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accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Illa+volc%C3%A0nica" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Illa+volc%C3%A0nica" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Illa+volc%C3%A0nica" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Illa+volc%C3%A0nica" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Formació" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formació"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Formació</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formació-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipus_d'illes_volcàniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipus_d'illes_volcàniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tipus d'illes volcàniques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tipus_d'illes_volcàniques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Tipus d'illes volcàniques</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tipus_d'illes_volcàniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arc_d'illes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arc_d'illes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Arc d'illes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arc_d'illes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_dorsal_intraoceànica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_dorsal_intraoceànica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>De dorsal intraoceànica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_dorsal_intraoceànica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punt_calent_d'interplaca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punt_calent_d'interplaca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Punt calent d'interplaca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punt_calent_d'interplaca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forma_i_característiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forma_i_característiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Forma i característiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forma_i_característiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Illa volcànica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 44 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جزيرة بركانية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة بركانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkanik_ada" title="Vulkanik ada - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vulkanik ada" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_nin_bulkaniko" title="Isla nin bulkaniko - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Isla nin bulkaniko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Вулканічны востраў - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вулканічны востраў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Вулканичен остров - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вулканичен остров" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="دوورگەی بەرز - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دوورگەی بەرز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaninsel" title="Vulkaninsel - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vulkaninsel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Volcanic island" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaninsulo" title="Vulkaninsulo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vulkaninsulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_volc%C3%A1nica" title="Isla volcánica - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla volcánica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkaaniline_saar" title="Vulkaaniline saar - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vulkaaniline saar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uharte_bolkaniko" title="Uharte bolkaniko - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uharte bolkaniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="جزیره آتشفشانی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزیره آتشفشانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_volcanique" title="Île volcanique - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île volcanique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3-s%C3%A2n-t%C3%B3" title="Fó-sân-tó - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fó-sân-tó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%95%D7%94" title="אי גבוה - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אי גבוה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="ज्वालामुखीय द्वीप - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज्वालामुखीय द्वीप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_island" title="High island - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="High island" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B6" title="火山島 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="火山島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ვულკანური კუნძული - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვულკანური კუნძული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жанартаулық аралдар - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жанартаулық аралдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%82%B0%EC%84%AC" title="화산섬 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화산섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Жанартоо аралдары - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жанартоо аралдары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Вулкански остров - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вулкански остров" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoog_eiland" title="Hoog eiland - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoog eiland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkan%C3%B8y" title="Vulkanøy - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vulkanøy" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_volcanica" title="Illa volcanica - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Illa volcanica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyspa_wulkaniczna" title="Wyspa wulkaniczna - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyspa wulkaniczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_elevada_(geologia)" title="Ilha elevada (geologia) - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha elevada (geologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Вулканический остров - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вулканический остров" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Вулканічны островы - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вулканічны островы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulkanska_ostrva" title="Vulkanska ostrva - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vulkanska ostrva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_island" title="High island - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="High island" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Вулканско острво - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вулканско острво" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="எரிமலைத் தீவு - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எரிமலைத் தீவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Ҷазираи вулқонӣ - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷазираи вулқонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F" title="เกาะภูเขาไฟ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกาะภูเขาไฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkanik_ada" title="Volkanik ada - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Volkanik ada" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Вулканічні острови - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вулканічні острови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_n%C3%BAi_l%E1%BB%ADa" title="Đảo núi lửa - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảo núi lửa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B6" title="火山島 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="火山島" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%9B" title="火山岛 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="火山岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3e-soa%E2%81%BF-t%C3%B3" title="Hóe-soaⁿ-tó - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hóe-soaⁿ-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B6" title="火山島 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="火山島" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illa_volc%C3%A0nica&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volcanic_islands" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1161185" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Boraboraluft_gerade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Boraboraluft_gerade.jpg/220px-Boraboraluft_gerade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Boraboraluft_gerade.jpg/330px-Boraboraluft_gerade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Boraboraluft_gerade.jpg/440px-Boraboraluft_gerade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="1884" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Atol" title="Atol">Atol</a> de <a href="/wiki/Bora_Bora" title="Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a>. En primer pla, les <a href="/wiki/Illa_de_coral" class="mw-redirect" title="Illa de coral">illes de coral</a> que formen l'anell de l'atol. Al fons, l'illa principal (volcànica).</figcaption></figure> <p>Una <b>illa volcànica</b> és una <a href="/wiki/Illa" title="Illa">illa</a> que té un origen <a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A0" title="Volcà">volcànic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-defi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un exemple són les <a href="/wiki/Illa_de_coral" class="mw-redirect" title="Illa de coral">illes de corall</a> que tenen per origen la <a href="/wiki/Sedimentaci%C3%B3" title="Sedimentació">sedimentació</a>. Els dos tipus d'illes s'acostumen a trobar a prop les unes de les altres, especialment a l'<a href="/wiki/Oce%C3%A0_Pac%C3%ADfic" title="Oceà Pacífic">oceà Pacífic</a>. Volcà submarí que ha crescut prou per arribar a emergir de la mar (o bé d’un gran llac), o que ho ha fet per d’altres causes: <a href="/wiki/Epirog%C3%A8nesi" title="Epirogènesi">epirogènesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eustatisme" title="Eustatisme">eustatisme</a> o d'altres. (<i>en</i> island volcano, volcanic island; <i>es</i> isla volcánica; <i>fr</i> île volcanique)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formació"><span id="Formaci.C3.B3"></span>Formació</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illa_volc%C3%A0nica&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Formació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les illes volcàniques són estructures que poden tenir diferent origen depenent del context geodinàmic. Estan formades per la lava solidificada sorgida de volcans que originàriament es trobaven per sota del nivell del mar.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Des de fa uns quants anys, la vulcanologia s'ha encarregat d'estudiar l'origen dels volcans submarins, com generen illes volcàniques i com evolucionen. La gènesi de les illes volcàniques està relacionada amb el context geodinàmic i l'aportació de magma en el temps (Plank et al., 2020).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amb tot, l'origen de les illes volcàniques està subjecte a anomalies de fusió del mantell i a dinàmiques relacionades amb els moviments de les plaques tectòniques.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipus_d'illes_volcàniques"><span id="Tipus_d.27illes_volc.C3.A0niques"></span>Tipus d'illes volcàniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illa_volc%C3%A0nica&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Tipus d'illes volcàniques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les illes volcàniques que es van formar per l'activitat de volcans submarins [...] Poden ser de tres tipus: arcs d'illes (en zones de subducció), en dorsals oceàniques i en punts calents intraplaca.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arc_d'illes"><span id="Arc_d.27illes"></span>Arc d'illes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illa_volc%C3%A0nica&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Arc d'illes"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Són les que estan formades per una placa tectònica que flueix per sota d'una altra. La subducció crea una cadena de volcans que, a mesura que emergeixen, formen una cadena d'illes. </p><p>Els arcs d'illes solen ser una cadena corba d'illes volcàniques que es produeixen al voltant del marge de les conques oceàniques. La curvatura i la naturalesa volcànica són els seus trets característics importants. L'arc és convex cap a l'oceà i còncau cap al continent amb una rasa profunda paral·lela a l'arc al llarg del costat convex (oceà). Els arcs i les rases tenen centenars de quilòmetres. Alguns exemples coneguts d'arcs insulars són les illes del <a href="/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó">Japó</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Illes_Aleutianes" title="Illes Aleutianes">illes Aleutianes</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Illes_Mariannes" title="Illes Mariannes">illes Mariannes</a>, totes elles al <a href="/wiki/Oce%C3%A0_Pac%C3%ADfic" title="Oceà Pacífic">Pacífic</a>, i les <a href="/wiki/Petites_Antilles" title="Petites Antilles">Petites Antilles</a> al <a href="/wiki/Carib" title="Carib">Carib</a>. L'abundància de roques volcàniques al voltant de l'oceà Pacífic ha portat a la designació del marge del Pacífic com a "<a href="/wiki/Cintur%C3%B3_de_foc_del_Pac%C3%ADfic" title="Cinturó de foc del Pacífic">anell de foc</a>". La majoria dels volcans actius del món es troben en aquest cinturó.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_dorsal_intraoceànica"><span id="De_dorsal_intraoce.C3.A0nica"></span>De dorsal intraoceànica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illa_volc%C3%A0nica&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: De dorsal intraoceànica"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les provinents de volcans submergits que formaven part d'una dorsal oceànica. Els volcans de <a href="/wiki/Rift" title="Rift">rift</a> (al centre de la <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_oce%C3%A0nica" title="Dorsal oceànica">dorsal</a>) es formen quan el magma puja a la bretxa entre plaques divergents. Per tant, aquests volcans, es produeixen als límits reals de les plaques o a prop. Els mesuraments realitzats a <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia">Islàndia</a> suggereixen que la separació de plaques és un procés continu però que la fractura és intermitent, anàloga a una goma elàstica que s'estira lentament fins que es trenca. Els conjunts de terratrèmols i les erupcions volcàniques es produeixen quan l'estirament supera la força de les roques properes a la superfície, que després fractura al llarg d'esquerdes de submersió pronunciada paral·leles a l'esquerda. El magma basàltic que s'eleva al llarg d'aquestes fractures provoca erupcions de fissures de tipus islandès.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punt_calent_d'interplaca"><span id="Punt_calent_d.27interplaca"></span>Punt calent d'interplaca</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illa_volc%C3%A0nica&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Punt calent d'interplaca"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formades per un <a href="/wiki/Punt_calent" title="Punt calent">punt calent</a> (<i>hot spot</i>) sobre el qual es mou una placa tectònica.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Això genera extenses acumulacions de magma, que puja seguint corrents convectius procedents de prop del nucli terrestre. Al llarg del temps geològic, a mesura que la placa litosfèrica es desplaça sobre un punt calent, neixen nous volcans que resten alineats entre ells. Això es dona, per exemple, a les <a href="/wiki/Illes_Hawaii" title="Illes Hawaii">illes Hawaii</a> i a les <a href="/wiki/Illes_Can%C3%A0ries" title="Illes Canàries">illes Canàries</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forma_i_característiques"><span id="Forma_i_caracter.C3.ADstiques"></span>Forma i característiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illa_volc%C3%A0nica&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Forma i característiques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les illes volcàniques són geològicament les illes més joves i no pertanyen a cap plataforma continental. Agunes illes també són el resultat combinat de processos volcànics i continentals.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cal tenir en compte que el vulcanisme submarí pot ser el més important quant a volum, pel fet que hom només detecta una petita proporció dels volcans oceànics, que correspon a aquells que emergeixen per sobre el nivell de la mar.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les illes volcàniques, sovint formen una filera o arc d’illes, <a href="/wiki/Arc_insular" title="Arc insular">arc insular</a> que sovint voreja les fosses oceàniques i que habitualment és convexa vers l’oceà obert. Hom hi distingeix un arc extern o frontal, sense volcans actius, i un arc intern, amb volcans actius. Els arcs d’illes es compten entre les estructures geològiques més actives de la Terra.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illa_volc%C3%A0nica&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-defi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-defi_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBeaumontVandewielle1998"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Beaumont</span>, Émilie; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Vandewielle</span>, Agnès. <i>La tierra</i>. 1. ed..  París: Editions Fleurus, 1998, p. 18. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/2-215-061-44-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/2-215-061-44-8">ISBN 2-215-061-44-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+tierra&rft.aulast=Beaumont&rft.aufirst=%C3%89milie&rft.date=1998&rft.edition=1.+ed.&rft.pub=Editions+Fleurus&rft.place=Par%C3%ADs&rft.pages=18&rft.isbn=2-215-061-44-8"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cit.iec.cat/DGEOL/default.asp">illa volcànica</a>».  Diccionari de Geologia, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 1997. [Consulta: 14 novembre 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Schiavo, B.; Arredondo, T.E.; Inguaggiato, C., Meza, D. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.revista.unam.mx/2022v23n4/ferdinandea_origen_y_evolucion_de_las_islas_volcanicas/">Ferdinandea: origen y evolución de las islas volcánicas</a>» (en castellà-espanyol). <i>Revista Digital Universitária, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)</i>, 23, 04-08-2022, pàg. abstract. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.22201%2Fcuaieed.16076079e.2022.23.4.2">10.22201/cuaieed.16076079e.2022.23.4.2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Plank, S., Marchese, F., Genzano, N., Nolde, M., Martinis, S. (2020). The short life of the volcanic island New Late’iki (Tonga) analyzed by multi-sensor remote sensing data. Scientific Reports, 10, 22293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://epicentrogeografico.com/2018/03/que-son-las-islas-volcanicas/">Qué son las islas volcánicas</a>» (en castellà-espanyol).  epicentrogeografico.com, 2022. [Consulta: 14 novembre 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://personal.utdallas.edu/~pujana/oceans/island.html">Island Arc and Trench</a>» (en anglès).  utdallas.edu, University of texas at Dallas, 2022. [Consulta: 15 novembre 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDecker,_R.W.;_Decker,_B.B.2022"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Decker, R.W.; Decker, B.B.</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/volcano/Rift-volcanoes">Rift Volcanoes</a>» (en anglès).  Britannica.com, 2022. [Consulta: 15 novembre 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPortillo,_G.2022"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Portillo, G.</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteorologiaenred.com/ca/como-se-forman-las-islas.html">com es formen les illes</a>» (en català; castellà-espanyol).  meteorologiaenred.com, 26-09-2022. [Consulta: 14 novembre 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/vulcanisme">vulcanisme</a>».  enciclopedia.cat, GEC, 2013. [Consulta: 14 novembre 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/arc-dilles">arc d'illes, arc insular</a>».  enciclopedia.cat, GEC, 2013. [Consulta: 14 novembre 2022].</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volcanic_islands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Volcanic islands">Illa volcànica</a></b></i></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illa_volcànica&oldid=31724175">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illa_volcànica&oldid=31724175</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Illes_volc%C3%A0niques" title="Categoria:Illes volcàniques">Illes volcàniques</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria oculta: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_enlla%C3%A7_commonscat_des_de_Wikidata" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata">Pàgines amb enllaç commonscat des de Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 22 maig 2023 a les 11:37.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. 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