventeenth Century"</a>. In Conforti, Joseph A. (ed.). Creating Portland: History and Place in Northern New England. Lebanon, NH: University of New Hampshire Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1584654490" title="Special:BookSources/978-1584654490"><bdi>978-1584654490</bdi></a>. Retrieved April 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Portland+as+a+Contested+Frontier+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.btitle=Creating+Portland%3A+History+and+Place+in+Northern+New+England&rft.place=Lebanon%2C+NH&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=University+of+New+Hampshire+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1584654490&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Emerson+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4WjGkuhZyaoC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1960s-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1960s_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1960s_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOlsen2012" class="citation book cs1">Olsen, Polina (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portlandin1960ss0000olse">Portland in the 1960s: Stories from the Counterculture</a>. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60949-471-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60949-471-1"><bdi>978-1-60949-471-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portland+in+the+1960s%3A+Stories+from+the+Counterculture&rft.place=Charleston%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-60949-471-1&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Polina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fportlandin1960ss0000olse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeber,_Peter2015" class="citation web cs1">Weber, Peter (January 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/articles/451788/dont-let-portlandia-ruin-portland">"Don't let Portlandia ruin Portland"</a>. The Week. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Don%27t+let+Portlandia+ruin+Portland&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.au=Weber%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Farticles%2F451788%2Fdont-let-portlandia-ruin-portland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/article/2023/11/03/keep-portland-weird-unipiper/">"Organization aims to fulfill bumper sticker's call to 'Keep Portland Weird'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon Public Broadcasting</a>. Retrieved November 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Organization+aims+to+fulfill+bumper+sticker%27s+call+to+%27Keep+Portland+Weird%27&rft.pub=Oregon+Public+Broadcasting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Farticle%2F2023%2F11%2F03%2Fkeep-portland-weird-unipiper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2014/10/seinfeld-portlandia-is-one-of-the-best-comedies.html">"Is Portlandia One of the Best Comedies of All Time? Jerry Seinfeld Thinks So"</a>. Vulture. October 2, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=Is+Portlandia+One+of+the+Best+Comedies+of+All+Time%3F+Jerry+Seinfeld+Thinks+So&rft.date=2014-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2014%2F10%2Fseinfeld-portlandia-is-one-of-the-best-comedies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerg2012" class="citation news cs1">Berg, Nate (March 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citylab.com/politics/2012/03/only-elected-regional-government-us/1371/">"The Only Elected Regional Government in the U.S."</a> CityLab. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved February 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Only+Elected+Regional+Government+in+the+U.S.&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citylab.com%2Fpolitics%2F2012%2F03%2Fonly-elected-regional-government-us%2F1371%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamakrishnan2022" class="citation web cs1">Ramakrishnan, Ramakrishnan (April 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/2022/04/metro-council-president-faces-challenge-from-longtime-urban-planner.html">"Metro Council president faces challenge from longtime urban planner"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved October 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Metro+Council+president+faces+challenge+from+longtime+urban+planner&rft.date=2022-04-22&rft.aulast=Ramakrishnan&rft.aufirst=Ramakrishnan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fcommuting%2F2022%2F04%2Fmetro-council-president-faces-challenge-from-longtime-urban-planner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwindler2020" class="citation web cs1">Swindler, Samantha (May 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/living/2020/05/though-the-rose-show-and-garden-contest-are-canceled-the-city-of-roses-is-in-full-bloom.html">"Though the rose show and garden contest are canceled, the City of Roses is in full bloom"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved October 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Though+the+rose+show+and+garden+contest+are+canceled%2C+the+City+of+Roses+is+in+full+bloom&rft.date=2020-05-31&rft.aulast=Swindler&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fliving%2F2020%2F05%2Fthough-the-rose-show-and-garden-contest-are-canceled-the-city-of-roses-is-in-full-bloom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenBurnsSargent2009175–89-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllenBurnsSargent2009175–89_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllenBurnsSargent2009">Allen, Burns & Sargent 2009</a>, pp. 175–89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarschner2008187-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarschner2008187_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarschner2008">Marschner 2008</a>, p. 187. </li> <li id="cite_note-anderson-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anderson_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anderson_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anderson_24-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnderson,_Susan2009" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Susan (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101195109/http://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/214638">"East Portland Historical Overview & Historic Preservation Study"</a>. City of Portland Bureau of Planning and Sustainability. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/214638">the original</a> on January 1, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Portland+Bureau+of+Planning+and+Sustainability&rft.atitle=East+Portland+Historical+Overview+%26+Historic+Preservation+Study&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandoregon.gov%2Fbps%2Farticle%2F214638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/first-year-in-oregon-1840-1869-a-narrative-history.htm">"First Year in Oregon, 1840–1869: A Narrative History (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. National Park Service. Retrieved August 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Year+in+Oregon%2C+1840%E2%80%931869%3A+A+Narrative+History+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2F000%2Ffirst-year-in-oregon-1840-1869-a-narrative-history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott189061-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott189061_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScott1890">Scott 1890</a>, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrloff2004" class="citation journal cs1">Orloff, Chet (2004). "Maintaining Eden: John Charles Olmsted and the Portland Park System". Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers. 66: 114–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fpcg.2004.0006">10.1353/pcg.2004.0006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0066-9628">0066-9628</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129896123">129896123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yearbook+of+the+Association+of+Pacific+Coast+Geographers&rft.atitle=Maintaining+Eden%3A+John+Charles+Olmsted+and+the+Portland+Park+System&rft.volume=66&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E114-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129896123%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0066-9628&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fpcg.2004.0006&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=Chet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015811/http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=000128AC-3AC7-1E8B-891B80B0527200A7">"Overton Cabin"</a>. Oregon History Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=000128AC-3AC7-1E8B-891B80B0527200A7">the original</a> on November 17, 2015. Retrieved October 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+History+Project&rft.atitle=Overton+Cabin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohs.org%2Feducation%2Foregonhistory%2Fhistorical_records%2FdspDocument.cfm%3Fdoc_ID%3D000128AC-3AC7-1E8B-891B80B0527200A7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibson-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Gibson_29-0">^</a> Gibson, Campbell (June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/twps0027.html">Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990</a>. U.S. Bureau of the Census – Population Division. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott1890160-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott1890160_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFScott1890">Scott 1890</a>, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-31"><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_31-0">^</a> 1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf">How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf">How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a>. Retrieved February 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoyStuart_AllanAileen_R._BuckleyJames_E._Meacham2001" class="citation book cs1">Loy, William G.; Stuart Allan; Aileen R. Buckley; James E. Meacham (2001). Atlas of Oregon. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon_Press" title="University of Oregon Press">University of Oregon Press</a>. pp. 32–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87114-101-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87114-101-9"><bdi>978-0-87114-101-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Oregon&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=University+of+Oregon+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-87114-101-9&rft.aulast=Loy&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft.au=Stuart+Allan&rft.au=Aileen+R.+Buckley&rft.au=James+E.+Meacham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?a=284506&c=51811">"Historical Timeline"</a>. Portland Online. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portland+Online&rft.atitle=Historical+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandonline.com%2Fauditor%2Findex.cfm%3Fa%3D284506%26c%3D51811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Portland_(Oregon)">"Portland (Oregon)" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 121.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Portland+%28Oregon%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=121&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> "City keeps lively pulse". (Spencer Heinz, The Oregonian, January 23, 2001) </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/nikkeialbum/albums/44/slide/">"Portland's Japantown"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland%27s+Japantown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discovernikkei.org%2Fen%2Fnikkeialbum%2Falbums%2F44%2Fslide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn201216-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohn201216_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohn201216_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohn201216_37-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFJohn2012">John 2012</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohn201210-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohn201210_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJohn2012">John 2012</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-mac1885-39"><a href="#cite_ref-mac1885_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacColl1976" class="citation book cs1">MacColl, E. Kimbark (November 1976). The Shaping of a City: Business and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1885 to 1915. Portland, Oregon: The Georgian Press Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2645815">2645815</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shaping+of+a+City%3A+Business+and+Politics+in+Portland%2C+Oregon+1885+to+1915&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=The+Georgian+Press+Company&rft.date=1976-11&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2645815&rft.aulast=MacColl&rft.aufirst=E.+Kimbark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kennedy-40"><a href="#cite_ref-kennedy_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKennedy,_Sarah" class="citation news cs1">Kennedy, Sarah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/fodors/top/features/travel/destinations/unitedstates/oregon/portland/fdrs_feat_121_5.html?n=Top%2FFeatures%2FTravel%2FDestinations%2FUnited+States%2FOregon%2FPortland">"The Shanghai Tunnels"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved September 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Shanghai+Tunnels&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Ffodors%2Ftop%2Ffeatures%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Funitedstates%2Foregon%2Fportland%2Ffdrs_feat_121_5.html%3Fn%3DTop%252FFeatures%252FTravel%252FDestinations%252FUnited%2BStates%252FOregon%252FPortland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandler2013-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandler2013_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChandler2013">Chandler 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoos,_Roy_E.2010" class="citation web cs1">Roos, Roy E. (January 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eliotneighborhood.org/2010/01/08/the-white-eagle-saloon/">"The White Eagle Saloon"</a>. Eliot Neighborhood. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eliot+Neighborhood&rft.atitle=The+White+Eagle+Saloon&rft.date=2010-01-08&rft.au=Roos%2C+Roy+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feliotneighborhood.org%2F2010%2F01%2F08%2Fthe-white-eagle-saloon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DecennialCensus-43"><a href="#cite_ref-DecennialCensus_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprograms-surveys%2Fdecennial-census.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pac-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pac_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pac_44-1">b</a> "'Return & Remembrance': In Commemoration of the 75th Anniversary of E.O. 9066," <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Citizen" title="Pacific Citizen">Pacific Citizen</a>, June 2–15, 2017, p. 4 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.densho.org/Portland%20(detention%20facility)/">"Portland (detention facility)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Densho_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Densho Encyclopedia">Densho Encyclopedia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Portland+%28detention+facility%29&rft.btitle=Densho+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.densho.org%2FPortland%2520%28detention%2520facility%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ellis-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ellis_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ellis_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEllis,_Janey" class="citation news cs1">Ellis, Janey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160118095613/http://atomicredhead-media.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/Ellis-Portland-Vice1.pdf">"Portland's Dirty Little Secret: How Vice and Corruption Held the Rose City in Its Clutches"</a> (PDF). Oregon History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atomicredhead-media.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/Ellis-Portland-Vice1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 18, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+History&rft.atitle=Portland%27s+Dirty+Little+Secret%3A+How+Vice+and+Corruption+Held+the+Rose+City+in+Its+Clutches&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Janey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatomicredhead-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2009%2F07%2FEllis-Portland-Vice1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohs2003toll-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohs2003toll_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohs2003toll_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFToll2003" class="citation web cs1">Toll, William (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609021755/http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/narratives/subtopic.cfm?subtopic_ID=213">"Home Front Boom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Historical_Society" title="Oregon Historical Society">Oregon Historical Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/narratives/subtopic.cfm?subtopic_ID=213">the original</a> on June 9, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+Front+Boom&rft.pub=Oregon+Historical+Society&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Toll&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohs.org%2Feducation%2Foregonhistory%2Fnarratives%2Fsubtopic.cfm%3Fsubtopic_ID%3D213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60s-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-60s_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-60s_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/century/1960_index.html">"The 1960s"</a>. Oregon Live. An Oregon Century. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Live&rft.atitle=The+1960s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fcentury%2F1960_index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70s-49"><a href="#cite_ref-70s_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/century/1970_index.html">"The 1970s"</a>. Oregon Live. An Oregon Century. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Live&rft.atitle=The+1970s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fcentury%2F1970_index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/century/1990_index.html">"The 1990s"</a>. An Oregon Century. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+1990s&rft.series=An+Oregon+Century&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fcentury%2F1990_index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Barone, Michael, and Grant Ujifusa. The Almanac of American Politics 2000. National Journal, 1999. </li> <li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2014-52"><a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2014_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150523034651/https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html">"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014.html">the original</a> on May 23, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Estimates+of+the+Resident+Population+for+Incorporated+Places%3A+April+1%2C+2010+to+July+1%2C+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Fcities%2Ftotals%2F2014%2FSUB-EST2014.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-miller-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-miller_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miller_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Clair_Cane2014" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Clair Cane (September 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/21/magazine/will-portland-always-be-a-retirement-community-for-the-young.html">"Will Portland Always Be a Retirement Community for the Young?"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved November 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Will+Portland+Always+Be+a+Retirement+Community+for+the+Young%3F&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft.au=Miller%2C+Clair+Cane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F09%2F21%2Fmagazine%2Fwill-portland-always-be-a-retirement-community-for-the-young.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cityrecorder-54"><a href="#cite_ref-cityrecorder_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090423075247/http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?a=jbgc&c=cheid">"City Flower"</a>. City of Portland Auditor's Office – City Recorder Division. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandonline.com/auditor/index.cfm?a=jbgc&c=cheid">the original</a> on April 23, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Flower&rft.pub=City+of+Portland+Auditor%27s+Office+%E2%80%93+City+Recorder+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandonline.com%2Fauditor%2Findex.cfm%3Fa%3Djbgc%26c%3Dcheid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oreg-June2003-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oreg-June2003_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oreg-June2003_55-1">b</a> Stern, Henry (June 19, 2003). "Name comes up roses for P-town: City Council sees no thorns in picking 'City of Roses' as Portland's moniker". The Oregonian </li> <li id="cite_note-bridgetown-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bridgetown_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bridgetown_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061031090707/http://www.pdx.edu/water.html">"The Water"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Portland_State_University" title="Portland State University">Portland State University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdx.edu/water.html">the original</a> on October 31, 2006. Retrieved November 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Water&rft.pub=Portland+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdx.edu%2Fwater.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-endoftheoregontrail-57"><a href="#cite_ref-endoftheoregontrail_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512161747/http://www.historicoregoncity.org/index.php/widgetkit/oregon-trail-history/item/early-towns-and-cities">"From Robin's Nest to Stumptown"</a>. End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center. February 1, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicoregoncity.org/index.php/widgetkit/oregon-trail-history/item/early-towns-and-cities">the original</a> on May 12, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Robin%27s+Nest+to+Stumptown&rft.pub=End+of+the+Oregon+Trail+Interpretive+Center&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicoregoncity.org%2Findex.php%2Fwidgetkit%2Foregon-trail-history%2Fitem%2Fearly-towns-and-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaker1991" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Nena (May 21, 1991). "R.I.P. FOR 'Rip City' Ruckus". The Oregonian. pp. A01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=R.I.P.+FOR+%27Rip+City%27+Ruckus&rft.pages=A01&rft.date=1991-05-21&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Nena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSandomir2008" class="citation news cs1">Sandomir, Richard (November 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/07/sports/soccer/07franchise.html?ref=soccer">"Seeking Help to Bring an M.L.S. Team to Portland"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved June 22, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Seeking+Help+to+Bring+an+M.L.S.+Team+to+Portland&rft.date=2008-11-06&rft.aulast=Sandomir&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F11%2F07%2Fsports%2Fsoccer%2F07franchise.html%3Fref%3Dsoccer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDure2009" class="citation news cs1">Dure, Beau (August 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/2009-08-25-portland-timbers_N.htm">"Portland Timbers show bark, bite as they prepare to join MLS"</a>. USA Today. McLean, Virginia. Retrieved June 22, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Portland+Timbers+show+bark%2C+bite+as+they+prepare+to+join+MLS&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft.aulast=Dure&rft.aufirst=Beau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fsports%2Fsoccer%2F2009-08-25-portland-timbers_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHagestedt2009" class="citation news cs1">Hagestedt, Andre (April 7, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beachconnection.net/news/missin040709_147.php">"The Missing Oregon Coast: Waves After Dark"</a>. Retrieved April 30, 2009. <q>I'm used to seeing that hint of dawn back in P-town, with my wretched habit of playing video games until 6 a.m</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Missing+Oregon+Coast%3A+Waves+After+Dark&rft.date=2009-04-07&rft.aulast=Hagestedt&rft.aufirst=Andre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beachconnection.net%2Fnews%2Fmissin040709_147.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-STAP-62"><a href="#cite_ref-STAP_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCall2003" class="citation news cs1">McCall, William (August 19, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20030819/protests19e/portland-police-activists-get-ready-for-bushs-visit">"'Little Beirut' nickname has stuck"</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117131323/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20030819&slug=protests19e">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Little+Beirut%27+nickname+has+stuck&rft.date=2003-08-19&rft.aulast=McCall&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.seattletimes.com%2Farchive%2F20030819%2Fprotests19e%2Fportland-police-activists-get-ready-for-bushs-visit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaker2021" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Mike (April 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/us/portland-protests-mayor-ted-wheeler.html">"After Nearly a Year of Unrest, Portland Leaders Pursue a Crackdown"</a>. The New York Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/us/portland-protests-mayor-ted-wheeler.html">the original</a> on December 28, 2021. Retrieved May 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=After+Nearly+a+Year+of+Unrest%2C+Portland+Leaders+Pursue+a+Crackdown&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F04%2F27%2Fus%2Fportland-protests-mayor-ted-wheeler.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVice2020" class="citation news cs1">Vice, Staff (September 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7g8vb/man-linked-to-killing-at-a-portland-protest-says-he-acted-in-self-defense">"Man Linked to Killing at a Portland Protest Says He Acted in Self-Defense"</a>. Vice. Retrieved September 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Man+Linked+to+Killing+at+a+Portland+Protest+Says+He+Acted+in+Self-Defense&rft.date=2020-09-23&rft.aulast=Vice&rft.aufirst=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fv7g8vb%2Fman-linked-to-killing-at-a-portland-protest-says-he-acted-in-self-defense&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEvans2020" class="citation news cs1">Evans, Robert (July 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2020/07/20/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-battle-of-portland/">"What You Need To Know About The Battle of Portland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a>. Retrieved August 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bellingcat&rft.atitle=What+You+Need+To+Know+About+The+Battle+of+Portland&rft.date=2020-07-20&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bellingcat.com%2Fnews%2Famericas%2F2020%2F07%2F20%2Fwhat-you-need-to-know-about-the-battle-of-portland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHughes2020" class="citation news cs1">Hughes, Trevor (July 26, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/07/26/portland-protests-police-declare-riot-violence-grows/5513752002/">"Portland police declare riot as demonstrators attack fence outside federal courthouse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Retrieved August 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Portland+police+declare+riot+as+demonstrators+attack+fence+outside+federal+courthouse&rft.date=2020-07-26&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2020%2F07%2F26%2Fportland-protests-police-declare-riot-violence-grows%2F5513752002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKavanaugh2020" class="citation news cs1">Kavanaugh, Shane (July 30, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2020/07/man-knifed-in-back-at-portland-protest-i-was-stabbed-for-being-a-conservative-journalist.html">"Man knifed in back at Portland protest: 'I was stabbed for being a conservative journalist'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a>. Retrieved August 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Man+knifed+in+back+at+Portland+protest%3A+%27I+was+stabbed+for+being+a+conservative+journalist%27&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft.aulast=Kavanaugh&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fcrime%2F2020%2F07%2Fman-knifed-in-back-at-portland-protest-i-was-stabbed-for-being-a-conservative-journalist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanderHartLevinsonEllisOrr2020" class="citation news cs1">VanderHart, Dirk; Levinson, Jonathan; Ellis, Rebecca; Orr, Donald (May 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603041011/https://www.opb.org/news/article/black-lives-matter-rallies-portland-civic-leader-confront-protests-oregon-racist-history/">"As Protests Continue, Civic Leaders Confront Crowds And Oregon's Racist History"</a>. Oregon Public Broadcasting. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/news/article/black-lives-matter-rallies-portland-civic-leader-confront-protests-oregon-racist-history/">the original</a> on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=As+Protests+Continue%2C+Civic+Leaders+Confront+Crowds+And+Oregon%27s+Racist+History&rft.date=2020-05-31&rft.aulast=VanderHart&rft.aufirst=Dirk&rft.au=Levinson%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Orr%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fblack-lives-matter-rallies-portland-civic-leader-confront-protests-oregon-racist-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreen2020" class="citation news cs1">Green, Aimee (June 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801162535/https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/06/portland-now-faces-8-lawsuits-seeking-an-end-to-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-explosives-at-protests.html">"Portland now faces 8 lawsuits seeking an end to tear gas, rubber bullets, explosives at protests"</a>. The Oregonian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2020/06/portland-now-faces-8-lawsuits-seeking-an-end-to-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-explosives-at-protests.html">the original</a> on August 1, 2020. Retrieved August 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+now+faces+8+lawsuits+seeking+an+end+to+tear+gas%2C+rubber+bullets%2C+explosives+at+protests&rft.date=2020-06-10&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Aimee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F06%2Fportland-now-faces-8-lawsuits-seeking-an-end-to-tear-gas-rubber-bullets-explosives-at-protests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEllis2020" class="citation news cs1">Ellis, Rebecca (July 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/news/article/oregon-aclu-federal-law-enforcement-portland-police-lawsuit/">"ACLU Adds Federal Agencies To Lawsuit Against Portland Police"</a>. Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved August 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Public+Broadcasting&rft.atitle=ACLU+Adds+Federal+Agencies+To+Lawsuit+Against+Portland+Police&rft.date=2020-07-17&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Foregon-aclu-federal-law-enforcement-portland-police-lawsuit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/oregon-attorney-general-files-lawsuit-against-federal-agencies-for-violating-oregonians-civil-rights/283-1ab1070e-3510-46f6-8987-8982f939117c">"Oregon AG files lawsuit against federal agencies for violating Oregonians' civil rights"</a>. KGW. July 17, 2020. Retrieved August 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KGW&rft.atitle=Oregon+AG+files+lawsuit+against+federal+agencies+for+violating+Oregonians%27+civil+rights&rft.date=2020-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kgw.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Foregon-attorney-general-files-lawsuit-against-federal-agencies-for-violating-oregonians-civil-rights%2F283-1ab1070e-3510-46f6-8987-8982f939117c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlanigan2020" class="citation news cs1">Flanigan, Kaitlin (July 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koin.com/news/protests/lawsuit-trump-using-feds-in-portland-to-create-national-police-force/">"Lawsuit: Trump using feds in Portland to create national police force"</a>. Koin.com. Retrieved August 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Koin.com&rft.atitle=Lawsuit%3A+Trump+using+feds+in+Portland+to+create+national+police+force&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft.aulast=Flanigan&rft.aufirst=Kaitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koin.com%2Fnews%2Fprotests%2Flawsuit-trump-using-feds-in-portland-to-create-national-police-force%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/police-declare-riot-portland-protesters-mark-year-george/story?id=77910797">"Police declare riot in Portland as protesters mark 1 year since George Floyd's death"</a>. United States: ABC News. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Police+declare+riot+in+Portland+as+protesters+mark+1+year+since+George+Floyd%27s+death&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fpolice-declare-riot-portland-protesters-mark-year-george%2Fstory%3Fid%3D77910797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101101733/https://www.kptv.com/news/riot-declared-in-downtown-portland-police-arrest-5-people/article_f42ac0c0-bddc-11eb-bac6-63e22fc82b3a.html">"Riot declared in downtown Portland, police arrest 5 people"</a>. KPTV.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kptv.com/news/riot-declared-in-downtown-portland-police-arrest-5-people/article_f42ac0c0-bddc-11eb-bac6-63e22fc82b3a.html">the original</a> on November 1, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KPTV.com&rft.atitle=Riot+declared+in+downtown+Portland%2C+police+arrest+5+people&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kptv.com%2Fnews%2Friot-declared-in-downtown-portland-police-arrest-5-people%2Farticle_f42ac0c0-bddc-11eb-bac6-63e22fc82b3a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-volcano-75"><a href="#cite_ref-volcano_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Oregon/BoringLavaField/description_boring_lava.html">"The Boring Lava Field, Portland, Oregon"</a>. United States Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory. Retrieved November 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Boring+Lava+Field%2C+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey+Cascades+Volcano+Observatory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvulcan.wr.usgs.gov%2FVolcanoes%2FOregon%2FBoringLavaField%2Fdescription_boring_lava.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Oregon/BoringLavaField/VisitVolcano/mount_tabor.html">"Mount Tabor Cinder Cone, Portland, Oregon"</a>. United States Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory. Retrieved April 20, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mount+Tabor+Cinder+Cone%2C+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey+Cascades+Volcano+Observatory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvulcan.wr.usgs.gov%2FVolcanoes%2FOregon%2FBoringLavaField%2FVisitVolcano%2Fmount_tabor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNokes2000" class="citation news cs1">Nokes, R. Gregory (December 4, 2000). "History, relived saved from St. Helens by a six-pack of Fresca". The Oregonian. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=History%2C+relived+saved+from+St.+Helens+by+a+six-pack+of+Fresca&rft.pages=17&rft.date=2000-12-04&rft.aulast=Nokes&rft.aufirst=R.+Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrimble,_Donald1963" class="citation book cs1">Trimble, Donald (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1119/report.pdf">Geology of Portland, Oregon and Adjacent Areas</a> (PDF). Geological Survey Bulletin. pp. 1–2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology+of+Portland%2C+Oregon+and+Adjacent+Areas&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pub=Geological+Survey+Bulletin&rft.date=1963&rft.au=Trimble%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fbul%2F1119%2Freport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-banse-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-banse_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-banse_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBanse,_Tom2017" class="citation web cs1">Banse, Tom (November 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180510184616/https://www.opb.org/news/series/unprepared/pacific-northwest-oregon-washington-earthquakes-faults-cascadia/">"Geologists Keep Finding More Northwest Earthquake Faults"</a>. Oregon Public Broadcasting. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/news/series/unprepared/pacific-northwest-oregon-washington-earthquakes-faults-cascadia/">the original</a> on May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Public+Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Geologists+Keep+Finding+More+Northwest+Earthquake+Faults&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft.au=Banse%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Fnews%2Fseries%2Funprepared%2Fpacific-northwest-oregon-washington-earthquakes-faults-cascadia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRojas-Burke,_Joe2011" class="citation web cs1">Rojas-Burke, Joe (February 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2011/02/comparing_portlands_quake_risk.html">"Comparing Portland's quake risk to that of devastated Christchurch, New Zealand"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Comparing+Portland%27s+quake+risk+to+that+of+devastated+Christchurch%2C+New+Zealand&rft.date=2011-02-23&rft.au=Rojas-Burke%2C+Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fenvironment%2Findex.ssf%2F2011%2F02%2Fcomparing_portlands_quake_risk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMesh,_Aaron2010" class="citation news cs1">Mesh, Aaron (January 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wweek.com/news/2010/01/26/quake-up-call/">"Quake-Up Call"</a>. Willamette Week. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Willamette+Week&rft.atitle=Quake-Up+Call&rft.date=2010-01-26&rft.au=Mesh%2C+Aaron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wweek.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2F01%2F26%2Fquake-up-call%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBott,_Jacqueline_D.J.Wong,_Ivan_G.1993" class="citation journal cs1">Bott, Jacqueline D.J.; Wong, Ivan G. (September 1993). "Historical Earthquakes in and around Portland, Oregon". Oregon Geology. 55 (5): 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Geology&rft.atitle=Historical+Earthquakes+in+and+around+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=116&rft.date=1993-09&rft.au=Bott%2C+Jacqueline+D.J.&rft.au=Wong%2C+Ivan+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDonough2002" class="citation book cs1">McDonough, P. W., ed. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W5-B40vrljIC&pg=PA29">The Nisqually, Washington, Earthquake of February 28, 2001</a>. Open-File Report 2002-346. <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a>. pp. 28, 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-7516-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-7516-4"><bdi>978-0-7844-7516-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nisqually%2C+Washington%2C+Earthquake+of+February+28%2C+2001&rft.series=Open-File+Report+2002-346&rft.pages=28%2C+29&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Civil+Engineers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7844-7516-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW5-B40vrljIC%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-seventh-84"><a href="#cite_ref-seventh_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCassuto,_Dan2014" class="citation web cs1">Cassuto, Dan (March 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207113202/http://katu.com/news/local/7000-high-risk-landslide-zones-in-portland-area-check-if-you-live-in-one">"7,000 high-risk landslide zones in Portland area; check if you live in one"</a>. KATU. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katu.com/news/local/7000-high-risk-landslide-zones-in-portland-area-check-if-you-live-in-one">the original</a> on February 7, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7%2C000+high-risk+landslide+zones+in+Portland+area%3B+check+if+you+live+in+one&rft.pub=KATU&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft.au=Cassuto%2C+Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkatu.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F7000-high-risk-landslide-zones-in-portland-area-check-if-you-live-in-one&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHale2016" class="citation web cs1">Hale, Jamie (April 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/travel/2016/04/a_drive_is_nice_but_a_hike_up.html">"Council Crest hike is well worth the extra effort"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved August 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Council+Crest+hike+is+well+worth+the+extra+effort&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Ftravel%2F2016%2F04%2Fa_drive_is_nice_but_a_hike_up.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gazetteer_files-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Gazetteer_files_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt">"US Gazetteer files 2010"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt">the original</a> on July 2, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Gazetteer+files+2010&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fwww%2Fgazetteer%2Ffiles%2FGaz_places_national.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonmetro.gov/sites/default/files/2024/05/14/Jurisdictional-boundaries-and-parks-44x34-20240509.pdf">Jurisdictional boundaries and parks, Greater Portland</a> (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Metro. May 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jurisdictional+boundaries+and+parks%2C+Greater+Portland&rft.pub=Metro&rft.date=2024-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonmetro.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024%2F05%2F14%2FJurisdictional-boundaries-and-parks-44x34-20240509.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2014138-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2014138_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson2014">Anderson 2014</a>, p. 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-fao.org-89"><a href="#cite_ref-fao.org_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/ad652e/ad652e07.htm">"Global Ecological Zoning for the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000"</a>. Forestry Department of the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a>. 2001. Retrieved September 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Ecological+Zoning+for+the+Global+Forest+Resources+Assessment+2000&rft.pub=Forestry+Department+of+the+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2F006%2Fad652e%2Fad652e07.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Portland_OR_Extremes-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Portland_OR_Extremes_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Portland_OR_Extremes_90-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/pqr/climate/pdx_clisummary.php">"Portland Airport (Oregon): Normals, means, and extremes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Retrieved September 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland+Airport+%28Oregon%29%3A+Normals%2C+means%2C+and+extremes&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrh.noaa.gov%2Fpqr%2Fclimate%2Fpdx_clisummary.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOWData-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_91-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_91-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_91-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_91-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_91-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pqr">"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Retrieved April 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NowData+%E2%80%93+NOAA+Online+Weather+Data&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.weather.gov%2Fclimate%2Fxmacis.php%3Fwfo%3Dpqr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fivethirtyeight.com-92"><a href="#cite_ref-fivethirtyeight.com_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/has-the-snow-finally-stopped/">"Has The Snow Finally Stopped?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a>. March 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=Has+The+Snow+Finally+Stopped%3F&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.com%2Ffeatures%2Fhas-the-snow-finally-stopped%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PDX_monthly+seasonal_snow-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PDX_monthly+seasonal_snow_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PDX_monthly+seasonal_snow_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/pqr/pdxclimate/pg98.pdf">"AIRPORT Portland: Monthly and Seasonal Snowfall (inches)"</a> (PDF). NWS Portland, OR. Retrieved June 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AIRPORT+Portland%3A+Monthly+and+Seasonal+Snowfall+%28inches%29&rft.pub=NWS+Portland%2C+OR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrh.noaa.gov%2Fpqr%2Fpdxclimate%2Fpg98.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-downtown_monthly+seasonal_snow-94"><a href="#cite_ref-downtown_monthly+seasonal_snow_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119092735/http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/pqr/pdxclimate/pg100.pdf">"Downtown Portland: Monthly and Seasonal Snowfall (inches)"</a> (PDF). NWS Portland, Oregon. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/pqr/pdxclimate/pg100.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 19, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Downtown+Portland%3A+Monthly+and+Seasonal+Snowfall+%28inches%29&rft.pub=NWS+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrh.noaa.gov%2Fpqr%2Fpdxclimate%2Fpg100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.usnews.com/Portland_OR/When_To_Visit/">"Best Times to Visit Portland, OR"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. Retrieved November 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Best+Times+to+Visit+Portland%2C+OR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.usnews.com%2FPortland_OR%2FWhen_To_Visit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/weather/index.ssf/2018/09/portland_weather_hits_90_degre.html">"Portland weather hits 90 degrees for record 31st day in 2018"</a>. The Oregonian. September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+weather+hits+90+degrees+for+record+31st+day+in+2018&rft.date=2018-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fweather%2Findex.ssf%2F2018%2F09%2Fportland_weather_hits_90_degre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2021" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Kale (June 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/weather/2021/06/portlands-record-breaking-heat-wave-by-the-numbers.html">"Portland's record-breaking heat wave: by the numbers"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved May 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland%27s+record-breaking+heat+wave%3A+by+the+numbers&rft.date=2021-06-29&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Kale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fweather%2F2021%2F06%2Fportlands-record-breaking-heat-wave-by-the-numbers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldbergRamakrishnan2021" class="citation news cs1">Goldberg, Jamie; Ramakrishnan, Jayati (June 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/weather/2021/06/portland-records-all-time-high-temperature-of-113-setting-new-record-for-third-day-in-a-row.html">"Portland records all-time high temperature of 116, setting new record for third day in a row"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved May 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+records+all-time+high+temperature+of+116%2C+setting+new+record+for+third+day+in+a+row&rft.date=2021-06-29&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Ramakrishnan%2C+Jayati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fweather%2F2021%2F06%2Fportland-records-all-time-high-temperature-of-113-setting-new-record-for-third-day-in-a-row.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerry2021" class="citation news cs1">Perry, Douglas (June 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/weather/2021/06/portland-could-set-heat-record-this-weekend-despite-junes-history-as-citys-summer-golden-period.html">"Portland could set heat record this weekend, despite June's history as city's summer golden period"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved May 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+could+set+heat+record+this+weekend%2C+despite+June%27s+history+as+city%27s+summer+golden+period&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fweather%2F2021%2F06%2Fportland-could-set-heat-record-this-weekend-despite-junes-history-as-citys-summer-golden-period.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMass2008138-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMass2008138_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMass2008">Mass 2008</a>, p. 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427024642/https://thevane.gawker.com/why-doesnt-the-west-coast-see-thunderstorms-1606295419">"Why Doesn't the West Coast See Thunderstorms?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thevane.gawker.com/why-doesnt-the-west-coast-see-thunderstorms-1606295419">the original</a> on April 27, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Doesn%27t+the+West+Coast+See+Thunderstorms%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthevane.gawker.com%2Fwhy-doesnt-the-west-coast-see-thunderstorms-1606295419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThreadEx-103"><a href="#cite_ref-ThreadEx_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/">"Threaded Extremes"</a>. threadex.rcc-acis.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threadex.rcc-acis.org&rft.atitle=Threaded+Extremes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthreadex.rcc-acis.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.oregonlive.com/weather/temps/">"Portland temps, 1938–2023"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved December 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+temps%2C+1938%E2%80%932023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.oregonlive.com%2Fweather%2Ftemps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAAsun-106"><a href="#cite_ref-NOAAsun_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230617103914/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72698.TXT">"WMO Climate Normals for PORTLAND OR 1961–1990"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72698.TXT">the original</a> on June 17, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WMO+Climate+Normals+for+PORTLAND+OR+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_IV%2FUS%2FGROUP4%2F72698.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA_BWI-107"><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_BWI_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715065816/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00024229&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL">"Station: PORTLAND INTL AP, OR"</a>. U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00024229&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL">the original</a> on July 15, 2023. Retrieved July 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Climate+Normals+2020%3A+U.S.+Monthly+Climate+Normals+%281991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.atitle=Station%3A+PORTLAND+INTL+AP%2C+OR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26stations%3DUSW00024229%26format%3Dpdf%26dataTypes%3DMLY-TMAX-NORMAL%2CMLY-TMIN-NORMAL%2CMLY-TAVG-NORMAL%2CMLY-PRCP-NORMAL%2CMLY-SNOW-NORMAL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewcomb2015" class="citation web cs1">Newcomb, Tim (August 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/g2136/portland-tillikum-crossing-bridge-no-cars/">"You Can't Drive Across This Gorgeous Bridge"</a>. Popular Mechanics. Retrieved January 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=You+Can%27t+Drive+Across+This+Gorgeous+Bridge&rft.date=2015-08-20&rft.aulast=Newcomb&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Ftechnology%2Finfrastructure%2Fg2136%2Fportland-tillikum-crossing-bridge-no-cars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://efiles.portlandoregon.gov/Record/2685610/">"Ordinance 61325: Street re-numbering report. Providing for renumbering of buildings and renaming of streets"</a>. Auditor of the City of Portland. February 28, 1933. Retrieved August 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ordinance+61325%3A+Street+re-numbering+report.+Providing+for+renumbering+of+buildings+and+renaming+of+streets.&rft.pub=Auditor+of+the+City+of+Portland&rft.date=1933-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fefiles.portlandoregon.gov%2FRecord%2F2685610%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wweek.com/news/2018/02/28/murmurs-portland-is-getting-a-sixth-quadrant/">"Murmurs: Portland Is Getting a Sixth Quadrant"</a>. Willamette Week. Retrieved November 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Willamette+Week&rft.atitle=Murmurs%3A+Portland+Is+Getting+a+Sixth+Quadrant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wweek.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F02%2F28%2Fmurmurs-portland-is-getting-a-sixth-quadrant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandmercury.com/visitors-guide-to-portland/2017/05/30/19054714/a-quick-peek-at-portlands-neighborhoods">"A Quick Peek at Portland's Neighborhoods"</a>. Portland Mercury. Retrieved November 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Portland+Mercury&rft.atitle=A+Quick+Peek+at+Portland%27s+Neighborhoods&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandmercury.com%2Fvisitors-guide-to-portland%2F2017%2F05%2F30%2F19054714%2Fa-quick-peek-at-portlands-neighborhoods&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReed,_Jackson2012" class="citation web cs1">Reed, Jackson (July 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://djcoregon.com/news/2012/07/16/perceptions-of-central-eastside-industrial-district-changing/">"Perceptions of Portland's east side changing"</a>. DJCOregon.com. Retrieved March 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perceptions+of+Portland%27s+east+side+changing&rft.pub=DJCOregon.com&rft.date=2012-07-16&rft.au=Reed%2C+Jackson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdjcoregon.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F07%2F16%2Fperceptions-of-central-eastside-industrial-district-changing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTempleton" class="citation web cs1">Templeton, Amelia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/news/article/portland-south-new-address-area/">"South Portland Becomes City's Newest Address Area"</a>. opb.org. Retrieved June 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opb.org&rft.atitle=South+Portland+Becomes+City%27s+Newest+Address+Area&rft.aulast=Templeton&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fportland-south-new-address-area%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://efiles.portlandoregon.gov/Record/12011415/">"Efiles – 188995 Eliminate leading zero addressing in the portion of SW Portland east of SW Naito Parkway amend Ordinance No. 61325 and PCC 24.75.10 ordinance (D/82139)"</a>. Efiles.portlandoregon.gov. June 6, 2018. Retrieved June 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Efiles+%E2%80%93+188995+Eliminate+leading+zero+addressing+in+the+portion+of+SW+Portland+east+of+SW+Naito+Parkway+amend+Ordinance+No.+61325+and+PCC+24.75.10+ordinance+%28D%2F82139%29&rft.pub=Efiles.portlandoregon.gov&rft.date=2018-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fefiles.portlandoregon.gov%2FRecord%2F12011415%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180302143957/http://www.koin.com/news/local/multnomah-county/portlands-6th-sextant-s-to-replace-some-sw-addresses/1001029081">"'South Portland' may be newest city destination"</a>. KOIN. March 1, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koin.com/news/local/multnomah-county/portlands-6th-sextant-s-to-replace-some-sw-addresses/1001029081">the original</a> on March 2, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27South+Portland%27+may+be+newest+city+destination&rft.pub=KOIN&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koin.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmultnomah-county%2Fportlands-6th-sextant-s-to-replace-some-sw-addresses%2F1001029081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwindler2020" class="citation web cs1">Swindler, Samantha (May 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2020/05/south-portland-is-officially-a-sextant-but-city-says-you-can-call-it-a-sixth-quadrant.html">"South Portland is officially a sextant, but city says you can call it a 'sixth quadrant'"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved September 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=South+Portland+is+officially+a+sextant%2C+but+city+says+you+can+call+it+a+%27sixth+quadrant%27&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.aulast=Swindler&rft.aufirst=Samantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2F2020%2F05%2Fsouth-portland-is-officially-a-sextant-but-city-says-you-can-call-it-a-sixth-quadrant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHottman,_Sara2013" class="citation web cs1">Hottman, Sara (May 17, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2013/05/new_pearl_district_affordable.html">"New Pearl District affordable apartment highlights misperception of neighborhood's wealth"</a>. Oregon Live. Retrieved September 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Live&rft.atitle=New+Pearl+District+affordable+apartment+highlights+misperception+of+neighborhood%27s+wealth&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft.au=Hottman%2C+Sara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2Findex.ssf%2F2013%2F05%2Fnew_pearl_district_affordable.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButler,_Grant2011" class="citation web cs1">Butler, Grant (September 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/mix/index.ssf/neighborhood-guide/nw-23rd-portland-dining-shopping.html">"Rediscover the north end of NW 23rd Avenue, where the vibe is more quirky than trendy"</a>. Oregon Live. Retrieved September 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Live&rft.atitle=Rediscover+the+north+end+of+NW+23rd+Avenue%2C+where+the+vibe+is+more+quirky+than+trendy&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.au=Butler%2C+Grant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fmix%2Findex.ssf%2Fneighborhood-guide%2Fnw-23rd-portland-dining-shopping.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoth,_Sara" class="citation web cs1">Roth, Sara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906043643/http://www.kgw.com/story/news/investigations/2015/09/01/changing-face-st-johns/71536812/">"The Changing Face of St. Johns"</a>. KGW. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kgw.com/story/news/investigations/2015/09/01/changing-face-st-johns/71536812/">the original</a> on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KGW&rft.atitle=The+Changing+Face+of+St.+Johns&rft.au=Roth%2C+Sara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kgw.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Finvestigations%2F2015%2F09%2F01%2Fchanging-face-st-johns%2F71536812%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Donnell1976" class="citation book cs1">O'Donnell, Terence (1976). Portland: A Historical Sketch and Guide. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society. p. 104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portland%3A+A+Historical+Sketch+and+Guide&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Oregon+Historical+Society&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=Terence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHewitt2017" class="citation web cs1">Hewitt, Lyndsey (September 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portlandtribune.com/pt/9-news/371837-255157-new-homeless-shelter-in-old-town-chinatown-sparks-old-debate">"New homeless shelter in Old Town/Chinatown sparks old debate"</a>. Retrieved March 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+homeless+shelter+in+Old+Town%2FChinatown+sparks+old+debate&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=Lyndsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportlandtribune.com%2Fpt%2F9-news%2F371837-255157-new-homeless-shelter-in-old-town-chinatown-sparks-old-debate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2015" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Brad (June 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2015/06/portland_approves_make_or_brea.html">"Portland approves 'make or break' South Waterfront deal with Zidell"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved March 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+approves+%27make+or+break%27+South+Waterfront+deal+with+Zidell&rft.date=2015-06-24&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2F2015%2F06%2Fportland_approves_make_or_brea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_SousaD'Souza2010" class="citation journal cs1">De Sousa, Christopher; D'Souza, Lily-Ann (2010). "South Waterfront District, Portland, OR: A Sustainable Brownfield Revitalization Best Practice". Sustainable Brownfields Consortium. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.593.1545">10.1.1.593.1545</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sustainable+Brownfields+Consortium&rft.atitle=South+Waterfront+District%2C+Portland%2C+OR%3A+A+Sustainable+Brownfield+Revitalization+Best+Practice&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.593.1545%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.aulast=De+Sousa&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=D%27Souza%2C+Lily-Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census.gov-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census.gov_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census.gov_124-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census.gov_124-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/portlandcityoregon/PST045222">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Portland city, Oregon"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts%3A+Portland+city%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fportlandcityoregon%2FPST045222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_125-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_125-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/portlandcityoregon">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Portland city, Oregon"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts%3A+Portland+city%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Fportlandcityoregon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-quickfacts.census.gov-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts.census.gov_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts.census.gov_126-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickfacts.census.gov_126-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120805115133/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html">"Portland (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau"</a>. Quickfacts.census.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html">the original</a> on August 5, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland+%28city%29+QuickFacts+from+the+US+Census+Bureau&rft.pub=Quickfacts.census.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F41%2F4159000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census1_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census1_127-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census1_127-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">"Oregon – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">the original</a> on August 12, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+%E2%80%93+Race+and+Hispanic+Origin+for+Selected+Cities+and+Other+Places%3A+Earliest+Census+to+1990&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0076%2Ftwps0076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120805115133/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html">"State & County QuickFacts"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html">the original</a> on August 5, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+%26+County+QuickFacts&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F41%2F4159000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maccoll-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maccoll_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-maccoll_130-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-maccoll_130-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacColl1979" class="citation book cs1">MacColl, E. Kimbark (1979). The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915–1950. Portland, Oregon: The Georgian Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9603408-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9603408-1-1"><bdi>978-0-9603408-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Growth+of+a+City%3A+Power+and+Politics+in+Portland%2C+Oregon+1915%E2%80%931950&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=The+Georgian+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-9603408-1-1&rft.aulast=MacColl&rft.aufirst=E.+Kimbark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevinson2008" class="citation book cs1">Levinson, Marc (2008). <a href="/wiki/The_Box:_How_the_Shipping_Container_Made_the_World_Smaller_and_the_World_Economy_Bigger" class="mw-redirect" title="The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger">The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13640-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13640-0"><bdi>978-0-691-13640-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Box%3A+How+the+Shipping+Container+Made+the+World+Smaller+and+the+World+Economy+Bigger&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13640-0&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> Related sources noted by Levinson: Journal of Negro History 65, no. 1 (1980): 27; Clyde W. Summers, "Admission Policies of Labor Unions", Quarterly Journal of Economics 61, no. 1 (1946): 98; Wilson, Dockers, p. 29. The Portland grain workers' case is mentioned in Charles P. Larrowe, Harry Bridges: The Rise and Fall of Radical Labor in the United States (New York, 1972), p. 368. 16. On Portland, see Pilcher, The Portland Longshoremen, p. 17; </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManagement_Information_Services2002" class="citation web cs1">Management Information Services (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307171009/http://www.pps.k12.or.us/depts/mis/enroll/current/EnrollxSchl95-03.pdf">"Abernethy Elementary School: Recent Enrollment Trends, 1995–96 through 2002–03"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Portland_Public_Schools_(Oregon)" title="Portland Public Schools (Oregon)">Portland Public Schools</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pps.k12.or.us/depts/mis/enroll/current/EnrollxSchl95-03.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 7, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abernethy+Elementary+School%3A+Recent+Enrollment+Trends%2C+1995%E2%80%9396+through+2002%E2%80%9303&rft.pub=Portland+Public+Schools&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Management+Information+Services&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pps.k12.or.us%2Fdepts%2Fmis%2Fenroll%2Fcurrent%2FEnrollxSchl95-03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"Community Facts: Portland, Oregon"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+Facts%3A+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwart2012" class="citation web cs1">Swart, Cornelius (January 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2012/01/the_asian_american_community_i.html">"Asian American community in east Portland's New Chinatown ponders the future"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved July 8, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Asian+American+community+in+east+Portland%27s+New+Chinatown+ponders+the+future&rft.date=2012-01-20&rft.aulast=Swart&rft.aufirst=Cornelius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F01%2Fthe_asian_american_community_i.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatv.org/VAP.html">"Vietnamese population by region: top metropolitan areas"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070818064844/http://www.vatv.org/VAP.html">Archived</a> August 18, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Vietnamese American Population. Retrieved January 7, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/portlandcityoregon">"QuickFacts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._census" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. census">U.S. census</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QuickFacts&rft.pub=U.S.+census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Fportlandcityoregon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/news/article/portland-oregon-census-tongan-population/%3foutputType=amp">"Portland's Fastest Ethnic Group Struggles to Be Counted"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon Public Broadcasting</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland%27s+Fastest+Ethnic+Group+Struggles+to+Be+Counted&rft.pub=Oregon+Public+Broadcasting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fportland-oregon-census-tongan-population%2F%253foutputType%3Damp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">"Oregon – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html">the original</a> on August 12, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+%E2%80%93+Race+and+Hispanic+Origin+for+Selected+Cities+and+Other+Places%3A+Earliest+Census+to+1990&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopulation%2Fwww%2Fdocumentation%2Ftwps0076%2Ftwps0076.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bh-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bh_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bh_139-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bh_139-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bh_139-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bh_139-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammond2009" class="citation news cs1">Hammond, Betsy (September 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/news/index.ssf/2009/01/in_a_changing_world_portland_r.html">"In a changing world, Portland remains overwhelmingly White"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved March 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=In+a+changing+world%2C+Portland+remains+overwhelmingly+White&rft.date=2009-09-30&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2009%2F01%2Fin_a_changing_world_portland_r.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WilsonE-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WilsonE_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WilsonE_140-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2004" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Ernest J (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nOGSAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA55">"page 55"</a>. Diversity and U.S. Foreign Policy: A Reader. Routledge. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135956998" title="Special:BookSources/978-1135956998"><bdi>978-1135956998</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=page+55&rft.btitle=Diversity+and+U.S.+Foreign+Policy%3A+A+Reader&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1135956998&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Ernest+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnOGSAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr-141"><a href="#cite_ref-npr_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTempleton" class="citation news cs1">Templeton, Amelia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/02/16/133748144/history-hinders-diversification-of-portland-ore">"History Hinders Diversification of Portland, Oregon : NPR"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved March 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=History+Hinders+Diversification+of+Portland%2C+Oregon+%3A+NPR&rft.aulast=Templeton&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2011%2F02%2F16%2F133748144%2Fhistory-hinders-diversification-of-portland-ore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-insiders-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-insiders_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-insiders_142-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDresbeck2011" class="citation book cs1">Dresbeck, Rachel (March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insidersguidetop07eddres/page/36">Insiders' Guide to Portland, Oregon</a> (7th ed.). Globe Pequot Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insidersguidetop07eddres/page/36">36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-6475-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-6475-4"><bdi>978-0-7627-6475-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Insiders%27+Guide+to+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pages=36&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot+Press&rft.date=2011-03&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-6475-4&rft.aulast=Dresbeck&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsidersguidetop07eddres%2Fpage%2F36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-frazier-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frazier_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-frazier_143-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-frazier_143-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-frazier_143-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrazierTettey-Fio2006" class="citation book cs1">Frazier, John W.; Tettey-Fio, Eugene L. (2006). Race, Ethnicity, and Place in a Changing America. Global Academic Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58684-264-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58684-264-2"><bdi>978-1-58684-264-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Place+in+a+Changing+America&rft.pub=Global+Academic+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-58684-264-2&rft.aulast=Frazier&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft.au=Tettey-Fio%2C+Eugene+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levitas2002-144"><a href="#cite_ref-Levitas2002_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevitas2002" class="citation book cs1">Levitas, Daniel (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/terroristnextdoo00levi">The Terrorist Next Door: The Militia Movement and the Radical Right</a>. New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-29105-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-29105-1"><bdi>978-0-312-29105-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Terrorist+Next+Door%3A+The+Militia+Movement+and+the+Radical+Right&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books%2FSt.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-312-29105-1&rft.aulast=Levitas&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fterroristnextdoo00levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoster2005" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Laura O. (March 22, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portlandhillwalk0000fost/page/239">Portland Hill Walks: Twenty Explorations in Parks and Neighborhoods</a>. Timber Press, Incorporated. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portlandhillwalk0000fost/page/239">239</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-692-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-692-7"><bdi>978-0-88192-692-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portland+Hill+Walks%3A+Twenty+Explorations+in+Parks+and+Neighborhoods&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=Timber+Press%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2005-03-22&rft.isbn=978-0-88192-692-7&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Laura+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fportlandhillwalk0000fost%2Fpage%2F239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaker2003" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Jeff (August 31, 2003). "Our Homegrown Hitlers". The Oregonian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Our+Homegrown+Hitlers&rft.date=2003-08-31&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ijpr.org/show/as-it-was/2019-02-18/as-it-was-roma-also-known-as-gypsies-reach-oregon-in-1890s">"As It Was: Roma, Also Known as Gypsies, Reach Oregon in 1890s"</a>. Jefferson Public Radio.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jefferson+Public+Radio&rft.atitle=As+It+Was%3A+Roma%2C+Also+Known+as+Gypsies%2C+Reach+Oregon+in+1890s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ijpr.org%2Fshow%2Fas-it-was%2F2019-02-18%2Fas-it-was-roma-also-known-as-gypsies-reach-oregon-in-1890s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandonline.com/portlandplan/index.cfm?a=297947&c=52639">"Latinos in Portland"</a>. The Portland Plan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Portland+Plan&rft.atitle=Latinos+in+Portland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandonline.com%2Fportlandplan%2Findex.cfm%3Fa%3D297947%26c%3D52639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/narratives/commerce-climate-and-community-a-history-of-portland-and-its-people/the-mature-distribution-center/ethnic-diversity-in-the-city/">"Commerce, Climate, and Community: A History of Portland and its People"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commerce%2C+Climate%2C+and+Community%3A+A+History+of+Portland+and+its+People&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonhistoryproject.org%2Fnarratives%2Fcommerce-climate-and-community-a-history-of-portland-and-its-people%2Fthe-mature-distribution-center%2Fethnic-diversity-in-the-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120805115133/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html">"US Census Bureau State & County"</a>. Quickfacts.census.gov. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/4159000.html">the original</a> on August 5, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Census+Bureau+State+%26+County&rft.pub=Quickfacts.census.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F41%2F4159000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pt_growth-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pt_growth_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pt_growth_151-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaw2008" class="citation news cs1">Law, Steve (May 29, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081206074247/http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=121200846357363500">"Metro takes long view of growth"</a>. Portland Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=121200846357363500">the original</a> on December 6, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Portland+Tribune&rft.atitle=Metro+takes+long+view+of+growth&rft.date=2008-05-29&rft.aulast=Law&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandtribune.com%2Fnews%2Fstory.php%3Fstory_id%3D121200846357363500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mod-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mod_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mod_152-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Data Center Results: Multnomah County, Oregon". Modern Language Association. 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Data+Center+Results%3A+Multnomah+County%2C+Oregon&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150926091323/https://www.travelportland.com/article/lgbt-history-in-portland/">"LGBT history in Portland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Travel_Portland" title="Travel Portland">Travel Portland</a>. August 20, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelportland.com/article/lgbt-history-in-portland/">the original</a> on September 26, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travel+Portland&rft.atitle=LGBT+history+in+Portland&rft.date=2013-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelportland.com%2Farticle%2Flgbt-history-in-portland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glapn.org/6020timeline.html">"Oregon Gay History Timeline"</a>. GLAPN. Retrieved September 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GLAPN&rft.atitle=Oregon+Gay+History+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glapn.org%2F6020timeline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nylgbt-155"><a href="#cite_ref-nylgbt_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeonhardt,_DavidCain_Miller,_Claire2015" class="citation news cs1">Leonhardt, David; Cain Miller, Claire (March 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/21/upshot/the-metro-areas-with-the-largest-and-smallest-gay-population.html">"The Metro Areas With the Largest, and Smallest, Gay Populations"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved September 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Metro+Areas+With+the+Largest%2C+and+Smallest%2C+Gay+Populations&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft.au=Leonhardt%2C+David&rft.au=Cain+Miller%2C+Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F03%2F21%2Fupshot%2Fthe-metro-areas-with-the-largest-and-smallest-gay-population.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACSGates-156"><a href="#cite_ref-ACSGates_156-0">^</a> Gary J. Gates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609015224/http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf">"Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on June 9, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Same-sex+Couples+and+the+Gay%2C+Lesbian%2C+Bisexual+Population%3A+New+Estimates+from+the+American+Community+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwilliamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FGates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> (2.07 MB). The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation Law and Public Policy, <a href="/wiki/UCLA_School_of_Law" title="UCLA School of Law">UCLA School of Law</a>, October 2006. Retrieved April 20, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRitchie,_Rachel2015" class="citation web cs1">Ritchie, Rachel (May 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdxmonthly.com/articles/2015/5/26/40-years-of-portland-pride-june-2015">"Looking Back on 40 Years of Portland Pride"</a>. PDX Monthly. Retrieved September 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PDX+Monthly&rft.atitle=Looking+Back+on+40+Years+of+Portland+Pride&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft.au=Ritchie%2C+Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdxmonthly.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F5%2F26%2F40-years-of-portland-pride-june-2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBinder,_Melissa2015" class="citation web cs1">Binder, Melissa (March 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/faith/2015/03/portland_unaffiliated.html">"Yes, Portland is America's most religiously unaffiliated metro. But who exactly are the 'nones'?"</a>. Oregon Live. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Live&rft.atitle=Yes%2C+Portland+is+America%27s+most+religiously+unaffiliated+metro.+But+who+exactly+are+the+%27nones%27%3F&rft.date=2015-03-18&rft.au=Binder%2C+Melissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Ffaith%2F2015%2F03%2Fportland_unaffiliated.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFottrell,_Quentin2015" class="citation web cs1">Fottrell, Quentin (March 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/this-is-the-most-godless-city-in-america-2015-03-24">"This is the most godless city in America"</a>. Market Watch. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Market+Watch&rft.atitle=This+is+the+most+godless+city+in+America&rft.date=2015-03-28&rft.au=Fottrell%2C+Quentin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fthis-is-the-most-godless-city-in-america-2015-03-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-random-160"><a href="#cite_ref-random_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dwellics.com/oregon/community-in-portland">"The Religion of People Living in Portland, Oregon"</a>. Dwellics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Religion+of+People+Living+in+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Dwellics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdwellics.com%2Foregon%2Fcommunity-in-portland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandoregon.gov/cbo/article/740406">"2019 Portland Insights Survey"</a>. City of Portland, Oregon. 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+Portland+Insights+Survey&rft.pub=City+of+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandoregon.gov%2Fcbo%2Farticle%2F740406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShepard2019" class="citation web cs1">Shepard, Katie (February 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wweek.com/news/2019/02/06/portlanders-call-911-to-report-unwanted-people-more-than-any-other-reason-we-listened-in/">"Portlanders Call 911 to Report "Unwanted" People More Than Any Other Reason. We Listened In"</a>. Willamette Week. Retrieved October 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Willamette+Week&rft.atitle=Portlanders+Call+911+to+Report+%22Unwanted%22+People+More+Than+Any+Other+Reason.+We+Listened+In.&rft.date=2019-02-06&rft.aulast=Shepard&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wweek.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F02%2F06%2Fportlanders-call-911-to-report-unwanted-people-more-than-any-other-reason-we-listened-in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChakraborty2019" class="citation web cs1">Chakraborty, Barnini (August 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/portland-residents-tell-elected-officials-to-stop-talking-and-fix-homelessness-crisis">"Portland residents, business owners want city officials to 'fix' homeless problem"</a>. Fox News. Retrieved October 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland+residents%2C+business+owners+want+city+officials+to+%27fix%27+homeless+problem&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2019-08-12&rft.aulast=Chakraborty&rft.aufirst=Barnini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2Fportland-residents-tell-elected-officials-to-stop-talking-and-fix-homelessness-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/article/2020/10/17/a-community-activist-challenges-portlands-incumbent-mayor-amid-protests-covid-19-and-a-racial-reckoning/">"A community activist challenges Portland's incumbent mayor amid protests, COVID-19 and a racial reckoning"</a>. opb. Retrieved October 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opb&rft.atitle=A+community+activist+challenges+Portland%27s+incumbent+mayor+amid+protests%2C+COVID-19+and+a+racial+reckoning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Farticle%2F2020%2F10%2F17%2Fa-community-activist-challenges-portlands-incumbent-mayor-amid-protests-covid-19-and-a-racial-reckoning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammond2022" class="citation web cs1">Hammond, Betsy (May 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2022/05/portlands-next-budget-flush-with-federal-cash-and-business-taxes-will-expand-and-add-programs-cut-almost-nothing.html">"Portland's next budget, flush with federal cash and business taxes, would expand and add programs, cut almost nothing"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved May 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland%27s+next+budget%2C+flush+with+federal+cash+and+business+taxes%2C+would+expand+and+add+programs%2C+cut+almost+nothing&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2F2022%2F05%2Fportlands-next-budget-flush-with-federal-cash-and-business-taxes-will-expand-and-add-programs-cut-almost-nothing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/article/2022/11/03/portland-leaders-approve-plan-to-ban-homeless-camping-set-up-large-sites/">"Portland leaders approve plan to ban homeless camping, create large government-sponsored shelters"</a>. opb.org. November 3, 2022. Retrieved December 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opb.org&rft.atitle=Portland+leaders+approve+plan+to+ban+homeless+camping%2C+create+large+government-sponsored+shelters&rft.date=2022-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Farticle%2F2022%2F11%2F03%2Fportland-leaders-approve-plan-to-ban-homeless-camping-set-up-large-sites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2009">"Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2009 (Table 6)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>. Retrieved October 12, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crime+in+the+United+States+by+Metropolitan+Statistical+Area%2C+2009+%28Table+6%29&rft.pub=FBI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fcjis%2Fucr%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s%2F2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation episode cs1">"Dope-landia". <a href="/wiki/Drugs,_Inc." title="Drugs, Inc.">Drugs, Inc.</a> Season 5. Episode 4. July 23, 2014. 44 minutes in. National Geographic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drugs%2C+Inc.&rft.series=Season+5.+Episode+4&rft.date=2014-07-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKATU_News2010" class="citation news cs1">KATU News (September 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501115630/http://www.katu.com/news/103648264.html">"Is Portland 'Pornland?' Nightline highlights city sex trade"</a>. KATU. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katu.com/news/103648264.html">the original</a> on May 1, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Is+Portland+%27Pornland%3F%27+Nightline+highlights+city+sex+trade&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft.au=KATU+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.katu.com%2Fnews%2F103648264.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kptv.com/2023/03/02/portland-is-5th-us-car-thefts/">"Portland is 5th in the US for car thefts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KPTV" title="KPTV">KPTV</a>. March 2, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Portland+is+5th+in+the+US+for+car+thefts&rft.date=2023-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kptv.com%2F2023%2F03%2F02%2Fportland-is-5th-us-car-thefts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koin.com/news/oregon/an-average-of-30-cars-are-stolen-every-day-in-portland/">"An average of 30 cars are stolen every day in Portland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KOIN" title="KOIN">KOIN</a>. April 12, 2023. Retrieved July 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+average+of+30+cars+are+stolen+every+day+in+Portland&rft.date=2023-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koin.com%2Fnews%2Foregon%2Fan-average-of-30-cars-are-stolen-every-day-in-portland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJarvie2023" class="citation web cs1">Jarvie, Jenny (February 10, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-02-10/whats-the-matter-with-portland-urban-ills-tests-citys-progressive-strain">"What's the matter with Portland? Shootings, theft and other crime test city's progressive strain"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+matter+with+Portland%3F+Shootings%2C+theft+and+other+crime+test+city%27s+progressive+strain&rft.date=2023-02-10&rft.aulast=Jarvie&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2023-02-10%2Fwhats-the-matter-with-portland-urban-ills-tests-citys-progressive-strain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/tables/table-6/table-6">"Table 6"</a>. FBI.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FBI&rft.atitle=Table+6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fucr.fbi.gov%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s%2F2017%2Fcrime-in-the-u.s.-2017%2Ftables%2Ftable-6%2Ftable-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230414063636/https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2023/01/portlands-101-homicides-in-2022-set-new-record-at-some-point-we-have-to-be-tired-of-burying-our-children.html">"Portland's 101 homicides in 2022 set new record: 'At some point, we have to be tired of burying our children'"</a>. The Oregonian. February 23, 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/crime/2023/01/portlands-101-homicides-in-2022-set-new-record-at-some-point-we-have-to-be-tired-of-burying-our-children.html/">the original</a> on April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland%27s+101+homicides+in+2022+set+new+record%3A+%27At+some+point%2C+we+have+to+be+tired+of+burying+our+children%27&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fcrime%2F2023%2F01%2Fportlands-101-homicides-in-2022-set-new-record-at-some-point-we-have-to-be-tired-of-burying-our-children.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koin.com/news/2017-in-review-homicides-in-portland/">"2017 in review: Homicides in Portland"</a>. KOIN.com. January 1, 2018. Retrieved March 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOIN.com&rft.atitle=2017+in+review%3A+Homicides+in+Portland&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koin.com%2Fnews%2F2017-in-review-homicides-in-portland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-citydata_economy-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citydata_economy_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-citydata_economy_176-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-citydata_economy_176-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-citydata_economy_176-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-West/Portland-Economy.html">"Portland: Economy – Major Industries and Commercial Activity"</a>. Retrieved June 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland%3A+Economy+%E2%80%93+Major+Industries+and+Commercial+Activity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city-data.com%2Fus-cities%2FThe-West%2FPortland-Economy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-answers_cg-177"><a href="#cite_ref-answers_cg_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/cascade-general-inc?cat=biz-fin">"Cascade General, Inc"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Answers.com" title="Answers.com">Answers.com</a>. Retrieved June 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Answers.com&rft.atitle=Cascade+General%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answers.com%2Ftopic%2Fcascade-general-inc%3Fcat%3Dbiz-fin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-portofportland_report-178"><a href="#cite_ref-portofportland_report_178-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130115174439/http://www.portofportland.com/PDFPOP/Portfolio_06_07.pdf">"Portfolio"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portofportland.com/PDFPOP/Portfolio_06_07.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 15, 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portfolio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portofportland.com%2FPDFPOP%2FPortfolio_06_07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/business/2023/07/schnitzer-steel-rebrands-as-radius-recycling.html">"Schnitzer Steel scraps name, rebrands as Radius Recycling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a>. July 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Schnitzer+Steel+scraps+name%2C+rebrands+as+Radius+Recycling&rft.date=2023-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fbusiness%2F2023%2F07%2Fschnitzer-steel-rebrands-as-radius-recycling.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/news/2023/09/esco-not-bailing-on-portland-has-leased-new-space-in-northwest-portland.html">"ESCO not bailing on Portland, has leased new space in Northwest Portland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a>. September 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=ESCO+not+bailing+on+Portland%2C+has+leased+new+space+in+Northwest+Portland&rft.date=2023-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F09%2Fesco-not-bailing-on-portland-has-leased-new-space-in-northwest-portland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aist.org/evraz-to-acquire-oregon-steel-mills-for-us$2-3-billion">"Evraz to Acquire Oregon Steel Mills for US$2.3 Billion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Iron_and_Steel_Technology" title="Association for Iron and Steel Technology">Association for Iron and Steel Technology</a>. November 21, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Association+for+Iron+and+Steel+Technology&rft.atitle=Evraz+to+Acquire+Oregon+Steel+Mills+for+US%242.3+Billion&rft.date=2006-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aist.org%2Fevraz-to-acquire-oregon-steel-mills-for-us%242-3-billion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-name-182"><a href="#cite_ref-name_182-0">^</a> Rogoway, Mike (April 9, 2006). Bizz blog: Silicon Forest. The Oregonian. </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGage2012" class="citation news cs1">Gage, Deborah (January 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2012/01/23/portland-makes-bid-to-become-budding-techlandia/">"Portland Makes Bid To Become Budding Techlandia"</a>. Venture Capital Dispatch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Venture+Capital+Dispatch&rft.atitle=Portland+Makes+Bid+To+Become+Budding+Techlandia&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft.aulast=Gage&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fventurecapital%2F2012%2F01%2F23%2Fportland-makes-bid-to-become-budding-techlandia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGregory2008" class="citation web cs1">Gregory, Roger (January 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.oregonlive.com/washingtoncounty/2008/01/top_chinese_shoemaker_opens_us.html">"Top Chinese shoemaker opens U.S. headquarters in Portland"</a> (January 21, 2008). The Oregonian. Retrieved September 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Top+Chinese+shoemaker+opens+U.S.+headquarters+in+Portland&rft.date=2008-01-21&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.oregonlive.com%2Fwashingtoncounty%2F2008%2F01%2Ftop_chinese_shoemaker_opens_us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuxbury2005" class="citation web cs1">Duxbury, Sarah (November 13, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2005/11/14/story4.html">"Footwear firm gives Bay Area the boot"</a>. San Francisco Business Times. Retrieved September 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Footwear+firm+gives+Bay+Area+the+boot&rft.date=2005-11-13&rft.aulast=Duxbury&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fsanfrancisco%2Fstories%2F2005%2F11%2F14%2Fstory4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrettman2010" class="citation web cs1">Brettman, Allan (October 10, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2010/10/hi-tec_moving_us_headquarters.html">"Hi-Tec moving U.S. headquarters to Portland"</a>. October 10, 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=October+10%2C+2010&rft.atitle=Hi-Tec+moving+U.S.+headquarters+to+Portland&rft.date=2010-10-10&rft.aulast=Brettman&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fbusiness%2Findex.ssf%2F2010%2F10%2Fhi-tec_moving_us_headquarters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrimoth2019" class="citation web cs1">Frimoth, Savanna (November 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snowpeak.com/blogs/explore/usa-flagship-and-headquarters?srsltid=AfmBOopbdQ-vJ_R79NkmA4Mcq5Ic-GADDrjiWHe2vYFOLqXVOC3UF0z2">"USA Flagship and Headquarters"</a>. Snow Peak. Retrieved March 8, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snow+Peak&rft.atitle=USA+Flagship+and+Headquarters&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft.aulast=Frimoth&rft.aufirst=Savanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snowpeak.com%2Fblogs%2Fexplore%2Fusa-flagship-and-headquarters%3Fsrsltid%3DAfmBOopbdQ-vJ_R79NkmA4Mcq5Ic-GADDrjiWHe2vYFOLqXVOC3UF0z2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chicago.suntimes.com/business/chicago-beer-most-breweries-us-cities-brewers-association/">"Chicago is home to more breweries than any other US city"</a>. Chicago Sun-Times. December 13, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun-Times&rft.atitle=Chicago+is+home+to+more+breweries+than+any+other+US+city&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchicago.suntimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fchicago-beer-most-breweries-us-cities-brewers-association%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MadeInPortland.org-189"><a href="#cite_ref-MadeInPortland.org_189-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://madeinportland.org/coffee">"Coffee made in Portland, Oregon"</a>. MadeInPortland.org. Retrieved September 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coffee+made+in+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=MadeInPortland.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmadeinportland.org%2Fcoffee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portland.gov/accounting/documents/2023-annual-comprehensive-financial-report/download">"2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report"</a>. City of Portland, Oregon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+Annual+Comprehensive+Financial+Report&rft.pub=City+of+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portland.gov%2Faccounting%2Fdocuments%2F2023-annual-comprehensive-financial-report%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/front-porch/index.ssf/2017/01/zillow_portland_area_leads_nat.html">"Zillow: Portland area leads nation in home-price increases, second in rent hikes"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved February 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Zillow%3A+Portland+area+leads+nation+in+home-price+increases%2C+second+in+rent+hikes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Ffront-porch%2Findex.ssf%2F2017%2F01%2Fzillow_portland_area_leads_nat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEastman2019" class="citation web cs1">Eastman, Janet (November 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/business/2019/11/portland-rents-are-holding-steady-with-two-bedroom-units-at-1337-a-month.html">"Portland rents are holding steady with two-bedroom units at $1,337 a month"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved October 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+rents+are+holding+steady+with+two-bedroom+units+at+%241%2C337+a+month&rft.date=2019-11-17&rft.aulast=Eastman&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fbusiness%2F2019%2F11%2Fportland-rents-are-holding-steady-with-two-bedroom-units-at-1337-a-month.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wweek.com/news/city/2017/08/02/sick-of-portland-changing-too-bad-here-are-7-places-where-this-city-could-soon-go-big/">"Sick of Portland Changing? Too Bad. Here Are 7 Places Where This City Could Soon Go Big"</a>. August 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sick+of+Portland+Changing%3F+Too+Bad.+Here+Are+7+Places+Where+This+City+Could+Soon+Go+Big&rft.date=2017-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wweek.com%2Fnews%2Fcity%2F2017%2F08%2F02%2Fsick-of-portland-changing-too-bad-here-are-7-places-where-this-city-could-soon-go-big%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/realestate/2019/12/portland-area-homebuyers-face-even-fewer-choices-as-prices-rise-25-over-last-year.html">"Portland-area homebuyers face even fewer choices as prices rise 2.5% over last year"</a>. December 23, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland-area+homebuyers+face+even+fewer+choices+as+prices+rise+2.5%25+over+last+year&rft.date=2019-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Frealestate%2F2019%2F12%2Fportland-area-homebuyers-face-even-fewer-choices-as-prices-rise-25-over-last-year.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wweek.com/news/2019/10/10/portlands-housing-crisis-would-be-a-lot-worse-if-so-many-20-and-30-somethings-werent-living-with-their-parents/">"Portland's Housing Crisis Would be a Lot Worse if So Many 20- and 30- Somethings Weren't Living with Their Parents"</a>. October 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland%27s+Housing+Crisis+Would+be+a+Lot+Worse+if+So+Many+20-+and+30-+Somethings+Weren%27t+Living+with+Their+Parents&rft.date=2019-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wweek.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F10%2F10%2Fportlands-housing-crisis-would-be-a-lot-worse-if-so-many-20-and-30-somethings-werent-living-with-their-parents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/report-80-percent-of-portland-short-term-rentals-not-legal/">"Audit: 80 percent of Portland's Airbnb-style rentals are illegal"</a>. The Seattle Times. Associated Press. August 8, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Audit%3A+80+percent+of+Portland%27s+Airbnb-style+rentals+are+illegal&rft.date=2018-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fnation-world%2Freport-80-percent-of-portland-short-term-rentals-not-legal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriendman2018" class="citation web cs1">Friendman, Gordon (August 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2018/08/80_percent_of_portland_airbnb-.html">"80 percent of Portland Airbnb-style rentals operate illegally, audit finds"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved September 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=80+percent+of+Portland+Airbnb-style+rentals+operate+illegally%2C+audit+finds&rft.date=2018-08-08&rft.aulast=Friendman&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2F2018%2F08%2F80_percent_of_portland_airbnb-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2009/11/latest_oregon_experience_chron.html">"Latest 'Oregon Experience' chronicles a violin teacher's legacy"</a>. The Oregonian. November 6, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Latest+%27Oregon+Experience%27+chronicles+a+violin+teacher%27s+legacy&rft.date=2009-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fmovies%2F2009%2F11%2Flatest_oregon_experience_chron.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRayburn,_AaronVickery,_Ben2013" class="citation web cs1">Rayburn, Aaron; Vickery, Ben (May 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2013/may/25/top-10-live-music-venues-portland-oregon">"Top 10 live music venues in Portland, Oregon"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved November 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Top+10+live+music+venues+in+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.date=2013-05-24&rft.au=Rayburn%2C+Aaron&rft.au=Vickery%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2013%2Fmay%2F25%2Ftop-10-live-music-venues-portland-oregon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEly" class="citation web cs1">Ely, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.louielouie.org/">"The Kingsmen Homepage"</a>. The Kingsmen Online. Retrieved December 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kingsmen+Homepage&rft.pub=The+Kingsmen+Online&rft.aulast=Ely&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.louielouie.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHann,_Michael2015" class="citation web cs1">Hann, Michael (January 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2015/jan/22/cult-heroes-wipers-greg-sage-punk-portland">"Cult heroes: Wipers – the sound of emptiness and dread"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved September 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cult+heroes%3A+Wipers+%E2%80%93+the+sound+of+emptiness+and+dread&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.au=Hann%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusicblog%2F2015%2Fjan%2F22%2Fcult-heroes-wipers-greg-sage-punk-portland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114011736/http://www.biography.com/print/profile/kurt-cobain-9542179">"Kurt Cobain"</a>. Biography.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/print/profile/kurt-cobain-9542179">the original</a> on January 14, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography.com&rft.atitle=Kurt+Cobain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fprint%2Fprofile%2Fkurt-cobain-9542179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-e_weeklykennedy-203"><a href="#cite_ref-e_weeklykennedy_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Kennedy, Dana (August 12, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/1994/08/12/courtney-love-comes-out-hiding/">"The Power of Love"</a>. Entertainment Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160709093133/http://www.ew.com/article/1994/08/12/courtney-love-comes-out-hiding">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+Love&rft.date=1994-08-12&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F1994%2F08%2F12%2Fcourtney-love-comes-out-hiding%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-e_true-204"><a href="#cite_ref-e_true_204-0">^</a> "Courtney Love". The E! True Hollywood Story. October 5, 2003. E!. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHughley,_Marty2011" class="citation web cs1">Hughley, Marty (February 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/music/index.ssf/2011/02/esperanza_spalding_didnt_come_out_of_the_blue.html">"Esperanza Spalding didn't come out of the blue to beat Justin Bieber at the Grammys – she came from Portland's jazz community"</a>. Oregon Live. Retrieved November 3, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Live&rft.atitle=Esperanza+Spalding+didn%27t+come+out+of+the+blue+to+beat+Justin+Bieber+at+the+Grammys+%E2%80%93+she+came+from+Portland%27s+jazz+community&rft.date=2011-02-11&rft.au=Hughley%2C+Marty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fmusic%2Findex.ssf%2F2011%2F02%2Fesperanza_spalding_didnt_come_out_of_the_blue.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFalsetto20151–29-206"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalsetto20151–29_206-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFalsetto2015">Falsetto 2015</a>, pp. 1–29. </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott,_Aaron2018" class="citation web cs1">Scott, Aaron (January 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/01/18/578887753/portlandia-is-ending-and-portlanders-are-ok-with-that">"'Portlandia' Is Ending, And Portlanders Are OK With That"</a>. NPR. Retrieved March 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Portlandia%27+Is+Ending%2C+And+Portlanders+Are+OK+With+That&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2018-01-18&rft.au=Scott%2C+Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F01%2F18%2F578887753%2Fportlandia-is-ending-and-portlanders-are-ok-with-that&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMike_Hsu2012" class="citation web cs1">Mike Hsu (September 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921124433/http://www.waaf.com/Talking-Portlandia-With-Fred-Armisen/11304434?pid=268536">"Talking Portlandia With Fred Armisen"</a>. WAAF Radio. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waaf.com/Talking-Portlandia-With-Fred-Armisen/11304434?pid=268536">the original</a> on September 21, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Talking+Portlandia+With+Fred+Armisen&rft.pub=WAAF+Radio&rft.date=2012-09-28&rft.au=Mike+Hsu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waaf.com%2FTalking-Portlandia-With-Fred-Armisen%2F11304434%3Fpid%3D268536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurnquist,_Kristi2013" class="citation web cs1">Turnquist, Kristi (March 21, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2013/03/mtv_goes_real_world_retro_in_r.html">"MTV goes 'Real World' retro in run-up to 'The Real World: Portland'"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved March 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=MTV+goes+%27Real+World%27+retro+in+run-up+to+%27The+Real+World%3A+Portland%27&rft.date=2013-03-21&rft.au=Turnquist%2C+Kristi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fmovies%2F2013%2F03%2Fmtv_goes_real_world_retro_in_r.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/tv/2018/03/tnt_cancels_portland-filmed_se.html">"TNT cancels Portland-filmed series, 'The Librarians'"</a>. The Oregonian. March 8, 2018. Retrieved March 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=TNT+cancels+Portland-filmed+series%2C+%27The+Librarians%27&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Ftv%2F2018%2F03%2Ftnt_cancels_portland-filmed_se.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurnquist,_Kristi2017" class="citation web cs1">Turnquist, Kristi (November 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/tv/2017/11/22_tv_series_set_in_oregon_ran.html">"23 TV series set in Oregon, ranked: Most memorable to totally forgettable"</a>. The Oregonian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=23+TV+series+set+in+Oregon%2C+ranked%3A+Most+memorable+to+totally+forgettable&rft.date=2017-11-22&rft.au=Turnquist%2C+Kristi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Ftv%2F2017%2F11%2F22_tv_series_set_in_oregon_ran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelportland.com/article/portland-brew-n-view-theaters/">"Portland brew 'n' view theaters"</a>. Travel Portland. July 26, 2013. Retrieved September 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travel+Portland&rft.atitle=Portland+brew+%27n%27+view+theaters&rft.date=2013-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelportland.com%2Farticle%2Fportland-brew-n-view-theaters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalahniuk200363–64-213"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalahniuk200363–64_213-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPalahniuk2003">Palahniuk 2003</a>, pp. 63–64. </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOgden,_Tom2010" class="citation book cs1">Ogden, Tom (2010). Haunted Hotels: Eerie Inns, Ghoulish Guests, and Creepy Caretakers. Globe Pequot Press. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0762756599" title="Special:BookSources/978-0762756599"><bdi>978-0762756599</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Haunted+Hotels%3A+Eerie+Inns%2C+Ghoulish+Guests%2C+and+Creepy+Caretakers&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Globe+Pequot+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0762756599&rft.au=Ogden%2C+Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hplfilmfestival.com/">"Lovecraft Film Festival Official site"</a>. Retrieved November 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lovecraft+Film+Festival+Official+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hplfilmfestival.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPitawanich,_Christine2017" class="citation web cs1">Pitawanich, Christine (December 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/fond-memories-aboard-uss-blueback-submarine-featured-at-omsi/500853963">"Fond memories aboard USS Blueback submarine featured at OMSI"</a>. KGW. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180402004854/http://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/fond-memories-aboard-uss-blueback-submarine-featured-at-omsi/500853963">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KGW&rft.atitle=Fond+memories+aboard+USS+Blueback+submarine+featured+at+OMSI&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft.au=Pitawanich%2C+Christine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kgw.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Ffond-memories-aboard-uss-blueback-submarine-featured-at-omsi%2F500853963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMohan,_Marc2013" class="citation web cs1">Mohan, Marc (September 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/movies/2013/09/change_projected_at_three_port.html">"Omnimax says goodbye; Bagdad goes first-run: Indie theater news"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Omnimax+says+goodbye%3B+Bagdad+goes+first-run%3A+Indie+theater+news&rft.date=2013-09-05&rft.au=Mohan%2C+Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fmovies%2F2013%2F09%2Fchange_projected_at_three_port.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnderson,_John_Gottberg2017" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, John Gottberg (August 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180402163207/http://www.bendbulletin.com/lifestyle/5520489-151/observatories-and-planetariums-within-a-days-drive-of">"Observatories and planetariums within a day's drive of Bend"</a>. The Bulletin. Bend, Oregon. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bendbulletin.com/lifestyle/5520489-151/observatories-and-planetariums-within-a-days-drive-of">the original</a> on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Observatories+and+planetariums+within+a+day%27s+drive+of+Bend&rft.date=2017-08-20&rft.au=Anderson%2C+John+Gottberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bendbulletin.com%2Flifestyle%2F5520489-151%2Fobservatories-and-planetariums-within-a-days-drive-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHale,_Jamie2016" class="citation web cs1">Hale, Jamie (May 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/travel/index.ssf/2016/05/portland_hiking_guide.html">"Portland hiking guide: The 20 best places to hike in the city"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved March 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+hiking+guide%3A+The+20+best+places+to+hike+in+the+city&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft.au=Hale%2C+Jamie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Ftravel%2Findex.ssf%2F2016%2F05%2Fportland_hiking_guide.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180402101845/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/museumday/venues/museum/oregon-history-museum/">"Oregon Historical Society Museum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/museumday/venues/museum/oregon-history-museum/">the original</a> on April 2, 2018. Retrieved March 31, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Oregon+Historical+Society+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fmuseumday%2Fvenues%2Fmuseum%2Foregon-history-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-beck-221"><a href="#cite_ref-beck_221-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeck,_Dana2012" class="citation web cs1">Beck, Dana (December 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portlandtribune.com/sb/75-features/125058-oaks-amusement-park-and-its-beginnings-">"Oaks Amusement Park, and its beginnings"</a>. The Bee. <a href="/wiki/Pamplin_Media_Group" title="Pamplin Media Group">Pamplin Media Group</a>. Retrieved July 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bee&rft.atitle=Oaks+Amusement+Park%2C+and+its+beginnings&rft.date=2012-12-20&rft.au=Beck%2C+Dana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportlandtribune.com%2Fsb%2F75-features%2F125058-oaks-amusement-park-and-its-beginnings-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/travel/ci_15975669">"A Few Favorite Portland Food Carts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Denver_Post" title="The Denver Post">The Denver Post</a>. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&rft.atitle=A+Few+Favorite+Portland+Food+Carts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2Ftravel%2Fci_15975669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrett_Burmeister2011" class="citation web cs1">Brett Burmeister (August 25, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150911000422/http://www.portlandpulp.com/food-wine/126032579.html">"Food carts for dessert"</a>. PortlandPulp. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandpulp.com/food-wine/126032579.html">the original</a> on September 11, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Food+carts+for+dessert&rft.pub=PortlandPulp&rft.date=2011-08-25&rft.au=Brett+Burmeister&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandpulp.com%2Ffood-wine%2F126032579.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrand2009" class="citation news cs1">Strand, Oliver (September 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/16/dining/reviews/16brief-001.html">"A Seductive Cup"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved October 15, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Seductive+Cup&rft.date=2009-09-16&rft.aulast=Strand&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F09%2F16%2Fdining%2Freviews%2F16brief-001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Facts_–_Oregon_Craft_Beer-225">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Facts_–_Oregon_Craft_Beer_225-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Facts_–_Oregon_Craft_Beer_225-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150227110857/http://oregoncraftbeer.org/facts/">"Facts – Oregon Craft Beer"</a>. OregonCraftBeer.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oregoncraftbeer.org/facts/">the original</a> on February 27, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facts+%E2%80%93+Oregon+Craft+Beer&rft.pub=OregonCraftBeer.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foregoncraftbeer.org%2Ffacts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brewersassociation.org/insights/brewery-growth-both-urban-and-rural/">"Brewery Growth is Both Urban and Rural"</a>. Brewers Association. December 10, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brewery+Growth+is+Both+Urban+and+Rural&rft.pub=Brewers+Association&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brewersassociation.org%2Finsights%2Fbrewery-growth-both-urban-and-rural%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoyston2008" class="citation news cs1">Foyston, John (July 29, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922011706/http://blog.oregonlive.com/thebeerhere/2008/07/2008_obf_biggest_ever_say_orga.html">"2008 OBF biggest ever"</a>. The Oregonian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.oregonlive.com/thebeerhere/2008/07/2008_obf_biggest_ever_say_orga.html">the original</a> on September 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=2008+OBF+biggest+ever&rft.date=2008-07-29&rft.aulast=Foyston&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.oregonlive.com%2Fthebeerhere%2F2008%2F07%2F2008_obf_biggest_ever_say_orga.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDistefano2005" class="citation news cs1">Distefano, Anne Marie (July 8, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081206074237/http://www.portlandtribune.com/features/story.php?story_id=30717">"Brewers, beer lovers get many reasons to raise a glass"</a>. Portland Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandtribune.com/features/story.php?story_id=30717">the original</a> on December 6, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Portland+Tribune&rft.atitle=Brewers%2C+beer+lovers+get+many+reasons+to+raise+a+glass&rft.date=2005-07-08&rft.aulast=Distefano&rft.aufirst=Anne+Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandtribune.com%2Ffeatures%2Fstory.php%3Fstory_id%3D30717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreilichSitkowskiMennilo2010134-229"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreilichSitkowskiMennilo2010134_229-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFreilichSitkowskiMennilo2010">Freilich, Sitkowski & Mennilo 2010</a>, p. 134. </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKate_Sheppard2007" class="citation web cs1">Kate Sheppard (July 19, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grist.org/article/cities3">"15 Green Cities"</a>. Environmental News and Commentary. Retrieved June 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+Green+Cities&rft.pub=Environmental+News+and+Commentary&rft.date=2007-07-19&rft.au=Kate+Sheppard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grist.org%2Farticle%2Fcities3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <cite><a href="/wiki/State_v._Henry" title="State v. Henry">State v. Henry</a></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1154439/state-v-henry/">732 P.2d 9</a> (Or. 1987). </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBusse2002" class="citation web cs1">Busse, Phil (November 7, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandmercury.com/portland/Content?oid=27886&category=22101">"Cover Yourself!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Portland_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="The Portland Mercury">The Portland Mercury</a>. Retrieved February 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Portland+Mercury&rft.atitle=Cover+Yourself%21&rft.date=2002-11-07&rft.aulast=Busse&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandmercury.com%2Fportland%2FContent%3Foid%3D27886%26category%3D22101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrockett,_Zachary2015" class="citation web cs1">Crockett, Zachary (June 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://priceonomics.com/why-does-portland-have-so-many-strip-clubs/">"Why Does Portland Have so Many Strip Clubs?"</a>. Priceonomics. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Priceonomics&rft.atitle=Why+Does+Portland+Have+so+Many+Strip+Clubs%3F&rft.date=2015-06-17&rft.au=Crockett%2C+Zachary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpriceonomics.com%2Fwhy-does-portland-have-so-many-strip-clubs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090122082145/http://www.katu.com/news/local/34445764.html">"Judge: riding in the buff is 'tradition,' man cleared"</a>. KATU. Associated Press. November 21, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.katu.com/news/local/34445764.html">the original</a> on January 22, 2009. Retrieved December 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Judge%3A+riding+in+the+buff+is+%27tradition%2C%27+man+cleared&rft.date=2008-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.katu.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F34445764.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507093646/http://www.shift2bikes.org/cal/viewpp2008.php">"Pedalpalooza"</a>. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shift2bikes.org/cal/viewpp2008.php">the original</a> on May 7, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pedalpalooza&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshift2bikes.org%2Fcal%2Fviewpp2008.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCamila_Domonoske2016" class="citation news cs1">Camila Domonoske (November 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/11/501685976/anti-trump-protest-in-portland-ore-turns-destructive-declared-a-riot">"Anti-Trump Protest in Portland, Ore., Turns Destructive, Declared a Riot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved November 12, 2016. <q>Later in the evening, what appeared to be a small subgroup of self-described anarchists began to damage cars at a Toyota dealership and ignite fireworks, before moving through the Pearl District and damaging several businesses.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Anti-Trump+Protest+in+Portland%2C+Ore.%2C+Turns+Destructive%2C+Declared+a+Riot&rft.date=2016-11-11&rft.au=Camila+Domonoske&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2016%2F11%2F11%2F501685976%2Fanti-trump-protest-in-portland-ore-turns-destructive-declared-a-riot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPattiz2022" class="citation web cs1">Pattiz, Will (October 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://embracesomeplace.com/portland-protests-through-photos/">"Portland Protests Photos: What's Really Going on from a Local Portlander"</a>. EMBRACE SOMEPLACE. Retrieved October 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EMBRACE+SOMEPLACE&rft.atitle=Portland+Protests+Photos%3A+What%27s+Really+Going+on+from+a+Local+Portlander&rft.date=2022-10-05&rft.aulast=Pattiz&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fembracesomeplace.com%2Fportland-protests-through-photos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oregonian-Art-238">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oregonian-Art_238-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oregonian-Art_238-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRogoway2011" class="citation news cs1">Rogoway, Mike (March 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/siliconforest/2011/03/art_app.html">"New, free iPhone app maps public art around Portland"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved November 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=New%2C+free+iPhone+app+maps+public+art+around+Portland&rft.date=2011-03-02&rft.aulast=Rogoway&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fsiliconforest%2F2011%2F03%2Fart_app.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicartarchive.org/collections/Regional-Arts---Culture-Council-Permanently-Sited">"Regional Arts & Culture Council – Permanently Sited"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_Art_Archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public Art Archive (page does not exist)">Public Art Archive</a>. Retrieved November 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Arts+%26+Culture+Council+%E2%80%93+Permanently+Sited&rft.pub=Public+Art+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicartarchive.org%2Fcollections%2FRegional-Arts---Culture-Council-Permanently-Sited&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerry2017" class="citation news cs1">Perry, Douglas (February 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/trending/2017/02/a_disappearing_president_the_r.html">"A disappearing president, the real face of 'Portlandia': The fascinating history of 25 Portland public-art gems"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved November 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=A+disappearing+president%2C+the+real+face+of+%27Portlandia%27%3A+The+fascinating+history+of+25+Portland+public-art+gems&rft.date=2017-02-24&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Ftrending%2F2017%2F02%2Fa_disappearing_president_the_r.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoden-Vencil2020" class="citation news cs1">Foden-Vencil, Kristian (December 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opb.org/article/2020/12/28/portland-oregon-statues-protest-black-lives-matter-elk/">"Some of Portland's most prominent public art tumbled this year. Which ones should come back?"</a>. Oregon Public Broadcasting. Retrieved November 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Some+of+Portland%27s+most+prominent+public+art+tumbled+this+year.+Which+ones+should+come+back%3F&rft.date=2020-12-28&rft.aulast=Foden-Vencil&rft.aufirst=Kristian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opb.org%2Farticle%2F2020%2F12%2F28%2Fportland-oregon-statues-protest-black-lives-matter-elk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211055535/http://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2015-12-06-columbus-crew-sc-vs-portland-timbers/recap">"Columbus Crew SC 1, Portland Timbers 2 MLS Cup Match Recap"</a>. mlssoccer.com. December 6, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://matchcenter.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2015-12-06-columbus-crew-sc-vs-portland-timbers/recap/">the original</a> on December 11, 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Columbus+Crew+SC+1%2C+Portland+Timbers+2+MLS+Cup+Match+Recap&rft.pub=mlssoccer.com&rft.date=2015-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmatchcenter.mlssoccer.com%2Fmatchcenter%2F2015-12-06-columbus-crew-sc-vs-portland-timbers%2Frecap%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeyer2003" class="citation web cs1">Neyer, Rob (August 21, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/columns/story?columnist=neyer_rob&id=1600284">"Though not perfect, Portland is a viable city for baseball"</a>. ESPN. Retrieved January 6, 2009. <q>Portland is the largest metropolitan area with just one major professional sports team (the Trail Blazers).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Though+not+perfect%2C+Portland+is+a+viable+city+for+baseball&rft.pub=ESPN&rft.date=2003-08-21&rft.aulast=Neyer&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fcolumns%2Fstory%3Fcolumnist%3Dneyer_rob%26id%3D1600284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/expo/news/erry-2018/12/722c420c1e1332/portland-diamond-project-looki.html">"Portland Diamond Project, looking to build baseball stadium buzz, opens pop-up store"</a>. December 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland+Diamond+Project%2C+looking+to+build+baseball+stadium+buzz%2C+opens+pop-up+store&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fexpo%2Fnews%2Ferry-2018%2F12%2F722c420c1e1332%2Fportland-diamond-project-looki.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOregonian/OregonLiveOregonian/OregonLive2024" class="citation web cs1">Oregonian/OregonLive, Shane Dixon Kavanaugh | The; Oregonian/OregonLive, Jonathan Bach | The (September 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2024/09/portland-diamond-project-says-it-has-agreement-for-baseball-stadium-at-south-waterfront-site.html">"Portland Diamond Project says it has agreement for baseball stadium at South Waterfront site"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved September 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+Diamond+Project+says+it+has+agreement+for+baseball+stadium+at+South+Waterfront+site&rft.date=2024-09-24&rft.aulast=Oregonian%2FOregonLive&rft.aufirst=Shane+Dixon+Kavanaugh+%7C+The&rft.au=Oregonian%2FOregonLive%2C+Jonathan+Bach+%7C+The&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2F2024%2F09%2Fportland-diamond-project-says-it-has-agreement-for-baseball-stadium-at-south-waterfront-site.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wnba.com/portland">"Portland"</a>. wnba.com. Retrieved September 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wnba.com&rft.atitle=Portland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnba.com%2Fportland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/portland-trail-blazers-history/">"History of Portland Trail Blazers"</a>. fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved March 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Portland+Trail+Blazers&rft.pub=fundinguniverse.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundinguniverse.com%2Fcompany-histories%2Fportland-trail-blazers-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/soccer/planet-futbol/2014/03/14/2014-mls-ambition-rankings-toronto-fc-leiweke-bradley-defoe-dempsey">"2014 MLS Ambition Rankings"</a>. Sports Illustrated. March 14, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=2014+MLS+Ambition+Rankings&rft.date=2014-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fsoccer%2Fplanet-futbol%2F2014%2F03%2F14%2F2014-mls-ambition-rankings-toronto-fc-leiweke-bradley-defoe-dempsey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/timbers/index.ssf/2013/11/the_home_field_is_a_real_advan.html">"For the Portland Timbers, home field is a real advantage"</a>. The Oregonion. November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonion&rft.atitle=For+the+Portland+Timbers%2C+home+field+is+a+real+advantage&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Ftimbers%2Findex.ssf%2F2013%2F11%2Fthe_home_field_is_a_real_advan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMerz2015" class="citation news cs1">Merz, Craig (December 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160208213148/http://koin.com/2015/12/06/portland-timbers-columbus-crew-mls-title-game-12062015/">"Champs! Timbers beat Columbus, win first-ever MLS Cup"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KOIN" title="KOIN">KOIN</a>. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koin.com/2015/12/06/portland-timbers-columbus-crew-mls-title-game-12062015/">the original</a> on February 8, 2016. Retrieved February 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Champs%21+Timbers+beat+Columbus%2C+win+first-ever+MLS+Cup&rft.date=2015-12-06&rft.aulast=Merz&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkoin.com%2F2015%2F12%2F06%2Fportland-timbers-columbus-crew-mls-title-game-12062015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandclassic.com">"Cambia Portland Classic"</a>. portlandclassic.com. Retrieved September 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cambia+Portland+Classic&rft.pub=portlandclassic.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandclassic.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Dome backers saddened but note idea gaining". The Oregonian. November 5, 1964. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Dome+backers+saddened+but+note+idea+gaining&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1964-11-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSgobba2019" class="citation web cs1">Sgobba, C (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.runnersworld.com/news/a29432537/nike-shuts-down-oregon-project/">"After Salazar Ban, Nike Shuts Down Oregon Project"</a>. Runner's World.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Runner%27s+World&rft.atitle=After+Salazar+Ban%2C+Nike+Shuts+Down+Oregon+Project&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Sgobba&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.runnersworld.com%2Fnews%2Fa29432537%2Fnike-shuts-down-oregon-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/finder/index.cfm?action=ViewPark&PropertyID=1110">"Normandale Park – Erv Lind Stadium"</a>. portlandoregon.gov. Retrieved September 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normandale+Park+%E2%80%93+Erv+Lind+Stadium&rft.pub=portlandoregon.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandoregon.gov%2Fparks%2Ffinder%2Findex.cfm%3Faction%3DViewPark%26PropertyID%3D1110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portland.gov/transportation/walking-biking-transit-safety/biking-portland/events/past">"Past Events: Biking in Portland"</a>. portland.gov. May 4, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=portland.gov&rft.atitle=Past+Events%3A+Biking+in+Portland&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portland.gov%2Ftransportation%2Fwalking-biking-transit-safety%2Fbiking-portland%2Fevents%2Fpast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelportland.com/events/biking-events/">"Biking Events"</a>. Travel Portland. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travel+Portland&rft.atitle=Biking+Events&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelportland.com%2Fevents%2Fbiking-events%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaus2022" class="citation web cs1">Maus, Jonathan (August 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bikeportland.org/2022/08/03/bike-racing-will-return-to-downtown-portland-thanks-to-mayor-wheeler-360829">"Bike racing will return to downtown Portland, thanks to Mayor Wheeler"</a>. Bike Portland. Retrieved November 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bike+Portland&rft.atitle=Bike+racing+will+return+to+downtown+Portland%2C+thanks+to+Mayor+Wheeler&rft.date=2022-08-03&rft.aulast=Maus&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbikeportland.org%2F2022%2F08%2F03%2Fbike-racing-will-return-to-downtown-portland-thanks-to-mayor-wheeler-360829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorical2019" class="citation news cs1">Morical, Mark (October 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bendbulletin.com/sports/cyclocross-draws-a-crowd/article_63acf4a9-d603-5d08-a765-ee0a7dca1e29.html">"Cyclocross draws a crowd"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Bulletin_(Bend)" title="The Bulletin (Bend)">The Bulletin (Bend)</a>. Retrieved January 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bulletin+%28Bend%29&rft.atitle=Cyclocross+draws+a+crowd&rft.date=2019-10-29&rft.aulast=Morical&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bendbulletin.com%2Fsports%2Fcyclocross-draws-a-crowd%2Farticle_63acf4a9-d603-5d08-a765-ee0a7dca1e29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStreeter2025" class="citation news cs1">Streeter, Isaac (February 5, 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandtribune.com/sports/a-new-way-of-doing-things-introducing-the-bangers-portlands-newest-soccer-team/article_970977a2-e3f7-11ef-9c84-1b2d6f945408.html">"'A new way of doing things:' Introducing the Bangers, Portland's newest soccer team"</a>. Portland Tribune. Retrieved February 7, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Portland+Tribune&rft.atitle=%27A+new+way+of+doing+things%3A%27+Introducing+the+Bangers%2C+Portland%27s+newest+soccer+team&rft.date=2025-02-05&rft.aulast=Streeter&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandtribune.com%2Fsports%2Fa-new-way-of-doing-things-introducing-the-bangers-portlands-newest-soccer-team%2Farticle_970977a2-e3f7-11ef-9c84-1b2d6f945408.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonmetro.gov/public-projects/parks-and-nature-investments/bond-measures">"Parks and nature investments"</a>. OregonMetro.Gov. Retrieved October 31, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OregonMetro.Gov&rft.atitle=Parks+and+nature+investments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonmetro.gov%2Fpublic-projects%2Fparks-and-nature-investments%2Fbond-measures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHouck" class="citation web cs1">Houck, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928071519/http://www.audubonportland.org/conservation_advocacy/urbanconservation/metro_greenspaces">"Metropolitan Greenspaces: A Grassroots Perspective"</a>. Audubon Society of Portland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audubonportland.org/conservation_advocacy/urbanconservation/metro_greenspaces">the original</a> on September 28, 2007. Retrieved November 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+Greenspaces%3A+A+Grassroots+Perspective&rft.pub=Audubon+Society+of+Portland&rft.aulast=Houck&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audubonportland.org%2Fconservation_advocacy%2Furbanconservation%2Fmetro_greenspaces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandonline.com/parks/finder/index.cfm?action=ViewPark&PropertyID=275">"Mount Tabor Park"</a>. Portland Parks & Recreation. Retrieved November 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mount+Tabor+Park&rft.pub=Portland+Parks+%26+Recreation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandonline.com%2Fparks%2Ffinder%2Findex.cfm%3Faction%3DViewPark%26PropertyID%3D275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKorn,_Peter2006" class="citation news cs1">Korn, Peter (July 18, 2006). "Forest Park Fallacy: Boosters' Claim of 'Largest Forested City Park' Is Long Outdated". Portland Tribune. Pamplin Media Group.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Portland+Tribune&rft.atitle=Forest+Park+Fallacy%3A+Boosters%27+Claim+of+%27Largest+Forested+City+Park%27+Is+Long+Outdated&rft.date=2006-07-18&rft.au=Korn%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/finder/index.cfm?action=ViewPark&PropertyID=447&searchtext=park%20blocks">"North Park Blocks"</a>. The City of Portland, Oregon. Retrieved May 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+City+of+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.atitle=North+Park+Blocks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandoregon.gov%2Fparks%2Ffinder%2Findex.cfm%3Faction%3DViewPark%26PropertyID%3D447%26searchtext%3Dpark%2520blocks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/finder/index.cfm?action=ViewPark&PropertyID=674&searchtext=park%20blocks">"South Park Blocks"</a>. The City of Portland, Oregon. Retrieved May 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+City+of+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.atitle=South+Park+Blocks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandoregon.gov%2Fparks%2Ffinder%2Findex.cfm%3Faction%3DViewPark%26PropertyID%3D674%26searchtext%3Dpark%2520blocks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/finder/index.cfm?action=ViewFile&PolPdfsID=328&/Waterfront%20Park%20Master%20Plan.pdf">"Waterfront Park Master Plan"</a> (PDF). Portland, Oregon. p. 54. Retrieved May 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.atitle=Waterfront+Park+Master+Plan&rft.pages=54&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandoregon.gov%2Fparks%2Ffinder%2Findex.cfm%3Faction%3DViewFile%26PolPdfsID%3D328%26%2FWaterfront%2520Park%2520Master%2520Plan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDougherty2009" class="citation news cs1">Dougherty, Conor (July 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204119704574238073660408040">"Skateboarding Capital of the World"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 31, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Skateboarding+Capital+of+the+World&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052970204119704574238073660408040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Theen_|_The_Oregonian/OregonLive2015" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Theen | The Oregonian/OregonLive (February 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/portland/2015/02/no_smoking_allowed_portland_ci.html">"No smoking allowed: Portland City Council approves smoking ban for city parks, nature areas"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved August 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=No+smoking+allowed%3A+Portland+City+Council+approves+smoking+ban+for+city+parks%2C+nature+areas&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft.au=Andrew+Theen+%7C+The+Oregonian%2FOregonLive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2F2015%2F02%2Fno_smoking_allowed_portland_ci.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portland.gov/transition/news/2022/11/9/portland-voters-approve-charter-reform-city-launches-transition">"Portland voters approve charter reform, city launches transition | Portland.gov"</a>. www.portland.gov. November 9, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221109171124/https://www.portland.gov/transition/news/2022/11/9/portland-voters-approve-charter-reform-city-launches-transition">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.portland.gov&rft.atitle=Portland+voters+approve+charter+reform%2C+city+launches+transition+%7C+Portland.gov&rft.date=2022-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portland.gov%2Ftransition%2Fnews%2F2022%2F11%2F9%2Fportland-voters-approve-charter-reform-city-launches-transition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandoregon.gov/civic/28363">"Inside Civic Life | The City of Portland, Oregon"</a>. portlandoregon.gov. Retrieved March 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=portlandoregon.gov&rft.atitle=Inside+Civic+Life+%7C+The+City+of+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandoregon.gov%2Fcivic%2F28363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trimet.org/about/security.htm">"Security on TriMet"</a>. trimet.org. Retrieved January 24, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trimet.org&rft.atitle=Security+on+TriMet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrimet.org%2Fabout%2Fsecurity.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061110032321/http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/oregonian/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fportland_news%2F1160432721261470.xml&coll=7">"Pioneer courthouse's bare earth will soon sprout native plants"</a>. The Oregonian. October 12, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/portland_news/1160432721261470.xml&coll=7">the original</a> on November 10, 2006. Retrieved January 21, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Pioneer+courthouse%27s+bare+earth+will+soon+sprout+native+plants&rft.date=2006-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2Foregonian%2Findex.ssf%3F%2Fbase%2Fportland_news%2F1160432721261470.xml%26coll%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCaballero,_Mary_Hull" class="citation web cs1">Caballero, Mary Hull. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandonline.com/Auditor/Index.cfm?a=9178&c=27481">"City Government Structure"</a>. Portland Online. Retrieved October 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portland+Online&rft.atitle=City+Government+Structure&rft.au=Caballero%2C+Mary+Hull&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandonline.com%2FAuditor%2FIndex.cfm%3Fa%3D9178%26c%3D27481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131229022748/https://gov.oregonlive.com/election/2012/Multnomah/">"Oregon 2012 Election Results for Multnomah County"</a>. The Oregonian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.oregonlive.com/election/2012/Multnomah/">the original</a> on December 29, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Oregon+2012+Election+Results+for+Multnomah+County&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgov.oregonlive.com%2Felection%2F2012%2FMultnomah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> Mary Judetz, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2008581877_portlandmayor02m.html">Portland: Largest U.S. city with openly gay mayor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117051513/http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2008581877_portlandmayor02m.html">Archived</a> January 17, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (January 2, 2009). Associated Press. The Seattle Times. Retrieved January 11, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=2004&off=60&elect=0&fips=41&f=0">"Oregon Measure 36 Results by County"</a>. Uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved October 16, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+Measure+36+Results+by+County&rft.pub=Uselectionatlas.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uselectionatlas.org%2FRESULTS%2Fstate.php%3Fyear%3D2004%26off%3D60%26elect%3D0%26fips%3D41%26f%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACLU20050428-277"><a href="#cite_ref-ACLU20050428_277-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101025081430/http://aclu-or.org/content/fbis-joint-terrorism-task-force">"FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force"</a>. ACLU Oregon. April 28, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aclu-or.org/content/fbis-joint-terrorism-task-force">the original</a> on October 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FBI%27s+Joint+Terrorism+Task+Force&rft.pub=ACLU+Oregon&rft.date=2005-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aclu-or.org%2Fcontent%2Ffbis-joint-terrorism-task-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WashExam20101128BY-278"><a href="#cite_ref-WashExam20101128BY_278-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130522114907/http://www.sfexaminer.com/blogs/beltway-confidential/2010/11/politically-correct-portland-rejected-feds-who-saved-city-terrori">"Politically correct Portland rejected feds who saved city from terrorist attack"</a>. San Francisco Examiner. November 28, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfexaminer.com/blogs/beltway-confidential/2010/11/politically-correct-portland-rejected-feds-who-saved-city-terrori">the original</a> on May 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Examiner&rft.atitle=Politically+correct+Portland+rejected+feds+who+saved+city+from+terrorist+attack&rft.date=2010-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfexaminer.com%2Fblogs%2Fbeltway-confidential%2F2010%2F11%2Fpolitically-correct-portland-rejected-feds-who-saved-city-terrori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt,_Brad2015" class="citation web cs1">Schmidt, Brad (February 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2015/02/after_10-year_hiatus_portland.html">"After 10-year hiatus, Portland OKs cops for FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved September 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=After+10-year+hiatus%2C+Portland+OKs+cops+for+FBI%27s+Joint+Terrorism+Task+Force&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Brad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2Findex.ssf%2F2015%2F02%2Fafter_10-year_hiatus_portland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://multco.us/file/35875/download">"District Voter Counts"</a>. Multnomah County. January 6, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Multnomah+County&rft.atitle=District+Voter+Counts&rft.date=2022-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmultco.us%2Ffile%2F35875%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/outdoors/index.ssf/2009/09/the_40-mile_loop_more_than_a_b_1.html">"The 40-Mile Loop: More than a bike trail, and more than 40 miles"</a>. The Oregonian. September 30, 2009. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=The+40-Mile+Loop%3A+More+than+a+bike+trail%2C+and+more+than+40+miles&rft.date=2009-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Foutdoors%2Findex.ssf%2F2009%2F09%2Fthe_40-mile_loop_more_than_a_b_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-smartplan-282"><a href="#cite_ref-smartplan_282-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306011023/http://www.innobriefs.com/editor/20030423smartgrowth.html">"The 'Smart Growth' Debate Continues"</a>. Urban Mobility Corporation. May–June 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.innobriefs.com/editor/20030423smartgrowth.html">the original</a> on March 6, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%27Smart+Growth%27+Debate+Continues&rft.pub=Urban+Mobility+Corporation&rft.date=2003-05%2F2003-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.innobriefs.com%2Feditor%2F20030423smartgrowth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080306050645/http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/hotproperty/archives/2007/10/how_houston_get.html">"How Houston gets along without zoning – BusinessWeek"</a>. Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/hotproperty/archives/2007/10/how_houston_get.html">the original</a> on March 6, 2008. Retrieved October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Businessweek&rft.atitle=How+Houston+gets+along+without+zoning+%E2%80%93+BusinessWeek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fthe_thread%2Fhotproperty%2Farchives%2F2007%2F10%2Fhow_houston_get.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas2003" class="citation news cs1">Thomas, Sherry (October 30, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116141557/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/cityguides/houston/2003-10-07-spotlight-zoning_x.htm">"Houston: A city without zoning"</a>. USA Today. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/cityguides/houston/2003-10-07-spotlight-zoning_x.htm">the original</a> on January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Houston%3A+A+city+without+zoning&rft.date=2003-10-30&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Fcityguides%2Fhouston%2F2003-10-07-spotlight-zoning_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReinhold,_Robert1986" class="citation news cs1">Reinhold, Robert (August 17, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DEFDB103FF934A2575BC0A960948260">"Focus Houston; A Fresh Approach To Zoning"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Focus+Houston%3B+A+Fresh+Approach+To+Zoning&rft.date=1986-08-17&rft.au=Reinhold%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9A0DEFDB103FF934A2575BC0A960948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchadewald2006" class="citation news cs1">Schadewald, Bill (April 9, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/stories/2006/04/10/editorial1.html">"The only major U.S. city without zoning"</a>. Houston Business Journal. Retrieved October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=The+only+major+U.S.+city+without+zoning&rft.date=2006-04-09&rft.aulast=Schadewald&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fhouston%2Fstories%2F2006%2F04%2F10%2Feditorial1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-metro_ugb-287">^ <a href="#cite_ref-metro_ugb_287-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-metro_ugb_287-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonmetro.gov/index.cfm/go/by.web/id/277">"Urban growth boundary"</a>. Metro. Retrieved February 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Urban+growth+boundary&rft.pub=Metro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonmetro.gov%2Findex.cfm%2Fgo%2Fby.web%2Fid%2F277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregon.gov/LCD/Pages/goals.aspx">"Statewide Planning Goals"</a>. Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Department+of+Land+Conservation+and+Development&rft.atitle=Statewide+Planning+Goals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregon.gov%2FLCD%2FPages%2Fgoals.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors197.html">"Comprehensive Land Use Planning Coordination"</a>. Legislative Counsel Committee of the Oregon Legislative Assembly. Retrieved January 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislative+Counsel+Committee+of+the+Oregon+Legislative+Assembly&rft.atitle=Comprehensive+Land+Use+Planning+Coordination&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlegislature.gov%2Fbills_laws%2Fors%2Fors197.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ssp_portland-290"><a href="#cite_ref-ssp_portland_290-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=29">"Portland – SkyscraperPage"</a>. Retrieved June 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland+%E2%80%93+SkyscraperPage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskyscraperpage.com%2Fcities%2F%3FcityID%3D29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKorfhage,_Matthew2017" class="citation web cs1">Korfhage, Matthew (August 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wweek.com/restaurants/2017/08/22/portland-once-had-a-thriving-little-italy-what-the-hell-happened/">"Portland Once Had a Thriving Little Italy – What the Hell Happened?"</a>. Willamette Week. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Willamette+Week&rft.atitle=Portland+Once+Had+a+Thriving+Little+Italy+%E2%80%93+What+the+Hell+Happened%3F&rft.date=2017-08-22&rft.au=Korfhage%2C+Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wweek.com%2Frestaurants%2F2017%2F08%2F22%2Fportland-once-had-a-thriving-little-italy-what-the-hell-happened%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-topgreen-292">^ <a href="#cite_ref-topgreen_292-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-topgreen_292-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHogdson,_Beth2010" class="citation web cs1">Hogdson, Beth (March 1, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304030648/http://blogs.reuters.com/environment/2010/03/01/top-5-greenest-cities-in-the-world/">"Top 5 greenest cities in the world"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.reuters.com/environment/2010/03/01/top-5-greenest-cities-in-the-world/">the original</a> on March 4, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2018 – via GlobalPost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+5+greenest+cities+in+the+world&rft.date=2010-03-01&rft.au=Hogdson%2C+Beth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.reuters.com%2Fenvironment%2F2010%2F03%2F01%2Ftop-5-greenest-cities-in-the-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlatt200643-293"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlatt200643_293-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlatt2006">Platt 2006</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaw,_Steve2009" class="citation news cs1">Law, Steve (October 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portlandtribune.com/component/content/article?id=57411">"Council adopts aggressive Climate Action Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Portland_Tribune" title="Portland Tribune">Portland Tribune</a>. Retrieved July 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Portland+Tribune&rft.atitle=Council+adopts+aggressive+Climate+Action+Plan&rft.date=2009-10-27&rft.au=Law%2C+Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportlandtribune.com%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Farticle%3Fid%3D57411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuskal,_Michael2012" class="citation web cs1">Muskal, Michael (September 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-portland-fluoridation-protests-20120912,0,619554.story">"Portland joins fluoride bandwagon, will add it to water supply"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Portland+joins+fluoride+bandwagon%2C+will+add+it+to+water+supply&rft.date=2012-09-12&rft.au=Muskal%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fnationnow%2Fla-na-nn-portland-fluoridation-protests-20120912%2C0%2C619554.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams,_Heidi2012" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Heidi (September 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2012/09/portlands_fluoride_debate_hist.html">"Portland's fluoride debate: History, timeline and official positions"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland%27s+fluoride+debate%3A+History%2C+timeline+and+official+positions&rft.date=2012-09-12&rft.au=Williams%2C+Heidi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F09%2Fportlands_fluoride_debate_hist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlumgart,_Jake2013" class="citation web cs1">Blumgart, Jake (May 17, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2013/05/portland_fluoride_vote_will_medical_science_trump_fear_and_doubt.html">"What's the Matter With Portland? The city has been fighting fluoridation for 50 years. Will facts trump fear this month?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+Matter+With+Portland%3F+The+city+has+been+fighting+fluoridation+for+50+years.+Will+facts+trump+fear+this+month%3F&rft.date=2013-05-17&rft.au=Blumgart%2C+Jake&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fhealth_and_science%2Fmedical_examiner%2F2013%2F05%2Fportland_fluoride_vote_will_medical_science_trump_fear_and_doubt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSlovic,_Beth2012" class="citation web cs1">Slovic, Beth (September 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2012/09/portland_votes_to_add_fluoride.html">"Portland votes to add fluoride to its drinking water as opponents vow to stop the effort"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+votes+to+add+fluoride+to+its+drinking+water+as+opponents+vow+to+stop+the+effort&rft.date=2012-09-12&rft.au=Slovic%2C+Beth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F09%2Fportland_votes_to_add_fluoride.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKost,_Ryan2013" class="citation web cs1">Kost, Ryan (May 21, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2013/05/portland_fluoride_for_the_four.html">"Portland fluoride: For the fourth time since 1956, Portland voters reject fluoridation"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved April 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+fluoride%3A+For+the+fourth+time+since+1956%2C+Portland+voters+reject+fluoridation&rft.date=2013-05-21&rft.au=Kost%2C+Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2Findex.ssf%2F2013%2F05%2Fportland_fluoride_for_the_four.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/k12/oregon/districts/portland-sd-1j-106322">"Portland Public Schools"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Portland+Public+Schools&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fk12%2Foregon%2Fdistricts%2Fportland-sd-1j-106322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Census_Bureau_Geography_Division2020" class="citation map cs1">U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division (December 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st41_or/schooldistrict_maps/c41051_multnomah/DC20SD_C41051.pdf">2020 Census – School District Reference Map: Multnomah County, OR</a> (PDF) (Map). 1:184,230. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Census+%E2%80%93+School+District+Reference+Map%3A+Multnomah+County%2C+OR&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2020-12-18&rft.au=U.S.+Census+Bureau+Geography+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fmaps%2FDC2020%2FPL20%2Fst41_or%2Fschooldistrict_maps%2Fc41051_multnomah%2FDC20SD_C41051.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Census_Bureau_Geography_Division2020" class="citation map cs1">U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division (December 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st41_or/schooldistrict_maps/c41005_clackamas/DC20SD_C41005.pdf">2020 Census – School District Reference Map: Clackamas County, OR</a> (PDF) (Map). 1:204,700. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Census+%E2%80%93+School+District+Reference+Map%3A+Clackamas+County%2C+OR&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2020-12-18&rft.au=U.S.+Census+Bureau+Geography+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fmaps%2FDC2020%2FPL20%2Fst41_or%2Fschooldistrict_maps%2Fc41005_clackamas%2FDC20SD_C41005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Census_Bureau_Geography_Division" class="citation map cs1">U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st41_or/schooldistrict_maps/c41067_washington/DC20SD_C41067.pdf">2020 CENSUS – SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Washington County, OR</a> (PDF) (Map). 1:84,230. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved May 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+CENSUS+%E2%80%93+SCHOOL+DISTRICT+REFERENCE+MAP%3A+Washington+County%2C+OR&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.au=U.S.+Census+Bureau+Geography+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fmaps%2FDC2020%2FPL20%2Fst41_or%2Fschooldistrict_maps%2Fc41067_washington%2FDC20SD_C41067.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&InstName=david+douglas&SchoolType=1&SchoolType=2&SchoolType=3&SchoolType=4&SpecificSchlTypes=all&IncGrade=-1&LoGrade=-1&HiGrade=-1&ID=410394001037">"Search for Public Schools – School Detail for David Douglas High School"</a>. nces.ed.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nces.ed.gov&rft.atitle=Search+for+Public+Schools+%E2%80%93+School+Detail+for+David+Douglas+High+School&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fccd%2Fschoolsearch%2Fschool_detail.asp%3FSearch%3D1%26InstName%3Ddavid%2Bdouglas%26SchoolType%3D1%26SchoolType%3D2%26SchoolType%3D3%26SchoolType%3D4%26SpecificSchlTypes%3Dall%26IncGrade%3D-1%26LoGrade%3D-1%26HiGrade%3D-1%26ID%3D410394001037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oregonian_2005-09-22-305"><a href="#cite_ref-Oregonian_2005-09-22_305-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeddes2005" class="citation news cs1">Geddes, Ryan (September 22, 2005). "Public school notebook: The Count". The Oregonian. Portland, Oregon. pp. A7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Public+school+notebook%3A+The+Count&rft.pages=A7&rft.date=2005-09-22&rft.aulast=Geddes&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pdx.edu-306"><a href="#cite_ref-pdx.edu_306-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150112033212/http://www.pdx.edu/profile/snapshot-portland-state">"Profile"</a>. Portland State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdx.edu/profile/snapshot-portland-state">the original</a> on January 12, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile&rft.pub=Portland+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdx.edu%2Fprofile%2Fsnapshot-portland-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bestreg-307"><a href="#cite_ref-bestreg_307-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princetonreview.com/schoollist.aspx?id=763">"The Princeton Review Best Regional Colleges"</a>. Retrieved November 3, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Princeton+Review+Best+Regional+Colleges&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.princetonreview.com%2Fschoollist.aspx%3Fid%3D763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425120048/http://ir.princetonreview.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=168268">"Princeton Review Top 100 MBA Rankings"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ir.princetonreview.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=168268">the original</a> on April 25, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Princeton+Review+Top+100+MBA+Rankings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fir.princetonreview.com%2Freleasedetail.cfm%3Freleaseid%3D168268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mondotimes.com/1/world/us/37/2067/23985">"Portland Bee"</a>. Mondo Times. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mondo+Times&rft.atitle=Portland+Bee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mondotimes.com%2F1%2Fworld%2Fus%2F37%2F2067%2F23985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Campaign201382-310">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Campaign201382_310-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuman_Rights_Campaign201382_310-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHuman_Rights_Campaign2013">Human Rights Campaign 2013</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-Legacy-311"><a href="#cite_ref-Legacy_311-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080505215603/http://www.legacyhealth.org/body.cfm?id=21">"Our Hospitals"</a>. Legacy Health System. August 15, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacyhealth.org/body.cfm?id=21">the original</a> on May 5, 2008. Retrieved August 26, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Hospitals&rft.pub=Legacy+Health+System&rft.date=2007-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacyhealth.org%2Fbody.cfm%3Fid%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212214522/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_06_EST_S0802&prodType=table">"Means of Transportation to Work by Selected Characteristics: 2006 American Community Survey"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_06_EST_S0802&prodType=table">the original</a> on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Means+of+Transportation+to+Work+by+Selected+Characteristics%3A+2006+American+Community+Survey&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2Fjsf%2Fpages%2Fproductview.xhtml%3Fpid%3DACS_06_EST_S0802%26prodType%3Dtable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150927203752/http://trimet.org/alerts/service-change/2015fall/index.htm">"Fall 2015 Service Improvements"</a>. TriMet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trimet.org/alerts/service-change/2015fall/index.htm">the original</a> on September 27, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TriMet&rft.atitle=Fall+2015+Service+Improvements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrimet.org%2Falerts%2Fservice-change%2F2015fall%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oreg-2012sep22-314"><a href="#cite_ref-oreg-2012sep22_314-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRose2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rose_(journalist)" title="Joseph Rose (journalist)">Rose, Joseph</a> (September 22, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.oregonlive.com/commuting/2012/09/portland_streetcars_eastside_l.html">"Portland Streetcar's eastside loop gets off to hobbled start Saturday"</a>. The Oregonian. p. 1. Retrieved November 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+Streetcar%27s+eastside+loop+gets+off+to+hobbled+start+Saturday&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2012-09-22&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.oregonlive.com%2Fcommuting%2F2012%2F09%2Fportland_streetcars_eastside_l.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120617125637/http://trimet.org/pdfs/pm/Fact-sheets-timelines/PMLR-Bridge-Fact-Sheet-August2011.pdf">"Portland-Milwaukie Light Rail Bridge to bring new options for transit, cyclists and pedestrians"</a> (PDF). Portland-Milwaukie Light Rail Transit Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trimet.org/pdfs/pm/Fact-sheets-timelines/PMLR-Bridge-Fact-Sheet-August2011.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on June 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portland-Milwaukie+Light+Rail+Bridge+to+bring+new+options+for+transit%2C+cyclists+and+pedestrians&rft.pub=Portland-Milwaukie+Light+Rail+Transit+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trimet.org%2Fpdfs%2Fpm%2FFact-sheets-timelines%2FPMLR-Bridge-Fact-Sheet-August2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oreg-2009aug12-316"><a href="#cite_ref-oreg-2009aug12_316-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRivera2009" class="citation news cs1">Rivera, Dylan (August 12, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/news/index.ssf/2009/08/no_more_free_bus_rides_in_port.html">"The days of a free bus ride are over"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved September 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=The+days+of+a+free+bus+ride+are+over&rft.date=2009-08-12&rft.aulast=Rivera&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fnews%2Findex.ssf%2F2009%2F08%2Fno_more_free_bus_rides_in_port.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oreg-2012aug31-317"><a href="#cite_ref-oreg-2012aug31_317-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBailey2012" class="citation news cs1">Bailey, Everton Jr. (August 31, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/roadreport/index.ssf/2012/08/trimet_boosts_most_fares_start.html">"TriMet boosts most fares starting Saturday; some routes changing"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved September 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=TriMet+boosts+most+fares+starting+Saturday%3B+some+routes+changing&rft.date=2012-08-31&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Everton+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Froadreport%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F08%2Ftrimet_boosts_most_fares_start.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-transit_apps-318"><a href="#cite_ref-transit_apps_318-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRose2009" class="citation news cs1">Rose, Joseph (July 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.oregonlive.com/commuting/2009/07/open_source_heaven_the_5_best.html">"TriMet's open source heaven: The 5 best transit-rider apps"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved September 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=TriMet%27s+open+source+heaven%3A+The+5+best+transit-rider+apps&rft.date=2009-07-16&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.oregonlive.com%2Fcommuting%2F2009%2F07%2Fopen_source_heaven_the_5_best.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-google_adds_trimet-319"><a href="#cite_ref-google_adds_trimet_319-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRogoway2011" class="citation news cs1">Rogoway, Mike (June 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2011/06/google_maps_adds_lives_trimet.html">"Google Maps adds live TriMet arrival and departure times"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved September 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Google+Maps+adds+live+TriMet+arrival+and+departure+times&rft.date=2011-06-08&rft.aulast=Rogoway&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fbusiness%2Findex.ssf%2F2011%2F06%2Fgoogle_maps_adds_lives_trimet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111230073054/http://www.orhf.org/capital-campaign/">"Capital Campaign"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Rail_Heritage_Foundation" title="Oregon Rail Heritage Foundation">Oregon Rail Heritage Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orhf.org/capital-campaign/">the original</a> on December 30, 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Capital+Campaign&rft.pub=Oregon+Rail+Heritage+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orhf.org%2Fcapital-campaign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAshton,_David_F.2011" class="citation news cs1">Ashton, David F. (December 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426082537/http://www.thebeenews.com/news/story.php?story_id=132423175015250800">""Holiday Express" delights families, benefits new S.E. museum"</a>. The Sellwood Bee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebeenews.com/news/story.php?story_id=132423175015250800">the original</a> on April 26, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sellwood+Bee&rft.atitle=%22Holiday+Express%22+delights+families%2C+benefits+new+S.E.+museum&rft.date=2011-12-20&rft.au=Ashton%2C+David+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebeenews.com%2Fnews%2Fstory.php%3Fstory_id%3D132423175015250800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oreg-2012sep-322"><a href="#cite_ref-oreg-2012sep_322-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTims2012" class="citation news cs1">Tims, Dana (September 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2012/09/oregon_rail_center_is_now_arri.html">"Oregon Rail Heritage Center ready for grand opening Saturday, Sunday"</a>. The Oregonian. p. B1. Retrieved September 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Oregon+Rail+Heritage+Center+ready+for+grand+opening+Saturday%2C+Sunday&rft.pages=B1&rft.date=2012-09-20&rft.aulast=Tims&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fportland%2Findex.ssf%2F2012%2F09%2Foregon_rail_center_is_now_arri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729015011/http://www.virgin-vacations.com/11-most-bike-friendly-cities.aspx">"11 Most Bike Friendly Cities in the World – Bicycle friendly cities"</a>. Virgin Vacations. Virgin Airlines. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virgin-vacations.com/11-most-bike-friendly-cities.aspx">the original</a> on July 29, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virgin+Vacations&rft.atitle=11+Most+Bike+Friendly+Cities+in+the+World+%E2%80%93+Bicycle+friendly+cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virgin-vacations.com%2F11-most-bike-friendly-cities.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWatson2023" class="citation web cs1">Watson, Evan (March 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/bicycle-ridership-portland-dropped-significantly/283-f49b9a66-2494-4c99-afcb-b1bc0e746db6">"Bicycle ridership in Portland has dropped off significantly over the past 6 years, PBOT says"</a>. kgw.com. Retrieved December 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kgw.com&rft.atitle=Bicycle+ridership+in+Portland+has+dropped+off+significantly+over+the+past+6+years%2C+PBOT+says&rft.date=2023-03-17&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kgw.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbicycle-ridership-portland-dropped-significantly%2F283-f49b9a66-2494-4c99-afcb-b1bc0e746db6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530133918/http://www.bikeleague.org/media/press/">"League of American Bicyclists * Press Releases"</a>. Bikeleague.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bikeleague.org/media/press/">the original</a> on May 30, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=League+of+American+Bicyclists+%2A+Press+Releases&rft.pub=Bikeleague.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bikeleague.org%2Fmedia%2Fpress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-biketown_launches-326"><a href="#cite_ref-biketown_launches_326-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNjus2016" class="citation news cs1">Njus, Elliot (July 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/index.ssf/2016/07/biketown_bike-share_program_la.html">"Biketown bike-share program launches with inaugural Tilikum Crossing ride"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved July 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Biketown+bike-share+program+launches+with+inaugural+Tilikum+Crossing+ride&rft.date=2016-07-19&rft.aulast=Njus&rft.aufirst=Elliot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fcommuting%2Findex.ssf%2F2016%2F07%2Fbiketown_bike-share_program_la.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNjus2016" class="citation news cs1">Njus, Elliot (June 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/index.ssf/2016/06/biketown_bike-share_launch_dat.html">"Biketown bike-share launch date, pricing, station locations announced"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved July 8, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Biketown+bike-share+launch+date%2C+pricing%2C+station+locations+announced&rft.date=2016-06-13&rft.aulast=Njus&rft.aufirst=Elliot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fcommuting%2Findex.ssf%2F2016%2F06%2Fbiketown_bike-share_launch_dat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFECHTER2023" class="citation news cs1">FECHTER, JOSHUA (November 2, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2023/11/02/austin-minimum-parking-requirements-housing-shortage/">"To fight climate change and housing shortage, Austin becomes largest U.S. city to drop parking-spot requirements"</a>. Texas tribune. Retrieved November 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=To+fight+climate+change+and+housing+shortage%2C+Austin+becomes+largest+U.S.+city+to+drop+parking-spot+requirements&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft.aulast=FECHTER&rft.aufirst=JOSHUA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org%2F2023%2F11%2F02%2Faustin-minimum-parking-requirements-housing-shortage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOregonian/OregonLive2015" class="citation web cs1">Oregonian/OregonLive, Joseph Rose | The (June 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/2015/06/portland_parking_scofflaws_owe.html">"Portland parking tickets: City's worst scofflaws owe $32.4 million – with no easy way to collect"</a>. The Oregonian. Retrieved May 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Portland+parking+tickets%3A+City%27s+worst+scofflaws+owe+%2432.4+million+%E2%80%93+with+no+easy+way+to+collect&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft.aulast=Oregonian%2FOregonLive&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Rose+%7C+The&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fcommuting%2F2015%2F06%2Fportland_parking_scofflaws_owe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2023" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Kale (October 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kgw.com/article/tech/science/environment/portland-groundwater-well-field-drinking-water/283-9cadce40-1351-4ecb-a600-9f0d903ad154">"Portland's secondary source of drinking water: 25 groundwater wells spread out from the airport to Blue Lake Park"</a>. KGW8. Retrieved October 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KGW8&rft.atitle=Portland%27s+secondary+source+of+drinking+water%3A+25+groundwater+wells+spread+out+from+the+airport+to+Blue+Lake+Park&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Kale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kgw.com%2Farticle%2Ftech%2Fscience%2Fenvironment%2Fportland-groundwater-well-field-drinking-water%2F283-9cadce40-1351-4ecb-a600-9f0d903ad154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portlandoregon.gov/ogr/65021">"About Sister Cities"</a>. portlandoregon.gov. City of Portland. Retrieved May 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=portlandoregon.gov&rft.atitle=About+Sister+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portlandoregon.gov%2Fogr%2F65021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllenBurnsSargent2009" class="citation book cs1">Allen, John Elliott; Burns, Marjorie; Sargent, Sam C. (2009). Cataclysms on the Columbia. Ooligan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-93201-031-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-93201-031-2"><bdi>978-1-93201-031-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cataclysms+on+the+Columbia&rft.pub=Ooligan+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-93201-031-2&rft.au=Allen%2C+John+Elliott&rft.au=Burns%2C+Marjorie&rft.au=Sargent%2C+Sam+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2014" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Heather Arndt (2014). Portland: A Food Biography. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-44222-738-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-44222-738-5"><bdi>978-1-44222-738-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portland%3A+A+Food+Biography&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-44222-738-5&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Heather+Arndt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarth1991" class="citation book cs1">Barth, Jack (1991). Roadside Hollywood:The Movie Lover's State-By-State Guide to Film Locations, Celebrity Hangouts, Celluloid Tourist Attractions, and More. Contemporary Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roadside+Hollywood%3AThe+Movie+Lover%27s+State-By-State+Guide+to+Film+Locations%2C+Celebrity+Hangouts%2C+Celluloid+Tourist+Attractions%2C+and+More&rft.pub=Contemporary+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Barth%2C+Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChandler2013" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, J.D. (2013). Hidden History of Portland, Oregon. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62619-198-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62619-198-3"><bdi>978-1-62619-198-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+History+of+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-62619-198-3&rft.au=Chandler%2C+J.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFalsetto2015" class="citation book cs1">Falsetto, Mario (2015). Conversations with Gus Van Sant. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-44224-766-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-44224-766-6"><bdi>978-1-44224-766-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversations+with+Gus+Van+Sant&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-44224-766-6&rft.au=Falsetto%2C+Mario&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFreilichSitkowskiMennilo2010" class="citation book cs1">Freilich, Robert H; Sitkowski, Robert J.; Mennilo, Seth D. (2010). From Sprawl to Sustainability: Smart Growth, New Urbanism, Green Development. Amer-Bar-Asso.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Sprawl+to+Sustainability%3A+Smart+Growth%2C+New+Urbanism%2C+Green+Development&rft.pub=Amer-Bar-Asso&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Freilich%2C+Robert+H&rft.au=Sitkowski%2C+Robert+J.&rft.au=Mennilo%2C+Seth+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHuman_Rights_Campaign2013" class="citation book cs1">Human Rights Campaign (2013). Healthcare Equality Index 2013. HRC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934765-27-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934765-27-2"><bdi>978-1-934765-27-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Healthcare+Equality+Index+2013&rft.pub=HRC&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-934765-27-2&rft.au=Human+Rights+Campaign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn2012" class="citation book cs1">John, Finn (2012). Wicked Portland: The Wild and Lusty Underworld of a Frontier Seaport Town. History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60949-578-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60949-578-7"><bdi>978-1-60949-578-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wicked+Portland%3A+The+Wild+and+Lusty+Underworld+of+a+Frontier+Seaport+Town&rft.pub=History+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-60949-578-7&rft.au=John%2C+Finn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarschner2008" class="citation book cs1">Marschner, Janice (2008). Oregon 1859: A Snapshot in Time. Timber Press. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-873-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-873-0"><bdi>978-0-88192-873-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oregon+1859%3A+A+Snapshot+in+Time&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-88192-873-0&rft.aulast=Marschner&rft.aufirst=Janice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMass2008" class="citation book cs1">Mass, Clifford (2008). The Weather of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-29598-847-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-29598-847-4"><bdi>978-0-29598-847-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Weather+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-29598-847-4&rft.au=Mass%2C+Clifford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPalahniuk2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Palahniuk" title="Chuck Palahniuk">Palahniuk, Chuck</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Fugitives_and_Refugees:_A_Walk_in_Portland,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugitives and Refugees: A Walk in Portland, Oregon">Fugitives and Refugees: A Walk in Portland, Oregon</a>. Crown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-40004-783-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-40004-783-3"><bdi>978-1-40004-783-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fugitives+and+Refugees%3A+A+Walk+in+Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-40004-783-3&rft.au=Palahniuk%2C+Chuck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlatt2006" class="citation book cs1">Platt, Rutherford (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanemetropolis00ruth">The Humane Metropolis: People and Nature in the 21st-Century City</a>. University of Massachusetts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55849-554-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55849-554-8"><bdi>978-1-55849-554-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Humane+Metropolis%3A+People+and+Nature+in+the+21st-Century+City&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-55849-554-8&rft.au=Platt%2C+Rutherford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumanemetropolis00ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott1890" class="citation book cs1">Scott, H.W. (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofportlan00scot">History of Portland Oregon with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens and Pioneers</a>. D. Mason & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Portland+Oregon+with+Illustrations+and+Biographical+Sketches+of+Prominent+Citizens+and+Pioneers&rft.pub=D.+Mason+%26+Co.&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=H.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofportlan00scot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson_III2004" class="citation book cs1">Wilson III, Ernest J.; Wilson, Ernest J. (2004). Diversity and US Foreign Policy: A Reader. New York: Routledge. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92884-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92884-7"><bdi>978-0-415-92884-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diversity+and+US+Foreign+Policy%3A+A+Reader&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-92884-7&rft.aulast=Wilson+III&rft.aufirst=Ernest+J.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Ernest+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbbott2001" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, C. (2001). Greater Portland: Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1779-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-1779-9"><bdi>0-8122-1779-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greater+Portland%3A+Urban+Life+and+Landscape+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8122-1779-9&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988">; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greaterportlandu0000abbo">full text online</a></li> <li>Abbott, Carl. Portland in Three Centuries: The Place and the People (Oregon State University Press; 2011) 192 pages; scholarly history <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portlandinthreec0000abbo">online</a></li> <li>Abbott, Carl. Portland : gateway to the Northwest (1985) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/portlandgatewayt00abbo">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbbott2001" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, C. (2001). Greater Portland: Urban Life and Landscape in the Pacific Northwest. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1779-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-1779-9"><bdi>0-8122-1779-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greater+Portland%3A+Urban+Life+and+Landscape+in+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8122-1779-9&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988">; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greaterportlandu0000abbo">full text online</a></li> <li>Hodges, Adam J. World War I and Urban Order: The Local Class Politics of National Mobilization. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolbrook1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Holbrook" title="Stewart Holbrook">Holbrook, Stewart</a> (1986) [Reprint of 1952 edition]. Far Corner: A Personal View of the Pacific Northwest. Sausalito, California: Comstock Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89174-043-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89174-043-8"><bdi>978-0-89174-043-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Far+Corner%3A+A+Personal+View+of+the+Pacific+Northwest&rft.place=Sausalito%2C+California&rft.pub=Comstock+Editions&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-89174-043-8&rft.aulast=Holbrook&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLansing2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jewel_Lansing" title="Jewel Lansing">Lansing, Jewel</a> (2003). Portland: People, Politics, and Power, 1851–2001. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87071-559-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87071-559-4"><bdi>978-0-87071-559-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Portland%3A+People%2C+Politics%2C+and+Power%2C+1851%E2%80%932001&rft.place=Corvallis&rft.pub=Oregon+State+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-87071-559-4&rft.aulast=Lansing&rft.aufirst=Jewel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacColl1976" class="citation book cs1">MacColl, E. Kimbark (1976). The Shaping of a City: Business and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1885 to 1915. Portland, Oregon: Georgian Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2645815">2645815</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shaping+of+a+City%3A+Business+and+Politics+in+Portland%2C+Oregon+1885+to+1915&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Georgian+Press&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2645815&rft.aulast=MacColl&rft.aufirst=E.+Kimbark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/merchantsmoneypo00macc">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacColl1979" class="citation book cs1">MacColl, E. Kimbark (1979). The Growth of a City: Power and Politics in Portland, Oregon 1915 to 1950. Portland, Oregon: Georgian Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9603408-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9603408-1-1"><bdi>978-0-9603408-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Growth+of+a+City%3A+Power+and+Politics+in+Portland%2C+Oregon+1915+to+1950&rft.place=Portland%2C+Oregon&rft.pub=Georgian+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-9603408-1-1&rft.aulast=MacColl&rft.aufirst=E.+Kimbark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacGibbon1904" class="citation book cs1">MacGibbon, Elma (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sos.wa.gov/history/publications_detail.aspx?p=63">Leaves of knowledge</a>. Spokane: Shaw & Borden Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3877939">3877939</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leaves+of+knowledge&rft.place=Spokane&rft.pub=Shaw+%26+Borden+Co&rft.date=1904&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3877939&rft.aulast=MacGibbon&rft.aufirst=Elma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.wa.gov%2Fhistory%2Fpublications_detail.aspx%3Fp%3D63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"> Contents: "Elma MacGibbon reminiscences of her travels in the United States starting in 1898, which were mainly in Oregon and Washington." Includes chapter "Portland, the Western Hub."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Toole2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Randal_O%27Toole" title="Randal O'Toole">O'Toole, Randal</a> (July 9, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa-596.pdf">"Debunking Portland: The City That Doesn't Work"</a> (PDF). Policy Analysis. 596. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/164599623">164599623</a>. Retrieved June 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Policy+Analysis&rft.atitle=Debunking+Portland%3A+The+City+That+Doesn%27t+Work&rft.volume=596&rft.date=2007-07-09&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F164599623&rft.aulast=O%27Toole&rft.aufirst=Randal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cato.org%2Fsites%2Fcato.org%2Ffiles%2Fpubs%2Fpdf%2Fpa-596.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOzawa2004" class="citation book cs1">Ozawa, Connie P., ed. (2004). The Portland Edge: Challenges and Successes in Growing Communities. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-695-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-695-7"><bdi>978-1-55963-695-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Portland+Edge%3A+Challenges+and+Successes+in+Growing+Communities&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Island+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-55963-695-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortland%2C+Oregon" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Portland, Oregon at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portland,_Oregon" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Portland, Oregon">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" class="extiw" title="c:Portland, Oregon">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Portland,_Oregon" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Portland, Oregon">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portland,_Oregon" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Portland, Oregon">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portland,_Oregon" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Portland, Oregon">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portland,_Oregon" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Portland, Oregon">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Portland,_Oregon" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Portland, Oregon">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Portland_(Oregon)" class="extiw" title="voy:Portland (Oregon)">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portland.gov/">Official website</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandmaps.com/">Portland Maps</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722074758/http://www.portlandmaps.com/">Archived</a> July 22, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (lot-level GIS)</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portlandalliance.com/">Portland Business Alliance – Portland Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelportland.com/">Portland's Visitor Association</a> – official <a href="/wiki/Visitors%27_bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Visitors' bureau">visitors' bureau</a> website</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header">Listen to this article (2 parts, 1 hour and 50 minutes)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"> <ol><li><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="180" style="width:180px;" data-durationhint="3582" data-mwtitle="En-Portland,_Oregon-article1of2.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-Portland%2C_Oregon-article1of2.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-Portland%2C_Oregon-article1of2.ogg/En-Portland%2C_Oregon-article1of2.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></li> <li><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="180" style="width:180px;" data-durationhint="3038" data-mwtitle="En-Portland,_Oregon-article2of2.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/En-Portland%2C_Oregon-article2of2.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/En-Portland%2C_Oregon-article2of2.ogg/En-Portland%2C_Oregon-article2of2.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></li></ol> </div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon"><img alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer">These audio files were created from a revision of this article dated 14 July 2023 (2023-7-14), and do not reflect subsequent edits.</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">Audio help</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles" title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles">More spoken articles</a>)</div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Portland,_Oregon170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portland,_Oregon" title="Template:Portland, Oregon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portland,_Oregon" title="Template talk:Portland, Oregon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portland,_Oregon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portland, Oregon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Portland,_Oregon170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Portland, Oregon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:85px"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="History of Portland, Oregon">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Timeline of Portland, Oregon">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Government of Portland, Oregon">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mayor of Portland, Oregon">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_City_Council_(Oregon)" title="Portland City Council (Oregon)">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Portland,_Oregon" title="North Portland, Oregon">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Portland,_Oregon" title="Northeast Portland, Oregon">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Portland,_Oregon" title="Northwest Portland, Oregon">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Portland,_Oregon" title="South Portland, Oregon">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Portland,_Oregon" title="Southeast Portland, Oregon">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Portland,_Oregon" title="Southwest Portland, Oregon">Southwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Flag of Portland, Oregon">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Nicknames of Portland, Oregon">Nicknames</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portland,_Oregon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Portland, Oregon"><img alt="Flag of Portland, Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg/85px-Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg/128px-Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg/170px-Flag_of_Portland%2C_Oregon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:85px"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Transportation in Portland, Oregon">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Architecture of Portland, Oregon">Buildings & architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of restaurants in Portland, Oregon">Restaurants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of hospitals in Portland, Oregon">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Education in Portland, Oregon">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of people from Portland, Oregon">Famous Portlanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:85px"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Tourism in Portland, Oregon">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Sports in Portland, Oregon">Sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_venues_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of sports venues in Portland, Oregon">sports venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of parks in Portland, Oregon">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artists_and_art_institutions_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="List of artists and art institutions in Portland, Oregon">Artists and art institutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="font-style: italic"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Portland,_Oregon" title="Category:Portland, Oregon">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighborhoods_of_Portland,_Oregon76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portland_neighborhoods" title="Template:Portland neighborhoods"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portland_neighborhoods" title="Template talk:Portland neighborhoods"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portland_neighborhoods" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portland neighborhoods"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighborhoods_of_Portland,_Oregon76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_Portland,_Oregon" title="Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon">Neighborhoods of Portland, Oregon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighborhood Associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alameda,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Alameda, Portland, Oregon">Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbor_Lodge,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Arbor Lodge, Portland, Oregon">Arbor Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardenwald-Johnson_Creek,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Ardenwald-Johnson Creek, Portland, Oregon">Ardenwald-Johnson Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argay,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Argay, Portland, Oregon">Argay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Heights,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Arlington Heights, Portland, Oregon">Arlington Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Creek,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Arnold Creek, Portland, Oregon">Arnold Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashcreek,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Ashcreek, Portland, Oregon">Ashcreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-Wilshire,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Beaumont-Wilshire, Portland, Oregon">Beaumont-Wilshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Boise, Portland, Oregon">Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood-Darlington,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Brentwood-Darlington, Portland, Oregon">Brentwood-Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeton,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Bridgeton, Portland, Oregon">Bridgeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridlemile,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Bridlemile, Portland, Oregon">Bridlemile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Brooklyn, Portland, Oregon">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckman,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Buckman, Portland, Oregon">Buckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Cathedral Park, Portland, Oregon">Cathedral Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Centennial, Portland, Oregon">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_View,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Collins View, Portland, Oregon">Collins View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Concordia, Portland, Oregon">Concordia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creston-Kenilworth,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Creston-Kenilworth, Portland, Oregon">Creston-Kenilworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crestwood,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Crestwood, Portland, Oregon">Crestwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cully,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Cully, Portland, Oregon">Cully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Portland,_Oregon" title="Downtown Portland, Oregon">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Columbia,_Portland,_Oregon" title="East Columbia, Portland, Oregon">East Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastmoreland,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Eastmoreland, Portland, Oregon">Eastmoreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Eliot, Portland, Oregon">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Southwest,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Far Southwest, Portland, Oregon">Far Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Park, Portland, Oregon">Forest Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster-Powell,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Foster-Powell, Portland, Oregon">Foster-Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenfair,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Glenfair, Portland, Oregon">Glenfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Hollow,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Goose Hollow, Portland, Oregon">Goose Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Grant Park, Portland, Oregon">Grant Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayden_Island,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hayden Island, Portland, Oregon">Hayden Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayhurst,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hayhurst, Portland, Oregon">Hayhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelwood,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hazelwood, Portland, Oregon">Hazelwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healy_Heights,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Healy Heights, Portland, Oregon">Healy Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hillsdale, Portland, Oregon">Hillsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillside,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hillside, Portland, Oregon">Hillside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hollywood, Portland, Oregon">Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Homestead, Portland, Oregon">Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosford-Abernethy,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hosford-Abernethy, Portland, Oregon">Hosford-Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Humboldt, Portland, Oregon">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvington,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Irvington, Portland, Oregon">Irvington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenton,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Kenton, Portland, Oregon">Kenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerns,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Kerns, Portland, Oregon">Kerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King,_Portland,_Oregon" title="King, Portland, Oregon">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurelhurst,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Laurelhurst, Portland, Oregon">Laurelhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lents,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Lents, Portland, Oregon">Lents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linnton,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Linnton, Portland, Oregon">Linnton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_District,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Lloyd District, Portland, Oregon">Lloyd District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_South,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Madison South, Portland, Oregon">Madison South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maplewood,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Maplewood, Portland, Oregon">Maplewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markham,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Markham, Portland, Oregon">Markham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Marshall Park, Portland, Oregon">Marshall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mill Park, Portland, Oregon">Mill Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montavilla,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Montavilla, Portland, Oregon">Montavilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mt._Scott-Arleta,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mt. Scott-Arleta, Portland, Oregon">Mt. Scott-Arleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Mount Tabor, Portland, Oregon">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multnomah,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Multnomah, Portland, Oregon">Multnomah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tabor,_Portland,_Oregon" title="North Tabor, Portland, Oregon">North Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_District,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Northwest District, Portland, Oregon">Northwest District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Heights,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Northwest Heights, Portland, Oregon">Northwest Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Industrial,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Northwest Industrial, Portland, Oregon">Northwest Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Chinatown" title="Old Town Chinatown">Old Town Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overlook,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Overlook, Portland, Oregon">Overlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkrose,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Parkrose, Portland, Oregon">Parkrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkrose_Heights,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Parkrose Heights, Portland, Oregon">Parkrose Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_District,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Pearl District, Portland, Oregon">Pearl District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Piedmont, Portland, Oregon">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Valley,_Portland,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleasant Valley, Portland, Oregon">Pleasant Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Portsmouth, Portland, Oregon">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powellhurst-Gilbert,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Powellhurst-Gilbert, Portland, Oregon">Powellhurst-Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Reed, Portland, Oregon">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Richmond, Portland, Oregon">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_City_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Rose City Park, Portland, Oregon">Rose City Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseway,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Roseway, Portland, Oregon">Roseway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Russell, Portland, Oregon">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabin,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Sabin, Portland, Oregon">Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns,_Portland,_Oregon" title="St. Johns, Portland, Oregon">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellwood,_Portland,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sellwood, Portland, Oregon">Sellwood-Moreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Burlingame,_Portland,_Oregon" title="South Burlingame, Portland, Oregon">South Burlingame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Portland,_Portland,_Oregon" title="South Portland, Portland, Oregon">South Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tabor,_Portland,_Oregon" title="South Tabor, Portland, Oregon">South Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Hills,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Southwest Hills, Portland, Oregon">Southwest Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan%27s_Gulch,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Sullivan's Gulch, Portland, Oregon">Sullivan's Gulch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Sumner, Portland, Oregon">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunderland,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Sunderland, Portland, Oregon">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyside,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Sunnyside, Portland, Oregon">Sunnyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan-Highlands,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Sylvan-Highlands, Portland, Oregon">Sylvan-Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" title="University Park, Portland, Oregon">University Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Vernon, Portland, Oregon">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Portland_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" title="West Portland Park, Portland, Oregon">West Portland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkes,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Wilkes, Portland, Oregon">Wilkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Park,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Woodland Park, Portland, Oregon">Woodland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Woodlawn, Portland, Oregon">Woodlawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Woodstock, Portland, Oregon">Woodstock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Arts_District" title="Alberta Arts District">Alberta Arts District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albina,_Oregon" title="Albina, Oregon">Albina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Belmont, Portland, Oregon">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnside_Triangle" title="Burnside Triangle">Burnside Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Eastside,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Central Eastside, Portland, Oregon">Central Eastside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignity_Village" title="Dignity Village">Dignity Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorne,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Hawthorne, Portland, Oregon">Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladd%27s_Addition" title="Ladd's Addition">Ladd's Addition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquam_Hill,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Marquam Hill, Portland, Oregon">Marquam Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RiverPlace" title="RiverPlace">RiverPlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Waterfront" class="mw-redirect" title="South Waterfront">South Waterfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmoreland,_Portland,_Oregon" title="Westmoreland, Portland, Oregon">Westmoreland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Clackamas_County,_Oregon,_United_States587" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Template:Clackamas County, Oregon"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Template talk:Clackamas County, Oregon"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clackamas County, Oregon"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Clackamas_County,_Oregon,_United_States587" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Clackamas County, Oregon">Clackamas County, Oregon</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oregon_City,_Oregon" title="Oregon City, Oregon">Oregon City</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oregon" title="List of cities in Oregon">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barlow,_Oregon" title="Barlow, Oregon">Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canby,_Oregon" title="Canby, Oregon">Canby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estacada,_Oregon" title="Estacada, Oregon">Estacada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone,_Oregon" title="Gladstone, Oregon">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Valley,_Oregon" title="Happy Valley, Oregon">Happy Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_City,_Oregon" title="Johnson City, Oregon">Johnson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Oswego,_Oregon" title="Lake Oswego, Oregon">Lake Oswego</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukie,_Oregon" title="Milwaukie, Oregon">Milwaukie</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molalla,_Oregon" title="Molalla, Oregon">Molalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_City,_Oregon" title="Oregon City, Oregon">Oregon City</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portland</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivergrove,_Oregon" title="Rivergrove, Oregon">Rivergrove</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy,_Oregon" title="Sandy, Oregon">Sandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tualatin,_Oregon" title="Tualatin, Oregon">Tualatin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Linn,_Oregon" title="West Linn, Oregon">West Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilsonville,_Oregon" title="Wilsonville, Oregon">Wilsonville</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Clackamas_County.svg/120px-Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Clackamas_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Clackamas_County.svg/250px-Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Clackamas_County.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="1069" /><figcaption>Clackamas County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(Oregon)" title="Hamlet (Oregon)">Hamlets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beavercreek,_Oregon" title="Beavercreek, Oregon">Beavercreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molalla_Prairie,_Oregon" title="Molalla Prairie, Oregon">Molalla Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood_Village,_Oregon" title="Mount Hood Village, Oregon">Mount Hood Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulino,_Oregon" title="Mulino, Oregon">Mulino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford,_Oregon" title="Stafford, Oregon">Stafford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boring,_Oregon" title="Boring, Oregon">Boring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus,_Oregon" title="Damascus, Oregon">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Camp,_Oregon" title="Government Camp, Oregon">Government Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings_Lodge,_Oregon" title="Jennings Lodge, Oregon">Jennings Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Grove,_Oregon" title="Oak Grove, Oregon">Oak Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oatfield,_Oregon" title="Oatfield, Oregon">Oatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhododendron,_Oregon" title="Rhododendron, Oregon">Rhododendron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_unincorporated_communities_in_Oregon" title="List of cities and unincorporated communities in Oregon">Other communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barton,_Oregon" title="Barton, Oregon">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightwood,_Oregon" title="Brightwood, Oregon">Brightwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Run,_Oregon" title="Bull Run, Oregon">Bull Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carus,_Oregon" title="Carus, Oregon">Carus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carver,_Oregon" title="Carver, Oregon">Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cazadero,_Oregon" title="Cazadero, Oregon">Cazadero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherryville,_Oregon" title="Cherryville, Oregon">Cherryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clackamas,_Oregon" title="Clackamas, Oregon">Clackamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarkes,_Oregon" title="Clarkes, Oregon">Clarkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colton,_Oregon" title="Colton, Oregon">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottrell,_Oregon" title="Cottrell, Oregon">Cottrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Creek,_Oregon" title="Eagle Creek, Oregon">Eagle Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faubion,_Oregon" title="Faubion, Oregon">Faubion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firwood,_Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Firwood, Clackamas County, Oregon">Firwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Oregon" title="Jean, Oregon">Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelso,_Oregon" title="Kelso, Oregon">Kelso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladd_Hill,_Oregon" title="Ladd Hill, Oregon">Ladd Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Oregon" title="Lakewood, Oregon">Lakewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal,_Oregon" title="Liberal, Oregon">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan,_Oregon" title="Logan, Oregon">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Elder,_Oregon" title="Lone Elder, Oregon">Lone Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macksburg,_Oregon" title="Macksburg, Oregon">Macksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmot,_Oregon" title="Marmot, Oregon">Marmot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquam,_Oregon" title="Marquam, Oregon">Marquam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marylhurst,_Oregon" title="Marylhurst, Oregon">Marylhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukie_Heights,_Oregon" title="Milwaukie Heights, Oregon">Milwaukie Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Air_Park,_Oregon" title="Mountain Air Park, Oregon">Mountain Air Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needy,_Oregon" title="Needy, Oregon">Needy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Era,_Oregon" title="New Era, Oregon">New Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redland,_Oregon" title="Redland, Oregon">Redland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripplebrook,_Oregon" title="Ripplebrook, Oregon">Ripplebrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Riverside, Clackamas County, Oregon">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadowood,_Oregon" title="Shadowood, Oregon">Shadowood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springwater,_Oregon" title="Springwater, Oregon">Springwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyside,_Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Sunnyside, Clackamas County, Oregon">Sunnyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welches,_Oregon" title="Welches, Oregon">Welches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemme,_Oregon" title="Wemme, Oregon">Wemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildwood,_Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Wildwood, Clackamas County, Oregon">Wildwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoder,_Oregon" title="Yoder, Oregon">Yoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigzag,_Oregon" title="Zigzag, Oregon">Zigzag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Springs_Indian_Reservation" title="Warm Springs Indian Reservation">Warm Springs Indian Reservation</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oregon_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Oregon (state)">Oregon portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Multnomah_County,_Oregon,_United_States507" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Template:Multnomah County, Oregon"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Template talk:Multnomah County, Oregon"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Multnomah County, Oregon"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Multnomah_County,_Oregon,_United_States507" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Multnomah County, Oregon">Multnomah County, Oregon</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oregon" title="List of cities in Oregon">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairview,_Oregon" title="Fairview, Oregon">Fairview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresham,_Oregon" title="Gresham, Oregon">Gresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Oswego,_Oregon" title="Lake Oswego, Oregon">Lake Oswego</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maywood_Park,_Oregon" title="Maywood Park, Oregon">Maywood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukie,_Oregon" title="Milwaukie, Oregon">Milwaukie</a>‡</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portland</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troutdale,_Oregon" title="Troutdale, Oregon">Troutdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Village,_Oregon" title="Wood Village, Oregon">Wood Village</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Multnomah_County.svg/120px-Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Multnomah_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Multnomah_County.svg/250px-Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Multnomah_County.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="1069" /><figcaption>Multnomah County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Mill,_Oregon" title="Cedar Mill, Oregon">Cedar Mill</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunthorpe,_Oregon" title="Dunthorpe, Oregon">Dunthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orient,_Oregon" title="Orient, Oregon">Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Haven-Sylvan,_Oregon" title="West Haven-Sylvan, Oregon">West Haven-Sylvan</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville,_Oregon" title="Bonneville, Oregon">Bonneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_Veil,_Oregon" title="Bridal Veil, Oregon">Bridal Veil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Burlington, Multnomah County, Oregon">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbett,_Oregon" title="Corbett, Oregon">Corbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodson,_Oregon" title="Dodson, Oregon">Dodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holbrook,_Oregon" title="Holbrook, Oregon">Holbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlachen,_Oregon" title="Interlachen, Oregon">Interlachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latourell,_Oregon" title="Latourell, Oregon">Latourell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverview,_Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Riverview, Multnomah County, Oregon">Riverview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverwood,_Oregon" title="Riverwood, Oregon">Riverwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springdale,_Oregon" title="Springdale, Oregon">Springdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrendale,_Oregon" title="Warrendale, Oregon">Warrendale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_County_(Oregon)" title="East County (Oregon)">East County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oregon_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Oregon (state)">Oregon portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Washington_County,_Oregon,_United_States546" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Template:Washington County, Oregon"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Template talk:Washington County, Oregon"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Washington County, Oregon"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Washington_County,_Oregon,_United_States546" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Washington County, Oregon">Washington County, Oregon</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Oregon" title="Hillsboro, Oregon">Hillsboro</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_unincorporated_communities_in_Oregon" title="List of cities and unincorporated communities in Oregon">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banks,_Oregon" title="Banks, Oregon">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaverton,_Oregon" title="Beaverton, Oregon">Beaverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius,_Oregon" title="Cornelius, Oregon">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_Oregon" title="Durham, Oregon">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Grove,_Oregon" title="Forest Grove, Oregon">Forest Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Oregon" title="Gaston, Oregon">Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Oregon" title="Hillsboro, Oregon">Hillsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_City,_Oregon" title="King City, Oregon">King City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Oswego,_Oregon" title="Lake Oswego, Oregon">Lake Oswego</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Plains,_Oregon" title="North Plains, Oregon">North Plains</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portland</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivergrove,_Oregon" title="Rivergrove, Oregon">Rivergrove</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood,_Oregon" title="Sherwood, Oregon">Sherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigard,_Oregon" title="Tigard, Oregon">Tigard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tualatin,_Oregon" title="Tualatin, Oregon">Tualatin</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilsonville,_Oregon" title="Wilsonville, Oregon">Wilsonville</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Washington_County.svg/120px-Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Washington_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Washington_County.svg/250px-Map_of_Oregon_highlighting_Washington_County.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="1069" /><figcaption>Washington County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloha,_Oregon" title="Aloha, Oregon">Aloha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany,_Oregon" title="Bethany, Oregon">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Mountain,_Oregon" title="Bull Mountain, Oregon">Bull Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Hills,_Oregon" title="Cedar Hills, Oregon">Cedar Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Mill,_Oregon" title="Cedar Mill, Oregon">Cedar Mill</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Grove,_Oregon" title="Cherry Grove, Oregon">Cherry Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilley,_Oregon" title="Dilley, Oregon">Dilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Home%E2%80%93Whitford,_Oregon" title="Garden Home–Whitford, Oregon">Garden Home–Whitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlene_Village,_Oregon" title="Marlene Village, Oregon">Marlene Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metzger,_Oregon" title="Metzger, Oregon">Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Hills,_Oregon" title="Oak Hills, Oregon">Oak Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Hills,_Oregon" title="Raleigh Hills, Oregon">Raleigh Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockcreek,_Oregon" title="Rockcreek, Oregon">Rockcreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Haven%E2%80%93Sylvan,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="West Haven–Sylvan, Oregon">West Haven–Sylvan</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Slope,_Oregon" title="West Slope, Oregon">West Slope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacona,_Oregon" title="Bacona, Oregon">Bacona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blooming,_Oregon" title="Blooming, Oregon">Blooming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonita,_Oregon" title="Bonita, Oregon">Bonita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonny_Slope,_Oregon" title="Bonny Slope, Oregon">Bonny Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxton,_Oregon" title="Buxton, Oregon">Buxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation,_Oregon" title="Carnation, Oregon">Carnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chehalem,_Oregon" title="Chehalem, Oregon">Chehalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmonica,_Oregon" title="Elmonica, Oregon">Elmonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington,_Oregon" title="Farmington, Oregon">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gales_Creek,_Oregon" title="Gales Creek, Oregon">Gales Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood,_Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Glenwood, Washington County, Oregon">Glenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayward,_Oregon" title="Hayward, Oregon">Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazeldale,_Oregon" title="Hazeldale, Oregon">Hazeldale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Helvetia, Oregon">Helvetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huber,_Oregon" title="Huber, Oregon">Huber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Oregon" title="Kansas City, Oregon">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinton,_Oregon" title="Kinton, Oregon">Kinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel,_Oregon" title="Laurel, Oregon">Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurelwood,_Oregon" title="Laurelwood, Oregon">Laurelwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manning,_Oregon" title="Manning, Oregon">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Oregon" title="Middleton, Oregon">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway,_Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Midway, Washington County, Oregon">Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaindale,_Oregon" title="Mountaindale, Oregon">Mountaindale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulloy,_Oregon" title="Mulloy, Oregon">Mulloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwood,_Oregon" title="Norwood, Oregon">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenco,_Oregon" title="Orenco, Oregon">Orenco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress,_Oregon" title="Progress, Oregon">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reedville,_Oregon" title="Reedville, Oregon">Reedville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy,_Oregon" title="Roy, Oregon">Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholls,_Oregon" title="Scholls, Oregon">Scholls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber,_Oregon" title="Timber, Oregon">Timber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonquin,_Oregon" title="Tonquin, Oregon">Tonquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verboort,_Oregon" title="Verboort, Oregon">Verboort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Union,_Oregon" title="West Union, Oregon">West Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkesboro,_Oregon" title="Wilkesboro, Oregon">Wilkesboro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixie,_Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Dixie, Washington County, Oregon">Dixie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glencoe,_Oregon" title="Glencoe, Oregon">Glencoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Greenville, Washington County, Oregon">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcher,_Oregon" title="Thatcher, Oregon">Thatcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oregon_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Oregon (state)">Oregon portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Oregon587" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oregon" title="Template:Oregon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oregon" title="Template talk:Oregon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oregon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oregon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Oregon587" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Oregon-related_topics" title="Lists of Oregon-related topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Oregon-related_articles" title="Index of Oregon-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Oregon" title="Outline of Oregon">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Oregon" title="Climate of Oregon">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon#Geography" title="Oregon">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Oregon" title="Fauna of Oregon">fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Oregon" title="List of beaches in Oregon">beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Oregon" title="List of lakes of Oregon">lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Oregon" title="List of rivers of Oregon">rivers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Oregon" title="Government of Oregon">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Oregon" title="Constitution of Oregon">constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Oregon" title="United States congressional delegations from Oregon">delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oregon_ballot_measures" title="List of Oregon ballot measures">ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Oregon" title="Elections in Oregon">elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Oregon" title="Governor of Oregon">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Oregon" title="List of governors of Oregon">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oregon" title="History of Oregon">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Oregon_history" title="Bibliography of Oregon history">bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Oregon_history" title="Timeline of Oregon history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oregon_state_parks" title="List of Oregon state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Oregon" title="List of people from Oregon">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_pioneer_history" title="Oregon pioneer history">Pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Fair" title="Oregon State Fair">State Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oregon_state_symbols" title="List of Oregon state symbols">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Oregon" title="Abortion in Oregon">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Oregon" title="Culture of Oregon">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Oregon" title="Crime in Oregon">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon#Demographics" title="Oregon">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Oregon" title="Economy of Oregon">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon#Education" title="Oregon">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Oregon" title="Gun laws in Oregon">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Oregon">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Oregon" title="Gambling in Oregon">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Oregon" title="Politics of Oregon">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Oregon" title="List of regions of Oregon">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Western_Oregon" title="Western Oregon">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Prairie" title="French Prairie">French Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Oregon" title="Northwest Oregon">Northwest Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Coast" title="Oregon Coast">Oregon Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland metropolitan area, Oregon">Portland Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tualatin_Valley" title="Tualatin Valley">Tualatin Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_Valley" title="Willamette Valley">Willamette Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Oregon" title="Eastern Oregon">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harney_Basin" title="Harney Basin">Harney Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Desert_(Oregon)" title="High Desert (Oregon)">High Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palouse" title="Palouse">Palouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley" title="Treasure Valley">Treasure Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Oregon" title="Central Oregon">Central Oregon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:inherit"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Oregon" title="Southern Oregon">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Valley" title="Rogue Valley">Rogue Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:inherit">Shared</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">The Cascades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River_Gorge" title="Columbia River Gorge">Columbia Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Plateau" title="Columbia Plateau">Columbia Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hood_Corridor" title="Mount Hood Corridor">Mount Hood Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_Creek_Mountains" title="Trout Creek Mountains">Trout Creek Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_statistical_areas" title="Oregon statistical areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany%E2%80%93Corvallis%E2%80%93Lebanon_combined_statistical_area" title="Albany–Corvallis–Lebanon combined statistical area">Albany–Corvallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bend%E2%80%93Prineville_combined_statistical_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Bend–Prineville combined statistical area">Bend–Prineville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene</a>–<a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Oregon" title="Springfield, Oregon">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medford,_Oregon" title="Medford, Oregon">Medford</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Oregon" title="Ashland, Oregon">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="Portland metropolitan area, Oregon">Portland-Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area">Salem–Keizer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oregon" title="List of cities in Oregon">Largest cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresham,_Oregon" title="Gresham, Oregon">Gresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Oregon" title="Hillsboro, Oregon">Hillsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaverton,_Oregon" title="Beaverton, Oregon">Beaverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bend,_Oregon" title="Bend, Oregon">Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medford,_Oregon" title="Medford, Oregon">Medford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Oregon" title="Springfield, Oregon">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvallis,_Oregon" title="Corvallis, Oregon">Corvallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_Oregon" title="Albany, Oregon">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigard,_Oregon" title="Tigard, Oregon">Tigard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Oswego,_Oregon" title="Lake Oswego, Oregon">Lake Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keizer,_Oregon" title="Keizer, Oregon">Keizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grants_Pass,_Oregon" title="Grants Pass, Oregon">Grants Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_City,_Oregon" title="Oregon City, Oregon">Oregon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMinnville,_Oregon" title="McMinnville, Oregon">McMinnville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Oregon" title="Redmond, Oregon">Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tualatin,_Oregon" title="Tualatin, Oregon">Tualatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Linn,_Oregon" title="West Linn, Oregon">West Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodburn,_Oregon" title="Woodburn, Oregon">Woodburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Grove,_Oregon" title="Forest Grove, Oregon">Forest Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberg,_Oregon" title="Newberg, Oregon">Newberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilsonville,_Oregon" title="Wilsonville, Oregon">Wilsonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseburg,_Oregon" title="Roseburg, Oregon">Roseburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Falls,_Oregon" title="Klamath Falls, Oregon">Klamath Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Oregon" title="Ashland, Oregon">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukie,_Oregon" title="Milwaukie, Oregon">Milwaukie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood,_Oregon" title="Sherwood, Oregon">Sherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Valley,_Oregon" title="Happy Valley, Oregon">Happy Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Point,_Oregon" title="Central Point, Oregon">Central Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canby,_Oregon" title="Canby, Oregon">Canby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermiston,_Oregon" title="Hermiston, Oregon">Hermiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_Oregon" title="Pendleton, Oregon">Pendleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Oregon" title="List of counties in Oregon">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_County,_Oregon" title="Baker County, Oregon">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_County,_Oregon" title="Benton County, Oregon">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Clackamas County, Oregon">Clackamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clatsop_County,_Oregon" title="Clatsop County, Oregon">Clatsop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_Oregon" title="Columbia County, Oregon">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coos_County,_Oregon" title="Coos County, Oregon">Coos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crook_County,_Oregon" title="Crook County, Oregon">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_County,_Oregon" title="Curry County, Oregon">Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deschutes_County,_Oregon" title="Deschutes County, Oregon">Deschutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Oregon" title="Douglas County, Oregon">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilliam_County,_Oregon" title="Gilliam County, Oregon">Gilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_Oregon" title="Grant County, Oregon">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harney_County,_Oregon" title="Harney County, Oregon">Harney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_River_County,_Oregon" title="Hood River County, Oregon">Hood River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Oregon" title="Jackson County, Oregon">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Oregon" title="Jefferson County, Oregon">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_County,_Oregon" title="Josephine County, Oregon">Josephine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_County,_Oregon" title="Klamath County, Oregon">Klamath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Oregon" title="Lake County, Oregon">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_County,_Oregon" title="Lane County, Oregon">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Oregon" title="Lincoln County, Oregon">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_County,_Oregon" title="Linn County, Oregon">Linn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malheur_County,_Oregon" title="Malheur County, Oregon">Malheur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Oregon" title="Marion County, Oregon">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrow_County,_Oregon" title="Morrow County, Oregon">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Multnomah County, Oregon">Multnomah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polk_County,_Oregon" title="Polk County, Oregon">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_County,_Oregon" title="Sherman County, Oregon">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillamook_County,_Oregon" title="Tillamook County, Oregon">Tillamook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umatilla_County,_Oregon" title="Umatilla County, Oregon">Umatilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Oregon" title="Union County, Oregon">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallowa_County,_Oregon" title="Wallowa County, Oregon">Wallowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasco_County,_Oregon" title="Wasco County, Oregon">Wasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Washington County, Oregon">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_County,_Oregon" title="Wheeler County, Oregon">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamhill_County,_Oregon" title="Yamhill County, Oregon">Yamhill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/60px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Oregon" title="Portal:Oregon">Oregon portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/40px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG/60px-Abies_lasiocarpa_0775.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pacific_Northwest" title="Portal:Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States187" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USPopulousCities" title="Template talk:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States187" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100 most populous cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="26"> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="51"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="76"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Arizona" title="Gilbert, Arizona">Gilbert, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a></li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cities ranked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> population estimates for July 1, 2022.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Oregon30" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oregon_county_seats" title="Template:Oregon county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oregon_county_seats" title="Template talk:Oregon county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oregon_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oregon county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Oregon30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seats" class="mw-redirect" title="County seats">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_Oregon" title="Albany, Oregon">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Oregon" title="Astoria, Oregon">Astoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_City,_Oregon" title="Baker City, Oregon">Baker City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bend,_Oregon" title="Bend, Oregon">Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burns,_Oregon" title="Burns, Oregon">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_City,_Oregon" title="Canyon City, Oregon">Canyon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condon,_Oregon" title="Condon, Oregon">Condon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coquille,_Oregon" title="Coquille, Oregon">Coquille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvallis,_Oregon" title="Corvallis, Oregon">Corvallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas,_Oregon" title="Dallas, Oregon">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise,_Oregon" title="Enterprise, Oregon">Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil,_Oregon" title="Fossil, Oregon">Fossil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Beach,_Oregon" title="Gold Beach, Oregon">Gold Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grants_Pass,_Oregon" title="Grants Pass, Oregon">Grants Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heppner,_Oregon" title="Heppner, Oregon">Heppner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Oregon" title="Hillsboro, Oregon">Hillsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_River,_Oregon" title="Hood River, Oregon">Hood River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Falls,_Oregon" title="Klamath Falls, Oregon">Klamath Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Grande,_Oregon" title="La Grande, Oregon">La Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeview,_Oregon" title="Lakeview, Oregon">Lakeview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras,_Oregon" title="Madras, Oregon">Madras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMinnville,_Oregon" title="McMinnville, Oregon">McMinnville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medford,_Oregon" title="Medford, Oregon">Medford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro,_Oregon" title="Moro, Oregon">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Oregon" title="Newport, Oregon">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_City,_Oregon" title="Oregon City, Oregon">Oregon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_Oregon" title="Pendleton, Oregon">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prineville,_Oregon" title="Prineville, Oregon">Prineville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseburg,_Oregon" title="Roseburg, Oregon">Roseburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Helens,_Oregon" title="St. Helens, Oregon">St. Helens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dalles,_Oregon" title="The Dalles, Oregon">The Dalles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillamook,_Oregon" title="Tillamook, Oregon">Tillamook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale,_Oregon" title="Vale, Oregon">Vale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6106#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1853" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6106#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1853" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6106#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152427175">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJg8DHW88g7bRcMP8RqYT3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4226095-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79007500">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12019068f">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12019068f">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00853326">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134435&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4806740">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007552529605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2b748d6e-bc1c-4434-9f7b-ecd6332bc557">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/069898367">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045767">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&oldid=1283353606">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&oldid=1283353606</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Portland,_Oregon" title="Category:Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Oregon" title="Category:Cities in Oregon">Cities in Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Clackamas_County,_Oregon" title="Category:Cities in Clackamas County, Oregon">Cities in Clackamas County, Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Multnomah_County,_Oregon" title="Category:Cities in Multnomah County, Oregon">Cities in Multnomah County, Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Washington_County,_Oregon" title="Category:Cities in Washington County, Oregon">Cities in Washington County, Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:County_seats_in_Oregon" title="Category:County seats in Oregon">County seats in Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oregon_populated_places_on_the_Columbia_River" title="Category:Oregon populated places on the Columbia River">Oregon populated places on the Columbia River</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_on_the_Willamette_River" title="Category:Populated places on the Willamette River">Populated places on the Willamette River</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1845_establishments_in_Oregon_Country" title="Category:1845 establishments in Oregon Country">1845 establishments in Oregon Country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1845" title="Category:Populated places established in 1845">Populated places established in 1845</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_in_Oregon" title="Category:Port cities in Oregon">Port cities in Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Railway_towns_in_Oregon" title="Category:Railway towns in Oregon">Railway towns in Oregon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_the_Portland_metropolitan_area" title="Category:Cities in the Portland metropolitan area">Cities in the Portland metropolitan area</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Graph_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Graph extension">Pages using the Graph extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_disabled_graphs" title="Category:Pages with disabled graphs">Pages with disabled graphs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_January_2025" title="Category:Use mdy dates from January 2025">Use mdy dates from January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_September_2019" title="Category:Use American English from September 2019">Use American English from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_possible_nickname_list" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list">Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2020" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_bar_box_without_float_left_or_float_right" title="Category:Pages using bar box without float left or float right">Pages using bar box without float left or float right</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_January_2022" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2022">Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spoken_articles" title="Category:Spoken articles">Spoken articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 April 2025, at 00:16 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portland,_Oregon&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Portland, Oregon</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 121 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-6c4bt","wgBackendResponseTime":387,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_e2c2cb19f1c2837d52352a4d2b049b4d0e28f707":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q6106","properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#0096FF","title":"Portland, Oregon","fill":"#0096FF"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geomask","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q6106","properties":{"title":"Portland, Oregon","fill-opacity":0,"stroke-opacity":0,"stroke":"#5F5F5F","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#000000"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.576","walltime":"4.241","ppvisitednodes":{"value":31198,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":877289,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":48653,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":64,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1233227,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3475.532 1 -total"," 41.08% 1427.607 2 Template:Reflist"," 20.91% 726.853 198 Template:Cite_web"," 11.74% 408.023 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 10.16% 353.237 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.10% 316.378 76 Template:Cite_news"," 7.62% 264.912 40 Template:Cite_book"," 5.49% 190.633 17 Template:Sfn"," 3.06% 106.397 7 Template:Navbox"," 2.82% 98.003 1 Template:Inflation-fn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.101","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24108437,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbbott2001\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAllenBurnsSargent2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson,_John_Gottberg2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson,_Susan2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrew_Theen_The_Oregonian/OregonLive2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAshton,_David_F.2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBailey2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBanse,_Tom2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarth1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeck,_Dana2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerg2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBinder,_Melissa2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlumgart,_Jake2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBott,_Jacqueline_D.J.Wong,_Ivan_G.1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrett_Burmeister2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrettman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBusse2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButler,_Grant2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaballero,_Mary_Hull\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCamila_Domonoske2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassuto,_Dan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChakraborty2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandler2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrockett,_Zachary2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanver,_Steven_L.2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_SousaD\u0026#039;Souza2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDistefano2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDougherty2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDresbeck2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDure2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuxbury2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEastman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis,_Janey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEllis2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEly\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFECHTER2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFalsetto2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlanigan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoden-Vencil2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoster2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFottrell,_Quentin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoyston2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrazierTettey-Fio2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreilichSitkowskiMennilo2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriendman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrimoth2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGage2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeddes2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldbergRamakrishnan2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregory2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHagestedt2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHale,_Jamie2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHale2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammond2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammond2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHann,_Michael2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHewitt2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHogdson,_Beth2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolbrook1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHottman,_Sara2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHouck\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughley,_Marty2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuman_Rights_Campaign2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJarvie2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKATU_News2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKate_Sheppard2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKavanaugh2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy,_Sarah\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKorfhage,_Matthew2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKorn,_Peter2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKost,_Ryan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLansing2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaw,_Steve2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaw2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonhardt,_DavidCain_Miller,_Claire2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevinson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevitas2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoyStuart_AllanAileen_R._BuckleyJames_E._Meacham2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacColl1976\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMacColl1979\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMacGibbon1904\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManagement_Information_Services2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarschner2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMass2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaus2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCall2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonough2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerz2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMesh,_Aaron2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMike_Hsu2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller,_Clair_Cane2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohan,_Marc2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorical2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuskal,_Michael2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewcomb2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeyer2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNjus2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFNokes2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Donnell1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Toole2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOgden,_Tom2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlsen2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOregonian/OregonLive2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOregonian/OregonLiveOregonian/OregonLive2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrloff2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOzawa2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalahniuk2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPattiz2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerry2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerry2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPitawanich,_Christine2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlatt2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamakrishnan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRayburn,_AaronVickery,_Ben2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReed,_Jackson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReinhold,_Robert1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRitchie,_Rachel2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRivera2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogoway2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRojas-Burke,_Joe2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoos,_Roy_E.2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRose2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRose2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoth,_Sara\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandomir2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchadewald2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidt,_Brad2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidt2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott,_Aaron2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott1890\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSgobba2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepard2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlovic,_Beth2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrand2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStreeter2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwart2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwindler2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTempleton\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTims2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToll2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrimble,_Donald1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnquist,_Kristi2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnquist,_Kristi2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._Census_Bureau_Geography_Division\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._Census_Bureau_Geography_Division2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFVanderHartLevinsonEllisOrr2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVice2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeber,_Peter2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams,_Heidi2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson_III2004\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 8,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 10,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 38,\n [\"Cite court\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite map\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 76,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 197,\n [\"Clackamas County, Oregon\"] = 1,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 48,\n [\"Coord\"] = 4,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 4,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 10,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatprice\"] = 1,\n [\"GNIS\"] = 1,\n [\"Graph:Weather monthly history\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation-fn\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 13,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 4,\n [\"Multnomah County, Oregon\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Oregon\"] = 1,\n [\"Oregon county seats\"] = 1,\n [\"Party color cell\"] = 7,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Portland neighborhoods\"] = 1,\n [\"Portland, Oregon\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 12,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 17,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 10,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 3,\n [\"Spaced ndash\"] = 1,\n [\"Spoken Wikipedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 2,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"US Census population\"] = 1,\n [\"USPopulousCities\"] = 1,\n [\"USS\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Washington County, Oregon\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","340","15.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","13.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","200","8.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","8.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","120","5.3"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","100","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::newTitle","80","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","80","3.5"],["type","80","3.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","2.7"],["[others]","720","31.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65585cc8dc-sf4nt","timestamp":"20250401001721","ttl":2590966,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Portland, Oregon","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portland,_Oregon","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6106","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6106","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-05-16T20:40:39Z","dateModified":"2025-04-01T00:16:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ed\/Portland_Oregon_Aerial%2C_June_2024.jpg","headline":"city and county seat of\u00a0Multnomah County, Oregon, United States"}</script> </body> </html>