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class="site-inner"><div class="wrap"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><article class="type-post entry" aria-label="ZettaScale designs Zenoh to transcend DDS for automotive, ROS communications"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title">ZettaScale designs Zenoh to transcend DDS for automotive, ROS communications</h1> <p class="entry-meta"><span class="entry-author">By <a href="https://www.therobotreport.com/author/edemaitre/" class="entry-author-link" rel="author"><span class="entry-author-name">Eugene Demaitre</span></a></span> | <time class="entry-time">November 18, 2024</time></p></header><div class="entry-content"> <table id="amazon-polly-audio-table"> <tr> <td id="amazon-polly-audio-tab"> <div id="amazon-ai-player-label">Listen to this article</div> <div id="amazon-ai-player-container"> <audio class="amazon-ai-player" id="amazon-ai-player" preload="none" controls > <source type="audio/mpeg" 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href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.therobotreport.com%2Fzettascale-designs-zenoh-to-transcend-dds-for-automotive-ros-communications%2F&linkname=ZettaScale%20designs%20Zenoh%20to%20transcend%20DDS%20for%20automotive%2C%20ROS%20communications" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div><div id="attachment_581633" style="width: 780px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-581633" class="size-full wp-image-581633" src="https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ROS2_Zenoh.jpg" alt="Zenoh is middleware designed to work across technologies, says ZettaScale." width="770" height="496" srcset="https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ROS2_Zenoh.jpg 770w, https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ROS2_Zenoh-300x193.jpg 300w, https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ROS2_Zenoh-150x97.jpg 150w, https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ROS2_Zenoh-768x495.jpg 768w, https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ROS2_Zenoh-368x238.jpg 368w" sizes="(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px" /><p id="caption-attachment-581633" class="wp-caption-text">Zenoh is middleware designed to enable scalable data communication across technologies. Source: ZettaScale</p></div> <p>While multiple industries could benefit from mobile robots, the standard Data Distribution Service or DDS middleware has difficulty keeping up in wireless environments, according to ZettaScale Technology Ltd. This limits communications and scalability, said the France-based company.</p> <p>ZettaScale has developed the Zenoh protocol, which it said provides robust communication in dynamic environments for vehicles, Internet of Things (<a href="https://www.therobotreport.com/tag/iot/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IoT</a>) devices, and robots. In 2022, the <a href="https://www.zettascale.tech/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">company</a> spun out of DDS research and development for traffic control in aerospace and military applications, explained <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/corsaro/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Angelo Corsaro</a>, chief technology officer and CEO of ZettaScale.</p> <p>Last month, the Eclipse Foundation <a href="https://www.zettascale.tech/news/eclipse-zenoh-1-0-0-takes-flight/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">announced</a> the release of Eclipse Zenoh 1.0.0, an <a href="https://www.therobotreport.com/tag/open-source/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">open-source</a> protocol to integrate communication, storage, and computation in embedded systems and across <a href="https://www.therobotreport.com/tag/cloud-robotics/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cloud</a> platforms. The foundation and ZettaScale noted that the new release builds on years of work and real-world deployment experience.</p> <h2>DDS works well, with limits</h2> <p>In 2015, efforts to design a resilient protocol to replace IP for the next-generation Internet were still based on telephone circuit switching. DDS was optimized for its original intent, but it had limitations, noted Corsaro.</p> <p>“Our team also did some of the early smart-city work, [such as] Nice in France and with Schneider and Cisco in Barcelona,” he told <em>The Robot Report</em>. “One struggle we had was that, for systems spanning from a microcontroller to a data center, we had to put together two to three different protocols for data flow. DDS wouldn’t fit on a microcontroller, and the wire protocol wasn’t designed for constrained networks.”</p> <p>“The issue is DDS was used outside of its design space,” Corsaro explained. “When we designed DDS, the use case was a closed system a wired network, and the assumption that there was low packet loss. And that happens in a system that is well-dimensioned.”</p> <p>“So DDS came out of naval combat management system, where you have a system that is completely well-dimensioned,” he added. “There is, on average, the 50% CPU and the network that is left empty. And everything is dimensioned so that you can use multicast and you don’t lose packet. Systems are powerful and symmetrical. In that context, DDS rocks, but if you move out of that context, then it gets complicated.”</p> <hr /> <p style="text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-568305" src="https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/RSE25_728x90_CallforPresentations_Vs1.png" alt="SITE AD for the 2025 Robotics Summit call for presentations." width="728" height="90" /> <a href="https://www.roboticssummit.com/call-for-presentations/?utm_source=therobotreport&utm_medium=banner&utm_id=callforpreso" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apply to speak</a>.</p> <hr /> <h2>Zenoh designed to manage data at rest and in motion</h2> <p>Corsaro said he wanted to solve two problems. The first was to develop a protocol that would work with low-power embedded systems and constrained <a href="https://www.therobotreport.com/category/technology/networking-connectivity/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">networks</a>.</p> <p>“The other ideas was unifying the abstraction that we use for dealing with data in motion, so distributing data and data at rest, which means query,” recalled Corsaro. In efforts to decentralize data storage for “fog computing” in Barcelona, he found that protocols were needed to retrieve data distributed across the <a href="https://www.therobotreport.com/tag/networking/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">network</a>.</p> <p>“<a href="https://www.zettascale.tech/zenoh/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zenoh</a> removes the topological constraint on where to deploy the computation, so you can operate over arbitrary meshes at Internet scale,” Corsaro said. “This discussion of where we should put it — on the cloud versus the edge — becomes irrelevant because you keep the storage and compute where it makes sense, and the data always takes the shortest path.”</p> <p><iframe loading="lazy" title="Zetta and ROS 2 – Giving Unconstrained Connectivity to Your Robots" width="740" height="416" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/93be5YYQ0bo?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></p> <h2>From telecom to ROS 2</h2> <p>The DDS researchers started working on Zenoh with funding from telecom companies, which enabled it to experiment and validate in the context of smart-city telemetry across <a href="https://www.therobotreport.com/tag/5g/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">5G</a> networks, said Corsaro.</p> <p>“It was by accident that people started using it in robotics, because for us, we were really focused on telecommunications,” he noted. “When we started showing how you could use it with ROS [the open-source <a href="https://www.therobotreport.com/tag/robot-operating-system/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Robot Operating System</a>], it really took off.”</p> <p>As ZettaScale spun off, TG Tech Auto saw an opportunity to bring its protocols into the <a href="https://www.therobotreport.com/tag/automotive/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">automotive</a> space, and it partnered and became a shareholder.</p> <p>“We see a huge convergence from both robotics and automotive, and Zenoh was adopted by General Motors’ uProtocol initiative,” Corsaro said. “It’s the convergence of architecture and technology. There are actually cars today in Asia that are actually running on ROS 2.”</p> <p>ROS 2 is taking a lighter-weight, “code-first” approach, while the AUTOSAR consortium is working on a structured exchange and interoperability format. However, ROS 2 needs to come up to automotive certification standards, acknowledged Corsaro.</p> <p>Companies such as <a href="https://www.therobotreport.com/ros-2-jazzy-jalisco-released-osrf/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Intrinsic</a> and <a href="https://www.apex.ai/post/autosar-and-ros-2-for-software-defined-vehicle" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apex.AI</a> are working on bridging the platforms. Intrinsic is using Zenoh with ROS 2 Jazzy Jalisco.</p> <p>“It’s a very interesting time,” Corsaro said. “Imagine if the same protocol could be used for both robotic platforms and autonomous driving. We see robotics as essentially the early adopters.”</p> <p>ZettaScale <a href="https://www.zettascale.tech/news/zettascale-demonstrates-zenoh-and-cyclone-dds-at-roscon/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">demonstrated</a> <a href="https://www.zettascale.tech/cyclone-dds/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cyclone DDS</a> and Zenoh, Version 1.0.2 of which is now <a href="https://github.com/eclipse-zenoh/zenoh/releases" target="_blank" rel="noopener">available</a>, at ROSCon last month in Kyoto, Japan.</p> <div id="attachment_581630" style="width: 780px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-581630" class="size-full wp-image-581630" src="https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ZettaScale_Zenoh_cars.jpg" alt="Diagram from ZettaScale of how Zenoh distributes queries for efficient fleet management." width="770" height="497" srcset="https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ZettaScale_Zenoh_cars.jpg 770w, https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ZettaScale_Zenoh_cars-300x194.jpg 300w, https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ZettaScale_Zenoh_cars-150x97.jpg 150w, https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ZettaScale_Zenoh_cars-768x496.jpg 768w, https://www.therobotreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ZettaScale_Zenoh_cars-368x238.jpg 368w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px" /><p id="caption-attachment-581630" class="wp-caption-text">Zenoh streamlines communications, adaptively routes data, and distributes storage for efficient fleet management. Source: ZettaScale</p></div> <h2>ZettaScale continues automotive work</h2> <p><a href="https://zenoh.io/adopters/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Early adopters</a> of Zenoh include major automakers such as <a href="https://www.zettascale.tech/news/optimising-eclipse-zenoh-flow-a-comprehensive-guide/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Volvo</a> and smart-city companies.</p> <p>Eclipse Zenoh 1.0.0 includes shared memory and zero-copy support, advanced end-to-end protection, high-performance access control, and specific extensions for robotics and automotive protocols.</p> <p>“We’ve shown how we can handle real-time video of a self-driving car and put recognition in the loop,” said Corsaro. “You don’t want to go through the network when sending lidar images, point clouds, or big images, but few people were using the zero-copy API [application programming interface] that was in ROS.”</p> <p>ZettaScale is working closely with partners in Japan and Europe, and it has support personnel in the U.S.</p> <p><iframe loading="lazy" title="Celebrating Zenoh 1.0.0 with Global Support" width="740" height="416" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cLRfkaj-h7w?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe></p>  </div><footer class="entry-footer"></footer></article><div class="author-box"><h4 class="block-header">About The Author</h4><div class="author-box-content"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b33ee3c00b416a55a8340a0567bd848?s=168&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7b33ee3c00b416a55a8340a0567bd848?s=336&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-168 photo' height='168' width='168' loading='lazy' decoding='async'/><h5>Eugene Demaitre</h5><p>Eugene Demaitre is editorial director of the robotics group at WTWH Media. He was senior editor of The Robot Report from 2019 to 2020 and editorial director of Robotics 24/7 from 2020 to 2023. Prior to working at WTWH Media, Demaitre was an editor at BNA (now part of Bloomberg), Computerworld, TechTarget, and Robotics Business Review.</p> <p>Demaitre has participated in robotics webcasts, podcasts, and conferences worldwide. 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Leave empty if the image is purely decorative.</p> <# } #> <span class="setting" data-setting="title"> <label for="attachment-details-two-column-title" class="name">Title</label> <input type="text" id="attachment-details-two-column-title" value="{{ data.title }}" {{ maybeReadOnly }} /> </span> <# if ( 'audio' === data.type ) { #> <span class="setting" data-setting="artist"> <label for="attachment-details-two-column-artist" class="name">Artist</label> <input type="text" id="attachment-details-two-column-artist" value="{{ data.artist || data.meta.artist || '' }}" /> </span> <span class="setting" data-setting="album"> <label for="attachment-details-two-column-album" class="name">Album</label> <input type="text" id="attachment-details-two-column-album" value="{{ data.album || data.meta.album || '' }}" /> </span> <# } #> <span class="setting" data-setting="caption"> <label for="attachment-details-two-column-caption" class="name">Caption</label> <textarea id="attachment-details-two-column-caption" {{ maybeReadOnly }}>{{ data.caption }}</textarea> </span> <span class="setting" data-setting="description"> <label for="attachment-details-two-column-description" class="name">Description</label> <textarea id="attachment-details-two-column-description" {{ maybeReadOnly }}>{{ data.description }}</textarea> </span> <span class="setting" data-setting="url"> <label for="attachment-details-two-column-copy-link" class="name">File URL:</label> <input type="text" class="attachment-details-copy-link" id="attachment-details-two-column-copy-link" value="{{ data.url }}" readonly /> <span class="copy-to-clipboard-container"> <button type="button" class="button button-small copy-attachment-url" data-clipboard-target="#attachment-details-two-column-copy-link">Copy URL to clipboard</button> <span class="success hidden" aria-hidden="true">Copied!</span> </span> </span> <div class="attachment-compat"></div> </div> <div class="actions"> <# if ( data.link ) { #> <a class="view-attachment" href="{{ data.link }}">View attachment page</a> <# } #> <# if ( data.can.save ) { #> <# if ( data.link ) { #> <span class="links-separator">|</span> <# } #> <a href="{{ data.editLink }}">Edit more details</a> <# } #> <# if ( data.can.save && data.link ) { #> <span class="links-separator">|</span> <a href="{{ data.url }}" download>Download file</a> <# } #> <# if ( ! data.uploading && data.can.remove ) { #> <# if ( data.link || data.can.save ) { #> <span class="links-separator">|</span> <# } #> <button type="button" class="button-link delete-attachment">Delete permanently</button> <# } #> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-attachment"> <div class="attachment-preview js--select-attachment type-{{ data.type }} subtype-{{ data.subtype }} {{ data.orientation }}"> <div class="thumbnail"> <# if ( data.uploading ) { #> <div class="media-progress-bar"><div style="width: {{ data.percent }}%"></div></div> <# } else if ( 'image' === data.type && data.size && data.size.url ) { #> <div class="centered"> <img src="{{ data.size.url }}" draggable="false" alt="" /> </div> <# } else { #> <div class="centered"> <# if ( data.image && data.image.src && data.image.src !== data.icon ) { #> <img src="{{ data.image.src }}" class="thumbnail" draggable="false" alt="" /> <# } else if ( data.sizes ) { if ( data.sizes.medium ) { #> <img src="{{ data.sizes.medium.url }}" class="thumbnail" draggable="false" alt="" /> <# } else { #> <img src="{{ data.sizes.full.url }}" class="thumbnail" draggable="false" alt="" /> <# } #> <# } else { #> <img src="{{ data.icon }}" class="icon" draggable="false" alt="" /> <# } #> </div> <div class="filename"> <div>{{ data.filename }}</div> </div> <# } #> </div> <# if ( data.buttons.close ) { #> <button type="button" class="button-link attachment-close media-modal-icon"><span class="screen-reader-text"> Remove </span></button> <# } #> </div> <# if ( data.buttons.check ) { #> <button type="button" class="check" tabindex="-1"><span class="media-modal-icon"></span><span class="screen-reader-text"> Deselect </span></button> <# } #> <# var maybeReadOnly = data.can.save || data.allowLocalEdits ? '' : 'readonly'; if ( data.describe ) { if ( 'image' === data.type ) { #> <input type="text" value="{{ data.caption }}" class="describe" data-setting="caption" aria-label="Caption" placeholder="Caption…" {{ maybeReadOnly }} /> <# } else { #> <input type="text" value="{{ data.title }}" class="describe" data-setting="title" <# if ( 'video' === data.type ) { #> aria-label="Video title" placeholder="Video title…" <# } else if ( 'audio' === data.type ) { #> aria-label="Audio title" placeholder="Audio title…" <# } else { #> aria-label="Media title" placeholder="Media title…" <# } #> {{ maybeReadOnly }} /> <# } } #> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-attachment-details"> <h2> Attachment Details <span class="settings-save-status" role="status"> <span class="spinner"></span> <span class="saved">Saved.</span> </span> </h2> <div class="attachment-info"> <# if ( 'audio' === data.type ) { #> <div class="wp-media-wrapper wp-audio"> <audio style="visibility: hidden" controls class="wp-audio-shortcode" width="100%" preload="none"> <source type="{{ data.mime }}" src="{{ data.url }}" /> </audio> </div> <# } else if ( 'video' === data.type ) { var w_rule = ''; if ( data.width ) { w_rule = 'width: ' + data.width + 'px;'; } else if ( wp.media.view.settings.contentWidth ) { w_rule = 'width: ' + wp.media.view.settings.contentWidth + 'px;'; } #> <div style="{{ w_rule }}" class="wp-media-wrapper wp-video"> <video controls="controls" class="wp-video-shortcode" preload="metadata" <# if ( data.width ) { #>width="{{ data.width }}"<# } #> <# if ( data.height ) { #>height="{{ data.height }}"<# } #> <# if ( data.image && data.image.src !== data.icon ) { #>poster="{{ data.image.src }}"<# } #>> <source type="{{ data.mime }}" src="{{ data.url }}" /> </video> </div> <# } else { #> <div class="thumbnail thumbnail-{{ data.type }}"> <# if ( data.uploading ) { #> <div class="media-progress-bar"><div></div></div> <# } else if ( 'image' === data.type && data.size && data.size.url ) { #> <img src="{{ data.size.url }}" draggable="false" alt="" /> <# } else { #> <img src="{{ data.icon }}" class="icon" draggable="false" alt="" /> <# } #> </div> <# } #> <div class="details"> <div class="filename">{{ data.filename }}</div> <div class="uploaded">{{ data.dateFormatted }}</div> <div class="file-size">{{ data.filesizeHumanReadable }}</div> <# if ( 'image' === data.type && ! data.uploading ) { #> <# if ( data.width && data.height ) { #> <div class="dimensions"> {{ data.width }} by {{ data.height }} pixels </div> <# } #> <# if ( data.originalImageURL && data.originalImageName ) { #> <div class="word-wrap-break-word"> Original image: <a href="{{ data.originalImageURL }}">{{data.originalImageName}}</a> </div> <# } #> <# if ( data.can.save && data.sizes ) { #> <a class="edit-attachment" href="{{ data.editLink }}&image-editor" target="_blank">Edit Image</a> <# } #> <# } #> <# if ( data.fileLength && data.fileLengthHumanReadable ) { #> <div class="file-length">Length: <span aria-hidden="true">{{ data.fileLengthHumanReadable }}</span> <span class="screen-reader-text">{{ data.fileLengthHumanReadable }}</span> </div> <# } #> <# if ( data.mediaStates ) { #> <div class="media-states"><strong>Used as:</strong> {{ data.mediaStates }}</div> <# } #> <# if ( ! data.uploading && data.can.remove ) { #> <button type="button" class="button-link delete-attachment">Delete permanently</button> <# } #> <div class="compat-meta"> <# if ( data.compat && data.compat.meta ) { #> {{{ data.compat.meta }}} <# } #> </div> </div> </div> <# var maybeReadOnly = data.can.save || data.allowLocalEdits ? '' : 'readonly'; #> <# if ( 'image' === data.type ) { #> <span class="setting alt-text has-description" data-setting="alt"> <label for="attachment-details-alt-text" class="name">Alt Text</label> <textarea id="attachment-details-alt-text" aria-describedby="alt-text-description" {{ maybeReadOnly }}>{{ data.alt }}</textarea> </span> <p class="description" id="alt-text-description"><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/images/decision-tree/" target="_blank">Learn how to describe the purpose of the image<span class="screen-reader-text"> (opens in a new tab)</span></a>. Leave empty if the image is purely decorative.</p> <# } #> <span class="setting" data-setting="title"> <label for="attachment-details-title" class="name">Title</label> <input type="text" id="attachment-details-title" value="{{ data.title }}" {{ maybeReadOnly }} /> </span> <# if ( 'audio' === data.type ) { #> <span class="setting" data-setting="artist"> <label for="attachment-details-artist" class="name">Artist</label> <input type="text" id="attachment-details-artist" value="{{ data.artist || data.meta.artist || '' }}" /> </span> <span class="setting" data-setting="album"> <label for="attachment-details-album" class="name">Album</label> <input type="text" id="attachment-details-album" value="{{ data.album || data.meta.album || '' }}" /> </span> <# } #> <span class="setting" data-setting="caption"> <label for="attachment-details-caption" class="name">Caption</label> <textarea id="attachment-details-caption" {{ maybeReadOnly }}>{{ data.caption }}</textarea> </span> <span class="setting" data-setting="description"> <label for="attachment-details-description" class="name">Description</label> <textarea id="attachment-details-description" {{ maybeReadOnly }}>{{ data.description }}</textarea> </span> <span class="setting" data-setting="url"> <label for="attachment-details-copy-link" class="name">File URL:</label> <input type="text" class="attachment-details-copy-link" id="attachment-details-copy-link" value="{{ data.url }}" readonly /> <div class="copy-to-clipboard-container"> <button type="button" class="button button-small copy-attachment-url" data-clipboard-target="#attachment-details-copy-link">Copy URL to clipboard</button> <span class="success hidden" aria-hidden="true">Copied!</span> </div> </span> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-media-selection"> <div class="selection-info"> <span class="count"></span> <# if ( data.editable ) { #> <button type="button" class="button-link edit-selection">Edit Selection</button> <# } #> <# if ( data.clearable ) { #> <button type="button" class="button-link clear-selection">Clear</button> <# } #> </div> <div class="selection-view"></div> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-attachment-display-settings"> <h2>Attachment Display Settings</h2> <# if ( 'image' === data.type ) { #> <span class="setting align"> <label for="attachment-display-settings-alignment" class="name">Alignment</label> <select id="attachment-display-settings-alignment" class="alignment" data-setting="align" <# if ( data.userSettings ) { #> data-user-setting="align" <# } #>> <option value="left"> Left </option> <option value="center"> Center </option> <option value="right"> Right </option> <option value="none" selected> None </option> </select> </span> <# } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="attachment-display-settings-link-to" class="name"> <# if ( data.model.canEmbed ) { #> Embed or Link <# } else { #> Link To <# } #> </label> <select id="attachment-display-settings-link-to" class="link-to" data-setting="link" <# if ( data.userSettings && ! data.model.canEmbed ) { #> data-user-setting="urlbutton" <# } #>> <# if ( data.model.canEmbed ) { #> <option value="embed" selected> Embed Media Player </option> <option value="file"> <# } else { #> <option value="none" selected> None </option> <option value="file"> <# } #> <# if ( data.model.canEmbed ) { #> Link to Media File <# } else { #> Media File <# } #> </option> <option value="post"> <# if ( data.model.canEmbed ) { #> Link to Attachment Page <# } else { #> Attachment Page <# } #> </option> <# if ( 'image' === data.type ) { #> <option value="custom"> Custom URL </option> <# } #> </select> </span> <span class="setting"> <label for="attachment-display-settings-link-to-custom" class="name">URL</label> <input type="text" id="attachment-display-settings-link-to-custom" class="link-to-custom" data-setting="linkUrl" /> </span> <# if ( 'undefined' !== typeof data.sizes ) { #> <span class="setting"> <label for="attachment-display-settings-size" class="name">Size</label> <select id="attachment-display-settings-size" class="size" name="size" data-setting="size" <# if ( data.userSettings ) { #> data-user-setting="imgsize" <# } #>> <# var size = data.sizes['thumbnail']; if ( size ) { #> <option value="thumbnail" > Thumbnail – {{ size.width }} × {{ size.height }} </option> <# } #> <# var size = data.sizes['medium']; if ( size ) { #> <option value="medium" > Medium – {{ size.width }} × {{ size.height }} </option> <# } #> <# var size = data.sizes['large']; if ( size ) { #> <option value="large" > Large – {{ size.width }} × {{ size.height }} </option> <# } #> <# var size = data.sizes['full']; if ( size ) { #> <option value="full" selected='selected'> Full Size – {{ size.width }} × {{ size.height }} </option> <# } #> </select> </span> <# } #> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-gallery-settings"> <h2>Gallery Settings</h2> <span class="setting"> <label for="gallery-settings-link-to" class="name">Link To</label> <select id="gallery-settings-link-to" class="link-to" data-setting="link" <# if ( data.userSettings ) { #> data-user-setting="urlbutton" <# } #>> <option value="post" <# if ( ! wp.media.galleryDefaults.link || 'post' === wp.media.galleryDefaults.link ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> Attachment Page </option> <option value="file" <# if ( 'file' === wp.media.galleryDefaults.link ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> Media File </option> <option value="none" <# if ( 'none' === wp.media.galleryDefaults.link ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> None </option> </select> </span> <span class="setting"> <label for="gallery-settings-columns" class="name select-label-inline">Columns</label> <select id="gallery-settings-columns" class="columns" name="columns" data-setting="columns"> <option value="1" <# if ( 1 == wp.media.galleryDefaults.columns ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> 1 </option> <option value="2" <# if ( 2 == wp.media.galleryDefaults.columns ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> 2 </option> <option value="3" <# if ( 3 == wp.media.galleryDefaults.columns ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> 3 </option> <option value="4" <# if ( 4 == wp.media.galleryDefaults.columns ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> 4 </option> <option value="5" <# if ( 5 == wp.media.galleryDefaults.columns ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> 5 </option> <option value="6" <# if ( 6 == wp.media.galleryDefaults.columns ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> 6 </option> <option value="7" <# if ( 7 == wp.media.galleryDefaults.columns ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> 7 </option> <option value="8" <# if ( 8 == wp.media.galleryDefaults.columns ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> 8 </option> <option value="9" <# if ( 9 == wp.media.galleryDefaults.columns ) { #>selected="selected"<# } #>> 9 </option> </select> </span> <span class="setting"> <input type="checkbox" id="gallery-settings-random-order" data-setting="_orderbyRandom" /> <label for="gallery-settings-random-order" class="checkbox-label-inline">Random Order</label> </span> <span class="setting size"> <label for="gallery-settings-size" class="name">Size</label> <select id="gallery-settings-size" class="size" name="size" data-setting="size" <# if ( data.userSettings ) { #> data-user-setting="imgsize" <# } #> > <option value="thumbnail"> Thumbnail </option> <option value="medium"> Medium </option> <option value="large"> Large </option> <option value="full"> Full Size </option> </select> </span> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-playlist-settings"> <h2>Playlist Settings</h2> <# var emptyModel = _.isEmpty( data.model ), isVideo = 'video' === data.controller.get('library').props.get('type'); #> <span class="setting"> <input type="checkbox" id="playlist-settings-show-list" data-setting="tracklist" <# if ( emptyModel ) { #> checked="checked" <# } #> /> <label for="playlist-settings-show-list" class="checkbox-label-inline"> <# if ( isVideo ) { #> Show Video List <# } else { #> Show Tracklist <# } #> </label> </span> <# if ( ! isVideo ) { #> <span class="setting"> <input type="checkbox" id="playlist-settings-show-artist" data-setting="artists" <# if ( emptyModel ) { #> checked="checked" <# } #> /> <label for="playlist-settings-show-artist" class="checkbox-label-inline"> Show Artist Name in Tracklist </label> </span> <# } #> <span class="setting"> <input type="checkbox" id="playlist-settings-show-images" data-setting="images" <# if ( emptyModel ) { #> checked="checked" <# } #> /> <label for="playlist-settings-show-images" class="checkbox-label-inline"> Show Images </label> </span> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-embed-link-settings"> <span class="setting link-text"> <label for="embed-link-settings-link-text" class="name">Link Text</label> <input type="text" id="embed-link-settings-link-text" class="alignment" data-setting="linkText" /> </span> <div class="embed-container" style="display: none;"> <div class="embed-preview"></div> </div> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-embed-image-settings"> <div class="wp-clearfix"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="{{ data.model.url }}" draggable="false" alt="" /> </div> </div> <span class="setting alt-text has-description"> <label for="embed-image-settings-alt-text" class="name">Alternative Text</label> <textarea id="embed-image-settings-alt-text" data-setting="alt" aria-describedby="alt-text-description"></textarea> </span> <p class="description" id="alt-text-description"><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/images/decision-tree/" target="_blank">Learn how to describe the purpose of the image<span class="screen-reader-text"> (opens in a new tab)</span></a>. Leave empty if the image is purely decorative.</p> <span class="setting caption"> <label for="embed-image-settings-caption" class="name">Caption</label> <textarea id="embed-image-settings-caption" data-setting="caption"></textarea> </span> <fieldset class="setting-group"> <legend class="name">Align</legend> <span class="setting align"> <span class="button-group button-large" data-setting="align"> <button class="button" value="left"> Left </button> <button class="button" value="center"> Center </button> <button class="button" value="right"> Right </button> <button class="button active" value="none"> None </button> </span> </span> </fieldset> <fieldset class="setting-group"> <legend class="name">Link To</legend> <span class="setting link-to"> <span class="button-group button-large" data-setting="link"> <button class="button" value="file"> Image URL </button> <button class="button" value="custom"> Custom URL </button> <button class="button active" value="none"> None </button> </span> </span> <span class="setting"> <label for="embed-image-settings-link-to-custom" class="name">URL</label> <input type="text" id="embed-image-settings-link-to-custom" class="link-to-custom" data-setting="linkUrl" /> </span> </fieldset> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-image-details"> <div class="media-embed"> <div class="embed-media-settings"> <div class="column-settings"> <span class="setting alt-text has-description"> <label for="image-details-alt-text" class="name">Alternative Text</label> <textarea id="image-details-alt-text" data-setting="alt" aria-describedby="alt-text-description">{{ data.model.alt }}</textarea> </span> <p class="description" id="alt-text-description"><a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/images/decision-tree/" target="_blank">Learn how to describe the purpose of the image<span class="screen-reader-text"> (opens in a new tab)</span></a>. Leave empty if the image is purely decorative.</p> <span class="setting caption"> <label for="image-details-caption" class="name">Caption</label> <textarea id="image-details-caption" data-setting="caption">{{ data.model.caption }}</textarea> </span> <h2>Display Settings</h2> <fieldset class="setting-group"> <legend class="legend-inline">Align</legend> <span class="setting align"> <span class="button-group button-large" data-setting="align"> <button class="button" value="left"> Left </button> <button class="button" value="center"> Center </button> <button class="button" value="right"> Right </button> <button class="button active" value="none"> None </button> </span> </span> </fieldset> <# if ( data.attachment ) { #> <# if ( 'undefined' !== typeof data.attachment.sizes ) { #> <span class="setting size"> <label for="image-details-size" class="name">Size</label> <select id="image-details-size" class="size" name="size" data-setting="size" <# if ( data.userSettings ) { #> data-user-setting="imgsize" <# } #>> <# var size = data.sizes['thumbnail']; if ( size ) { #> <option value="thumbnail"> Thumbnail – {{ size.width }} × {{ size.height }} </option> <# } #> <# var size = data.sizes['medium']; if ( size ) { #> <option value="medium"> Medium – {{ size.width }} × {{ size.height }} </option> <# } #> <# var size = data.sizes['large']; if ( size ) { #> <option value="large"> Large – {{ size.width }} × {{ size.height }} </option> <# } #> <# var size = data.sizes['full']; if ( size ) { #> <option value="full"> Full Size – {{ size.width }} × {{ size.height }} </option> <# } #> <option value="custom"> Custom Size </option> </select> </span> <# } #> <div class="custom-size wp-clearfix<# if ( data.model.size !== 'custom' ) { #> hidden<# } #>"> <span class="custom-size-setting"> <label for="image-details-size-width">Width</label> <input type="number" id="image-details-size-width" aria-describedby="image-size-desc" data-setting="customWidth" step="1" value="{{ data.model.customWidth }}" /> </span> <span class="sep" aria-hidden="true">×</span> <span class="custom-size-setting"> <label for="image-details-size-height">Height</label> <input type="number" id="image-details-size-height" aria-describedby="image-size-desc" data-setting="customHeight" step="1" value="{{ data.model.customHeight }}" /> </span> <p id="image-size-desc" class="description">Image size in pixels</p> </div> <# } #> <span class="setting link-to"> <label for="image-details-link-to" class="name">Link To</label> <select id="image-details-link-to" data-setting="link"> <# if ( data.attachment ) { #> <option value="file"> Media File </option> <option value="post"> Attachment Page </option> <# } else { #> <option value="file"> Image URL </option> <# } #> <option value="custom"> Custom URL </option> <option value="none"> None </option> </select> </span> <span class="setting"> <label for="image-details-link-to-custom" class="name">URL</label> <input type="text" id="image-details-link-to-custom" class="link-to-custom" data-setting="linkUrl" /> </span> <div class="advanced-section"> <h2><button type="button" class="button-link advanced-toggle">Advanced Options</button></h2> <div class="advanced-settings hidden"> <div class="advanced-image"> <span class="setting title-text"> <label for="image-details-title-attribute" class="name">Image Title Attribute</label> <input type="text" id="image-details-title-attribute" data-setting="title" value="{{ data.model.title }}" /> </span> <span class="setting extra-classes"> <label for="image-details-css-class" class="name">Image CSS Class</label> <input type="text" id="image-details-css-class" data-setting="extraClasses" value="{{ data.model.extraClasses }}" /> </span> </div> <div class="advanced-link"> <span class="setting link-target"> <input type="checkbox" id="image-details-link-target" data-setting="linkTargetBlank" value="_blank" <# if ( data.model.linkTargetBlank ) { #>checked="checked"<# } #>> <label for="image-details-link-target" class="checkbox-label">Open link in a new tab</label> </span> <span class="setting link-rel"> <label for="image-details-link-rel" class="name">Link Rel</label> <input type="text" id="image-details-link-rel" data-setting="linkRel" value="{{ data.model.linkRel }}" /> </span> <span class="setting link-class-name"> <label for="image-details-link-css-class" class="name">Link CSS Class</label> <input type="text" id="image-details-link-css-class" data-setting="linkClassName" value="{{ data.model.linkClassName }}" /> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="{{ data.model.url }}" draggable="false" alt="" /> <# if ( data.attachment && window.imageEdit ) { #> <div class="actions"> <input type="button" class="edit-attachment button" value="Edit Original" /> <input type="button" class="replace-attachment button" value="Replace" /> </div> <# } #> </div> </div> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-image-editor"> <div id="media-head-{{ data.id }}"></div> <div id="image-editor-{{ data.id }}"></div> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-audio-details"> <# var ext, html5types = { mp3: wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes.mp3, ogg: wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes.ogg }; #> <div class="media-embed media-embed-details"> <div class="embed-media-settings embed-audio-settings"> <audio style="visibility: hidden" controls class="wp-audio-shortcode" width="{{ _.isUndefined( data.model.width ) ? 400 : data.model.width }}" preload="{{ _.isUndefined( data.model.preload ) ? 'none' : data.model.preload }}" <# if ( ! _.isUndefined( data.model.autoplay ) && data.model.autoplay ) { #> autoplay<# } if ( ! _.isUndefined( data.model.loop ) && data.model.loop ) { #> loop<# } #> > <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.src ) ) { #> <source src="{{ data.model.src }}" type="{{ wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes[ data.model.src.split('.').pop() ] }}" /> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.mp3 ) ) { #> <source src="{{ data.model.mp3 }}" type="{{ wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes[ 'mp3' ] }}" /> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.ogg ) ) { #> <source src="{{ data.model.ogg }}" type="{{ wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes[ 'ogg' ] }}" /> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.flac ) ) { #> <source src="{{ data.model.flac }}" type="{{ wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes[ 'flac' ] }}" /> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.m4a ) ) { #> <source src="{{ data.model.m4a }}" type="{{ wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes[ 'm4a' ] }}" /> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.wav ) ) { #> <source src="{{ data.model.wav }}" type="{{ wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes[ 'wav' ] }}" /> <# } #> </audio> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.src ) ) { ext = data.model.src.split('.').pop(); if ( html5types[ ext ] ) { delete html5types[ ext ]; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="audio-details-source" class="name">URL</label> <input type="text" id="audio-details-source" readonly data-setting="src" value="{{ data.model.src }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove audio source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.mp3 ) ) { if ( ! _.isUndefined( html5types.mp3 ) ) { delete html5types.mp3; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="audio-details-mp3-source" class="name">MP3</label> <input type="text" id="audio-details-mp3-source" readonly data-setting="mp3" value="{{ data.model.mp3 }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove audio source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.ogg ) ) { if ( ! _.isUndefined( html5types.ogg ) ) { delete html5types.ogg; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="audio-details-ogg-source" class="name">OGG</label> <input type="text" id="audio-details-ogg-source" readonly data-setting="ogg" value="{{ data.model.ogg }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove audio source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.flac ) ) { if ( ! _.isUndefined( html5types.flac ) ) { delete html5types.flac; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="audio-details-flac-source" class="name">FLAC</label> <input type="text" id="audio-details-flac-source" readonly data-setting="flac" value="{{ data.model.flac }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove audio source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.m4a ) ) { if ( ! _.isUndefined( html5types.m4a ) ) { delete html5types.m4a; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="audio-details-m4a-source" class="name">M4A</label> <input type="text" id="audio-details-m4a-source" readonly data-setting="m4a" value="{{ data.model.m4a }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove audio source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.wav ) ) { if ( ! _.isUndefined( html5types.wav ) ) { delete html5types.wav; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="audio-details-wav-source" class="name">WAV</label> <input type="text" id="audio-details-wav-source" readonly data-setting="wav" value="{{ data.model.wav }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove audio source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( html5types ) ) { #> <fieldset class="setting-group"> <legend class="name">Add alternate sources for maximum HTML5 playback</legend> <span class="setting"> <span class="button-large"> <# _.each( html5types, function (mime, type) { #> <button class="button add-media-source" data-mime="{{ mime }}">{{ type }}</button> <# } ) #> </span> </span> </fieldset> <# } #> <fieldset class="setting-group"> <legend class="name">Preload</legend> <span class="setting preload"> <span class="button-group button-large" data-setting="preload"> <button class="button" value="auto">Auto</button> <button class="button" value="metadata">Metadata</button> <button class="button active" value="none">None</button> </span> </span> </fieldset> <span class="setting-group"> <span class="setting checkbox-setting autoplay"> <input type="checkbox" id="audio-details-autoplay" data-setting="autoplay" /> <label for="audio-details-autoplay" class="checkbox-label">Autoplay</label> </span> <span class="setting checkbox-setting"> <input type="checkbox" id="audio-details-loop" data-setting="loop" /> <label for="audio-details-loop" class="checkbox-label">Loop</label> </span> </span> </div> </div> </script> <script type="text/html" id="tmpl-video-details"> <# var ext, html5types = { mp4: wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes.mp4, ogv: wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes.ogv, webm: wp.media.view.settings.embedMimes.webm }; #> <div class="media-embed media-embed-details"> <div class="embed-media-settings embed-video-settings"> <div class="wp-video-holder"> <# var w = ! data.model.width || data.model.width > 640 ? 640 : data.model.width, h = ! data.model.height ? 360 : data.model.height; if ( data.model.width && w !== data.model.width ) { h = Math.ceil( ( h * w ) / data.model.width ); } #> <# var w_rule = '', classes = [], w, h, settings = wp.media.view.settings, isYouTube = isVimeo = false; if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.src ) ) { isYouTube = data.model.src.match(/youtube|youtu\.be/); isVimeo = -1 !== data.model.src.indexOf('vimeo'); } if ( settings.contentWidth && data.model.width >= settings.contentWidth ) { w = settings.contentWidth; } else { w = data.model.width; } if ( w !== data.model.width ) { h = Math.ceil( ( data.model.height * w ) / data.model.width ); } else { h = data.model.height; } if ( w ) { w_rule = 'width: ' + w + 'px; '; } if ( isYouTube ) { classes.push( 'youtube-video' ); } if ( isVimeo ) { classes.push( 'vimeo-video' ); } #> <div style="{{ w_rule }}" class="wp-video"> <video controls class="wp-video-shortcode {{ classes.join( ' ' ) }}" <# if ( w ) { #>width="{{ w }}"<# } #> <# if ( h ) { #>height="{{ h }}"<# } #> <# if ( ! _.isUndefined( data.model.poster ) && data.model.poster ) { #> poster="{{ data.model.poster }}"<# } #> preload ="{{ _.isUndefined( data.model.preload ) ? 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_.isEmpty( data.model.src ) ) { ext = data.model.src.split('.').pop(); if ( html5types[ ext ] ) { delete html5types[ ext ]; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="video-details-source" class="name">URL</label> <input type="text" id="video-details-source" readonly data-setting="src" value="{{ data.model.src }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove video source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.mp4 ) ) { if ( ! _.isUndefined( html5types.mp4 ) ) { delete html5types.mp4; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="video-details-mp4-source" class="name">MP4</label> <input type="text" id="video-details-mp4-source" readonly data-setting="mp4" value="{{ data.model.mp4 }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove video source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.m4v ) ) { if ( ! _.isUndefined( html5types.m4v ) ) { delete html5types.m4v; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="video-details-m4v-source" class="name">M4V</label> <input type="text" id="video-details-m4v-source" readonly data-setting="m4v" value="{{ data.model.m4v }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove video source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.webm ) ) { if ( ! _.isUndefined( html5types.webm ) ) { delete html5types.webm; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="video-details-webm-source" class="name">WEBM</label> <input type="text" id="video-details-webm-source" readonly data-setting="webm" value="{{ data.model.webm }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove video source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.ogv ) ) { if ( ! _.isUndefined( html5types.ogv ) ) { delete html5types.ogv; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="video-details-ogv-source" class="name">OGV</label> <input type="text" id="video-details-ogv-source" readonly data-setting="ogv" value="{{ data.model.ogv }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove video source</button> </span> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.flv ) ) { if ( ! _.isUndefined( html5types.flv ) ) { delete html5types.flv; } #> <span class="setting"> <label for="video-details-flv-source" class="name">FLV</label> <input type="text" id="video-details-flv-source" readonly data-setting="flv" value="{{ data.model.flv }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove video source</button> </span> <# } #> </div> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( html5types ) ) { #> <fieldset class="setting-group"> <legend class="name">Add alternate sources for maximum HTML5 playback</legend> <span class="setting"> <span class="button-large"> <# _.each( html5types, function (mime, type) { #> <button class="button add-media-source" data-mime="{{ mime }}">{{ type }}</button> <# } ) #> </span> </span> </fieldset> <# } #> <# if ( ! _.isEmpty( data.model.poster ) ) { #> <span class="setting"> <label for="video-details-poster-image" class="name">Poster Image</label> <input type="text" id="video-details-poster-image" readonly data-setting="poster" value="{{ data.model.poster }}" /> <button type="button" class="button-link remove-setting">Remove poster image</button> </span> <# } #> <fieldset class="setting-group"> <legend class="name">Preload</legend> <span class="setting preload"> <span class="button-group button-large" data-setting="preload"> <button class="button" value="auto">Auto</button> <button class="button" value="metadata">Metadata</button> <button class="button active" value="none">None</button> </span> </span> </fieldset> <span class="setting-group"> <span class="setting checkbox-setting autoplay"> <input type="checkbox" id="video-details-autoplay" data-setting="autoplay" /> <label for="video-details-autoplay" class="checkbox-label">Autoplay</label> </span> <span class="setting checkbox-setting"> <input type="checkbox" id="video-details-loop" data-setting="loop" /> <label for="video-details-loop" class="checkbox-label">Loop</label> </span> </span> <span class="setting" data-setting="content"> <# var content = ''; if ( ! 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