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A Brief History of Linux Professional Institute (LPI) - Linux Professional Institute (LPI)
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<ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-certification menu-item-477"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-1-overview/">LPIC-1</a></li> <li id="menu-item-478" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-certification menu-item-478"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-2-overview/">LPIC-2</a></li> <li id="menu-item-480" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-certification menu-item-480"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-3-300-overview/">LPIC-3 Mixed Environments</a></li> <li id="menu-item-481" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-certification menu-item-481"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-3-303-overview/">LPIC-3 Security</a></li> <li id="menu-item-482" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-certification menu-item-482"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-3-305-overview/">LPIC-3 Virtualization and Containerization</a></li> <li id="menu-item-479" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-certification menu-item-479"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/lpic-3-306-overview/">LPIC-3 High Availability and Storage Clusters</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-483" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-483"><a href="#"><span>Open Technology</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/open-technology.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/open-technology-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/open-technology-24x24.png.webp 24w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/open-technology-36x36.png.webp 36w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/open-technology-48x48.png.webp 48w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/open-technology.png" class="_mi _after _image webpexpress-processed" alt="" aria-hidden="true" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/open-technology.png 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/open-technology-150x150.png 150w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/open-technology-24x24.png 24w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/open-technology-36x36.png 36w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/open-technology-48x48.png 48w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px"></picture></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-485" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-certification menu-item-485"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/devops-overview/">DevOps Tools Engineer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-484" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-certification menu-item-484"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/bsd-overview/">BSD Specialist</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-486" class="br-link menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-486"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/summary-of-lpi-certifications/">View Summary of certifications ></a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-487" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-487"><a href="#">Individuals</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-488" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-488"><a href="#"><span>Benefit</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/learn.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/learn-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/learn-24x24.png.webp 24w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/learn-36x36.png.webp 36w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/learn-48x48.png.webp 48w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/learn.png" class="_mi _after _image webpexpress-processed" alt="" aria-hidden="true" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/learn.png 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/learn-150x150.png 150w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/learn-24x24.png 24w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/learn-36x36.png 36w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/learn-48x48.png 48w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px"></picture></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-25670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25670"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/value-of-certification/new-to-linux/">New to Linux</a></li> <li id="menu-item-490" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-490"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/value-of-certification/linux-professionals/">Linux Professionals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-491" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-491"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/how-to-get-certified/preparing-for-my-exam/">Exam Preparation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-492" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-492"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/value-of-certification/our-certification-development-standards/">How We Develop Our Exams</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-493" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-493"><a href="#"><span>Prove</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/prove.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/prove-150x150.png.webp 150w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/prove-24x24.png.webp 24w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/prove-36x36.png.webp 36w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/prove-48x48.png.webp 48w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/prove.png" class="_mi _after _image webpexpress-processed" alt="" aria-hidden="true" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/prove.png 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/prove-150x150.png 150w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/prove-24x24.png 24w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/prove-36x36.png 36w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/prove-48x48.png 48w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px"></picture></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-495"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/getting-started/">Getting Started</a></li> <li id="menu-item-494" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-494"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/online-testing/">Online Testing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16022" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-16022"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/exam-pricing/">Exam Pricing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-497" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-497"><a target="_blank" href="https://home.pearsonvue.com/lpi">Schedule Your Exam</a></li> <li id="menu-item-27064" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-27064"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/digital-badges/">Digital Badges</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-498" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-498"><a href="#"><span>Community</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/community.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/community-150x150.png.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/community.png" class="_mi _after _image webpexpress-processed" alt="" aria-hidden="true" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/community.png 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/community-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px"></picture></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-499" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-499"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/community-programs/">Join the Community</a></li> <li id="menu-item-500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-500"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/member/">Membership</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-501" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-501"><a href="#">Educators</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-502" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-502"><a href="#"><span>Teach</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/teach.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/teach-150x150.png.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/teach.png" class="_mi _after _image webpexpress-processed" alt="" aria-hidden="true" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/teach.png 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/teach-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px"></picture></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-503" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-503"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/community-programs/approved-trainer/">Become a Trainer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-504"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/value-of-certification/educators/">Why Offer LPI Training</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-505" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-505"><a href="#"><span>Publish</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/publish.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/publish-150x150.png.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/publish.png" class="_mi _after _image webpexpress-processed" alt="" aria-hidden="true" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/publish.png 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/publish-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px"></picture></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-506" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-506"><a href="https://learning.lpi.org/en/lpi-publishing-partner/become-lpp/">Become a Publishing Partner</a></li> <li id="menu-item-507" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-507"><a href="https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/become-contributor/">Become a Contributor</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-508"><a href="#"><span>Community</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/community.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/community-150x150.png.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/community.png" class="_mi _after _image webpexpress-processed" alt="" aria-hidden="true" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/community.png 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/community-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px"></picture></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-509" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-509"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/community-programs/">Join the Community</a></li> <li id="menu-item-510" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-510"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/member/">Membership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-511" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-511"><a target="_blank" href="http://list.lpi.org/">Exam Development Mailing Lists</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-512" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-512"><a href="#">Organizations</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-513" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-513"><a href="#"><span>Hire</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/hire.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/hire-150x150.png.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hire.png" class="_mi _after _image webpexpress-processed" alt="" aria-hidden="true" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hire.png 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/hire-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px"></picture></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-514" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-514"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/value-of-certification/employers/">Why Certified Employees</a></li> <li id="menu-item-515" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-515"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/programs/#hiring">Hiring Partner Program</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-516" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-516"><a href="#"><span>Teach</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/teach.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/teach-150x150.png.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/teach.png" class="_mi _after _image webpexpress-processed" alt="" aria-hidden="true" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/teach.png 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/teach-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px"></picture></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-517" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-517"><a href="https://find.lpi.org/training-partners">Find Training Partners</a></li> <li id="menu-item-27652" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-27652"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/partner-programs/become-training-partner/">Become an LPI Training Partner</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-519" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-519"><a href="#"><span>Use</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/use.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/use-150x150.png.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/use.png" class="_mi _after _image webpexpress-processed" alt="" aria-hidden="true" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/use.png 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/use-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px"></picture></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-520" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-520"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/value-of-certification/government/">Switch to Open Source</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-522" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-522"><a href="#"><span>Network</span><picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/community.png.webp 230w, https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/community-150x150.png.webp 150w" sizes="(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px" type="image/webp"><img width="230" height="230" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/community.png" class="_mi _after _image 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menu-item-object-page menu-item-51"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/member/"><span>Membership</span></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-52"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/search/"><span>Search</span></a></li> <li class="altred menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-26093"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/lpi25"><span>Our 25th Anniversary 🥳</span></a></li> <li class="alt menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23606"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/partner-programs"><span>Become a Partner</span></a></li> <li class="alt menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-58"><a href="https://www.lpi.org/our-certifications/getting-started/"><span>Get Certified</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <article id="post-75" class="clearfix post-75 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <div class="page-builder-section section-page_hero d-flex flex-column justify-content-center "> <div class="bg img-bg"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/history-of-lpi-header-05.jpg.webp" type="image/webp"><img fetchpriority="high" src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/history-of-lpi-header-05.jpg" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="page-body"> <h1>A Brief History of Linux Professional Institute (LPI)</h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-builder-section section-text cp" id="historia"> <div class="container"> <div class="page-body"> <p>Back in 1998, Apple released the iMac and Microsoft released Windows98. Unix was still a force on server computers but Microsoft Windows NT was promising major inroads into the server space. Linux was rapidly becoming a growing phenomenon with millions of users worldwide. Upstart companies, such as Red Hat and SUSE, were attracting the attention of corporate users with their commercial packaging and support of Linux, but analysts and IT journalists maintained Linux would never get beyond a niche presence without dramatic increases in professional support.</p> <p>That year, two separate community efforts were building momentum to try to address one of the perceived deep gaps in Linux support. If a company chose to deploy Linux, how would an IT manager be able to find qualified people to install, maintain, and support it?</p> <p>At the time, there were a large number of certification programs for Microsoft Windows systems and they provided a mechanism for companies to try to understand someone’s expertise with Windows. Could there be some similar kind of certification program for Linux? Red Hat started to develop their own certification for their Linux distribution. Several other distribution vendors started to mention creating their own certifications. Some people within the Linux community started to be concerned that we might wind up with multiple smaller Linux certifications that wouldn’t help advance the deployment of Linux as much as a common certification would.</p> <p>In October 1998, Dan York published in the Linux Gazette <a href="https://linuxgazette.net/issue33/york.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-cke-saved-href="https://linuxgazette.net/issue33/york.html">an article calling for a community Linux certification program</a>, resulting in an active community discussion group. Dan would go on to write a series of articles, with one outcome being that Linuxcare, a startup offering Linux support, contacted Dan and employed him specifically to build the LPI certification program.</p> <p>Meanwhile, a separate discussion led by Evan Leibovitch at the Canadian Linux Users Exchange was promoting a similar initiative. Jon “maddog” Hall, President of Linux International, who knew both Evan and Dan, introduced them, and they merged their efforts into a single project to create a community-based Linux certification program. The agreed objective was to take a different path from most IT certifications of the day, by being:</p> <ul> <li>Non-profit</li> <li>Neutral with regard to vendors, open source operating systems, and software distributions</li> <li>Opposed to using certification as a tool to sell “official training”</li> <li>Psychometrically-validated</li> <li>Multilingual and globally accessible</li> </ul> <p style="text-align: center;"><a id="download_partner_information" class="button" href="http://lpi.org/history#below" target="_self" data-cke-saved-href="http://lpi.org/history#below">Read more below the timeline!</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-builder-section section-timeline"> <div class="container"> <div class="timeline"> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/09/OSE.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/OSE.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2024</h3> <p>Release of Open Source Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/09/SE.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/SE.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2023</h3> <p>Release of Security Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/09/WDE.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/WDE.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2022</h3> <p>Release of Web Development Essentials</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2024/09/240927_lpi-timeline-icons_250000.png.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/240927_lpi-timeline-icons_250000.png.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2021</h3> <p>250,000 certifications delivered</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_Membership.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_Membership.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2020</h3> <p>Membership program launched</p> <p>Made online exams available</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_Le211215_lpi-timeline-icons_rning.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_Le211215_lpi-timeline-icons_rning.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2019</h3> <p>Launched learning.lpi.org to provide free Learning Materials and a list of all known study resources</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_BSD-DevOps.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_BSD-DevOps.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2018</h3> <p>First cert holder for Linux Professional Institute DevOps Tools Engineer, also added BSD Specialist</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/timeline-11.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/timeline-11.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2017</h3> <p>Bylaw change to include membership</p> <p>First DEVOPS TOOLS ENGINEER certification holder</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_500000.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_500000.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2014</h3> <p>500.000 registrations</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/timeline-08.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/timeline-08.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2012</h3> <p>First LINUX ESSENTIALS certification holder</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/timeline-04.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/timeline-04.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2010</h3> <p>First LPIC-3 Mixed Environment certification holder</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_50000.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_50000.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2009</h3> <p>Cert #50.000 delivered</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/timeline-04.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/timeline-04.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2008</h3> <p>First LPIC-3 Security certfication holder</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/timeline-06.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/timeline-06.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2004</h3> <p>UN Visit, keynotes and sponsoring of first ever open source in Africa conference</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_Present.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_Present.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2003</h3> <p>Invitation to present as open source expert by ITU</p> <p>500 people exam lab in Hong Kong and World Summit on Information Society (WSIS)</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_1000.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_1000.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2002</h3> <p>Cert #1.000 delivered</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/timeline-03.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/timeline-03.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2001</h3> <p>First LPIC-2 certification holder</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/timeline-02.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/timeline-02.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">2000</h3> <p>First LPIC-1 certification holder</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/timeline-10.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/timeline-10.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">1999</h3> <p>LPI first incorporated and signed with Pearson VUE</p> <p>Advisory Council and German Affiliate are created. LPI logo contest. Initial sponsors sign on</p> <p>First mission statement, Initiation Job Task Analysis for LPIC attracts 1400 participants</p> </div> </div> <div class="item d-md-flex align-items-center"> <div class="image"> <picture><source srcset="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/webp-express/webp-images/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_Newp211215_lpi-timeline-icons_per.png.webp" type="image/webp"><img src="https://www.lpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/211215_lpi-timeline-icons_Newp211215_lpi-timeline-icons_per.png" alt="" class="img-fluid webpexpress-processed"></picture> </div> <div class="text page-body"> <h3 class="h2">1998</h3> <p>Separate certification efforts merge into a single one</p> <p>Dan York writes „Creating a Linux Certification and Training Program“ for Linux Gazette</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-wpr-lazyrender="1" class="page-builder-section section-text cp" id="below"> <div class="container"> <div class="page-body"> <p id="below">By the spring of 1999, the certification effort caught the attention of Benoy Tamang at Caldera, a Linux distributor, who was considering launching their own independent certification program. Benoy paid for Dan and Evan to meet with the company and make a pitch for funding. The day before the pitch — April 4, 1999 — they ducked into the single meeting room of the La Quinta Inn in Orem, Utah where the three-tier program now known as Linux Professional Institute Certification was created. (While other LPI programs have since been added, the “LPIC” track remains functionally identical to the 1999 design.) Caldera liked what they saw the next day and decided not to pursue their own certification program and instead became LPI’s first corporate sponsor. Soon other sponsors, including IBM and SUSE, came on board.</p> <p>With a structure and preliminary funding in place, a team needed to be formed. Dan and Evan were joined by community members Charles “Scudder” Mead and Tom Peters. Rounding out the initial team was Scott Murray, a psychometrician who would ensure that the effort’s exams could be scientifically validated and uphold a high standard of quality from the very start. These five were the original incorporators of LPI. The non-profit was officially incorporated in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, because Canada was considered to be politically neutral and because New Brunswick was one of the few jurisdictions that allowed virtual board meetings in 1999.</p> <p>Many in the Linux community liked what the nascent LPI was proposing. As an example, Jon “maddog” Hall became the first Platinum Individual Charter Sponsor by contributing 1000 USD of his own money so LPI could deliver its first 200 tests.</p> <p>During this time the entirely volunteer LPI team expanded to include people working on many different aspects of the program. The team performed an extensive “job-task analysis” to ensure the exams covered the appropriate topics. Volunteers developed questions and ran them through beta-testing programs. Another group worked with VUE (later part of Pearson) to work out how to deliver the exams electronically through VUE’s network of testing centers. Over volunteers worked on marketing and promotion, while others continued to solicit donations and ensure the operations of the organization evolved. All of this happening through email lists and occasional conference calls.</p> <p>After the first Level 1 exams were delivered in 2000, followed by Level 2 in 2001, LPI started gaining international acceptance and community support. Like-minded groups quickly helped create local presences around the world, first in Japan then in Germany and Brazil.</p> <p>Realizing that testing centers were not available in all parts of the world, and wanting to make LPI certifications as accessible as possible, the LPI team also developed a mechanism for delivering the exams on paper in a proctored setting. In October of 2002, Jon “maddog” Hall cooperated with 4Linux, an early supporter of LPI in Brazil, to deliver 101 paper exams in Sao Paulo while on a trip to Latin America.</p> <p>In November 2003, LPI hosted more than 500 people at its exam lab at LinuxWorld Hong Kong, the largest of many such events. LPI has since certified people in more than 190 countries and territories and delivered exams in nine languages. Later in 2003, LPI participated in the first-ever United Nations World Summit on the Information Society with a delegation of 23 people, promoting open source and distributing thousands of Linux CDs to diplomats and NGOs. A partnership with L’Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF) brought low-cost open source certification to some of the world’s least developed economies. More recently we have launched new employment programs, are participating in Software Freedom Day worldwide, continue to participate in open source conferences everywhere, and have supported our partners in local advocacy efforts.</p> <p>Level 3 followed in 2007. LPI launched the introductory Linux Essentials program in 2012 and DevOps certification in 2017. We began work with the BSD Certification Group in 2017, leading to the 2019 launch of the BSD Specialist program.</p> <p>Over time, the LPI network of partners has expanded in both numbers and geographic reach, now numbering more than 700 partners in more than 190 countries and territories. In 2015 Network Development Group (NDG) released the first in a series of courses bringing LPI-focused education to the thousands of institutions and millions of students in the Cisco Networking Academy.</p> <p>For its 20th anniversary in 2019, the LPI Board introduced membership, as part of a substantial change in the organization’s governance and direction. This change would enable LPI-certified individuals to become Members of LPI, elect its Board, and help shape its direction. Our first-ever Board election was held at its Annual General Meeting in June 2021. As part of governance changes, LPI also introduced a Code of Ethics and committed to promoting professional conduct and personal development within its community of certified open source practitioners.</p> <p>In 2019, LPI introduced <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221124165640/http://learning.lpi.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-cke-saved-href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221124165640/http://learning.lpi.org/">learning.lpi.org</a>, a portal for learning materials that offered the first in a series of free study guides aimed to assist students and trainers alike.</p> <p>As it passes through the COVID years, now offering at-home certification exams, LPI’s history continues to be written. New partnerships, certification programs, languages, accessibility initiatives, and free training materials are in the works.</p> <p>LPI wants to thank everyone who has helped it grow from a couple of mailing lists into the world’s largest open source skills certification program. Special recognition is due to the companies Linuxcare and Starnix, for keeping Dan and Evan respectively on their payrolls while they worked on LPI during its early formation.</p> </div> </div> </div> </article><!-- #post --> <div data-wpr-lazyrender="1" class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-top d-lg-flex justify-content-between align-items-center"> <div class="footer-text"> <h3>Linux Professional Institute is a non profit organization.</h3> <p>Linux Professional Institute (LPI) is the global certification standard and career support organization for open source professionals. With more than 250,000 certification holders, it’s the world’s first and largest vendor-neutral Linux and open source certification body. 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