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Oberschütze - Wikipedia

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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obersch%C3%BCtze" title="Oberschütze – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oberschütze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obersch%C3%BCtze" title="Oberschütze – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oberschütze" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EA%B8%89%EC%82%AC%EA%B2%A9%EB%B3%91" title="상급사격병 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상급사격병" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obersch%C3%BCtze" title="Oberschütze – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oberschütze" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ober%C5%A1iuc%C4%97" title="Oberšiucė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oberšiucė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obersch%C3%BCtze" title="Oberschütze – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oberschütze" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obersch%C3%BCtze">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 19:55, 3 May 2019 by <a href="/wiki/User:Kierzek" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Kierzek" data-mw-revid="895371100"><bdi>Kierzek</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Kierzek" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Kierzek">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kierzek" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Kierzek">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Usage">→<bdi dir="ltr">Usage</bdi></a>: </span> cite goes to this sentence)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Obersch%C3%BCtze&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=895371100" title="Oberschütze">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obersch%C3%BCtze&amp;direction=prev&amp;oldid=895371100" title="Oberschütze">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Obersch%C3%BCtze" title="Oberschütze">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Obersch%C3%BCtze&amp;diff=cur&amp;oldid=895371100" title="Oberschütze">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obersch%C3%BCtze&amp;direction=next&amp;oldid=895371100" title="Oberschütze">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Obersch%C3%BCtze&amp;diff=next&amp;oldid=895371100" title="Oberschütze">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <b>Oberschütze</b> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">&#91;ˈoːbɐ.ʃʏʦə&#93;</a></span>, "senior rifleman") was a German military rank first used in the <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Army" title="Bavarian Army">Bavarian Army</a> of the late 19th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div> <p>The rank was in general introduced into the <a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">German</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a></i> from circa 1920 and continued use in its successor, the <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> until 1945, with exception of the period from October 1934 to October 1936 where no promotions to this rank took place. In <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> there was no equivalent for this particular rank grade. The use of <i>Oberschütze</i> and its equivalents reached its height during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> when the <i>Wehrmacht</i> maintained the rank in both the German Army (<a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">Heer</a>) and the ground forces branch of the air force (<a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200930_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200930-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rank of <i>Oberschütze</i> and its specific unit type equivalents (<i>Oberkanonier</i>, <i>Obergrenadier</i>- from 1942, <i>Oberpionier</i>, <i>Oberfahrer</i>, <i>Oberfunker</i> etc.) was created to give recognition and rank promotion to those enlisted soldiers who had achieved or displayed an above-average aptitude and proficiency but would not, however, qualify for promotion to the <i><a href="/wiki/Gefreiter" title="Gefreiter">Gefreiter</a></i> rank. A consideration for promotion to the rank of <i>Oberschütze</i> could usually be achieved after six months to one year of military service. </p><p>In the militaries of other nations, <i>Oberschütze</i> was considered the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Private_first_class" title="Private first class">private first class</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004148_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004148-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Rank insignias <i>Oberschütze</i> of the <i>Wehrmacht</i> until 1945</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Gorget_patches" title="Gorget patches">Gorget patches</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_strap" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder strap">Shoulder strap</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Sleeve" title="Sleeve">Sleeve badge</a> <br /><small>(left upper arm)</small> </td> <td align="center">Rank<br />description </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Collar_tabs_of_Unteroffiziere_and_Mannschaften_of_the_Heer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Collar_tabs_of_Unteroffiziere_and_Mannschaften_of_the_Heer.svg/55px-Collar_tabs_of_Unteroffiziere_and_Mannschaften_of_the_Heer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Collar_tabs_of_Unteroffiziere_and_Mannschaften_of_the_Heer.svg/83px-Collar_tabs_of_Unteroffiziere_and_Mannschaften_of_the_Heer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Collar_tabs_of_Unteroffiziere_and_Mannschaften_of_the_Heer.svg/110px-Collar_tabs_of_Unteroffiziere_and_Mannschaften_of_the_Heer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WMacht_H_Inf_OR4-1_Mannschaften02_h_1945.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/WMacht_H_Inf_OR4-1_Mannschaften02_h_1945.svg/100px-WMacht_H_Inf_OR4-1_Mannschaften02_h_1945.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/WMacht_H_Inf_OR4-1_Mannschaften02_h_1945.svg/150px-WMacht_H_Inf_OR4-1_Mannschaften02_h_1945.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/WMacht_H_Inf_OR4-1_Mannschaften02_h_1945.svg/200px-WMacht_H_Inf_OR4-1_Mannschaften02_h_1945.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="196" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WMacht_OR1a_Ober%E2%80%A6(Soldat)_1935-1945.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/WMacht_OR1a_Ober%E2%80%A6%28Soldat%29_1935-1945.svg/40px-WMacht_OR1a_Ober%E2%80%A6%28Soldat%29_1935-1945.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/WMacht_OR1a_Ober%E2%80%A6%28Soldat%29_1935-1945.svg/60px-WMacht_OR1a_Ober%E2%80%A6%28Soldat%29_1935-1945.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/WMacht_OR1a_Ober%E2%80%A6%28Soldat%29_1935-1945.svg/80px-WMacht_OR1a_Ober%E2%80%A6%28Soldat%29_1935-1945.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><b>Oberschütze</b><br /> (Senior Rifleman) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</h2></div> <p>The rank was also used in the <i><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i> from 1940 to 1945, where the rank was known as <b>SS-Oberschütze</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200930_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200930-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> identified by a cloth star worn on the upper left sleeve, similar to the German Army. </p> <dl><dt>Insignia of rank <i>SS-Oberschütze</i> of the <i>Waffen-SS</i></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#cccccc"> <td align="center">Gorget patches </td> <td align="center">Shoulder strap </td> <td align="center">Sleeve badge<br /><small>(left upper arm)</small> </td> <td align="center">Rank<br />description </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SS-Mann,_SS-Schuetze,_SS-Oberschuetze_collar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/SS-Mann%2C_SS-Schuetze%2C_SS-Oberschuetze_collar.svg/80px-SS-Mann%2C_SS-Schuetze%2C_SS-Oberschuetze_collar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/SS-Mann%2C_SS-Schuetze%2C_SS-Oberschuetze_collar.svg/120px-SS-Mann%2C_SS-Schuetze%2C_SS-Oberschuetze_collar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/SS-Mann%2C_SS-Schuetze%2C_SS-Oberschuetze_collar.svg/160px-SS-Mann%2C_SS-Schuetze%2C_SS-Oberschuetze_collar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="363" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SS-Mannschaft.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/SS-Mannschaft.svg/100px-SS-Mannschaft.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/SS-Mannschaft.svg/150px-SS-Mannschaft.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/SS-Mannschaft.svg/200px-SS-Mannschaft.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="145" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rank_insignia_of_Obersch%C3%BCtze_of_the_Waffen-SS.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Rank_insignia_of_Obersch%C3%BCtze_of_the_Waffen-SS.svg/40px-Rank_insignia_of_Obersch%C3%BCtze_of_the_Waffen-SS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Rank_insignia_of_Obersch%C3%BCtze_of_the_Waffen-SS.svg/60px-Rank_insignia_of_Obersch%C3%BCtze_of_the_Waffen-SS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Rank_insignia_of_Obersch%C3%BCtze_of_the_Waffen-SS.svg/80px-Rank_insignia_of_Obersch%C3%BCtze_of_the_Waffen-SS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><b>Oberschütze</b><br /> (Senior rifleman) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Waffen-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of ranks and insignia of the Waffen-SS">Table of ranks and insignia of the Waffen-SS</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS-Obersch%C3%BCtze" class="extiw" title="de:SS-Oberschütze">Original German: SS-Oberschütze</a></li></ul> <table class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0.5em auto; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="30%" align="center">Junior Rank<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtze" title="Schütze">SS-Schütze</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Schutzstaffel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranks and insignia of the Schutzstaffel">Rank Waffen-SS</a></b><br /><b>SS-Oberschütze</b> </td> <td width="30%" align="center">Senior Rank<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Sturmmann" title="Sturmmann">SS-Sturmmann</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="30%" align="center">Junior Rank<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Mann_(military_rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mann (military rank)">SS-Mann</a></b> </td> <td width="40%" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Schutzstaffel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranks and insignia of the Schutzstaffel">Rank Allgemeine SS</a><br />No equivalent</b> </td> <td width="30%" align="center">Senior Rank<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Sturmmann" title="Sturmmann">SS-Sturmmann</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200930-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200930_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200930_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2009">McNab 2009</a>, p.&#160;30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004148-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004148_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlaherty2004">Flaherty 2004</a>, p.&#160;148.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFlaherty2004" class="citation book cs1">Flaherty, T. H. (2004) [1988]. <i>The Third Reich: The SS</i>. Time-Life Books, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1_84447_073_3" title="Special:BookSources/1 84447 073 3"><bdi>1 84447 073 3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich%3A+The+SS&amp;rft.pub=Time-Life+Books%2C+Inc&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=1844470733&amp;rft.aulast=Flaherty&amp;rft.aufirst=T.+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObersch%C3%BCtze" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNab2009" class="citation book cs1">McNab, Chris (2009). <i>The SS: 1923–1945</i>. Amber Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906626-49-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906626-49-5"><bdi>978-1-906626-49-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+SS%3A+1923%E2%80%931945&amp;rft.pub=Amber+Books+Ltd&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-906626-49-5&amp;rft.aulast=McNab&amp;rft.aufirst=Chris&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AObersch%C3%BCtze" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Paramilitary_ranks_of_Nazi_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #d7d7d7;;background: #c3c3c3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nazi_Germany_paramilitary_ranks" title="Template:Nazi Germany paramilitary ranks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nazi_Germany_paramilitary_ranks" title="Template talk:Nazi Germany paramilitary ranks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nazi_Germany_paramilitary_ranks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nazi Germany paramilitary ranks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paramilitary_ranks_of_Nazi_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany_paramilitary_ranks" title="Nazi Germany paramilitary ranks">Paramilitary ranks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d7d7d7;;width:1%">Combat ranks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Anw%C3%A4rter" title="Anwärter">Anwärter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%BCtze" title="Schütze">Schütze</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oberschütze</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmmann" title="Sturmmann">Sturmmann</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rottenf%C3%BChrer" title="Rottenführer">Rottenführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Unterscharf%C3%BChrer" title="Unterscharführer">Unterscharführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Scharf%C3%BChrer" title="Scharführer">Scharführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberscharf%C3%BChrer" title="Oberscharführer">Oberscharführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptscharf%C3%BChrer" title="Hauptscharführer">Hauptscharführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmscharf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmscharführer">Sturmscharführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Untersturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Untersturmführer">Untersturmführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Obersturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Obersturmführer">Obersturmführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmhauptf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmhauptführer">Sturmhauptführer</a></i></span> <small>(until 1939)</small></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hauptsturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Hauptsturmführer">Hauptsturmführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmbannführer">Sturmbannführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Obersturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Obersturmbannführer">Obersturmbannführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Standartenf%C3%BChrer" title="Standartenführer">Standartenführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberf%C3%BChrer" title="Oberführer">Oberführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Brigadef%C3%BChrer" title="Brigadeführer">Brigadeführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Gruppenführer">Gruppenführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer">Oberst-Gruppenführer</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d7d7d7;;width:1%">Combat ranks Volkssturm</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volkssturmmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkssturmmann">Volkssturmmann</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Zugf%C3%BChrer_(military)" title="Zugführer (military)">Zugführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kompanief%C3%BChrer" title="Kompanieführer">Kompanieführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bataillonsf%C3%BChrer" title="Bataillonsführer">Bataillonsführer</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d7d7d7;;width:1%">Non-combat ranks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/SS-Bewerber" title="SS-Bewerber">Bewerber</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Female_guards_in_Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Female guards in Nazi concentration camps">Aufseherin</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Mann_(paramilitary_rank)" title="Mann (paramilitary rank)">Mann</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberrottenf%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberrottenführer">Oberrottenführer HJ</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Staffelf%C3%BChrer" title="Staffelführer">Staffelführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Truppf%C3%BChrer" title="Truppführer">Truppführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Obertruppf%C3%BChrer" title="Obertruppführer">Obertruppführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Haupttruppf%C3%BChrer" title="Haupttruppführer">Haupttruppführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmf%C3%BChrer" title="Sturmführer">Sturmführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Blockf%C3%BChrer" title="Blockführer">Blockführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Rapportf%C3%BChrer" title="Rapportführer">Rapportführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sonderf%C3%BChrer" title="Sonderführer">Sonderführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schutzhaftlagerf%C3%BChrer" title="Schutzhaftlagerführer">Schutzhaftlagerführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gauf%C3%BChrer" title="Gauführer">Gauführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Untergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Untergruppenführer">Untergruppenführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabsf%C3%BChrer" title="Stabsführer">Stabsführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsjugendf%C3%BChrer" title="Reichsjugendführer">Reichsjugendführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Korpsf%C3%BChrer" title="Korpsführer">Korpsführer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stabschef" title="Stabschef">Stabschef</a> (SA)</i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d7d7d7;;width:1%">Nazi Party ranks<br />(NSDAP)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Helfer" title="Helfer">Helfer</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Arbeitsleiter_(NSDAP)" title="Arbeitsleiter (NSDAP)">Arbeitsleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bereitschaftsleiter" title="Bereitschaftsleiter">Bereitschaftsleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Einsatzleiter" title="Einsatzleiter">Einsatzleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinschaftsleiter" title="Gemeinschaftsleiter">Gemeinschaftsleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Abschnittsleiter_(NSDAP)" title="Abschnittsleiter (NSDAP)">Abschnittsleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bereichsleiter" title="Bereichsleiter">Bereichsleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Dienstleiter_(NSDAP)" title="Dienstleiter (NSDAP)">Dienstleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Befehlsleiter" title="Befehlsleiter">Befehlsleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsleiter" title="Reichsleiter">Reichsleiter</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d7d7d7;;width:1%">Admin position<br />(NSDAP)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Abteilungsleiter_(NSDAP)" title="Abteilungsleiter (NSDAP)">Abteilungsleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Amtsleiter" title="Amtsleiter">Amtsleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Betriebsobmann" title="Betriebsobmann">Betriebsobmann</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bezirksleiter" title="Bezirksleiter">Bezirksleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Blockleiter" title="Blockleiter">Blockleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Inspekteur_(NSDAP)" title="Inspekteur (NSDAP)">Inspekteur</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kreisleiter" title="Kreisleiter">Kreisleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Mitarbeiter_(NSDAP)" title="Mitarbeiter (NSDAP)">Mitarbeiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ortsgruppenleiter" title="Ortsgruppenleiter">Ortsgruppenleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sonderbeauftragter" title="Sonderbeauftragter">Sonderbeauftragter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Stellenleiter" title="Stellenleiter">Stellenleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%BCtzpunktleiter" title="Stützpunktleiter">Stützpunktleiter</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Zellenleiter" title="Zellenleiter">Zellenleiter</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d7d7d7;;width:1%">Reichsluftschutzbund (RLB)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RLB-Pr%C3%A4sident" title="RLB-Präsident">RLB-<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Präsident</i></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d7d7d7;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS">Allgemeine SS</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/SS-Verf%C3%BCgungstruppe" title="SS-Verfügungstruppe">SS-Verfügungstruppe</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/SS-Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" title="SS-Totenkopfverbände">SS-Totenkopfverbände</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth" title="Hitler Youth">Hitler Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Motor_Corps" title="National Socialist Motor Corps">National Socialist Motor Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Flyers_Corps" title="National Socialist Flyers Corps">National Socialist Flyers Corps</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volkssturm" title="Volkssturm">Volkssturm</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rank-stub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rank-stub.svg/40px-Rank-stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rank-stub.svg/60px-Rank-stub.svg.png 1.5x, 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