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Tokyo — Wikipédia

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class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=Tokyo&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon 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open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo_(homonymie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Tokyo (homonymie)">Tokyo (homonymie)</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p><b>Tokyo</b>, officiellement <b>Métropole de Tokyo</b>, est <i>de facto</i> la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capitale_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capitale du Japon">capitale du Japon</a>, ainsi que l'une de ses <span class="nowrap">47 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfectures du Japon">préfectures</a></span>. Ses plus de 14&nbsp;000&nbsp;000&nbsp;habitants<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> font de Tokyo la préfecture <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">japonaise</a> la plus peuplée. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand Tokyo">Grand Tokyo</a>, constitué des préfectures bordant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baie_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baie de Tokyo">baie de Tokyo</a>, est l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_aires_urbaines_les_plus_peupl%C3%A9es_du_monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des aires urbaines les plus peuplées du monde">aire urbaine la plus peuplée au monde</a> avec 40&nbsp;800&nbsp;000&nbsp;habitants<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-modere"> <figure class="mw-halign-right noviewer" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%80_d%C3%A9lister?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus."><img alt="Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> <figcaption> Si ce bandeau n'est plus pertinent, retirez-le. Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Circle-icons-clipboard.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Circle-icons-clipboard.svg/45px-Circle-icons-clipboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Circle-icons-clipboard.svg/68px-Circle-icons-clipboard.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Circle-icons-clipboard.svg/90px-Circle-icons-clipboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article contient une ou plusieurs <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Liste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Liste">listes</a></strong> <small>(<time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-01" data-sort-value="2024-01">janvier 2024</time>).</small></p> <p>Ces listes gagneraient à être rédigées sous la forme de paragraphes synthétiques, plus agréables à la lecture, les listes pouvant être aussi introduites par une partie rédigée et sourcée, de façon à bien resituer les différents items.<br> D'autre part, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Ce_que_Wikip%C3%A9dia_n%27est_pas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Un_annuaire_ou_une_base_de_donn%C3%A9es" title="Wikipédia:Ce que Wikipédia n'est pas">Wikipédia n'a pas pour rôle de constituer une base de données</a> et privilégie un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Wikip%C3%A9dia_est_une_encyclop%C3%A9die?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Wikipédia est une encyclopédie">contenu encyclopédique</a> plutôt que la recherche de l'exhaustivité.</p> </div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete entete map" style="background-color:#E0DBB6;color:black;">Métropole de Tokyo <br><small><span class="lang-ja" lang="ja">東京都</span><br><i><span class="lang-ja-latn" lang="ja-latn">Tōkyō-to</span></i></small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886662">.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")}</style></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo_Montage_2015.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tokyo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tokyo_Montage_2015.jpg/280px-Tokyo_Montage_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="421" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tokyo_Montage_2015.jpg/420px-Tokyo_Montage_2015.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tokyo_Montage_2015.jpg/560px-Tokyo_Montage_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="892"></a></span> <br> Vue panoramique de l'arrondissement de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokyo Skytree">Tokyo Skytree</a> de nuit, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rainbow_Bridge_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rainbow Bridge (Tokyo)">Rainbow Bridge</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shibuya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A2timent_de_la_Di%C3%A8te_nationale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bâtiment de la Diète nationale">bâtiment de la Diète nationale</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Emblem_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Blason de Métropole de Tokyo"><img alt="Blason de Métropole de Tokyo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Emblem_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/65px-Emblem_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Emblem_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/98px-Emblem_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Emblem_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/130px-Emblem_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="600"></a></span><br><small>Symbole </small></td> <td colspan="1" align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de Métropole de Tokyo"><img alt="Drapeau de Métropole de Tokyo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/130px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/195px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/260px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span><br><small><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drapeau?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drapeau">Drapeau</a> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E0DBB6; color:#000000">Administration</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pays_du_monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des pays du monde">Pays</a></th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Japon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Japan.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Japon"><img alt="Drapeau du Japon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Capitale</th> <td>Tokyo</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9gions_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Régions du Japon">Région</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_du_Kant%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Région du Kantō">Kantō</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_%C3%AEles_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des îles du Japon">Île</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honshū">Honshū</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfectures du Japon">Sous-préfectures</a></th> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/District_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="District (Japon)">Districts ruraux</a></th> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Municipalit%C3%A9_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Municipalité (Japon)">Municipalités</a></th> <td>62</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_gouverneurs_actuels_des_pr%C3%A9fectures_japonaises?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des gouverneurs actuels des préfectures japonaises">Gouverneur</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuriko_Koike?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuriko Koike">Yuriko Koike</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-2:JP?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-2:JP">ISO 3166-2</a></th> <td>JP-13</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E0DBB6; color:#000000">Démographie</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gentil%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gentilé">Gentilé</a></th> <td>Tokyoïte</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Recensement_de_la_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Recensement de la population">Population</a></th> <td>14&nbsp;264&nbsp;798&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="habitant">hab.</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> <small>(mai 2022)</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="vertical-align: bottom"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_de_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Densité de population">Densité</a></th> <td>6&nbsp;511&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="habitant par kilomètre carré">hab./km<sup>2</sup></abbr></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Rang</th> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E0DBB6; color:#000000">Géographie</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coordonn%C3%A9es_g%C3%A9ographiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coordonnées géographiques">Coordonnées</a></th> <td><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/9/35.689444444444/139.69166666667/fr?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-zoom="9" data-lat="35.689444444444" data-lon="139.69166666667" data-overlays="[&quot;_17f24e82e55f11cd3aca87216dcec912d613588b&quot;]">35°&nbsp;41′&nbsp;22″&nbsp;nord, 139°&nbsp;41′&nbsp;30″&nbsp;est</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aire_(g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Superficie" title="Aire (géométrie)">Superficie</a></th> <td><span title="2&nbsp;190&nbsp;930&nbsp;000 m² ou 2&nbsp;190,93 km²" style="cursor:help">219&nbsp;093</span>&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="hectare">ha</abbr>&nbsp;=&nbsp;2&nbsp;190,93&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Rang</th> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="Quarante-cinquième">45<sup>e</sup></abbr></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Pourcentage d'eau</th> <td>1,0&nbsp;%</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E0DBB6; color:#000000">Symboles préfectoraux</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Fleur</th> <td>Fleur de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cerisier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cerisier">cerisier</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sakura?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sakura">sakura</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Arbre</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo biloba</a> (<i>Ginkgo biloba</i>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Oiseau</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouette_rieuse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mouette rieuse">Mouette rieuse</a> (<i>Chroicocephalus ridibundus</i>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E0DBB6; color:#000000">Localisation</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fichier:Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_13_Tokyo_prefecture.svg&amp;lang=fr&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Localisation de Métropole de Tokyo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_13_Tokyo_prefecture.svg/langfr-280px-Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_13_Tokyo_prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_13_Tokyo_prefecture.svg/langfr-420px-Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_13_Tokyo_prefecture.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_13_Tokyo_prefecture.svg/langfr-560px-Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_13_Tokyo_prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024"></a></span> <br> Carte du Japon avec la Métropole de Tokyo mise en évidence.</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#E0DBB6; color:#000000">Liens</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Site_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Site web">Site web</a></th> <td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/">www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:left;"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #E0DBB6 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DTokyo%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&nbsp;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Pr%C3%A9fecture_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Tokyo est située sur la côte <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sud">méridionale</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honshū">Honshū</a>, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Ele?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Île">île</a> principale de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipel_japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipel japonais">archipel japonais</a>. La ville est le principal centre politique de l'archipel depuis le <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle. Elle accueille la plupart des institutions du pays&nbsp;: la résidence principale de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empereur_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empereur du Japon">empereur du Japon</a>, du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_ministre_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premier ministre du Japon">Premier ministre</a>, le siège de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Di%C3%A8te_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diète du Japon">Diète</a> (le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlement?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlement">parlement</a> japonais), du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cabinet_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cabinet du Japon">Cabinet</a>, les ministères qui le constituent ainsi que toutes les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambassade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambassade">ambassades</a> étrangères.</p> <p>À l'origine, Tokyo n’était qu’un petit <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Village_de_p%C3%AAcheurs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Village de pêcheurs">village de pêcheurs</a> nommé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edo_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edo (ville)">Edo</a>. Fortifié au <abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, Edo devient la base militaire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shogun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shogun">shogun</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a> à la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="16ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, puis la capitale de son gouvernement <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9odal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Féodal">féodal</a>. Durant l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89poque_d%27Edo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Époque d'Edo">époque d'Edo</a> (1603-1868), la ville se développe et devient l'une des plus peuplées au monde à la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, avec une population de près d'un million d'habitants. Avec la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Restauration_de_Meiji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Restauration de Meiji">restauration de l'empereur</a> en 1868, elle est confortée dans son rôle de cœur politique du Japon&nbsp;: le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Edo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château d'Edo">château d'Edo</a> devient la résidence de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meiji_(empereur)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meiji (empereur)">empereur Meiji</a> (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palais_imp%C3%A9rial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palais impérial de Tokyo">Kōkyo</a></i>) et la ville acquiert son nom actuel par opposition à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, l'ancienne capitale. Elle est ravagée en 1923 par un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9isme_de_Kant%C5%8D_de_1923?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Séisme de Kantō de 1923">séisme de magnitude 7,9</a> qui fait plus de 100&nbsp;000&nbsp;morts. Durant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>, elle est détruite pour moitié par des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bombardements_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bombardements de Tokyo">bombardements aériens américains</a>. Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bombe_incendiaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bombe incendiaire">bombes incendiaires</a> embrasent la ville et font plus de 100&nbsp;000&nbsp;victimes. La ville est rapidement reconstruite après la guerre. Dans la seconde moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, Tokyo devient une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9tropole?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Métropole">métropole</a> de rang mondial grâce à un fort développement industriel —&nbsp;notamment dans l'électronique&nbsp;— et voit sa population multipliée par dix en cinquante ans.</p> <p>Principal centre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89conomie_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Économie du Japon">économique</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Finance_au_Japon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Finance au Japon (page inexistante)">financier du Japon</a>, Tokyo est l'une des principales <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Place_financi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Place financière">places financières</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asie">asiatiques</a> et mondiales. Elle est la première ville mondiale en ce qui concerne les produits urbains bruts<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le dynamique arrondissement de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a> comporte de nombreux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gratte-ciel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gratte-ciel">gratte-ciels</a>, dont la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_du_gouvernement_m%C3%A9tropolitain_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siège du gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo">mairie de la ville</a>, et plusieurs <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grands_magasins_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grands magasins du Japon">grands magasins du Japon</a>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minato_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minato (Tokyo)">Minato-ku</a> accueille les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_social?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siège social">sièges sociaux</a> de multiples entreprises japonaises et étrangères, ainsi qu'une cinquantaine d'ambassades. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiyoda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiyoda">Chiyoda</a> concentre pour sa part les institutions politiques japonaises. Enfin, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shibuya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a> est réputé être l'un des quartiers les plus animés de la ville, grâce à la présence de grands centres commerciaux comme le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/109_(centre_commercial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="109 (centre commercial)">109</a>. Malgré la modernité de son architecture, dont témoigne la tour <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokyo Skytree">Tokyo Skytree</a>, bien des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanctuaires_shinto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuaires shinto">sanctuaires shinto</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temples_bouddhistes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Temples bouddhistes">temples bouddhistes</a> ont été reconstruits ou, pour quelques-uns, partiellement préservés après les bombardements, comme le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sens%C5%8D-ji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sensō-ji">Sensō-ji</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yasukuni-jinja?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yasukuni-jinja">sanctuaire Yasukuni</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Z%C5%8Dj%C5%8D-ji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zōjō-ji">Zōjō-ji</a> ou la porte <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C5%8Dz%C5%8Dmon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hōzōmon">Hōzōmon</a>.</p> <p>Située au fond de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baie_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baie de Tokyo">baie de Tokyo</a>, Tokyo dispose d'un statut administratif particulier, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville de Tokyo">ville de Tokyo</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Tokyo">préfecture de Tokyo</a> ayant fusionné en 1943. L'agglomération de Tokyo, qui va bien au-delà des limites de la préfecture, s'étend sur une large frange de la baie de Tokyo ainsi que sur la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9gions_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Régions du Japon">région</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_de_Kant%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Région de Kantō">Kantō</a>. Elle constitue en outre le pôle principal de la <span class="citation">«&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9galopole_japonaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mégalopole japonaise">mégalopole japonaise</a>&nbsp;»</span>, avec notamment <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osaka?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nagoya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>. La préfecture a organisé les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeux olympiques d'été">Jeux olympiques d'été</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_1964?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeux olympiques d'été de 1964">1964</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_2020?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020">2021</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En 2021, Tokyo est considérée comme la troisième ville mondiale selon le classement <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Global_Power_City_Index&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Global Power City Index (page inexistante)">Global Power City Index</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle est la quatrième ville mondiale dans le classement du cabinet de conseil <i>Kearney</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="toc_niveau_2" style=";"> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9nomination_de_Tokyo_et_de_ses_habitants"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Dénomination de Tokyo et de ses habitants</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9finitions_de_Tokyo"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Définitions de Tokyo</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vingt-trois_arrondissements_sp%C3%A9ciaux"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Vingt-trois arrondissements spéciaux</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Centre_de_Tokyo"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Centre de Tokyo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#M%C3%A9tropole_de_Tokyo"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Métropole de Tokyo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Agglom%C3%A9ration_de_Tokyo"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Agglomération de Tokyo</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Histoire"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Histoire</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Origines"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Origines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_d%C3%A9veloppement"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Le développement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9sastres_et_nouvel_essor"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Désastres et nouvel essor</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politique_et_administration"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Politique et administration</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gouvernement"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Gouvernement</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Subdivisions"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Subdivisions</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sur_l'%C3%AEle_principale_de_Honsh%C5%AB"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sur l'île principale de Honshū</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arrondissements_sp%C3%A9ciaux"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Arrondissements spéciaux</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Villes"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Villes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Districts"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Districts</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sous-pr%C3%A9fectures_(uniquement_dans_les_%C3%AEles_du_Pacifique)"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sous-préfectures (uniquement dans les îles du Pacifique)</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#G%C3%A9ographie"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Géographie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Site"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Site</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Climat"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Climat</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sismicit%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sismicité</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Parcs_nationaux"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Parcs nationaux</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Structure_urbaine_et_architecture"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Structure urbaine et architecture</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9mographie"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Démographie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9sidents_%C3%A9trangers"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Résidents étrangers</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89conomie"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Économie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Co%C3%BBt_de_la_vie"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Coût de la vie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Port_de_la_ville"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Port de la ville</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voies_de_communication_et_transports"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Voies de communication et transports</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Routes"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Routes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#A%C3%A9roports"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Aéroports</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transport_ferroviaire"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Transport ferroviaire</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#M%C3%A9tro"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Métro</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Train"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Train</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-36"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lignes_de_train_%C3%A0_grande_vitesse_(Shinkansen)"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lignes de train à grande vitesse (Shinkansen)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-37"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lignes_desservant_le_c%C5%93ur_de_Tokyo_(int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_ligne_Yamanote)"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lignes desservant le cœur de Tokyo (intérieur de la ligne Yamanote)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-38"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Autres_lignes_%C3%A0_l'int%C3%A9rieur_des_23_arrondissements"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Autres lignes à l'intérieur des 23 arrondissements</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-39"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Autres_lignes_%C3%A0_l'int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Tokyo_(zone_Tama)"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Autres lignes à l'intérieur de la préfecture de Tokyo (zone Tama)</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Monorail"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Monorail</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tramway"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Tramway</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tourisme"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Tourisme</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Temples_et_sanctuaires"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Temples et sanctuaires</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tours_et_b%C3%A2timents_notables"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tours et bâtiments notables</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mus%C3%A9es"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Musées</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Parcs"><span class="tocnumber">9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Parcs</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Autres"><span class="tocnumber">9.5</span> <span class="toctext">Autres</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arts_et_culture"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Arts et culture</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bande_dessin%C3%A9e"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bande dessinée</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cin%C3%A9ma"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cinéma</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jeu_vid%C3%A9o"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Jeu vidéo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Musique"><span class="tocnumber">10.4</span> <span class="toctext">Musique</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-53"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sport"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Sport</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jumelages_et_partenariats"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Jumelages et partenariats</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_lexicales_bilingues"><span class="tocnumber">13.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes lexicales bilingues</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-57"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">13.2</span> <span class="toctext">Références</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-59"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">14.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-60"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Filmographie"><span class="tocnumber">14.2</span> <span class="toctext">Filmographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-61"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">14.3</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">14.4</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Dénomination_de_Tokyo_et_de_ses_habitants"><span id="D.C3.A9nomination_de_Tokyo_et_de_ses_habitants"></span>Dénomination de Tokyo et de ses habitants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Dénomination de Tokyo et de ses habitants" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Shinjuku_2006-02-22_a.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Shinjuku_2006-02-22_a.jpg/220px-Shinjuku_2006-02-22_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Shinjuku_2006-02-22_a.jpg/220px-Shinjuku_2006-02-22_a.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Shinjuku_2006-02-22_a.jpg/330px-Shinjuku_2006-02-22_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Shinjuku_2006-02-22_a.jpg/440px-Shinjuku_2006-02-22_a.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Quartier de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kabukich%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kabukichō">Kabukichō</a>, à l'est de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <span> <video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Shibuya_Crossing.ogv/220px--Shibuya_Crossing.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="91" data-mwtitle="Shibuya_Crossing.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fichier:Shibuya_Crossing.ogv"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Shibuya_Crossing.ogv/Shibuya_Crossing.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Shibuya_Crossing.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs=&quot;theora, vorbis&quot;" data-width="640" data-height="480"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Shibuya_Crossing.ogv/Shibuya_Crossing.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Shibuya_Crossing.ogv/Shibuya_Crossing.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Shibuya_Crossing.ogv/Shibuya_Crossing.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360"> </video></span> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shibuya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonais">japonais</a>, Tokyo <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_t?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="[t] en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="[o] « o » dans « sot ».">o</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_.?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ."><span title="[.] indique la séparation entre deux syllabes.">.</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_k?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API k"><span title="[k] « c » dans « cabas ».">k</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_j?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API j"><span title="[j] « y » dans « payer », « ill » dans « Versailles ».">j</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="[o] « o » dans « sot ».">o</span></a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> s'écrit 東京 <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">Tōkyō</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_t?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API t"><span title="[t] en français « t » dans « tous » ; ailleurs avec la langue un peu plus en arrière.">t</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="[o] « o » dans « sot ».">o</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%CB%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ː"><span title="[ː] indique que le son précédent est allongé/géminé.">ː</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_k?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API k"><span title="[k] « c » dans « cabas ».">k</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%CA%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʲ"><span title="[ʲ] indique la palatalisation.">ʲ</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="[o] « o » dans « sot ».">o</span></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/API_%CB%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="API ː"><span title="[ː] indique que le son précédent est allongé/géminé.">ː</span></a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r216827669">.mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg")center left no-repeat;background-size:11px 11px;padding-left:15px;font-size:smaller}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg/11px-Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg.png")center left no-repeat}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .prononciation>a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg/11px-Antu_audio-volume-medium.svg.png")center left no-repeat}}</style><sup class="prononciation noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Ja-Tokyo.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fichier:Ja-Tokyo.ogg">Écouter</a></sup></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>, ce qui signifie littéralement «&nbsp;Capitale de l'est&nbsp;». Métropole de Tokyo s'écrit 東京都 <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">Tōkyō-to</span><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</p> <p>En français, on ne prononce pas le nom de la ville comme en japonais et on écrit généralement «&nbsp;Tokyo&nbsp;», ce qui correspond à la prononciation française <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">/to.kjo/</span>. L'ancienne graphie ‹&nbsp;Tokio&nbsp;› qui était utilisée en français au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, est toujours utilisée dans d'autres langues comme l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemand?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemand">allemand</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9erlandais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Néerlandais">néerlandais</a> et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espagnol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espagnol">espagnol</a>.</p> <p>Pour la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a>, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arr%C3%AAt%C3%A9_fran%C3%A7ais_du_4_novembre_1993_relatif_%C3%A0_la_terminologie_des_noms_d%27%C3%89tats_et_de_capitales?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrêté français du 4 novembre 1993 relatif à la terminologie des noms d'États et de capitales">arrêté du 4 novembre 1993</a> relatif à la terminologie des noms d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État">États</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capitale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capitale">capitales</a>, pris conjointement par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministre">ministres</a> des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minist%C3%A8re_de_l%27Europe_et_des_Affaires_%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères">Affaires étrangères</a> et de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minist%C3%A8re_de_l%27%C3%89ducation_nationale_(France)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministère de l'Éducation nationale (France)">Éducation nationale</a>, recommande comme seule graphie ‹&nbsp;Tokyo&nbsp;›. Il en va de même de la commission de toponymie de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27information_g%C3%A9ographique_et_foresti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière">Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière</a> (IGN)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et du code de rédaction interinstitutionnel de l'Union européenne<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les Japonais eux-mêmes utilisent parfois la graphie ‹&nbsp;Tokyo&nbsp;› dans leur retranscription en <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C5%8Dmaji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rōmaji">rōmaji</a></i> du nom de la ville<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transcription_phon%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transcription phonétique">transcription phonétique</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphabet_latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphabet latin">alphabet latin</a> selon la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9thode_Hepburn?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Méthode Hepburn">méthode Hepburn</a> donne ‹&nbsp;Tōkyō&nbsp;›, le ‹&nbsp;ō&nbsp;› avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macron_(diacritique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macron (diacritique)">macron</a> dénotant un <i>o</i> long. Cette méthode de transcription est utilisée dans les transports japonais<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et dans la plupart des encyclopédies et dictionnaires francophones<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kunrei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kunrei">méthode Kunrei</a> donne ‹&nbsp;Tôkyô&nbsp;› et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japanese:_The_Spoken_Language?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japanese: The Spoken Language">méthode JSL</a>, ‹&nbsp;Tookyoo&nbsp;›. Le gouvernement japonais autorise également l'utilisation de la graphie ‹&nbsp;Tohkyoh&nbsp;› sur les passeports, reprenant une représentation des voyelles longues familière aux anglophones. Enfin, il faut mentionner la méthode dite <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C4%81puro_r%C5%8Dmaji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wāpuro rōmaji">Wāpuro rōmaji</a> qui écrit ‹&nbsp;Toukyou&nbsp;›.</p> <p>Son ancien nom est <i>Edo</i> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">江戸</span><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>, «&nbsp;la porte de la rivière, l'estuaire&nbsp;», en référence à la rivière <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumida-gawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumida-gawa">Sumida</a> qui la traverse. Lorsque l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meiji_(empereur)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meiji (empereur)">Meiji</a> s'y installe, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1868?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1868">1868</a>, elle est rebaptisée <i>Tōkyō</i>, littéralement «&nbsp;capitale <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25BA%25AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:京">京</a> de l'est <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E6%259D%25B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:東">東</a>&nbsp;», par opposition à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyoto">Kyōto</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">京都</span><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire"><abbr class="abbr" title="littéralement">litt.</abbr> «&nbsp;ville capitale&nbsp;»</span>)</span>, l'ancienne capitale.</p> <p>En français, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gentil%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gentilé">habitants</a> de Tokyo sont appelés les «&nbsp;Tokyotes&nbsp;» ou les «&nbsp;Tokyoïtes&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les Japonais désignent aussi les gens de Tokyo par l'expression <i>Azumaotoko</i> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">東男</span><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire"><abbr class="abbr" title="littéralement">litt.</abbr> «&nbsp;hommes de l'Est&nbsp;»</span>)</span>. Le terme d'<i>Edokko</i> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">江戸っ子</span><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire"><abbr class="abbr" title="littéralement">litt.</abbr> «&nbsp;enfants d'Edo&nbsp;»</span>)</span>, désignant historiquement les natifs de la ville lorsqu'elle s'appelait encore Edo, est toujours utilisé pour désigner les «&nbsp;Tokyoïtes de souche&nbsp;», dont les ancêtres sont eux-mêmes nés dans l'un des arrondissements de la capitale japonaise sur plusieurs générations, et qui montrent une certaine identité propre, caractérisée par l'utilisation encore de nos jours de certaines expressions et de l'accent nés de l'ancien dialecte local, l'Edokotoba, et symbolisée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isshin_Tasuke?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isshin Tasuke">Isshin Tasuke</a> (figure de fiction très populaire), le personnage de Tora-san du film <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Otoko_wa_tsurai_yo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Otoko wa tsurai yo">Otoko wa tsurai yo</a></i>, ou encore par le chien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hachik%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hachikō">Hachikō</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Définitions_de_Tokyo"><span id="D.C3.A9finitions_de_Tokyo"></span>Définitions de Tokyo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Définitions de Tokyo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Le terme de Tokyo peut désigner plusieurs réalités différentes sur les plans géographique, urbain et administratif.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Vingt-trois_arrondissements_spéciaux"><span id="Vingt-trois_arrondissements_sp.C3.A9ciaux"></span>Vingt-trois arrondissements spéciaux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Vingt-trois arrondissements spéciaux" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo-all-wards.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tokyo-all-wards.svg/220px-Tokyo-all-wards.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tokyo-all-wards.svg/220px-Tokyo-all-wards.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tokyo-all-wards.svg/330px-Tokyo-all-wards.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Tokyo-all-wards.svg/440px-Tokyo-all-wards.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Les 23 arrondissements spéciaux de Tokyo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">23 arrondissements spéciaux</a> remplacent l'ancienne <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville de Tokyo">ville de Tokyo</a>, dissoute en 1943. Sur le plan administratif, ils forment chacun des municipalités distinctes, comparables à l'autre type de commune urbaine de l'organisation administrative du Japon, les «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville (Japon)">villes</a>&nbsp;», si ce n’est qu’elles ont un champ de compétence restreint par rapport à ces dernières, à l'exemple des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissements_de_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissements de Paris">arrondissements de Paris</a>. Le gouvernement préfectoral a notamment en charge certains services publics appartenant traditionnellement à l'échelon communal, comme l'approvisionnement en eau, le traitement des eaux usées et les services publics, tandis que les arrondissements n'ont pas de revenus propres, vivant uniquement des transferts financiers concédés par la préfecture. Ils ont toutefois chacun, à l'instar des autres communes japonaises, une assemblée délibérante et un maire élus au suffrage universel direct tous les quatre ans. Ces arrondissements spéciaux réunissent 9&nbsp;793&nbsp;163&nbsp;habitants au <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-03-01" data-sort-value="2024-03-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mars 2024</time><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> sur 617&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr>, soit environ 15&nbsp;000&nbsp;hab./km<sup>2</sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Centre_de_Tokyo">Centre de Tokyo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Centre de Tokyo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Buildings_with_colorful_neon_street_signs_at_blue_hour,_Shinjuku,_Tokyo.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Buildings_with_colorful_neon_street_signs_at_blue_hour%2C_Shinjuku%2C_Tokyo.jpg/220px-Buildings_with_colorful_neon_street_signs_at_blue_hour%2C_Shinjuku%2C_Tokyo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4662" data-file-height="3730"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Buildings_with_colorful_neon_street_signs_at_blue_hour%2C_Shinjuku%2C_Tokyo.jpg/220px-Buildings_with_colorful_neon_street_signs_at_blue_hour%2C_Shinjuku%2C_Tokyo.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Buildings_with_colorful_neon_street_signs_at_blue_hour%2C_Shinjuku%2C_Tokyo.jpg/330px-Buildings_with_colorful_neon_street_signs_at_blue_hour%2C_Shinjuku%2C_Tokyo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Buildings_with_colorful_neon_street_signs_at_blue_hour%2C_Shinjuku%2C_Tokyo.jpg/440px-Buildings_with_colorful_neon_street_signs_at_blue_hour%2C_Shinjuku%2C_Tokyo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Une rue illuminée d’enseignes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tube_n%C3%A9on?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tube néon">néons</a> multicolores à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Par centre de Tokyo, on peut entendre les <span class="nowrap">23 arrondissements</span> spéciaux. Dans un sens plus restrictif, l'expression peut désigner les dix arrondissements encerclés par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Yamanote?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Yamanote">Yamanote</a>, une importante ligne ferroviaire circulaire&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minato-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Minato-ku (Tokyo)">Minato</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinagawa">Shinagawa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shibuya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toshima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toshima">Toshima</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kita-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kita-ku (Tokyo)">Kita</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arakawa_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arakawa (Tokyo)">Arakawa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tait%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taitō">Taitō</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiyoda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiyoda">Chiyoda</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunky%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunkyō">Bunkyō</a> (le seul à n'être pas directement desservi par la ligne). Plus étroitement encore, le centre peut faire référence aux trois arrondissements les plus centraux qui constituent le cœur historique de l'ancienne <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edo_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edo (ville)">Edo</a>, à savoir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chūō-ku (Tokyo)">Chūō</a> (dont le nom signifie littéralement «&nbsp;centre&nbsp;» en japonais), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minato-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Minato-ku (Tokyo)">Minato</a> (le «&nbsp;port&nbsp;» historique, comme son nom l'indique) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiyoda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiyoda">Chiyoda</a>, et les quartiers riverains du fleuve <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumida-gawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumida-gawa">Sumida</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nihonbashi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nihonbashi">Nihonbashi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanda_(quartier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanda (quartier)">Kanda</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ueno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ueno">Ueno</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asakusa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asakusa">Asakusa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honjo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honjo">Honjo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fukagawa_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fukagawa (Tokyo)">Fukagawa</a>). Le centre de Tokyo se distingue traditionnellement en deux parties&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yamanote_et_Shitamachi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yamanote et Shitamachi">Yamanote et Shitamachi</a>.</p> <p>Au sud-ouest, «&nbsp;Yamanote&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> regroupait à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89poque_d%27Edo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Époque d'Edo">période d'Edo</a> les demeures de l'aristocratie autour de la résidence des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shogun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shogun">shoguns</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Edo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château d'Edo">château d'Edo</a> et qui correspond aux arrondissements de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunky%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunkyō">Bunkyō</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minato-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Minato-ku (Tokyo)">Minato</a> et en partie à ceux de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiyoda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiyoda">Chiyoda</a> (autour de l'actuel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palais_imp%C3%A9rial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palais impérial de Tokyo">palais impérial</a>, soit le sud de l'arrondissement) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chūō-ku (Tokyo)">Chūō</a> («&nbsp;la limite ouest de l'arrondissement&nbsp;»)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Au nord-est, «&nbsp;Shitamachi&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> désigne les anciens quartiers populaires et pôle commercial et artisanal du vieux Tokyo, et comprend les quartiers riverains du fleuve <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumida-gawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumida-gawa">Sumida</a>, à savoir ceux de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanda_(quartier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanda (quartier)">Kanda</a> (nord de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiyoda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiyoda">Chiyoda</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nihonbashi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nihonbashi">Nihonbashi</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dbashi_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyōbashi (Tokyo)">Kyōbashi</a> (est de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chūō-ku (Tokyo)">Chūō</a>), Shitaya (actuel quartier d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ueno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ueno">Ueno</a>) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asakusa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asakusa">Asakusa</a> (arrondissement de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tait%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taitō">Taitō</a>), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honjo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honjo">Honjo</a> (ouest de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumida-ku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumida-ku">Sumida</a>) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fukagawa_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fukagawa (Tokyo)">Fukagawa</a> (ouest de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C5%8Dt%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kōtō">Kōtō</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Si la distinction sociale et fonctionnelle historique n'existe plus aujourd'hui, les deux termes sont toujours employés dans un sens géographique, voire identitaire pour les habitants des deux parties, pour différencier le nord du sud du centre-ville.</p> <p>La plupart des monuments historiques de Tokyo se trouvent dans cette zone, notamment dans le quartier d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asakusa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asakusa">Asakusa</a>, particulièrement riche en édifices religieux, tels le temple <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bouddhisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bouddhisme">bouddhiste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sens%C5%8D-ji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sensō-ji">Sensō-ji</a>(dédié au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bodhisattva?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guanyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guanyin">Kannon</a>, le plus vieux temple de Tokyo, en 645, et ancien temple tutélaire de la dynastie des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shogun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shogun">shoguns</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shogunat_Tokugawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shogunat Tokugawa">Tokugawa</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;; il fut en partie détruit par les bombardements américains de 1945, mais reconstruit à l'identique&nbsp;: ses portes, appelées <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C5%8Dz%C5%8Dmon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hōzōmon">Hōzōmon</a></i>, sont les seuls monuments de la métropole à être classés comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%A9sor_national_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trésor national (Japon)">Trésor national</a>, et les sanctuaires <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinto%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shintoïsme">shinto</a> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asakusa-jinja?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asakusa-jinja">Asakusa</a> (datant de 1649, il est dédié aux fondateurs du temple&nbsp;; c'est l'un des plus fréquentés de la ville, et l'un des rares à avoir entièrement survécu au tremblement de terre de 1923 et aux bombardements américains de 1945) et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kume_no_Heinai-d%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kume no Heinai-dō">Kume no Heinai-dō</a> (dédié à Kume no Heinai, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samoura%C3%AF?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samouraï">samouraï</a> du <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, détruit en 1945, mais reconstruit en 1978).</p> <p>Les autres principaux monuments historiques de Tokyo sont le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Edo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château d'Edo">château d'Edo</a> et actuel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palais_imp%C3%A9rial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palais impérial de Tokyo">Kōkyo</a> (quelques murailles et douves sont des vestiges de la forteresse originelle du <abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle), le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Z%C5%8Dj%C5%8D-ji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zōjō-ji">Zōjō-ji</a> (temple <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bouddhisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bouddhisme">bouddhiste</a> au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bouddha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bouddha">bouddha</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amitābha">Amida</a> et ancien mausolée principal des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shogun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shogun">shoguns</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shogunat_Tokugawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shogunat Tokugawa">Tokugawa</a>, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shiba_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shiba (Tokyo)">Shiba</a> dans l'arrondissement de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minato-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Minato-ku (Tokyo)">Minato</a>), la pagode à cinq niveaux du zoo d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ueno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ueno">Ueno</a> ou encore du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nihonbashi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nihonbashi">Nihonbashi</a> (célèbre pont datant du <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle dans le quartier du même nom et l'arrondissement de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chūō-ku (Tokyo)">Chūō</a>, il marquait le point de départ du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tōkaidō">Tōkaidō</a>, principale route reliant Edo à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>, et sert toujours aujourd'hui de point 0 au kilométrage des routes japonaises).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Métropole_de_Tokyo"><span id="M.C3.A9tropole_de_Tokyo"></span>Métropole de Tokyo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Métropole de Tokyo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Carte_Prefecture_Tokyo.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Carte_Prefecture_Tokyo.png/350px-Carte_Prefecture_Tokyo.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="195" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="801"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 195px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Carte_Prefecture_Tokyo.png/350px-Carte_Prefecture_Tokyo.png" data-width="350" data-height="195" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Carte_Prefecture_Tokyo.png/525px-Carte_Prefecture_Tokyo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Carte_Prefecture_Tokyo.png/700px-Carte_Prefecture_Tokyo.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Carte de la Métropole de Tokyo (hors îles du Pacifique). </figcaption> </figure> <p>La Métropole de Tokyo <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">東京都</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">Tōkyō-to</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span> comprend&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li>les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">23 arrondissements spéciaux</a>, qui constituent sa moitié est&nbsp;;</li> <li>d'autres collectivités à l'ouest, à savoir&nbsp;: <ul> <li>26 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville (Japon)">villes</a>,</li> <li>le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/District_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="District (Japon)">district rural</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nishitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishitama">Nishitama</a> qui comprend trois <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourgs_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgs du Japon">bourgs</a> et un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villages_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villages du Japon">village</a>&nbsp;;</li> </ul></li> <li>quatre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfectures du Japon">sous-préfectures</a> dans les îles du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Océan Pacifique">Pacifique</a> des archipels d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipel_d%27Izu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipel d'Izu">Izu</a> et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fecture_d%27Ogasawara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfecture d'Ogasawara">îles d’Ogasawara</a>, elles-mêmes subdivisées en deux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourg_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bourg (Japon)">bourgs</a> et sept <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Village_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Village (Japon)">villages</a>, non réunis en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/District_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="District (Japon)">districts</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Elle ne se superpose pas à l'agglomération de Tokyo&nbsp;: elle comprend des zones rurales, dans les collines de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tama_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tama (Tokyo)">Tama</a> à l'ouest, alors que l'agglomération s'étend largement dans des préfectures voisines. De plus elle exerce sa juridiction sur des territoires assez éparpillés par le biais des îles du Pacifique.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Agglomération_de_Tokyo"><span id="Agglom.C3.A9ration_de_Tokyo"></span>Agglomération de Tokyo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Agglomération de Tokyo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo_by_Sentinel-2,_2018-10-30.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tokyo_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2018-10-30.jpg/220px-Tokyo_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2018-10-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9499" data-file-height="5695"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tokyo_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2018-10-30.jpg/220px-Tokyo_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2018-10-30.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tokyo_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2018-10-30.jpg/330px-Tokyo_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2018-10-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Tokyo_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2018-10-30.jpg/440px-Tokyo_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2018-10-30.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Une photo satellite de Tokyo en 2018 prise par l'ESA Sentinel-2 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo-Kanto_definitions,_Kanto_MMA_2015.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tokyo-Kanto_definitions%2C_Kanto_MMA_2015.png/220px-Tokyo-Kanto_definitions%2C_Kanto_MMA_2015.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="619"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tokyo-Kanto_definitions%2C_Kanto_MMA_2015.png/220px-Tokyo-Kanto_definitions%2C_Kanto_MMA_2015.png" data-width="220" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tokyo-Kanto_definitions%2C_Kanto_MMA_2015.png/330px-Tokyo-Kanto_definitions%2C_Kanto_MMA_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tokyo-Kanto_definitions%2C_Kanto_MMA_2015.png/440px-Tokyo-Kanto_definitions%2C_Kanto_MMA_2015.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La Grande Aire métropolitaine du Kantō. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les autorités japonaises ont plusieurs manières de désigner l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand Tokyo">agglomération de Tokyo</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>:</p> <ul> <li>«&nbsp;Une Métropole, Trois Préfectures&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, plus géographique que statistique, elle comprend la Métropole de Tokyo et les trois préfectures voisines que sont <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Chiba">Chiba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Kanagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Saitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Saitama">Saitama</a>, soit la moitié-sud du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kant%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantō">Kantō</a>. Il s'agit de la définition la plus utilisée même si elle est incomplète, puisqu'elle comprend à sa périphérie des zones rurales, surtout dans la moitié-est de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Chiba">préfecture de Chiba</a>, tandis que des banlieues de la capitale japonaise sont présentes dans d'autres préfectures&nbsp;;</li> <li>la «&nbsp;Grande Aire métropolitaine du Kantō&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, qui est une des deux définitions officielles utilisées par le Bureau des Statistiques du Japon, et qui se rapproche de la définition française d'une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aire_urbaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aire urbaine">aire urbaine</a>&nbsp;: il s'agit de l'ensemble des communes où au moins 1,5&nbsp;% de la population âgée de <span class="nowrap">15 ans</span> ou plus se déplace quotidiennement par un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvement_pendulaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement pendulaire">mouvement pendulaire</a> vers une des quatre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villes_d%C3%A9sign%C3%A9es_par_ordonnance_gouvernementale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Villes désignées par ordonnance gouvernementale">villes désignées</a> de la région (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yokohama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kawasaki_(Kanagawa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kawasaki (Kanagawa)">Kawasaki</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiba">Chiba</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saitama">Saitama</a>) ou vers l'un des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">arrondissements spéciaux de Tokyo</a>. Au recensement de 2000, elle comptait <span class="nowrap">34,6 millions</span> d'habitants&nbsp;;</li> <li>les «&nbsp;Aires kilométriques de Tokyo&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> est une autre définition utilisée par le Bureau des Statistiques, quoique moins répandue car moins fiable. Il s'agit des municipalités comprises en totalité ou partiellement dans des cercles concentriques de rayon croissant par paliers de 10&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>, jusqu'à un rayon maximum de 70&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>, par rapport à l'ancien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mairie_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mairie de Tokyo">siège du gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiyoda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiyoda">Chiyoda</a>. Les recensements de population établissent pour Tokyo deux chiffres&nbsp;: celui des 70&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de rayon, appelée Aire des 70&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de Tokyo<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> qui est la donnée la plus large censée s'approcher le plus d'un Grand Tokyo sur un plan presque géométrique, et celui du rayon des 50&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de rayon, appelée Aire des 50&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de Tokyo<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ou encore «&nbsp;Aire métropolitaine majeure de Tokyo&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette donnée ne comprend donc pas les nouvelles zones périurbaines qui s'étendent au-delà en doigt de gant le long des principaux axes de communication, et inclut de même de nombreuses zones entièrement rurales. Elle constituait un ensemble de <span class="nowrap">31,714 millions</span> d'habitants (pour le rayon de 50&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>) en 2005<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (30&nbsp;724&nbsp;311 en 2000) et de <span class="nowrap">34,394 millions</span> (pour le rayon de 70&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>) en 2000&nbsp;;</li> <li>la «&nbsp;Grande Zone d'emploi métropolitaine de Tokyo&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, proche de la «&nbsp;Grande Aire métropolitaine du Kantō&nbsp;» à ceci près qu'elle définit l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aire_urbaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aire urbaine">aire urbaine</a> des arrondissements de Tokyo et non plus des autres centres urbains de la conurbation du Kantō, cette définition est celle développée et utilisée par le Centre des services des informations spatiales de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Université de Tokyo">université de Tokyo</a>. Elle comptait 31,7&nbsp;millions d'habitants en 2000&nbsp;;</li> <li>la «&nbsp;Région capitale nationale&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, définition plus politique et administrative que statistique, définie par la <i>loi de planification de la Région capitale nationale de 1956</i>, et qui officiellement regroupe l'ensemble des sept préfectures du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kant%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantō">Kantō</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Chiba">Chiba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Gunma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Gunma">Gunma</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_d%27Ibaraki?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture d'Ibaraki">Ibaraki</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Kanagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Saitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Saitama">Saitama</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Tochigi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Tochigi">Tochigi</a> et Tokyo) ainsi que la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Yamanashi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Yamanashi">préfecture de Yamanashi</a>, soit bien au-delà de la réelle agglomération tokyoïte, il s'agit légalement de tout l'espace pouvant accueillir des institutions nationales (même si, dans les faits, elles sont toutes concentrées dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">arrondissements spéciaux</a> de Tokyo). Toutefois, le terme de <i>Shuto-ken</i> est plus généralement employé, dans un cadre officieux, pour désigner le Grand Tokyo.</li> </ul> <p>Au sens de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation des Nations unies">ONU</a>, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aire_urbaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aire urbaine">aire urbaine</a> de Tokyo-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yokohama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, proche de la «&nbsp;Grande Aire métropolitaine du Kantō&nbsp;» définie par le Bureau des statistiques japonais, est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_agglom%C3%A9rations_les_plus_peupl%C3%A9es_du_monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des agglomérations les plus peuplées du monde">la plus peuplée du monde</a>. Elle comprend la majeure partie des préfectures <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Chiba">Chiba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Kanagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Saitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Saitama">Saitama</a>, et quelques parties d'autres préfectures. Elle compte en 2007 <span class="nowrap">35,676 millions</span> d'habitants<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> répartis sur un espace bâti continu (le second au monde après celui du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand New York">Grand New York</a>) de 7&nbsp;835&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, soit approximativement 4&nbsp;553&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="habitant par kilomètre carré">hab./km<sup>2</sup></abbr>, et plus du quart de la population totale du Japon (27,9&nbsp;%) résidant sur un peu plus de 2&nbsp;% du territoire national.</p> <p>Enfin, dans un sens statistique plus large, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aire_m%C3%A9tropolitaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aire métropolitaine">aire métropolitaine</a> de Tokyo, en suivant la définition utilisée pour délimiter celle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand New York">New York</a>, englobe la quasi-totalité des préfectures de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Chiba">Chiba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Kanagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Saitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Saitama">Saitama</a>, mais également des régions environnantes moins urbanisées, soit des parties des préfectures de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Gunma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Gunma">Gunma</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Tochigi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Tochigi">Tochigi</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_d%27Ibaraki?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture d'Ibaraki">Ibaraki</a> au nord et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_d%27Izu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Péninsule d'Izu">péninsule d'Izu</a>, dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Shizuoka?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Shizuoka">préfecture de Shizuoka</a>, au sud-ouest. Elle compte alors une population estimée en février 2008 à <span class="nowrap">39,2 millions</span> d'habitants et s'étend sur plus de 16&nbsp;400&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr>. Cette région urbaine a une densité de population d'environ 2&nbsp;400&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="habitant par kilomètre carré">hab./km<sup>2</sup></abbr>.</p> <p>Elle constitue l'hypercentre et la limite est de la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiheiy%C5%8D_Belt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiheiyō Belt">Taiheiyō Belt</a></i>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9galopole?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mégalopole">mégalopole</a> japonaise qui s'étend sur 1&nbsp;200&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de Tokyo au nord-est à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fukuoka?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a> au sud-ouest, en passant par le triangle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osaka?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kobe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>-<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> (la conurbation <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keihanshin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keihanshin">Keihanshin</a></i>) et en suivant toute la côte sud d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honshū">Honshū</a> et s'étendant au nord de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyūshū">Kyūshū</a>, et réunit approximativement <span class="nowrap">83 millions</span> de personnes.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Origines">Origines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Origines" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edo_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edo (ville)">Edo (ville)</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG/170px-Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1841" data-file-height="2100"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 194px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG/170px-Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="194" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG/255px-Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG/340px-Tokugawa_Ieyasu2.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ieyasu_Tokugawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ieyasu Tokugawa">Tokugawa Ieyasu</a>, premier <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shogun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shogun">shogun</a> de la dynastie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokugawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokugawa">Tokugawa</a>, qui prit Edo pour capitale. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Au temps féodal, l'actuelle préfecture de Tokyo faisait partie de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_de_Musashi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province de Musashi">province de Musashi</a>, et plus précisément, à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89poque_Sengoku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Époque Sengoku">période Sengoku</a>, du domaine du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clan_Go-H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clan Go-Hōjō">clan Go-Hōjō</a>. Après la défaite de ce clan face à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Hideyoshi Toyotomi</a> en 1590, ce dernier offre les neuf provinces de la région du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_de_Kant%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Région de Kantō">Kantō</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokugawa_Ieyasu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokugawa Ieyasu">Ieyasu Tokugawa</a>, fondateur de la dynastie shogunale des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shogunat_Tokugawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shogunat Tokugawa">Tokugawa</a>, qui choisit alors le village d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edo_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edo (ville)">Edo</a>, centré autour d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Edo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château d'Edo">château</a> construit en 1457, pour servir de capitale à son domaine.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg/220px-Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2962" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg/220px-Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg/330px-Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg/440px-Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Panorama d'Edo en 1865. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Ieyasu devient <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shogun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shogun">shogun</a> après la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataille_de_Sekigahara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataille de Sekigahara">bataille de Sekigahara</a> (1600) et Edo devient de fait le centre politique du Japon, ouvrant ainsi ce que les historiens appellent l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89poque_d%27Edo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Époque d'Edo">ère d'Edo</a> (1603-1867), et cela même si officiellement <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> reste la capitale comme lieu de résidence des empereurs.</p> <p>L'afflux des samouraïs et des bâtisseurs à Edo amène le développement des étuves, où des <i>yuna</i> («&nbsp;filles de bain&nbsp;») offrent de laver les clients, mais peuvent aussi leur procurer repas et relations sexuelles<sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pour en reprendre le contrôle, le gouvernement shogunal décide d'y dédier le quartier de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yoshiwara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yoshiwara">Yoshiwara</a> («&nbsp;plaine des roseaux&nbsp;», puis «&nbsp;plaine du bonheur&nbsp;»), qui devient le quartier de plaisirs le plus important du Japon, et d'interdire l'année suivante la prostitution dans le reste de la ville<sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Tous les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daimyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daimyo">daimyos</a> avaient une résidence à Edo et il fallait que leurs épouses et fils héritiers y demeurent. La ville regroupe bientôt une population importante et dense et ainsi, malgré le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_incendie_de_Meireki?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand incendie de Meireki">grand incendie de Meireki</a> en 1657 qui détruit une grande partie de la ville (dont entièrement Yoshiwara, ce qui accélère son transfert plus au nord<sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) et tue près de 100 000 personnes<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, Edo compte au <abbr class="abbr" title="18ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle près d'un million d'habitants sur une population totale de trente millions pour tout le Japon.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_développement"><span id="Le_d.C3.A9veloppement"></span>Le développement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le développement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En juillet 1868, à la suite de la «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%88re_Meiji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ère Meiji">révolution Meiji</a>&nbsp;», l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meiji_(empereur)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meiji (empereur)">Mutsuhito</a> choisit Edo comme nouveau lieu de résidence et la ville est renommée <i>Tōkyō</i>, «&nbsp;la capitale de l’est&nbsp;».</p> <p>En 1868, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Tokyo">préfecture de Tokyo</a> <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> est fondée <span class="need_ref" title="Une source est souhaitée pour ce passage (demandé le 17 mai 2023)." style="cursor:help;">en regroupant la zone urbaine (divisée en 15 arrondissements en 1877)</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[<abbr class="abbr" title="référence">réf.</abbr>&nbsp;souhaitée]</a></sup> et les environs (6 districts), et en 1889 les 15 arrondissements forment la «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville de Tokyo">ville de Tokyo</a>&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-historyGMT_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-historyGMT-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 1932, 5 des 6 districts sont réunis à la commune de Tokyo qui compte désormais <span class="nowrap">35 arrondissements</span>.</p> <p>En 1943, la préfecture et la ville de Tokyo fusionnent et la métropole de Tokyo (<i>Tōkyō-to</i>) est créée. La commune de Tokyo n'existe donc plus, et ses arrondissements sont réorganisés en 1947 pour former les actuels <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">23 arrondissements spéciaux</a>, devenant des municipalités distinctes. La métropole de Tokyo constitue une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfectures du Japon">préfecture</a> au statut particulier étant donné sa fonction de capitale<sup id="cite_ref-historyGMT_40-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-historyGMT-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Désastres_et_nouvel_essor"><span id="D.C3.A9sastres_et_nouvel_essor"></span>Désastres et nouvel essor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Désastres et nouvel essor" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9isme_de_Kant%C5%8D_de_1923?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Séisme de Kantō de 1923">Séisme de Kantō de 1923</a>. </div> </div> <p>La préfecture a été durement éprouvée dans la première moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle tout d'abord par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9isme_de_Kant%C5%8D_de_1923?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Séisme de Kantō de 1923">tremblement de terre de Kantō de 1923</a> (faisant 142&nbsp;807&nbsp;morts et disparus), puis par les nombreux bombardements subis durant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a> (plus de 100&nbsp;000&nbsp;morts). Une grande partie de la ville fut détruite au cours de ces deux catastrophes, entraînant à chaque fois la nécessité d'importants travaux de reconstruction. Ceci explique que, tout en ayant conservé un certain nombre de monuments historiques anciens, l'essentiel de la ville a développé une architecture particulièrement moderne.</p> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bombardements_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bombardements de Tokyo">Bombardements de Tokyo</a>. </div> </div> <p>Dans la nuit du 9 au <time class="nowrap" datetime="1945-03-10" data-sort-value="1945-03-10">10 mars 1945</time>, l'armée américaine déverse un déluge de bombes explosives et incendiaires - notamment des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bombe_incendiaire_M-69?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bombe incendiaire M-69">M-69</a> - sur le nord et l'est de la capitale japonaise, détruisant un tiers de la ville et tuant 95&nbsp;000&nbsp;personnes<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Entre 1946 et 1948, Tokyo a été le siège du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tribunal_militaire_international_pour_l%27Extr%C3%AAme-Orient?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tribunal militaire international pour l'Extrême-Orient">Tribunal militaire international pour l'Extrême-Orient</a>, plus connu sous le nom de Tribunal de Tokyo, chargé de juger les plus grands criminels de guerre japonais.</p> <p>Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_1964?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeux olympiques d'été de 1964">Jeux olympiques d'été de 1964</a> ont eu lieu à Tokyo, ce qui a été l'occasion de la construction de nombreuses infrastructures (notamment des autoroutes et moyens de transport). Par la suite, la métropole connaît une croissance phénoménale durant le boom économique du Japon pendant les années 1960 (10&nbsp;% de croissance économique en moyenne par an), années 1970 (5&nbsp;% de croissance) et 1980 (4&nbsp;%), l'aire urbaine, la plus importante du monde pour ce qui est du nombre d'habitants, dépassant aujourd'hui largement les frontières de la préfecture et englobant totalement les préfectures voisines de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Kanagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Saitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Saitama">Saitama</a> et en partie celle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Chiba">Chiba</a>.</p> <p>En 1995, une attaque terroriste au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarin">gaz sarin</a> par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aum_Shinriky%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aum Shinrikyō">secte Aum</a> dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9tro_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Métro de Tokyo">métro de Tokyo</a> fait douze morts et 5&nbsp;500&nbsp;blessés.</p> <p>La ville est pour la deuxième fois hôte olympique avec les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_2020?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020">Jeux olympiques d'été</a> de 2020 (qui ont finalement lieu en 2021 en raison de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mie_de_Covid-19?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pandémie de Covid-19">pandémie de Covid-19</a>).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Politique_et_administration">Politique et administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Politique et administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article connexe&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centralisme_au_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centralisme au Japon">Centralisme au Japon</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis_(symbol).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis_%28symbol%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis_%28symbol%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis_%28symbol%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis_%28symbol%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis_%28symbol%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis_%28symbol%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis_%28symbol%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis_%28symbol%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Adopté en juin 1989, le symbole officiel de Tokyo est une feuille de <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo biloba</a></i> verte en forme de <b>T</b> pour Tokyo. En signe de croissance, prospérité, charme et tranquillité. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La métropole de Tokyo forme une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfectures du Japon">préfecture</a> à statut spécial, jouissant d'une plus grande autonomie que les autres, en combinant notamment l'ensemble des compétences dévolues à l'échelon préfectoral (en matière de transport, d'éducation, d'infrastructures, de sécurité) avec des prérogatives généralement détenues par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Municipalit%C3%A9s_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalités du Japon">communes</a>. C'est le cas tout particulièrement sur le territoire des 23 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">arrondissements</a> où elle gère à leur place et de manière uniforme les compétences normalement municipales de traitement des eaux usées, de l'approvisionnement en eau et de la lutte contre le feu (elles sont d'ailleurs en général exercées par l'échelon préfectoral sur l'essentiel du territoire métropolitain, à l'exception de certaines communes, mais via des accords de partenariat entre ces dernières et la métropole alors qu'elles sont tout simplement retirées du champ de compétence des arrondissements<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>). Elle perçoit donc de fait la fiscalité locale liée à ces compétences, tels que l'impôt communal sur les sociétés ou la taxe sur les actifs fixes, et en répartit une portion via une clé de répartition entre les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">arrondissements</a> en fonction des charges administratives exercées par ces derniers<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Gouvernement">Gouvernement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Gouvernement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article connexe&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_gouverneurs_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des gouverneurs de Tokyo">Liste des gouverneurs de Tokyo</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Building_2007-October.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Building_2007-October.jpg/170px-Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Building_2007-October.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="2014"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 236px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Building_2007-October.jpg/170px-Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Building_2007-October.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="236" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Building_2007-October.jpg/255px-Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Building_2007-October.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Building_2007-October.jpg/340px-Tokyo_Metropolitan_Government_Building_2007-October.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_du_gouvernement_m%C3%A9tropolitain_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siège du gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo">siège du gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo</a> et ses tours jumelles, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D_Tange?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenzō Tange">Kenzō Tange</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'exécutif de la métropole est assuré, comme dans toutes les autres <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfectures du Japon">préfectures</a>, par un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gouverneur_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gouverneur (Japon)">gouverneur</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> élu au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suffrage_universel_direct?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffrage universel direct">suffrage universel direct</a> pour un mandat de quatre ans. Il nomme pour le seconder et le suppléer dans la direction de l'administration préfectorale trois vice-gouverneurs (quatre jusqu'en <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-06" data-sort-value="2009-06">juin 2009</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le gouvernement de la métropole comprend un certain nombre de bureaux spécialisés par domaine de compétences (finances, fiscalité, culture et sport, développement urbain, santé publique, entre autres), à quoi s'ajoute le département des sapeurs pompiers et les bureaux chargés de gérer les entreprises de services publics préfectoraux (pour les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_Toei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Réseau Toei">transports</a>, l'approvisionnement en eau et le traitement des eaux usées).</p> <p>À côté de cela, il existe un certain nombre de commissions autonomes dans leur fonctionnement, comprenant des spécialistes et des personnes de la société civile. Elles sont supervisées par le gouverneur, qui nomme leurs directeurs et tout ou partie de leurs membres, avec approbation de l'assemblée métropolitaine. Elles sont chargées d'encadrer les prérogatives préfectorales nécessitant, selon le système politique japonais, une certaine neutralité&nbsp;: l'éducation, le contrôle des procédures électorales à l'échelon municipal, la gestion du personnel et les relations du travail, les inspecteurs des audits, les expropriations et le contrôle des actions des forces du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_de_la_Police_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Département de la Police métropolitaine de Tokyo">Département de la Police métropolitaine de Tokyo</a>.</p> <p>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_du_gouvernement_m%C3%A9tropolitain_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siège du gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo">siège du gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo</a> (improprement appelé «&nbsp;mairie&nbsp;», car cela devrait désigner les sièges administratifs des municipalités), double bâtiment de cinquante étages, dessiné par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D_Tange?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenzō Tange">Kenzō Tange</a>, se trouve dans le quartier de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>. Il abrite les bureaux du gouverneur et de l'administration, ainsi que l'assemblée.</p> <p>Le législatif dépend quant à lui de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assemblée métropolitaine de Tokyo">Assemblée métropolitaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, composée de <span class="nowrap">127 conseillers</span> élus eux aussi au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suffrage_universel_direct?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffrage universel direct">suffrage universel direct</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scrutin_majoritaire_plurinominal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scrutin majoritaire plurinominal">majoritaire plurinominal</a> (les votes ayant lieu au niveau de circonscriptions électorales qui, en fonction de leur population, envoient chacune plusieurs représentants élus selon le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vote_unique_non_transf%C3%A9rable?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vote unique non transférable">système à vote unique non transférable</a>) pour un mandat de quatre ans mais indépendamment de l'élection du gouverneur. Elle prépare, vote ou au contraire abolit les ordonnances locales, établit le budget de la préfecture, approuve les comptes et contrôle les activités des organismes préfectoraux par le biais de l'audit ou du vote de confirmation des nominations par le gouverneur des vice-gouverneurs, des directeurs de bureaux et des membres des commissions administratives. Elle peut voter contre le gouverneur une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Motion_de_censure?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Motion de censure">motion de censure</a> à la majorité des trois quarts, sur un quorum de présence d'au moins deux tiers de la totalité des membres de l'assemblée. Il peut toutefois se maintenir en place s'il dissout l'Assemblée dans une période de 10 jours après le vote de la motion, et si la chambre locale nouvellement élue ne confirme pas la défiance envers l'exécutif.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Yuriko_Koike_20221221.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yuriko_Koike_20221221.jpg/170px-Yuriko_Koike_20221221.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="790"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 225px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yuriko_Koike_20221221.jpg/170px-Yuriko_Koike_20221221.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yuriko_Koike_20221221.jpg/255px-Yuriko_Koike_20221221.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yuriko_Koike_20221221.jpg/340px-Yuriko_Koike_20221221.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuriko_Koike?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuriko Koike">Yuriko Koike</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Neuvième">9<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;gouverneur de Tokyo depuis <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-07" data-sort-value="2016-07">juillet 2016</time>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les citoyens de la préfecture ont également un pouvoir de désaveu sur leur gouverneur&nbsp;: ainsi une demande de destitution, signée par au moins un tiers des citoyens inscrits sur les listes électorales de la préfecture, est déposée auprès de la commission électorale. Si celle-ci juge cette requête valide, elle est soumise à l'ensemble de l'électorat tokyoïte par un référendum de destitution. Si elle est votée à la majorité absolue des suffrages exprimés, le gouverneur est obligé de démissionner. Une procédure similaire d'initiative populaire existe pour l'adoption ou l'abolition d'une ordonnance, la dissolution de l'Assemblée préfectorale ou la destitution des conseillers préfectoraux.</p> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yuriko_Koike?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yuriko Koike">Yuriko Koike</a> est gouverneure de Tokyo depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-07-31" data-sort-value="2016-07-31">31 juillet</time> suivant, en obtenant 46,7&nbsp;% des suffrages lors des élections<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle est la première femme à accéder à cette fonction. Elle s'est présentée sous l’étiquette «&nbsp;indépendant&nbsp;» face au candidat du PLD, bien qu'affiliée à ce parti<sup id="cite_ref-Kunikida_48-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kunikida-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-12" data-sort-value="2016-12">décembre 2016</time>, le Kōmeitō abandonne localement le PLD pour rejoindre le groupe de Yuriko Koike au sein de l’Assemblée métropolitaine de Tokyo, tout en faisant toujours partie de la coalition du PLD à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Di%C3%A8te_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diète du Japon">Diète du Japon</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kunikida_48-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kunikida-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Subdivisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Map_of_Tokyo_Ja.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Map_of_Tokyo_Ja.svg/300px-Map_of_Tokyo_Ja.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="635"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 225px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Map_of_Tokyo_Ja.svg/300px-Map_of_Tokyo_Ja.svg.png" data-width="300" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Map_of_Tokyo_Ja.svg/450px-Map_of_Tokyo_Ja.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Map_of_Tokyo_Ja.svg/600px-Map_of_Tokyo_Ja.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Carte des municipalités de Tokyo&nbsp;:<br> • en violet, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">arrondissements spéciaux</a>&nbsp;;<br> • en rose, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villes_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villes du Japon">villes</a>&nbsp;;<br> • en jaune, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourgs_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgs du Japon">bourgs</a>&nbsp;;<br> • en vert, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villages_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villages du Japon">villages</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La préfecture est divisée en <span class="nowrap">23 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">arrondissements spéciaux</a></span> à l’est, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villes_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villes du Japon">villes</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">市</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">shi</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span> au centre et en un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts du Japon">district rural</a> à l'ouest de la préfecture. Les îles de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipel_d%27Izu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipel d'Izu">archipel d'Izu</a> et les îles d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nanp%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanpō">Ogasawara</a> dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Océan Pacifique">océan Pacifique</a>, qui font aussi partie de la préfecture de Tokyo, sont divisées en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfectures du Japon">sous-préfectures</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Sur_l'île_principale_de_Honshū"><span id="Sur_l.27.C3.AEle_principale_de_Honsh.C5.AB"></span>Sur l'île principale de Honshū</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sur l'île principale de Honshū" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La partie principale de la préfecture sur l’ile de Honshū compte 58 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Municipalit%C3%A9s_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalités du Japon">municipalités</a>, dont les 23 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">arrondissements spéciaux</a> et 26 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villes_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villes du Japon">villes</a>, ainsi que les quatre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Municipalit%C3%A9s_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalités du Japon">communes rurales</a> (trois <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourgs_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgs du Japon">bourgs</a> et un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villages_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villages du Japon">village</a>) du seul <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts du Japon">district</a> de Tokyo.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Arrondissements_spéciaux"><span id="Arrondissements_sp.C3.A9ciaux"></span>Arrondissements spéciaux</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Arrondissements spéciaux" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Ginza-WAKO_at_night.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ginza-WAKO_at_night.jpg/220px-Ginza-WAKO_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="1500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ginza-WAKO_at_night.jpg/220px-Ginza-WAKO_at_night.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ginza-WAKO_at_night.jpg/330px-Ginza-WAKO_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Ginza-WAKO_at_night.jpg/440px-Ginza-WAKO_at_night.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Le quartier de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ginza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ginza">Ginza</a>, à Chūō, la nuit </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">23 arrondissements spéciaux</a> dans la préfecture de Tokyo sont des municipalités à part entière contrairement aux arrondissements d’autres villes du Japon. Ces arrondissements étaient des arrondissements normaux de l’ancienne «&nbsp;ville de Tokyo&nbsp;» jusqu'en 1943. À cette date, la ville de Tokyo a été dissoute et les arrondissements sont devenus des municipalités indépendantes. Ils ont un statut similaire aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville (Japon)">villes</a> à ceci près que certaines prérogatives qu'exerceraient normalement ces dernières relèvent pour les arrondissements de la métropole de Tokyo (comme les services de sapeurs pompiers). Ils sont différenciés des autres municipalités par leur suffixe <span class="lang-ja-latn" lang="ja-latn"><i>ku</i></span>. Les <span class="nowrap">23 arrondissements</span> spéciaux forment ce qui est communément appelé la «&nbsp;ville de Tokyo&nbsp;», bien que celle-ci, du point de vue administratif, n’existe plus.</p> <p>Liste des <span class="nowrap">23 arrondissements</span> spéciaux de la préfecture de Tokyo.</p> <div style="column-width:10em;column-count:4;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adachi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adachi">Adachi</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arakawa_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arakawa (Tokyo)">Arakawa</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bunky%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bunkyō">Bunkyō</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiyoda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiyoda">Chiyoda</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chūō-ku (Tokyo)">Chūō</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edogawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edogawa">Edogawa</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Itabashi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Itabashi">Itabashi</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katsushika?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katsushika">Katsushika</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kita-ku_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kita-ku (Tokyo)">Kita</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C5%8Dt%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kōtō">Kōtō</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meguro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meguro">Meguro</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minato_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minato (Tokyo)">Minato</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nakano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nakano">Nakano</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nerima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nerima">Nerima</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%8Cta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ōta">Ōta</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Setagaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Setagaya">Setagaya</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shibuya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinagawa">Shinagawa</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suginami?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suginami">Suginami</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumida-ku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumida-ku">Sumida</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toshima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toshima">Toshima</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tait%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taitō">Taitō</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Villes">Villes</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Villes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo-r128-Higashimurayama-Sta-W.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tokyo-r128-Higashimurayama-Sta-W.JPG/220px-Tokyo-r128-Higashimurayama-Sta-W.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1142" data-file-height="893"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 172px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tokyo-r128-Higashimurayama-Sta-W.JPG/220px-Tokyo-r128-Higashimurayama-Sta-W.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tokyo-r128-Higashimurayama-Sta-W.JPG/330px-Tokyo-r128-Higashimurayama-Sta-W.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tokyo-r128-Higashimurayama-Sta-W.JPG/440px-Tokyo-r128-Higashimurayama-Sta-W.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Quartier d'Higashimurayama. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'essentiel de la partie centrale et occidentale de la préfecture, en dehors de l’ancienne <i>ville de Tokyo</i>, est subdivisée en <span class="nowrap">26 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville (Japon)">villes</a></span> qui, contrairement aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourg_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bourg (Japon)">bourgs</a> ou aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Village_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Village (Japon)">villages</a>, ne sont pas regroupées en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts du Japon">districts</a> et sont donc des subdivisions directes de la préfecture. Nombre d’entre elles résultent de la fusion de plusieurs anciens bourgs, villages ou villes.</p> <p>Liste des <span class="nowrap">26 villes</span> de la préfecture de Tokyo&nbsp;:</p> <div style="column-width:10em;column-count:4;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akiruno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Akiruno">Akiruno</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akishima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Akishima">Akishima</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dfu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chōfu">Chōfu</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuch%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuchū">Fuchū</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fussa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fussa">Fussa</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hachi%C5%8Dji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hachiōji">Hachiōji</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamura?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamura">Hamura</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higashikurume?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higashikurume">Higashikurume</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higashimurayama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higashimurayama">Higashimurayama</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Higashiyamato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Higashiyamato">Higashiyamato</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hino">Hino</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inagi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inagi">Inagi</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiyose?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiyose">Kiyose</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kodaira?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kodaira">Kodaira</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koganei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koganei">Koganei</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kokubunji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokubunji">Kokubunji</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komae?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komae">Komae</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kunitachi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kunitachi">Kunitachi</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Machida?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Machida">Machida</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitaka?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitaka">Mitaka</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musashimurayama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musashimurayama">Musashimurayama</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musashino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musashino">Musashino</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nishit%C5%8Dky%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nishitōkyō">Nishitōkyō</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oume?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oume">Oume</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tachikawa_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tachikawa (Tokyo)">Tachikawa</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tama_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tama (Tokyo)">Tama</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Districts">Districts</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Districts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Okutama_bridge_Okutama_town_Tokyo_20090906.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Okutama_bridge_Okutama_town_Tokyo_20090906.jpg/220px-Okutama_bridge_Okutama_town_Tokyo_20090906.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Okutama_bridge_Okutama_town_Tokyo_20090906.jpg/220px-Okutama_bridge_Okutama_town_Tokyo_20090906.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Okutama_bridge_Okutama_town_Tokyo_20090906.jpg/330px-Okutama_bridge_Okutama_town_Tokyo_20090906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Okutama_bridge_Okutama_town_Tokyo_20090906.jpg/440px-Okutama_bridge_Okutama_town_Tokyo_20090906.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Le pont et le bourg d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okutama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okutama">Okutama</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Il ne subsiste qu’un seul <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts du Japon">district rural</a>, celui de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nishitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishitama">Nishitama</a>, regroupant trois bourgs&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinode?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinode">Hinode</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mizuho_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mizuho (Tokyo)">Mizuho</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okutama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okutama">Okutama</a>, et un unique village&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinohara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinohara">Hinohara</a>. Tous les autres districts ou municipalités plus importantes ont été promus au rang de villes séparées, par fusion ou par changement de statut.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Sous-préfectures_(uniquement_dans_les_îles_du_Pacifique)"><span id="Sous-pr.C3.A9fectures_.28uniquement_dans_les_.C3.AEles_du_Pacifique.29"></span>Sous-préfectures (uniquement dans les îles du Pacifique)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sous-préfectures (uniquement dans les îles du Pacifique)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Aogashima01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Aogashima01.jpg/220px-Aogashima01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Aogashima01.jpg/220px-Aogashima01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Aogashima01.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> L'île et le village d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aogashima_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aogashima (Tokyo)">Aogashima</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Sur l’île principale de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honshū">Honshū</a>, toutes les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Municipalit%C3%A9s_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalités du Japon">municipalités</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villes_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villes du Japon">villes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">arrondissements spéciaux</a> et les quelques autres communes groupées en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts du Japon">district</a>) sont rattachées directement à la préfecture. En raison de leur éloignement de la métropole, les îles du Pacifique qui font partie de la préfecture de Tokyo sont d’abord rattachées à un niveau intermédiaire dans quatre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfectures du Japon">sous-préfectures</a>, non subdivisées en districts et gérées administrativement par le bureau des Affaires générales du gouvernement de la métropole. Elles permettent ainsi de relayer dans ces espaces reculés certains services publics et démarches administratives.</p> <p>Ces 4 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfectures du Japon">sous-préfectures</a> comptent neuf <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Municipalit%C3%A9s_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalités du Japon">municipalités</a> (toutes des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourgs_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgs du Japon">bourgs</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villages_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villages du Japon">villages</a>), portant chacune le nom de l’île principale constituant son territoire.</p> <p>Liste des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfectures du Japon">sous-préfectures</a>, des îles de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipel_d%27Izu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipel d'Izu">archipel d'Izu</a> et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fecture_d%27Ogasawara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfecture d'Ogasawara">îles d’Ogasawara</a>, et de leurs <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourgs_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgs du Japon">bourgs</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villages_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villages du Japon">villages</a>.</p> <div style="column-width:14em;column-count:5;margin:.3em 0;" class="colonnes"> <div style="margin:-.3em 0;"> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Hachij%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfecture de Hachijō">Sous-préfecture de Hachijō</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aogashima_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aogashima (Tokyo)">Aogashima</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hachijō">Hachijō</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Miyake?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfecture de Miyake">Sous-préfecture de Miyake</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikurajima_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikurajima (Tokyo)">Mikurajima</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miyake_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miyake (Tokyo)">Miyake</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fecture_d%27%C5%8Cshima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfecture d'Ōshima">Sous-préfecture d'Ōshima</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%8Cshima_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ōshima (Tokyo)">Ōshima</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C5%8Dzushima_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kōzushima (Tokyo)">Kōzushima</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niijima_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niijima (Tokyo)">Niijima</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toshima_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toshima (Tokyo)">Toshima</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="-moz-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid;-moz-column-break-inside:avoid;-webkit-column-break-inside:avoid;page-break-inside:avoid;overflow:hidden;"> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fecture_d%27Ogasawara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfecture d'Ogasawara">Sous-préfecture d'Ogasawara</a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ogasawara_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ogasawara (Tokyo)">Ogasawara</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Géographie"><span id="G.C3.A9ographie"></span>Géographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Géographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Site">Site</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Site" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Tokyo est située sur la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baie_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baie de Tokyo">baie de Tokyo</a>, qui constitue l'ouverture maritime sur l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Océan Pacifique">océan Pacifique</a> de la plus grande plaine du Japon, celle du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plaine_de_Kant%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaine de Kantō">Kantō</a>, sur la côte est de l'île d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honshū">Honshū</a>, à l'embouchure de plusieurs fleuves côtiers&nbsp;: la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tama-gawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tama-gawa">Tama</a> à l'ouest, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumida-gawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumida-gawa">Sumida</a> et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arakawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakawa">Arakawa</a> en son cœur, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naka-gawa_(pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Saitama)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naka-gawa (préfecture de Saitama)">Naka</a> et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edo-gawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edo-gawa">Edo</a> à l'est. Tokyo se trouve à 29&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> au nord de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yokohama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, à 259&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> à l'est-nord-est de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nagoya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>, à 397&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> à l'est-nord-est d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osaka?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, à 1&nbsp;153&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> à l'est de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9oul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Séoul">Séoul</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corée du Sud">Corée du Sud</a>, à 2&nbsp;094&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> à l'est de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9kin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pékin">Pékin</a> et à 9&nbsp;715&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> au nord-nord-est de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a>.</p> <p>La préfecture de Tokyo est entourée par la préfecture de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Chiba">Chiba</a> à l'est, celle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Kanagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a> au sud-ouest, celle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Yamanashi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Yamanashi">Yamanashi</a> à l'ouest et celle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Saitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Saitama">Saitama</a> au nord.</p> <p>Au sud-est se trouve la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baie_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baie de Tokyo">baie de Tokyo</a>. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tama-gawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tama-gawa">Tama</a> délimite la frontière avec la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Kanagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Kanagawa">préfecture de Kanagawa</a> et a une longueur de <span class="nowrap">138 kilomètres</span>&nbsp;; sa source se situe dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Collines_de_Tama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collines de Tama">collines de Tama</a>, à l’ouest de la préfecture de Tokyo. Le fleuve <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumida-gawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumida-gawa">Sumida</a> délimite les frontières avec les préfectures de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Saitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Saitama">Saitama</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Chiba">Chiba</a>&nbsp;; il constitue la partie aval du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arakawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakawa">fleuve Ara</a> (ou <i>Arakawa</i>), qui a une longueur de <span class="nowrap">173 kilomètres</span>.</p> <p>La préfecture de Tokyo se divise elle-même généralement en trois parties&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li>l'extrémité sud de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plaine_de_Kant%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaine de Kantō">plaine de Kantō</a> à l'est, recouverte essentiellement par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arrondissement_sp%C3%A9cial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arrondissement spécial de Tokyo">arrondissements spéciaux</a> et par quelques-unes des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villes_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villes du Japon">villes</a> les plus orientales de la préfecture&nbsp;;</li> <li>les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Collines_de_Tama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collines de Tama">collines de Tama</a> et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Monts_Okutama&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Monts Okutama (page inexistante)">monts Okutama</a> à l'ouest, culminant au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mont_Kumotori?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mont Kumotori">mont Kumotori</a> à 2&nbsp;017&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> (limite avec les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monts_Okuchichibu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monts Okuchichibu">monts Okuchichibu</a>), correspondant à la plupart des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villes_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villes du Japon">villes</a> de la préfecture et au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Districts_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts du Japon">district rural</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nishitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishitama">Nishitama</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li>les îles de l'archipel de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nanp%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanpō">Nanpō</a> (au sens large, comprenant les archipels d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archipel_d%27Izu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archipel d'Izu">Izu</a> pour sa partie nord et d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fecture_d%27Ogasawara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfecture d'Ogasawara">Ogasawara</a> pour sa partie sud) dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Océan Pacifique">océan Pacifique</a>, où se situent les quatre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sous-pr%C3%A9fectures_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sous-préfectures du Japon">sous-préfectures</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Climat">Climat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Climat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:ClimateTokyoJapan.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ClimateTokyoJapan.png/220px-ClimateTokyoJapan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ClimateTokyoJapan.png/220px-ClimateTokyoJapan.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ClimateTokyoJapan.png/330px-ClimateTokyoJapan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ClimateTokyoJapan.png/440px-ClimateTokyoJapan.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Températures et précipitations (2006). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Tokyo vit sous un régime de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Climat_subtropical_humide?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Climat subtropical humide">climat subtropical humide</a>. La ville bénéficie d’hivers relativement doux, avec peu ou pas de neige (moyenne minimale de <span title="41 °F ou 278,2 K" style="cursor:help">5</span>&nbsp;à <span title="42,8 °F ou 279,2 K" style="cursor:help">6</span>&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Degré Celsius">°C</a></abbr> en janvier et février). En revanche, les étés sont chauds (régulièrement plus de <span title="89,6 °F ou 305,2 K" style="cursor:help">32</span>&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>) et surtout très humides. C’est principalement en raison de ces fortes chaleurs qu’une multitude de distributeurs de boissons (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jidohanbaiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jidohanbaiki">jidohanbaiki</a></i>) sont présents un peu partout dans la ville.</p> <p>Le record de chaleur à la station d'Ōtemachi est de <span title="103,1 °F ou 312,7 K" style="cursor:help">39,5</span>&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> (un record de <span title="108,9 °F ou 315,9 K" style="cursor:help">42,7</span>&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> fut enregistré dans une autre station) et le record de froid est de <span title="15,4 °F ou 264 K" style="cursor:help">−9,2</span>&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>.</p> <p>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baie_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baie de Tokyo">baie de Tokyo</a> subit également deux saisons des pluies (<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsuyu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsuyu">tsuyu</a></i> de début juin à mi-juillet et <i>akisame</i> en septembre et octobre) et peut subir des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclone_tropical?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclone tropical">tempêtes tropicales ou des typhons</a> entre les deux&nbsp;: par exemple le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2004-10-10" data-sort-value="2004-10-10">10 octobre 2004</time>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Typhon_(m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhon (météorologie)">typhon</a> Ma-on a fait une dizaine de morts. On a mesuré des vents de <span title="38,888&nbsp;92 m/s" style="cursor:help">140</span>&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre par heure">km/h</abbr> et des précipitations importantes (70&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="millimètre">mm</abbr> en une heure). Ce cyclone tropical était le vingt-deuxième de l’aire Asie-Pacifique et le neuvième à frapper directement le Japon depuis <time class="nowrap" datetime="2004-06" data-sort-value="2004-06">juin 2004</time>. La semaine précédente, le typhon Meari avait fait <span class="nowrap">22 morts</span> et six disparus.</p> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="wikitable sortable centre" style="text-align:center; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:var(--color-emphasized, #000);"> <caption> Relevé météorologique de Tokyo Kitanomaru, Chiyoda ward (1991-2020) </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#DFD" class="unsortable">Mois</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD"><abbr title="janvier">jan.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD"><abbr title="février">fév.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD">mars</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD">avril</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD">mai</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD">juin</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD"><abbr title="juillet">jui.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD">août</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD"><abbr title="septembre">sep.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD"><abbr title="octobre">oct.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD"><abbr title="novembre">nov.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD"><abbr title="décembre">déc.</abbr></th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable" style="background-color:#DFD">année</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Température minimale moyenne (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Degré Celsius">°C</a>)</th> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">1,2</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">2,1</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">5</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">9,8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">14,6</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">18,5</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">22,4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">23,5</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">20,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">14,8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">8,8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">3,8</td> <td><b>12,1</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Température moyenne (°C)</th> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">5,4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">6,1</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">9,4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">14,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">18,8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">21,9</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">25,7</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">26,9</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">23,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">18</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">12,5</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">7,7</td> <td><b>15,8</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Température maximale moyenne (°C)</th> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">9,8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">10,9</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">14,2</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">19,4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">23,6</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">26,1</td> <td style="background-color:#FF8000">29,9</td> <td style="background-color:#FF8000">31,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FF8000">27,5</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">22</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">16,7</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">12</td> <td><b>20,3</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Record de froid (°C)<br><small>date du record</small></th> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">−9,2<br><small>1876</small></td> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">−7,9<br><small>1945</small></td> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">−5,6<br><small>1928</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">−3,1<br><small>1883</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">2,2<br><small>1882</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">8,5<br><small>1888</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">13<br><small>1890</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">15,4<br><small>1917</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFC0">10,5<br><small>1906</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">−0,5<br><small>1877</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">−3,1<br><small>1912</small></td> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">−6,8<br><small>1880</small></td> <td><b>−9,2</b><br><small>1876</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Record de chaleur (°C)<br><small>date du record</small></th> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">22,6<br><small>1969</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">24,9<br><small>1930</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">25,3<br><small>2013</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FF8000">29,2<br><small>1922</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FF8000">32,6<br><small>2019</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FF8000">36,2<br><small>2005</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FF8000">39,1<br><small>2004</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FF8000">39,5<br><small>1994</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FF8000">38,1<br><small>1984</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FF8000">32,6<br><small>1979</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">27,3<br><small>1923</small></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">24,8<br><small>2004</small></td> <td><b>39,5</b><br><small>2004</small></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Nombre de jours avec température maximale ≥ 25 °C</th> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,1</td> <td>1,9</td> <td>12,4</td> <td>19,3</td> <td>27,2</td> <td>29,4</td> <td>22,4</td> <td>5,7</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td><b>118,5</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Nombre de jours avec température maximale ≥ 30 °C</th> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,6</td> <td>3,6</td> <td>16,8</td> <td>22,6</td> <td>8,2</td> <td>0,3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td><b>52,1</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Nombre de jours avec température maximale ≥ 35 °C</th> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,1</td> <td>1,4</td> <td>3,1</td> <td>0,3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td><b>4,8</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Ensoleillement (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heure?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heure">h</a>)</th> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">192,6</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">170,4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">175,3</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">178,8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">179,6</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">124,2</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">151,4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">174,2</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">126,7</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">129,4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFF80">149,8</td> <td style="background-color:#FFC040">174,4</td> <td><b>1&nbsp;926,7</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Précipitations (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Millim%C3%A8tre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Millimètre">mm</a>)</th> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">59,7</td> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">56,5</td> <td style="background-color:#B4C8FF">116</td> <td style="background-color:#B4C8FF">133,7</td> <td style="background-color:#B4C8FF">139,7</td> <td style="background-color:#8CA0FF">167,8</td> <td style="background-color:#8CA0FF">156,2</td> <td style="background-color:#8CA0FF">154,7</td> <td style="background-color:#6478FF">224,9</td> <td style="background-color:#6478FF">234,8</td> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">96,3</td> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">57,9</td> <td><b>1&nbsp;598,2</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;adding-left:10px;"><small>dont neige (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centim%C3%A8tre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centimètre">cm</a>)</small></th> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">4</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">0</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">0</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">0</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">0</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">0</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">0</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">0</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">0</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">0</td> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF">0</td> <td><b>8</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Nombre de jours avec précipitations</th> <td>5,3</td> <td>6,1</td> <td>10,3</td> <td>10,9</td> <td>11,1</td> <td>12,8</td> <td>12</td> <td>9,4</td> <td>12,3</td> <td>11,8</td> <td>8,2</td> <td>5,8</td> <td><b>116</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Humidité relative (%)</th> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">51</td> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">52</td> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">57</td> <td style="background-color:#B4C8FF">62</td> <td style="background-color:#B4C8FF">68</td> <td style="background-color:#8CA0FF">75</td> <td style="background-color:#8CA0FF">76</td> <td style="background-color:#8CA0FF">74</td> <td style="background-color:#8CA0FF">75</td> <td style="background-color:#8CA0FF">71</td> <td style="background-color:#B4C8FF">64</td> <td style="background-color:#DCF0FF">56</td> <td><b>65</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Nombre de jours avec neige</th> <td>0,7</td> <td>0,8</td> <td>0,2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,1</td> <td><b>1,9</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Nombre de jours d'orage</th> <td>0,2</td> <td>0,2</td> <td>0,4</td> <td>0,8</td> <td>1,2</td> <td>1,6</td> <td>2,5</td> <td>3,2</td> <td>2,5</td> <td>1,1</td> <td>0,5</td> <td>0,2</td> <td><b>14,5</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#DFD; text-align:left;">Nombre de jours avec brouillard</th> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,4</td> <td>0,2</td> <td>0,1</td> <td>0,1</td> <td>0</td> <td>0,1</td> <td>0,1</td> <td>0,4</td> <td>0</td> <td><b>1,3</b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="margin-top: -1em; text-align:center; font-size:85%"> Source&nbsp;: le climat à Tokyo (en °C et mm, moyenne mensuelles) - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agence_m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agence météorologique du Japon">Agence météorologique du Japon</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </div> <table style="text-align:center; margin: 1em auto; border:solid 1px silver; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diagramme_climatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diagramme climatique">Diagramme climatique</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><abbr title="janvier">J</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="février">F</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="mars">M</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="avril">A</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="mai">M</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="juin">J</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="juillet">J</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="août">A</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="septembre">S</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="octobre">O</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="novembre">N</abbr></td> <td><abbr title="décembre">D</abbr></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:1.194em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:8.24em;left:.4em;height:1.72em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:9.71em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>9,8</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:6.74em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>1,2</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>59,7</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:1.13em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:8.42em;left:.4em;height:1.76em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:9.93em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>10,9</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:6.92em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>2,1</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>56,5</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:2.32em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:9em;left:.4em;height:1.84em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:10.59em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>14,2</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:7.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>5</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>116</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:2.674em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:9.96em;left:.4em;height:1.92em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:11.63em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>19,4</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:8.46em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>9,8</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>133,7</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:2.794em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:10.92em;left:.4em;height:1.8em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:12.47em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>23,6</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:9.42em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>14,6</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>139,7</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:3.356em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:11.7em;left:.4em;height:1.52em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:12.97em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>26,1</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:10.2em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>18,5</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>167,8</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:3.124em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:12.48em;left:.4em;height:1.5em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:13.73em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>29,9</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:10.98em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>22,4</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>156,2</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:3.094em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:12.7em;left:.4em;height:1.56em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:14.01em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>31,3</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:11.2em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>23,5</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>154,7</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:4.498em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:12.06em;left:.4em;height:1.44em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:13.25em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>27,5</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:10.56em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>20,3</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>224,9</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:4.696em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:10.96em;left:.4em;height:1.44em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:12.15em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>22</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:9.46em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>14,8</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>234,8</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:1.926em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:9.76em;left:.4em;height:1.58em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:11.09em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>16,7</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:8.26em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>8,8</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>96,3</small> </div> </div></td> <td> <div style="position:relative;margin:0;height:16.5em;width:1.6em;background:white;padding:0;color:black;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:0;height:6em;width:1.6em;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px dotted #AAA;border-bottom:1px dotted #AAA;background:none;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:2em;left:.4em;height:1.158em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:#6478FF;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:8.76em;left:.4em;height:1.64em;width:.8em;overflow:hidden;background:black;padding:0;color:transparent"> &nbsp; </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:10.15em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:red"> <small>12</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:7.26em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:blue"> <small>3,8</small> </div> <div style="position:absolute;margin:0;bottom:.5em;left:0;height:1.5em;width:1.6em;background:none;padding:0;color:#6478FF"> <small>57,9</small> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="text-align:left;">Moyennes&nbsp;: <abbr title="Températures">• Temp.</abbr> <span style="color:red">maxi</span> et <span style="color:blue">mini</span> <abbr title="Degrés Celsius">°C</abbr> <span style="color:#6478FF">• Précipitation</span> <abbr title="Millimètres">mm</abbr></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sismicité"><span id="Sismicit.C3.A9"></span>Sismicité</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sismicité" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La région de Tokyo est au carrefour de trois plaques tectoniques (la plaque philippine, la plaque eurasienne, et la plaque nord-américaine), ce qui constitue l'une des zones sismiques les plus actives du monde, la <i>Ceinture de Feu</i>. On recense en moyenne un tremblement de terre ressenti par jour d'après les enregistrements mondiaux des séismes (voir l'agence météorologique du Japon ou l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USGS?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a>)<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence ; voir l'aide.">[réf.&nbsp;nécessaire]</span></a></sup>. La quasi-totalité d'entre eux a des conséquences négligeables.</p> <p>Certains sont en revanche extrêmement violents&nbsp;: le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1923-09-01" data-sort-value="1923-09-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> septembre 1923</time>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tremblement_de_terre_de_Kant%C5%8D_de_1923?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tremblement de terre de Kantō de 1923">grand tremblement de terre de Kantō</a> emporte plus de 140&nbsp;000&nbsp;victimes et laisse près de deux millions de personnes sans abri, détruisant une grande partie de la ville. Sa magnitude a été évaluée à 7,9 sur l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Richter?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Échelle de Richter">échelle de Richter</a>.</p> <p>Selon le groupe de recherche <i>Team tokyo</i>, les 17 derniers séismes très violents ont frappé tous les <span class="nowrap">400 ans</span> en moyenne avec une régularité surprenante. Il n'y aurait qu'une probabilité de 0,5&nbsp;% qu'un tel séisme se produise dans les trente années suivant l'étude. Il y aurait en revanche 30&nbsp;% de chances qu'un séisme moins violent mais provoquant toutefois d'importants dégâts survienne dans la même période<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le plus violent séisme survenu à Tokyo ces dernières années a eu lieu en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005">2005</a>, le 23 juillet à <span class="nowrap">16&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="heures">h</abbr>&nbsp;30</span>, et s'est déclenché dans sa baie avec une magnitude de 5,9 sur l'échelle ouverte de Richter, engendrant des mouvements de panique, mais ne causant aucune victime et uniquement des dégâts modérés. Ce séisme était le plus puissant ressenti à Tokyo depuis celui de 1992.</p> <p>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9isme_de_2011_de_la_c%C3%B4te_Pacifique_du_T%C5%8Dhoku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Séisme de 2011 de la côte Pacifique du Tōhoku">séisme du 11 mars 2011</a> sur la côte Pacifique du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōhoku">Tōhoku</a> a été particulièrement brutal sur l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agglom%C3%A9ration_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Agglomération de Tokyo">agglomération de Tokyo</a> située à environ <span class="nowrap">380 km</span> de l'épicentre, avec une intensité atteignant sur l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Shindo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Échelle de Shindo">échelle de Shindo</a> 5+ (secousses majeures) sur la ville de Tokyo et jusqu'à 6- (secousses importantes) au nord de l'agglomération, soit une intensité équivalente à celle d'un séisme de magnitude entre 6,0 et 6,5 sur l'échelle de Richter qui se serait produit sur Tokyo à une faible profondeur. Un toit s'est effondré sur un bâtiment du centre de la capitale où <span class="nowrap">600 étudiants</span> participaient à une cérémonie de remise de diplômes, faisant de nombreux blessés, et des dizaines d'incendies ont été signalés dans la capitale. C'est la secousse ayant fait le plus de dégâts et de blessés dans la capitale depuis 1923.</p> <p>Tokyo s'est dotée des dernières avancées technologiques en matière de prévention sismique, à l'image de ces immeubles high-tech reposant sur de gigantesques ressorts d'acier qui absorbent la majeure partie des ondes sismiques, et limitent ainsi considérablement le risque d'effondrement. Il existe à Tokyo des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gratte-ciel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gratte-ciel">gratte-ciel</a> de plus de <span class="nowrap">200 mètres</span> de haut. Les ingénieurs affirment qu'ils peuvent faire face aux plus violentes secousses&nbsp;; toutefois, dans la crainte d'un hypothétique cataclysme, de vastes exercices d'alerte en grandeur nature sont programmés régulièrement. En dépit de ces dispositifs, un séisme de magnitude 7 qui se déclencherait provoquerait d'immenses pertes, tant humaines que matérielles<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Parcs_nationaux">Parcs nationaux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Parcs nationaux" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La région de Tokyo comprend trois <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_national_au_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc national au Japon">parcs nationaux</a>&nbsp;: les parcs de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_national_de_Chichibu_Tamakai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc national de Chichibu Tamakai">Chichibu Tamakai</a>, d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_national_d%27Ogasawara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc national d'Ogasawara">Ogasawara</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_national_de_Fuji-Hakone-Izu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc national de Fuji-Hakone-Izu">Fuji-Hakone-Izu</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Structure_urbaine_et_architecture">Structure urbaine et architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Structure urbaine et architecture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Tokyo s'est développée sans planification publique centralisée<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le plan de la ville est donc très complexe et semble manquer d'unité. Ses rues à l'aspect hétérogène, et sans nom pour la plupart, sont un mélange de constructions ultra modernes et de bicoques sans âge. Tous les arrondissements se décomposent en quartiers qui s'entrecroisent, dotés chacun d'une atmosphère bien spécifique.</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Skyscrapers_Shinjuku_25_January_2004_rev.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Gratte-ciel de Shinjuku."> <noscript> <img alt="Gratte-ciel de Shinjuku." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Skyscrapers_Shinjuku_25_January_2004_rev.jpg/300px-Skyscrapers_Shinjuku_25_January_2004_rev.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1092"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Skyscrapers_Shinjuku_25_January_2004_rev.jpg/300px-Skyscrapers_Shinjuku_25_January_2004_rev.jpg" data-alt="Gratte-ciel de Shinjuku." data-width="200" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Skyscrapers_Shinjuku_25_January_2004_rev.jpg/450px-Skyscrapers_Shinjuku_25_January_2004_rev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Skyscrapers_Shinjuku_25_January_2004_rev.jpg/600px-Skyscrapers_Shinjuku_25_January_2004_rev.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Gratte-ciel de Shinjuku. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Koyodai.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Les tours du quartier de Kōyōdai à Inagi, Tama New Town, emblématique du développement frénétique de l'ouest de la préfecture."> <noscript> <img alt="Les tours du quartier de Kōyōdai à Inagi, Tama New Town, emblématique du développement frénétique de l'ouest de la préfecture." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Koyodai.jpg/271px-Koyodai.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3842" data-file-height="2554"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 181px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Koyodai.jpg/271px-Koyodai.jpg" data-alt="Les tours du quartier de Kōyōdai à Inagi, Tama New Town, emblématique du développement frénétique de l'ouest de la préfecture." data-width="181" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Koyodai.jpg/406px-Koyodai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Koyodai.jpg/542px-Koyodai.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Les tours du quartier de Kōyōdai à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inagi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inagi">Inagi</a>, <i>Tama New Town</i>, emblématique du développement frénétique de l'ouest de la préfecture. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo_blue_facade_at_Nishifukawa_Bridge_1074.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Façade d'immeuble à Tokyo."> <noscript> <img alt="Façade d'immeuble à Tokyo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tokyo_blue_facade_at_Nishifukawa_Bridge_1074.jpg/240px-Tokyo_blue_facade_at_Nishifukawa_Bridge_1074.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tokyo_blue_facade_at_Nishifukawa_Bridge_1074.jpg/240px-Tokyo_blue_facade_at_Nishifukawa_Bridge_1074.jpg" data-alt="Façade d'immeuble à Tokyo." data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tokyo_blue_facade_at_Nishifukawa_Bridge_1074.jpg/360px-Tokyo_blue_facade_at_Nishifukawa_Bridge_1074.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tokyo_blue_facade_at_Nishifukawa_Bridge_1074.jpg/480px-Tokyo_blue_facade_at_Nishifukawa_Bridge_1074.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Façade d'immeuble à Tokyo. </div></li> </ul> <p>La densité humaine est considérable sur près de 65&nbsp;kilomètres. L'urbanisme de la ville est une synthèse entre le design contemporain et l'héritage historique. Il règne dans cette immense agglomération une impression de désordre où les immeubles de verre et d'acier côtoient les frêles maisons de papier, et où les autoroutes suspendues forment un inextricable lacis d'asphalte. Les quartiers les plus en vogue de Tokyo, densément peuplés et plantés de gratte-ciel, se trouvent dans le cœur névralgique de la ville.</p> <p>À Tokyo, plus de la moitié des parcelles constructibles font moins de 100&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre carré">m<sup>2</sup></abbr>. Ceci explique la multiplication, depuis l'an 2000, de «&nbsp;maisons bonsaïs&nbsp;» occupant 50 à 70&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre carré">m<sup>2</sup></abbr> au sol. Dans le centre, le manque d’espace est tel que les bâtiments se pressent les uns contre les autres, voire s’emboîtent. Les rues sont pour la plupart étroites, et les parkings en surface ainsi que les terrasses de cafés sont très rares. Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_capsule?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hôtel capsule">hôtels capsules</a> viennent combler même les parcelles les plus minces, là où il serait impossible de construire autre chose.</p> <p>Par ailleurs, le système de numérotation des bâtiments de la ville est très particulier&nbsp;: les numéros des immeubles ne se suivent pas par ordre croissant ou décroissant, mais correspondent plutôt à leurs dates de construction.</p> <p>Tokyo est née de la mer. Le rôle de cette dernière y est donc vital&nbsp;: on y trouve plusieurs des grands ports japonais. Les plaines représentent seulement un tiers des terres émergées de l'archipel. Accaparé le plus souvent par l'exploitation agricole ou sylvicole, l'espace devient un enjeu crucial&nbsp;: le seul recours envisagé a été de gagner des terres sur la mer avec la création de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terre-plein_(g%C3%A9ographie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terre-plein (géographie)">terre-pleins littoraux</a>.</p> <p>Il reste très peu de bâtiments anciens à Tokyo à cause de leur destruction par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tremblement_de_terre_de_Kant%C5%8D_de_1923?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tremblement de terre de Kantō de 1923">tremblement de terre</a> du <time class="nowrap" datetime="1923-09-01" data-sort-value="1923-09-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> septembre 1923</time> et des bombardements américains de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>. Les quelques monuments historiques préexistants ont pour beaucoup été reconstruits à l'identique après ces deux catastrophes. Ce même tremblement de terre a été à l'origine d'une limitation de la hauteur des bâtiments à 31&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1931?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1931">1931</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1962?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1962">1962</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Que Tokyo, la capitale la plus peuplée du monde, ne soit pas depuis longtemps en état de nécrose avancée, ni en congestion permanente, a de quoi étonner. Or elle «&nbsp;fonctionne&nbsp;» même mieux que d'autres grandes cités. Le soir, pour rentrer chez eux, la plupart des salariés tokyoïtes effectuent une ou deux heures de voyage dans des trains bondés, qui se succèdent à une fréquence maximale vers les «&nbsp;cités dortoirs&nbsp;» de la partie occidentale de la Métropole ou des préfectures voisines.</p> <p>Pour limiter ces mouvements pendulaires et développer des activités en banlieue, le gouvernement avait lancé dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1950">années 1950</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1960?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Années 1960">1960</a> une politique de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville_nouvelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville nouvelle">villes nouvelles</a> dont la plus emblématique reste la <i>Tama New Town</i><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Désignée comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville_nouvelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville nouvelle">ville nouvelle</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1965?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1965">1965</a>, elle s'étend sur les communes de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hachi%C5%8Dji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hachiōji">Hachiōji</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tama_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tama (Tokyo)">Tama</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inagi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inagi">Inagi</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Machida?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Machida">Machida</a>, dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Collines_de_Tama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collines de Tama">collines de Tama</a> et l'ouest encore largement rural de la Métropole, sur une superficie de 28,92&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km<sup>2</sup></abbr>. L'ensemble comprend de vastes complexes commerciaux (dont le principal reste le <i>Parthenon Tama</i>), ses services de proximité (chacun des 21 quartiers qui divisent la ville regroupent 3&nbsp;000&nbsp;à 5&nbsp;000&nbsp;maisons ou appartements desservis par deux écoles élémentaires et un collège, un centre commercial de quartier, un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C5%8Dban?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kōban">kōban</a>, une poste, des cliniques ou autres), ses universités et écoles supérieures, ses sites de divertissements comme le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_%C3%A0_th%C3%A8me?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc à thème">parc à thème</a> couvert <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanrio_Puroland?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanrio Puroland">Sanrio Puroland</a></i>. Si l'objectif initial de population (342&nbsp;200&nbsp;habitants) n'a pas été atteint, la <i>Tama New Town</i> reste, avec 200&nbsp;000&nbsp;habitants, le plus vaste développement résidentiel du Japon et le symbole de l'expansion tentaculaire et effrénée de la capitale japonaise dans les années du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boom_Izanagi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boom Izanagi">Boom Izanagi</a>, immortalisé dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Film_d%27animation?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Film d'animation">film d'animation</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Studio_Ghibli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Studio Ghibli">Studio Ghibli</a> <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pompoko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pompoko">Pompoko</a></i>. Mais elle n'a pas réussi à devenir un pôle d'emploi à part entière et est devenue une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville-dortoir?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville-dortoir">ville-dortoir</a> supplémentaire, les transports en commun qui la desservent étant congestionnés par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Migration_pendulaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration pendulaire">migrations pendulaires</a> des actifs vers le centre urbain.</p> <p>La nouvelle solution développée par les autorités face à ce déséquilibre se retrouve dans la loi pour un développement multipolaire du Territoire national<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Celle-ci crée dans le périmètre d'une «&nbsp;aire de Tokyo&nbsp;» recentrée sur la métropole en elle-même et les quatre préfectures du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kant%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantō">Kantō</a> les plus peuplées (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Saitama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Saitama">Saitama</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Chiba">Chiba</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_d%27Ibaraki?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture d'Ibaraki">Ibaraki</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Kanagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Kanagawa">Kanagawa</a>) des «&nbsp;Cités noyaux d'affaires&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, désignés par le gouvernement central par le biais des Plans décennaux de développement de la Région capitale. Véritables relais du pôle urbain au sein de la périphérie pour ce qui des emplois et des activités, ces «&nbsp;Noyaux d'affaires&nbsp;» sont dotés d'un Plan directeur général<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> chargé de définir les objectifs et les «&nbsp;installations d'affaires&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>l 19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, soit l'ensemble des infrastructures, services, activités et entreprises, publiques ou privées, à implanter. Au sein de la préfecture de Tokyo, deux «&nbsp;Cités noyaux d'affaires&nbsp;» ont été définies dans la zone occidentale des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Collines_de_Tama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collines de Tama">collines de Tama</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hachi%C5%8Dji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hachiōji">Hachiōji</a> - <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tachikawa_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tachikawa (Tokyo)">Tachikawa</a> (pour la <i>Tama New Town</i>) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oume?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oume">Oume</a>.</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 558.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 556.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_(cropped).JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Une vue panoramique de Tokyo depuis le Tokyo Skytree."> <noscript> <img alt="Une vue panoramique de Tokyo depuis le Tokyo Skytree." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_%28cropped%29.JPG/835px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="557" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5999" data-file-height="1294"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 557px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_%28cropped%29.JPG/835px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_%28cropped%29.JPG" data-alt="Une vue panoramique de Tokyo depuis le Tokyo Skytree." data-width="557" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_%28cropped%29.JPG/1252px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_%28cropped%29.JPG/1669px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <div class="center"> Une vue panoramique de Tokyo depuis le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokyo Skytree">Tokyo Skytree</a>. </div> </div></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Démographie"><span id="D.C3.A9mographie"></span>Démographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Démographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Tokyo">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue&nbsp;! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire&nbsp;?</a> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo_historical_population.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tokyo_historical_population.gif/220px-Tokyo_historical_population.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="266"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tokyo_historical_population.gif/220px-Tokyo_historical_population.gif" data-width="220" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tokyo_historical_population.gif/330px-Tokyo_historical_population.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Tokyo_historical_population.gif/440px-Tokyo_historical_population.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Évolution de la population depuis 1920. </figcaption> </figure> <table class="toccolours" style="width:15em;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="padding:0.25em;font-size:110%">Évolution de la population</th> </tr> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;width:3em">Année</th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th> <th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change">±%</abbr></th> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1870</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">590&nbsp;268</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1880</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">712&nbsp;259</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1&nbsp;389&nbsp;684</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+95.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1&nbsp;580&nbsp;124</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1910</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2&nbsp;202&nbsp;079</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+39.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3&nbsp;699&nbsp;428</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+68.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1925</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4&nbsp;485&nbsp;144</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5&nbsp;408&nbsp;678</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1935</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6&nbsp;369&nbsp;919</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1940</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">7&nbsp;354&nbsp;971</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+15.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1945</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3&nbsp;488&nbsp;284</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−52.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6&nbsp;277&nbsp;500</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+80.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1955</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8&nbsp;037&nbsp;084</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9&nbsp;683&nbsp;802</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1965</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">10&nbsp;869&nbsp;244</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+12.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11&nbsp;408&nbsp;071</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11&nbsp;673&nbsp;554</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11&nbsp;618&nbsp;281</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1985</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11&nbsp;829&nbsp;363</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1990</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">11&nbsp;855&nbsp;563</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11&nbsp;773&nbsp;605</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12&nbsp;064&nbsp;101</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2005</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12&nbsp;576&nbsp;601</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13&nbsp;159&nbsp;388</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2015</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">13&nbsp;515&nbsp;271</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020</th> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13&nbsp;982&nbsp;112</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.5%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Résidents_étrangers"><span id="R.C3.A9sidents_.C3.A9trangers"></span>Résidents étrangers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Résidents étrangers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tbody> <tr> <th></th> <th>Nationalité</th> <th>Population (<time>2024</time>)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Chine"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la République populaire de Chine"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de la République populaire de Chine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de la République populaire de Chine" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chine">Chine</a></span></td> <td>257&nbsp;198</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Corée du Sud"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Corée du Sud"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de la Corée du Sud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de la Corée du Sud" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corée du Sud">Corée du Sud</a></span></td> <td>87&nbsp;955</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Viet nam"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la République socialiste du Viêt Nam"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de la République socialiste du Viêt Nam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de la République socialiste du Viêt Nam" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vi%C3%AAt_Nam?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viêt Nam">Viêt Nam</a></span></td> <td>44&nbsp;087</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Philippines"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Philippines"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau des Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau des Philippines" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippines?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></span></td> <td>35&nbsp;634</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Nepal"><span class="flagicon"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Nepal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Népal"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau du Népal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/14px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/14px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau du Népal" data-width="14" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/21px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/28px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9pal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Népal">Népal</a></span></td> <td>35&nbsp;310</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span data-sort-value="Taiwan"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Taïwan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de Taïwan"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de Taïwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de Taïwan" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ta%C3%AFwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taïwan">Taïwan</a></span></span></td> <td>21&nbsp;771</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="États unis"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" data-width="20" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a></span></span></td> <td>20&nbsp;217</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Birmanie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Birmanie"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de la Birmanie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/20px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/20px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de la Birmanie" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/40px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmanie">Birmanie</a></span></td> <td>19&nbsp;868</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Inde"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_India.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Inde"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de l'Inde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/20px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de l'Inde" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/40px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inde?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inde">Inde</a></span></td> <td>17&nbsp;537</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Indonesie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Indonésie"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de l'Indonésie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de l'Indonésie" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </span><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonésie">Indonésie</a></span></td> <td>9&nbsp;719</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Autres</td> <td>98&nbsp;120</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Économie"><span id=".C3.89conomie"></span>Économie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Économie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Tokyo est la capitale économique, commerciale et financière du pays. Les services, la finance et l'assurance sont les secteurs dominants. Pour son volume de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourse_des_valeurs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bourse des valeurs">transactions</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourse_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bourse de Tokyo">bourse de Tokyo</a> fait partie des trois plus importantes de la planète avec celles de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York">New York</a>.</p> <p>La productivité très importante de la région place Tokyo au premier rang mondial pour ce qui est de la richesse. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a> total de la ville s'élève ainsi en 2018 à 1&nbsp;500&nbsp;milliards de dollars, contre 1&nbsp;200&nbsp;milliards pour <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York">New York</a> qui est la <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr>. A titre de comparaison, c’était le PIB de la Corée du Sud en 2017<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Coût_de_la_vie"><span id="Co.C3.BBt_de_la_vie"></span>Coût de la vie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Coût de la vie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Tokyo est considérée comme l'une des villes les plus chères au monde, plus particulièrement dans le domaine de l'immobilier&nbsp;: selon le bureau de la statistique du Japon, le prix moyen du mètre carré s'élevait à 354&nbsp;100&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="yens"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yen">yens</a></abbr> en quartier résidentiel en 2007, soit environ 3&nbsp;000&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="euros"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euros</a></abbr>. Lors du pic de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulle_immobili%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulle immobilière">bulle immobilière</a> en 1991-1992, le prix du mètre carré à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ginza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ginza">Ginza</a>, centre de commerce et d’affaires, dépassait 100&nbsp;000&nbsp;dollars. D'après le groupe immobilier <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knight_Frank?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Knight Frank">Knight Frank</a> et Citi Private Bank, filiale de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Citigroup?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a>, Tokyo était la cinquième ville la plus chère du monde en 2007 pour les prix de l'immobilier résidentiel de luxe&nbsp;: 17&nbsp;600&nbsp;euros par mètre carré. La société ECA (<i>Employment Conditions Abroad</i>) classe Tokyo première de son classement des villes du monde aux loyers les plus élevés pour un trois pièces en 2009 et 2010<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>L'enquête du cabinet <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oliver_Wyman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oliver Wyman">Mercer</a> sur le coût de la vie pour les expatriés place Tokyo en deuxième position dans le monde derrière Moscou en 2008, en première position devant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osaka?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> et Moscou en 2009, en deuxième position derrière <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luanda">Luanda</a> en 2010 et 2011, et de nouveau en première position en 2012 devant Luanda et Osaka. ECA classe Tokyo deuxième de son classement des cinquante villes les plus chères au monde pour un expatrié au second semestre 2008 et en 2009 derrière Luanda, et première en 2010 et 2011&nbsp;; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nagoya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yokohama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kobe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kobe">Kobe</a> étant chaque année dans le <span class="nowrap">top 10</span><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En 2007 et au premier semestre 2008, Tokyo était seulement treizième de ce classement, le coût de la vie pour les expatriés ayant augmenté à la suite de la forte appréciation du yen en 2008<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Economist_Intelligence_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> classe Tokyo première de son classement des <span class="nowrap">140 villes</span> les plus chères au monde pour un expatrié en 2011<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, deuxième en 2012 derrière <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zurich?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zurich">Zurich</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, de nouveau première en 2013 devant Osaka<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, sixième en 2014, et quatrième en 2017. Tokyo et Osaka sortent du top 10 en 2015, 2016 et 2018, en raison du faible taux d'inflation au Japon<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-07" data-sort-value="2024-07">juillet 2024</time>, Mercer classe désormais Tokyo à la <abbr class="abbr" title="Quarante-neuvième">49<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;place du classement, après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Juan_(Porto_Rico)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Juan (Porto Rico)">San Juan</a>, à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porto_Rico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porto Rico">Porto Rico</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La ville perd trente places dans ce classement par rapport à l'année précédente<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Port_de_la_ville">Port de la ville</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Port de la ville" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port de Tokyo">Port de Tokyo</a>. </div> </div> <p>La capitale du Japon constitue le <abbr class="abbr" title="Septième">7<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;port maritime de marchandises japonais par le volume total échangé, et le <abbr class="abbr" title="Trente-cinquième">35<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;mondial en 2006, ainsi que le premier port à conteneur du pays et le <abbr class="abbr" title="Vingt-sixième">26<sup>e</sup></abbr> de la planète en 2007. Mais l'ensemble des activités portuaires autour de son aire urbaine, qui comprend les trois ports voisins de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiba">Chiba</a> (à l'est, <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;port de marchandises japonais et le <abbr class="abbr" title="Seizième">16<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;mondial en volume total échangé), de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yokohama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a> (à l'ouest, <abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;port de marchandises japonais et le <abbr class="abbr" title="Vingt et unième">21<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;mondial pour ce qui est du volume total échangé, et le <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;port à conteneur du pays et le <abbr class="abbr" title="Vingt-huitième">28<sup>e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;mondial) et, dans une moindre mesure, de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kawasaki_(Kanagawa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kawasaki (Kanagawa)">Kawasaki</a> (à l'ouest), fait de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baie_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baie de Tokyo">baie de Tokyo</a> le plus grand complexe industrialo-portuaire continu au monde.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voies_de_communication_et_transports">Voies de communication et transports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voies de communication et transports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Routes">Routes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Routes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Les routes couvrent, en 2003, 7,6&nbsp;% du territoire de la préfecture de Tokyo (contre 16 à 25&nbsp;% dans les mégapoles occidentales. L’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Automobile?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Automobile">automobile</a> ne compte que pour 11&nbsp;% des déplacements dans le centre de la capitale japonaise, alors qu’elle atteint entre 25 et 32&nbsp;% du trafic dans les métropoles occidentales.</p> <p>La décision de doter les grandes agglomérations d’un réseau routier conséquent, au cours des années 1970, est intervenue trop tard, les prix fonciers étant devenus trop exorbitants pour permettre l’adaptation de la ville à l’automobile<sup id="cite_ref-nat_77-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nat-77"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Aéroports"><span id="A.C3.A9roports"></span>Aéroports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Aéroports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles connexes&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroport_international_de_Tokyo-Haneda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroport international de Tokyo-Haneda">Aeroport international de Tokyo-Haneda</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_de_Tokyo-Narita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aéroport international de Tokyo-Narita">Aéroport international de Tokyo-Narita</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:HND_control_tower.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/HND_control_tower.jpg/220px-HND_control_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/HND_control_tower.jpg/220px-HND_control_tower.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/HND_control_tower.jpg/330px-HND_control_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/HND_control_tower.jpg/440px-HND_control_tower.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Tour de contrôle de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_Haneda_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aéroport international Haneda de Tokyo">aéroport international Haneda de Tokyo</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Tokyo dispose de deux aéroports internationaux, tout comme de nombreuses grandes métropoles dans le monde, avec <span class="nowrap">117,7 millions</span> de voyageurs en 2017, faisant de Tokyo le troisième carrefour aérien au monde par la fréquentation, après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York">New York</a>.</p> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_Haneda_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aéroport international Haneda de Tokyo">aéroport international Haneda de Tokyo</a>, le premier à avoir été construit, l'est en partie sur un terre-plein gagné sur la mer (mais pas complètement, à la différence de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_du_Kansai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéroport international du Kansai">aéroport international du Kansai</a>). Une des quatre pistes est même en partie construite sur pilotis en mer. L'augmentation du trafic, entraînant des nuisances sonores, ainsi qu'un problème de capacité d'accueil à long terme, a poussé le gouvernement japonais à ouvrir un autre aéroport beaucoup plus loin du centre de la capitale (afin d'anticiper la croissance hypothétique de la ville).</p> <p>Après de multiples heurts (les expropriations nécessaires à la construction de l'aéroport ont été sujettes à controverses), l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_de_Narita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéroport international de Narita">aéroport international de Narita</a> a été enfin mis en service, ayant pour vocation d'être la plateforme principale du Japon pour les vols internationaux, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_de_Tokyo-Haneda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéroport international de Tokyo-Haneda">Haneda</a> est destiné jusqu'en octobre 2010 aux vols intérieurs (et à de rares vols internationaux, comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9oul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Séoul">Séoul</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanghai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>).</p> <p>Le trafic en nombre de passagers transportés de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_de_Tokyo-Haneda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéroport international de Tokyo-Haneda">aéroport international de Tokyo-Haneda</a> (<span class="nowrap">76,4 millions</span> de passagers en 2017) est bien supérieur à celui de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_de_Narita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéroport international de Narita">Narita</a> (<span class="nowrap">40,6 millions</span> en 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>59<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cela est dû au fait que le réseau interne japonais est très dense, en raison des nombreuses contraintes naturelles qui ne facilitent pas les déplacements (par la route ou par train).</p> <p>Le Japon est d'ailleurs connu pour être un des seuls pays où sont utilisés des avions dans des configurations pouvant accueillir environ 500 passagers (de type <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boeing_747?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> et Boeing 777) pour des liaisons internes (notamment des lignes comme Tokyo – <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osaka?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Tokyo – <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sapporo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a> ou Tokyo – <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naha">Naha</a>).</p> <p>L'agglomération est aussi desservie par l'aéroport de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dfu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chōfu">Chōfu</a> dans l'ouest (vols vers les îles de la préfecture de Tokyo&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Izu_%C5%8Cshima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Izu Ōshima">Izu Ōshima</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niijima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Niijima">Niijima</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C5%8Dzushima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōzushima">Kōzushima</a>) ainsi que, depuis mars 2010, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_d%27Ibaraki?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéroport d'Ibaraki">aéroport d'Ibaraki</a> au nord-est.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Transport_ferroviaire">Transport ferroviaire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Transport ferroviaire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Le chemin de fer reste le mode de transport le moins coûteux, le plus fiable et le plus rapide pour les migrations pendulaires. À Tokyo, la proportion de personnes se rendant au centre, au cours de la semaine, par voie ferroviaire (chemin de fer de banlieue ou métro), atteint 86&nbsp;%, contre 65&nbsp;% à Londres, 61&nbsp;% à New York et 58&nbsp;% à Paris en 2003<sup id="cite_ref-nat_77-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nat-77"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Métro"><span id="M.C3.A9tro"></span>Métro</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Métro" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Toei-subway12-600.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Toei-subway12-600.jpg/220px-Toei-subway12-600.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Toei-subway12-600.jpg/220px-Toei-subway12-600.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Toei-subway12-600.jpg/330px-Toei-subway12-600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Toei-subway12-600.jpg/440px-Toei-subway12-600.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Ligne Ōedo du métro de Tokyo. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo-Metro-Series13000-13111.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tokyo-Metro-Series13000-13111.jpg/220px-Tokyo-Metro-Series13000-13111.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3829" data-file-height="2553"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tokyo-Metro-Series13000-13111.jpg/220px-Tokyo-Metro-Series13000-13111.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tokyo-Metro-Series13000-13111.jpg/330px-Tokyo-Metro-Series13000-13111.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tokyo-Metro-Series13000-13111.jpg/440px-Tokyo-Metro-Series13000-13111.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Ligne Hibiya du métro de Tokyo. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9tro_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Métro de Tokyo">Métro de Tokyo</a>. </div> </div> <p>Le réseau métropolitain de Tokyo est exploité par deux grandes sociétés (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo_Metro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokyo Metro">Tokyo Metro</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bureau_des_Transports_de_la_M%C3%A9tropole_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bureau des Transports de la Métropole de Tokyo">Toei</a>) gérant en tout treize lignes qui totalisent 307&nbsp;kilomètres pour environ <span class="nowrap">290 stations</span>. Chaque année, près de trois milliards de personnes empruntent le métro à Tokyo, ce qui en fait un élément indispensable du transport à l'intérieur de l'agglomération. En effet, le réseau souterrain et aérien réduit considérablement le trafic routier et la pollution automobile est de ce fait relativement faible par rapport à d'autres grandes métropoles. Généralement cité pour sa fréquentation hors-normes à la limite de la saturation (surtout aux heures de pointe), il est facilement mis en avant pour décrire la surpopulation de la ville. Même si, dans certaines stations, des «&nbsp;pousseurs&nbsp;» postés sur les quais compressent les usagers à l'intérieur de la rame pour permettre la fermeture des portes, le métro de Tokyo reste très efficace et sophistiqué. Le taux de délinquance y est très faible comme partout ailleurs dans la ville, et les stations ainsi que les rames sont fort propres et entretenues très régulièrement.</p> <p>Indépendamment de ces lignes principales, on trouve aussi d'autres lignes telles que le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Transit_Yurikamome?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Transit Yurikamome">Yurikamome</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nippori-Toneri_Liner?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nippori-Toneri Liner">Nippori-Toneri Liner</a>. A l'ouest de la préfecture de Tokyo, on trouve également la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Seibu_Yamaguchi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Seibu Yamaguchi">Ligne Yamaguchi</a> de la compagnie privée <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seibu_Railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seibu Railway">Seibu</a>. Ces trois dernières lignes ne font pas partie à proprement parler du métro de Tokyo.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Train">Train</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Train" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles connexes&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare de Tokyo">Gare de Tokyo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_de_Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare de Shinjuku">Gare de Shinjuku</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_de_Shibuya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare de Shibuya">Gare de Shibuya</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_d%27Ikebukuro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare d'Ikebukuro">Gare d'Ikebukuro</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_d%27Akihabara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare d'Akihabara">Gare d'Akihabara</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_d%27Ueno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare d'Ueno">Gare d'Ueno</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_de_Shinagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare de Shinagawa">Gare de Shinagawa</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_(36).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg/220px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg/220px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg/330px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg/440px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%A7%85_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Shinkansen en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare de Tokyo">gare de Tokyo</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Series-E235-0_9.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Series-E235-0_9.jpg/220px-Series-E235-0_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5296" data-file-height="3530"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Series-E235-0_9.jpg/220px-Series-E235-0_9.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Series-E235-0_9.jpg/330px-Series-E235-0_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Series-E235-0_9.jpg/440px-Series-E235-0_9.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Train de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JR_East_s%C3%A9rie_E235?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JR East série E235">série E235</a> sur la ligne Yamanote. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Series-E353-S116.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Series-E353-S116.jpg/220px-Series-E353-S116.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Series-E353-S116.jpg/220px-Series-E353-S116.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Series-E353-S116.jpg/330px-Series-E353-S116.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Series-E353-S116.jpg/440px-Series-E353-S116.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Train de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JR_East_s%C3%A9rie_E353?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JR East série E353">série E353</a> sur le service Azusa. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Keio_5734_Extra_Semi_Express_20190202.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Keio_5734_Extra_Semi_Express_20190202.jpg/220px-Keio_5734_Extra_Semi_Express_20190202.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="770"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Keio_5734_Extra_Semi_Express_20190202.jpg/220px-Keio_5734_Extra_Semi_Express_20190202.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Keio_5734_Extra_Semi_Express_20190202.jpg/330px-Keio_5734_Extra_Semi_Express_20190202.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Keio_5734_Extra_Semi_Express_20190202.jpg/440px-Keio_5734_Extra_Semi_Express_20190202.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Train de la série 5000 de la compagnie privée Keiō. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Bien que la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare de Tokyo">gare de Tokyo</a> soit la gare interurbaine principale de Tokyo et celle accueillant tous les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinkansen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinkansen">Shinkansen</a>, la station la plus grande est celle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_de_Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare de Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>. Cette dernière est la plus fréquentée du monde. Les gares de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_de_Shibuya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare de Shibuya">Shibuya</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_d%27Ikebukuro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare d'Ikebukuro">Ikebukuro</a> sont elles aussi plus fréquentées que la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare de Tokyo">gare de Tokyo</a>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_d%27Akihabara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare d'Akihabara">Akihabara</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_d%27Ueno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare d'Ueno">Ueno</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gare_de_Shinagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gare de Shinagawa">Shinagawa</a> constituent également des plaques importantes dans le réseau ferroviaire de Tokyo.</p> <p>Comme dans les autres grandes villes du pays, les distributeurs automatiques sont incontournables et peuvent délivrer les billets à l'unité et les cartes pour passages multiples.</p> <p>La desserte de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_de_Narita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéroport international de Narita">aéroport international de Narita</a> (situé dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Chiba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Chiba">préfecture de Chiba</a>) est assurée par des services spécialisés&nbsp;: le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Narita_Express?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Narita Express">Narita Express</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skyliner?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skyliner">Skyliner</a>.</p> <p>La ligne circulaire appelée <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Yamanote?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Yamanote">Yamanote</a> délimite officieusement le cœur même de Tokyo.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Lignes_de_train_à_grande_vitesse_(Shinkansen)"><span id="Lignes_de_train_.C3.A0_grande_vitesse_.28Shinkansen.29"></span>Lignes de train à grande vitesse (Shinkansen)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Lignes de train à grande vitesse (Shinkansen)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Japan_Railway_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Japan Railway Company">JR East</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Shinkansen_T%C5%8Dhoku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Shinkansen Tōhoku">ligne Shinkansen Tōhoku</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Shinkansen_J%C5%8Detsu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Shinkansen Jōetsu">ligne Shinkansen Jōetsu</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Shinkansen_Hokuriku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Shinkansen Hokuriku">ligne Shinkansen Hokuriku</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Japan_Railway_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central Japan Railway Company">JR Central</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Shinkansen_T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Shinkansen Tōkaidō">ligne Shinkansen Tōkaidō</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Shinkansen_Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Shinkansen Chūō">ligne Shinkansen Chūō</a> (en construction)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Lignes_desservant_le_cœur_de_Tokyo_(intérieur_de_la_ligne_Yamanote)"><span id="Lignes_desservant_le_c.C5.93ur_de_Tokyo_.28int.C3.A9rieur_de_la_ligne_Yamanote.29"></span>Lignes desservant le cœur de Tokyo (intérieur de la ligne Yamanote)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Lignes desservant le cœur de Tokyo (intérieur de la ligne Yamanote)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Japan_Railway_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Japan Railway Company">JR East</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Chūō">ligne Chūō</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D-S%C5%8Dbu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Chūō-Sōbu">ligne Chūō-Sōbu</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_J%C5%8Dban?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Jōban">ligne Jōban</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Keihin-T%C5%8Dhoku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keihin-Tōhoku">ligne Keihin-Tōhoku</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Keiy%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keiyō">ligne Keiyō</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Saiky%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Saikyō">ligne Saikyō</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Sh%C5%8Dnan-Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Shōnan-Shinjuku">ligne Shōnan-Shinjuku</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_S%C5%8Dbu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Sōbu">ligne Sōbu</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Takasaki?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Takasaki">ligne Takasaki</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Utsunomiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Utsunomiya">ligne Utsunomiya</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_principale_T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne principale Tōkaidō">ligne Tōkaidō</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Yamanote?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Yamanote">ligne Yamanote</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Yokosuka?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Yokosuka">ligne Yokosuka</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kei%C5%8D_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keiō Corporation">Keiō</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Kei%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keiō">ligne Keiō</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_nouvelle_Kei%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne nouvelle Keiō">ligne nouvelle Keiō</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Kei%C5%8D_Inokashira?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keiō Inokashira">ligne Inokashira</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keiky%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keikyū">Keikyū</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_principale_Keiky%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne principale Keikyū">ligne principale Keikyū</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keisei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keisei">Keisei</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_principale_Keisei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne principale Keisei">ligne principale Keisei</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odaky%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odakyū">Odakyū</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Odaky%C5%AB_Odawara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Odakyū Odawara">ligne Odawara</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seibu_Railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seibu Railway">Seibu</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Seibu_Ikebukuro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Seibu Ikebukuro">ligne Ikebukuro</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Seibu_Shinjuku?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Seibu Shinjuku">ligne Shinjuku</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C5%8Dbu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tōbu">Tōbu</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dbu_T%C5%8Dj%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōbu Tōjō">ligne Tōjō</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C5%8Dky%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōkyū">Tōkyū</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_T%C5%8Dyoko?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōkyū Tōyoko">ligne Tōyoko</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_Meguro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōkyū Meguro">ligne Meguro</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_Den-en-toshi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōkyū Den-en-toshi">ligne Den-en-toshi</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_Ikegami?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōkyū Ikegami">ligne Ikegami</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsukuba_Express?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsukuba Express">Tsukuba Express</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Rinkai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Rinkai">Ligne Rinkai</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Autres_lignes_à_l'intérieur_des_23_arrondissements"><span id="Autres_lignes_.C3.A0_l.27int.C3.A9rieur_des_23_arrondissements"></span>Autres lignes à l'intérieur des 23 arrondissements</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Autres lignes à l'intérieur des 23 arrondissements" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keiky%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keikyū">Keikyū</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Keiky%C5%AB_A%C3%A9roport?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keikyū Aéroport">ligne Aéroport</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keisei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keisei">Keisei</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Keisei_Kanamachi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keisei Kanamachi">ligne Kanamachi</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Keisei_Oshiage?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keisei Oshiage">ligne Oshiage</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seibu_Railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seibu Railway">Seibu</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Seibu_Y%C5%ABrakuch%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Seibu Yūrakuchō">ligne Yūrakuchō</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Seibu_Toshima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Seibu Toshima">ligne Toshima</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C5%8Dbu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tōbu">Tōbu</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dbu_Isesaki?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōbu Isesaki">ligne Isesaki</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dbu_Kameido?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōbu Kameido">ligne Kameido</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dbu_Daishi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōbu Daishi">ligne Daishi</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C5%8Dky%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōkyū">Tōkyū</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_%C5%8Cimachi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōkyū Ōimachi">ligne Ōimachi</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_Tamagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōkyū Tamagawa">ligne Tamagawa</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Saitama_Railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Saitama Railway">Ligne Saitama Railway</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Autres_lignes_à_l'intérieur_de_la_préfecture_de_Tokyo_(zone_Tama)"><span id="Autres_lignes_.C3.A0_l.27int.C3.A9rieur_de_la_pr.C3.A9fecture_de_Tokyo_.28zone_Tama.29"></span>Autres lignes à l'intérieur de la préfecture de Tokyo (zone Tama)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Autres lignes à l'intérieur de la préfecture de Tokyo (zone Tama)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zone_Tama&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Zone Tama (page inexistante)">zone Tama</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Tokyo" class="extiw" title="en:Western Tokyo"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Western Tokyo&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a>, à l'intérieur de la préfecture de Tokyo, inclut d'autres lignes.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Japan_Railway_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Japan Railway Company">JR East</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Hachik%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Hachikō">ligne Hachikō</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Itsukaichi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Itsukaichi">ligne Itsukaichi</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Musashino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Musashino">ligne Musashino</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Nambu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Nambu">ligne Nambu</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_%C5%8Cme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Ōme">ligne Ōme</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Yokohama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Yokohama">ligne Yokohama</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kei%C5%8D_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keiō Corporation">Keiō</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Kei%C5%8D_Sagamihara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keiō Sagamihara">ligne Sagamihara</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Kei%C5%8D_Keibaj%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keiō Keibajō">ligne Keibajō</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Kei%C5%8D_D%C5%8Dbutsuen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keiō Dōbutsuen">ligne Dōbutsuen</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Kei%C5%8D_Takao?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Keiō Takao">ligne Takao</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odaky%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odakyū">Odakyū</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Odaky%C5%AB_Tama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Odakyū Tama">ligne Tama</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seibu_Railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seibu Railway">Seibu</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Seibu-en?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Seibu-en">ligne Seibu-en</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Seibu_Haijima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Seibu Haijima">ligne Haijima</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Seibu_Tamako?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Seibu Tamako">ligne Tamako</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Seibu_Kokubunji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Seibu Kokubunji">ligne Kokubunji</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_Seibu_Tamagawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Seibu Tamagawa">ligne Tamagawa</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Monorail">Monorail</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Monorail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB10000%E5%BD%A2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB10000%E5%BD%A2.jpg/220px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB10000%E5%BD%A2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB10000%E5%BD%A2.jpg/220px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB10000%E5%BD%A2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB10000%E5%BD%A2.jpg/330px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB10000%E5%BD%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB10000%E5%BD%A2.jpg/440px-%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB10000%E5%BD%A2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Monorail de Tokyo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monorail_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monorail de Tokyo">monorail de Tokyo</a> ou Haneda Monorail relie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamamatsuch%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamamatsuchō">Hamamatsuchō</a> dans le centre de Tokyo à l'aéroport de Haneda. Long d'environ <span class="nowrap">18 kilomètres</span>, le trajet compte une dizaine de stations et dure quinze minutes. C'est la ligne de monorail la plus fréquentée du Japon et peut-être du monde<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence ; voir l'aide.">[réf.&nbsp;nécessaire]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La compagnie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bureau_des_Transports_de_la_M%C3%A9tropole_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bureau des Transports de la Métropole de Tokyo">Toei</a> exploite le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monorail_du_zoo_d%27Ueno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monorail du zoo d'Ueno">Monorail du zoo d'Ueno</a>.</p> <p>À l'ouest de la préfecture de Tokyo, on trouve également le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monorail_Tama_Toshi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monorail Tama Toshi">Monorail Tama Toshi</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Tramway">Tramway</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Tramway" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La compagnie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bureau_des_Transports_de_la_M%C3%A9tropole_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bureau des Transports de la Métropole de Tokyo">Toei</a> exploite la ligne <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toden_Arakawa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toden Arakawa">Toden Arakawa</a> tandis que la compagnie <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C5%8Dky%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōkyū">Tōkyū</a> exploite la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligne_T%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_Setagaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligne Tōkyū Setagaya">Ligne Setagaya</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Tourisme">Tourisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Tourisme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-modere"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Circle-icons-clipboard.svg/17px-Circle-icons-clipboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Circle-icons-clipboard.svg/17px-Circle-icons-clipboard.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Circle-icons-clipboard.svg/26px-Circle-icons-clipboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Circle-icons-clipboard.svg/34px-Circle-icons-clipboard.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section contient une ou plusieurs <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Liste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Liste">listes</a>. Le texte gagnerait à être rédigé sous la forme de paragraphes synthétiques. Les listes peuvent demeurer si elles sont introduites par une partie rédigée et sourcée, de façon à bien resituer les différents éléments<small>&nbsp; (novembre 2016)</small>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo_Tower_and_around_Skyscrapers.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tokyo_Tower_and_around_Skyscrapers.jpg/220px-Tokyo_Tower_and_around_Skyscrapers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1085"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 186px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tokyo_Tower_and_around_Skyscrapers.jpg/220px-Tokyo_Tower_and_around_Skyscrapers.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="186" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tokyo_Tower_and_around_Skyscrapers.jpg/330px-Tokyo_Tower_and_around_Skyscrapers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Tokyo_Tower_and_around_Skyscrapers.jpg/440px-Tokyo_Tower_and_around_Skyscrapers.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tour_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tour de Tokyo">Tour de Tokyo</a> (333&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>), plus haute que la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tour_Eiffel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tour Eiffel">tour Eiffel</a> (324&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>). </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Tokyo_Shibuya_Scramble_Crossing_2018-10-09.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tokyo_Shibuya_Scramble_Crossing_2018-10-09.jpg/220px-Tokyo_Shibuya_Scramble_Crossing_2018-10-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5853" data-file-height="3902"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tokyo_Shibuya_Scramble_Crossing_2018-10-09.jpg/220px-Tokyo_Shibuya_Scramble_Crossing_2018-10-09.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tokyo_Shibuya_Scramble_Crossing_2018-10-09.jpg/330px-Tokyo_Shibuya_Scramble_Crossing_2018-10-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tokyo_Shibuya_Scramble_Crossing_2018-10-09.jpg/440px-Tokyo_Shibuya_Scramble_Crossing_2018-10-09.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Le quartier toujours bondé de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shibuya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Temples_et_sanctuaires">Temples et sanctuaires</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Temples et sanctuaires" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanctuaire_shinto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanctuaire shinto">sanctuaires</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meiji-jing%C5%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meiji-jingū">Meiji</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yasukuni-jinja?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yasukuni-jinja">Yasukuni</a></li> <li>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temples_bouddhistes_au_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temples bouddhistes au Japon">temple bouddhique</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sens%C5%8D-ji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sensō-ji">Sensō</a>, dans le quartier d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asakusa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asakusa">Asakusa</a></li> <li>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Sainte-Marie_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale Sainte-Marie de Tokyo">cathédrale Sainte-Marie de Tokyo</a>, dans le quartier de Sekiguchi</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tours_et_bâtiments_notables"><span id="Tours_et_b.C3.A2timents_notables"></span>Tours et bâtiments notables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Tours et bâtiments notables" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kabuki-za?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kabuki-za">Kabuki-za</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palais_imp%C3%A9rial_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palais impérial de Tokyo">Kōkyo</a>, le Palais impérial</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_du_gouvernement_m%C3%A9tropolitain_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siège du gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo">Siège du gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roppongi_Hills_Mori_Tower?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roppongi Hills Mori Tower">Roppongi Hills Mori Tower</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stade_national_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stade national (Japon)">Stade national</a> (remplaçant l'ancien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stade_olympique_national_(1958)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stade olympique national (1958)">stade olympique national</a>, aujourd'hui détruit)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_60?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine 60">Sunshine 60</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Gymnasium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium">Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium</a> par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fumihiko_Maki?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fumihiko Maki">Fumihiko Maki</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tour_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tour de Tokyo">Tour de Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo_Skytree?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokyo Skytree">Tokyo Skytree</a>, tour de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radiodiffusion?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radiodiffusion">radiodiffusion</a> de 634&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> de hauteur, achevée en 2012.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nakagin_Capsule_Tower?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nakagin Capsule Tower">Nakagin Capsule Tower</a>, démoli en 2022</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Musées"><span id="Mus.C3.A9es"></span>Musées</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=45&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Musées" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée national de Tokyo">Musée national de Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_de_la_nature_et_des_sciences_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée national de la nature et des sciences de Tokyo">Musée national de la Nature et des Sciences de Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_d%27Art_moderne_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée national d'Art moderne de Tokyo">Musée d'Art moderne de Tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Imprimerie_(Tokyo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée de l'Imprimerie (Tokyo)">Musée de l'imprimerie</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_de_l%27Art_occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée national de l'Art occidental">Musée national de l'Art occidental</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Parcs">Parcs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=46&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Parcs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_d%27Ueno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parc d'Ueno">Parc d'Ueno</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parc_Yoyogi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc Yoyogi">Parc Yoyogi</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjuku_Gyoen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinjuku Gyoen">Shinjuku Gyoen</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Autres">Autres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=47&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Autres" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/March%C3%A9_aux_poissons_de_Tsukiji?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marché aux poissons de Tsukiji">marché aux poissons de Tsukiji</a>, fermé et remplacé en 2018 par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/March%C3%A9_aux_poissons_de_Toyosu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marché aux poissons de Toyosu">celui de Toyosu</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omotesand%C5%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omotesandō">Omotesandō</a> Dori&nbsp;: avenue de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shibuya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a> surnommée <span class="citation">«&nbsp;les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avenue_des_Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avenue des Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a> de Tokyo&nbsp;»</span>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Arts_et_culture">Arts et culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=48&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Arts et culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bande_dessinée"><span id="Bande_dessin.C3.A9e"></span>Bande dessinée</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=49&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bande dessinée" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Voir la catégorie&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Bande_dessin%C3%A9e_se_d%C3%A9roulant_%C3%A0_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Bande dessinée se déroulant à Tokyo">Bande dessinée se déroulant à Tokyo</a>. </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Tokyo">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue&nbsp;! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire&nbsp;?</a> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cinéma"><span id="Cin.C3.A9ma"></span>Cinéma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=50&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Cinéma" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Voir les catégories&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Film_se_d%C3%A9roulant_%C3%A0_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Film se déroulant à Tokyo">Film se déroulant à Tokyo</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Film_tourn%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Film tourné à Tokyo">Film tourné à Tokyo</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Film_tourn%C3%A9_dans_la_pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Film tourné dans la préfecture de Tokyo">Film tourné dans la préfecture de Tokyo</a>. </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Tokyo">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue&nbsp;! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire&nbsp;?</a> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Jeu_vidéo"><span id="Jeu_vid.C3.A9o"></span>Jeu vidéo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=51&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jeu vidéo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Voir la catégorie&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Jeu_vid%C3%A9o_se_d%C3%A9roulant_%C3%A0_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Jeu vidéo se déroulant à Tokyo">Jeu vidéo se déroulant à Tokyo</a>. </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Tokyo">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue&nbsp;! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire&nbsp;?</a> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Musique">Musique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=52&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Musique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Voir la catégorie&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Musique_%C3%A0_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Musique à Tokyo">Musique à Tokyo</a>. </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Tokyo">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue&nbsp;! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire&nbsp;?</a> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=53&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Tokyo">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue&nbsp;! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire&nbsp;?</a> </div> </div> <p>À cause de la pandémie de Covid-19, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_2020?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeux olympiques d'été de 2020">Jeux olympiques de Tokyo</a> ont été reportés à l'été 2021.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Jumelages_et_partenariats">Jumelages et partenariats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=54&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jumelages et partenariats" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <p>Les villes ou provinces jumelées<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-sisters_cities_80-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sisters_cities-80"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des États-Unis"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau des États-Unis" data-width="20" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York">New York</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1960-02-29" data-sort-value="1960-02-29">29 février 1960</time>&nbsp;;</li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la République populaire de Chine"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de la République populaire de Chine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de la République populaire de Chine" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9kin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pékin">Pékin</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chine">Chine</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1979-03-14" data-sort-value="1979-03-14">14 mars 1979</time>&nbsp;;</li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la France"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de la France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de la France" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1982-07-14" data-sort-value="1982-07-14">14 juillet 1982</time> - partenariat&nbsp;;</li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Australia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Australie"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de l'Australie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de l'Australie" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouvelle-Galles_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australie">Australie</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1984-05-09" data-sort-value="1984-05-09">9 mai 1984</time>&nbsp;;</li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Corée du Sud"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de la Corée du Sud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de la Corée du Sud" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9oul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Séoul">Séoul</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corée du Sud">Corée du Sud</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1988-09-03" data-sort-value="1988-09-03">3 septembre 1988</time>&nbsp;;</li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Indonésie"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de l'Indonésie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de l'Indonésie" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jakarta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonésie">Indonésie</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1989-10-23" data-sort-value="1989-10-23">23 octobre 1989</time>&nbsp;;</li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Brazil.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Brésil"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau du Brésil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau du Brésil" data-width="20" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État de São Paulo">État de São Paulo</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Br%C3%A9sil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brésil">Brésil</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1990-06-13" data-sort-value="1990-06-13">13 juin 1990</time>&nbsp;;</li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Egypt.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Égypte"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de l'Égypte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/20px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/20px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de l'Égypte" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/40px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Caire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Caire">Le Caire</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte">Égypte</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1990-10-23" data-sort-value="1990-10-23">23 octobre 1990</time>&nbsp;;</li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de la Russie" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moscou?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moscou">Moscou</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russie">Russie</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1991-07-16" data-sort-value="1991-07-16">16 juillet 1991</time>&nbsp;;</li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Germany.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Allemagne"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de l'Allemagne" data-width="20" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allemagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1994-05-14" data-sort-value="1994-05-14">14 mai 1994</time>&nbsp;;</li> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Italy.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Italie"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau de l'Italie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau de l'Italie" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rome">Rome</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italie">Italie</a>)&nbsp;depuis le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1996-07-05" data-sort-value="1996-07-05">5 juillet 1996</time> - partenariat.</li> </ul> <p>Contrats économiques et culturels<sup id="cite_ref-sisters_cities_80-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sisters_cities-80"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li><span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni"> <noscript> <img alt="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" data-alt="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni" data-width="20" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Londres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Londres">Londres</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a>).</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=55&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Notes_lexicales_bilingues">Notes lexicales bilingues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=56&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes lexicales bilingues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;Yamanote&nbsp;» <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">山の手</span><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire"><abbr class="abbr" title="littéralement">litt.</abbr> «&nbsp;main de la montagne&nbsp;» et qui signifie «&nbsp;côté montagne&nbsp;» ou «&nbsp;ville haute&nbsp;»</span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Shitamachi <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">下町</span><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire"><abbr class="abbr" title="littéralement">litt.</abbr> «&nbsp;ville basse&nbsp;»</span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;Une Métropole, Trois Préfectures&nbsp;» <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">一都 三県</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Itto Sanken</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;Grande Aire métropolitaine du Kantō&nbsp;» <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">関東大都市圏</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Kantō Dai-toshi-ken</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;Aires kilométriques de Tokyo&nbsp;» <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">東京キロ圏</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">Tōkyō kiro-ken</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Aire des 70 km de Tokyo <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">東京70キロ圏</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">Tōkyō 70-kiro-ken</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Aire des 50 km de Tokyo <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">東京50キロ圏</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">Tōkyō 50-kiro-ken</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;Aire métropolitaine majeure de Tokyo&nbsp;» <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">東京大都市圏</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">Tōkyō Dai-toshi-ken</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;Grande Zone d'emploi métropolitaine de Tokyo&nbsp;» <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">東京大都市雇用圏</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">Tōkyō Dai-toshi Koyō-ken</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;Région capitale nationale&nbsp;» <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">首都 圏</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Shuto-ken</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fecture_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfecture de Tokyo">Préfecture de Tokyo</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">東京府</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">Tōkyō-fu</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ville_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ville de Tokyo">Ville de Tokyo</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">東京市</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">Tōkyō-shi</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gouverneur_(Japon)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gouverneur (Japon)">Gouverneur</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">知事</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Chiji</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>, <span title="Information complémentaire">parfois appelé par abus de langage «&nbsp;maire de Tokyo&nbsp;», du fait qu'il en exerce en quelque sorte les fonctions pour l'ancienne <i>ville de Tokyo</i> constituée aujourd'hui des 23 arrondissements</span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assemblée métropolitaine de Tokyo">Assemblée métropolitaine</a> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">都 議会</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97">Togikai</i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Tama New Town</i> <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">多摩ニュータウン</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Tama Nyūtaun</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">loi pour un développement multipolaire du Territoire national <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">多極分散型国土形成促進法</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Takyoku busankei kokudo gyōseisokushin-hō</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;Cités noyaux d'affaires&nbsp;» <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">業務核都市</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Gyōmu Kakutoshi</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Plan directeur général <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">業務核都市基本方針</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Gyōmu Kakutoshi kihon hōshin</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;installations d'affaires&nbsp;» <span style="font-weight: normal">(<span title="Japonais" class="lang-ja" lang="ja">業務 施設</span>, <i title="Transcription Hepburn" class="lang-ja-Latn-alalc97" lang="ja-Latn-alalc97"><i>Gyōmu Shisetsu</i></i><span class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color:#00e;font:bold 80% sans-serif;text-decoration:none;padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Japonais">?</a></sup></span></span>)</span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=57&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="reference-cadre" tabindex="0"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gouvernement_métropolitain_de_Tokyo2020"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : japonais">(ja)</abbr> Gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.vn/phI7A"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ja">東京都の人口</cite></a>&nbsp;» [«&nbsp;Population de Tokyo&nbsp;»], page web archivée sur <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archive.today?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archive.today">Archive.today</a></i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-12-25" data-sort-value="2020-12-25">25 décembre 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-01-23" data-sort-value="2021-01-23">23 janvier 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gouvernement_métropolitain_de_Tokyo2020"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : japonais">(ja)</abbr> Gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.vn/phI7A"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ja">東京都の人口</cite></a>&nbsp;» [«&nbsp;Population de Tokyo&nbsp;»], page web archivée sur <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archive.today?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archive.today">Archive.today</a></i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-12-25" data-sort-value="2020-12-25">25 décembre 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-01-23" data-sort-value="2021-01-23">23 janvier 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Principales agglomérations mondiales</cite></a>&nbsp;», citypopulation.de <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-07-19" data-sort-value="2023-07-19">19 juillet 2023</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Parilla,_Jesus_Leal_Trujillo,_Alan_Berube,_Tao_Ran"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph_Parilla,_Jesus_Leal_Trujillo,_Alan_Berube,_Tao_Ran"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Joseph Parilla, Jesus Leal Trujillo, Alan Berube, Tao Ran, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports2/2015/01/22-global-metro-monitor"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">2014 Global Metro Monitor Map</cite></a>&nbsp;», Brookings Institution <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-04-18" data-sort-value="2020-04-18">18 avril 2020</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Guillou2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Clément_Guillou2020">Clément Guillou, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">JO de Tokyo&nbsp;: comment le report s’est imposé&nbsp;?</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Le Monde</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-03-24" data-sort-value="2020-03-24">24 mars 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.lemonde.fr/sport/article/2020/03/24/jo-de-tokyo-comment-le-report-s-est-impose_6034196_3242.html">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-04-18" data-sort-value="2020-04-18">18 avril 2020</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=JO+de+Tokyo+%3A+comment+le+report+s%E2%80%99est+impos%C3%A9+%3F&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&amp;rft.aulast=Guillou&amp;rft.aufirst=Cl%C3%A9ment&amp;rft.date=2020-03-24&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATokyo"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/ius2/gpci2/index.shtml"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Global Power City Index 2021</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">The Mori Memorial Foundation</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-02-10" data-sort-value="2022-02-10">10 février 2022</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.kearney.com/global-cities/2021"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Read @Kearney: Global Cities: divergent prospects and new imperatives in the global recovery</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">www.kearney.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-02-10" data-sort-value="2022-02-10">10 février 2022</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prononciation_du_fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prononciation du français">Prononciation</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais_standard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Français standard">français standard</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transcription_phon%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transcription phonétique">retranscrite</a> phonémiquement selon la norme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphabet phonétique international">API</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prononciation_du_japonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prononciation du japonais">Prononciation</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonais_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Japonais (langue)">japonais</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transcription_phon%C3%A9tique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transcription phonétique">retranscrite</a> selon la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphabet phonétique international">norme API</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013211906/http://www.cnig.gouv.fr/upload/ressource/r1169737466.PDF"><cite style="font-style:normal;">CNTPCM tableaux</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">web.archive.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-02-22" data-sort-value="2022-02-22">22 février 2022</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://publications.europa.eu/code/fr/fr-5000500.htm">Office des publications — Code de rédaction interinstitutionnel — Annexe A5 — Liste des États</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/index.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Tokyo Metropolitan Government</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">metro.tokyo.jp</span>, Gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-04-18" data-sort-value="2018-04-18">18 avril 2018</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Par exemple dans le métro de Tokyo <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.tokyometro.jp%252Frosen%252Frosenzu%252Fpdf%252Frosen_fra.pdf%252Findex.html%23federation%3Darchive.wikiwix.com">[1]</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">voir les références de l'article <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macron_(diacritique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macron (diacritique)">macron</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Groupe_d'experts_des_Nations_unies_pour_les_noms_géographiques2020"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groupe_d%27experts_des_Nations_unies_pour_les_noms_g%C3%A9ographiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Groupe d'experts des Nations unies pour les noms géographiques">Groupe d'experts des Nations unies pour les noms géographiques</a>, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.toponymiefrancophone.org/DivFranco/Bougainville/Resultat.aspx?type_recherche%3Dsimplifi%25c3%25a9e%26nom_francais_usuel%3DTokyo%26nom_local_usuel%3D%26classe_de_lentite%3D%26nature_de_lentite%3D%26langue%3D%26ISO_Pays%3D%26ISO_PaysAFF%3D%26gentile%3D%26R1%3DV1"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Tokyo</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">www.toponymiefrancophone.org</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-09" data-sort-value="2020-09">septembre 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-09-05" data-sort-value="2020-09-05">5 septembre 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gouvernement_de_Tokyo"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : japonais">(ja)</abbr> Gouvernement de Tokyo, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/jsuikei/2024/js243a0000.xls"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ja">東京都の人口(推計)</cite></a>&nbsp;» [«&nbsp;Estimation de la population de la métropole de Tokyo&nbsp;»], sur <span class="italique">toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-04-01" data-sort-value="2024-04-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> avril 2024</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.fr/books?id%3DzkkjpWYS8icC%26pg%3DPA59%26lpg%3DPA59%26dq%3DYamanote%2B%2522high%2Bcity%2522%2BChiyoda%2BShinjuku%2BBunkyo%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DtFXqQBtrod%26sig%3DmtKqnIU2ECS1e2ZCu9AwvdbrmNo%26hl%3Dfr%26ei%3DlMTfSdGBHMqNsAbA1tjOCA%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D3%23PPA59,M1">H. WATANABE, <i>The Architecture of Tokyo&nbsp;: An Architectural History in 571 Individual Presentations</i>, éd. Axel Menges, 2001, 3930698935, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;59</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/shop_pickandmix/previews/tokyo-7-neighbourhoods-preview.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);" lang="en">«&nbsp;<i>Neighbourhoods</i>&nbsp;»</cite></a><sup class="plainlinks">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/shop_pickandmix/previews/tokyo-7-neighbourhoods-preview.pdf">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url%3Dhttp://www.lonelyplanet.com/shop_pickandmix/previews/tokyo-7-neighbourhoods-preview.pdf">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.is/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/shop_pickandmix/previews/tokyo-7-neighbourhoods-preview.pdf">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl%3Dfr%26q%3Dcache:http://www.lonelyplanet.com/shop_pickandmix/previews/tokyo-7-neighbourhoods-preview.pdf">Google</a> • <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#J'ai_trouv%C3%A9_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire&nbsp;?</a>)</sup></span> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr></span>, <i>Lonely Planet</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;44.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Donald Richie, <i>Tokyo: A View of the City</i>, Reaktion Books, Londres, 1999, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;23, <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.links.net/vita/trip/japan/tokyo/shitamachi/">lire en ligne</a>]</small></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3N5d4xKg7yQC%26pg%3DPA86%26dq%3DSensoji%26client%3Dfirefox-a%23PPA87,M1">A. NAITŌ, K. HOZUMI, H. M. HORTON, <i>Edo, the city that became Tokyo</i>, éd. Kodansha international, 2003, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;87</a>, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/4770027575?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/4770027575"><span class="nowrap">4770027575</span></a>)</small></span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Japanese Government</i></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/18/37835890.pdf"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>Proposal for International Workshop on Defining and Measuring Metropolitan Regions</i></span></a><abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-11-20" data-sort-value="2006-11-20">20 novembre 2006</time>, en fait la présentation.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : japonais">(ja)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2005/users/kubun.htm">Définition des notions d'aires métropolitaines sur le site du Bureau des Statistiques</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/pdf/t2_10.pdf">«&nbsp;<i>Population of Three Major Metropolitan Areas</i>&nbsp;», Bureau des Statistiques</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219023630/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007_urban_agglomerations_chart.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Urban Agglomerations 2007</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">web.archive.org</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-02-22" data-sort-value="2022-02-22">22 février 2022</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf">Liste des aires urbaines dans le monde sur le site demographia</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_36-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_36-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_36-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_Pons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe Pons">Philippe Pons</a>, Pierre-François Souyri, <i>L'esprit de plaisir — Une histoire de la sexualité et de l'érotisme au Japon (17e-20e siècle)</i>, Payot, 2020, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2228926904?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2228926904"><span class="nowrap">978-2228926904</span></a>)</small>, p. 148-150</span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sansom1963"><span class="ouvrage" id="George_Sansom1963"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> George Sansom, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A History of Japan: 1615-1867</cite>, Stanford University Press, <time>1963</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+1615-1867&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft.aulast=Sansom&amp;rft.aufirst=George&amp;rft.date=1963&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATokyo"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-historyGMT-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-historyGMT_40-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-historyGMT_40-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/english/about/history/history01.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en"><i>History of Tokyo</i></cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">Gouvernement métropolitain de Tokyo</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-06-25" data-sort-value="2020-06-25">25 juin 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vaulerin2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Arnaud_Vaulerin2015">Arnaud Vaulerin, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2015/03/09/la-nuit-ou-les-tokyoites-ont-ete-bouillis-et-cuits-a-mort_1217244"><cite style="font-style:normal;">La nuit où les Tokyoïtes ont été «bouillis et cuits à mort»</cite></a>&nbsp;», <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration_(journal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libération (journal)">Libération</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-03-09" data-sort-value="2015-03-09">9 mars 2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-02-16" data-sort-value="2019-02-16">16 février 2019</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url%3Dhttp://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PROFILE/overview07.htm%23federation%3Darchive.wikiwix.com"><cite style="font-style:normal;">TMG and the Municipalities - Tokyo Metropolitan Government</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">archive.wikiwix.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-02-22" data-sort-value="2022-02-22">22 février 2022</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url%3Dhttp://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PROFILE/overview06.htm%23federation%3Darchive.wikiwix.com"><cite style="font-style:normal;">TMG and the 23 Special Wards - Tokyo Metropolitan Government</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">archive.wikiwix.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-02-22" data-sort-value="2022-02-22">22 février 2022</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PHOTO/2009/090604.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">«&nbsp;<i>Three Vice Governor System Starts</i>&nbsp;»</cite></a><sup class="plainlinks">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PHOTO/2009/090604.htm">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url%3Dhttp://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PHOTO/2009/090604.htm">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.is/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PHOTO/2009/090604.htm">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl%3Dfr%26q%3Dcache:http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PHOTO/2009/090604.htm">Google</a> • <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#J'ai_trouv%C3%A9_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire&nbsp;?</a>)</sup></span></span>, galerie photographique du site de la métropole de Tokyo.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.rfi.fr/asie-pacifique/20160731-japon-yuriko-koike-premiere-femme-elue-gouverneur-tokyo">«&nbsp;Japon&nbsp;: Yuriko Koike, première femme élue gouverneur de Tokyo&nbsp;»</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_France_internationale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio France internationale">RFI</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-07-31" data-sort-value="2016-07-31">31 juillet 2016</time>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kunikida-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kunikida_48-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kunikida_48-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tatsuya2017"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kunikida_Tatsuya2017">Kunikida Tatsuya, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nippon.com/fr/currents/d00306/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Les ambitions politiques de Koike Yuriko, première femme à la tête de Tokyo</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">Nippon.com</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-04-20" data-sort-value="2017-04-20">20 avril 2017</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-05-17" data-sort-value="2017-05-17">17 mai 2017</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no%3D44%26prec_ch%3D%2593%258C%258B%259E%2593s%26block_no%3D47662%26block_ch%3D%2593%258C%258B%259E%26year%3D%26month%3D%26day%3D%26elm%3Dnormal%26view%3D"><i>東京 平年値(年・月ごとの値)主な要素</i></a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agence_m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique_du_Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agence météorologique du Japon">Agence météorologique du Japon</a></i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Richard. A. Kerr, <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sicarius.wr.usgs.gov/tokyo/slides/KerrScience2007.pdf"><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><i>The Earthquake that will eat Tokyo</i></span></a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Science_(revue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Science (revue)">Science</a></i> 315, 37b (2007).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hadfield_(journaliste)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Peter Hadfield (journaliste) (page inexistante)">Peter Hadfield</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hadfield_(journalist)" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Hadfield (journalist)"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Peter Hadfield (journalist)&nbsp;»">(en)</span></a>, <i>Tokyo séisme</i> (<abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> sixty seconds that will shake the World), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autrement?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autrement">éditions Autrement</a>, 1991.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Natacha Aveline, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://geoconfluences.ens-lyon.fr/doc/typespace/urb1/MetropScient3.htm">«&nbsp;Tôkyô, métropole japonaise en mouvement perpétuel&nbsp;»</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A9oconfluences?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Géoconfluences">géoconfluences</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2006-09-20" data-sort-value="2006-09-20">20 septembre 2006</time>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fl20120916ec.html">«&nbsp;Way to open for first Tokyo skyscrapers&nbsp;»</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Japan_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1962-09-01" data-sort-value="1962-09-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> septembre 1962</time>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-09-15" data-sort-value="2012-09-15">15 septembre 2012</time>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="of_Tokyo2024"><span class="ouvrage" id="Statistics_of_Tokyo2024"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : japonais">(ja)</abbr> Statistics of Tokyo, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/gaikoku/2024/ga24ef0200.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ja">第2表 国籍・地域別外国人人口(令和6年1月1日現在)</cite></a>&nbsp;» [«&nbsp;Tableau <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;2 - Population étrangère par nationalité et par région (au <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-01-01" data-sort-value="2024-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 2024</time>&nbsp;»] <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, sur <span class="italique">toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp</span>,‎ <time>2024</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-07-21" data-sort-value="2024-07-21">21 juillet 2024</time>)</small></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url%3Dhttps://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy%3D2010%26ey%3D2017%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sic%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26pr1.x%3D38%26pr1.y%3D20%26c%3D512%25252C946%25252C914%25252C137%25252C612%25252C546%25252C614%25252C962%25252C311%25252C674%25252C213%25252C676%25252C911%25252C548%25252C193%25252C556%25252C122%25252C678%25252C912%25252C181%25252C313%25252C867%25252C419%25252C682%25252C513%25252C684%25252C316%25252C273%25252C913%25252C868%25252C124%25252C921%25252C339%25252C948%25252C638%25252C943%25252C514%25252C686%25252C218%25252C688%25252C963%25252C518%25252C616%25252C728%25252C223%25252C836%25252C516%25252C558%25252C918%25252C138%25252C748%25252C196%25252C618%25252C278%25252C624%25252C692%25252C522%25252C694%25252C622%25252C142%25252C156%25252C449%25252C626%25252C564%25252C628%25252C565%25252C228%25252C283%25252C924%25252C853%25252C233%25252C288%25252C632%25252C293%25252C636%25252C566%25252C634%25252C964%25252C238%25252C182%25252C662%25252C359%25252C960%25252C453%25252C423%25252C968%25252C935%25252C922%25252C128%25252C714%25252C611%25252C862%25252C321%25252C135%25252C243%25252C716%25252C248%25252C456%25252C469%25252C722%25252C253%25252C942%25252C642%25252C718%25252C643%25252C724%25252C939%25252C576%25252C644%25252C936%25252C819%25252C961%25252C172%25252C813%25252C132%25252C726%25252C646%25252C199%25252C648%25252C733%25252C915%25252C184%25252C134%25252C524%25252C652%25252C361%25252C174%25252C362%25252C328%25252C364%25252C258%25252C732%25252C656%25252C366%25252C654%25252C734%25252C336%25252C144%25252C263%25252C146%25252C268%25252C463%25252C532%25252C528%25252C944%25252C923%25252C176%25252C738%25252C534%25252C578%25252C536%25252C537%25252C429%25252C742%25252C433%25252C866%25252C178%25252C369%25252C436%25252C744%25252C136%25252C186%25252C343%25252C925%25252C158%25252C869%25252C439%25252C746%25252C916%25252C926%25252C664%25252C466%25252C826%25252C112%25252C542%25252C111%25252C967%25252C298%25252C443%25252C927%25252C917%25252C846%25252C544%25252C299%25252C941%25252C582%25252C446%25252C474%25252C666%25252C754%25252C668%25252C698%25252C672%26s%3DNGDPD%26grp%3D0%26a%3D"><cite style="font-style:normal;">FMI</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">archive.wikiwix.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-06-12" data-sort-value="2018-06-12">12 juin 2018</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/7314/">Baromètre immobilier annuel d’ECA International</a>, ECA International, le 15 février 2011.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/6701/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Résultats de l’étude ECA International sur le coût de la vie pour les expatriés</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">ECA International</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-12-02" data-sort-value="2008-12-02">2 décembre 2008</time></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/6943/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Résultats de l’étude ECA International sur le coût de la vie</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">ECA International</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-06-11" data-sort-value="2009-06-11">11 juin 2009</time></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/7064/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Résultats de l’étude ECA International sur le coût de la vie pour les expatriés</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">ECA International</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-12-02" data-sort-value="2009-12-02">2 décembre 2009</time></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eca-international.com/showpressrelease.aspx?ArticleID%3D7181"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Résultats de l’étude ECA International sur le coût de la vie pour les expatriés</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">ECA International</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-06-14" data-sort-value="2010-06-14">14 juin 2010</time></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/7281/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Résultats de l’étude ECA International sur le coût de la vie pour les expatriés</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">ECA International</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-12-02" data-sort-value="2010-12-02">2 décembre 2010</time></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/7358/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Résultats de l’étude ECA International sur le coût de la vie pour les expatriés</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">ECA International</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-06-08" data-sort-value="2011-06-08">8 juin 2011</time></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/7544/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Résultats de l’étude ECA International sur le coût de la vie pour les expatriés</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">ECA International</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-12-07" data-sort-value="2011-12-07">7 décembre 2011</time></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/6457/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Enquête mondiale sur le coût de la vie de ECA International</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">ECA International</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-11-26" data-sort-value="2007-11-26">26 novembre 2007</time></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/6404/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Enquête ECA International 2008 sur le coût de la vie dans le monde</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">ECA International</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-06-12" data-sort-value="2008-06-12">12 juin 2008</time></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-71">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/life/shanghai-now-more-expensive-new-york-307238"><i>Shanghai now more expensive than New York</i></a>, CNNGo, le 7 juillet 2011.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jason Chow, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2012/02/14/japan-still-up-there-on-most-expensive-list/"><i>Japan Still Up There On Most-Expensive List</i></a>&nbsp;», The Wall Street Journal Japan, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-02-14" data-sort-value="2012-02-14">14 février 2012</time>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/04/travel/cost-of-living-2013/"><i>What are the most expensive cities to live in?</i></a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cable_News_Network?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable News Network">CNN</a></i>, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-02-04" data-sort-value="2013-02-04">4 février 2013</time>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Delatronchette2018"><span class="ouvrage" id="Louis_Delatronchette2018">Louis Delatronchette, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Paris est la deuxième ville la plus chère au monde</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Le Figaro</i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-03-16" data-sort-value="2018-03-16">16 mars 2018</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/2018/03/15/20002-20180315ARTFIG00377-cout-de-la-vie-paris-est-la-deuxieme-ville-la-plus-chere-au-monde.php">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-03-16" data-sort-value="2018-03-16">16 mars 2018</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Paris+est+la+deuxi%C3%A8me+ville+la+plus+ch%C3%A8re+au+monde&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&amp;rft.aulast=Delatronchette&amp;rft.aufirst=Louis&amp;rft.date=2018-03-16&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATokyo"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Beattie2024"><span class="ouvrage" id="Elizabeth_Beattie2024"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Elizabeth <span class="nom_auteur">Beattie</span>, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/07/09/economy/beattie-mercer-report/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Tokyo is cheaper to live in than San Juan, according to global survey</cite></a>&nbsp;» <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès payant au document"> <noscript> <img alt="Accès payant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="947"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Accès payant" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>, sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Japan_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a></span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-07-09" data-sort-value="2024-07-09">9 juillet 2024</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-07-20" data-sort-value="2024-07-20">20 juillet 2024</time>)</small></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2024"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.mercer.com/insights/total-rewards/talent-mobility-insights/cost-of-living/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Cost of Living City Ranking</cite></a>&nbsp;» [«&nbsp;Classement des coûts de la vie&nbsp;»], sur <span class="italique">www.mercer.com</span>, <time>2024</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-07-20" data-sort-value="2024-07-20">20 juillet 2024</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-nat-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nat_77-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nat_77-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Aveline2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Natacha_Aveline2003">Natacha <span class="nom_auteur">Aveline</span>, <cite class="italique">La ville et le rail au Japon&nbsp;: L'expansion des groupes ferroviaires privés à Tôkyô et Osaka</cite>, CNRS Éditions, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2003-06-19" data-sort-value="2003-06-19">19 juin 2003</time>, 238&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2271061270?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2271061270"><span class="nowrap">978-2271061270</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.openedition.org/editionscnrs/5598">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;9<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+ville+et+le+rail+au+Japon&amp;rft.pub=CNRS+%C3%89ditions&amp;rft.stitle=L%27expansion+des+groupes+ferroviaires+priv%C3%A9s+%C3%A0+T%C3%B4ky%C3%B4+et+Osaka&amp;rft.aulast=Aveline&amp;rft.aufirst=Natacha&amp;rft.date=2003-06-19&amp;rft.pages=9&amp;rft.tpages=238&amp;rft.isbn=978-2271061270&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ATokyo"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Tokyo Narita International Airport (NRT) Information.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Council_of_Local_Authorities_for_International_Relations2015"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : japonais">(ja)</abbr> Council of Local Authorities for International Relations, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.clair.or.jp/j/exchange/shimai/data150731.xlsx"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="ja">姉妹(友好)提携情報</cite></a>&nbsp;» [«&nbsp;Informations sur les relations de jumelage&nbsp;»] <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-xls" title="Classeur Microsoft Excel">[xls]</abbr>, sur <span class="italique">www.clair.or.jp</span>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-08" data-sort-value="2015-08">août 2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-09-22" data-sort-value="2015-09-22">22 septembre 2015</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-sisters_cities-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sisters_cities_80-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sisters_cities_80-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/LINKS/sister.htm"><i>Sister Cities (States) of Tokyo</i></a>, Tokyo Metropolitan Government</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=58&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&nbsp;:</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259D%25B1%25E4%25BA%25AC?uselang%3Dfr">Tokyo</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tokyo" class="extiw" title="wikt:Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> <li class="wikinews"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikinews.org/wiki/Cat%25C3%25A9gorie:Tokyo" class="extiw" title="n:Catégorie:Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikinews</span></span></li> <li class="wikivoyage"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tokyo" class="extiw" title="voy:Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikivoyage</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=59&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_Pons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe Pons">Philippe Pons</a>, <i>D'Edo à Tokyo. Mémoires et modernités</i>, Gallimard, Paris, 1988, 455 pages, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2070711932?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2070711932"><span class="nowrap">978-2070711932</span></a>)</small> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.persee.fr/showPage.do?urn%3Dpolit_0032-342x_1988_num_53_2_3786_t1_0509_0000_2">Compte-rendu dans la revue Politique étrangère</a>).</li> <li>Donald Richie, <i>Tokyo&nbsp;: extravagante et humaine</i>, photographies de Joel Sackett, préface de Philippe Pons&nbsp;; traduit de l'anglais (américain) par Geneviève Brzustowski, Paris&nbsp;: Éd. Autrement, 1999, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2862609690?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2862609690"><span class="nowrap">978-2862609690</span></a>)</small></li> <li>Livio Sacchi, <i>Tokyo&nbsp;: Architecture et urbanisme</i> traduit de l'italien par Odile Menegaux, Paris, Flammarion, 2005, 247 pages, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2080114105?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2080114105"><span class="nowrap">978-2080114105</span></a>)</small></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natacha_Aveline?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natacha Aveline">Natacha Aveline</a>, <i>La ville et le rail au Japon, l’expansion des groupes ferroviaires privés à Tokyo et Osaka</i>, CNRS éditions, collection Asie orientale, Paris, 2003, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2271061270?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2271061270"><span class="nowrap">978-2271061270</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natacha_Aveline?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natacha Aveline">Natacha Aveline</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://geoconfluences.ens-lsh.fr/doc/typespace/urb1/MetropScient3.htm">Tokyo, métropolole japonaise en mouvement perpétuel, 2006</a>, sur le site <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A9oconfluences?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Géoconfluences">Géoconfluences</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Laplantine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Laplantine">François Laplantine</a>, <i>Tokyo, Ville flottante&nbsp;: scènes urbaines, mises en scène</i>, Paris, éditions Stock, 2010 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9-782234-063976?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9-782234-063976"><span class="nowrap">9-782234-063976</span></a>)</small></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saskia_Sassen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saskia Sassen">Saskia Sassen</a>, <i>La ville globale, New York, Londres, Tokyo</i> - Traduit de l'américain par Denis-Armand Canal - Éd. Descartes &amp; Cie - 1997 (version originale en anglais de 1991, rééditée et modifiée en anglais en 2001 - Princeton University Press) 2001 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-691-07063-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-691-07063-6"><span class="nowrap">0-691-07063-6</span></a>)</small></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Micha%C3%ABl_Ferrier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michaël Ferrier">Michaël Ferrier</a>, <i>Le Goût de Tokyo</i>, anthologie commentée de textes sur Tokyo, Paris, Mercure de France, 2008 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-7152-2811-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-7152-2811-2"><span class="nowrap">2-7152-2811-2</span></a>)</small>, <i>Tokyo, petits portraits de l’aube</i>, Paris, Gallimard, 2004 (rééd. 2010) <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2070772131?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2070772131"><span class="nowrap">978-2070772131</span></a>)</small></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Filmographie">Filmographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=60&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Filmographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo-ga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo-ga">Tokyo-ga</a>, documentaire réalisé par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wim_Wenders?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wim Wenders">Wim Wenders</a> (1985).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natacha_Aveline?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natacha Aveline">Natacha Aveline</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.canal-u.tv/producteurs/universite_toulouse_le_mirail/dossier_programmes/documentaires/mourir_a_tokyo">Mourir à Tokyo</a>, film documentaire de 52 min sur les cimetières et l'aménagement urbain à Tokyo.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tokyo!?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tokyo!">Tokyo!</a>, film composé de trois courts-métrages, réalisés par trois réalisateurs&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Gondry?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel Gondry">Michel Gondry</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leos_Carax?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leos Carax">Leos Carax</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> (2008).</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=61&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite" style="text-align:left;"> <div style="float:left;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/45px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 45px;height: 45px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/45px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="45" data-height="45" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/68px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/90px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span> </div> <div style="margin-left:60px;"> Une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Cat%C3%A9gorie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Catégorie">catégorie</a> est consacrée à ce sujet&nbsp;: <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catégorie:Tokyo">Tokyo</a></i>. </div> <div style="clear:left;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=62&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><cite class="ouvrage" id="site_officiel" style="font-style: normal;"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : japonais, anglais, chinois et coréen">(ja&nbsp;+&nbsp;en&nbsp;+&nbsp;zh&nbsp;+&nbsp;ko)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/">Site officiel</a></cite> de la préfecture de Tokyo</li> <li><cite class="ouvrage" id="site_officiel" style="font-style: normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.tourism.metro.tokyo.jp/fr/index.html">Site officiel</a></cite> touristique sur Tokyo</li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1490?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span></span>&nbsp;: <ul> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://viaf.org/viaf/140713831">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://isni.org/isni/0000000417576305">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11975700f">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11975700f">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.idref.fr/028180879">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79034998">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/4078337-6">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00280764">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00397957?l%3Den">CiNii</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func%3Dfind-b%26local_base%3DNLX10%26find_code%3DUID%26request%3D987007559635005171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kopkatalogs.lv/F/?func%3Ddirect%26local_base%3Dlnc10%26doc_number%3D000124935">Lettonie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-034998">WorldCat</a></span></li> </ul> </div></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1490?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span></span>&nbsp;: <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tokyo-metropolis"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/tokio"><i>Brockhaus</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Tokyo/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tokyo_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><i>Dizionario di Storia</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tokyo_res-e5d63930-8bb7-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/T%25C5%258Dky%25C5%258D.html"><i>Enciclopedia De Agostini</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0066441.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3987787"><i>Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/ville/Tokyo/146987"><i>Larousse</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%25C3%25A5ng/tokyo"><i>Nationalencyklopedin</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/47171"><i>Proleksis enciklopedija</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://snl.no/Tokyo"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tokyo"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/tokyo/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative au spectacle<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1490?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span></span>&nbsp;: <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://data.performing-arts.ch/p/c9148318-c0c8-4c2e-a411-a9ae99af115b"><i>Archives suisses des arts de la scène</i></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la santé<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1490?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span></span>&nbsp;: <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui%3DD014041"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Medical Subject Headings</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la bande dessinée<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1490?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span></span>&nbsp;: <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://comicvine.gamespot.com/wd/4020-55973/"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Comic Vine</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1490?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span></span>&nbsp;: <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T085388"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Grove Art Online</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la musique<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1490?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span></span>&nbsp;: <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://musicbrainz.org/area/8dc97297-ac95-4d33-82bc-e07fab26fb5f"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">MusicBrainz</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> </ul> <div style="margin-top: 10px;"></div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de Tokyo"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 33px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="33" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/50px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/66px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Tokyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.056 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de «&nbsp;<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DTokyo%26oldid%3D220023053">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;oldid=220023053</a>&nbsp;». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tokyo&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Bertrand Labévue" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1730741560"> <span>Dernière modification le 4 novembre 2024, à 18:32</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toky%25C3%25B4" title="Tokyô&nbsp;–&nbsp;aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Tokyô" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;adyguéen" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyguéen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2589%25B6%25E1%258A%25AD%25E1%258B%25AE" title="ቶክዮ&nbsp;–&nbsp;amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቶክዮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geddoburg" title="Geddoburg&nbsp;–&nbsp;ancien anglais" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Geddoburg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ancien anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B" title="टोक्यो&nbsp;–&nbsp;angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="टोक्यो" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B7%25D9%2588%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2588" title="طوكيو&nbsp;–&nbsp;arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طوكيو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%259B%25DC%2598%25DC%25A9%25DC%259D%25DC%2598" title="ܛܘܩܝܘ&nbsp;–&nbsp;araméen" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܩܝܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="araméen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B7%25D9%2588%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2588" title="طوكيو&nbsp;–&nbsp;arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طوكيو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B7%25D9%2588%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2588" title="طوكيو&nbsp;–&nbsp;arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طوكيو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2585%2527" title="টকিঅ'&nbsp;–&nbsp;assamais" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="টকিঅ'" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokiu" title="Tokiu&nbsp;–&nbsp;asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tokiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B" title="टोकियो&nbsp;–&nbsp;awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="टोकियो" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2588" title="توکیو&nbsp;–&nbsp;South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توکیو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefektua_Tokio" title="Prefektua Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Prefektua Tokio" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597s" title="Tokėjės&nbsp;–&nbsp;samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tokėjės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596%25D0%25B0" title="Токіа&nbsp;–&nbsp;biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Токіа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596%25D1%2591" title="Токіё&nbsp;–&nbsp;Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Токіё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B" title="टोकियो&nbsp;–&nbsp;Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="टोकियो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;bichelamar" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bichelamar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25EA%25A9%25BB%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF" title="ဝေင်ꩻတိုကျို&nbsp;–&nbsp;Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဝေင်ꩻတိုကျို" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2593" title="টোকিও&nbsp;–&nbsp;bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টোকিও" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2590%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2581%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A1%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཐོ་ཁེ་ཡོ།&nbsp;–&nbsp;tibétain" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཐོ་ཁེ་ཡོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibétain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B2quio" title="Tòquio&nbsp;–&nbsp;catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tòquio" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C5%25ADng-g%25C4%25ADng-d%25C5%25AD" title="Dŭng-gĭng-dŭ&nbsp;–&nbsp;Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dŭng-gĭng-dŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258F%2599%25E1%258E%25A9%25E1%258F%25B2" title="ᏙᎩᏲ&nbsp;–&nbsp;cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏙᎩᏲ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25DB%2586%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25DB%2586" title="تۆکیۆ&nbsp;–&nbsp;sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆکیۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokiu" title="Tokiu&nbsp;–&nbsp;corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tokiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%25A1%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Тѡкио&nbsp;–&nbsp;slavon d’église" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Тѡкио" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavon d’église" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%25C3%25A4fektur_Tokio" title="Präfektur Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präfektur Tokio" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;bas-sorabe" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bas-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B" title="टोकियो&nbsp;–&nbsp;Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="टोकियो" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2593%25DE%25AF%25DE%2586%25DE%25A8%25DE%2594%25DE%25AF" title="ޓޯކިޔޯ&nbsp;–&nbsp;maldivien" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޓޯކިޔޯ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldivien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%258A%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2580%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A1" title="ཊོ་ཀི་ཡ&nbsp;–&nbsp;dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཊོ་ཀི་ཡ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;éwé" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="éwé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A4%25CF%258C%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF" title="Τόκιο&nbsp;–&nbsp;grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόκιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%258Dky%25C5%258D_prefektuur" title="Tōkyō prefektuur&nbsp;–&nbsp;estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tōkyō prefektuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B3quiu" title="Tóquiu&nbsp;–&nbsp;estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tóquiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2588" title="توکیو&nbsp;–&nbsp;persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توکیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recommandé"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;fidjien" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio&nbsp;–&nbsp;francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Toquio" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefektuur_Tokio" title="Prefektuur Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Prefektuur Tokio" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B3iceo" title="Tóiceo&nbsp;–&nbsp;irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tóiceo" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259D%25B1%25E4%25BA%25AC" title="東京&nbsp;–&nbsp;gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="東京" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toquio" title="Toquio&nbsp;–&nbsp;galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Toquio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A4%25DA%25A9%25D9%258A%25D8%25A4" title="تؤکيؤ&nbsp;–&nbsp;gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تؤکيؤ" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B3kio" title="Tókio&nbsp;–&nbsp;guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tókio" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258D%2584%25F0%2590%258D%2589%25F0%2590%258C%25BA%25F0%2590%258C%25BE%25F0%2590%258D%2589" title="𐍄𐍉𐌺𐌾𐍉&nbsp;–&nbsp;gotique" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍉𐌺𐌾𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25BBng-k%25C3%25AEn-t%25C3%25BB" title="Tûng-kîn-tû&nbsp;–&nbsp;hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tûng-kîn-tû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%258Dki%25C5%258D" title="Tōkiō&nbsp;–&nbsp;hawaïen" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Tōkiō" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A7%25D7%2599%25D7%2595" title="טוקיו&nbsp;–&nbsp;hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טוקיו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B" title="टोक्यो&nbsp;–&nbsp;hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टोक्यो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toki%25C3%25B3" title="Tokió&nbsp;–&nbsp;hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tokió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258F%25D5%25B8%25D5%25AF%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B8" title="Տոկիո&nbsp;–&nbsp;arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տոկիո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2584%25D5%25AB%25D6%2585" title="Թոքիօ&nbsp;–&nbsp;arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թոքիօ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%258Dky%25C5%258D" title="Tōkyō&nbsp;–&nbsp;interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tōkyō" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukiu" title="Tukiu&nbsp;–&nbsp;inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Tukiu" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;ingouche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingouche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B3k%25C3%25BD%25C3%25B3" title="Tókýó&nbsp;–&nbsp;islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tókýó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259D%25B1%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E9%2583%25BD" title="東京都&nbsp;–&nbsp;japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="東京都" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuokio" title="Tuokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;créole jamaïcain" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Tuokio" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="créole jamaïcain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tokios" title="tokios&nbsp;–&nbsp;lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tokios" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259D" title="ტოკიო&nbsp;–&nbsp;géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტოკიო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokiyo" title="Tokiyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tokiyo" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%258F%25E1%259E%25BC%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%2599%25E1%259E%25BC" title="តូក្យូ&nbsp;–&nbsp;khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តូក្យូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25A4%25E0%25B3%258B%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B3%258B" title="ತೋಕ್ಯೋ&nbsp;–&nbsp;kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತೋಕ್ಯೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%258F%2584%25EC%25BF%2584%25EB%258F%2584" title="도쿄도&nbsp;–&nbsp;coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도쿄도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25B9%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2588" title="ٹوکیو&nbsp;–&nbsp;cachemiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ٹوکیو" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cachemiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokium" title="Tokium&nbsp;–&nbsp;latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tokium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefektur_Tokio" title="Prefektur Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Prefektur Tokio" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B2kyo" title="Tòkyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tòkyo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BB%2582%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25BD%25E0%25BA%25A7" title="ໂຕກຽວ&nbsp;–&nbsp;lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂຕກຽວ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokijas" title="Tokijas&nbsp;–&nbsp;lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tokijas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokija" title="Tokija&nbsp;–&nbsp;letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tokija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B" title="टोक्यो&nbsp;–&nbsp;maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="टोक्यो" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%258Dkio" title="Tōkio&nbsp;–&nbsp;maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tōkio" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%259F%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%258B" title="ടോക്കിയോ&nbsp;–&nbsp;malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടോക്കിയോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B" title="तोक्यो&nbsp;–&nbsp;marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तोक्यो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokjo" title="Tokjo&nbsp;–&nbsp;maltais" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tokjo" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B3quio" title="Tóquio&nbsp;–&nbsp;mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tóquio" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%25B7" title="တိုကျိုမြို့&nbsp;–&nbsp;birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တိုကျိုမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BE%25D1%2588" title="Токио ош&nbsp;–&nbsp;erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Токио ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9%25D9%258A%25D9%2588" title="توکيو&nbsp;–&nbsp;mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="توکيو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B" title="टोकियो&nbsp;–&nbsp;népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टोकियो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B" title="तोक्यो&nbsp;–&nbsp;newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तोक्यो" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;niha" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="niha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25A1%25C5%2582ts%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A1_Hin%25C3%25ADy%25C3%25ADn%25C3%25AD" title="Táłtsʼá Hiníyíní&nbsp;–&nbsp;navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Táłtsʼá Hiníyíní" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;chewa" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="chewa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B2quio" title="Tòquio&nbsp;–&nbsp;occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tòquio" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%259F%25E0%25AD%258B%25E0%25AC%2595%25E0%25AC%25BF%25E0%25AC%2593" title="ଟୋକିଓ&nbsp;–&nbsp;odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଟୋକିଓ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%259F%25E0%25A9%258B%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2593" title="ਟੋਕੀਓ&nbsp;–&nbsp;pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟੋਕੀਓ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;pampangan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%258Dky%25C5%258D" title="Tōkyō&nbsp;–&nbsp;picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tōkyō" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;allemand palatin" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="allemand palatin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25B9%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2588" title="ٹوکیو&nbsp;–&nbsp;Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹوکیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A4%25CF%258C%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF" title="Τόκιο&nbsp;–&nbsp;pontique" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τόκιο" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2588" title="توکیو&nbsp;–&nbsp;pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توکیو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25B3quio" title="Tóquio&nbsp;–&nbsp;portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tóquio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;romanche" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%258Dky%25C5%258D" title="Tōkyō&nbsp;–&nbsp;roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tōkyō" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;aroumain" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596%25D0%25BE" title="Токіо&nbsp;–&nbsp;ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Токіо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B" title="टोक्यो&nbsp;–&nbsp;sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="टोक्यो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25B4%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259A" title="ᱴᱚᱠᱭᱚ&nbsp;–&nbsp;santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱴᱚᱠᱭᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tochiu" title="Tochiu&nbsp;–&nbsp;sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tochiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BD%25D9%2588%25DA%25AA%25D9%258A%25D9%2588" title="ٽوڪيو&nbsp;–&nbsp;sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽوڪيو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C5%258Dky%25C5%258D" title="Tōkyō&nbsp;–&nbsp;serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tōkyō" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;chleuh" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="chleuh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25A7%25E0%25B7%259D%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%259D" title="ටෝකියෝ&nbsp;–&nbsp;cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටෝකියෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolis" title="Tokyo Metropolis&nbsp;–&nbsp;Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tokyo Metropolis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokjo" title="Tokjo&nbsp;–&nbsp;silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tokjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AF%258B" title="தோக்கியோ&nbsp;–&nbsp;tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோக்கியோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%259F%25E0%25B3%258B%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B3%258B" title="ಟೋಕಿಯೋ&nbsp;–&nbsp;toulou" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಟೋಕಿಯೋ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="toulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%259F%25E0%25B1%258B%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B1%258B" title="టోక్యో&nbsp;–&nbsp;télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టోక్యో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;tétoum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tétoum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25A7" title="โตเกียว&nbsp;–&nbsp;thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โตเกียว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;tongien" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;tahitien" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE" title="Токио&nbsp;–&nbsp;oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Токио" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2588" title="توكيو&nbsp;–&nbsp;ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="توكيو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596%25D0%25BE" title="Токіо&nbsp;–&nbsp;ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Токіо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2588" title="توکیو&nbsp;–&nbsp;ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="توکیو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefetura_de_Tokyo" title="Prefetura de Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Prefetura de Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%259C%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E9%2583%25BD" title="东京都&nbsp;–&nbsp;wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="东京都" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259D" title="ტოკიო&nbsp;–&nbsp;mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტოკიო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2598%25D7%2590%25D7%25A7%25D7%2599%25D7%2590" title="טאקיא&nbsp;–&nbsp;yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאקיא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tokyo" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunghgingh" title="Dunghgingh&nbsp;–&nbsp;zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dunghgingh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokio" title="Tokio&nbsp;–&nbsp;zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tokio" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259D%25B1%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E9%2583%25BD" title="東京都&nbsp;–&nbsp;chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="東京都" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259D%25B1%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E9%2583%25BD" title="東京都&nbsp;–&nbsp;chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="東京都" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang-kia%25E2%2581%25BF-to%25CD%2598" title="Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘&nbsp;–&nbsp;minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tang-kiaⁿ-to͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%259D%25B1%25E4%25BA%25AC%25E9%2583%25BD" title="東京都&nbsp;–&nbsp;cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="東京都" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITokyo" title="ITokyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;zoulou" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITokyo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zoulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; 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