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class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Health care </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxation_and_budget_deficit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation_and_budget_deficit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Taxation and budget deficit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation_and_budget_deficit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Social Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Network_neutrality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Network_neutrality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Network neutrality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Network_neutrality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lobbying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lobbying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Lobbying </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lobbying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Labor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monetary_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monetary_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 Monetary policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monetary_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NASA_and_space_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NASA_and_space_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 NASA and space exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NASA_and_space_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Foreign policy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Foreign policy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arab–Israeli_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab–Israeli_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Arab–Israeli conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab–Israeli_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Iraq </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Iran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darfur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darfur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Darfur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darfur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Nuclear weapons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 North Korea </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extrajudicial_prisoners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extrajudicial_prisoners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Extrajudicial prisoners </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extrajudicial_prisoners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armenian_genocide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian_genocide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Armenian genocide </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian_genocide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.10 China </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.11 Foreign aid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.12 Georgia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.13 United Nations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_and_environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_and_environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Energy and environmental issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Energy_and_environmental_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Energy and environmental issues subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Energy_and_environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 The environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Domestic issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Domestic_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Domestic issues subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Domestic_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Judiciary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Same-sex_marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Same-sex_marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Same-sex marriage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Same-sex_marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abortion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Abortion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abortion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gun_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gun_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Gun control </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gun_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_penalty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_penalty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Death penalty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_penalty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Racial_justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Racial_justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Racial justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Racial_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_funding_for_embryonic_stem_cell_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_funding_for_embryonic_stem_cell_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Federal funding for embryonic stem cell research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_funding_for_embryonic_stem_cell_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patriot_Act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patriot_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.10 Patriot Act </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patriot_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> 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(August 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> This article compares the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_candidates,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States presidential candidates, 2008">presidential candidates</a> in the United States' <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 presidential election</a>. It does not cover <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">previous elections</a>. Because of <a href="/wiki/Ballot_access" title="Ballot access">ballot access</a> restrictions in the United States, not all candidates appeared on the ballots in all states. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates">Candidates</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Candidates">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_candidates_in_the_United_States_presidential_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="List of candidates in the United States presidential election, 2008">List of candidates in the United States presidential election, 2008</a></div> Those who were <a href="/wiki/Ballot_access" title="Ballot access">on the ballot</a> in enough states to theoretically win a majority in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Electoral_College" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Electoral College">U.S. Electoral College</a> are marked in bold. Candidates who are known to have appeared on at least two states' ballots are marked in italic. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Presidential candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Running mate </th> <th>Campaign site </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gene_Amondson" title="Gene Amondson">Gene Amondson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Prohibition_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Prohibition Party">Prohibition</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leroy_Pletten" class="mw-redirect" title="Leroy Pletten">Leroy Pletten</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geneamondson.com/prohibition-party-2004.html">geneamondson.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chuck Baldwin 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution Party">Constitution</a> </td> <td>Darrell Castle </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080505061830/http://www.baldwin2008.com/">baldwin2008.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr" title="Bob Barr">Bob Barr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Barr 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Libertarian_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Libertarian Party">Libertarian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allyn_Root" title="Wayne Allyn Root">Wayne Allyn Root</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827205342/https://www.bobbarr2008.com/">bobbarr2008.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3ger_Calero" title="Róger Calero">Róger Calero</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jay" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Jay">Charles Jay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party_(political_party)" title="Boston Tea Party (political party)">Boston Tea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Knapp" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas L. Knapp">Thomas L. Knapp</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cj08.com/">CJ08.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a>) </td> <td>America's Independent Party </td> <td>Brian Rohrbough </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070509093650/http://www.alankeyes.com/">alankeyes.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism & Liberation</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080522123922/http://www.votepsl.org/">votepsl.org</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johnmccain.com">johnmccain.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frank McEnulty </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_American_Independent_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New American Independent Party">New American Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Mangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Mangan (page does not exist)">David Mangan</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frankforpresident.org/">frankforpresident.org</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Green_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Green Party">Green</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Clemente" title="Rosa Clemente">Rosa Clemente</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315140259/http://www.votetruth08.com/">votetruth08.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(political_activist)" title="Brian Moore (political activist)">Brian Moore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Union_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Union Party">Liberty Union</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://votesocialist2008.org">votesocialist2008.org</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Matt_Gonzalez" title="Matt Gonzalez">Matt Gonzalez</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041101064500/http://votenader.org/">votenader.org</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://barackobama.com">barackobama.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Taxpayers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisiana Taxpayers Party">Louisiana Taxpayers Party</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_of_Montana" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution Party of Montana">Constitution Party of Montana</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Barry Goldwater, Jr.">Barry Goldwater, Jr.</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Michael Peroutka</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ronpaul2008.com/">ronpaul2008.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stevens_(Objectivist_Party_politician)" title="Tom Stevens (Objectivist Party politician)">Thomas Stevens</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Objectivist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivist Party">Objectivist</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ted_Weill" title="Ted Weill">Ted Weill</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Reform_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Reform Party">Reform</a> </td> <td>Frank McEnulty </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographical_data">Biographical data</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biographical data">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th> </th> <th width="16%"><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> </th> <th width="16%"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </th> <th width="16%"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> </th> <th width="16%"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr" title="Bob Barr">Bob Barr</a> </th> <th width="16%"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a> </th> <th width="16%"><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Gender </th> <td>Male </td> <td>Male </td> <td>Male </td> <td>Male </td> <td>Male </td> <td>Female </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Age </th> <td>72 </td> <td>47 </td> <td>74 </td> <td>59 </td> <td>56 </td> <td>53 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">Party</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> (former) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> (former) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (former) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Profession </th> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congressman" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congressman">U.S. Congressman</a>, Businessman <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Naval Aviator">Naval Aviator</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">Attorney</a>, Professor of Constitutional Law<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consumer_advocate" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer advocate">Consumer advocate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobbyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobbyist">lobbyist</a> </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congressman" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congressman">U.S. Congressman</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">United States Attorney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA employee</a> </td> <td>Pastor, <a href="/wiki/Syndicated_columnist" class="mw-redirect" title="Syndicated columnist">syndicated columnist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">radio host</a> </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congressman" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congressman">U.S. Congresswoman</a>, high school teacher, and college professor </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Undergraduate education </th> <td>B.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a> (The Naval Academy had a fixed curriculum and did not allow Midshipmen to pick a major) </td> <td>B.A. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Political_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Science">Political Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Relations">International Relations</a>) 1983<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> </td> <td>B.A. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_asian_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="East asian studies">East Asian Studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Relations">International Relations</a>) 1955 </td> <td>B.A. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Relations">International Relations</a>) 1970 </td> <td>B.A. <a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">Liberty University</a> </td> <td>B.A. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Relations">International Relations</a>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Graduate education </th> <td><a href="/wiki/National_War_College" title="National War College">National War College</a> </td> <td>J.D. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Law">Harvard Law</a> (1991) </td> <td>L.L.B. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Law">Harvard Law</a> (1958) </td> <td>M.A. <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="International Relations">International Relations</a>) (1972), J.D. <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Law_Center" title="Georgetown University Law Center">Georgetown University Law Center</a> (1977) </td> <td>Master's Degree in <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Bible_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Bible College">Christian Bible College</a> </td> <td>M.A. <a href="/wiki/Fletcher_School_of_Law_and_Diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy">Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> (1982?); diplomatic fellow, <a href="/wiki/Spelman_College" title="Spelman College">Spelman College</a> (1984); a PhD student at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>States/Countries lived in </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, Florida, <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone" title="Panama Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>, Washington, D.C. </td> <td>California, Hawaii, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, Indonesia, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, New York, Washington, D.C. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, Washington, D.C. </td> <td>California, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lima,_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Lima, Peru">Lima, Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran, Iran">Tehran, Iran</a>, Washington, D.C. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, Florida, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, California </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Last political office </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Senate_career_of_John_McCain,_US_Senator_2001%E2%80%93present" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate career of John McCain, US Senator 2001–present">U.S. Senator (1987–2018)</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senator (2005–2008)</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congressman (1995–2003)</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congresswoman (1993–2003, 2005–2007)</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Other political experience </th> <td>United States <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congressman</a> (1982–1986) </td> <td>Illinois State <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Senator</a> (1996–2004) </td> <td>Consultant to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">Department of Labor</a> (1964) </td> <td>Region 4 Representative for the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Committee" title="Libertarian National Committee">Libertarian National Committee</a> (2006–2008), <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">National Rifle Association</a> Board Member, </td> <td>Florida Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> (1980–1984), 2004 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a> vice presidential nominee </td> <td>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, (1988–1992) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>U.S. Senate committee memberships </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Armed Services Committee</a>; (Chairman of the) <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Commerce,_Science_and_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation">Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee</a>; (Chairman of the) <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs">Indian Affairs Committee</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_POW/MIA_Affairs" title="United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs">Committee on POW/MIA Affairs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor,_and_Pensions" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions">Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Foreign Relations</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Homeland_Security_and_Governmental_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs">Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Veterans' Affairs</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> </td> <td>Advised auto safety subcommittee (1964) </td> <td>None </td> <td>None </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>U.S. House committee memberships </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">Committee on the Judiciary</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Oversight_and_Government_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform">Committee on Oversight and Government Reform</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">Committee on Financial Services</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td>None </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">Committee on the Judiciary</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Oversight_and_Government_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform">Government Reform Committee</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">Committee on Financial Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Committee on Veteran's Affairs</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" title="United States House Committee on Natural Resources">Committee on Interior Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">Committee on Armed Services</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Military_Personnel" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Personnel">Subcommittee on Military Personnel</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Terrorism_and_Unconventional_Threats" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Terrorism and Unconventional Threats">Subcommittee on Terrorism and Unconventional Threats</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Budget" title="United States House Committee on the Budget">Committee on the Budget</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Management/Corporate experience </th> <td>Vice President of Public Relations for <a href="/wiki/Hensley_%26_Co." title="Hensley & Co.">Hensley & Co.</a> </td> <td>President of the <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama#Early_life_and_career" title="Barack Obama">Harvard Law Review</a>; Junior editor for <a href="/wiki/Business_International_Corporation" title="Business International Corporation">Business International Corporation</a>; Associate Lawyer of Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland </td> <td>None </td> <td>President of the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Legal_Foundation" title="Southeastern Legal Foundation">Southeastern Legal Foundation</a> </td> <td>Founded/lead Crossroad Baptist Church, Pensacola (1975–) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Teaching experience </th> <td>Gave the 114th <a href="/wiki/Kansas_State_University#Landon_Lecture_Series" title="Kansas State University">Landon Lecture</a> on March 15, 1999, at <a href="/wiki/Kansas_State_University" title="Kansas State University">Kansas State</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </td> <td>Lecturer in Constitutional Law at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> Law School (1993–2004) </td> <td>Professor of History and Government (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Hartford" title="University of Hartford">University of Hartford</a>) </td> <td>Adjunct professor teaching "Privacy and Public Policy in 21st century Business and Society" at <a href="/wiki/Kennesaw_State_University" title="Kennesaw State University">Kennesaw State University</a> (2008) </td> <td>Pastor of Crossroad Baptist Church, Pensacola (1975–) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a> Lecturer at <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">CSU</a> (2008) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Armed Forces experience </th> <td>(<a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_military_career_of_John_McCain#Military_career" title="Early life and military career of John McCain">1958–1981</a>) <a href="/wiki/Midshipman#United_States_Naval_and_Merchant_Marine_Academies" title="Midshipman">Midshipman</a>, US Naval Academy; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Naval Aviator">Naval Aviator</a>; <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">Prisoner of War</a>; <a href="/wiki/Commander_(United_States)" title="Commander (United States)">Commander</a>; <a href="/wiki/Commanding_officer#Navy_2" title="Commanding officer">Commanding Officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attack_Squadron_174_(U.S._Navy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack Squadron 174 (U.S. Navy)">VA-174 "Hellrazors"</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td><a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a> (1959) </td> <td>None </td> <td> </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Armed Forces awards </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_Star" title="Silver Star">Silver Star</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Merit" title="Legion of Merit">Legion of Merit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commendation_Medal" title="Commendation Medal">Navy Commendation Medal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Order_of_Vietnam" title="National Order of Vietnam">National Order of Vietnam</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> </td> <td>None </td> <td>None </td> <td>None </td> <td> </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Net worth (with spouse) </th> <td>$23–36 million (US$)<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> </td> <td>$10–16 million (US$)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> </td> <td>$4 million (US$)<a href="#cite_note-naderbio-9">[9]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>$50,000 (US$)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Spouse </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Hensley_McCain" class="mw-redirect" title="Cindy Hensley McCain">Cindy Hensley McCain</a> (m. 1980) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (m. 1992) </td> <td>None </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeri_Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeri Barr">Jeri Barr</a> (m. 1986) </td> <td>Connie Cole Baldwin (m. 1973) </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Spouse's undergraduate education </th> <td>B.A. in education, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> </td> <td>B.A. in sociology, 1985,<a href="#cite_note-womanbehind-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>None </td> <td> </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Spouse's graduate education </th> <td>M.A. in Special Education,<a href="#cite_note-BLS_Occupation_Handbook-Special_Education_Teachers-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> </td> <td>J.D. in Law, 1988,<a href="#cite_note-BLS_Occupation_Handbook-Lawyers-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Princetonian-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>None </td> <td> </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th>Spouse's profession </th> <td>High school teacher, businessperson, philanthropist </td> <td>Attorney, executive </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>Numerous positions in <a href="/wiki/Cobb,_Georgia" title="Cobb, Georgia">Cobb</a>, Georgia </td> <td> </td> <td>n/a </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_issues">Economic issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economic issues">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tax_policy">Tax policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tax policy">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3">Projected Federal income tax changes in 2009 assuming all tax proposals were adopted by congress and the budget remains the same. Yellow is for the projected tax change most favorable to people in that income bracket. </td></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Income</td> <td>Average tax bill</td> <td>Average tax bill </td></tr> <tr> <td>Over $2.9M</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">−$269,364</td> <td>+$701,885 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$603K and up</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">−$45,361</td> <td>+$115,974 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$227K–$603K</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">−$7,871</td> <td>+$12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$161K–$227K</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">−$4,380</td> <td>−$2,789 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$112K–$161K</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">−$2,614</td> <td>−$2,204 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$66K–$112K</td> <td>−$1,009</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">−$1,290 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$38K–$66K</td> <td>−$319</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">−$1,042 </td></tr> <tr> <td>$19K–$38K</td> <td>−$113</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">−$892 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Under $19K</td> <td>−$19</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">−$567 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>,<a href="#cite_note-cnn2008june11-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tax_Policy_Center" title="Tax Policy Center">Tax Policy Center</a>,<a href="#cite_note-taxpolicycenter-17">[17]</a> BarackObama.com,<a href="#cite_note-obamataxes-18">[18]</a> and JohnMcCain.com<a href="#cite_note-mccainplan-19">[19]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> The third-party candidates' tax plans were not studied by mainstream media outlets and the Tax Policy Center. Chuck Baldwin supports replacing the income tax with a 10% across-the-board tariff on imported goods.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Bob Barr supports replacing the income tax with a <a href="/wiki/Consumption_tax" title="Consumption tax">consumption tax</a> (the <a href="/wiki/FairTax" title="FairTax">FairTax</a>). The details of his exact plan are not known but consumption taxes tend to be <a href="/wiki/Regressive_tax" title="Regressive tax">regressive</a> unless accompanied by a <a href="/wiki/Negative_income_tax" title="Negative income tax">negative income tax</a> for the poor to offset necessary expenditures.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Cynthia McKinney supports sharply <a href="/wiki/Progressive_taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive taxation">progressive taxation</a>, with higher taxes for the rich and a tax cut for the middle class.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_crisis_and_bailout">Financial crisis and bailout</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Financial crisis and bailout">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economic_crisis_of_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic crisis of 2008">Economic crisis of 2008</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008" title="Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008">Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Supported bailout </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Supported bailout </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Bob Barr </th> <th colspan="2">Cynthia McKinney </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Opposed bailout.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Barr will seek to limit policies that permit political interference in the economy in favor of the exercise of a free-market economic model. This would include: formally and clearly end the bailouts which promote private economic retrenchment and corporate work-outs; limiting powers of the government to place sustained federal pressure to increase mortgage lending, through Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; amending or revoking the <a href="/wiki/Community_Reinvestment_Act" title="Community Reinvestment Act">Community Reinvestment Act</a>; limiting the ability of the Federal Reserve to manipulate the currency for political purposes; Ensuring enforcement of the SEC regulations to insure solvency and transparency in the operation of major investment firms; Permanently lowering tax rates and simplifying taxes to more effectively reinforce long-term plans for hiring, inventory and production; cutting environmental rules such as Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards on vehicles; initiating a detailed audit of federal rules, relaxing or eliminating any regulations for which costs outweigh benefits; reducing penalties on people for delayed tax payments and premature withdrawals from IRAs; ending nonessential federal spending, particularly frivolous special interest outlays; Over the longer term, evaluate, plan, and implement for future federal liabilities and obligations—FDIC bank guarantees, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation promises, Social Security and Medicare liabilities, and more.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Opposed $700 billion bailout to Wall Street. Instead offered a 14-point proposal which included a moratorium on foreclosures; elimination of all ARM mortgages and their renegotiation into 30- or 40-year loans; the establishment of new mortgage lending practices to end predatory and discriminatory practices; the establishment of criteria and construction goals for affordable housing; a redefinition of credit and regulation of the credit industry so that discriminatory practices are eliminated; full funding for initiatives that eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in home ownership; recognition of shelter as a right according to the UN Declaration of Human Rights; targeting of funds to cushion job loss and provide for retraining of those at the bottom of the income scale as the economy transitions; the closure all tax loopholes and repeal of the Bush tax cuts for the top 1% of income earners; fair taxation of corporations, denial of federal subsidies to those who relocate jobs overseas repeal NAFTA; the appointment of former Comptroller General David Walker to fully audit all recipients of taxpayer cash infusions, including JP Morgan, Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and AIG, and to monitor their trading activities into the future; the elimination of all derivatives trading; the nationalization of the Federal Reserve; and the establishment of a federally owned, public banking system that makes credit available for small businesses, homeowners, manufacturing operations, renewable energy and infrastructure investments; and criminally prosecute any activities that violated the law, including conflicts of interest that led to the current crisis.<a href="#cite_note-GP-25">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Chuck Baldwin </th> <th colspan="2">Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Opposed bailout.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Ralph Nader opposed the bailout, suggesting that derivatives transactions be taxed instead.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade">Trade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Trade">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_free_trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="United States free trade agreements">United States free trade agreements</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain is a strong proponent of <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oti-freetrade-29">[29]</a> He supports the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA), the existing <a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a>, and U.S. participation in the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO).<a href="#cite_note-oti-freetrade-29">[29]</a> He opposes including labor and environmental conditions to trade agreements.<a href="#cite_note-oti-freetrade-29">[29]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama supports expanding trade only if the United States' trade partners place labor and environmental standards on their industries to "level the playing field" for American interests. If elected president, Obama plans to renegotiate NAFTA to include stricter labor and environmental standards for Canada and Mexico. He has criticized the current agreement for not including such standards, and he also voted against and criticized the <a href="/wiki/Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Central America Free Trade Agreement">Central America Free Trade Agreement</a> (CAFTA) for similar reasons.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Baldwin would lead the US out of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Central America Free Trade Agreement">Central America Free Trade Agreements</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> He would impose a revenue <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CB-OnTheIssues-32">[32]</a> </td> <td>Barr's campaign site states that America "should encourage private involvement around the world, particularly through free trade. The most effective way to preserve peace is through an expanding free market, backed by a full range of cultural and other private relationships".<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> </td> <td>McKinney stresses enacting laws on US corporations to keep labor standards high at home and raise them abroad. She would repeal NAFTA (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a>), CAFTA, the Caribbean FTA, and US-Peru FTA. She opposes the guest-worker program as riddled with abuses; supports justice for immigrant workers, and immigrant reform that includes amnesty and a path to legalization for undocumented people who have been living and working in the US for years.<a href="#cite_note-McKinney_on_healthcare-34">[34]</a> </td> <td>Nader views NAFTA and the WTO as subverting national regulatory agencies. He blames them for diminishing standards of living (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_bottom" title="Race to the bottom">race to the bottom</a>). Nader supports a constitutional amendment asserting the "sovereignty of people over the power of corporations."<a href="#cite_note-nadertrade-35">[35]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care">Health care</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Health care">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_care_reform_in_the_United_States_presidential_election,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care reform in the United States presidential election, 2008">Health care reform in the United States presidential election, 2008</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in the United States">Health care in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_care_reform_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care reform in the United States">Health care reform in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain favors tax credits of up to $5,000 for families that purchase health insurance.<a href="#cite_note-wapo102007-36">[36]</a> "We do not believe in coercion and the use of state power to mandate care, coverage or costs."<a href="#cite_note-wapo102007-36">[36]</a> His plan would reduce the number of uninsured by 1 million by 2009 and 5 million by 2013, while raising the national debt by $1.3 trillion over 10 years, according to one estimate.<a href="#cite_note-taxpolicycenter1-37">[37]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama's health care plan includes implementing guaranteed eligibility for affordable health care for all Americans.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> His plan would reduce the number of uninsured by 18 million by 2009 and 34 million by 2018, covering nearly all children, while raising the national debt by $1.6 trillion over 10 years, according to one estimate.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Believes in supplying better health care to America's veterans.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> Supports freedom of choice, opposes compulsory vaccination.<a href="#cite_note-CB-OnTheIssues-32">[32]</a> </td> <td>Wants to cut costs by reducing controls and regulations. Believes Medicare and Medicaid are financially unstable, and "need to be transformed to emphasize patient choice, focus on the truly needy, and add cost-saving incentives."<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Healthcare-40">[40]</a> </td> <td>Co-sponsored every bill in Congress to create a system of <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-payer health care">single payer</a> model. Opposes forced, coerced, or uninformed medication and sterilization; believes Americans should be able to purchase drugs from other countries if the price is cheaper, and the U.S. should negotiate with drug companies to provide cheaper drugs for all U.S. residents.<a href="#cite_note-McKinney_on_healthcare-34">[34]</a> </td> <td>Nader supports a universal <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-payer health care">single-payer health care</a> system and full <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> for everyone.<a href="#cite_note-nadermeetthepress-41">[41]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxation_and_budget_deficit">Taxation and budget deficit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Taxation and budget deficit">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">United States federal budget</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="25%">While McCain has more often favored deficit reduction over tax cuts,<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> he supports both, and has pledged not to rescind recent tax cuts in combination with reduced spending.<a href="#cite_note-mercury0416-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-mccain_com_reform-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> McCain believes that lower taxes will stimulate the economy, and that the current deficit owes more to overspending than to tax cuts.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> McCain plans to balance the budget by the end of his first term.<a href="#cite_note-mccain_com_reform-45">[45]</a> According to the Tax Policy Center, McCain's tax plans (by extending the Bush tax cuts and cutting corporate tax rates from 35% to 25% to increase investment, among other measures), would increase the national debt by nearly $5 trillion over 10 years, a nearly 50% increase.<a href="#cite_note-taxpolicycenter1-37">[37]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama advocates responding to the "precarious budget situation" by eliminating "tax credits that have outlived their usefulness", closing corporate tax loopholes, and restoring the <a href="/wiki/PAYGO" title="PAYGO">PAYGO</a> policy that prohibits increases in federal spending without a way to compensate for the lost revenue.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Obama proposes extending the Bush tax cuts for low- and middle-income families, while letting taxes go back up for individuals earning over $200,000 or couples earning over $250,000. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Baldwin would work to repeal the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Sixteenth Amendment</a> (income tax), inheritance taxes, and property taxes. "We are <a href="/wiki/National_bankruptcy" class="mw-redirect" title="National bankruptcy">bankrupting</a> our country with this incessant and burdensome tax system."<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>Barr supports repealing the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Sixteenth Amendment</a> and mentions the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Tax">Fair Tax</a> as a possible alternative. "Meaningful tax reform begins with reining in government spending."<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Taxes-49">[49]</a> </td> <td>Would repeal Bush tax cuts for top 1% of income earners; close tax loopholes; tax corporations more; and deny federal subsidies to those who relocate jobs overseas. Proposes to regain control of the monetary system and respond to the current economic crisis, by steps that include a moratorium on foreclosures; elimination of all ARM mortgages and their renegotiation into 30- or 40-year loans; establishment of new mortgage lending practices to end predatory and discriminatory practices; funds targeted at cushioning job loss and retraining of those at the bottom of the income scale as the economy transitions; appointment of former Comptroller General David Walker to fully audit all recipients of taxpayer cash infusions, including JP Morgan, Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and AIG, and to monitor their trading activities into the future; elimination of all derivatives trading; nationalization of the Federal Reserve and the establishment of a federally owned, public banking system that makes credit available for small businesses, homeowners, manufacturing operations, renewable energy, and infrastructure investments; criminal prosecution of any conflicts of interest that led to the current crisis.<a href="#cite_note-GP-25">[25]</a> </td> <td>Nader opposes <a href="/wiki/Corporate_welfare" title="Corporate welfare">corporate welfare</a> and seeks to end corporate loopholes, exemptions, credits, accelerated depreciation schedules, deductions, and targeted exceptions.<a href="#cite_note-cuttingcorporate-50">[50]</a> He would balance the national budget by cutting military spending by $100 billion, or about a fifth, and through sharply <a href="/wiki/Progressive_taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive taxation">progressive taxation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-naderglobe-51">[51]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_Security">Social Security</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Social Security">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_debate_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Security debate (United States)">Social Security debate (United States)</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">In June 1999, McCain said "The only way to increase the yield on Social Security dollars is by allowing workers to make investment decisions for themselves; by empowering American families to invest, in most robust portfolios, a portion of their earnings for Social Security that they would otherwise pay in taxes to Social Security."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In January 2000, he repeated his strong support for creating private Social Security accounts.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Partial privatization, or diverting payroll taxes to private accounts, would reduce available funds for current retirees significantly, requiring large debt increases to cover the transition.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama has said that Social Security's funding problem is "real but manageable." He has proposed to fund Social Security by applying payroll taxes to individual income above $250,000 per year, and says that these high-income earners should "pay their fair share." When asked if he would consider raising the retirement age or cutting benefits, Obama did not rule these approaches out entirely, saying, "everything should be on the table." However, he has said that he would not push for either of those approaches, and says that an increase in tax revenue is necessary to stabilize the system. Obama opposes adding personal accounts to Social Security.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Phase out Social Security.<a href="#cite_note-CB-OnTheIssues-32">[32]</a> </td> <td>Social security is not sustainable.<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Entitlement_Programs-56">[56]</a> Social Security should be changed to an "individualized system of private accounts."<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issue_Paper-Social_Security-57">[57]</a> </td> <td>McKinney strongly opposes privatizing Social Security, and recognizes cuts disproportionately harm women.<a href="#cite_note-Social_Security-58">[58]</a> She believes tax payments on benefits should be reduced, and benefits increased.<a href="#cite_note-Social_Security2-59">[59]</a> </td> <td>Nader views Social Security as "government as it should work – a coming together of society to ensure that we, as a community, take care of each other as we age or suffer from disabilities."<a href="#cite_note-nadersecurity-60">[60]</a> Nader opposes a privatized system that would replace "systemic tranquility with an enforced anxiety". He says people are already able to take risk in the stock market through <a href="/wiki/Individual_Retirement_Account" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual Retirement Account">IRAs</a>, <a href="/wiki/401K" class="mw-redirect" title="401K">401Ks</a> and other tax-subsidized private retirement devices.<a href="#cite_note-nadersecurity-60">[60]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Network_neutrality">Network neutrality</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Network neutrality">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Network_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Network neutrality">Network neutrality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Network_neutrality_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Network neutrality in the United States">Network neutrality in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain is against government regulation of <a href="/wiki/Network_neutrality_in_the_US" class="mw-redirect" title="Network neutrality in the US">network neutrality</a> unless evidence of abuse exists. He is quoted in May 2007 as saying, "let's see how this thing all turns out, rather than anticipate a problem that so far has not arisen in any significant way,"<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> and, "When you control the pipe you should be able to get profit from your investment."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama is "a strong supporter of Net neutrality," saying that regulations are required to prevent the telecom companies from changing "the internet as we know it." Promoting net neutrality would be a priority in his first year as president.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>In June, 2006 McKinney voted for network neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> </td> <td>Strongly supports net neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lobbying">Lobbying</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lobbying">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States" title="Lobbying in the United States">Lobbying in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain does not allow his staffers to hold positions as lobbyists.<a href="#cite_note-obamalobbying-66">[66]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama does not take contributions from federally registered lobbyists or PACs, though he does accept money from non-federal lobbyists and unregistered lobbyists.<a href="#cite_note-obamalobbying-66">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>At the beginning of his campaign, Nader stated that he "will receive no money from commercial interests, no money from political action committees, only from individuals."<a href="#cite_note-nadermeetthepress-41">[41]</a> He sees Washington D.C. as "corporate-occupied territory, every department agency controlled by overwhelming presence of corporate lobbyists, corporate executives in high government positions."<a href="#cite_note-nadermeetthepress-41">[41]</a> He supports public financing of campaigns and free TV and radio time for ballot qualified candidates.<a href="#cite_note-naderblitzer-67">[67]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain is opposed to federal funding of <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>. He considers it to be a "<a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">pork barrel</a> project", particularly as far as longer distance trains are concerned.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> He has also argued for more stringent safety standards with respect to cars.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Supports increased funding for public transit using alternative fuel technologies.<a href="#cite_note-transit-71">[71]</a> </td> <td>Nader was instrumental in the unanimous passage of the 1966 <a href="/wiki/National_Traffic_and_Motor_Vehicle_Safety_Act" title="National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act">National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pbsunreasonable-72">[72]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labor">Labor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Labor">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Labour_economics" title="Labour economics">Labour economics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">John McCain voted for the <a href="/wiki/Family_and_Medical_Leave_Act_of_1993" title="Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993">Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993</a> which granted workers the right to take 12 weeks of unpaid leave for family medical reasons without being penalized by their employer. McCain sponsored the Family Friendly Workplace Act which sought to allow employers to provide more flexible work schedules to help balance work and family.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Impose a revenue <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariff</a> on all foreign goods to keep jobs in America.<a href="#cite_note-CB-OnTheIssues-32">[32]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Wants to repeal the anti-union <a href="/wiki/Taft-Hartley_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Taft-Hartley Act">Taft-Hartley Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-trade_agreements-74">[74]</a> Supports <a href="/wiki/Full_employment" title="Full employment">full employment</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Living_wage" title="Living wage">living wage</a> for all workers. Supports justice for immigrant workers, and opposes guest-worker programs as riddled with abuses.<a href="#cite_note-platform-75">[75]</a> Opposes 'free trade' agreements and unelected international trade authorities (NAFTA, CAFTA, WTO, GATT, 'Fast Track', etc.) that give corporate power and profit priority over labor rights and environmental protections; McKinney has voted against these agreements and advocates withdrawal. Human rights protections and amnesty for undocumented immigrants, an end to raids, and tearing down the border wall; believes the flood of new immigrants is a result of economic policies and agreements (e.g., NAFTA) that impoverish people and drive them across borders, and that immigration should be addressed by fixing these policies while ensuring worker rights and right to organize. Favors a strong safety net for middle- and low-income working people and families, with support for Main Street (small businesses and local economies) instead of Wall Street, and a massive transfer of federal funding from military contract and war spending to human needs.<a href="#cite_note-trade_agreements-74">[74]</a> </td> <td>Nader promises to repeal the <a href="/wiki/Taft-Hartley_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Taft-Hartley Act">Taft-Hartley Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nadermeetthepress-41">[41]</a> He supports an increase in the minimum wage to $10 an hour to give low-wage workers "a fair return for their work".<a href="#cite_note-naderabc-76">[76]</a> Nader supports <a href="/wiki/Family_farms" class="mw-redirect" title="Family farms">family farms</a> and opposes large <a href="/wiki/Corporate_farming" title="Corporate farming">agribusiness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> He is credited with helping pass the <a href="/wiki/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Act_of_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977">Mine Health and Safety Act</a> (1977), <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower_Protection_Act" title="Whistleblower Protection Act">Whistleblower Protection Act</a> (1989), and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">OSHA</a> (1970) – all three are fundamental to modern labor protection.<a href="#cite_note-pbsunreasonable-72">[72]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monetary_policy">Monetary policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Monetary policy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">Monetary policy</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">  </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Baldwin would eliminate the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> and move the US from <a href="/wiki/Fiat_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat currency">fiat currency</a> back to <a href="/wiki/Hard_currency" title="Hard currency">hard money</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>"Congress must insist on accountability and transparency in the Federal Reserve's operation, while reconsidering the Fed's almost total control over the money supply."<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Monetary_Policy-78">[78]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NASA_and_space_exploration">NASA and space exploration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: NASA and space exploration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">John McCain sponsored legislation to support the commercial space industry and led the Senate's efforts to implement improvements to NASA after the Columbia accident. McCain pledged that as president he would ensure that space exploration is top priority and that the U.S. remains a leader and is committed to funding the NASA Constellation program to ensure it has the resources it needs to begin a new era of human space exploration.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">"As president, Obama will support the development of this vital new platform <a href="/wiki/Crew_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Crew Exploration Vehicle">Crew Exploration Vehicle</a> to ensure that the United States' reliance on foreign space capabilities is limited to the minimum possible time period."<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Foreign policy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab–Israeli_conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Arab–Israeli conflict">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> and Israel</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">In a speech to the <a href="/wiki/American_Israel_Public_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="American Israel Public Affairs Committee">American Israel Public Affairs Committee</a> on April 23, 2002, McCain said that "no American leader should be expected to sell a false peace to our ally, consider Israel's right to self-defense less legitimate than ours, or insist that Israel negotiate a political settlement while terrorism remains the Palestinians' preferred bargaining tool."<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama supports a two-state solution.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Referring to the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> in January 2006, Obama denounced <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> while praising former Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>. At a meeting with then Israeli Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Silvan_Shalom" title="Silvan Shalom">Silvan Shalom</a> on the eve of <a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">Hamas' sweeping election victory</a>,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Obama stated that Sharon's role in the conflict had always been "absolutely important and constructive."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>US should stop weapons transfers to Middle East countries, including Israel—and be "honest broker." In terms of two- versus one-state solution, would listen to the voices and human rights advocates who are there.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> </td> <td>Nader supports the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_peace_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli peace movement">Israeli peace movement</a> and views resolution of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> as central to national security.<a href="#cite_note-nadergoodman-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-naderquestionairre-86">[86]</a> Nader was critical of the US-supported <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">bombing of Lebanon</a> in 2006, seeing it as <a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nadergoodman-85">[85]</a> Nader wants enforcement of <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel">UN resolutions concerning Israel</a> and a peaceful <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nadergoodman-85">[85]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq">Iraq</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Iraq">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: Iraq and <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain supported the invasion of Iraq and has stated that he would keep troops in Iraq for as long as needed, dependent on agreement from the Iraqi government. "It's not a matter of how long we're in Iraq, it's if we succeed or not."<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> John McCain was an early supporter of <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">the Surge</a>. </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama opposed the Iraq war as early as 2002 and has pledged a responsible, phased withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-Obama_website-88">[88]</a> Obama was a strong opponent of <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">the Surge</a> and up until July 2008, he continued to call it a failure, in spite of a general consensus that the surge had been a success.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> and he wrote and introduced the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_De-Escalation_Act_of_2007" title="Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007">Iraq War De-Escalation Act of 2007</a> which would have stopped the Surge and started to pull American troops out of Iraq in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> He continues to criticize the Surge because he says it has not achieved political reconciliation, has overtaxed the military and diverted focus from Afghanistan and Pakistan, which he considers to be the central front in the War on Terror.<a href="#cite_note-Obama_website-88">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Baldwin has stated that the US's involvement in Iraq is clearly unconstitutional as well as unnecessary, and would begin safely withdrawing troops.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>Barr considers the invasion and occupation of Iraq to have been mistakes. American presence "emboldens both insurgents and terrorists", and has cost "hundreds of billions of U.S. taxpayer dollars." He supports "withdrawal without undue delay."<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Iraq_War-91">[91]</a> </td> <td>McKinney calls for the immediate and orderly withdrawal of all US troops and contracted personnel from Iraq and Afghanistan; she would dismantle US military bases in the area, and demand that US and other international corporations relinquish any claims to Iraqi oil or other resources.<a href="#cite_note-McKinney_on_Iraq_withdrawal-92">[92]</a> She has consistently opposed funding for the war and the military budget.<a href="#cite_note-McKinney_on_war_spending-93">[93]</a> </td> <td>Nader opposes the US occupation of Iraq on the grounds that "it's the occupation that is breeding the resistance."<a href="#cite_note-naderiraqvid-94">[94]</a> He supports a "responsible, orderly withdrawal" within six months.<a href="#cite_note-naderiraqvid-94">[94]</a> Following withdrawal, he supports inclusion of an international peacekeeping force under UN auspices, promotion of Iraqi self-rule through independent elections, and the providing of humanitarian aid to stabilize the country.<a href="#cite_note-nadercounter-95">[95]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Iran">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: Iran and <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Iran–United States relations">Iran–United States relations</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">John McCain called the crisis with Iran "the most serious crisis we have faced – outside of the entire <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a> – since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>." "Nuclear capability in Iran is unacceptable," said McCain. McCain criticized Russia and China for causing "gridlock" in the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> and preventing the sanctioning of Iran as well as other areas of conflict such as <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> and Burma. If elected, McCain pledges to create a "league of democracies" with the purpose of addressing those conflicts without the approval of China and Russia.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama stated he regards Iran's government as "a threat to all of us," stating that the US "should take no option, including military action, off the table. Sustained and aggressive diplomacy combined with tough sanctions should be our primary means to prevent Iran from building nuclear weapons."<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td>Has stated that "an attack on Iran would be unnecessary, counterproductive, costly and dangerous", that "[t]here is no imminent threat, and only an imminent threat can ever justify a preemptive strike", and concludes "any nonproliferation strategy must begin with diplomacy and include a willingness to address the other side".<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td> <td>McKinney believes we must leave behind the militarization that has accompanied the Bush administration. She supports leaving Iraq and moving toward peaceful methods of dealing with other countries.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> </td> <td>Nader believes the US must stop "saber rattling" with Iran and take up <a href="/wiki/United_States-Iran_relations#Alleged_"Grand_Bargain"_proposal" class="mw-redirect" title="United States-Iran relations">Iran's proposal in 2003</a> to negotiate all outstanding issues between the US and Iran.<a href="#cite_note-naderquestionairre-86">[86]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Darfur">Darfur</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Darfur">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">War in Darfur</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain called upon the United States to reject Sudan's demand that the AU peacekeeping force leave or be bullied. McCain believes that America must convince our allies in the region and friendly Arab nations to abandon their support for Sudan and force them to accept more peacekeepers. On a more immediate time-frame McCain called for the use of NATO air-power to establish a no-fly zone and the use of intelligence assets to gather evidence of genocide and build cases against its perpetrators.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">In a December 2005 opinion column in The Washington Post, and at the <a href="/wiki/Save_Darfur_Coalition" title="Save Darfur Coalition">Save Darfur</a> rally in April 2006, Obama called for more assertive action to oppose <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">Darfur region</a> of Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> He has <a href="/wiki/Divestment" title="Divestment">divested</a> $180,000 in personal holdings of Sudan-related stock, and has urged divestment from companies doing business in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Expressed concern that atrocities in Darfur might be used to justify US occupation of Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> </td> <td>Nader believes the US could do more to end the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_in_Darfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide in Darfur">genocide in Darfur</a>. He would refuse normalized relations with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sudan" title="Government of Sudan">Government of Sudan</a> "until the Sudanese government removes all obstacles to the full deployment of the multilateral <a href="/wiki/UNAMID" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAMID">UNAMID</a>, fully implements the <a href="/wiki/Naivasha_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivasha Agreement">CPA</a>, and engages in good faith in a comprehensive, open and inclusive peace process."<a href="#cite_note-naderdarfur-104">[104]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_weapons">Nuclear weapons</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Nuclear weapons">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons and the United States">Nuclear weapons and the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Nunn-Lugar_Cooperative_Threat_Reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction">Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction</a> in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> He voted to ratify the <a href="/wiki/START_II" title="START II">START II</a> strategic arms limitation treaty in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> McCain voted against the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a> in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In March 2008, McCain said that United States should reduce its <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons">nuclear arsenal</a> to encourage other nations to reduce their arsenals. </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama has spoken out against <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_proliferation" title="Nuclear proliferation">nuclear proliferation</a>. According to his campaign website, Obama will "crack down on nuclear proliferation by strengthening the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a>."<a href="#cite_note-ObamaSiteNuclear-108">[108]</a> Obama has also vowed to stop the development of new American nuclear arms, pursuing an ultimate goal of "a world without nuclear weapons."<a href="#cite_note-ObamaSiteNuclear-108">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>McKinney supports the reduction of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons">nuclear weapons</a> in the U.S. and is a strong supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a>. She also wants to ban the manufacture and use of depleted <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td> <td>Nader describes nuclear weapons as "horrifying" and supports the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a>. He would adopt a no-first use policy, take all nuclear missiles off "hair-trigger" alert, and push for ratification of the <a href="/wiki/START_II" title="START II">START II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Test_Ban_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty</a> as well as working with other <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear states">nuclear states</a> towards the eventual abolition of Nuclear weapons.<a href="#cite_note-nadernukes-110">[110]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Korea">North Korea</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: North Korea">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: North Korea, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear program of North Korea">Nuclear program of North Korea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Korea–United States relations">North Korea–United States relations</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">In October 2006, McCain said that he believed the former President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> and his administration were to blame for the <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_nuclear_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korean nuclear crisis">North Korea's weapons of mass destruction</a>. He said that the U.S. had "concluded an unenforceable and untransparent agreement", allowing North Korea to keep plutonium rods in a reactor.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: Pakistan and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Pakistan–United States relations">Pakistan–United States relations</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain maintains a relatively moderate stance concerning Pakistan, although he has recognized the South Asian nation as an important part of US Foreign Policy. In the aftermath of Pakistan's former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a>'s assassination (in December 2007) McCain appeared to rule out the option of US forces entering Pakistan, saying that it was not an appropriate time to "threaten" Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">On August 1, 2007, Obama declared in a foreign policy speech that the United States must be willing to strike al Qaeda targets inside Pakistan, with or without the consent of the Pakistani government. He claimed that if elected, "If we have actionable intelligence about high value terrorist targets and President Musharraf won't act, we will".<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>"Free and fair elections, not U.S. troops, are the best strategy for achieving peace and stability in Pakistan." is the belief of Cynthia McKinney in Pakistan. She also opposes a United States war with Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> </td> <td>Nader has said that military action against Pakistan is off the table. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extrajudicial_prisoners">Extrajudicial prisoners</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Extrajudicial prisoners">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">In October 2005, McCain, a former <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POW</a>, introduced the <a href="/wiki/McCain_Detainee_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="McCain Detainee Amendment">McCain Detainee Amendment</a> to the Defense Appropriations bill for 2005. That month, the U.S. Senate voted 90–9 to support the amendment.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In October 2007, McCain said of <a href="/wiki/Waterboarding" title="Waterboarding">waterboarding</a> that, "They [other presidential candidates] should know what it is. It is not a complicated procedure. It is torture."<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> However, in February 2008 he voted against HR 2082, the <a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2008" title="Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008">Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008</a>, which included provisions that would have prevented the CIA from waterboarding prisoners. </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama voted against the <a href="/wiki/Military_Commissions_Act_of_2006" title="Military Commissions Act of 2006">Military Commissions Act of 2006</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> and later voted to restore <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a> to those detained by the U.S. (which had been stripped by the Military Commissions Act).<a href="#cite_note-vrecord-118">[118]</a> He has advocated closing the <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a>, but has not supported two specific bills that would have done so.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Obama opposes the use of torture.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Nader views <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition_by_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraordinary rendition by the United States">CIA kidnapping and extraordinary rendition</a> as leading to diminished respect around the world.<a href="#cite_note-naderdarfur2-121">[121]</a> "Constitutional crimes against due process, probable cause, habeas corpus, together with torture and indefinite imprisonment... will worsen and erode American jurisprudence with serious consequences for both the nation's security and its liberties."<a href="#cite_note-naderhabeas-122">[122]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_genocide">Armenian genocide</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Armenian genocide">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">At a town hall meeting January 6, 2008 McCain was reported to have answered a question on the Armenian genocide by noting that he recognizes the Armenian genocide, but opposes the Armenian Genocide Resolution due to the Turkish government's sensitivities and the importance of their continued contribution to the war on terror.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> On September 29, 2008, in an open letter to the Armenian-American Community of the United States he stated, that "it is fair to say that one of the greatest tragedies of the 20th century, the brutal murder of as many as one and a half million Armenians under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, has also been one of the most neglected" and that "it is our responsibility to recognize those tragic events".<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">On January 19, 2008, Obama announced that as a U.S. Senator, he has stood with the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian American">Armenian American</a> community in calling for Turkey's acknowledgement of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>, and supports its <a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_the_Armenian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Recognition of the Armenian genocide">recognition</a>. In 2006, Obama criticized Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> for firing <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Armenia">United States Ambassador to Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Evans" title="John Marshall Evans">John Evans</a>, after he used the term "genocide" to describe Turkey's killing of hundreds of thousands of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian people">Armenians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In June 2008 Obama restated his commitment to U.S. recognition of the Armenian genocide in a letter to <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Committee_of_America" title="Armenian National Committee of America">ANCA</a> Chairman <a href="/wiki/Ken_Hachikian" title="Ken Hachikian">Ken Hachikian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Obama supported <a href="/wiki/United_States_resolution_on_Armenian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="United States resolution on Armenian genocide">House Resolution 106</a> which recognized the killings as genocide. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: China">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: China and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China%E2%80%93United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China–United States relations">People's Republic of China–United States relations</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">John McCain believes America should continue to work to secure an independent Taiwan and opposes the ability of corporations owned by the Chinese <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> to make financial contributions to American political campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>China is a potential military threat, and economic policies toward it weaken key American industries.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_aid">Foreign aid</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Foreign aid">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">Foreign policy of the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Though John McCain plans to expand foreign aid, specifically targeting malaria in Africa, he has expressed concern that too much American aid money is embezzled or outright stolen by corrupt foreign governments.<a href="#cite_note-ontheissues.org-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama would double foreign aid to $50 billion by 2012.<a href="#cite_note-ontheissues.org-128">[128]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Baldwin believes that the U.S. is not the world's policeman, and would end all foreign aid and interventionist policies.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>"[F]oreign aid has proved to be a drain on the U.S. economy while doing little good for the recipients. Aid is routinely used by corrupt foreign governments to oppress their people and enrich powerful elites. Foreign aid almost always discourages economic and political reform, while subsidizing nations which often work against U.S. interests."<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Foreign_Intervention_and_Foreign_Bases-130">[130]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia">Georgia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Georgia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia (country)</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_South_Ossetia_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 South Ossetia war">2008 South Ossetia war</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">John McCain said that it was critical to avoid further confrontation between Russian and Georgian forces. McCain wanted to work with the EU and the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a> to pressure Russia to withdraw from all sovereign Georgian territory.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: United Nations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: United Nations and <a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_United_Nations" title="United States and the United Nations">United States and the United Nations</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">John McCain stated that the oil-for-food scandal and perennial failure to uphold Human Rights had demonstrated a "crying need for reform" in the UN. </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Baldwin would withdraw the US from the United Nations, perceiving it to be a threat to American sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>Barr calls the United Nations "an enormous disappointment" and asserts that "[t]he U.S. should push to roll back the UN's functions and slash America's financial contribution".<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_and_environmental_issues">Energy and environmental issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Energy and environmental issues">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_environment">The environment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: The environment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain's stances on <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> and other environmental issues have often put him at odds with the Bush administration and other Republicans. For example, he has generally opposed drilling in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Arctic National Wildlife Refuge">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> According to the League of Conservation Voters' 2006 National Environmental Scorecard, McCain took an "anti-environment" stance on four of seven environmental resolutions during the second session of the 109th congress. The four resolutions dealt with issues such as <a href="/wiki/Offshore_drilling" title="Offshore drilling">offshore drilling</a>, an Arctic national wildlife refuge, low-income energy assistance, and environmental funding.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> McCain's measures to lower auto emissions include higher fines for not complying with CAFE standards, calling for a level playing field for all alcohol-based biofuels, issuing a Clean Car Challenge to automakers (a US$5,000 tax credit for each and every customer who buys a zero-emissions car) and awarding a substantial prize to the auto company that develops a next-generation car battery.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama has a 'New Energy for America' plan and he has pledged to cut <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a> 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050 by forcing a market-based <a href="/wiki/Cap-and-trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap-and-trade">cap-and-trade</a> system,<a href="#cite_note-barackobama1-136">[136]</a> recommitting federal resources to <a href="/wiki/Public_mass_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public mass transportation">public mass transportation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_sequestration" title="Carbon sequestration">carbon sequestration</a> (incentives to plant trees, restore grasslands or undertake farming practices). Obama also has plans for improving air and water quality through reduced carbon emissions.<a href="#cite_note-barackobama2-137">[137]</a> Obama worked as a member of the <a href="/wiki/US_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works</a> during the 109th Congress.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> At least 30 percent of federal government's electricity would come from <a href="/wiki/Renewable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable sources">renewable sources</a> by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-barackobama2-137">[137]</a> Also, he wants to create a 'Global Energy Forum' of the largest energy consuming nations (<a href="/wiki/G8" title="G8">G8</a>+5). The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Conservation_Voters" title="League of Conservation Voters">League of Conservation Voters</a> has given Obama the highest lifetime rating of anyone currently running for president.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Bob Barr </th> <th colspan="2">Cynthia McKinney </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Barr pledges to eliminate restrictions that inhibit energy production, as well as all special privileges for the production of politically favored fuels, such as ethanol; supports the exploration and production of America's abundant domestic resources, including oil in the Outer Continental Shelf and Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and alternative sources such as <a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a>, which would lower costs to the consumer and assure more adequate and consistent supplies.<a href="#cite_note-bobbarr2-140">[140]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McKinney plans to create a cap on production and consumption as well as add organic farming, sustainability, and GM to the current Farm Bill. She also plans to assess toxic levels after <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rita" title="Hurricane Rita">Hurricane Rita</a>. She voted yes on further <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> funding and no on changing the <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act of 1973</a>. She also voted down a bill that allowed commercial logging on public land.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Ralph Nader </th> <th colspan="2">Chuck Baldwin </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Nader is credited with helping the <a href="/wiki/Clean_Air_Act_(United_States)" title="Clean Air Act (United States)">Clean Air Act</a> (1970) and <a href="/wiki/Safe_Drinking_Water_Act" title="Safe Drinking Water Act">Safe Drinking Water Act</a> (1974).<a href="#cite_note-pbsunreasonable-72">[72]</a> He was one of the first public figures to advocate <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> during the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-naderenvironmentenergy-142">[142]</a> Nader supports mandatory standards for recycling and <a href="/wiki/Precycling" title="Precycling">precycling</a>, especially in areas of government control.<a href="#cite_note-naderyoutube-143">[143]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Energy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain gave a major speech on his energy policy at the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a>. He connected energy independence with national security, climate change, and the environment.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> McCain proposed increasing ethanol imports[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and moving from exploration to production of <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in hybrid</a> electric vehicles. He said that US dependence on foreign oil is "a major strategic vulnerability, a serious threat to our security, our economy and the well being of our planet." He is co-sponsor of a Senate <a href="/wiki/Cap-and-trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap-and-trade">cap-and-trade</a> bill designed to limit greenhouse gas emissions,<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> and is seen as a bipartisan leader on the issue. McCain supports the increased use of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear energy</a> in the US and reduce <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable sources</a> to produce electricity. He has promoted the expanded use of nuclear power, calling for 45 new nuclear reactors to be built by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama has presented a 'New Energy for America' plan to achieve a <a href="/wiki/Low_carbon_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Low carbon economy">low carbon economy</a>, subsidizing 5 million new <a href="/wiki/Green-collar_worker" title="Green-collar worker">green jobs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-barackobama1-136">[136]</a> He proposes $150 billion over 10 years to accelerate the commercialization of <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in hybrids</a>, promote development of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_scale_renewable_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial scale renewable energy">commercial scale renewable energy</a> (establishing a 100% federal <a href="/wiki/Renewable_portfolio_standard" title="Renewable portfolio standard">RPS</a> to require that 10 percent of electricity be derived from renewable sources by 2012 and 25% in 2025<a href="#cite_note-barackobama2-137">[137]</a>), encourage <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a>, advance the next generation of <a href="/wiki/Algal_fuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Algal fuel">biofuels</a> (requiring 60 billion US gallons (230,000,000 m3) by 2030) and fuel infrastructure, and begin transition to a new <a href="/wiki/Digital_electricity_grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital electricity grid">digital electricity grid</a> (smart metering, <a href="/wiki/Demand_response" title="Demand response">demand response</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distributed_generation" title="Distributed generation">distributed generation</a> and electricity storage systems).<a href="#cite_note-barackobama1-136">[136]</a> He also plans to reduce overall U.S. <a href="/wiki/Oil_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil consumption">oil consumption</a> by at least 35%, or 10 million barrels (1,600,000 m3) per day, by 2030 to offset imports from <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">OPEC</a> nations.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Obama and other senators introduced the <a href="/wiki/BioFuels_Security_Act" title="BioFuels Security Act">BioFuels Security Act</a> in 2006. Regarding the domestic use of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>, Obama declared himself flatly opposed to building a nuclear waste repository in Nevada and has called for the facility's closure.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> However, Obama voted for the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Act_of_2005" title="Energy Policy Act of 2005">Energy Policy Act of 2005</a>, which allocated $4.3 billion in tax credits to the nuclear energy sector.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Obama and other senators introduced a bill in 2007 to promote the development of commercially viable <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrids" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug-in hybrids">plug-in hybrids</a> and other electric-drive vehicles in order to shift away from petroleum fuels and "toward much cleaner – and cheaper – electricity for transportation".<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> In his plan, related with transportation, he proposes increase <a href="/wiki/Fuel_economy_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel economy standard">fuel economy standards</a> 4 percent per each year, specific focus on R&D in advanced battery technology and a $7,000 <a href="/wiki/Tax_credit" title="Tax credit">tax credit</a> for the purchase of advanced technology vehicles as well as conversion tax credits and $4 billion retooling tax credits and loan guarantees for domestic auto plants and parts manufacturers; the entire White House fleet would be converted to plug-ins and half of cars purchased by the federal government will be plug-in (hybrids or all-electric) vehicles by 2012.<a href="#cite_note-barackobama1-136">[136]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Would dissolve the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a>. Believes in American energy independence by repealing prohibitions on domestic oil drilling, oil refineries, and nuclear plants.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>Says the <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> needs to be the foundation of the United States' energy policy. Supports drilling in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Arctic National Wildlife Refuge">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Energy_Policy-154">[154]</a> </td> <td>McKinney wants to leave <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaskan</a> oil in the ground, declare the U.S. carbon-free and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear</a>-free, and implement the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyoto Treaty">Kyoto Treaty</a>. She has voted no on scheduling permitting for new oil refineries and authorizing construction of new oil refineries. She has voted yes on keeping moratorium on drilling for oil offshore, raising CAFE standards; incentives for alternative fuels, prohibiting oil drilling development in ANWR, and starting implementation of Kyoto Protocol.<a href="#cite_note-Cynthia_McKinney_on_the_issues-155">[155]</a> </td> <td>Nader is a strong supporter of <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar energy</a> and wants to end government subsidies for the fossil fuel and nuclear energy industries.<a href="#cite_note-naderyoutube-143">[143]</a> He says "technologies are way ahead of the political framework" and envisions a "massive conversion from a hydrocarbon-based economy to a carbohydrate-based economy" within 20 to 25 years.<a href="#cite_note-naderenvironmentenergy-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-naderyoutube-143">[143]</a> He opposes <a href="/wiki/Corn_ethanol" title="Corn ethanol">corn ethanol</a> "which has a very poor net energy and water-usage characteristic" in favor of <a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol" title="Cellulosic ethanol">cellulosic ethanol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-naderenvironmentenergy-142">[142]</a> He says that <a href="/wiki/Cap-and-trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap-and-trade">cap-and-trade</a> programs "can be easily manipulated" and wants to tax inefficient technology and pollution at the production source.<a href="#cite_note-naderenvironmentenergy-142">[142]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Domestic_issues">Domestic issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Domestic issues">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Judiciary">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts of the United States">Courts of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">John McCain voted for the appointment of Justice <a href="/wiki/John_G._Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title="John G. Roberts">Roberts</a>. McCain favors a more Constructionist standpoint and says he would work to safeguard against <a href="/wiki/Judicial_activism" title="Judicial activism">Judicial activism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Barack Obama was 1 of 22 senators to vote against the appointment of Justice <a href="/wiki/John_G._Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title="John G. Roberts">Roberts</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Same-sex_marriage">Same-sex marriage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Same-sex marriage">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">In 2004, McCain voted against the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">Federal Marriage Amendment</a>, arguing that each state should be able to choose whether to recognize <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> He supported the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Proposition_107_(2006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Proposition 107 (2006)">2006 Arizona initiative to ban same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama voted against the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">Federal Marriage Amendment</a> which would have defined marriage as between one man and one woman, but personally believes that marriage is a religious bond between a man and a woman. He supports <a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">civil unions</a> for <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_couples" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex couples">same-sex couples</a> which would be same-sex marriage in all but name, but believes that decisions about the name marriage should be left to the states.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Baldwin believes marriage is between a man and a woman and supports the DOMA.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td> <td>Barr opposes any federal definition of marriage, whether by statute or <a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">constitutional amendment</a>. He believes the states should be free to determine what constitutes marriage.<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Marriage-163">[163]</a> </td> <td>Supports homosexual adoption and has a <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Campaign" title="Human Rights Campaign">HRC</a> 80 rating on gay rights issues.<a href="#cite_note-Social_Security-58">[58]</a> </td> <td>Nader opposes <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">DOMA</a> and the military's <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Ask_Don%27t_Tell" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't Ask Don't Tell">Don't Ask Don't Tell</a> policy. He says, "We've got to get rid of this discrimination, this chilling, this bigotry toward gays and lesbians that are reflected in literally hundreds and hundreds of statutes and regulations in this country."<a href="#cite_note-naderdean-164">[164]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abortion">Abortion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Abortion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">On February 18, 2007, John McCain stated, "I do not support Roe versus Wade. It should be overturned."<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> McCain believes that Roe v. Wade should be overturned and that the issue of abortion should be returned to the states. </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">In his write-in response to a 1998 survey, Obama stated his abortion position as: "Abortions should be legally available in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a>."<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> While serving in the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senate</a>, Obama voted against bills that included <a href="/wiki/Partial_birth_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial birth abortion">partial birth abortion</a> bans. In the presidential debate of October 16, 2008, he argued that partial birth abortions were already illegal, and he does not support the practice in accordance with Illinois law.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] He has received a 100 percent rating from the Illinois <a href="/wiki/Planned_Parenthood" title="Planned Parenthood">Planned Parenthood</a> Council<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Baldwin would encourage Congress to pass <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a>'s Sanctity of Life Act. Would deny federal funds to abortion clinics.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>McKinney supports full reproductive rights for women, including safe access to comprehensive prenatal and postnatal/infant care; family planning services and contraception, including "morning after" medication; and abortion. She rejects forced, coerced, or uninformed medication and sterilization, and supports <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_universal_healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-payer universal healthcare">single-payer universal healthcare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> </td> <td>Nader is opposed to legal restrictions on abortion, "I don't think government has the proper role in forcing a woman to have a child or forcing a woman not to have a child... This is something that should be privately decided with the family, woman, all the other private factors of it, but we should work toward preventing the necessity of abortion."<a href="#cite_note-naderabortion-169">[169]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gun_control">Gun control</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Gun control">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">John McCain believes that the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">right to keep and bear arms</a> is a fundamental, individual Constitutional right. In the past he has voted to protect gun manufacturers from attempts to make them liable for crimes committed by third parties. McCain opposes restrictions on assault rifles and has voted against such bans. He has supported legislation requiring gun manufacturers to include gun safety devices such as <a href="/wiki/Trigger_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigger lock">trigger locks</a> in product packaging. He cosponsored legislation to lift the <a href="/wiki/Firearms_Control_Regulations_Act_of_1975" title="Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975">DC gun ban</a>. McCain opposed "waiting periods" for the purchase of firearms.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> McCain also voted against the 1993 <a href="/wiki/Brady_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Brady Bill">Brady Bill</a> to restrict the availability of handguns.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">During a February 15, 2008 press conference, Obama stated, "I think there is an individual right to bear arms, but it's subject to commonsense regulation."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] He supports the right of local municipalities to determine gun laws.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Obama has also stated that he will work to reintroduce the expired <a href="/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" title="Federal Assault Weapons Ban">Federal Assault Weapons Ban</a> and to make it permanent.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In Illinois, he backed changes to state law that included a ban on assault weapons sales and limiting handgun sales to one a month. In Congress, he voted to leave gun-makers and dealers open to lawsuits for actions committed by third parties.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Obama has proposed outlawing types of ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Supports the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_bear_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to bear arms">right to bear arms</a> as an individual right.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>Supports the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_bear_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to bear arms">right to bear arms</a> as an individual right. "I oppose any law requiring registration of, or restricting the ownership, manufacture, or transfer or sale of firearms or ammunition to law-abiding citizens."<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Second_Amendment-178">[178]</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_penalty">Death penalty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Death penalty">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment in the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain indicated that he supported the use of the death penalty, mandatory prison terms for selling illegal drugs, and stronger restrictions on the purchase and possession of guns.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> McCain is a proponent of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_sentencing" title="Mandatory sentencing">mandatory sentencing</a> in general.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama favors the death penalty for cases in which "the community is justified in expressing the full measure of its outrage."<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On June 25, 2008, Obama condemned <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> decision <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_v._Louisiana" title="Kennedy v. Louisiana">Kennedy v. Louisiana</a>, which outlawed the death penalty for a child rapist when the victim was not killed. He said that states have the right to consider capital punishment, but cited concern about the possibility of unfairness in some sentences.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>  </td> <td> </td> <td>It is the main focus of McKinney's stance on crime that capital punishment should be replaced with <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a>. She has voted against bills that would make death penalty appeals harder and the prosecution and sentencing of <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_delinquency" title="Juvenile delinquency">juvenile delinquency</a>. She has voted in favor of bills that would keep <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a> rights in death penalty appeals, as well as in favor of bills to replace the death penalty and finding alternative sentences to capital punishment. She also supports stronger sentencing for <a href="/wiki/Hate_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hate crimes">hate crimes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Immigration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain promoted the legislation and eventually the granting of citizenship to the estimated 12–20 million illegal aliens in the United States and the creation of an additional <a href="/wiki/Guest_worker_program" title="Guest worker program">guest worker program</a> with an option for permanent immigration. In his bid for the 2000 presidential nomination, McCain supported expansion of the <a href="/wiki/H-1B_visa" title="H-1B visa">H-1B visa</a> program, a temporary visa for skilled workers.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> In 2005, he co-sponsored a bill with <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> that would expand use of guest worker visas.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama's plan: 1) Improve border security; 2) Crack down on employers who hire illegal immigrants; 3) Enable immigrants in the country illegally to voluntarily pay a fine, learn English, and get in line for legal citizenship; 4) Fix the immigration bureaucracy; and 5) Provide additional economic assistance to Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Obama also supports issuing driver's licenses to illegal immigrants to prevent unlicensed drivers from creating a public safety hazard.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Baldwin would enforce visa rules, and does not support a "path to citizenship"/amnesty for aliens currently residing in the US illegally. Employers who knowingly hire illegals would be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. Would end "birthright citizenship", and thus end the problem of "<a href="/wiki/Anchor_babies" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchor babies">anchor babies</a>". No federal monies would be used for any services to illegal aliens.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>Supports better border security to crack down on illegal immigration while also supporting reforms that will "sharply increase" legal immigration. Supports ending birthright citizenship and ending government benefits and services for illegal immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Immigration-190">[190]</a> </td> <td>McKinney believes the wave of new immigration is a result of economic policies and agreements (e.g., NAFTA) that impoverish people and drive them across borders. She opposes the guest-worker program as riddled with abuses, and support human rights protections and amnesty for immigrants in the country illegally, an end to raids, and tearing down the border wall.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> </td> <td>Nader does not support <a href="/wiki/Open_border" title="Open border">open borders</a>, which he says will create a "cheap-wage policy" for businesses.<a href="#cite_note-naderbuchanan-192">[192]</a> He supports giving illegal workers, who have their taxes withheld, the same labor standards and benefits as American workers.<a href="#cite_note-naderimmigration-193">[193]</a> He says the government should "crack down" on employers and stop "<a href="/wiki/Brain_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">brain draining</a>" Third World countries with <a href="/wiki/H-1B_visas" class="mw-redirect" title="H-1B visas">H-1B visas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-naderimmigration-193">[193]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Racial_justice">Racial justice</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Racial justice">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Members of the McCain camp have pointed out that George Bush signed a federal directive in 2001 that outlawed <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a> and ordered the Attorney General to look into the matter.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama wants to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a> by federal law enforcement agencies.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> As state senator in Illinois, Obama helped bring about passage of the state's first racial-profiling law.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> In October 2007, he asked Attorney General-Designate, Judge Michael Mukasey, to end the practice.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>McKinney supports comprehensive federal investment in low-come families and communities, with an emphasis on people of color, to eliminate racial and other disparities in education, healthcare, imprisonment, family income, wealth, home ownership. She supports a moratorium on foreclosures, and end to the privatization of prisons. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita survivors should be recognized as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs); she supports protecting their right of return, including their right to vote in their home states, and reparations for the losses they incurred due to government abandonment and negligence. She calls for an end to the "War on Drugs," which justifies foreign military intervention and assaults civil liberties; mandatory minimum drug sentences should be ended, and the budget should focus on treatment and prevention.<a href="#cite_note-GP-25">[25]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_funding_for_embryonic_stem_cell_research">Federal funding for embryonic stem cell research</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Federal funding for embryonic stem cell research">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_controversy" title="Stem cell controversy">Stem cell controversy</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain is a member of The <a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a> and supports <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell" title="Embryonic stem cell">embryonic stem cell</a> research despite his earlier opposition.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> He states that he believes that stem cell research, and indeed embryonic stem cell research, will continue whether or not the U.S. sanctions it, and so it would be the wisest course of action to support it to the extent that the United States will be able to regulate and monitor the use.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama supports federal funding for <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonic stem cell research">embryonic stem cell research</a> and was a co-sponsor<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> of the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Stem_Cell_Research_Enhancement_Act" title="Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act">Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act</a> which was passed by both houses of Congress but vetoed by President George W. Bush.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Nader supports <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem cell research">stem cell research</a>. Through his <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Project_on_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Project on Technology">Consumer Project on Technology</a>, he seeks to ensure that research conducted with public money is freely available to the public, and not held back by corporate and university patents.<a href="#cite_note-naderquestionairre-86">[86]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind" class="mw-redirect" title="No Child Left Behind">No Child Left Behind</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain supports the use of <a href="/wiki/School_vouchers" class="mw-redirect" title="School vouchers">school vouchers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oti-eduction-200">[200]</a> In 2006 he said, "Should <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">intelligent design</a> be taught as a science class? Probably not."<a href="#cite_note-abc022207-201">[201]</a> On July 29, 2007, McCain voted against increasing federal student loans and Pell grants and expanding eligibility for financial aid.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">During an October 2004 debate, Obama stated that he opposed <a href="/wiki/Education_voucher" class="mw-redirect" title="Education voucher">education vouchers</a> for use at private schools because he believes they would undermine public schools.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Baldwin would support homeschoolers and disband the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Department of Education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CB-IfIWerePres-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>Would abolish the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Department of Education</a> and eliminate federal grants and regulation; also opposes <a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind" class="mw-redirect" title="No Child Left Behind">No Child Left Behind</a>. Believes that education should return to the local level. Supports state-level tax credits to parents who use private education or homeschool. "Ultimately, education will best serve the children of America if it occurs within a competitive private system rather than a government system."<a href="#cite_note-BB-Issues-Education_and_Home_Schooling-206">[206]</a> </td> <td>Has often stated that it is wrong <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">public education</a> receives $38 billion annually while <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> receives $700 billion annually. She also believes reforms like <a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind" class="mw-redirect" title="No Child Left Behind">No Child Left Behind</a> hurt the education system, and that free higher education and better <a href="/wiki/Primary_education_in_the_United_States" title="Primary education in the United States">primary education</a> is what will improve school systems throughout the nation. She also voted yes on a substitute bill to lower <a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_the_United_States" title="Student loans in the United States">student loan</a> <a href="/wiki/Interest" title="Interest">interest</a> rates and increase <a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">black college</a> and Hispanic college quality and quantity. She voted yes on a bill for state-testing and voted no on bills to allow vouchers in the District of Columbia, allowing vouchers in private schools and <a href="/wiki/Parochial_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Parochial schools">parochial schools</a>, and no on a bill that would only give federal aid to schools that allowed <a href="/wiki/School_prayer" title="School prayer">school prayer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patriot_Act">Patriot Act</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Patriot Act">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="USA PATRIOT Act">USA PATRIOT Act</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">John McCain </th> <th colspan="2">Barack Obama </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td colspan="2" width="50%">McCain voted to extend the wiretap provision in the USA PATRIOT Act. He also voted to reauthorize the USA PATRIOT Act in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" width="50%">Obama called for the repeal of the USA PATRIOT Act in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> He voted for the reauthorization of the USA PATRIOT Act in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> He supported recent <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Act" title="Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act">FISA</a> legislation giving telecommunications corporations immunity for cooperating with <a href="/wiki/NSA_warrantless_surveillance_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA warrantless surveillance controversy">warrantless surveillance programs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Chuck Baldwin </th> <th>Bob Barr </th> <th>Cynthia McKinney </th> <th>Ralph Nader </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td>During the <a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2008 Libertarian National Convention">Libertarian Convention</a>, Barr said of USA PATRIOT Act: "I'd drive a stake through its heart, shoot it, burn it, cut off its head, burn it again, and scatter its ashes to the four corners of the world."<a href="#cite_note-BB-YouTube-Patriot_Act-Libertarian_Debate-212">[212]</a> </td> <td>McKinney calls for the repeal of the Patriot Act.<a href="#cite_note-Cynthia_McKinney_on_the_issues-155">[155]</a> </td> <td>Nader has called for the repeal of the USA PATRIOT Act. He has stated that it has eroded civil liberties and due process of law, particularly for Muslims and Arab Americans.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_presidential_candidates,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (United States) presidential candidates, 2008">Democratic Party (United States) presidential candidates, 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_candidates,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (United States) presidential candidates, 2008">Republican Party (United States) presidential candidates, 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2008">United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_McCain" title="Political positions of John McCain">Political positions of John McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions of Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">Political positions of Joe Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Sarah_Palin" title="Political positions of Sarah Palin">Political positions of Sarah Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cynthia_McKinney" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Cynthia McKinney">Political positions of Cynthia McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bob_Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Bob Barr">Political positions of Bob Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">United States federal budget</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved August 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bob+Barr+on%3A+Foreign+Intervention+%26+Foreign+Bases&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bobbarr2008.com%2Fissues%2Fforeign-intervention-foreign-bases%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+the+2008+United+States+presidential+candidates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKinney_on_healthcare-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_on_healthcare_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinney_on_healthcare_34-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://votetruth08.com/index.php/resources/campaignplatform">McKinney / Clemente Campaign Platform</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080924204633/http://votetruth08.com/index.php/resources/campaignplatform">Archived</a> September 24, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-nadertrade-35"><a href="#cite_ref-nadertrade_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-264RGiBWk">"Ralph Nader on international trade, NAFTA, and the WTO (Video)"</a>. 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Retrieved June 4, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BarackObama.com+%E2%80%93+Healthcare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barackobama.com%2Fissues%2Fhealthcare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+the+2008+United+States+presidential+candidates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/UploadedPDF/411750_updated_candidates_summary.pdf">"Both John McCain and Barack Obama are proposing tax plans that would substantially increase the national debt over the next ten years, according to an updated analysis by the center-left Tax Policy Center"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved August 15, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bob+Barr+on%3A+Healthcare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bobbarr2008.com%2Fissues%2Fhealth-care%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+the+2008+United+States+presidential+candidates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nadermeetthepress-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nadermeetthepress_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nadermeetthepress_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nadermeetthepress_41-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nadermeetthepress_41-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23319215">"'Meet the Press' transcript for Feb. 24, 2008: Ralph Nader, David Brooks, Doris Kearns Goodwin, Michele Norris, Chuck Todd"</a>. NBC News' Meet the Press. National Broadcasting Company. 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Retrieved February 24, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News%27+Meet+the+Press&rft.atitle=%27Meet+the+Press%27+transcript+for+Feb.+24%2C+2008%3A+Ralph+Nader%2C+David+Brooks%2C+Doris+Kearns+Goodwin%2C+Michele+Norris%2C+Chuck+Todd&rft.date=2008-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna23319215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+the+2008+United+States+presidential+candidates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> S. 1731, CQ Vote #28: Adopted 56-42: R 45-2; D 11–39; I 0–1, February 13, 2002, McCain Voted Nay, H.R. 8, CQ Vote #151: Motion Rejected 54-44: R 45-2; D 9–41; I 0–1, 6/12/02, McCain Voted Nay </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caller.com/news/2008/feb/16/mccain-is-the-gops-best-choice-for-president-the/?printer=1/">McCain is the GOP's best choice for president</a> Corpus Christi Caller-Times, Feb. 16, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-mercury0416-44"><a href="#cite_ref-mercury0416_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2008" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Michael (April 16, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/politics/ci_8942041">"McCain addresses economy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a>. 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Retrieved August 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reforming+Washington+to+Regain+the+Trust+of+Taxpayers&rft.pub=JohnMcCain.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnmccain.com%2FIssues%2FJobsforAmerica%2Freform.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+the+2008+United+States+presidential+candidates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/16/us/politics/15cnd-mccain.html?ref=business">Tax Cuts at Center of McCain's Economic Plan</a> The Wall Street Journal, April 16, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0807/08/ltm.03.html">"Transcript: American Morning"</a>. CNN. July 8, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Transcript%3A+American+Morning&rft.date=2008-07-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranscripts.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F0807%2F08%2Fltm.03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+the+2008+United+States+presidential+candidates" class="Z3988"> – "spending got out of control, and that obviously caused the deficit...our problem that we have today, is spending and not keeping taxes low and stimulating the economy" </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/Economic/Barack_Obama_Budget_+_Economy.htm">""Barack Obama on Budget & Economy"; ontheissues.org"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Barack+Obama+on+Budget+%26+Economy%22%3B+ontheissues.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ontheissues.org%2FEconomic%2FBarack_Obama_Budget_%2B_Economy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AComparison+of+the+2008+United+States+presidential+candidates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BB-Issues-Taxes-49"><a href="#cite_ref-BB-Issues-Taxes_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080815201929/http://www.bobbarr2008.com/issues/taxes/">"Bob Barr on: Taxes"</a>. 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2004)_2008_United_States_presidential_election_(2012_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2004)_2008_United_States_presidential_election_(2012_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">← 2004</a>) <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_United_States_elections" title="Template:2008 United States elections">2008 United States elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_candidates_in_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="List of candidates in the 2008 United States presidential election">Candidates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_endorsements_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Congressional endorsements for the 2008 United States presidential election">Congressional endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2008 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_access_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot access for the 2008 United States presidential election">Ballot access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2008 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday,_2008" title="Super Tuesday, 2008">Super Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_primary" title="Potomac primary">Potomac primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Super_Tuesday_II" title="2008 Super Tuesday II">Super Tuesday II</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="International opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">international</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2008 Democratic National Convention">superdelegates</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primary results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">cross-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Evan Bayh 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Chris Dodd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Dodd 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John Edwards 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Edwards" title="Political positions of John Edwards">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Dennis Kucinich 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson" title="Bill Richardson">Bill Richardson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Richardson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Vilsack 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNY</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York" title="Independence Party of New York">IPNY</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention" title="2008 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primary candidates">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primary results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_McCain" title="Political positions of John McCain">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of John McCain 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_liberal_support_for_John_McCain_in_2008" title="Democratic and liberal support for John McCain in 2008">cross-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_presidential_candidacy_of_Sarah_Palin" title="Vice presidential candidacy of Sarah Palin">candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Sarah_Palin" title="Political positions of Sarah Palin">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Republican Party presidential candidates">Other candidates</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback" title="Sam Brownback">Sam Brownback</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Sam Brownback 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Cox" title="John H. Cox">John H. Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Jim Gilmore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Jim Gilmore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Rudy Giuliani 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rudy_Giuliani" title="Political positions of Rudy Giuliani">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Huckabee 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Huckabee" title="Political positions of Mike Huckabee">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_L._Hunter" title="Duncan L. Hunter">Duncan L. Hunter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_L._Hunter_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Duncan L. Hunter 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_McKinney" title="Ray McKinney">Ray McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_Paul" title="Political positions of Ron Paul">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mitt_Romney" title="Political positions of Mitt Romney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo" title="Tom Tancredo">Tom Tancredo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Tancredo 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Fred Thompson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Fred Thompson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson" title="Tommy Thompson">Tommy Thompson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tommy Thompson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Draft_(politics)" title="Draft (politics)">Draft movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Democratic: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Mark_Warner_movement" title="Draft Mark Warner movement">movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Republican: <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Condi_movement" title="Draft Condi movement">movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Bloomberg_movement" title="Draft Bloomberg movement">movement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third_party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2008 United States presidential election">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chuck Baldwin 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: Darrell Castle</li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Imperato" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Imperato">Daniel Imperato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008_Green_National_Convention" title="2008 Green National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cynthia_McKinney" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Cynthia McKinney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Clemente" title="Rosa Clemente">Rosa Clemente</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Brown" title="Elaine Brown">Elaine Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2008 Libertarian National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr" title="Bob Barr">Bob Barr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Barr 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bob_Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Bob Barr">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allyn_Root" title="Wayne Allyn Root">Wayne Allyn Root</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Kubby" title="Steve Kubby">Steve Kubby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allyn_Root" title="Wayne Allyn Root">Wayne Allyn Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ruwart" title="Mary Ruwart">Mary Ruwart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Stanhope" title="Doug Stanhope">Doug Stanhope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;">America's Independent Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: Brian Rohrbough</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 yellow;"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party_(political_party)" title="Boston Tea Party (political party)">Boston Tea Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jay" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Jay">Charles Jay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/Objectivist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivist Party">Objectivist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stevens_(Objectivist_Party_politician)" title="Tom Stevens (Objectivist Party politician)">Tom Stevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Matt_Gonzalez" title="Matt Gonzalez">Matt Gonzalez</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(political_activist)" title="Brian Moore (political activist)">Brian Moore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Brian Moore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gene_Amondson" title="Gene Amondson">Gene Amondson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Weill" title="Ted Weill">Ted Weill</a></li> <li>VP nominee: Frank McEnulty</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(political_activist)" title="Brian Moore (political activist)">Brian Moore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Brian Moore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Chester" title="Eric Chester">Eric Chester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3ger_Calero" title="Róger Calero">Róger Calero</a></li> <li>Alternate nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independent / Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Boss" title="Jeff Boss">Jeff Boss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert_(character)" title="Stephen Colbert (character)">Stephen Colbert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Stephen Colbert 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Lyttle" title="Bradford Lyttle">Bradford Lyttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_(performance_artist)" title="Frank Moore (performance artist)">Frank Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathon_Sharkey" title="Jonathon Sharkey">Jonathon Sharkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li>Other 2008 elections: <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2008 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2008 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2008 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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