Education : Center for Global Development : Research Topics

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://cgdev.org/section/topics/education/","20111109111914","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1320837554"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <title>Education : Center for Global Development : Research Topics</title> <meta name="description" content="Independent research and practical ideas for global prosperity."/> <meta name="keywords" content=""/> <meta name="copyright" content="Center for Global Development"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914im_/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/wp-content/themes/cgd-blogs_new/images/cgd-logo.png"/> <link rel="icon" href="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/images/cgd_favicon.gif" type="image/gif"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20111109111914cs_/http://cgdev.org/layout/style.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20111109111914cs_/http://cgdev.org/layout/profile_style.css"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20111109111914cs_/http://cgdev.org/jquery/thickbox/thickbox.css"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20111109111914js_/http://cgdev.org/jquery/jquery-1.3.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20111109111914js_/http://cgdev.org/jquery/thickbox/thickbox.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function() { jQuery("#home-blog ul").each(function() { jQuery(this).find("li:first a").css({"font-size": "17px", "font-weight": "bold"}); jQuery(this).find("li:last").css({"border-bottom": "0"}); }); jQuery("#sidebar ul").each(function() { jQuery(this).find("li:first a").css({"font-size": "14px", "font-weight": "bold"}); jQuery(this).find("li:last").css({"border-bottom": "0"}); }); jQuery("#home-in-the-news li:first a").css({"font-size": "17px", "font-weight": "bold"}); jQuery("#home-in-the-news li:last").css({"border-bottom": "0"}); jQuery("#home-multimedia li:first a").css({"font-size": "17px", "font-weight": "bold"}); jQuery("#home-multimedia li:last").css({"border-bottom": "0"}); jQuery(".tab").click(function() { jQuery(this).parent().find(".tab").removeClass("active"); jQuery(this).parent().parent().find(".tab-box").hide(); var active_box = jQuery(this).attr("rel"); jQuery(this).parent().parent().find(".tab-box."+active_box).show(); jQuery(this).addClass("active"); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery('#slideshow_alumni').fadeSlideShow({ height:100, interval:4000, PlayPauseElement:false, NextElement:false, PrevElement:false, ListElement:false }); }); </script> </head> <body class="section topics education"> <div id="header"> <div id="header-inner"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td width="185"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/cgd-logo.png" alt="CGD"/></a> </td> <td valign="bottom"> <div id="tagline">Independent research & practical ideas for global prosperity</div> </td> <td align="right"> <div id="header-nav"> <a style="font-weight: normal;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about/">About Us</a>   |   <a style="font-weight: normal;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about/onthehill/">On the Hill</a>   |   <a style="font-weight: normal;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about/presscenter/">Press Center</a>   |   <a style="font-weight: normal;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about_enews/">Subscribe</a>   |   <a style="font-weight: normal;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about/donate/">Invest</a> </div> <div id="search-bar"> <form method="get" action="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/search"> <input name="q" id="search-input" value="Search" onclick="this.value=''"/> <input type="submit" id="search-btn" value=""/> </form> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div id="navbar"> <div id="navbar-inner"> <ul id="topnav"> <li class="nav_home"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/" class="nav_item"><span>Home</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_topics selected"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics" class="nav_item"><span>Topics</span></a> <div class="menu"> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/aid_effectiveness">Aid Effectiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/capitalflows">Capital Flows/Financial Crises</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/climate_change">Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/debt">Debt Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/economicgrowth">Economic Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/finance">Finance</a></li> </ul> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/food_and_agriculture">Food and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/fragile_states">Fragile States</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/global_health">Global Health Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/governance">Governance/Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/inequality">Inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/ifi">International Financial Institutions</a></li> </ul> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/migration">Migration and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/population">Population and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/privateinvest">Private Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/regions">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics/trade">Trade</a></li> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav_initiatives"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives" class="nav_item"><span>Initiatives</span></a> <div class="menu"> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a style="color: #FFFFFF;font-weight: bold;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives">Active Initiatives</a></li><hr style="margin: 0 0 8px 0;"> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/cdi">2011 Commitment to Development Index</a></li> <li><a target="_new" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.carma.org/">Carbon Monitoring for Action (CARMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/codaid">Cash on Delivery (COD) Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/drugresistanceglobalhealth">Combating Drug Resistance</a></li> </ul> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/revenues_distribution">Fighting the Resource Curse through Cash Transfers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/forestmonitoringforactionforma">Forest Monitoring for Action (FORMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/migration_data_commission">Improving Migration Data</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/migration_tool_disaster_recovery">Migration as a Tool for Disaster Recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/pakistan">Pakistan: U.S. Development Strategy in Pakistan</a></li> </ul> <ul class="sub_nav"> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/preventingodiousobligations">Preventing Odious Obligations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/reformingtradepreferences">Reforming Trade Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/assistance">Rethinking U.S. Foreign Assistance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/worldbank">The Future of the World Bank</a></li> <hr style="margin: 8px 0 0 0;"> <li><a style="color: #FFFFFF;font-weight: bold;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives?itype=completed">Completed Initiatives</a></li> <div class="clear"> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav_publications"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/publications" class="nav_item"><span>Publications</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_blogs"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/opinions/blogs" class="nav_item"><span>Blogs</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_experts"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/experts" class="nav_item"><span>Experts</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_events"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/events" class="nav_item"><span>Events</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_teach_learn"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/for_educators" class="nav_item"><span>For Educators</span></a> </li> <li class="nav_opinions"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/impact" class="nav_item"><span>Impact</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="container">     <style> .icon_class { display: inline; position: relative; top: -2px; } </style>  <div id="breadcrumb" style="height: 30px;"> <div style="float:right"> <div style="display: inline; right:-10px;top: 5px; position: relative;"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-count="horizontal" data-via="CGDev">Tweet</a><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914js_/http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script>       <div class="icon_class" style="position: relative; top: -3px;"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914js_/http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"></script><fb:like layout="button_count" width="90" font="arial"></fb:like></div>  </div> <a href="javascript:print()"><img style="vertical-align:bottom" src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-print.png" title="Print" alt="Print"/> Print</a>     <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.addtoany.com/share_save"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914im_/http://static.addtoany.com/buttons/favicon.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Share/Bookmark"/> Share</a><script type="text/javascript">a2a_linkname=document.title;a2a_linkurl=location.href;</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914js_/http://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script> </div> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/"> Home</a> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/breadcrumb-arrow.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/topics"> Research Topics</a> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/breadcrumb-arrow.png" alt=""/> Education <div class="clear"></div> </div> <h1 class="title"> Education </h1>  <script type="text/javascript"> function toggleOverview() { var thetxt = jQuery(".toggle").html(); if ("Read More" == thetxt) { thetxt = "Read Less"; pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'read more click'); } else { thetxt = "Read More"; } jQuery(".content-trimmed").toggle(); jQuery(".content-full").toggle(); jQuery(".toggle").html(thetxt); } </script> <table style="width:100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td id="section-content" valign="top">  <div id="featured"> <img class="img-left-big" src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/files/485_image2_education.jpg" alt=""/> <div class="content-trimmed"><p>Recognizing that education is a lynchpin of development, CGD investigates promising new approaches for rich countries to improve education outcomes in the poorer world. CGD research in this area focuses on the benefits of educating girls, the effectiveness of global education programs, strategies for achieving universal primary education, and the potential application of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/codaid">Cash on Delivery (COD) aid</a> to the education sector.</p> </div> <div class="content-full" style="display:none"><p>Recognizing that education is a lynchpin of development, CGD investigates promising new approaches for rich countries to improve education outcomes in the poorer world. CGD research in this area focuses on the benefits of educating girls, the effectiveness of global education programs, strategies for achieving universal primary education, and the potential application of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/codaid">Cash on Delivery (COD) aid</a> to the education sector.</p>  <p>Work includes the following:</p> <ul> <li><u><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/codaid">Cash on Delivery Aid</a></u>, a proposal by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/483/">Nancy Birdsall</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/16573/">Bill Savedoff</a> for donors to pay for measurable progress on specific outcomes pre-agreed with recipient governments. The book <em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.amazon.com/Cash-Delivery-Approach-Application-Schooling/dp/1933286369/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1266425453&sr=1-1">Cash on Delivery: A New Approach to Foreign Aid with an Application to Primary Schooling</a></em> will be published in 2010.</li> <li>A report by Ruth Levine and colleagues entitled <u><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/15154">Girls Count: A Global Investment & Action Agenda</a></u> explains why and how to initiate effective investments to empower adolescent girls in developing countries.</li> <li>Research led by <u><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1420998/">Desmond Bermingham</a></u> on aid effectiveness in the education sector looks particularly at the Education for All–Fast Track Initiative, including his paper, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1423802/">Reviving the Global Education Compact: Four Options for Global Education Funding</a>.</li> <li><u><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/967261">Aid for Education: More Bang for the Buck</a>, </u>a chapter by Kate Vyborny and Nancy Birdsall in <u><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/16560">The White House and the World</a></u> urges the United States to support a significant international effort to expand high-quality primary schooling in low-income countries.</li> <li><u><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/11898/">Inexcusable Absence</a></u> by Maureen Lewis and <u><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/5206/">Marlaine Lockheed</a></u> highlights that nearly three-quarters of the 60 million girls not in school belong to ethnic, religious, linguistic, racial, or other minorities. It draws on detailed analysis to offer concrete proposals for new policies and programs that directly address this exclusion.</li> <li><u><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/14466/">Exclusion, Gender and Education: Case Studies from the Developing World</a>,</u> a companion volume to <em>Inexcusable Absence,</em> analyzes the determinants of school enrollment, completion, and learning in seven countries to increase understanding of impediments to universal primary education.</li> </ul></div> <div><a style="float:right" class="more-link toggle" href="javascript:;" onclick="toggleOverview();">Read More</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div id="tabbed-navigation"> <div class="tabs"> <span class="tab newest active" rel="newest" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'newest');">Newest</span> <span class="tab popular" rel="popular" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'popular');">Popular</span> <span class="tab" rel="publications" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'publications');">Publications</span> <span class="tab" rel="experts" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'experts');">Experts</span> <span class="tab" rel="research" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'initiatives');">Initiatives</span>  <span class="tab" rel="multimedia" onmousedown="pageTracker._trackEvent('topic_page', 'tab click', 'multimedia');">Multimedia</span> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="tab-box newest active"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425591_image_zipped_file.png&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425591">Data Set for Working Paper 271: "Why Did Abolishing Fees Not Increase Public School Enrollment in Kenya?"</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 31, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>This set includes the household survey data, standardized test score data, and the Stata files to replicate the results in CGD Working Paper 271, "Why Did Abolishing Fees Not Increase Public School Enrollment in Kenya?"</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425590_image_Sandefur_Kenya_fees.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425590">Why Did Abolishing Fees Not Increase Public School Enrollment in Kenya?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 31, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Previous studies suggest that abolishing user fees would increase enrollment in public schools, but the results of this research show that the opposite is true in Kenya.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425011_image_Bermingham_Avert_Education_Crisis.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425011">Averting the Looming Global Education Crisis (Open Letter to Nancy Birdsall)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 18, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Desmond Bermingham recaps the consensus from a CGD discussion about what to do about a hidden crisis in global education. He offers his top-12 tasks for delivery on global commitment to give all children a good education.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424863_image_Kenny_solow_cover.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424863">Solow’s Return: Inventions, Ideas, and the Quality of Life</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 27, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>In his latest essay, Charles Kenny seeks to revive Solow's model of exogenous growth; growth driven by the global diffusion of new technologies and ideas. He suggests that when it comes to quality of life improvements, institutions may be less important than exogenous factors, like new vaccines,...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424862_image_Getting_Better_cover.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424862">Getting Better in Pictures</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 25, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Charles Kenny attempts to dispel development pessimists' fears in this essay summarizing his latest book Getting Better: Why Global Development Is Succeeding - And How We can Improve the World Even More (Basic Books). According to Charles, better health, education, greater access to civil and...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424678_image_Kenny_schools_development.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424678">Learning about Schools in Development - Working Paper 236</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 15, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>There are more schools worldwide than ever before, but are children really learning? Charles Kenny investigates the broken link between schools and learning and suggests some proven methods for improving outcomes in education. </p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424423_image_aker_literacy_cover.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424423">ABC, 123: The Impact of a Mobile Phone Literacy Program on Educational Outcomes - Working Paper 223</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 13, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>The results of a randomized evaluation of a mobile phone education program (Project ABC) in Niger suggest that simple and relatively cheap information and communication technology can serve as an effective and sustainable learning tool for rural populations.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424377_image_Leo_MDG_cover_thumb.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424377">Who Are the MDG Trailblazers? A New MDG Progress Index - Working Paper 222</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 23, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>In this working paper, the authors introduce an MDG Progress Index to assess how on or off track countries are toward MDG targets.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424318_image_Cohen_thumbnail.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424318">Beyond Population: Everyone Counts in Development - Working Paper 220</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 26, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>For the first time, the elderly, urban populations, and women of reduced fertility outnumber their counterparts. Joel E. Cohen discusses how changing demographic trends will require a heavier focus on primary and secondary education, reproductive health and demographically sensitive urban planning.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423944_image_Ayah_170x170.JPG&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1423944"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2010/03/09/cash-on-delivery-aid-ayah-mahgoub-on-cod-in-education/">Cash on Delivery Aid: Ayah Mahgoub on COD in Education</a></a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 9, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>I'm joined this week by Ayah Mahgoub, a program coordinator here at the Center for Global Development who works on issues related to the effectiveness of foreign aid. Along with Nancy Birdsall and Bill Savedoff, Ayah is working on designing a new form of development assistance called Cash on...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <ul> </div> <div class="tab-box popular"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/15154_image_girls_count.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/15154">Girls Count: A Global Investment & Action Agenda</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 14, 2008</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p> The wellbeing of adolescent girls in developing countries shapes global economic and social prosperity -- yet girls' needs often are consigned to the margins of development policies and programs. This new report describes why and how to provide adolescent girls in developing countries a full and...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425590_image_Sandefur_Kenya_fees.gif&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425590">Why Did Abolishing Fees Not Increase Public School Enrollment in Kenya?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 31, 2011</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Previous studies suggest that abolishing user fees would increase enrollment in public schools, but the results of this research show that the opposite is true in Kenya.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> </div> <div style=""> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/9815">A Millennium Learning Goal: Measuring Real Progress in Education - Working Paper 97</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 28, 2006</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>The UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) seek to ensure that all children complete primary school by 2015. But school completion rates don't tell us how much--or how little--the kids actually learn. This new working paper co-authored by CGD non-resident fellow Lant Pritchett shows that even in...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/16560_image_hp_potus_cover_thumb.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/16560">The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 22, 2008</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President shows how modest changes in U.S. policies could greatly improve the lives of poor people in developing countries, thus fostering greater stability, security, and prosperity globally and at home. Center for Global...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> </div> <div style=""> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1420910">CGD Special Discussion with David Gergen on Obama's Global Development Policy (Event Video)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 17, 2009</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, editor-at-large at U.S. News & World Report, and a senior political analyst for CNN, David Gergen joined CGD president Nancy Birdsall, and CGD senior fellows who authored essays in our...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> </div> <div style=""> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2844">Education and the Developing World</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 12, 2006</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Given all the other pressing worries, why was education among the issues that G8 leaders discussed at the St. Petersburg Summit? Education and the Developing World, a CGD Rich World/Poor World Brief, explains why investing in education is not just the right thing to do, it's the smart thing to do....</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424377_image_Leo_MDG_cover_thumb.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424377">Who Are the MDG Trailblazers? A New MDG Progress Index - Working Paper 222</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 23, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>In this working paper, the authors introduce an MDG Progress Index to assess how on or off track countries are toward MDG targets.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424423_image_aker_literacy_cover.jpg&w=60&h=60&zc=1" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424423">ABC, 123: The Impact of a Mobile Phone Literacy Program on Educational Outcomes - Working Paper 223</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 13, 2010</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>The results of a randomized evaluation of a mobile phone education program (Project ABC) in Niger suggest that simple and relatively cheap information and communication technology can serve as an effective and sustainable learning tool for rural populations.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> </div> <div style=""> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2749">The Trouble with the MDGs: Confronting Expectations of Aid and Development Success - Working Paper 40</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 1, 2004</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>*REVISED Version September 2004 The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are unlikely to be met by 2015, even if huge increases in development assistance materialize. The rates of progress required by many of the goals are at the edges of or beyond historical precedent. Many countries making...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left"> </div> <div style=""> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/11898">Inexcusable Absence: Why 60 Million Girls Still Aren't In School and What to do About It</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 4, 2007</span> </div> <div class="item-description"><p>Girls' education is widely recognized as crucial to development. Yet there has been surprisingly little hardheaded analysis about what is keeping girls out of school, and how to overcome these barriers. In Inexcusable Absence, Maureen Lewis and Marlaine Lockheed present new research showing that...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box experts"> <ul><ul> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1420998_file_bermingham_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1420998/">Desmond Bermingham</a>, Former Visiting Fellow <div><p>Desmond Bermingham was a visiting fellow at the Center for Global Development from January - September, 2009, conducting research on aid effectiveness and education. As part of his research he worked on a book regarding the lessons learned from his previous years as the Head of the Education for...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/483_file_birdsall170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/483/">Nancy Birdsall</a>, President <div><p>An internationally recognized expert on the impact of rich-country policies on poor people in developing countries, Nancy Birdsall is the author, co-author, or editor of more than a dozen books and over 100 articles in scholarly journals and monographs, published in English and Spanish. She is the...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2701/">James Habyarimana</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>James Habyarimana joined the center in September 2004 just after completing his doctoral studies in development economics at Harvard University. His main research in graduate school touched on the role of public finance in improving educational outcomes in Zambia, the disease environment as a...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2706_file_kremer_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2706/">Michael Kremer</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Michael Kremer is the Gates Professor of Developing Societies in the department of economics at Harvard University, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, and non-resident fellow at the Center for Global Development. Kremer’s recent research examines education and health in developing...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2708_file_levine_web_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2708/">Ruth Levine</a>, Former Vice President for Programs and Operations, and Senior Fellow <div><p>Ruth Levine is an internationally recognized expert on global health and health policy. She is a health economist with more than 15 years of experience designing and assessing the effects of social sector programs in Latin America, Eastern Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. In addition to...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/5206/">Marlaine Lockheed</a>, Former Visiting Fellow <div><p></p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2716_file_pritchett_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2716/">Lant Pritchett</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Lant Pritchett is professor of the Practice of International Development and faculty chair of the Masters in Public Policy in International Development program at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. Prior to returning the Kennedy School, he was lead socio-economist in the social development...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423734/">Raymond Robertson</a>, Non-Resident Fellow <div><p>Raymond Robertson is professor of economics and director of the Latin American Studies program at Macalester College. His research focuses on the effects of globalization on labor markets, particularly in developing countries. Following graduation from Trinity, he spent a year on a Fulbright grant...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424570_file_image_Sandefur.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1424570/">Justin Sandefur</a>, Research Fellow <div><p>Justin Sandefur focuses on the interface of law and development in sub-Saharan Africa. From 2008 to 2010, he served as an adviser to the Tanzanian government to set up the country's National Panel Survey to monitor poverty dynamics and agricultural production. He has also worked on a project with...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/16573_file_image_savedoff_exp.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/16573/">William Savedoff</a>, Senior Fellow <div><p>Bill Savedoff has been working for more than 20 years on economic and social development issues. His work is focused on finding ways to improve the quality of social services in developing countries, with particular attention to incentives, institutions, and political economy. His most recent book...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/8092_file_SJ_Staats_170.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/8092/">Sarah Jane Staats</a>, Director of Policy Outreach <div><p>Sarah Jane Staats is responsible for engaging the development policy community, especially the administration, senior staff in the U.S. Congress, and policy experts in leading development advocacy NGOs, in the Center's research and other programs. This week on the Global Prosperity Wonkcast, she...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul></ul> </div> <div class="tab-box publications"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425591_image_zipped_file.png&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425591/">Data Set for Working Paper 271: "Why Did Abolishing Fees Not Increase Public School Enrollment in Kenya?"</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 31, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This set includes the household survey data, standardized test score data, and the Stata files to replicate the results in CGD Working Paper 271, "Why Did Abolishing Fees Not Increase Public School Enrollment in Kenya?" </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425590_image_Sandefur_Kenya_fees.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425590/">Why Did Abolishing Fees Not Increase Public School Enrollment in Kenya?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Oct 31, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Previous studies suggest that abolishing user fees would increase enrollment in public schools, but the results of this research show that the opposite is true in Kenya. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1425011_image_Bermingham_Avert_Education_Crisis.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425011/">Averting the Looming Global Education Crisis (Open Letter to Nancy Birdsall)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 18, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Desmond Bermingham recaps the consensus from a CGD discussion about what to do about a hidden crisis in global education. He offers his top-12 tasks for delivery on global commitment to give all children a good education. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424863_image_Kenny_solow_cover.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424863/">Solow’s Return: Inventions, Ideas, and the Quality of Life</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 27, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In his latest essay, Charles Kenny seeks to revive Solow's model of exogenous growth; growth driven by the global diffusion of new technologies and ideas. He suggests that when it comes to quality of life improvements, institutions may be less important than exogenous factors, like new vaccines,... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424862_image_Getting_Better_cover.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424862/">Getting Better in Pictures</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 25, 2011</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Charles Kenny attempts to dispel development pessimists' fears in this essay summarizing his latest book Getting Better: Why Global Development Is Succeeding - And How We can Improve the World Even More (Basic Books). According to Charles, better health, education, greater access to civil and... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424678_image_Kenny_schools_development.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424678/">Learning about Schools in Development - Working Paper 236</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 15, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> There are more schools worldwide than ever before, but are children really learning? Charles Kenny investigates the broken link between schools and learning and suggests some proven methods for improving outcomes in education. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424423_image_aker_literacy_cover.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424423/">ABC, 123: The Impact of a Mobile Phone Literacy Program on Educational Outcomes - Working Paper 223</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 13, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The results of a randomized evaluation of a mobile phone education program (Project ABC) in Niger suggest that simple and relatively cheap information and communication technology can serve as an effective and sustainable learning tool for rural populations. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424377_image_Leo_MDG_cover_thumb.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424377/">Who Are the MDG Trailblazers? A New MDG Progress Index - Working Paper 222</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 23, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this working paper, the authors introduce an MDG Progress Index to assess how on or off track countries are toward MDG targets. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424318_image_Cohen_thumbnail.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1424318/">Beyond Population: Everyone Counts in Development - Working Paper 220</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jul 26, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> For the first time, the elderly, urban populations, and women of reduced fertility outnumber their counterparts. Joel E. Cohen discusses how changing demographic trends will require a heavier focus on primary and secondary education, reproductive health and demographically sensitive urban planning. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1423858/">Making 2010 a Watershed Year for Adolescent Girls' Education</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 17, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Cynthia B. Lloyd, Ruth Levine, and Miriam Temin, authors of reports in CGD’s Girls Count series, call on Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO, to push for global and national action to increase the commitment and funding to support adolescent girls’ education. Increasing girls’ chances of... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1423802/">Reviving the Global Education Compact: Four Options for Global Education Funding</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 11, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> In this essay, visiting fellow Desmond Bermingham describes the framework for a better “global education compact” between donor and recipient nations and four possible arrangements to mobilize and allocate development assistance for education. He highlights the advantages and disadvantages of... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1422654.gif&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1422654/">The Illusion of Equality: The Educational Consequences of Blinding Weak States, For Example - Working Paper 178</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 19, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Efforts to decentralize educational systems often arouse fears that the quality of schooling will become less equal as a result. But what’s the evidence? CGD non-resident fellow Lant Pritchett and co-author Martina Viarengo show in a new CGD working paper that the supposedly greater equality of... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1421333/">Schooling Inequality, Crises, and Financial Liberalization in Latin America - Working Paper 165</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 21, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This working paper examines the relationship between high inequality and liberalization of the financial sector in Latin America from 1975 to 2000. Using panel data, the authors find that increases in financial liberalization were associated with bank crises and other domestic and external shocks,... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1421215/">We Don't Need No Education? Why the United States Should Take the Lead on Global Education</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 2, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown and U.S. President Barack Obama are both committed to boosting funding for global education. CGD visiting fellow Desmond Bermingham, the former head of the Education for All–Fast Track Initiative, offers suggestions about making the most of additional U.S.... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1420826/">Pricing and Access: Lessons from Randomized Evaluations in Education and Health - Working Paper 158</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 5, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The debate on user fees in health and education has been contentious, but until recently much of the evidence has been anecdotal. Does charging poor people for health and education services improve or impede access? CGD non-resident fellow Michael Kremer and co-author Alaka Holla survey the... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/16560_image_hp_potus_cover_thumb.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/16560/">The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 22, 2008</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The White House and the World: A Global Development Agenda for the Next U.S. President shows how modest changes in U.S. policies could greatly improve the lives of poor people in developing countries, thus fostering greater stability, security, and prosperity globally and at home. Center for Global... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/16247/">Measuring Progress with Tests of Learning: Pros and Cons for "Cash on Delivery Aid" in Education - Working Paper 147</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 16, 2008</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Improving education has been a central goal of international development for decades, and the best indicators of improvement measure student performance. But can such measurements be used as incentives to stimulate more rapid improvement in education? There are no simple answers to this question... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/15310/">Beyond the ABCs: Higher Education and Developing Countries - Working Paper 139</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 4, 2008</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Although higher education is crucial to development remarkably little is known about what happens within developing country universities. Moreover, while enrollment and budgets are rising, the impact of this growth is unclear. A new CGD working paper by non-resident fellow Devesh Kapur and... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/15154_image_girls_count.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/15154/">Girls Count: A Global Investment & Action Agenda</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 14, 2008</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The wellbeing of adolescent girls in developing countries shapes global economic and social prosperity -- yet girls' needs often are consigned to the margins of development policies and programs. This new report describes why and how to provide adolescent girls in developing countries a full and... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/15050/">Putting the Power of Transparency in Context: Information's Role in Reducing Corruption in Uganda's Education Sector - Working Paper 136</a> <span class="item-date"> - Dec 13, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> One story popular in development circles tells how Uganda slashed corruption simply by publicly disclosing the amount of monthly grants to schools--thus making it harder for officials to siphon off money for their own enrichment. This working paper finds that while the percentage of funds being... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/14466/">Exclusion, Gender and Education: Case Studies from the Developing World</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 24, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Girls have achieved remarkable increases in primary schooling over the past decade, yet millions are still not in school. In Inexcusable Absence, CGD visiting fellows Maureen Lewis and Marlaine Lockheed reported the startling new finding that nearly three-quarters of out-of-school girls belong to... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/13498/">Inexcusable Absence: Why 60 Million Girls Still Aren't in School and What to do About It (Brief)</a> <span class="item-date"> - Apr 16, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Remarkable increases in primary schooling over the past decade have brought gender equity to the education systems of many poor countries. But some 60 million girls are still not attending school. In this CGD brief, non-resident fellow Maureen Lewis and visiting fellow Marlaine Lockheed explain... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/12218/">AIDS Treatment and Intrahousehold Resource Allocations: Children's Nutrition and Schooling in Kenya - Working Paper 105</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 22, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Treating poverty-stricken AIDS patients with antiretrovirals (ARVs) extends their lives and enables them to retun to work. It seems reasonable to expect that their children would benefit, too. Now there is research to support this idea. CGD post-doctoral fellow Harsha Thirumurthy and his co-authors... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/11898/">Inexcusable Absence: Why 60 Million Girls Still Aren't In School and What to do About It</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 4, 2007</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Girls' education is widely recognized as crucial to development. Yet there has been surprisingly little hardheaded analysis about what is keeping girls out of school, and how to overcome these barriers. In Inexcusable Absence, Maureen Lewis and Marlaine Lockheed present new research showing that... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/9815/">A Millennium Learning Goal: Measuring Real Progress in Education - Working Paper 97</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 28, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) seek to ensure that all children complete primary school by 2015. But school completion rates don't tell us how much--or how little--the kids actually learn. This new working paper co-authored by CGD non-resident fellow Lant Pritchett shows that even in... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2844/">Education and the Developing World</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 12, 2006</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Given all the other pressing worries, why was education among the issues that G8 leaders discussed at the St. Petersburg Summit? Education and the Developing World, a CGD Rich World/Poor World Brief, explains why investing in education is not just the right thing to do, it's the smart thing to do.... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/3940/">What's Wrong with the Millennium Development Goals?</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 12, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Many poor countries, especially in Africa, will miss the MDGs by a large margin. But neither African inaction nor a lack of aid will necessarily be the reason. Instead, responsibility for near-certain ‘failure’ lies with the overly-ambitious goals themselves and unrealistic expectations placed... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/3222/">Making it Pay to Stay in School</a> <span class="item-date"> - Aug 3, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This CGD brief is based on the book From Social Assistance to Social Development: Targeted Education Subsidies in Developing Countries, by Samuel Morley and David Coady. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/3220/">No Child Left Behind-Anywhere</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 3, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> "No Child Left Behind" could move from a national program to a global mission if several current policies and initiatives converge: the Education for All Fast Track Initiative, the U.S. Millennium Challenge Account, and the renewed declarations of the Bush administration, supported by U.S. public... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2798/">On the Road to Universal Primary Education</a> <span class="item-date"> - Feb 28, 2005</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> Education is an end in itself, a human right, and a vital part of the capacity of individuals to lead lives they value. It gives people in developing countries the skills they need to improve their own lives and to help transform their societies. Women and men with better education earn more... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2746/">Towards a New Consensus for Addressing the Global Challenge of the Lack of Education - Working Paper 43</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jun 29, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper is part of the Copenhagen Consensus process, which aims to assess and evaluate the opportunities available to address the ten largest challenges facing the world. One of these ten challenges is the “lack of education.” This paper provides an analytical framework to evaluate the... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2749/">The Trouble with the MDGs: Confronting Expectations of Aid and Development Success - Working Paper 40</a> <span class="item-date"> - May 1, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> *REVISED Version September 2004 The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are unlikely to be met by 2015, even if huge increases in development assistance materialize. The rates of progress required by many of the goals are at the edges of or beyond historical precedent. Many countries making... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2754/">The Long Walk to School: International Education Goals in Historical Perspective - Working Paper 37</a> <span class="item-date"> - Mar 16, 2004</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This work quantifies how long it has taken countries rich and poor to make the transition towards high enrollments and gender parity. It finds that many countries that have not raised enrollments fast enough to meet the Millennium Development Goals have in fact raised enrollments extraordinarily... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2913_image_social_cover.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2913/">From Social Assistance to Social Development: Targeted Education Subsidies in Developing Countries</a> <span class="item-date"> - Sep 1, 2003</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> The book compiles a vast amount of unpublished and published material on existing CTE programs and their impact on poverty. Groundbreaking case studies and detailed evaluations of programs in Mexico, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Chile add up to an unusual and surprising success... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2788/">HIV/AIDS and the Accumulation and Utilization of Human Capital in Africa - Working Paper 2</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 2, 2002</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> This paper outlines the likely effects of the AIDS pandemic in Africa on the continent's ability to produce education and use it effectively for growth and poverty reduction. </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2923_image_washcont.jpg&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2923/">Washington Contentious: Economic Policies for Social Equity in Latin America</a> <span class="item-date"> - Jan 1, 2001</span> <div class="item-description"> <p> At the end of the 1990s the future of Latin America seemed grim in the face of four devastating problems—slow and unsteady economic growth, persistent poverty, social injustice, and personal insecurity. For 10 years Latin America had pursued—with considerable vigor—the 10 economic policies... </p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box research"> <ul> <li> <div style=""> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_archive/girlscountaglobalinvestmentandactioninitiative">Girls Count: A Global Investment and Action Agenda</a> <div class="item-description"><p>The agenda describes why and how to provide adolescent girls in developing countries a full and equal chance in life. It offers targeted recommendations for national and local governments, donor agencies, civil society, and the private sector.</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box opinions"> <ul> <li> <div class="item-title"><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/opinion/detail/2926/">The Real Challenge for Iraqi Development Oil wealth could be a great help - or hindrance - to Iraq's development</a></div> <div class="item-description">Iraq is rich in oil but surprisingly poor in human capital. Oil is a mixed blessing at best, a curse at worst. Among countries rich in oil are many that have failed at economic or political development or both: Angola, Nigeria, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia. Human capital, on the other hand, is an unmitigated blessing. It’s been central to the economic transformation of resource-poor countries, including Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and now China, and in the larger sense of what development is fundamentally about, it’s an end in itself. Indeed, you might say that education and health, the most straightforward indicators of human capital at the individual level, are the point of development. </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-box multimedia"> <ul> <li> <div style="float:left; width:60px"> <img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1423944_image_Ayah_170x170.JPG&w=50&h=50" alt=""/> </div> <div style="margin-left:70px"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1423944/"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/2010/03/09/cash-on-delivery-aid-ayah-mahgoub-on-cod-in-education/">Cash on Delivery Aid: Ayah Mahgoub on COD in Education</a></a> <span class="item-date">- Mar 9, 2010</span> <div class="item-description"><p>I'm joined this week by Ayah Mahgoub, a program coordinator here at the Center for Global Development who works on issues related to the effectiveness of foreign aid. Along with Nancy Birdsall and Bill Savedoff, Ayah is working on designing a new form of development assistance called Cash on...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> <li> <div style=""> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/multimedia/detail/1420910/">CGD Special Discussion with David Gergen on Obama's Global Development Policy (Event Video)</a> <span class="item-date">- Jan 17, 2009</span> <div class="item-description"><p>Director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, editor-at-large at U.S. News & World Report, and a senior political analyst for CNN, David Gergen joined CGD president Nancy Birdsall, and CGD senior fellows who authored essays in our...</p></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div>  </td> <td style="width:20px"></td> <td id="section-sidebar" valign="top">  <h3>Related Initiatives</h3> <ul> <li> <div class="item-title"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_archive/girlscountaglobalinvestmentandactioninitiative">Girls Count: A Global Investment and Action Agenda</a> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </li> </ul> <div style="float:right"><a class="more-link" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/initiatives">More Initiatives</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> <h3> <div style="float:right"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://feeds.feedburner.com/cgdev/globaldevelopment/category/education"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-rss-tiny.png" alt="RSS"/></a> </div> Recent Blog Posts <div class="clear"></div> </h3> <div class="recent-blog-posts"><ul> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2011/07/in-school-not-learning.php">In School Not Learning</a> <span class="blog-date">- Jul 5</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2010/02/putting-the-%E2%80%98fast%E2%80%99-back-into-the-education-fast-track%E2%80%A6.php">Putting the ‘Fast’ Back into the Education Fast Track…</a> <span class="blog-date">- Feb 16</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/12/linking-aid-to-results-why-are-some-development-workers-anxious.php">Linking Aid to Results: Why Are Some Development Workers Anxious? (Guest post by Owen Barder)</a> <span class="blog-date">- Dec 17</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/09/the-illusion-of-equality.php">The Illusion of Equality</a> <span class="blog-date">- Sep 15</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/2009/07/g8-in-italy-should-launch-global-fund-for-education.php">G8 in Italy Should Launch Global Fund for Education</a> <span class="blog-date">- Jul 6</span> </li> </ul></div> <div style="float:right"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/globaldevelopment/category/education" class="more-link">More</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> <h3>Experts</h3> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/8092_file_SJ_Staats_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/8092">Sarah Jane Staats</a></div> <div>Director of Policy Outreach</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/16573_file_image_savedoff_exp.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/16573">William Savedoff</a></div> <div>Senior Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/483_file_birdsall170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/483">Nancy Birdsall</a></div> <div>President</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/1424570_file_image_Sandefur.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1424570">Justin Sandefur</a></div> <div>Research Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/1423734">Raymond Robertson</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2716_file_pritchett_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2716">Lant Pritchett</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <img style="float:left; padding-right:10px" src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/timthumb.php?src=/files/2706_file_kremer_170.jpg&w=50&h=50&zc=1" alt="No photo available"/> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2706">Michael Kremer</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="listitem"> <div style="padding-right:10px"> <div><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/expert/detail/2701">James Habyarimana</a></div> <div>Non-Resident Fellow</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="float:right"><a class="more-link" href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/experts">More Experts</a></div> <div class="clear"></div> <h3 style="padding:15px 0 10px 0">Get Updates</h3> <form method="get" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.cgdev.org/subscribe"> <input type="text" name="ce" id="newsletter-input" value="Enter Email" onclick="this.value=''"/> <input type="hidden" name="ACTION_REQUIRED" value="URI_ACTION_USER_REQUESTS"/> <input type="hidden" name="SURVEY_ID" value="1181"/> <input type="submit" id="newsletter-btn" value=""/> </form> <div id="social-icons"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://twitter.com/cgdev" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-twitter.png" alt="Twitter"/></a>   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.facebook.com/cgdev" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-facebook.png" alt="Facebook"/></a>   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.youtube.com/globaldevelopment" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-youtube.png" alt="YouTube"/></a>   <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about_enews/sitefeeds/"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-rss-big.png" alt="RSS"/></a>   <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-podcast.png" alt="Podcasts"/></a> </div>  </td> </tr> </table>  <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-top"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td align="left"> <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/contactus/">Contact Us</a> | <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about/presscenter/">Press Center</a> | <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about/employment/">Jobs</a> | <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about_enews/sitefeeds/">RSS</a> | <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about/donate/">Invest</a> </td> <td align="right"> © 2011, CGD. All rights reserved.   |   <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/content/article/detail/1423897/">Credits</a> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="footer-bottom"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td valign="top" style="width:260px"> <div style="font-weight:bold">CENTER FOR GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT</div> <div style="padding-top:10px">1800 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Third Floor</div> <div style="padding-bottom:10px">Washington DC 20036</div> <div>Tel 202.416.4000   |   Fax 202.416.4050</div> </td> <td valign="top" style="width:140px; border-left:2px solid #d9e9eb; border-right:2px solid #d9e9eb"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding:0 0 20px 11px; width:33%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://twitter.com/cgdev" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-twitter.png" alt="Twitter"/></a></td> <td valign="top" style="padding: 2px 0 0 9px; width:33%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.facebook.com/cgdev" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-facebook.png" alt="Facebook"/></a></td> <td valign="top" style="padding-left:9px; width:33%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www.youtube.com/globaldevelopment" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-youtube.png" alt="YouTube"/></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding:0 0 20px 12px; width:33%"><a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about_enews/sitefeeds/" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-rss-big.png" alt="RSS"/></a></td> <td valign="top" style="padding: 0 0 0 3px; width:33%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://intlrel.meetup.com/68/" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-meetup.png" alt="Meetup"/></a></td> <td valign="top" style="padding-left:9px; width:33%"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/" target="_blank"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/icon-podcast.png" alt="Podcast"/></a></td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="top" align="right"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://blogs.cgdev.org/global_prosperity_wonkcast/"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/badges/wonkcast_logo_167.png" alt="Global Prosperity Wonkcast"/></a>   <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/opinions/reading/"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/badges/wwrbadge.png" alt="What We're Reading"/></a>   <a href="/web/20111109111914/http://cgdev.org/section/about/donate/cgd_society"><img src="/web/20111109111914im_/http://cgdev.org/layout/badges/cgd-society.jpg" alt="CGD Society"/></a> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/https://ssl." : "https://web.archive.org/web/20111109111914/http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-1044429-1"); pageTracker._setDomainName("cgdev.org"); pageTracker._setLocalRemoteServerMode(); pageTracker._initData(); pageTracker._trackPageview(); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Education : Center for Global Development : Research Topics