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<span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Cultural studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Social psychology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Philosophy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Information technology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Information_technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Information technology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Information_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Information_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Information systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fashion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Fashion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Bricolage</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bricolage" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%82" title="ترميق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترميق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Бриколаж – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бриколаж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricolatge" title="Bricolatge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bricolatge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bricolage" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brikolaa%C5%BE" title="Brikolaaž – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brikolaaž" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricolaje" title="Bricolaje – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bricolaje" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brikolaje" title="Brikolaje – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brikolaje" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bricolage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A3%BC" title="브리콜라주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브리콜라주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bricolage" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bricolage" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%96%27" title="בריקולאז' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בריקולאז'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Бриколаж – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бриколаж" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5" title="ブリコラージュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブリコラージュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brikola%C5%BC" title="Brikolaż – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brikolaż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricolagem" title="Bricolagem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bricolagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricolaj" title="Bricolaj – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bricolaj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Бриколаж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бриколаж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Бріколаж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бріколаж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bricolage" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E8%A3%9D" title="拼裝 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拼裝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q913510#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bricolage" title="Special:EditPage/Bricolage">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bricolage%22">"Bricolage"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bricolage%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bricolage%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bricolage%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bricolage%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bricolage%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BricolageMakerSpace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/BricolageMakerSpace.jpg/220px-BricolageMakerSpace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/BricolageMakerSpace.jpg/330px-BricolageMakerSpace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/BricolageMakerSpace.jpg/440px-BricolageMakerSpace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Maker_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Maker space">maker space</a> with potential <i>bricolage</i> material</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">the arts</a>, <i><b>bricolage</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> for "<a href="/wiki/DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY">DIY</a>" or "do-it-yourself projects"; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[bʁikɔlaʒ]</a></span>) is the construction or creation of a work from a diverse range of things that happen to be available, or a work constructed using <a href="/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">mixed media</a>. </p><p>The term <i>bricolage</i> has also been used in many other fields, including <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">critical theory</a>, education, computer software, <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Bricolage</i> is a French <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> that means the process of <a href="/wiki/Improvisation" title="Improvisation">improvisation</a> in a human endeavor. The word is derived from the French verb <i>bricoler</i> ("to tinker"), with the English term <a href="/wiki/DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY">DIY</a> ("Do-it-yourself") being the closest equivalent of the contemporary French usage. In both languages, <i>bricolage</i> also denotes any works or products of DIY endeavors.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldick_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Broady_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Broady-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_arts">The arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_art">Visual art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Visual art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SelfReferentialBricolage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/SelfReferentialBricolage.jpg/220px-SelfReferentialBricolage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/SelfReferentialBricolage.jpg/330px-SelfReferentialBricolage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/SelfReferentialBricolage.jpg/440px-SelfReferentialBricolage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Self-reference" title="Self-reference">self-referential</a> sign built using bricolage techniques on a <a href="/wiki/Thrift_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrift store"> thrift-store</a> painting</figcaption></figure> <p>In art, bricolage is a technique or creative mode, where works are constructed from various materials available or on hand, and is often seen as a characteristic of <a href="/wiki/Postmodern" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodern">postmodern</a> art practice.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been likened to the concept of curating<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has also been described as the remixture, reconstruction, and reuse of separate materials or artifacts to produce new meanings and insights.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bricolage is considered the jumbled effect produced by the close proximity of buildings from different periods and in different architectural styles.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is also a term that is admiringly applied to the architectural work of <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a>, by Colin Rowe and Fred Koetter in their book <i>Collage City</i>, whom they called "a fox in hedgehog disguise," commenting on his wily approach to assembling ideas from found objects of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">history of architecture</a>, in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>, who is called a "<a href="/wiki/The_Hedgehog_and_the_Fox" title="The Hedgehog and the Fox">hedgehog</a>" for being overly focused on a narrow concept.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anthropology">Anthropology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anthropology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In anthropology, the term has been used in several ways. Most notably, <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a> invoked the concept of bricolage to refer to the process that leads to the creation of mythical thought, which "expresses itself by means of a heterogeneous repertoire which, even if extensive, is nevertheless limited. It has to use this repertoire, however, whatever the task in hand because it has nothing else at its disposal".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Hervé Varenne and Jill Koyama used the term when explaining the processual aspect of culture, i.e., education <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In literature, bricolage is affected by <a href="/wiki/Intertextuality" title="Intertextuality">intertextuality</a>, the shaping of a text's meanings by reference to other texts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_studies">Cultural studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cultural studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">cultural studies</a>, bricolage is used to mean the processes by which people acquire objects from across <a href="/wiki/Social_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Social division">social divisions</a> to create new <a href="/wiki/Cultural_identity" title="Cultural identity">cultural identities</a>. In particular, it is a feature of <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subcultures</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punk</a> movement. Here, objects that possess one meaning (or no meaning) in the dominant culture are acquired and given a new, often subversive meaning. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Safety_pin" title="Safety pin">safety pin</a> became a form of decoration in punk culture.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_psychology">Social psychology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Social psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "psychological bricolage" is used to explain the mental processes through which an individual develops novel solutions to problems by making use of previously unrelated knowledge or ideas they already possess. The term, introduced by Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks, Matthew J. Karlesky and Fiona Lee<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOEwBwAAQBAJ&dq=oxford+creativity+bricolage&pg=PA93">The Oxford Handbook of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, draws from two separate disciplines. The first, "social bricolage," was introduced by cultural anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a> in 1962. Lévi-Strauss was interested in how societies create novel solutions by using resources that already exist in the collective social consciousness. The second, "creative cognition," is an intra-psychic approach to studying how individuals retrieve and recombine knowledge in new ways. Psychological bricolage, therefore, refers to the cognitive processes that enable individuals to retrieve and recombine previously unrelated knowledge they already possess.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psychological bricolage is an intra-individual process akin to <a href="/wiki/Karl_E._Weick" title="Karl E. Weick">Karl E. Weick</a>'s notion of bricolage in organizations, which is akin to Lévi-Strauss' notion of bricolage in societies.<sup id="cite_ref-organizational1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-organizational1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Savage_Mind" title="The Savage Mind">The Savage Mind</a></i> (1962, English translation 1966), French anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a> used "bricolage" to describe the characteristic patterns of mythological thought. In his description it is opposed to the engineers' creative thinking, which proceeds from goals to means. Mythical thought, according to Lévi-Strauss, attempts to re-use available materials in order to solve new problems.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a> extends this notion to any discourse. "If one calls <i>bricolage</i> the necessity of borrowing one's concept from the text of a heritage which is more or less coherent or ruined, it must be said that every discourse is <i>bricoleur</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a> and <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari" title="Félix Guattari">Félix Guattari</a>, in their 1972 book <i><a href="/wiki/Anti-%C5%92dipus" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Œdipus">Anti-Oedipus</a></i>, identify <i>bricolage</i> as the characteristic <a href="/wiki/Mode_of_production" title="Mode of production">mode of production</a> of the schizophrenic producer.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the discussion of <a href="/wiki/Constructionism_(learning_theory)" title="Constructionism (learning theory)">constructionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert">Seymour Papert</a> discusses two styles of solving problems. Contrary to the analytical style of solving problems, he describes bricolage as a way to learn and solve problems by trying, testing, playing around. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joe_L._Kincheloe" title="Joe L. Kincheloe">Joe L. Kincheloe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shirley_R._Steinberg" title="Shirley R. Steinberg">Shirley R. Steinberg</a> have used the term bricolage in educational research to denote the use of multiperspectival research methods. In Kincheloe's conception of the research bricolage, diverse theoretical traditions are employed in a broader critical theoretical/critical pedagogical context to lay the foundation for a transformative mode of multimethodological inquiry. Using these multiple frameworks and methodologies, researchers are empowered to produce more rigorous and praxiological insights into socio-political and educational phenomena. </p><p>Kincheloe and Steinberg theorize a critical multilogical epistemology and critical connected ontology to ground the research bricolage. These philosophical notions provide the research bricolage with a sophisticated understanding of the complexity of knowledge production and the interrelated complexity of both researcher positionality and phenomena in the world. Such complexity demands a more rigorous mode of research that is capable of dealing with the complications of socio-educational experience. Such a critical form of rigor avoids the reductionism of many monological, mimetic research orientations (see Kincheloe, 2001, 2005; Kincheloe & Berry, 2004; Steinberg, 2015; Kincheloe, McLaren, & Steinberg, 2012). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Information_technology">Information technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Information technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Information_systems">Information systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Information systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Information_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Information systems">information systems</a>, bricolage is used by <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Ciborra" title="Claudio Ciborra">Claudio Ciborra</a> to describe the way in which <a href="/wiki/Strategic_information_system" title="Strategic information system">strategic information systems</a> (SIS) can be built in order to maintain successful <a href="/wiki/Competitive_advantage" title="Competitive advantage">competitive advantage</a> over a longer period of time than standard SIS. By valuing tinkering and allowing SIS to evolve from the bottom-up, rather than implementing it from the top-down, the firm will end up with something that is deeply rooted in the <a href="/wiki/Organisational_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisational culture">organisational culture</a> that is specific to that firm and is much less easily imitated.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In her book <i><a href="/wiki/Life_on_the_Screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Life on the Screen">Life on the Screen</a></i> (1995), <a href="/wiki/Sherry_Turkle" title="Sherry Turkle">Sherry Turkle</a> discusses the concept of bricolage as it applies to problem solving in code projects and workspace productivity. She advocates the "bricoleur style" of programming as a valid and underexamined alternative to what she describes as the conventional structured "planner" approach. In this style of coding, the programmer works without an exhaustive preliminary specification, opting instead for a step-by-step growth and re-evaluation process. In her essay "Epistemological Pluralism", Turkle writes: "The bricoleur resembles the painter who stands back between brushstrokes, looks at the canvas, and only after this contemplation, decides what to do next."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Visual arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The visual arts is a field in which individuals often integrate a variety of knowledge sets in order to produce inventive work. To reach this stage, artists read print materials across a wide array of disciplines, as well as information from their own social identities.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, the artist <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Neshat" title="Shirin Neshat">Shirin Neshat</a> has integrated her identities as an Iranian exile and a woman in order to make complex, creative and critical bodies of work.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This willingness to integrate diverse knowledge sets enables artists with multiple identities to fully leverage their knowledge sets. This is demonstrated by Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks, Chi-Ying Chen and Fiona Lee, who found that individuals were shown to exhibit greater levels of innovation in tasks related to their cultural identities when they successfully integrated those identities.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business">Business</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Karl_Weick" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Weick">Karl Weick</a> identifies the following requirements for successful bricolage in organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-organizational1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-organizational1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Intimate knowledge of resources</li> <li>Careful observation and listening</li> <li>Trusting one's ideas</li> <li>Self-correcting structures, with feedback</li></ul> <p>Glenn Gosnell, V & E Limited, defines the formal term "Bricoleurologist", as indicating expertise and experience in Bricoleurology, i.e. devising and implementing elegant solutions to immediate problems and issues. Those skilled in the art and practice of AMA (Alternate Means of Accomplishment) in the efficient and effective reconstitution of resources can be assigned the title "Bricoleurologist" by a company or institution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion">Fashion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Fashion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his essay "Subculture: The Meaning of Style", <a href="/wiki/Dick_Hebdige" title="Dick Hebdige">Dick Hebdige</a> discusses how an individual can be identified as a bricoleur when they "appropriated another range of commodities by placing them in a symbolic ensemble which served to erase or subvert their original straight meanings".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fashion industry uses bricolage-like styles by incorporating items typically utilized for other purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MacGyver_(1985_TV_series)" title="MacGyver (1985 TV series)">MacGyver</a></i> is a television series in which the protagonist is the paragon of a bricoleur,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> creating solutions for the problem to be solved out of immediately available found objects.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tournement" title="Détournement">Détournement</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">Do it yourself</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrapreneurial_Bricolage" title="Intrapreneurial Bricolage">Intrapreneurial Bricolage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugaad" title="Jugaad">Jugaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jury_rig" class="mw-redirect" title="Jury rig">Jury rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kludge" title="Kludge">Kludge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maker_culture" title="Maker culture">Maker culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">Pastiche</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Baldick-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baldick_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBaldick2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Baldick" title="Chris Baldick">Baldick, Chris</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mp0s9GgrafUC&q=dictionary%20of&pg=PA42"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms</i></a>. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199208272" title="Special:BookSources/9780199208272"><bdi>9780199208272</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Literary+Terms&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780199208272&rft.aulast=Baldick&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmp0s9GgrafUC%26q%3Ddictionary%2520of%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Broady-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Broady_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroady2005" class="citation book cs1">Broady, Elspeth (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JM2AAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77"><i>Colloquial French 2: The Next step in Language Learning</i></a>. New York: Routledge. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-26647-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-26647-5"><bdi>0-415-26647-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colloquial+French+2%3A+The+Next+step+in+Language+Learning&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-415-26647-5&rft.aulast=Broady&rft.aufirst=Elspeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJM2AAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennettSlaterWall2005" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Peter; Slater, Jerry; Wall, Peter (18 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RJBFvzaycCIC&q=bricolage+postmodern&pg=PP243"><i>A2 Media Studies: The Essential Introduction</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415347686" title="Special:BookSources/9780415347686"><bdi>9780415347686</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A2+Media+Studies%3A+The+Essential+Introduction&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2005-08-18&rft.isbn=9780415347686&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Slater%2C+Jerry&rft.au=Wall%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRJBFvzaycCIC%26q%3Dbricolage%2Bpostmodern%26pg%3DPP243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalzer2014" class="citation book cs1">Balzer, David (2014). <i>Curationism: How Curating Took Over the Art World and Everything Else</i>. Toronto: Coach House Books. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781552452998" title="Special:BookSources/9781552452998"><bdi>9781552452998</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curationism%3A+How+Curating+Took+Over+the+Art+World+and+Everything+Else&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Coach+House+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781552452998&rft.aulast=Balzer&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoon2011" class="citation book cs1">Moon, Catherine Hyland (2011). <i>Materials and Media in Art Therapy: Critical Understandings of Diverse Artistic Vocabularies</i>. Oxon: Routledge. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415993135" title="Special:BookSources/9780415993135"><bdi>9780415993135</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Materials+and+Media+in+Art+Therapy%3A+Critical+Understandings+of+Diverse+Artistic+Vocabularies&rft.place=Oxon&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780415993135&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Catherine+Hyland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bricolage">"bricolage - definition of bricolage by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia"</a>. Thefreedictionary.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=bricolage+-+definition+of+bricolage+by+the+Free+Online+Dictionary%2C+Thesaurus+and+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Thefreedictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2Fbricolage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoweKoetter1984" class="citation book cs1">Rowe, C.; Koetter, F. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S837izqOw70C"><i>Collage City</i></a>. The MIT Press. MIT Press. pp. 92, 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-68042-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-68042-4"><bdi>978-0-262-68042-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collage+City&rft.series=The+MIT+Press&rft.pages=92%2C+102&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-262-68042-4&rft.aulast=Rowe&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Koetter%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS837izqOw70C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Savage Mind, pg. 24)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> pg. 53, "Education, Cultural Production, and Figuring Out What to do Next," In <i>The Companion to the Anthropology of Education</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hebdige, Dick. <i>Subculture: the Meaning of Style.</i> London: Routledge, 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanchez-Burks, J., Karlesky, M., & Lee, F. (in press). Psychological Bricolage and the Creative Process. In C. Shalley, M. Hitt, and J. Zhou (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanchez-Burks, J., Karlesky, M., & Lee, F. "Psychological Bricolage, Integrating social identities to produce creative solutions."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Shalley, M. Hitt, & J. Zhou. Oxford Handbook of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-organizational1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-organizational1_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-organizational1_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Weick, "Organizational Redesign as Improvisation", reprinted in <i>Making Sense of the Organization</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLévi-Strauss1962" class="citation book cs1">Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lapenseesauvage00levi"><i>La Pensée sauvage</i></a>. Paris.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Pens%C3%A9e+sauvage&rft.place=Paris&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9vi-Strauss&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flapenseesauvage00levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span> English translation as <i>The Savage Mind</i> (Chicago, 1966). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-47484-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-47484-4">0-226-47484-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930035434/http://tesugen.com/archives/03/08/bricolage">"Bricolage [Tesugen]"</a>. Tesugen.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tesugen.com/archives/03/08/bricolage">the original</a> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bricolage+%5BTesugen%26%2393%3B&rft.pub=Tesugen.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftesugen.com%2Farchives%2F03%2F08%2Fbricolage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://varenne.tc.columbia.edu/bib/info/levstcld066savamind.html">"Varenne: quotes from Lévi-Strauss (1963 [1962])"</a>. Varenne.tc.columbia.edu. 11 May 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Varenne%3A+quotes+from+L%C3%A9vi-Strauss+%281963+%5B1962%26%2393%3B%29&rft.pub=Varenne.tc.columbia.edu&rft.date=1999-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvarenne.tc.columbia.edu%2Fbib%2Finfo%2Flevstcld066savamind.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerrida" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida, Jacques</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hydra.humanities.uci.edu/derrida/sign-play.html">"Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences"</a>. Hydra.humanities.uci.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Structure%2C+Sign%2C+and+Play+in+the+Discourse+of+the+Human+Sciences&rft.pub=Hydra.humanities.uci.edu&rft.aulast=Derrida&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhydra.humanities.uci.edu%2Fderrida%2Fsign-play.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a> and <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari" title="Félix Guattari">Félix Guattari</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Anti-%C5%92dipus" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Œdipus">Anti-Oedipus</a>: Capitalism and Schizophrenia</i>. Trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem, and Helen R. Lane. Continuum edition. London: Continuum, 2004 (1972). p.7-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ciborra, Claudio (1992). "From Thinking to Tinkering: The Grassroots of Strategic Information Systems", <i>The Information Society</i> 8, 297–309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurkle" class="citation web cs1">Turkle, Sherry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.papert.org/articles/EpistemologicalPluralism.html">"Epistemological Pluralism"</a>. Papert.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Epistemological+Pluralism&rft.pub=Papert.org&rft.aulast=Turkle&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.papert.org%2Farticles%2FEpistemologicalPluralism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cobbledick, Susie. "Information-Seeking Behavior of Artists: Exploratory Interviews."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2010 TED Talk, "Shirin Neshat: Art in Exile."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanchez-Burks, J., Cheng, C. & Lee, F. "Increasing Innovation Through Identity Integration."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Subculture: The Meaning of Style". Dick Hebdige. In <i>Cultural Studies: An Anthology</i>. Ed. Michael Ryan. 2008. p. 592</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogost2006" class="citation web cs1">Bogost, Ian (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gac.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/1/1/41">"Comparative Video Game Criticism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Games_and_Culture" title="Games and Culture">Games and Culture</a></i>. pp. 41–46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Games+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Comparative+Video+Game+Criticism&rft.pages=41-46&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Bogost&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgac.sagepub.com%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F1%2F1%2F41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABricolage" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Appropriation_in_the_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Appropriation in the arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Appropriation_in_the_arts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a> in the arts</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%">By field</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">Chopped and screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrafact" title="Contrafact">Contrafact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_contrafacts" title="List of jazz contrafacts">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrafactum" title="Contrafactum">Contrafactum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">Cover version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">DJ mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpolation_(popular_music)" title="Interpolation (popular music)">Interpolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medley_(music)" title="Medley (music)">Medley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">Music mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_plagiarism" title="Music plagiarism">Music plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_quotation" title="Musical quotation">Musical quotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcore" title="Nightcore">Nightcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">Parody music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasticcio" title="Pasticcio">Pasticcio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunderphonics" title="Plunderphonics">Plunderphonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potpourri_(music)" title="Potpourri (music)">Potpourri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quodlibet" title="Quodlibet">Quodlibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">Remix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddim" title="Riddim">Riddim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_collage" title="Sound collage">Sound collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_(music)" title="Standard (music)">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribute_act" title="Tribute act">Tribute act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trope_(music)" title="Trope (music)">Trope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variation_(music)" title="Variation (music)">Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em">Literature / theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblage_(composition)" title="Assemblage (composition)">Assemblage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut-up_technique" title="Cut-up technique">Cut-up technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flarf_poetry" title="Flarf poetry">Flarf poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_poetry" title="Found poetry">Found poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">Trope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbatim_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Verbatim theatre">Verbatim theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Visual arts</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combine_painting" title="Combine painting">Combine painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_mosaic" title="Photographic mosaic">Photographic mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Readymades of Marcel Duchamp">Readymades of Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swipe_(comics)" title="Swipe (comics)">Swipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;">By source material</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa_replicas_and_reinterpretations" title="Mona Lisa replicas and reinterpretations">Mona Lisa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_Michelangelo%27s_David" title="Replicas of Michelangelo's David">Michelangelo's <i>David</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0" title="Replicas of Michelangelo's Pietà">Michelangelo's <i>Pietà</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty" title="Replicas of the Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em">Cinema / television / video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abridged_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Abridged series">Abridged series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_music_video" title="Anime music video">Anime music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(appropriation)" title="Found footage (appropriation)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literal_music_video" title="Literal music video">Literal music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-cut_trailer" title="Re-cut trailer">Re-cut trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remake" title="Remake">Remake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shot-for-shot" title="Shot-for-shot">Shot-for-shot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercut" title="Supercut">Supercut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_format" title="TV format">TV format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidding" title="Vidding">Vidding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(video)" title="Mashup (video)">Video mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_poop" title="YouTube poop">YouTube poop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em">Other arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In-joke" title="In-joke">In-joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke_theft" title="Joke theft">Joke theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_advertisement" title="Parody advertisement">Parody advertisement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism (architecture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">Video game modding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%">General <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em"><a href="/wiki/Intertextuality" title="Intertextuality">Intertextual figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allusion" title="Allusion">Allusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">Calque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">Pastiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quotation" title="Quotation">Quotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">Translation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em"><a href="/wiki/Adaptation_(arts)" title="Adaptation (arts)">Adaptation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_adaptation" title="Film adaptation">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_adaptation" title="Literary adaptation">Literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_adaptation" title="Theatrical adaptation">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em">Other concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/After_(art)" title="After (art)">After (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assemblage_(art)" title="Assemblage (art)">Assemblage (art)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bricolage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation" title="Citation">Citation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tournement" title="Détournement">Détournement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homage_(arts)" title="Homage (arts)">Homage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imitation_(art)" title="Imitation (art)">Imitation in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(culture)" title="Mashup (culture)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reprise" title="Reprise">Reprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_criticism#Source_criticism_in_the_arts" title="Source criticism">Source criticism in the arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related artistic<br />concepts</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_interpretation" title="Aesthetic interpretation">Aesthetic interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archetypal_literary_criticism" title="Archetypal literary criticism">Archetypal literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_inspiration" title="Artistic inspiration">Artistic inspiration</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_Author" title="The Death of the Author">The Death of the Author</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_inspiration" title="Divine inspiration">Divine inspiration</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Afflatus" title="Afflatus">Afflatus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(literature)" title="Genius (literature)">Genius (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_labor" title="Fan labor">Fan labor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">Genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre_studies" title="Genre studies">Genre studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Originality" title="Originality">Originality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulacrum" title="Simulacrum">Simulacrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">Western canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Standard blocks<br />and forms</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">Archetype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_fiction" title="Formula fiction">Formula fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre_fiction" title="Genre fiction">Genre fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">Jazz standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_device" title="Plot device">Plot device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_structure" title="Story structure">Story structure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Epoch-marking<br />works</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L.H.O.O.Q." title="L.H.O.O.Q.">L.H.O.O.Q.</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1919)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pierre_Menard,_Author_of_the_Quixote" title="Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote">Pierre Menard, Author of the <i>Quixote</i></a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1939)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reality_Hunger" title="Reality Hunger">Reality Hunger: A Manifesto</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%">Theorization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Copia:_Foundations_of_the_Abundant_Style" title="Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style">De Copia Rerum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diegesis" title="Diegesis">Diegesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_imitatio" title="Dionysian imitatio">Dionysian <i>imitatio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimesis" title="Mimesis">Mimesis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann#Critical_response_and_influence" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Nachahmung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palimpsests:_Literature_in_the_Second_Degree" title="Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree">Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pictures_Generation" title="The Pictures Generation">The Pictures Generation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_formalism" title="Russian formalism">Russian formalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related non-<br />artistic concepts</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dishonesty" title="Academic dishonesty">Academic dishonesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(sociology)" title="Appropriation (sociology)">Appropriation in sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articulation_(sociology)" title="Articulation (sociology)">Articulation in sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">Cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing" title="History of printing">History of printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_society" title="Information society">Information society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">Copyright infringement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derivative_work" title="Derivative work">Derivative work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">Fair use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meme" title="Meme">Meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">Open source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_culture" title="Participatory culture">Participatory culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recontextualisation" title="Recontextualisation">Recontextualisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">Remix culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&oldid=1246374872">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bricolage&oldid=1246374872</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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