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Robert Curl – Wikipedia

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Tillgänglig på 54 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – enaresamiska" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84" title="روبرت كيرل – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت كيرل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kerl" title="Robert Kerl – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Robert Kerl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="رابرت کرل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رابرت کرل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2" title="রবার্ট কার্ল – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রবার্ট কার্ল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Роберт Кёрл – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Кёрл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Робърт Кърл – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робърт Кърл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Curl" title="Robert F. Curl – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert F. Curl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Curl" title="Robert F. Curl – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert F. Curl" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="رابرت کرل – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت کرل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – skotsk gaeliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gaeliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%BB%AC" title="로버트 컬 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 컬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Floyd_Curl" title="Robert Floyd Curl – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Floyd Curl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C" title="רוברט קורל – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט קורל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_F._Curl_Jr." title="Robertus F. Curl Jr. – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus F. Curl Jr." data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Curl_Jr." title="Robert F. Curl Jr. – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Robert F. Curl Jr." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84" title="روبرت كيرل – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت كيرل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="رابرت کرل – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رابرت کرل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ロバート・カール – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・カール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="رابرٹ کرل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رابرٹ کرل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Floyd_Curl" title="Robert Floyd Curl – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Robert Floyd Curl" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Кёрл, Роберт – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кёрл, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Роберт Көрл – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роберт Көрл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Роберт Керл – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Керл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="رابرٹ کرل – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رابرٹ کرل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94" title="罗伯特·柯尔 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗伯特·柯尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Curl"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Curl"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Robert+Curl"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Robert_Curl&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&amp;printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Curl" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110930" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button 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caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;"><span class="fn">Robert Curl <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobelmedalj.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelpristagare i kemi 1996"><img alt="Nobelpristagare i kemi 1996" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/20px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/30px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Nobelmedalj.svg/40px-Nobelmedalj.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg/250px-Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg/375px-Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg/500px-Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="675" /></a></span> <div style=""><span class="Wikidata_P18_P2096">Robert Curl 2009.</span></div></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Född</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/23_augusti" title="23 augusti">23 augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a><sup id="cite_ref-620e1c85ddcff1b8b59a034c3f8b2bdd6602345d_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-620e1c85ddcff1b8b59a034c3f8b2bdd6602345d-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e32e9adc877033d2a73a810b638896338a19bca5_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e32e9adc877033d2a73a810b638896338a19bca5-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84d5af4dabcd2282e17f16a2d93110844a0689c2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84d5af4dabcd2282e17f16a2d93110844a0689c2-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Alice,_Texas" title="Alice, Texas">Alice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Död</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/3_juli" title="3 juli">3 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a> (88&#160;år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston</a>, Texas, USA</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Medborgare&#160;i</th><td class="kategori" style=""><a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Utbildad vid</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Adams_High_School&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Adams High School [inte skriven än]">William Adams High School</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jefferson_High_School&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Jefferson High School [inte skriven än]">Thomas Jefferson High School</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110930?uselang=sv#P69"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Sysselsättning</th><td class="roll" style=""><a href="/wiki/Kemist" title="Kemist">Kemist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universitetsl%C3%A4rare" title="Universitetslärare">universitetslärare</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">Arbetsgivare</th><td class="org" style=""><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; text-align:left">Utmärkelser</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_C._McGroddy-priset_f%C3%B6r_nya_material&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James C. McGroddy-priset för nya material [inte skriven än]">James C. McGroddy-priset för nya material</a><small> (1992)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_kemi" title="Nobelpriset i kemi">Nobelpriset i kemi</a><small> (1996)</small><sup id="cite_ref-ae3c1248526b466c197387275227cda99fdb8b00_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ae3c1248526b466c197387275227cda99fdb8b00-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f46543468d6dc357da75aaf287c357b7c40bfab4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f46543468d6dc357da75aaf287c357b7c40bfab4-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol-medaljen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kol-medaljen [inte skriven än]">Kol-medaljen</a><small> (1997)</small><sup id="cite_ref-e31c5cbcf8eeef4947746b34dbcde9019358cff9_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e31c5cbcf8eeef4947746b34dbcde9019358cff9-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centenary_Prize_fr%C3%A5n_Royal_Society_of_Chemistry&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Centenary Prize från Royal Society of Chemistry [inte skriven än]">Centenary Prize från Royal Society of Chemistry</a><small> (1998)</small><br />Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi<sup id="cite_ref-ec29d66115ba98643202713d655fb3358cf5b9e8_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec29d66115ba98643202713d655fb3358cf5b9e8-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Alexander von Humboldt-stipendiat<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humboldtpriset&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Humboldtpriset [inte skriven än]">Humboldtpriset</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left" class=""><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Robert_Curl" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/svwiki/Robert Curl">Redigera Wikidata</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Floyd Curl Jr.</b>, född <a href="/wiki/23_augusti" title="23 augusti">23 augusti</a> <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alice,_Texas" title="Alice, Texas">Alice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, död <a href="/wiki/3_juli" title="3 juli">3 juli</a> <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a> i <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston</a>, Texas,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> var en <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">amerikansk</a> kemist. Han tilldelades, tillsammans med <a href="/wiki/Sir_Harold_Kroto" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Harold Kroto">Sir Harold Kroto</a> och <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Smalley" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard E. Smalley">Richard E. Smalley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_kemi" title="Nobelpriset i kemi">Nobelpriset i kemi</a> <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a> "<i>för deras upptäckt av fullerener.</i>" </p><p>Curl, Kroto och Smalley upptäckte 1985 två nya former av kol, s.k. <a href="/wiki/Fullerener" class="mw-redirect" title="Fullerener">fullerener</a>, där kolatomerna sitter i slutna skal. Antalet kolatomer i skalen kan variera och ytterligare fullerener har sedan upptäckts. De tidigare kända formerna av kol var <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a> (2 former), <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> (2 former), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaoit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaoit [inte skriven än]">kaoit</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol(VI)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kol(VI) [inte skriven än]">kol(VI)</a>. </p><p>Fullerener bildas då förgasat kol kondenseras i en atmosfär av <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">heliumgas</a>. De förgasade kolatomerna slår sig samman till grupper med upp till några hundra kolatomer. Gasen leds in i en vakuumkammare, där den expanderar och kyls ned till några grader över den <a href="/wiki/Absoluta_nollpunkten" title="Absoluta nollpunkten">absoluta nollpunkten</a>. Man fann att kluster med 60 kolatomer var speciellt stabila, vilket tydde på en molekylstruktur med hög symmetri. Man föreslog därför att molekylen kunde vara en s.k. trunkerad <a href="/wiki/Ikosaeder" title="Ikosaeder">ikosaeder</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Polyeder" title="Polyeder">polyeder</a> med 20 regelbundna sexhörningar och 12 regelbundna femhörningar jämförbart med mönstret på en fotboll. Genom ytterligare forskning under slutet på <a href="/wiki/1980-talet" title="1980-talet">1980-talet</a> och början på <a href="/wiki/1990-talet" title="1990-talet">1990-talet</a> kunde Curl, Kroto och Smalley visa att den föreslagna strukturen var riktig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-620e1c85ddcff1b8b59a034c3f8b2bdd6602345d-1"><a href="#cite_ref-620e1c85ddcff1b8b59a034c3f8b2bdd6602345d_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="latin">Encyclopædia Britannica</span></i>, Encyclopædia Britannica Online-ID: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-F-Curl-Jr">biography/Robert-F-Curl-Jr</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Britannica-Online">topic/Britannica-Online</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e32e9adc877033d2a73a810b638896338a19bca5-2"><a href="#cite_ref-e32e9adc877033d2a73a810b638896338a19bca5_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Brockhaus Enzyklopädie">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Brockhaus_Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Brockhaus Enzyklopädie">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie-ID</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/curl-robert-f">curl-robert-f</a>, läst: 9 oktober 2017.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84d5af4dabcd2282e17f16a2d93110844a0689c2-3"><a href="#cite_ref-84d5af4dabcd2282e17f16a2d93110844a0689c2_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><span title="kroatiska">Proleksis enciklopedija</span></i>, Proleksis lexikon ämne: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proleksis.lzmk.hr/53151">53151</a>.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ae3c1248526b466c197387275227cda99fdb8b00-4"><a href="#cite_ref-ae3c1248526b466c197387275227cda99fdb8b00_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1996/summary/"><span title="engelska">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996</span></a>, Nobelprize.org</i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelstiftelsen</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1996/summary/">läs online</a>, läst: 4 februari 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f46543468d6dc357da75aaf287c357b7c40bfab4-5"><a href="#cite_ref-f46543468d6dc357da75aaf287c357b7c40bfab4_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf"><span title="engelska">Table showing prize amounts</span></a></i> (på engelska), <a href="/wiki/Nobelstiftelsen" title="Nobelstiftelsen">Nobelstiftelsen</a>, april 2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2019/04/prize-amounts-2020.pdf">läs online</a>, läst: 4 februari 2021.<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e31c5cbcf8eeef4947746b34dbcde9019358cff9-6"><a href="#cite_ref-e31c5cbcf8eeef4947746b34dbcde9019358cff9_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americancarbonsociety.org/home/about/awards/#carbon">läs online</a>, <i>www.americancarbonsociety.org</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ec29d66115ba98643202713d655fb3358cf5b9e8-7"><a href="#cite_ref-ec29d66115ba98643202713d655fb3358cf5b9e8_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/who-we-are/our-people/our-fellows/all-honorary-fellows/">läs online</a>, <i>www.royalsociety.org.nz</i> .<sup><small>[källa från Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/chemistry-nobel-laureate-robert-curl-dies-at-88/4015908.article">Chemistry Nobel laureate Robert Curl dies at 88</a> <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1996/summary/">Nobelprize.org, Nobelpriset i kemi 1996</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1996/curl/auto-biography/">Nobelprize.org, Robert F Curl Jr. – självbiografi</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#FFE974;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Nobelpristagare_i_kemi" title="Mall:Nobelpristagare i kemi"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Nobelpristagare_i_kemi&amp;action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelpriset_i_kemi" title="Nobelpriset i kemi">Nobelpristagare i kemi</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1901–1925</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%E2%80%99t_Hoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff">van&#160;’t&#160;Hoff</a>&#160;(1901)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Fischer</a>&#160;(1902)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Arrhenius</a>&#160;(1903)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">Ramsay</a>&#160;(1904)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">von&#160;Baeyer</a>&#160;(1905)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Moissan</a>&#160;(1906)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Buchner</a>&#160;(1907)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a>&#160;(1908)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Ostwald</a>&#160;(1909)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Wallach</a>&#160;(1910)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Curie</a>&#160;(1911)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Grignard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(kemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (kemist)">Sabatier</a>&#160;(1912)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Werner</a>&#160;(1913)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Richards" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Richards">Richards</a>&#160;(1914)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Willstätter</a>&#160;(1915)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <i>Inga&#160;priser&#160;udelades&#160;1916–1917.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Haber</a>&#160;(1918)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <i>Inget&#160;pris&#160;utdelades&#160;1919.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Nernst</a>&#160;(1920)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a>&#160;(1921)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Aston" title="Francis Aston">Aston</a>&#160;(1922)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Pregl</a>&#160;(1923)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <i>Inget&#160;pris&#160;utdelades&#160;1924.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Zsigmondy">Zsigmondy</a>&#160;(1925)</div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="9"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/90px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/120px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1926–1950</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/The_Svedberg" title="The Svedberg">Svedberg</a>&#160;(1926)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wieland" title="Heinrich Wieland">Wieland</a>&#160;(1927)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Windaus</a>&#160;(1928)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Harden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">von&#160;Euler-Chelpin</a>&#160;(1929)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Fischer</a>&#160;(1930)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Bergius</a>&#160;(1931)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Langmuir</a>&#160;(1932)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <i>Inget&#160;pris&#160;utdelades&#160;1933.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Urey</a>&#160;(1934)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric Joliot">Joliot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Joliot-Curie</a>&#160;(1935)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Debye</a>&#160;(1936)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Haworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Karrer</a>&#160;(1937)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Kuhn</a>&#160;(1938)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Butenandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ruzicka" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopold Ruzicka">Ruzicka</a>&#160;(1939)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <i>Inga&#160;priser&#160;udelades&#160;1940–1942.</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">de&#160;Hevesy</a>&#160;(1943)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a>&#160;(1944)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Virtanen" title="Artturi Virtanen">Virtanen</a>&#160;(1945)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/James_Sumner" title="James Sumner">Sumner</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Northrop" title="John Northrop">Northrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Stanley" title="Wendell Stanley">Stanley</a>&#160;(1946)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robinson</a>&#160;(1947)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Tiselius</a>&#160;(1948)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">Giauque</a>&#160;(1949)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Diels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Alder</a>&#160;(1950)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1951–1975</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Seaborg</a>&#160;(1951)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Synge" title="Richard Synge">Synge</a>&#160;(1952)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Staudinger</a>&#160;(1953)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a>&#160;(1954)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">du&#160;Vigneaud</a>&#160;(1955)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Hinshelwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Semjonov" title="Nikolaj Semjonov">Semjonov</a>&#160;(1956)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Robertus_Todd" title="Alexander Robertus Todd">Todd</a>&#160;(1957)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a>&#160;(1958)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaroslav Heyrovsky">Heyrovsky</a>&#160;(1959)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Frank_Libby" title="Willard Frank Libby">Libby</a>&#160;(1960)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Calvin</a>&#160;(1961)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">Kendrew</a>&#160;(1962)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler_(kemist)" title="Karl Ziegler (kemist)">Ziegler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Natta</a>&#160;(1963)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>&#160;(1964)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Woodward</a>&#160;(1965)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mulliken" title="Robert Mulliken">Mulliken</a>&#160;(1966)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Eigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Norrish" title="Ronald Norrish">Norrish</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">Porter</a>&#160;(1967)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Onsager</a>&#160;(1968)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Hassel</a>&#160;(1969)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Leloir" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Leloir">Leloir</a>&#160;(1970)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Herzberg</a>&#160;(1971)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Anfinsen" title="Christian Anfinsen">Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Stein" title="William Stein">Stein</a>&#160;(1972)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a>&#160;(1973)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Flory</a>&#160;(1974)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">Cornforth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Prelog</a>&#160;(1975)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">1976–2000</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a>&#160;(1976)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a>&#160;(1977)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell" title="Peter Mitchell">Mitchell</a>&#160;(1978)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a>&#160;(1979)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg_(kemist)" title="Paul Berg (kemist)">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a>&#160;(1980)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Fukui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>&#160;(1981)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a>&#160;(1982)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a>&#160;(1983)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Merrifield" title="Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a>&#160;(1984)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hauptman" title="Herbert Hauptman">Hauptman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a>&#160;(1985)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_C._Polanyi" class="mw-redirect" title="John C. Polanyi">Polanyi</a>&#160;(1986)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Pedersen</a>&#160;(1987)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a>&#160;(1988)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Cech" title="Thomas R. Cech">Cech</a>&#160;(1989)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a>&#160;(1990)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Ernst</a>&#160;(1991)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Marcus</a>&#160;(1992)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith" title="Michael Smith">Smith</a>&#160;(1993)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/George_A._Olah" title="George A. Olah">Olah</a>&#160;(1994)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Molina</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a>&#160;(1995)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Smalley</a>&#160;(1996)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">Walker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a>&#160;(1997)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a>&#160;(1998)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewali</a>&#160;(1999)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a>&#160;(2000)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#FFF9A5;;">Från 2001</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_S._Knowles" title="William S. Knowles">Knowles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryoji_Noyori" title="Ryoji Noyori">Noyori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a>&#160;(2001)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn" title="John Fenn">Fenn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Tanaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Wüthrich</a>&#160;(2002)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Agre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a>&#160;(2003)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Ciechanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Hershko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Rose</a>&#160;(2004)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Chauvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Grubbs">Grubbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Schrock" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Schrock">Schrock</a>&#160;(2005)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Kornberg</a>&#160;(2006)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Ertl</a>&#160;(2007)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien">Tsien</a>&#160;(2008)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Steitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ada_E._Yonath" class="mw-redirect" title="Ada E. Yonath">Yonath</a>&#160;(2009)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Heck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Negishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Suzuki</a>&#160;(2010)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Shechtman</a>&#160;(2011)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Kobilka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Lefkowitz</a>&#160;(2012)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Karplus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt" title="Michael Levitt">Levitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Wershel</a>&#160;(2013)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Betzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Hell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">Moerner</a>&#160;(2014)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Lindahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Modrich" title="Paul Modrich">Modrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Sancar</a>&#160;(2015)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Stoddart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Feringa</a>&#160;(2016)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Dubochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson" title="Richard Henderson">Henderson</a>&#160;(2017)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_P._Smith" title="George P. 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Stanley Whittingham">Whittingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Yoshino</a>&#160;(2019)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Charpentier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a>&#160;(2020)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">List</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">MacMillan</a>&#160;(2021)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Bertozzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morten_Meldal" title="Morten Meldal">Meldal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Sharpless</a>&#160;(2022)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span><a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. 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