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INTERVIEW | 'Our microwave-based turquoise hydrogen technology is more energy- and cost-efficient than any electrolyser' | Hydrogen Insight
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href="https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/innovation" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="Innovation" class="dn-link pill tag" data-v-8c016434><!--[--><!----><span class="text" data-v-8c016434>Innovation</span><!--]--></a></div><!--[--><h1 class="dn-headline title" data-v-7383efc4><!--[-->INTERVIEW | 'Our microwave-based turquoise hydrogen technology is more energy- and cost-efficient than any electrolyser'<!--]--></h1><!--]--><p class="lead">Aurora Hydrogen says its methane pyrolysis method can produce H2 at $1.50/kg — without revenue from carbon by-product</p><figure class="dn-image default article-top-image" data-load="eager"><picture class="ratio-3x2"><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><source type="webp" srcset="https://images.dngroup.com/image/eyJ3Ijo5ODAsImsiOiJmMzA5MmQ2OGQwNzg4ZmFmNzJkZmY3MmM0NzkyOTc4ZiIsImYiOiJ3ZWJwIiwiY3JvcCI6WzAsNDYyLDE2MDAsMTA2OF0sInIiOjEuNSwibyI6Imdsb2JhbCJ9"><!--]--><!--[--><source type="jpeg" srcset="https://images.dngroup.com/image/eyJ3Ijo5ODAsImsiOiJmMzA5MmQ2OGQwNzg4ZmFmNzJkZmY3MmM0NzkyOTc4ZiIsImYiOiJqcGVnIiwiY3JvcCI6WzAsNDYyLDE2MDAsMTA2OF0sInIiOjEuNSwibyI6Imdsb2JhbCJ9"><!--]--><!--]--><img alt="Andrew Gillis, CEO of Aurora Hydrogen." loading="eager" src="https://images.dngroup.com/image/eyJ3Ijo5ODAsImsiOiJmMzA5MmQ2OGQwNzg4ZmFmNzJkZmY3MmM0NzkyOTc4ZiIsImYiOiJ3ZWJwIiwiY3JvcCI6WzAsNDYyLDE2MDAsMTA2OF0sInIiOjEuNSwibyI6Imdsb2JhbCJ9" fetchpriority="high"><!--]--></picture><figcaption><span class="caption-below-image">Andrew Gillis, CEO of Aurora Hydrogen.</span><span class="credit">Photo: Aurora Hydrogen</span></figcaption></figure><div class="dn-meta-data"><!--[--><!--[--><div class="dn-bylines-column" data-list><div class="dn-byline"><!--[--><!--]--><div class="author-content"><div class="author"><ul class="author-list"><!--[--><li data-info-comma="," data-info-and="and"><!--[--><a href="mailto:polly.martin@hydrogeninsight.com" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="Polly Martin" class="dn-link" data-v-8c016434><!--[--><!----><span class="text" data-v-8c016434>Polly Martin</span><!--]--></a><!--]--><!----></li><!--]--></ul><!--[--><div class="author-subtle"><span>Senior Reporter</span><!----></div><!--]--></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><span></span></div><!--]--><div class="dn-published-and-buttons" data-list="reverse"></div><div class="dn-published-and-buttons" data-list="reverse"></div><span></span><!--]--></div><!--]--></div><div class="dn-content" data-zone="article-body"><!----><!--[--><script type="text/javascript"> if (!window.Zephr) window.Zephr = {}; if (!window.Zephr.outcomes) window.Zephr.outcomes = {}; window.Zephr.outcomes['hide-seo'] = { featureLabel: 'Hide SEO', outcomeId: 'transformation/1#1', outcomeLabel: 'Remove' }; </script> <span></span><!--]--></div></article><div style="" class="dn-below-article-interaction" data-zone="article-bottom"><div class="action" data-list><div class="meta-info"><span class="dn-date-time published" data-datetime="2024-08-20T07:20:00+00:00" data-v-ea974056>Published 20 August 2024, 07:20</span><span class="dn-date-time updated" data-datetime="2024-08-20T07:22:05+00:00" data-v-ea974056>Updated 20 August 2024, 07:22</span></div><!--[--><a href="https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/tag/Turquoise_H2" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="Turquoise H2" class="dn-link pill tag" data-v-8c016434><!--[--><!----><span class="text" data-v-8c016434>Turquoise H2</span><!--]--></a><a href="https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/tag/Canada" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="Canada" class="dn-link pill tag" data-v-8c016434><!--[--><!----><span class="text" data-v-8c016434>Canada</span><!--]--></a><a href="https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/tag/Americas" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="Americas" class="dn-link pill tag" data-v-8c016434><!--[--><!----><span class="text" data-v-8c016434>Americas</span><!--]--></a><a href="https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/tag/US" rel="noopener noreferrer" title="US" class="dn-link pill 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10.363-3.904l-.62-3.102a37.2 37.2 0 0 0-10.535 3.825"></path></svg><!--]--></a><!----></div><p>Hydrogen Insight is part of DN Media Group. To read more about DN Media Group, <a href="https://www.dngroup.com/"> click here</a>. </p><!--]--></div></footer></footer><!--]--><!--]--></div><script type="text/javascript"> if (!window.Zephr) window.Zephr = {}; if (!window.Zephr.outcomes) window.Zephr.outcomes = {}; window.Zephr.outcomes['dn-internal-users'] = { featureLabel: 'DN Internal Users', outcomeId: 'transformation/2', outcomeLabel: 'DN Non Internal Users' }; </script> <div id="teleports"></div><script type="application/json" data-nuxt-data="nuxt-app" data-ssr="true" id="__NUXT_DATA__">[["ShallowReactive",1],{"data":2,"state":4,"once":14,"_errors":15,"serverRendered":8,"path":17,"pinia":18},["ShallowReactive",3],{},["Reactive",5],{"$scolor-mode":6,"$snuxt-i18n-meta":10,"$svue-query":11},{"preference":7,"value":7,"unknown":8,"forced":9},"dark",true,false,{},{"mutations":12,"queries":13},[],[],["Set"],["ShallowReactive",16],{},"/innovation/interview-our-microwave-based-turquoise-hydrogen-technology-is-more-energy-and-cost-efficient-than-any-electrolyser/2-1-1694065",["Reactive",19],{"commonStore":20,"articlesStore":25,"profileLoginStore":381},{"isAppView":21,"previousRouteName":23},["EmptyRef",22],"false",["EmptyRef",24],"\"\"",{"currentArticle":26,"loading":377,"articleBodyWithoutInjectElements":378},["Ref",27],["Reactive",28],{"api":29,"id":30,"title":31,"originalTitle":31,"dataLayout":32,"type":33,"subType":33,"state":34,"excludeFromNews":9,"intro":35,"canonicalSlug":17,"publishedAt":36,"firstPublishedAt":37,"updatedAt":36,"leadAsset":38,"body":61,"bodyLength":325,"byline":326,"metadata":338,"tags":345,"categories":364,"relatedCompanies":370,"publication":371,"imagePosition":375,"accessLevel":376,"mobileImagePosition":375},"global-article","2-1-1694065","INTERVIEW | 'Our microwave-based turquoise hydrogen technology is more energy- and cost-efficient than any electrolyser'","text-first","news","published","Aurora Hydrogen says its methane pyrolysis method can produce H2 at $1.50/kg — without revenue from carbon by-product","2024-08-20T07:22:05Z","2024-08-20T07:20:00Z",{"type":39,"src":40,"caption":41,"credit":42,"imageCrops":43,"pointOfInterest":54},"picture","https://images-global.nhst.tech/image/NEZ4VVRXWnlkODZNczhmeVVwNUpaUVgrWEN1c3gvRis5VXFDSE8yUlBIRT0=/nhst/binary/f3092d68d0788faf72dff72c4792978f","Andrew Gillis, CEO of Aurora Hydrogen.","Photo: Aurora Hydrogen",{"2x1":44,"free":49,"3x2":51},[45,46,47,48],0,558,1600,801,[45,45,47,50],2400,[45,52,47,53],462,1068,{"originalWidth":47,"originalHeight":50,"x":55,"y":56,"width":57,"height":58,"centerX":59,"centerY":60},0.17625,0.194167,0.61625,0.410833,0.484375,0.399583,[62,65,67,69,96,98,100,102,112,114,118,120,122,144,146,148,151,153,155,157,178,180,182,184,186,206,208,210,212,233,235,237,239,241,243,245,266,268,270,272,294,296,298,300,319,321,323],{"type":63,"html":64},"text","Canada's Aurora Hydrogen is one of many in the “turquoise” H\u003Csub>2\u003C/sub> space, aiming to produce zero-carbon hydrogen from methane pyrolysis, which generates solid carbon as a by-product rather than CO\u003Csub>2\u003C/sub> emissions.",{"type":63,"html":66},"But each turquoise hydrogen company has its own spin on how it heats up methane in the absence of oxygen.",{"type":63,"html":68},"Aurora’s is that it uses microwaves to superheat the molecule, which the firm claims uses 80% less electricity than electrolysis of water — making it less costly and, depending on the use of grid power, potentially cleaner.",{"type":70,"header":71,"items":72},"related","",[73],{"type":33,"id":74,"title":75,"url":76,"accessLevel":77,"picture":78},"2-1-1692679","Canada to funnel $200m in subsidies for green hydrogen exports to Germany through H2Global","https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/production/canada-to-funnel-200m-in-subsidies-for-green-hydrogen-exports-to-germany-through-h2global/2-1-1692679","open",{"type":39,"src":79,"caption":80,"credit":81,"imageCrops":82,"pointOfInterest":91},"https://images-global.nhst.tech/image/V2pvS2dua1JFUVphWkdUSTdBcm9sV3ViUW1xQmFNSmJyUTZuaUszQ0hBUT0=/nhst/binary/8da4845c4030f33e609eec48511f0f71","Canada's minister of energy and natural resources, Jonathan Wilkinson at July's hydrogen funding announcement.","Photo: H2Global",{"2x1":83,"free":86,"3x2":88},[45,84,47,85],200,798,[45,45,47,87],1200,[45,89,47,90],71,1061,{"originalWidth":47,"originalHeight":87,"x":92,"y":45,"width":93,"height":94,"centerX":95,"centerY":95},0.125,0.75,1,0.5,{"type":63,"html":97},"The company’s process uses less than 10 kilowatt-hours of electricity input per kilogram of hydrogen produced. Meanwhile, the most efficient electrolyser technology yet announced — from Australian start-up Hysata — requires 41.5kWh/kgH\u003Csub>2\u003C/sub>.",{"type":63,"html":99},"“The bonds in water are very strong, so it takes a lot of energy to break those bonds apart, whereas the bonds in methane are pretty weak, so it’s fairly easy to break those apart,” Andrew Gillis, CEO of Aurora, explains to \u003Ci>Hydrogen Insight. \u003C/i>“So fundamentally, methane pyrolysis ought to be a lot less energy intensive than water electrolysis.” ",{"type":63,"html":101},"The process is also expected to improve on other turquoise hydrogen production methods, he adds.",{"type":103,"promoboxType":104,"template":105,"view":71,"design":106,"title":107,"selectedImage":108,"hideImage":9,"text":109,"buttonLabel":110,"url":111},"promobox","feature,news","Accelerate Hydrogen - Hydrogen Insight","green","Stay ahead on hydrogen with our free newsletter","https://static1.dn.no/promobox/2023/06/30/01/54/01/a394ba3c-fddb-9ce9-401f-927ab32716be.jpg","Keep up with the latest developments in the international hydrogen industry with the free Accelerate Hydrogen newsletter.\n\nSign up now for an unbiased, clear-sighted view of the fast-growing hydrogen sector.","Sign up now","https://rechargenews.us1.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=9ce2040dca4d38f9282025975&id=1c1e9d119f",{"type":63,"html":113},"“In the sphere of methane pyrolysis, we still think we're somewhere around 30% more efficient than even the next most efficient methane pyrolysis process,” Gillis claims, citing molten metal or molten salt catalysed processes as the next most promising pathway.",{"type":115,"injected":8,"id":116,"label":117,"minHeight":-1,"class":-1},"ad","hydrogen_netboard-article-1","Article continues below the advert",{"type":63,"html":119},"But how much does the process actually cost? A common critique of turquoise hydrogen start-ups is that their estimates for extremely cheap H\u003Csub>2\u003C/sub> depend on the cost of production being offset by the price at which they can sell solid carbon on the market.",{"type":63,"html":121},"Gillis estimates the process costs C$2 ($1.47) per kilogram of hydrogen produced—regardless of whether or not the carbon by-product is ever sold, although he does anticipate it could present an opportunity for additional revenue.",{"type":70,"header":71,"items":123},[124],{"type":33,"id":125,"title":126,"url":127,"accessLevel":77,"picture":128},"2-1-1690536","Australian turquoise hydrogen pilot passes ten-day mark of continuous 24/7 operation","https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/production/australian-turquoise-hydrogen-pilot-passes-ten-day-mark-of-continuous-24-7-operation/2-1-1690536",{"type":39,"src":129,"caption":130,"credit":131,"imageCrops":132,"pointOfInterest":141},"https://images-global.nhst.tech/image/MUZnaytibWUwelFUVVBUd09zODhjTmE5cTRtemFrUWFBSVNINUMvZ20xZz0=/nhst/binary/d480f9b45ece174862dda1c9e4e5395c","Hazer's commercial demonstration plant near Perth, Western Australia.","Photo: Hazer Group",{"2x1":133,"free":136,"3x2":138},[45,134,47,135],47,800,[45,45,47,137],896,[139,45,140,137],128,1342,{"originalWidth":47,"originalHeight":137,"x":142,"y":45,"width":143,"height":94,"centerX":95,"centerY":95},0.22,0.56,{"type":63,"html":145},"“We produce a very unique carbon product that we think is much more widely applicable than the carbon black carbon dust typically produced by methane pyrolysis. We actually produce a granular carbon sand because of our novel heating method,” he says.",{"type":63,"html":147},"This can be used as a feedstock for synthetic graphite and graphene, but could also be used for carburisation of green steel or to replace mineral sand in concrete and asphalt.",{"type":149,"value":150},"subhead","Where will the hydrogen be used?",{"type":63,"html":152},"Companies that already produce grey hydrogen have already expressed interest in Aurora’s technology, either to replace steam methane reforming units, or to add zero-emissions production capacity.",{"type":115,"injected":8,"id":154,"label":117,"minHeight":-1,"class":-1},"hydrogen_netboard-article-2",{"type":63,"html":156},"Gillis concedes that retrofitting existing steam methane reforming facilities with carbon capture equipment for the production of blue hydrogen would be cheaper than investing in a new facility equipped with Aurora’s production technology.",{"type":70,"header":71,"items":158},[159],{"type":33,"id":160,"title":161,"url":162,"accessLevel":77,"picture":163},"2-1-1681796","US Steel and Bill Gates-backed start-up announce pilot clean steel project with integrated turquoise hydrogen production","https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/innovation/us-steel-and-bill-gates-backed-start-up-announce-pilot-clean-steel-project-with-integrated-turquoise-hydrogen-production/2-1-1681796",{"type":39,"src":164,"caption":165,"credit":166,"imageCrops":167,"pointOfInterest":175},"https://images-global.nhst.tech/image/Z2JwZmllL1BhWEpSNXFHSkR2OTlldTVkUVBscy9hVVRDOHFscDZjQVVRMD0=/nhst/binary/077b7563b58b294d98cdd9d5c51d88b8","A Molten Industries reactor that cracks methane, in the absence of air, into hydrogen and solid carbon.","Photo: Molten Industries",{"2x1":168,"free":170,"3x2":172},[45,169,47,135],204,[45,45,47,171],1184,[45,173,47,174],60,1065,{"originalWidth":47,"originalHeight":171,"x":176,"y":45,"width":177,"height":94,"centerX":95,"centerY":95},0.13,0.74,{"type":63,"html":179},"But he raises that, given capture rates for CCS-enabled SMRs, this would only result in the abatement of up to 75% emissions.",{"type":63,"html":181},"“There's still maybe a case for decommissioning existing grey hydrogen production and moving to methane pyrolysis, for example, but it may require a little bit more of an aggressive carbon price environment,” he adds.",{"type":63,"html":183},"Gillis, who had previously worked in the Canadian mining and oil industries, also expects that fuel cell-powered heavy vehicles will be a major demand centre for turquoise hydrogen technology, with early interest from across the value chain, including truck manufacturers, refuelling station operators, and logistics firms.",{"type":63,"html":185},"“If there's an opportunity to electrify a vehicle or a mobile asset, that it makes sense to do that, but there are cases where it doesn't,” he says, noting that heavy-duty vehicles in particular are meant to be operated with extremely high utilisation rates, limiting how long they can spend at a charge-point.",{"type":70,"header":71,"items":187},[188],{"type":33,"id":189,"title":190,"url":191,"accessLevel":77,"picture":192},"2-1-1532726","Will green hydrogen's high cost prevent it from being used where it will reduce the most emissions?","https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/industrial/will-green-hydrogens-high-cost-prevent-it-from-being-used-where-it-will-reduce-the-most-emissions-/2-1-1532726",{"type":39,"src":193,"caption":194,"credit":195,"imageCrops":196},"https://images-global.nhst.tech/image/YlAzbE1DamcrL041SGl3aVlvcUd3eEZqenpZalNOdnY0U2VKL0RFamdIbz0=/nhst/binary/a0266f14eb808a651e850099095c8605","Margaux Moore, head of the energy transition group at Trafigura, speaking during World Hydrogen Week in Rotterdam.","Photo: World Hydrogen Leaders",{"5x7":197,"2x1":200,"free":202,"3x2":203},[198,45,199,53],420,754,[45,45,47,201],799,[45,45,47,53],[204,45,205,53],4,1595,{"type":63,"html":207},"“We do believe that we can be cost-competitive, if not cost-advantaged, relative to diesel, without any policy or incentives,” he says, noting that in Alberta, the fuel currently costs the equivalent of C$8/kg of H\u003Csub>2\u003C/sub> at the pump — which Gillis is confident Aurora can undercut at a C$2/kg production cost.",{"type":63,"html":209},"However, he points out that natural gas in North America is extremely cheap, making it unlikely that any clean H\u003Csub>2\u003C/sub> will displace gas directly in this market without policy incentives such as a carbon tax.",{"type":63,"html":211},"Aurora is currently in the midst of constructing a demonstration plant in Alberta, Canada capable of producing between 150 and 200 kilograms of hydrogen per day, which Gillis estimates would be enough to supply fuel for ten fuel-cell buses.",{"type":70,"header":71,"items":213},[214],{"type":33,"id":215,"title":216,"url":217,"accessLevel":77,"picture":218},"2-1-1586206","Construction begins at Europe’s largest turquoise hydrogen facility","https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/production/construction-begins-at-europe-s-largest-turquoise-hydrogen-facility/2-1-1586206",{"type":39,"src":219,"caption":220,"credit":221,"imageCrops":222,"pointOfInterest":229},"https://images-global.nhst.tech/image/NEZ4VVRXWnlkODZNczhmeVVwNUpaWlhUWmlvL1haQ3Y5QUdwZGlBN2NMRT0=/nhst/binary/aa5da8fa5284e55cdd2541c0a71a2cc2","Hycamite's team at the launch of construction for its turquoise hydrogen facility at the Kokkola Industrial Park.","Photo: Hycamite",{"5x7":223,"2x1":225,"free":227,"3x2":228},[45,89,47,224],2256,[45,226,47,201],986,[45,45,47,50],[45,201,47,53],{"originalWidth":47,"originalHeight":50,"x":45,"y":230,"width":94,"height":231,"centerX":95,"centerY":232},0.165,0.666667,0.498333,{"type":63,"html":234},"The company plans to scale up to a commercial scale of two to three tonnes per day, drawing on information from operating the test plant, before the end of 2025.",{"type":63,"html":236},"In July, the start-up secured more than C$4m in funding from Natural Resources Canada and the NGIF Accelerator. Gillis confirmed that Aurora has to date collected almost C$14m in public funding from federal and provincial government programmes for its demonstration plant, with another US$10m raised during the firm’s Series A call, which was led by Energy Innovation Capital.",{"type":63,"html":238},"Other companies that have taken an equity interest in Aurora include Chevron, Shell and fossil gas distributor Williams.",{"type":149,"value":240},"Existing infrastructure",{"type":63,"html":242},"Critics of blue hydrogen and other methods of production that still use natural gas as a feedstock have argued that even if all CO\u003Csub>2\u003C/sub> emissions were captured while making H\u003Csub>2\u003C/sub>, these would still come with upstream methane emissions and lock countries into continued use of fossil fuels.",{"type":63,"html":244},"Methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than CO\u003Csub>2\u003C/sub>, albeit shorter-lived in the atmosphere, which has prompted environmental scientists to raise the alarm that expanding the use of fossil gas-based hydrogen could intensify climate impacts.",{"type":70,"header":71,"items":246},[247],{"type":33,"id":248,"title":249,"url":250,"accessLevel":77,"picture":251},"2-1-1601621","'Blue hydrogen could be beneficial or disastrous for the climate, depending on how accurately lifecycle emissions are measured'","https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/production/blue-hydrogen-could-be-beneficial-or-disastrous-for-the-climate-depending-on-how-accurately-lifecycle-emissions-are-measured/2-1-1601621",{"type":39,"src":252,"caption":253,"credit":254,"imageCrops":255,"pointOfInterest":263},"https://images-global.nhst.tech/image/L0ZHYUVOaFdabDFBTFRRUnpTSmxZZGE5cTRtemFrUWFBSVNINUMvZ20xZz0=/nhst/binary/94ac205fe6024d33e4e58ce2ece4edb2","Projection of the Stanlow blue hydrogen project in the UK","Photo: Hynet",{"2x1":256,"3x2":259},[45,257,47,258],105,797,[260,45,261,262],43,1508,1004,{"originalWidth":47,"originalHeight":262,"x":264,"y":45,"width":265,"height":94,"centerX":95,"centerY":95},0.18625,0.6275,{"type":63,"html":267},"However, Gillis pushes back on this criticism, arguing that lower scope-two emissions from electricity consumption balance out emissions from sourcing natural gas.",{"type":63,"html":269},"“We do believe that because of the efficiency of the process, even when you take into account upstream methane emissions, we have a much lower CO\u003Csub>2\u003C/sub>[e] footprint per kilogram of hydrogen than any other pathway,” he says.",{"type":63,"html":271},"Beyond this, Gillis argues that rather than rescuing otherwise-stranded assets for the oil and gas industry, the fact that gas pipelines and storage facilities already traverse Europe and North America represents a major cost-saving for blue or turquoise hydrogen developers.",{"type":70,"header":71,"items":273},[274],{"type":33,"id":275,"title":276,"url":277,"accessLevel":77,"picture":278},"2-1-1691130","Fluxys triples planned hydrogen pipeline spend to €2bn in new nine-year investment plan","https://www.hydrogeninsight.com/policy/fluxys-triples-planned-hydrogen-pipeline-spend-to-2bn-in-new-nine-year-investment-plan/2-1-1691130",{"type":39,"src":279,"caption":280,"credit":281,"imageCrops":282,"pointOfInterest":289},"https://images-global.nhst.tech/image/a1JKVXFYQW9USGcwQXZVOEJ2L2ljYjJ5SFRWek8vZ0xoQ0g5dTVRZEsyOD0=/nhst/binary/511c90125379276c2917269aea183d44","Pascal De Buck, CEO of Fluxys.","Photo: Fluxys",{"2x1":283,"free":285,"3x2":286},[45,284,47,135],209,[45,45,47,47],[45,287,47,288],100,1066,{"originalWidth":47,"originalHeight":47,"x":290,"y":45,"width":291,"height":291,"centerX":292,"centerY":293},0.14,0.76625,0.523125,0.383125,{"type":63,"html":295},"“There's another side to that coin that, instead of thinking of it as being locked into 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