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class="timer"> <strong>Date:</strong> <span>1999-12-31 12:50:49 UTC</span> </li> <li class="revid"> <strong>Revision ID:</strong> <span>git-v1:3af9cd39c56e113876d5d85416b106eaaf8fa23c</span> </li> </ul> <div class="tags">Tags: v0.3</div> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="information">Import聽from聽libiconv-0.3.<br/></div> </div> <ul id="list-files"> <ul> <li class="desc">files added:</li> </ul> <ul> <li class="files" id="file"> <a href="/~vcs-imports/libiconv/trunk/revision/1/AUTHORS#AUTHORS" title="View changes to AUTHORS in revision 1">AUTHORS</a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li class="files" id="file"> <a href="/~vcs-imports/libiconv/trunk/revision/1/COPYING.LIB#COPYING.LIB" title="View changes to COPYING.LIB in revision 1">COPYING.LIB</a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li class="files" id="file"> <b><a href="#DESIGN">DESIGN</a></b> </li> </ul> <ul> <li class="files" id="file"> <a href="/~vcs-imports/libiconv/trunk/revision/1/Makefile.devel#Makefile.devel" title="View changes to Makefile.devel in 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class="codin"><img alt="added" src="/static/images/newCode.gif" /> added</p> <p class="codin"><img alt="removed" src="/static/images/deleteCode.gif" /> removed</p> <form onSubmit="compute_diff_links(); return false">Lines of Context:<input type="text" id="contextLines" size="2" length="7" value="3" onKeyUp="compute_diff_links(); return false"/></form> <div class="clear"></div> <div> <div class="diff"> <div class="diffBox"> <a class="the-link" href="/~vcs-imports/libiconv/trunk/revision/1/DESIGN" id="DESIGN" title="View changes to DESIGN only"> <img class="expand_diff" src="/static/images/treeExpanded.png"/> DESIGN </a> </div> <div style="overflow: hidden"> <div class="container"> <div class="loading" style="display:none"> <img src="/static/images/spinner.gif" /> </div> <div class="diffinfo"> <div class="pseudotable unified"> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">1</div> <div class="code insert">While some other iconv(3) implementations - like FreeBSD iconv(3) - choose</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">2</div> <div class="code insert">the "many small shared libraries" and dlopen(3) approach, this implementation</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">3</div> <div class="code insert">packs everything into a single shared library. Here is a comparison of the</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">4</div> <div class="code insert">two designs.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">5</div> <div class="code insert"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">6</div> <div class="code insert">* Run-time efficiency</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">7</div> <div class="code insert">  1. A dlopen() based approach needs a cache of loaded shared libraries.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">8</div> <div class="code insert">  Otherwise, every iconv_open() call will result in a call to dlopen()</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">9</div> <div class="code insert">  and thus to file system related system calls - which is prohibitive</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">10</div> <div class="code insert">  because some applications use the iconv_open/iconv/iconv_close sequence</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">11</div> <div class="code insert">  for every single filename, string, or piece of text.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">12</div> <div class="code insert">  2. In terms of virtual memory use, both approaches are on par. Being shared</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">13</div> <div class="code insert">  libraries, the tables are shared between any processes that use them.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">14</div> <div class="code insert">  And because of the demand loading used by Unix systems (and because libiconv</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">15</div> <div class="code insert">  does not have initialization functions), only those parts of the tables</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">16</div> <div class="code insert">  which are needed (typically very few kilobytes) will be read from disk and</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">17</div> <div class="code insert">  paged into main memory.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">18</div> <div class="code insert">  3. Even with a cache of loaded shared libraries, the dlopen() based approach</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">19</div> <div class="code insert">  makes more system calls, because it has to load one or two shared libraries</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">20</div> <div class="code insert">  for every encoding in use.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">21</div> <div class="code insert"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">22</div> <div class="code insert">* Total size</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">23</div> <div class="code insert">  In the dlopen(3) approach, every shared library has a symbol table and</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">24</div> <div class="code insert">  relocation offset. All together, FreeBSD iconv installs more than 200 shared</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">25</div> <div class="code insert">  libraries with a total size of 2.3 MB. Whereas libiconv installs 0.45 MB.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">26</div> <div class="code insert"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">27</div> <div class="code insert">* Extensibility</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">28</div> <div class="code insert">  The dlopen(3) approach is good for guaranteeing extensibility if the iconv</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">29</div> <div class="code insert">  implementation is distributed without source. (Or when, as in glibc, you</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">30</div> <div class="code insert">  cannot rebuild iconv without rebuilding your libc, thus possibly</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">31</div> <div class="code insert">  destabilizing your system.)</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">32</div> <div class="code insert">  The libiconv package achieves extensibility through the LGPL license:</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">33</div> <div class="code insert">  Every user has access to the source of the package and can extend and</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">34</div> <div class="code insert">  replace just libiconv.so.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">35</div> <div class="code insert">  The places which have to be modified when a new encoding is added are as</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">36</div> <div class="code insert">  follows: add an #include statement in iconv.c, add an entry in the table in</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">37</div> <div class="code insert">  iconv.c, and of course, update the README and iconv_open.3 manual page.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">38</div> <div class="code insert"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">39</div> <div class="code insert">* Use within other packages</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">40</div> <div class="code insert">  If you want to incorporate an iconv implementation into another package</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">41</div> <div class="code insert">  (such as a mail user agent or web browser), the single library approach</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">42</div> <div class="code insert">  is easier, because:</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">43</div> <div class="code insert">  1. In the shared library approach you have to provide the right directory</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">44</div> <div class="code insert">  prefix which will be used at run time.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">45</div> <div class="code insert">  2. Incorporating iconv as a static library into the executable is easy -</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">46</div> <div class="code insert">  it won't need dynamic loading. (This assumes that your package is under</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">47</div> <div class="code insert">  the LGPL or GPL license.)</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">48</div> <div class="code insert"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">49</div> <div class="code insert"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">50</div> <div class="code insert">All conversions go through Unicode. This is possible because most of the</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">51</div> <div class="code insert">world's characters have already been allocated in the Unicode standard.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">52</div> <div class="code insert">Therefore we have for each encoding two functions:</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">53</div> <div class="code insert">- For conversion from the encoding to Unicode, a function called xxx_mbtowc.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">54</div> <div class="code insert">- For conversion from Unicode to the encoding, a function called xxx_wctomb,</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">55</div> <div class="code insert">  and for stateful encodings, a function called xxx_reset which returns to</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">56</div> <div class="code insert">  the initial shift state.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">57</div> <div class="code insert"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">58</div> <div class="code insert"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">59</div> <div class="code insert">All our functions operate on a single Unicode character at a time. This is</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">60</div> <div class="code insert">obviously less efficient than operating on an entire buffer of characters at</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">61</div> <div class="code insert">a time, but it makes the coding considerably easier and less bug-prone. Those</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">62</div> <div class="code insert">who wish best performance should install the Real Thing (TM): GNU libc 2.1</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">63</div> <div class="code insert">or newer.</div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="pseudorow insert-row"> <div class="lineNumber first"> </div> <div class="lineNumber second">64</div> <div class="code insert"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul id="pages">  <li class="next"> <a href="/~vcs-imports/libiconv/trunk/revision/1286?start_revid=1287">Older »</a> </li> </ul> </div> <p id="footer" class="fl"> Loggerhead is a web-based interface for <a 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