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id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="स्वरूप" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">स्वरूप</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ne.wikipedia.org&uselang=ne" class=""><span>दान गर्नुहोस्</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="तपाईलाई खाता बनाउन र प्रवेश गर्न हामी प्रोत्साहित गर्छौं; तथापि, यो अनिवार्य भने छैन।" class=""><span>खाता खोल्नुहोस्</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="तपाईलाई प्रवेश गर्न सुझाव दिइन्छ ; तर यो जरुरी भने छैन [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>प्रवेश गर्नुहोस्</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="थप विकल्पहरू" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत औजारहरू" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत औजारहरू</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="प्रयोगकर्ता सुचीपत्र" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ne.wikipedia.org&uselang=ne"><span>दान गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:CreateAccount&returnto=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="तपाईलाई खाता बनाउन र प्रवेश गर्न हामी प्रोत्साहित गर्छौं; तथापि, यो अनिवार्य भने छैन।"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता खोल्नुहोस्</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:UserLogin&returnto=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="तपाईलाई प्रवेश गर्न सुझाव दिइन्छ ; तर यो जरुरी भने छैन [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>प्रवेश गर्नुहोस्</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> निर्गमन सम्पादकहरूका लागि पृष्ठहरू <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" aria-label="सम्पादन गर्ने बारे थप जान्नुहोस्"><span>थप जान्नुहोस्</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>मेरो योगदानहरू</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:MyTalk" title="यो IP ठेगानाबाट गरिएका सम्पादनका बारेमा बार्तालाप [n]" accesskey="n"><span>मेरो कुराहरू</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="विषयसूची" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">विषयसूची</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">बाँया खण्डमा सार्नुहोस्</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">लुकाउनुहोस्</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">सुरुवात</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-चित्र_दिर्घा" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#चित्र_दिर्घा"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">१</span> <span>चित्र दिर्घा</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-चित्र_दिर्घा-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-यो_पनि_हेर्नुहोस्" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#यो_पनि_हेर्नुहोस्"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">२</span> <span>यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-यो_पनि_हेर्नुहोस्-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ_सामग्रीहरू" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ_सामग्रीहरू"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">३</span> <span>सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ_सामग्रीहरू-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="विषयसूची" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="सामग्रीको तालिका सक्षम गर्नुहोस्" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">सामग्रीको तालिका सक्षम गर्नुहोस्</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">गियोतिन</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="८८ भाषामा उपलब्ध छ। अर्को भाषाको लेखमा जानुहोस्।" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">८८ भाषाहरू</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – अफ्रिकान्स" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ्रिकान्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – स्वीस जर्मन" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="स्वीस जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86xgealga" title="Æxgealga – पुरातन अङ्ग्रेजी" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Æxgealga" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="पुरातन अङ्ग्रेजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9" title="مقصلة – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقصلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86" title="الجيلوتين – इजिप्ट अरबी" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجيلوتين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="इजिप्ट अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilyotin" title="Gilyotin – अजरबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gilyotin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अजरबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гільяціна – बेलारुसी" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гільяціна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="बेलारुसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – बुल्गेरियाली" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="बुल्गेरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="গিলোটিন – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গিলোটিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibennerez" title="Dibennerez – ब्रेटन" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dibennerez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ब्रेटन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – बोस्नियाली" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="बोस्नियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – क्याटालन" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="क्याटालन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotina" title="Gilotina – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gilotina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – चुभास" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="चुभास" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – डेनिस" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyotin" title="Giyotin – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Giyotin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Γκιλοτίνα – ग्रीक" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκιλοτίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ग्रीक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – अङ्ग्रेजी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अङ्ग्रेजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotino" title="Gilotino – एस्पेरान्तो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gilotino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरान्तो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – स्पेनी" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotiin" title="Giljotiin – इस्टोनियन" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Giljotiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="इस्टोनियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillotina" title="Gillotina – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gillotina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گیوتین – फारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیوتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotiini" title="Giljotiini – फिनिस" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Giljotiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फिनिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – फ्रान्सेली" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ्रान्सेली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – उत्तरी फ्रिजी" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="उत्तरी फ्रिजी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – पश्चिमी फ्रिसियन" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="पश्चिमी फ्रिसियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilit%C3%ADn" title="Gilitín – आइरिस" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gilitín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="आइरिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8" title="ગિલોટીન – गुजराती" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગિલોટીન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="गुजराती" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiokina" title="Kiokina – हवाइयन" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kiokina" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="हवाइयन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="גיליוטינה – हिब्रु" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיליוטינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="हिब्रु" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="गिलोटिन – हिन्दी" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गिलोटिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="हिन्दी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – क्रोयसियाली" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोयसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyaktil%C3%B3" title="Nyaktiló – हङ्गेरियाली" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyaktiló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="हङ्गेरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Գիլիոտին – आर्मेनियाली" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիլիոտին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="आर्मेनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – इन्डोनेसियाली" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इन्डोनेसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotino" title="Gilotino – इडो" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gilotino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="इडो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%C3%B6xi" title="Fallöxi – आइसल्यान्डियाली" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fallöxi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसल्यान्डियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghigliottina" title="Ghigliottina – इटालेली" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ghigliottina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इटालेली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AD%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3" title="ギロチン – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギロチン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – जाभानी" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="जाभानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გილიოტინა – जर्जियाली" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გილიოტინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="जर्जियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%A9ng%27ei" title="Kĩng'ei – किकुयु" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kĩng'ei" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="किकुयु" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – काजाख" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="काजाख" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗಿಲೊಟೀನ್ – कन्नाडा" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಿಲೊಟೀನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="कन्नाडा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%91%90%EB%8C%80" title="단두대 – कोरियाली" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단두대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – काराचाय-बाल्कर" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="काराचाय-बाल्कर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9Fneqe" title="Meşneqe – कुर्दी" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meşneqe" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="कुर्दी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – लक्जेम्बर्गी" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="लक्जेम्बर्गी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – लिथुआनियाली" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljot%C4%ABna" title="Giljotīna – लात्भियाली" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Giljotīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लात्भियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – म्यासेडोनियन" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="म्यासेडोनियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഗില്ലറ്റിൻ – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗില്ലറ്റിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotin" title="Gilotin – मलाय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gilotin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलाय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گیوتین – मजानडेरानी" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گیوتین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="मजानडेरानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – नर्वेली नाइनोर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नर्वेली नाइनोर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – नर्वेली बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नर्वेली बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗੀਓਤੀਨ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੀਓਤੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotyna" title="Gilotyna – पोलिस" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gilotyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilhotina" title="Guilhotina – पोर्तुगी" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guilhotina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पोर्तुगी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghilotin%C4%83" title="Ghilotină – रोमानियाली" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ghilotină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – रसियाली" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रसियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилотина – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гилотина" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – साखा" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="साखा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghillotina" title="Ghillotina – सार्डिनियाली" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ghillotina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="सार्डिनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Guillotine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilot%C3%ADna" title="Gilotína – स्लोभाकियाली" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gilotína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="स्लोभाकियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotina" title="Giljotina – स्लोभेनियाली" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Giljotina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="स्लोभेनियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gijotina" title="Gijotina – अल्बानियाली" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gijotina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="अल्बानियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гиљотина – सर्बियाली" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гиљотина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giljotin" title="Giljotin – स्विडिस" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Giljotin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्विडिस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கில்லட்டின் – तामिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கில்லட்டின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तामिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гилйотина – ताजिक" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гилйотина" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ताजिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="กิโยตีน – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กิโยตีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giyotin" title="Giyotin – टर्किश" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Giyotin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="टर्किश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гильотина – तातार" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гильотина" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="तातार" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гільйотина – युक्रेनी" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гільйотина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="युक्रेनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="گلوٹین – उर्दु" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گلوٹین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="उर्दु" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilotina" title="Gilotina – उज्बेकी" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gilotina" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="उज्बेकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghijotina" title="Ghijotina – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ghijotina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_ch%C3%A9m" title="Máy chém – भियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy chém" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="भियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotina" title="Guillotina – वारे" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Guillotina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="वारे" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AD%E5%A4%B4%E5%8F%B0" title="断头台 – ऊ चिनियाँ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="断头台" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ऊ चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="斷頭台 – चिनियाँ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斷頭台" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चिनियाँ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E9%A0%AD%E5%8F%B0" title="斷頭台 – क्यान्टोनिज" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斷頭台" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="क्यान्टोनिज" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128015#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="अन्तरभाषिक सूत्र सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्" class="wbc-editpage">कडीहरू सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="नामपद"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="सामग्री पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस् [c]" accesskey="c"><span>लेख</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">विकिपिडिया, एक स्वतन्त्र विश्वकोशबाट</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ne" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:The_Maiden,_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/220px-The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/330px-The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/440px-The_Maiden%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>गियोतिन</b> (<small>फ्रान्सेली: </small><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:IPA_for_French" class="extiw" title="en:WP:IPA for French">[ɡijɔtin]</a></span><small class="nowrap"> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:LL-Q150_(fra)-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-guillotine.wav" title="चित्र:LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-guillotine.wav"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/13px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/26px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span class="metadata"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-guillotine.wav" class="internal" title="LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-guillotine.wav">सुन्नुहोस्</a></span>)</small>) शिर छेदन गरी <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="मृत्युदण्ड">मृत्युदण्ड</a> दिने, दुई खम्बा बीच आरा झुन्ड्याइएको <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="यन्त्र">यन्त्र</a> हो। यसको नामाकरण फ्रान्सेली चिकित्सक <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="जोजेफ-इन्यास गियोतिन (पृष्ठ उपलब्ध छैन)">जोजेफ-इन्यास गियोतिन</a>को नामबाट गरिएको थियो जसले १० अक्टोबर १७८९ मा राष्ट्रिय सभामा मृत्युदण्ड "सामान्य उपकरणको प्रयोगबाट" शीरछेदन गरी गर्नुपर्छ भनी प्रस्ताव गरेका थिए।<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>१<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> गियोतिनको आविष्कार युरोपेली ज्ञानोदयको मान्यता अनुसार मृत्युदण्डको सजाय कम पीडादायी र कम कष्टकर बनाउनका लागि भएको थियो, जबकी यसअघिका मृत्युदण्डका तरिकाहरू निकै कष्टकर र भयभित तुल्याउने खालका हुन्थे। यसलाई अङ्गीकार गरेपछि सन् १९८१ मा मृत्युदण्ड उन्मुलन नभएसम्म, यो यन्त्र फ्रान्सको न्यायिक क्षेत्रमा मृत्युदण्ड दिने मानक विधि बनेको थियो<sup id="cite_ref-legifrance.gouv.fr_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legifrance.gouv.fr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>२<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> फ्रान्समा मृत्युदण्ड दिइएका अन्तिम व्यक्ति हमिदा जानदुबी थिए, जसलाई १० सेप्टेम्बर १९७७ मा गियोतिनद्वारा शीरछेदन गरिएको थियो। यो पश्चिमी राष्ट्रको सरकारले शीरछेदन गरी व्यक्तिलाई मृत्युदण्ड दिएको अन्तिम पटक थियो। </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_(1738-1814),_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Anonymous_-_Portrait_de_Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin_%281738-1814%29%2C_m%C3%A9decin_et_homme_politique._-_P1052_-_Mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="1971" /></a><figcaption>जोजेफ इन्यास गियोतिनको चित्र </figcaption></figure> <p>यो <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="फ्रान्सेली राज्यक्रान्ति">फ्रान्सेली राज्यक्रान्ति</a> अन्तर्गत आतङ्कको राज्यको समयमा क्रान्तिको विरोधीहरूलाई मृत्युदण्ड दिनको लागि परिचित थियो। नाजी जर्मनीले सन् १९३३ देखि १९४५ को बिचमा १६,५०० कैदी बन्दीलाई गियोतिनद्वारा मृत्युदण्ड दिएकोमा त्यो मध्ये सबैभन्दा बढी सन् १९४४ र १९४५ को बीचमा, १०,००० लाई यो यन्त्रद्वारा मृत्युदण्ड दिइएको थियो।<sup id="cite_ref-Opie2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opie2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>३<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>४<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>हालसालैका वर्षहरूमा केही मानिसहरूले गियोतिनबाट <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="आत्महत्या">आत्महत्या</a> गरेका थिए।<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>५<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>६<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>७<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>८<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="चित्र_दिर्घा"><span id=".E0.A4.9A.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A4.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0_.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.98.E0.A4.BE"></span>चित्र दिर्घा</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="खण्ड: चित्र दिर्घा सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg/89px-The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg/133px-The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg/177px-The_Halifax_Gibbet_-_geograph.org.uk_-_350422.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Execution_of_Louis_XVI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="लुई सोह्रौँको मृत्युदण्ड"><img alt="लुई सोह्रौँको मृत्युदण्ड" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Execution_of_Louis_XVI.jpg/120px-Execution_of_Louis_XVI.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Execution_of_Louis_XVI.jpg/180px-Execution_of_Louis_XVI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Execution_of_Louis_XVI.jpg/240px-Execution_of_Louis_XVI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5043" data-file-height="3016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%81" title="लुई सोह्रौँ">लुई सोह्रौँ</a>को मृत्युदण्ड</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Marie_Antoinette_le_16_octobre_1793.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="१६ अक्टोबर १७९३ मा मारी अँतवानेत को मृत्युदण्ड"><img alt="१६ अक्टोबर १७९३ मा मारी अँतवानेत को मृत्युदण्ड" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Marie_Antoinette_le_16_octobre_1793.jpg/120px-Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Marie_Antoinette_le_16_octobre_1793.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Marie_Antoinette_le_16_octobre_1793.jpg/180px-Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Marie_Antoinette_le_16_octobre_1793.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Marie_Antoinette_le_16_octobre_1793.jpg/240px-Ex%C3%A9cution_de_Marie_Antoinette_le_16_octobre_1793.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1148" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">१६ अक्टोबर १७९३ मा <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4" title="मारी अँतवानेत">मारी अँतवानेत</a> को मृत्युदण्ड</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Execution_robespierre,_saint_just....jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="माक्सिमिलियेँ रबस्पियरको मृत्युदण्ड"><img alt="माक्सिमिलियेँ रबस्पियरको मृत्युदण्ड" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg/120px-Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg/180px-Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg/240px-Execution_robespierre%2C_saint_just....jpg 2x" data-file-width="3490" data-file-height="2270" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="माक्सिमिलियेँ रबस्पियर">माक्सिमिलियेँ रबस्पियर</a>को मृत्युदण्ड</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="गियोतिनमा सार्वजनिक रूपमा मृत्युदण्ड दिइएको; सन् १८९७ अप्रिल २० मा लिइएको तस्विर,"><img alt="गियोतिनमा सार्वजनिक रूपमा मृत्युदण्ड दिइएको; सन् १८९७ अप्रिल २० मा लिइएको तस्विर," src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg/120px-France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg/180px-France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg/240px-France_-_Public_execution_on_Guillotine_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="707" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">गियोतिनमा सार्वजनिक रूपमा मृत्युदण्ड दिइएको; सन् १८९७ अप्रिल २० मा लिइएको तस्विर,</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="यो_पनि_हेर्नुहोस्"><span id=".E0.A4.AF.E0.A5.8B_.E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.BF_.E0.A4.B9.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.B9.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.B8.E0.A5.8D"></span>यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="खण्ड: यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="मृत्युदण्ड">मृत्युदण्ड</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ_सामग्रीहरू"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD_.E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.97.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.80.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.82"></span>सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="खण्ड: सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू सम्पादन गर्ने"><span>सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. F. Opie (2003) <i>Guillotine</i>, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing Ltd, p. 22, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8" title="आइएसबिएन">आइएसबिएन</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:BookSources/0750930349" title="विशेष:BookSources/0750930349">०७५०९३०३४९</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-legifrance.gouv.fr-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-legifrance.gouv.fr_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(फ्रान्सेलीमा)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000319513&dateTexte=20090728">Loi n°81-908 du 9 octobre 1981 portant abolition de la peine de mort</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="वेब्याक मेसिन">वेब्याक मेसिन</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731141543/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000319513&dateTexte=20090728">अभिलेखिकरण</a> ३१ जुलाई २०१३ मिति. Legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved on 2013-04-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Opie2013-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Opie2013_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Robert Frederick Opie (२०१३), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ob87AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT131"><i>Guillotine: The Timbers of Justice</i></a>, History Press, पृ: १३१।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&rft.au=Robert+Frederick+Opie&rft.aulast=Robert+Frederick+Opie&rft.btitle=Guillotine%3A+The+Timbers+of+Justice&rft.date=%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A9&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7&rft.pub=History+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dob87AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT131&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"According to Nazi records, the guillotine was eventually used to execute some 16,500 people between 1933 and 1945, many of them resistance fighters and political dissidents." <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-guillotine">https://www.history.com/news/8-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-guillotine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080927212352/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/2974083.stm">"Guillotine death was suicide"</a>, <i>BBC News</i>, २४ अप्रिल २००३, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/tyne/2974083.stm">मूल</a>बाट २७ सेप्टेम्बर २००८-मा सङ्ग्रहित<span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच २६ सेप्टेम्बर २००८</span>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&rft.atitle=Guillotine+death+was+suicide&rft.date=%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AA+%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Ftyne%2F2974083.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Sulivan, Anne (१६ सेप्टेम्बर २००७), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenewsherald.com/articles/2007/09/16/localnews/20070916-archive6.txt">"Man kills himself with guillotine"</a>, <i>The News Herald</i> (Tennessee)<span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०१६</span>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&rft.atitle=Man+kills+himself+with+guillotine&rft.au=Sulivan%2C+Anne&rft.aulast=Sulivan%2C+Anne&rft.date=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AD&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+News+Herald&rft.place=Tennessee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsherald.com%2Farticles%2F2007%2F09%2F16%2Flocalnews%2F20070916-archive6.txt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="वेब्याक मेसिन">वेब्याक मेसिन</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819084547/http://www.thenewsherald.com/articles/2007/09/16/localnews/20070916-archive6.txt">अभिलेखिकरण</a> १९ अगस्ट २०१६ मिति</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Staglin, Douglas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2010/06/russian-suicide-homemade-guillotine/1">"Russian engineer commits suicide with homemade guillotine"</a>, <i>USA Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०१६</span>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&rft.atitle=Russian+engineer+commits+suicide+with+homemade+guillotine&rft.au=Staglin%2C+Douglas&rft.aulast=Staglin%2C+Douglas&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.usatoday.com%2Fcommunities%2Fondeadline%2Fpost%2F2010%2F06%2Frussian-suicide-homemade-guillotine%2F1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Buncomber, Andrew (३ डिसेम्बर १९९९), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102072251/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/guillotine-used-for-suicide-1126857.html">"Guillotine used for suicide"</a>, <i>The Independent</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/guillotine-used-for-suicide-1126857.html">मूल</a>बाट २ जनवरी २०१७-मा सङ्ग्रहित<span class="reference-accessdate">, अन्तिम पहुँच ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०१६</span>।</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fne.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&rft.atitle=Guillotine+used+for+suicide&rft.au=Buncomber%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Buncomber%2C+Andrew&rft.date=%E0%A5%A9+%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fguillotine-used-for-suicide-1126857.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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