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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prior_to_Lebaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prior_to_Lebaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prior to Lebaran</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prior_to_Lebaran-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prior to Lebaran subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prior_to_Lebaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lebaran_bonus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebaran_bonus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lebaran bonus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebaran_bonus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebaran_shopping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebaran_shopping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Lebaran shopping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebaran_shopping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mudik_lebaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mudik_lebaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mudik lebaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mudik_lebaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Takbiran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Takbiran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Takbiran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Takbiran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebaran_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebaran_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lebaran day</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lebaran_day-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lebaran day subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lebaran_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lebaran_feast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebaran_feast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Lebaran feast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebaran_feast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Silaturrahmi_and_lebaran_money" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silaturrahmi_and_lebaran_money"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Silaturrahmi and lebaran money</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silaturrahmi_and_lebaran_money-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebaran_costumes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebaran_costumes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Lebaran costumes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebaran_costumes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visiting_graves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visiting_graves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Visiting graves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visiting_graves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_lebaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_lebaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>After lebaran</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-After_lebaran-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle After lebaran subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-After_lebaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Halal_bi-halal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halal_bi-halal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Halal bi-halal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halal_bi-halal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indonesian term for Islamic holidays</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: #ddccff"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Lebaran</i></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hidangan_Lebaran.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hidangan_Lebaran.JPG/250px-Hidangan_Lebaran.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="411" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hidangan_Lebaran.JPG/375px-Hidangan_Lebaran.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hidangan_Lebaran.JPG/500px-Hidangan_Lebaran.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1381" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption">Family get together to have <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lebaran</i></span> feast; <i><a href="/wiki/Ketupat" title="Ketupat">ketupat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sayur_lodeh" title="Sayur lodeh">sayur lodeh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opor_ayam" title="Opor ayam">opor ayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rendang" title="Rendang">rendang</a>, sambal goreng ati</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Emping" title="Emping">emping</a></i> are usually served next to peanuts and candies.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Hari Raya Lebaran</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (nationwide)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Religious</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Celebrations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/Shawwal" title="Shawwal">Shawwal</a> and 10 <a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Dhu al-Hijjah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Annual</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Lebaran</i></span></b> is the Indonesian popular name for two <a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Islamic official holidays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-JIL_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JIL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of the major <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Indonesia" title="Public holidays in Indonesia">national holidays</a> in the country. <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Lebaran</i></span> holiday officially lasts for two days in the Indonesian calendar, although the government usually declares a few days before and after the <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Lebaran</i></span> as a bank holiday. Many individuals or families, especially <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> take <a href="/wiki/Paid_time_off" title="Paid time off">paid time off</a> from their workplace during these days. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>"Idul Fitri"</i> and <i>"Idul Adha"</i> are <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> spelling of Arabic "Eid al-Fitr" and Eid al-Adha. While <i>"lebaran"</i> is localized name for this festive occasion, the etymology is not clear. It is suggested derived from <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> word <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">lebar</i></span> which means "finished",<sup id="cite_ref-JIL_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JIL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then the word "lebar" is absorbed into Indonesian language with additional suffix "-an", so it becomes a common vocabulary for a celebration when the fasting ritual is "finished", or derived from <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> word <span title="Sundanese-language text"><i lang="su">lebar</i></span> which means "abundance" or "many" to describe the abundance of foods and delicacies served for visiting guests; family, relatives, neighbors and friends during this festive occasion. Another theory suggested, "lebaran" is derived from <a href="/wiki/Betawi_language" title="Betawi language">Betawi</a>, <i>lebar</i> which means "wide and broad", so the celebration means to broaden or widen one's heart feeling after fasting ritual of Ramadhan. <a href="/wiki/Madurese_people" title="Madurese people">Madurese people</a> have also a similar word called <i>lober</i> to describe the completion of Ramadhan fast. It is also possible the word 'lebaran' derived from the word luber > luber-an > lebaran, which means overflow or flocking. </p><p>The term <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lebaran</i></span> usually used specific to describe Eid al-Fitr Islamic holiday, however in looser terms it sometimes used to describe similar festivals and celebrations. For example, in Indonesian the term <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lebaran haji</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Hajj's <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lebaran</i></span>') is informally used to describe <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a>, also <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lebaran cina</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Chinese <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lebaran</i></span>') for <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> however, although bearing similarity in abundance of foods, is never referred to as <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lebaran</i></span>, but just <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Natal</i></span> or <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">natalan</i></span> instead. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Leberan-viering_te_Makassar._Massale_Takbir-plechtigheid_op_een_van_de_pleinen_geleid_door_hadji_Mochtar_Luthfi_TMnr_10001262.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Leberan-viering_te_Makassar._Massale_Takbir-plechtigheid_op_een_van_de_pleinen_geleid_door_hadji_Mochtar_Luthfi_TMnr_10001262.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Leberan-viering_te_Makassar._Massale_Takbir-plechtigheid_op_een_van_de_pleinen_geleid_door_hadji_Mochtar_Luthfi_TMnr_10001262.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Leberan-viering_te_Makassar._Massale_Takbir-plechtigheid_op_een_van_de_pleinen_geleid_door_hadji_Mochtar_Luthfi_TMnr_10001262.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Leberan-viering_te_Makassar._Massale_Takbir-plechtigheid_op_een_van_de_pleinen_geleid_door_hadji_Mochtar_Luthfi_TMnr_10001262.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Leberan-viering_te_Makassar._Massale_Takbir-plechtigheid_op_een_van_de_pleinen_geleid_door_hadji_Mochtar_Luthfi_TMnr_10001262.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Leberan-viering_te_Makassar._Massale_Takbir-plechtigheid_op_een_van_de_pleinen_geleid_door_hadji_Mochtar_Luthfi_TMnr_10001262.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Eid mass prayer on open field during colonial Dutch East Indies period</figcaption></figure> <p>The word <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Lebaran</i></span> was derived from a Javanese word, and according to Indonesian Muslim scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umar_Khayam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umar Khayam (page does not exist)">Umar Khayam</a>, the <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lebaran</i></span> tradition was the result of acculturation between Javanese culture and Islam during the 15th century. According to Javanese traditions, the local <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lebaran</i></span> tradition of Idul Fitri was first started when <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Bonang" title="Sunan Bonang">Sunan Bonang</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Wali_Songo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wali Songo">Wali Songo</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tuban" title="Tuban">Tuban</a> in 15th-century Java, called for the Muslims to elevate the perfection of their Ramadhan fast by asking forgiveness and forgiving others' wrongdoings.<sup id="cite_ref-MD_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The asking and giving for forgiveness during Eid al-Fitr is quite unique among Indonesian Muslims, and did not occur among Muslims of Middle East, Indian subcontinent or elsewhere. Most of the world's Muslims would only express <i>Eid Mubarak</i> (blessed Eid). </p><p>Other <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lebaran</i></span> traditions that are uniquely local and derived from Javanese traditions are <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">sungkem</i></span> and consuming <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">ketupat</i></span>.<span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">Sungkem</i></span> is the Javanese tradition of asking for blessing and forgiveness from parents, grandparents and elders. The parents sit on a chair while the children and youngsters bow deep with their nose tip touching their hands that rest upon parents' laps. It is a sign of humility, expressing dedication and honoring parents and elders.<sup id="cite_ref-Aktual1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aktual1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another tradition is consuming <a href="/wiki/Ketupat" title="Ketupat">ketupat</a> or <span title="Javanese-language text"><i lang="jv">kupat</i></span> in Javanese language. The tradition on preparing and consuming ketupat during lebaran is believed to be introduced by <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Kalijaga" title="Sunan Kalijaga">Sunan Kalijaga</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Aktual2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aktual2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the <a href="/wiki/Wali_Songo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wali Songo">Wali Songo</a> who spread Islam in Java, as it contains some symbolism. It is believed that <i>kupat</i> means <i>ngaku lepat</i> or "admitting one's mistakes" in Javanese.<sup id="cite_ref-MD_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crossed weaving of palm leaves symbolizes people's mistakes and sins, and the inner whitish rice cake symbolizes purity and deliverance from sins after observing Ramadhan fast, prayer and rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-Aktual2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aktual2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other than Java, the tradition of consuming ketupat during Eid ul Fitr also can be found throughout Indonesia, from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, to neighboring <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prior_to_Lebaran">Prior to Lebaran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prior to Lebaran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang_Pasar_Murah.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang_Pasar_Murah.JPG/220px-Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang_Pasar_Murah.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang_Pasar_Murah.JPG/330px-Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang_Pasar_Murah.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang_Pasar_Murah.JPG/440px-Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang_Pasar_Murah.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Ramadhan bazaar selling various products to celebrate Ramadhan and Lebaran</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebaran_bonus">Lebaran bonus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lebaran bonus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Additionally, in Indonesia <i>Idul Fitri</i> has a legally mandated salary bonus for all employees, known as <i>Tunjangan Hari Raya</i> (<i>THR</i>) as initially enforced by Indonesia's Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration (<i>Kementerian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi</i>) in the 1950s. The mandated amount of this salary bonus differs by region. For example, within the <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> region it must not be less than one month's full salary paid in advance of <i>Idul Fitri</i>, in addition to the employee's regular salary. Thus, Idul Fitri is also a paid holiday. Breaching or withholding THR is a very serious labour law infraction and is punished severely, regardless of employer status or position. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebaran_shopping">Lebaran shopping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lebaran shopping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang.JPG/220px-Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang.JPG/330px-Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang.JPG/440px-Bazar_Ramadhan_Semarang.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><i>Lebaran</i> bazaar in Semarang offering food and clothes for <i>lebaran</i> holiday</figcaption></figure> <p>Other than shopping for typical food and <i><a href="/wiki/Kue#Kue_kering" title="Kue">kue kering</a></i> (cookies) for Lebaran, Indonesians usually buy and wear new clothes and footwear. Shopping malls and bazaars are filled with people to get things for Lebaran such as clothes, footwear, even food to serve days ahead of <i>Idul Fitri</i>, which creates a distinctive festive atmosphere throughout the country, along with traffic mayhem around shopping malls and marketplaces. </p><p>Lebaran also creates special occasions for shopping that often generate seasonal retail business. Retail businesses try to attract shoppers with special Lebaran discounts, Lebaran-themed decorations, and playing joyous Lebaran-themed or Islamic music in their stores. The festive shopping feel is quite similar to Christmas for Christians, but the things bought (usually fashion apparel), are rather for oneself, not as a gift. Many banks, government and private offices are closed for the duration of the <i>Lebaran</i> festivities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mudik_lebaran">Mudik lebaran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mudik lebaran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mudik" title="Mudik">Mudik</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queuing_at_the_Merak_ferry_port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Queuing_at_the_Merak_ferry_port.jpg/220px-Queuing_at_the_Merak_ferry_port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Queuing_at_the_Merak_ferry_port.jpg/330px-Queuing_at_the_Merak_ferry_port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Queuing_at_the_Merak_ferry_port.jpg/440px-Queuing_at_the_Merak_ferry_port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4336" data-file-height="2739" /></a><figcaption>Thousands of cars clog the port during mudik home-coming.</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the largest temporary human migrations globally is the prevailing custom of the <i>Lebaran</i> where workers, particularly unskilled labourers such as maids and construction workers, return to their home town or city to celebrate with their families and to ask forgiveness from parents, in-laws, and other elders. This is known in Indonesia as <i>mudik</i> or <i>pulang kampung</i> (homecoming). It is an annual tradition that people in big cities such as <a href="/wiki/Greater_Jakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Jakarta">Greater Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a> travel to their hometowns or other cities to visit relatives, to ask forgiveness, or just to celebrate with the whole family. The government of Indonesia provides additional transportation to handle the massive surge of travellers for several days before and after the <i>lebaran</i>. In 2013 around 30 million people travelled to their hometowns during <i>lebaran</i>, spending a total of around 90 trillion rupiah (around US$9 billion)<sup id="cite_ref-Kompas_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kompas-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from main urban centers to rural areas, pulsing economic opportunities and business from the city to the villages. The numbers of Indonesians who took <i>mudik</i> or <i>pulang kampung</i> travel is tremendous, a numbers similar to the whole population of Malaysia travelling simultaneously, causing massive traffic jams and a sudden rise of demand and volume of intercity transportation. </p><p>The impact is huge, as millions of cars and motorcycles jam the roads and highways, causing kilometres of traffic jams each year.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This massive annual congestion usually occurs along Java's <a href="/wiki/North_Coast_Road_(Java)" title="North Coast Road (Java)">Northern Coast Road</a>. Additionally, the wealthier classes often go to local hotels or overseas to accommodate the absence of their domestic servants, drivers and even security guards. Singaporean, Malaysian and Indonesian hotels have been particularly successful in marketing lucrative <i>Lebaran</i> or <i>Idul Fitri</i> "escape packages". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Takbiran">Takbiran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Takbiran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parade_on_the_night_of_Eid_ul-Fitr,_Yogyakarta,_2014-07-27_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Parade_on_the_night_of_Eid_ul-Fitr%2C_Yogyakarta%2C_2014-07-27_01.jpg/220px-Parade_on_the_night_of_Eid_ul-Fitr%2C_Yogyakarta%2C_2014-07-27_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Parade_on_the_night_of_Eid_ul-Fitr%2C_Yogyakarta%2C_2014-07-27_01.jpg/330px-Parade_on_the_night_of_Eid_ul-Fitr%2C_Yogyakarta%2C_2014-07-27_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Parade_on_the_night_of_Eid_ul-Fitr%2C_Yogyakarta%2C_2014-07-27_01.jpg/440px-Parade_on_the_night_of_Eid_ul-Fitr%2C_Yogyakarta%2C_2014-07-27_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1483" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><i>Takbiran</i> parade in Yogyakarta, a night before <i>Lebaran</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The night before Idul Fitri is called <i>takbiran</i>, filled with the sounds of <i><a href="/wiki/Bedug" title="Bedug">bedug</a></i> drums and many <a href="/wiki/Muezzin" title="Muezzin">muezzin</a> chanting the <a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">takbir</a> in the mosques or musallahs. In larger cities people fill the streets and chant takbir from their cars and motorcycles, often creating more traffic jams. In some instances fireworks and firecrackers are ignited, but this is discouraged by police as it could be dangerous to light these explosives over the crowd. In many parts of Indonesia, especially in rural areas, <i>pelita</i>, <i>obor</i> or <i>lampu tempel</i> (oil lamps, similar to tiki torches) are lit and placed outside and around homes. Some cities, such as Yogyakarta, organize a festive annual parade featuring colorful Islamic-themed lantern-like floats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lebaran_day">Lebaran day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lebaran day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the Lebaran day, after performing the <a href="/wiki/Eid_prayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid prayer">Eid prayer</a> in the morning, people dressed in their new or best clothes will gather to greet their family and neighbours. It is common to greet people with <i>"Selamat Idul Fitri"</i>, which means "Happy Eid". Muslims also greet one another with <i>"mohon maaf lahir dan batin"</i>, which means "Forgive my physical and emotional (wrongdoings)", because Idul Fitri is not only for celebrations but also a time for <a href="/wiki/Repentance_in_Islam" title="Repentance in Islam">atonement</a> to ask for forgiveness for sins which have been cleansed as a result of the fasting in the Muslim month of Ramadan. From morning to afternoon, the <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">zakat</a> alms for the poor are distributed in mosques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebaran_feast">Lebaran feast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lebaran feast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ketupat2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ketupat2.jpg/220px-Ketupat2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ketupat2.jpg/330px-Ketupat2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ketupat2.jpg/440px-Ketupat2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ketupat" title="Ketupat">Ketupat</a> is a popular traditional celebrative dish for Eid al-Fitr meal in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Southern Thailand.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kue_kering_Idul_Fitri.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kue_kering_Idul_Fitri.JPG/220px-Kue_kering_Idul_Fitri.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kue_kering_Idul_Fitri.JPG/330px-Kue_kering_Idul_Fitri.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Kue_kering_Idul_Fitri.JPG/440px-Kue_kering_Idul_Fitri.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2537" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kue" title="Kue">Kue</a> kering, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kaasstengels" title="Kaasstengels">kaasstengels</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Putri_salju" class="mw-redirect" title="Putri salju">putri salju</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pineapple_tart" title="Pineapple tart">nastar</a></i>, peanut cookies and choco-chip cookies are popular lebaran <a href="/wiki/Cookies" class="mw-redirect" title="Cookies">cookies</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Families usually have a special Lebaran meal served during breakfast, brunch or lunch; special dishes include <a href="/wiki/Ketupat" title="Ketupat">ketupat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opor" title="Opor">opor</a> ayam, <a href="/wiki/Rendang" title="Rendang">rendang</a>, sambal goreng ati, <a href="/wiki/Sayur_lodeh" title="Sayur lodeh">sayur lodeh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lemang" title="Lemang">lemang</a> (a type of <a href="/wiki/Glutinous_rice" title="Glutinous rice">glutinous rice</a> cake cooked in bamboo). Various types of snacks such as roasted peanuts, <a href="/wiki/Kue" title="Kue">kue</a>, kue kering (<a href="/wiki/Cookies" class="mw-redirect" title="Cookies">cookies</a>) especially <i><a href="/wiki/Kaasstengels" title="Kaasstengels">kaasstengels</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pineapple_tart" title="Pineapple tart">nastar</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Putri_salju" class="mw-redirect" title="Putri salju">putri salju</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Dodol" title="Dodol">dodol</a> and imported <a href="/wiki/Date_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Date (fruit)">dates</a> sweet delicacies are served during the day, together with fruit syrup beverages. </p><p>The lively or alternatively very emotional devotional music blended with Quranic verses associated with Ramadan and Eid – known as <i>Kaisidah</i> or more correctly, <a href="/wiki/Qasida" title="Qasida">Qasida</a> – can be heard throughout the country. These are commonly performed by famous musicians, some of whom may be international stars, and televised nationwide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silaturrahmi_and_lebaran_money">Silaturrahmi and lebaran money</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Silaturrahmi and lebaran money"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Younger families usually visit their older neighbours or relatives to wish them a happy Eid and to ask for forgiveness. During these visits, it is a customs for older, established or married couple to give <i>uang lebaran</i>, a small amount of money, to their own children, as well as those of relatives and neighbours. Idul Fitri is a joyous day for children, as adults give them money in colourful envelopes. Indonesian banks and <a href="/wiki/Bank_Indonesia" title="Bank Indonesia">Bank Indonesia</a> usually open some money changer counters to change larger to smaller denominations several days prior to Lebaran. The denominations may vary from 1,000 to 10,000 rupiah. The sudden rise of demand for goods (especially food) and services (especially transportation), and the pulsing and distribution of newly printed small denomination <a href="/wiki/Bank_notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank notes">bank notes</a> from the central bank, gives the Indonesian economy a seasonal <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> annually. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebaran_costumes">Lebaran costumes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lebaran costumes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is customary for <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Muslim-Indonesians</a> to wear traditional clothing on Eid al-Fitr. The male outfit is known as <i>baju koko</i>: a collarless long- or short-sleeve shirt with traditional embroidered designs with a "kilt" <i><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">sarung</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">songket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">ikat</a> or similar woven, plaid-cloth. Alternatively, they may wear Western-style business suits or more traditional loose-fitting trousers with colour-matched shirts, and a <a href="/wiki/Songkok/Peci" class="mw-redirect" title="Songkok/Peci">peci</a> hat or regional cultural headwear and songkok. The <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay</a> variant worn in Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Thailand" title="Southern Thailand">Southern Thailand</a> and parts of Indonesia (especially <a href="/wiki/Sumatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumatera">Sumatera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>) is known as the <a href="/wiki/Baju_Melayu" title="Baju Melayu">Baju Melayu</a>, shirt worn with a <i>sarong</i> known as <i>kain samping</i> or <i>songket</i> and a headwear known as <i>songkok</i>. </p><p>Traditional female dress is known as <i>kebaya kurung</i>. It consists of, normally, a loose-fitting <a href="/wiki/Kebaya" title="Kebaya">kebaya</a> blouse (which may be enhanced with <a href="/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a>), a long <a href="/wiki/Skirt" title="Skirt">skirt</a> both of which may be <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a>, or the <i>sarung</i> skirt made of <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a>, ikat or songket and for some women either the <i>jilbab</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a>) or its variant the stiffened <i>kerudung</i> <a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">Veil</a>. </p><p>Non-<a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a> Muslims, or even non-Muslims may don costumes of their respective culture and tradition, or <a href="/wiki/Islam_and_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam and clothing">Islamic clothes</a> to show respect to their relatives' or friends' differing religious beliefs for the occasion. This is particularly common in Indonesia, where many families have close friends or relatives of differing faiths, namely <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> and Muslim, or even <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visiting_graves">Visiting graves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Visiting graves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Maulana_Hasanuddin,_Indonesia_Tanah_Airku,_p88.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Grave_of_Maulana_Hasanuddin%2C_Indonesia_Tanah_Airku%2C_p88.jpg/220px-Grave_of_Maulana_Hasanuddin%2C_Indonesia_Tanah_Airku%2C_p88.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Grave_of_Maulana_Hasanuddin%2C_Indonesia_Tanah_Airku%2C_p88.jpg/330px-Grave_of_Maulana_Hasanuddin%2C_Indonesia_Tanah_Airku%2C_p88.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Grave_of_Maulana_Hasanuddin%2C_Indonesia_Tanah_Airku%2C_p88.jpg/440px-Grave_of_Maulana_Hasanuddin%2C_Indonesia_Tanah_Airku%2C_p88.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="1304" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziarah</a> makam</i> or visiting the grave of family or prominent Muslim figure</figcaption></figure> <p>It is common for many Muslims in Indonesia to visit the graves of loved ones several days before <a href="/wiki/Ramadhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramadhan">Ramadhan</a>. During this visit, they clean the grave, recite <a href="/wiki/Ya-Seen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ya-Seen">Ya-Seen</a>, a chapter (<i><a href="/wiki/Sura" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura">sura</a></i>) from the Quran and perform the <i>tahlil</i> ceremony. These are done as a means to ask God to forgive both the dead and the living for their sins. The Javanese majority of Indonesia are known for their pre-Islamic <a href="/wiki/Javanese_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanese beliefs">Kejawen</a> traditions of washing the headstone using scented water from the traditional <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> water-jug, the <i>kendi</i>, and sprinkling hyacinth and jasmine over the graves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_lebaran">After lebaran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: After lebaran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several days after lebaran are usually marked with <i>arus balik</i> (returning waves) of <i>mudik lebaran</i> (lebaran home-coming). People return to cities of their workplaces from their hometowns, and just like the <i>mudik lebaran</i> it creates massive temporary migrations that require large amounts of transportation for travellers and often results in gridlock traffic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Halal_bi-halal">Halal bi-halal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Halal bi-halal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Indonesia there is a special ritual called <i>halal bi-halal</i>. During this, Indonesian Muslims visit their elders, in the family, the neighborhood, or their work, and show respect to them. This may be done during or several days after Idul Fitri. Usually core family and neighbors are visited on the first day of Idul Fitri, further relatives on the next day, and colleagues in days to weeks later after they get back to work. They will also seek reconciliation (if needed), and preserve or restore harmonious relations.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-JIL-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JIL_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JIL_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGhazali" class="citation web cs1">Ghazali, Abdul Moqsith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130601203303/http://islamlib.com/?site=2&aid=1634&cat=content&title=editorial">"The Mystification of "Mudik Lebaran"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.islamlib.com</i>. Jaringan Islam Liberal. Archived from the original on June 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.islamlib.com&rft.atitle=The+Mystification+of+%22Mudik+Lebaran%22&rft.aulast=Ghazali&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Moqsith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamlib.com%2F%3Fsite%3D2%26aid%3D1634%26cat%3Dcontent%26title%3Deditorial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebaran" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MD-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MD_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MD_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahfud MD: "Sejarah Lebaran"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aktual1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aktual1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbnu_Djarir2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ibnu Djarir (7 Aug 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aktual.co/wisatahati/122119sejarah-asal-mula-halal-bihalal-dan-budaya-sungkem">"Sejarah Asal Mula Halal Bihalal dan Budaya Sungkem"</a>. <i>Aktual.co</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aktual.co&rft.atitle=Sejarah+Asal+Mula+Halal+Bihalal+dan+Budaya+Sungkem&rft.date=2013-08-07&rft.au=Ibnu+Djarir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aktual.co%2Fwisatahati%2F122119sejarah-asal-mula-halal-bihalal-dan-budaya-sungkem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebaran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aktual2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aktual2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aktual2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeriyono2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heriyono (7 Aug 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130824011654/http://www.aktual.co/wisatahati/123213idul-fitri-kenapa-muslim-di-indonesia-makan-ketupat">"Idul Fitri, Kenapa Muslim di Indonesia Makan Ketupat?"</a>. <i>Aktual.co</i> (in Indonesian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aktual.co/wisatahati/123213idul-fitri-kenapa-muslim-di-indonesia-makan-ketupat">the original</a> on 24 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aktual.co&rft.atitle=Idul+Fitri%2C+Kenapa+Muslim+di+Indonesia+Makan+Ketupat%3F&rft.date=2013-08-07&rft.au=Heriyono&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aktual.co%2Fwisatahati%2F123213idul-fitri-kenapa-muslim-di-indonesia-makan-ketupat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebaran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kompas-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kompas_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDidik_Purwanto2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Didik Purwanto (5 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2013/08/05/1309377/Pemudik.Lebaran.Alirkan.Dana.Rp.90.Triliun.ke.Daerah">"Pemudik Lebaran Alirkan Dana Rp 90 Triliun ke Daerah"</a> (in Indonesian). Kompas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pemudik+Lebaran+Alirkan+Dana+Rp+90+Triliun+ke+Daerah&rft.pub=Kompas&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft.au=Didik+Purwanto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbisniskeuangan.kompas.com%2Fread%2F2013%2F08%2F05%2F1309377%2FPemudik.Lebaran.Alirkan.Dana.Rp.90.Triliun.ke.Daerah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebaran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/09/01/govt-says-roads-ready-lebaran-exodus.html">Govt says roads ready for Lebaran exodus</a>. The Jakarta Post – 2 September 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van Doorn-Harder, Nelly. "Southeast Asian culture and Islam". <i>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world</i>. p. 649</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eid_al-Fitr_in_Indonesia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Eid al-Fitr in Indonesia">Eid al-Fitr in Indonesia</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_New_Moon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Green_New_Moon.png/43px-Green_New_Moon.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Green_New_Moon.png/65px-Green_New_Moon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Green_New_Moon.png/86px-Green_New_Moon.png 2x" data-file-width="1587" data-file-height="1588" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eid_cuisine" title="Eid cuisine">Eid cuisine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eid_Mubarak" title="Eid Mubarak">Eid Mubarak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_prayers" title="Eid prayers">Eid prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eidgah" title="Eidgah">Eidgah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidi_(gift)" title="Eidi (gift)">Eidi (gift)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargee%27an" title="Gargee'an">Gargee'an</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lebaran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islam_in_Indonesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Template:Islam in Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Islam in Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam in Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islam_in_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Islam in Indonesia">Islam in Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Shia Islam in Indonesia">Shia Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Indonesia" title="Ahmadiyya in Indonesia">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li> <li>Old divisions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abangan" title="Abangan">Abangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyayi" title="Priyayi">Priyayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santri" title="Santri">Santri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/60px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/90px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg/120px-Grand_Istiqlal_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classic era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Arsyad_al-Banjari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari (page does not exist)">Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Arsyad_al-Banjari" class="extiw" title="id:Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nawawi_al-Bantani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nawawi al-Bantani (page does not exist)">Nawawi al-Bantani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawawi_al-Bantani" class="extiw" title="id:Nawawi al-Bantani">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Fansuri" title="Hamzah Fansuri">Hamzah Fansuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Yusuf" title="Sheikh Yusuf">Yusuf al-Makassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malikussaleh" title="Malikussaleh">Malikussaleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_al-Khalidi_al-Minangkabawi" title="Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi">Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Misri" title="Abdullah al-Misri">Abdullah al-Misri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padri_War" title="Padri War">Padri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Imam_Bonjol" title="Tuanku Imam Bonjol">Tuanku Imam Bonjol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Rao" title="Tuanku Rao">Tuanku Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Tambusai" title="Tuanku Tambusai">Tuanku Tambusai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Samad_al-Palimbani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdus Samad al-Palimbani (page does not exist)">Abdus Samad al-Palimbani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Samad_al-Palimbani" class="extiw" title="id:Abdus Samad al-Palimbani">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_Sanga" title="Wali Sanga">Wali Sanga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Ampel" title="Sunan Ampel">Sunan Ampel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Bonang" title="Sunan Bonang">Sunan Bonang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Drajat" title="Sunan Drajat">Sunan Drajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Giri" title="Sunan Giri">Sunan Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Gunung_Jati" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Gunung Jati">Sunan Gunung Jati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Ibrahim" title="Malik Ibrahim">Maulana Malik Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Kalijaga" title="Sunan Kalijaga">Sunan Kalijaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Kudus" title="Sunan Kudus">Sunan Kudus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Murya" title="Sunan Murya">Sunan Murya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rauf_al-Sinkili" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rauf al-Sinkili">Abdurrauf Singkil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mughayat_Syah" title="Ali Mughayat Syah">Ali Mughayat Syah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Nan_Tuo" title="Tuanku Nan Tuo">Tuanku Nan Tuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Ulakan" title="Burhanuddin Ulakan">Burhanuddin Ulakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_bin_Yahya" title="Usman bin Yahya">Usman bin Yahya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National <br />Awakening era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ahmad_(ulama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah Ahmad (ulama)">Abdullah Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Amrullah" title="Abdul Karim Amrullah">Abdul Karim Amrullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Asy%27ari" title="Hasyim Asy'ari">Hasyim Asy'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Dahlan">Ahmad Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_bin_Jalaluddin" title="Tahir bin Jalaluddin">Tahir bin Jalaluddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Jamil_Jambek" title="Muhammad Jamil Jambek">Muhammad Jamil Jambek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Mansoer" title="Mas Mansoer">Mas Mansoer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khatib_al-Minangkabawi" title="Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi">Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Misbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Haji Misbach">Haji Misbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_ar-Rasuli" title="Sulaiman ar-Rasuli">Sulaiman ar-Rasuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Roem" title="Mohammad Roem">Mohammad Roem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasuna_Said" title="Rasuna Said">Rasuna Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oemar_Said_Tjokroaminoto" title="Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto">Tjokroaminoto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Syafi%27i_Maarif" title="Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif">Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azyumardi_Azra" title="Azyumardi Azra">Azyumardi Azra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_Bashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakar Bashir">Abu Bakar Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idham_Chalid" title="Idham Chalid">Idham Chalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djohan_Effendi" title="Djohan Effendi">Djohan Effendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Gymnastiar" title="Abdullah Gymnastiar">Abdullah Gymnastiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Hamka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekarmadji_Maridjan_Kartosoewirjo" title="Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo">Kartosoewirjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurcholish_Madjid" title="Nurcholish Madjid">Nurcholish Madjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Nasution" title="Harun Nasution">Harun Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amien_Rais" title="Amien Rais">Amien Rais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rizieq_Shihab" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rizieq Shihab">Muhammad Rizieq Shihab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraish_Shihab" title="Quraish Shihab">Quraish Shihab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ruf_Amin" title="Ma'ruf Amin">Ma'ruf Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Aqil_Siradj" title="Said Aqil Siradj">Said Aqil Siradj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Somad" title="Abdul Somad">Abdul Somad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_bin_Abdul_Qadir_Jawas" title="Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas">Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Luthfi_bin_Yahya" title="Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya">Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkhairaat" title="Alkhairaat">Alkhairaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_Dakwah_Institute" title="Campus Dakwah Institute">Campus Dakwah Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidayatullah_(Islamic_organization)" title="Hidayatullah (Islamic organization)">Hidayatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbut_Tahrir_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia">Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Association_of_Muslim_Intellectuals" title="Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals">Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Institute_of_Islamic_Dawah" title="Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah">Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Islamic_Propagation_Council" title="Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council">Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Mujahedeen_Council" title="Indonesian Mujahedeen Council">Indonesian Mujahedeen Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Ulema_Council" title="Indonesian Ulema Council">Indonesian Ulema Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Irshad_Al-Islamiya" title="Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya">Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Defenders_Front" title="Islamic Defenders Front">Islamic Defenders Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaringan_Islam_Liberal" title="Jaringan Islam Liberal">Liberal Islam Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majelis_Rasulullah" title="Majelis Rasulullah">Majelis Rasulullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammadiyah" title="Muhammadiyah">Muhammadiyah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aisyiyah" title="Aisyiyah">Aisyiyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Students%27_Association_(Indonesia)" title="Muslim Students' Association (Indonesia)">Muslim Students' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahdlatul_Ulama" title="Nahdlatul Ulama">Nahdlatul Ulama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansor_Youth_Movement" title="Ansor Youth Movement">GP Ansor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam%27iyyah_Ahlith_Thariqah_al-Mu%27tabarah_an-Nahdliyyah" title="Jam'iyyah Ahlith Thariqah al-Mu'tabarah an-Nahdliyyah">JATMAN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahdlatul_Wathan" title="Nahdlatul Wathan">Nahdlatul Wathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PERSIS_(organization)" title="PERSIS (organization)">PERSIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Education_Movement" title="Islamic Education Movement">PERTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rabithah_al-Alawiyyah" title="Al-Rabithah al-Alawiyyah">Rabithah Alawiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarekat_Islam" title="Sarekat Islam">Sarekat Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatera_Thawalib" title="Sumatera Thawalib">Sumatera Thawalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahdah_Islamiyah" title="Wahdah Islamiyah">Wahdah Islamiyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Star_Party_(Indonesia)" title="Crescent Star Party (Indonesia)">Crescent Star Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Nahdlatul_Community_Party" title="Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party">Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masyumi_Party" title="Masyumi Party">Masyumi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Awakening_Party" title="National Awakening Party">National Awakening Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mandate_Party" title="National Mandate Party">National Mandate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperous_Justice_Party" title="Prosperous Justice Party">Prosperous Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummah_Party" title="Ummah Party">Ummah Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Development_Party" title="United Development Party">United Development Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Militia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banser" title="Banser">Banser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Islam_(Indonesia)" title="Darul Islam (Indonesia)">Darul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaah_Ansharut_Tauhid" title="Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid">Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaah_Islamiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaah Islamiyah">Jamaah Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laskar_Jihad" title="Laskar Jihad">Laskar Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahidin_Indonesia_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujahidin Indonesia Timur">Mujahidin Indonesia Timur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">Spread of Islam in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_embassy_to_Aceh" title="Ottoman embassy to Aceh">Ottoman embassy to Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_Sanga" title="Wali Sanga">Wali Sanga</a></li> <li>Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demak_Sultanate" title="Demak Sultanate">Demak Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaimana" title="Kingdom of Kaimana">Kingdom of Kaimana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowa_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowa Sultanate">Gowa Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mataram_Sultanate" title="Mataram Sultanate">Mataram Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Samudera Pasai Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate" title="Sultanate of Ternate">Ternate Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Tidore" title="Sultanate of Tidore">Tidore Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate" title="Yogyakarta Sultanate">Yogyakarta Sultanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padri_War" title="Padri War">Padri War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<br />independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Charter" title="Jakarta Charter">Jakarta Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petition_of_Fifty" title="Petition of Fifty">Petition of Fifty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Priok_massacre" title="Tanjung Priok massacre">Tanjung Priok massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talangsari_incident" title="Talangsari incident">Talangsari incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Aceh" title="Insurgency in Aceh">Insurgency in Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_sectarian_conflict" title="Maluku sectarian conflict">Maluku sectarian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poso_riots" title="Poso riots">Poso riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatwa_on_Religious_Pluralism,_Liberalism,_and_Secularism" title="Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism">Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Madago_Raya" title="Operation Madago Raya">Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Jakarta_protests" title="December 2016 Jakarta protests">December 2016 Jakarta protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adat" title="Adat">Adat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia" title="Mosque architecture in Indonesia">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedug" title="Bedug">Bedug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajug" title="Tajug">Tajug</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babad_Tanah_Jawi" title="Babad Tanah Jawi">Babad Tanah Jawi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Indonesia#Clothing" title="Islam in Indonesia">Costumes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kupiah" title="Kupiah">Kupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkok" title="Songkok">Songkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Hadroh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khaul (page does not exist)">Khaul</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haul_(Islam)" class="extiw" title="id:Haul (Islam)">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauman" title="Kauman">Kauman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lebaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaqib" title="Manaqib">Manakiban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Maulid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Indonesia" title="List of mosques in Indonesia">Mosques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istiqlal_Mosque,_Jakarta" title="Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta">Istiqlal Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musabaqah_Tilawatil_Quran" title="Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran">Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Indonesia#Qasidah_modern" title="Music of Indonesia">Qasidah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebana" title="Rebana">Rebana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">Sholawatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman_(dance)" title="Saman (dance)">Saman</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Banten" title="Sejarah Banten">Sejarah Banten</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekaten" title="Sekaten">Sekaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serak_Gulo" title="Serak Gulo">Serak Gulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slametan" title="Slametan">Slametan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suroan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suroan (page does not exist)">Suroan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suroan" class="extiw" title="id:Suroan">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suronan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suronan (page does not exist)">Suronan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Suronan" class="extiw" title="id:Festival Suronan">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabligh_Akbar" title="Tabligh Akbar">Tabligh Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabuik" title="Tabuik">Tabuik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahlil" title="Tahlil">Tahlilan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takbiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takbiran (page does not exist)">Takbiran</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takbiran" class="extiw" title="id:Takbiran">id</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausiyah" title="Tausiyah">Tausiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirakatan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirakatan (page does not exist)">Tirakatan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirakat" class="extiw" title="id:Tirakat">id</a>]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tombo_Ati" title="Tombo Ati">Tombo Ati</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetu_Telu" title="Wetu Telu">Wetu Telu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqowiyu" title="Yaqowiyu">Yaqowiyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya-Sin" title="Ya-Sin">Yasinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munir" title="Al-Munir">Al-Munir</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqro" title="Iqro">Iqro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Kheir" title="Jamiat Kheir">Jamiat Kheir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_kuning" title="Kitab kuning">Kitab kuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_santri" title="Kota santri">Kota santri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyai" title="Kyai">Kyai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIPIA" title="LIPIA">LIPIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesantren" title="Pesantren">Pesantren</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_Al-Mishbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafsir Al-Mishbah">Tafsir Al-Mishbah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Nusantara" title="Islam Nusantara">Islam Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Yes,_Islamic_Party_No" title="Islam Yes, Islamic Party No">Islam Yes, Islamic Party No</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_law_in_Aceh" title="Islamic criminal law in Aceh">Islamic criminal law in Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Jama’ah Tabligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemaah_Tarbiyah" title="Jemaah Tarbiyah">Jemaah Tarbiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(Islam_in_Indonesia)" title="Modernism (Islam in Indonesia)">Modernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalism_(Islam_in_Indonesia)" title="Traditionalism (Islam in Indonesia)">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Aceh" title="Islam in Aceh">Aceh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_West_Sumatra" title="Islam in West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_East_Java" title="Islam in East Java">East Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Central_Sulawesi" title="Islam in Central Sulawesi">Central Sulawesi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mosques_in_Indonesia" title="Template:Mosques in Indonesia">Mosques in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Indonesia" title="Template:History of Indonesia">History of Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Template:National Heroes of Indonesia">National Heroes of Indonesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&oldid=1247073494">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lebaran&oldid=1247073494</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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