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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Honky-tonk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Honky-tonk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honkytonk_(Bar)" title="Honkytonk (Bar) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Honkytonk (Bar)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky_tonk" title="Honky tonk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Honky tonk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honkitonko" title="Honkitonko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Honkitonko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky_tonk" title="Honky tonk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Honky tonk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="ホンキートンク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホンキートンク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky-tonk" title="Honky-tonk – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Honky-tonk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Хонки-тонк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хонки-тонк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky_tonk&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Honky tonk">Honky tonk</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of bar that provides musical entertainment and a style of music played there</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Honky_Tonk_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Honky Tonk (disambiguation)">Honky Tonk (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tootsies_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tootsies_2015.jpg/220px-Tootsies_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tootsies_2015.jpg/330px-Tootsies_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tootsies_2015.jpg/440px-Tootsies_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2746" data-file-height="4121" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Tootsie%27s_Orchid_Lounge" title="Tootsie's Orchid Lounge">Tootsie's Orchid Lounge</a> is the oldest Honky Tonk in Nashville, Tennessee.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>honky-tonk</b> (also called <b>honkatonk</b>, <b>honkey-tonk</b>, <b>honky tonk</b>, or <b>tonk</b>) is either a <a href="/wiki/Bar_(establishment)" title="Bar (establishment)">bar</a> that provides <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> for the entertainment of its patrons or the style of music played in such establishments. It can also refer to the type of piano (<a href="/wiki/Tack_piano" title="Tack piano">tack piano</a>) used to play such music. Bars of this kind are common in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a> United States. Many prominent country music artists such as <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Rodgers" title="Jimmie Rodgers">Jimmie Rodgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Tubb" title="Ernest Tubb">Ernest Tubb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lefty_Frizzell" title="Lefty Frizzell">Lefty Frizzell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patsy_Cline" title="Patsy Cline">Patsy Cline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Horton" title="Johnny Horton">Johnny Horton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a> began their careers as amateur musicians in honky-tonks. </p><p>The origin of the term "honky-tonk" is disputed, originally referring to <a href="/wiki/Bawdy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bawdy">bawdy</a> variety shows in areas of the old West (<a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territories</a> and mostly <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>) and to the actual theaters showing them. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">music genre</a> to be commonly known as honky-tonk was a style of <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> playing related to <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> but emphasizing <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a> more than <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a> or <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a>; the style evolved in response to an environment in which pianos were often poorly cared for, tending to be out of tune and having some nonfunctioning keys. This honky-tonk music was an important influence on the <a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">boogie-woogie</a> piano style. Before World War II, the music industry began to refer to <a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillbilly music">hillbilly music</a> being played from Texas and Oklahoma to the West Coast as "honky-tonk" music. In the 1950s, honky-tonk entered its <a href="/wiki/Golden_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age">golden age</a>, with the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Webb_Pierce" title="Webb Pierce">Webb Pierce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hank_Locklin" title="Hank Locklin">Hank Locklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lefty_Frizzell" title="Lefty Frizzell">Lefty Frizzell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faron_Young" title="Faron Young">Faron Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of the term <i>honky-tonk</i> is unknown. The earliest known use in print is an article in the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_Star_(Peoria)" title="Journal Star (Peoria)">Peoria Journal</a></i> dated June 28, 1874, stating, "The police spent a busy day today raiding the <a href="/wiki/Bagnio" title="Bagnio">bagnios</a> and honkytonks."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are subsequent citations from 1890 in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> 1892 in the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_News_(Texas)" title="The Daily News (Texas)">Galveston Daily News</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which used the term to refer to an adult establishment in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a>), and in 1894 in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ardmoreite" title="The Ardmoreite">The Daily Ardmoreite</a></i> in Oklahoma.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early uses of the term in print mostly appear along a corridor roughly coinciding with <a href="/wiki/Cattle_drives_in_the_United_States" title="Cattle drives in the United States">cattle drive</a> trails extending from Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, into south central Oklahoma, suggesting that the term may have been a localism spread by cowboys driving cattle to market. The sound of <i>honky-tonk</i> (or <i>honk-a-tonk</i>) and the types of places that were called honky-tonks suggests that the term may be an <a href="/wiki/Onomatopoeia" title="Onomatopoeia">onomatopoeic</a> reference to the loud, boisterous music and noise heard at these establishments. </p><p>One theory is that the "tonk" portion of the name may have come from the brand name of piano made by William Tonk & Bros., an American manufacturer of large upright pianos<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (established 1881),<sup id="cite_ref-Sweeny_Piano.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sweeny_Piano.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which made a piano with the decal "Ernest A. Tonk". The Tonk brothers, William and Max, established the Tonk Bros. Manufacturing Company in 1873, so such an etymology is possible,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, these pianos were not manufactured until 1889, at which point the term seems to have already been established.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early source purporting to explain the derivation of the term (spelled <i>honkatonk</i>) was an article published in 1900 by the <i>New York Sun</i> and widely reprinted in other newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The article, however, reads more like a humorous legend or fable, so its veracity is questionable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An article in the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> of July 28, 1929, with the headline <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'Honky-Tonk' Origin Told", which was probably in response to the <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Tucker" title="Sophie Tucker">Sophie Tucker</a> movie musical, <i><a href="/wiki/Honky_Tonk_(1929_film)" title="Honky Tonk (1929 film)">Honky Tonk</a></i> (1929), reads: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>Do you know what a honky tonk is? </p><p><a href="/wiki/Seamanship" title="Seamanship">Seafaring</a> men of a few years ago knew very well, as the honky-tonks of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Barbary_Coast,_San_Francisco" title="Barbary Coast, San Francisco">Barbary Coast</a> constituted perhaps the most vivid spots in their generally uneventful lives. </p><p>The name originated on the Barbary Coast and was applied to the low "<a href="/wiki/Dive_bar" title="Dive bar">dives</a>" which formed so great a part of this notorious district. In these establishments, which were often of enormous size, much liquor was dispensed at the tables which crowded the floor, and entertainment of doubtful quality was given on a stage at one end of the room. </p><p>The honky tonk, as a matter of fact, was the predecessor of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">night club</a>, the principal differences being that the prices were lower and that the former establishment made no pretense of "<a href="/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class">class</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>In this context of the term’s meaning and its possible origin, an example from roughly the same period is the <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Oliver_Brooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Oliver Brooks">Harvey Oliver Brooks</a> song “They Call Me Sister Honky-Tonk,” sung by <a href="/wiki/Mae_West" title="Mae West">Mae West</a> in the 1933 film <a href="/wiki/I%27m_No_Angel" title="I'm No Angel">I’m No Angel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Honky-tonks were rough establishments, providing country music in the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southwest_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest United States">Southwest</a> and serving <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverages</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working-class</a> clientele. Some honky-tonks offered dancing to music played by pianists or small bands, and some were centers of <a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">prostitution</a>. Katrina Hazzard-Gordon wrote that the honky-tonk was "the first urban manifestation of the <a href="/wiki/Juke_joint" title="Juke joint">jook</a>", and that "the name itself became synonymous with a style of music. Related to the classic blues in tonal structure, honky-tonk has a tempo that is slightly stepped up. It is rhythmically suited for many African-American dance."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Chris_Smith_(composer)" title="Chris Smith (composer)">Chris Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_McCarron" title="Charles McCarron">Charles McCarron</a> wrote in their 1916 hit song "Down in Honky Tonk Town", "It's underneath the ground, where all the fun is found." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_of_the_establishment">Origins of the establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins of the establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the derivation of the term is unknown, <i>honky tonk</i> originally referred to bawdy variety shows in the <a href="/wiki/American_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American West">West</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian</a> Territories and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>) and to the theaters housing them. The earliest mention of them in print refers to them as "variety theaters"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and describe the entertainment as "variety shows".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theaters often had an attached gambling house and always a bar. </p><p>In recollections long after the frontiers closed, writers such as <a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Earp" title="Wyatt Earp">Wyatt Earp</a> and E.C. Abbott referred to honky-tonks in the cowtowns of Kansas, Nebraska, and Montana in the 1870s and 1880s.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their recollections contain lurid accounts of the women and violence accompanying the shows. However, in contemporary accounts these were nearly always called <a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">hurdy-gurdy</a> shows, possibly derived from the term <i>hurdy-gurdy</i>, which was sometimes mistakenly applied to a small, portable barrel organ that was frequently played by organ grinders and <a href="/wiki/Busker" class="mw-redirect" title="Busker">buskers</a>. </p><p>As late as 1913, Col. Edwin Emerson, a former <a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders">Rough Rider</a> commander, hosted a honky-tonk party in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rough Riders were recruited from the ranches of Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Indian Territories, so the term was still in popular use during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hank_Williams_MGM_Records_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Hank_Williams_MGM_Records_-_cropped.jpg/170px-Hank_Williams_MGM_Records_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Hank_Williams_MGM_Records_-_cropped.jpg/255px-Hank_Williams_MGM_Records_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Hank_Williams_MGM_Records_-_cropped.jpg/340px-Hank_Williams_MGM_Records_-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1284" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>, an influential honky-tonker from the 1940s and early 1950s</figcaption></figure> <p>The honky-tonk sound has a full rhythm section playing a two-beat rhythm with a crisp backbeat. <a href="/wiki/Steel_guitar" title="Steel guitar">Steel guitar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddle</a> are the dominant instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">music genre</a> to be commonly known as honky-tonk music was a style of <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> playing related to <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> but emphasizing <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a> more than <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a> or <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a>; the style evolved in response to an environment in which the pianos were often poorly cared for, tending to be out of tune and having some nonfunctioning keys. </p><p>Honky-tonk music influenced the <a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">boogie-woogie</a> piano style, as indicated by <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a>'s 1938 record "Honky Tonk Music" and <a href="/wiki/Meade_Lux_Lewis" title="Meade Lux Lewis">Meade Lux Lewis</a>'s hit "Honky Tonk Train Blues." Lewis recorded the latter many times from 1927 into the 1950s, and the song was covered by many other musicians, including <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson" title="Oscar Peterson">Oscar Peterson</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Twelve-bar_blues" title="Twelve-bar blues">twelve-bar blues</a> <a href="/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental">instrumental</a> "<a href="/wiki/Honky_Tonk_(composition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Honky Tonk (composition)">Honky Tonk</a>" by the <a href="/wiki/Bill_Doggett" title="Bill Doggett">Bill Doggett</a> Combo, with a sinuous <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophone</a> line and driving, slow beat, was an early <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> hit. <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> native <a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a> was another honky-tonk piano man, whose "<a href="/wiki/Blueberry_Hill_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blueberry Hill (song)">Blueberry Hill</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Walking_to_New_Orleans_(song)" title="Walking to New Orleans (song)">Walkin' to New Orleans</a>" were hits on the popular music charts. </p><p>In the years before World War II, the music industry began to refer to honky-tonk music played from Texas and Oklahoma to the West Coast as <i><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillbilly music">hillbilly music</a></i>. More recently, the term has come to refer to the primary sound in <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a>, developing in Nashville as <a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a> became accepted there. Originally, it featured the <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">fiddle</a>, <a href="/wiki/String_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="String bass">string bass</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steel_guitar" title="Steel guitar">steel guitar</a> (imported from <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hawaii#Folk_music" title="Music of Hawaii">Hawaiian folk music</a>). The vocals were originally rough and nasal, as exemplified by the singer-songwriters <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Tillman" title="Floyd Tillman">Floyd Tillman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>, but later developed a clear and sharp sound, such as that of <a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faron_Young" title="Faron Young">Faron Young</a>. Lyrics tended to focus on working-class life, with frequently tragic themes of lost love, adultery, loneliness, alcoholism, and self-pity. </p><p>Copyrighted and released in 1941, "<a href="/wiki/Walking_the_Floor_Over_You" title="Walking the Floor Over You">Walking the Floor Over You</a>", by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Tubb" title="Ernest Tubb">Ernest Tubb</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his sixth release for <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> helped establish the honky-tonk style and Tubb as one of its foremost practitioners.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tubb, from Crisp, Texas, was a fan of Jimmie Rodgers and fused Western swing, which had been using electric guitars for years, with other "country" sounds.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He took the sound to Nashville, where he was the first musician to play <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitar</a> on <a href="/wiki/Grand_Ole_Opry" title="Grand Ole Opry">Grand Ole Opry</a>. In the 1950s, honky tonk entered its <a href="/wiki/Golden_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age">golden age</a>, with the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Webb_Pierce" title="Webb Pierce">Webb Pierce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hank_Locklin" title="Hank Locklin">Hank Locklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lefty_Frizzell" title="Lefty Frizzell">Lefty Frizzell</a>, Faron Young, George Jones, and Hank Williams. In the mid- to late 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> (which melded honky-tonk country with <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>) and the slick country music of the <a href="/wiki/Nashville_sound" title="Nashville sound">Nashville sound</a> ended honky-tonk's initial period of dominance. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>' number-one single and gold record "<a href="/wiki/Honky_Tonk_Women" title="Honky Tonk Women">Honky Tonk Women</a>" (1969) was based on the sound of 1940s honky-tonk artists like Hank Williams<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and referred to the reputation of honky-tonk bars as centres of prostitution.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">outlaw country</a>'s brand of rough honky-tonk was represented by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Gary_Stewart_(singer)" title="Gary Stewart (singer)">Gary Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Jennings" title="Waylon Jennings">Waylon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Allan_Coe" title="David Allan Coe">David Allan Coe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joe_Shaver" title="Billy Joe Shaver">Billy Joe Shaver</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dive_bar" title="Dive bar">Dive bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juke_joint" title="Juke joint">Juke joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_house_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of public house topics">List of public house topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Honky_Tonk_Man" title="The Honky Tonk Man">The Honky Tonk Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honky" title="Honky">Honky</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.becomingrichardpryor.com/pryors-peoria/assets/Peoriana_Adaline_Cole_all.pdf"><i>Underworld – Women</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, “Peoriana” collection, Peoria Public Library, pp. 2335–2342</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Underworld+%E2%80%93+Women&rft.pages=2335-2342&rft.pub=%E2%80%9CPeoriana%E2%80%9D+collection%2C+Peoria+Public+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.becomingrichardpryor.com%2Fpryors-peoria%2Fassets%2FPeoriana_Adaline_Cole_all.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHonky-tonk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Dallas Morning News</i> (Dallas, Texas), August 6, 1890: "Myself and him set and talked awhile and he got up and said he wanted to go to the honk-a-tonk (variety show)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Galveston Daily News</i>, July 26, 1892, p. 6: "Fort Worth, Tex. (...) A youth named Goodman, who arrived here from Wilbarger county entered Andrews' honkatonk on Fifteenth street and was ordered out on account of his age." (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barrypopik.com/article/1686/honky-tonk-not-from-tonk-pianos"><i>Honky Tonk (Not from Tonk Pianos)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Honky+Tonk+%28Not+from+Tonk+Pianos%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrypopik.com%2Farticle%2F1686%2Fhonky-tonk-not-from-tonk-pianos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHonky-tonk" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Daily Ardmoreite</i> (Oklahoma), February 26, 1894, p. 2, col. 1. (Oklahoma Historical Society, Microfilm #110). "The honk-a-tonk last night was well attended by ball heads, bachelors and leading citizens. Most of them are inclined to kick themselves this morning for being sold."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierce, <i>Pierce Piano Atlas</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sweeny_Piano.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sweeny_Piano.com_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sweeneypiano.com/interstate/manufacturers/ny_piano_manufacturers.cfm">"Piano Manufacturers New York State 1789–1911"</a>. <i>Sweeneypiano.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sweeneypiano.com&rft.atitle=Piano+Manufacturers+New+York+State+1789%E2%80%931911&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sweeneypiano.com%2Finterstate%2Fmanufacturers%2Fny_piano_manufacturers.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHonky-tonk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Tonk Manufacturing Company records</i>. January 21, 1873. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/713358409">713358409</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tonk+Manufacturing+Company+records&rft.date=1873-01-21&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F713358409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHonky-tonk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTonk2019" class="citation web cs1">Tonk, William (January 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KdzNQEACAAJ">"Memoirs of a Manufacturer"</a>. Presto<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2019</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+a+Manufacturer&rft.pub=Presto&rft.date=2019-01-21&rft.aulast=Tonk&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0KdzNQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHonky-tonk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-hon2.htm">"World Wide Words: Honky-tonk"</a>. <i>World Wide Words</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Wide+Words&rft.atitle=World+Wide+Words%3A+Honky-tonk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwidewords.org%2Fqa%2Fqa-hon2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHonky-tonk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reno Evening Gazette</i> (Nevada), February 3, 1900, p. 2, col. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/385498508/"><span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'Honky-Tonk' Origin Told"</a>.<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span> <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. July 28, 1929. p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0024166/soundtrack/">"I'm No Angel (1933) - Soundtracks"</a>. <i>IMDb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb.com&rft.atitle=I%27m+No+Angel+%281933%29+-+Soundtracks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0024166%2Fsoundtrack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHonky-tonk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hazzard-Gordon, Katrina (1990). <i>Jookin<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></i>. Temple University Press. p. 84. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87722-613-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87722-613-X">0-87722-613-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Daily Oklahoman</i>, Sunday, September 5, 1915, p. 1., col. 1. "There is scarcely an old-time gambler in the United States who does not remember the Reeves gambling house and 'honkytonk' in Guthrie. ... a stage and rows of curtained boxes, was built as an addition for the purposes of a free-and-easy variety show."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reno Evening Gazette</i> (Nevada), February 3, 1900, p. 2, col. 5. "The programme is made up largely of specialties. Whatever the feeling of a long-suffering public, the honkatonk vocalists never will permit 'Sweet Rosie O'Grady' and 'Just One Girl' to perish from the earth, and coon songs are sung as May Irwin never did and never will sing them. Always at least one drama is presented, the entire company, vocalists, dancers and all, participating. Among the most popular plays are 'The Dalton Boys' and 'Mildred, the She-Devil of the Plains,' for the old traditions still are respected to a certain extent, though the participation of the audience is no longer solicited."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/books/texasclassics/traildrivers/txu-oclc-12198638-c-0832.html"><i>Trail Drivers of Texas</i>, p. 832</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060716234521/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/books/texasclassics/traildrivers/txu-oclc-12198638-c-0832.html">Archived</a> July 16, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "I went to Dodge City, the honkatonk town, cleaned up an bought a suit of clothes, and left for San Antonio, reaching home July 1, 1885."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Col. Emerson's Novel Party; Rough Rider Veteran Gives 'Old Forty-niners' Honky-Tonk Fandango<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>". <i>The New York Times</i>, February 23, 1913. p. C7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, Michael (2011). <i>Popular Music in America: The Beat Goes On</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cengage_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cengage Learning">Cengage Learning</a>. p. 127. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780840029768" title="Special:BookSources/9780840029768">9780840029768</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sheetmusicnow.com/products/walking-the-floor-over-you-p391479">"Walking The Floor Over You" Sheet Music by George IV Hamilton</a>, SheetMusicNow.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countrymusichalloffame.org/artist/ernest-tubb/">Ernest Tubb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_Music_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum">Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://countrymusichalloffame.org/%7Bstash:permalink%7D">[1]</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morrison, Craig (1952). <i>Go Cat Go!</i> University of Illinois Press. p. 28. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-06538-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-06538-7">0-252-06538-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nassour, Ellis. <i>Honky Tonk Angel: The Intimate Story of Patsy Cline</i>. p. 39. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1556527470" title="Special:BookSources/978-1556527470">978-1556527470</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppleford,_Steve1997" class="citation cs2">Appleford, Steve (1997), <i>The Rolling Stones: It's Only Rock and Roll: Song by Song</i>, Schirmer Books, p. 88, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-864899-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-864899-4"><bdi>0-02-864899-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rolling+Stones%3A+It%27s+Only+Rock+and+Roll%3A+Song+by+Song&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Schirmer+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-02-864899-4&rft.au=Appleford%2C+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHonky-tonk" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelissa_Hope_Ditmore2006" class="citation cs2">Melissa Hope Ditmore, ed. (2006), <i>Encyclopedia of Prostitution and Sex Work, Volume 2</i>, London: Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 407, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32970-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32970-2"><bdi>0-313-32970-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Prostitution+and+Sex+Work%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=London&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-313-32970-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHonky-tonk" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honky-tonk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Honky_tonk_bars" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Honky tonk bars">Honky tonk bars</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Honky-tonk" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Honky-tonk">Honky-tonk</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/honky-tonk" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:honky-tonk">honky-tonk</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Abbott, E.C. (2000). <i>We Pointed Them North: Recollections of a Cowpuncher</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040408162226/http://oupress.com/bookdetail.asp?isbn=0-8061-1366-9">Norman: University of Oklahoma Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-1366-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-1366-9">0-8061-1366-9</a>.</li> <li>American Dialect Society (2005). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070329144334/http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0512d&L=ads-l&P=6957">Honkatonk (1900, from wild geese?)</a>". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americandialect.org/">American Dialect Society</a>. Retrieved July 16, 2006.</li> <li>Boyd, Jean Ann (1998). <i>Jazz of the Southwest: An Oral History of Western Swing</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/books/boyjaz.html">Austin: University of Texas Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-70860-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-70860-2">0-292-70860-2</a>.</li> <li>Dary, David (1989). <i>Cowboy Culture: A Saga of Five Centuries</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060720182713/http://www.kansaspress.ku.edu/darcow.html">University Press of Kansas</a>. Reprint ed. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-0390-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-0390-5">0-7006-0390-5</a>.</li> <li>Hunter, J. Marvin (ed.) (1993). <i>Trail Drivers of Texas: Interesting Sketches of Early Cowboys</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exhuntra.html">Austin: University of Texas Press.</a> Reprint of 1925 edition. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-73076-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-73076-4">0-292-73076-4</a>.</li> <li>Kienzle, Rich (2003). <i>Southwest Shuffle: Pioneers of Honky Tonk, Western Swing, and Country Jazz</i>. New York: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-94102-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-94102-4">0-415-94102-4</a>.</li> <li>Lake, Stuart (1994). <i>Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal</i>. Pocket. Reprint ed. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-88537-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-88537-5">0-671-88537-5</a>.</li> <li>Pierce, Bob; Ashley, Larry (1996). <i>Pierce Piano Atlas</i>. 10th ed. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-911138-02-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-911138-02-1">0-911138-02-1</a>.</li> <li>Shay, Anthony. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060716032724/http://phantomranch.net/folkdanc/articles/boysnite.htm">Boys Night Out in Leadville</a></i>. Retrieved July 16, 2006.</li> <li>Tennessean Tootsies' <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tennessean.com/picture-gallery/entertainment/music/2016/10/11/photos-tootsies-56th-birthday-bash/91917732/">56th Birthday Bash</a> October 2016</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Cider_house" title="Cider house">Cider house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cigar_bar" title="Cigar bar">Cigar bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Coffeehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_bar" title="Dive bar">Dive bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern_bar" title="Fern bar">Fern bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bar" title="Gay bar">Gay bar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Honky tonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bar" title="Ice bar">Ice bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izakaya" title="Izakaya">Izakaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Juice bar">Juice bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juke_joint" title="Juke joint">Juke joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumak" title="Jumak">Jumak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kretscham" title="Kretscham">Kretscham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyhane" title="Meyhane">Meyhane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_officers%27_club" title="Military officers' club">Military officers' club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzeri" title="Ouzeri">Ouzeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">Pub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulqueria" title="Pulqueria">Pulqueria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratskeller" title="Ratskeller">Ratskeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebeen" title="Shebeen">Shebeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_saloon" title="Western saloon">(Western) saloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub#Saloon_or_lounge" title="Pub">Saloon (bar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavern" title="Tavern">Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiki_bar" title="Tiki bar">Tiki bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toddy_shop" title="Toddy shop">Toddy shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bar" title="Wine bar">Wine bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pubs_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubs in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubs_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubs in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubs_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubs in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubs_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubs in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taverns_in_North_America" title="Taverns in North America">North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">Drinking culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_drinking_establishment%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of drinking establishment–related articles">Index of drinking establishment–related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bars" title="List of bars">List of bars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Country_music_genres" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Country_music" title="Template:Country music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Country_music" title="Template talk:Country music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Country_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Country music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Country_music_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_country_genres" title="List of country genres">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_bluegrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive bluegrass">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_bluegrass" title="Traditional bluegrass">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_country_music" title="Christian country music">Christian country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music#Latin_America" title="Country music">Country en Español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_and_Irish" title="Country and Irish">Country and Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_pop" title="Country pop">Country pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bro-country" title="Bro-country">Bro-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_pop" title="Cowboy pop">Cowboy pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rap" title="Country rap">Country rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_country" title="Alternative country">Alternative country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_music" title="Americana music">Americana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowpunk" title="Cowpunk">Cowpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_country" title="Gothic country">Gothic country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Western" title="Gothic Western">Gothic Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothabilly" title="Gothabilly">Gothabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychobilly" title="Psychobilly">Psychobilly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">Heartland rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honky-tonk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Honky-tonk music">Honky-tonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotraditional_country" title="Neotraditional country">Neotraditional country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_country" title="Progressive country">Progressive country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertanejo_music" title="Sertanejo music">Sertanejo music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_soul" title="Southern soul">Southern soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talking_blues" title="Talking blues">Talking blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Traditional country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck-driving_country" title="Truck-driving country">Truck-driving country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_dirt_music" title="Red dirt music">Red dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_country_music" title="Texas country music">Texas country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music_in_Atlanta" title="Country music in Atlanta">Atlantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_country_music" title="Australian country music">Australian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_band" title="Bush band">Bush band</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield_sound" title="Bakersfield sound">Bakersfield sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_country_music" title="Canadian country music">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fiddle" title="Canadian fiddle">Canadian fiddle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_fiddling" title="Cape Breton fiddling">Cape Breton fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_fiddle" title="Métis fiddle">Métis fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_fiddle" title="Quebec fiddle">Quebec fiddle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Music of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland & Labrador</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas#Music" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_sound" title="Nashville sound">Nashville sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music_in_Nigeria" title="Country music in Nigeria">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_country_music" class="mw-redirect" title="British country music">UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scrumpy_and_Western" title="Scrumpy and Western">West Country / Scrumpy and Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_music" title="Cajun music">Cajun music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_country" title="Classic country">Classic country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_radio" title="Country radio">Country radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_folk_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americanrootsmusic" title="Template:Americanrootsmusic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americanrootsmusic" title="Template talk:Americanrootsmusic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americanrootsmusic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americanrootsmusic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_folk_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American folk music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">Old-time</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajun_music" title="Cajun music">Cajun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_pop" title="Swamp pop">Swamp pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">Folk revival</a> (1950s–60s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_North_America" title="Indigenous music of North America">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_dirt_music" title="Red dirt music">Red dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">African-American music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creole_music" title="Creole music">Creole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zydeco" title="Zydeco">Zydeco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_band" title="Jug band">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">Spirituals</a> <ul><li><a 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