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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Musim_dan_iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musim_dan_iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Musim dan iklim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musim_dan_iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekosistem_tropika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekosistem_tropika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ekosistem tropika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekosistem_tropika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 103 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trope" title="Trope – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Trope" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropen" title="Tropen – Jerman Switzerland" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tropen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Switzerland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearm_geard" title="Wearm geard – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wearm geard" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="منطقة استوائية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة استوائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_intertropical" title="Zona intertropical – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zona intertropical" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropikl%C9%99r" title="Tropiklər – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tropiklər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropika" title="Tropika – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tropika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ক্রান্তীয় বলয় – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রান্তীয় বলয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jia%CC%8Dt-t%C3%A0i" title="Jia̍t-tài – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jia̍t-tài" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Тропікі – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тропікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Тропікі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тропікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7" title="उष्णकटिबंध – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="उष्णकटिबंध" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropi" title="Tropi – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tropi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trovan" title="Trovan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trovan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тропици – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тропици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_tropical" title="Zona tropical – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zona tropical" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropick%C3%BD_p%C3%A1s" title="Tropický pás – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tropický pás" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trofannau" title="Trofannau – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Trofannau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropisk" title="Tropisk – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tropisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropen" title="Tropen – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tropen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deesdoigi" title="Deesdoigi – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Deesdoigi" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropy" title="Tropy – Sorbian Rendah" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Tropy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troopika" title="Troopika – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Troopika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B6%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Τροπική ζώνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τροπική ζώνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tropics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_intertropical" title="Zona intertropical – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zona intertropical" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropikoj" title="Tropikoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tropikoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropiko" title="Tropiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tropiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مدارگان – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدارگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropique" title="Tropique – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tropique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropen" title="Tropen – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tropen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Teochrios" title="An Teochrios – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Teochrios" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Ghrianchryss" title="Yn Ghrianchryss – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Ghrianchryss" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B3pico" title="Trópico – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Trópico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80" title="열대 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurare_masu_zafi_(Tropics)" title="Wurare masu zafi (Tropics) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արևադարձային գոտիներ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևադարձային գոտիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="ऊष्णकटिबन्ध – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊष्णकटिबन्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropy" title="Tropy – Sorbian Atas" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Tropy" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbian Atas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropi" title="Tropi – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tropi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropiko" title="Tropiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tropiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropiko" title="Tropiko – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tropiko" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitabelti" title="Hitabelti – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hitabelti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_torrida" title="Zona torrida – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zona torrida" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99" title="האזור הטרופי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האזור הטרופי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropika" title="Tropika – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tropika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ტროპიკები – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტროპიკები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тропиктер – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тропиктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тропик – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тропик" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropiki" title="Tropiki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tropiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twopik" title="Twopik – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Twopik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_tropica" title="Zona tropica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zona tropica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropi" title="Tropi – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tropi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atogr%C4%85%C5%BEos" title="Atogrąžos – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atogrąžos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B3pusok" title="Trópusok – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Trópusok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Тропски појас – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тропски појас" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zana-pehintany" title="Zana-pehintany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zana-pehintany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B2" title="ഉഷ്ണമേഖല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉഷ്ണമേഖല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%87" title="منطقه استوائيه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منطقه استوائيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%87%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အပူပိုင်းဇုန် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပူပိုင်းဇုန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropen_(geografie)" title="Tropen (geografie) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tropen (geografie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%AF" title="熱帯 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="熱帯" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troopen" title="Troopen – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Troopen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropene" title="Tropene – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tropene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropane" title="Tropane – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tropane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropic" title="Tropic – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tropic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BE" title="କ୍ରାନ୍ତିରେଖା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କ୍ରାନ୍ତିରେଖା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropik_mintaqalar" title="Tropik mintaqalar – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tropik mintaqalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85" title="ត្រូពិច – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ត្រូពិច" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropen" title="Tropen – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tropen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strefa_mi%C4%99dzyzwrotnikowa" title="Strefa międzyzwrotnikowa – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strefa międzyzwrotnikowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B3pico" title="Trópico – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trópico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zon%C4%83_tropical%C4%83" title="Zonă tropicală – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zonă tropicală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Тропы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тропы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Тропики – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тропики" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тропик – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тропик" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/kacaledesan" title="kacaledesan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="kacaledesan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tropics" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_tropike" title="Zona tropike – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zona tropike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA" title="ඝර්ම කලාපය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඝර්ම කලාපය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tropics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropick%C3%A9_p%C3%A1smo" title="Tropické pásmo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tropické pásmo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropski_pas" title="Tropski pas – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tropski pas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Тропи – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тропи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropi" title="Tropi – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tropi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropis" title="Tropis – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tropis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trooppinen_vy%C3%B6hyke" title="Trooppinen vyöhyke – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Trooppinen vyöhyke" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropikerna" title="Tropikerna – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tropikerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropiko" title="Tropiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tropiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வெப்ப வலயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்ப வலயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เขตร้อน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขตร้อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Nhiệt đới – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt đới" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мадоргон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мадоргон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6nence" title="Dönence – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dönence" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Тропіки – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тропіки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="منقلبین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="منقلبین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4n%C3%BCjuun" title="Käänüjuun – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Käänüjuun" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropike" title="Tropike – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tropike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropiko" title="Tropiko – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tropiko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%ABw%C3%A9el" title="Gëwéel – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Gëwéel" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="热带 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="热带" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="熱帶地區 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="熱帶地區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6" title="热带 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="热带" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42530#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTropika"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tropika"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tropika&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropika&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tropics" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42530" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:World_map_torrid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/World_map_torrid.svg/350px-World_map_torrid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/World_map_torrid.svg/525px-World_map_torrid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/World_map_torrid.svg/700px-World_map_torrid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2939" data-file-height="1491" /></a><figcaption>Zon antaratropika ditandai warna merah dalam peta dunia ini.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tropika</b> merupakan kawasan sekitar <a href="/wiki/Khatulistiwa" title="Khatulistiwa">Khatulistiwa</a> di Bumi, dibatasi oleh <a href="/wiki/Garisan_Sartan" title="Garisan Sartan">Garisan Sartan</a> (kira-kira 23°26' (23.5°) U) di hemisfera utara, dan <a href="/wiki/Garisan_Jadi" title="Garisan Jadi">Garisan Jadi</a> (23°26' (23.5°) S) di hemisfera selatan. Kawasan tropika juga dikenali sebagai <b>zon tropika</b> dan <b>zon terik</b> (lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zon_geografi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zon geografi (laman tidak wujud)">zon geografi</a>). </p><p>Kawasan tropika merangkumi seluruh kawasan di Bumi di mana <a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">Matahari</a> mencapai titik betul-betul di atas dan betul-betul di bawah permukaan Bumi, sekurang-kurangnya sekali sepanjang setahun suria. Di luar kawasan tropika, Matahari tidak sesekali pun mencapai titik betul-betul di atas dan betul-betul di bawah sedemikian sepanjang tahun. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musim_dan_iklim">Musim dan iklim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Musim dan iklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropika&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Musim dan iklim"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Iklim_tropika" title="Iklim tropika">Iklim tropika</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Tropical-area-mactan-philippines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tropical-area-mactan-philippines.jpg/220px-Tropical-area-mactan-philippines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tropical-area-mactan-philippines.jpg/330px-Tropical-area-mactan-philippines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Tropical-area-mactan-philippines.jpg/440px-Tropical-area-mactan-philippines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption>Pemandangan di <a href="/wiki/Filipina" title="Filipina">Filipina</a> ketika Matahari hampir betul-betul di atas permukaan bumi pada waktu tengahari.</figcaption></figure> <p>Musim-musim tropika dikuasai oleh pergerakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_hujan_tropika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur hujan tropika (laman tidak wujud)">jalur hujan tropika</a> (atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=ITCZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ITCZ (laman tidak wujud)">ITCZ</a>, zon pertemuan antara tropika) yang berulang alik di antara tropika utara dan selatan sepanjang setahun, menyebabkan timbulnya musim-musim <a href="/wiki/Musim_kemarau" title="Musim kemarau">kemarau</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Musim_tengkujuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Musim tengkujuh">tengkujuh</a>, tanpa kebezaan suhu dan kepanjangan siang ketara yang menandakan pola musim <a href="/wiki/Musim_bunga" title="Musim bunga">bunga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musim_panas" title="Musim panas">panas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musim_luruh" title="Musim luruh">luruh</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Musim_sejuk" title="Musim sejuk">sejuk</a> yang terdapat di kawasan luar tropika. </p><p>Namun demikian, tarikh bermulanya empat <a href="/wiki/Musim" title="Musim">musim</a> ini ada kaitannya dengan tropika, biarpun tarikh-tarikh tersebut hanya dipakai di kawasan-kawasan ber<a href="/wiki/Iklim_sederhana" title="Iklim sederhana">iklim sederhana</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawasan_kutub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawasan kutub (laman tidak wujud)">kawasan kutub</a>, yang mana tarikh permulaan <a href="/wiki/Solstis_musim_sejuk" title="Solstis musim sejuk">solstis musim sejuk</a> sahaja yang berguna di kawasan tropika kerana <a href="/wiki/Solstis_musim_panas" title="Solstis musim panas">solstis musim panas</a> berlaku apabila Matahari berada di <a href="/wiki/Zenit" title="Zenit">zenit</a>, yang berlaku pada tarikh berlainan di <a href="/wiki/Latitud" title="Latitud">latitud</a> berbeza. Musim bunga bermula apabila Matahari betul-betul di atas Khatulistiwa (<a href="/wiki/Ekuinoks_musim_bunga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekuinoks musim bunga">ekuinoks musim bunga</a>). Musim panas bermula apabila matahari betul-betul di atas <a href="/wiki/Garisan_Sartan" title="Garisan Sartan">Garisan Sartan</a> di utara atau betul-betul di atas <a href="/wiki/Garisan_Jadi" title="Garisan Jadi">Garisan Jadi</a> di selatan (<a href="/wiki/Solstis_musim_panas" title="Solstis musim panas">solstis musim panas</a>). Musim luruh bermula apabila Matahari sekali lagi berada betul-betul di atas Khatulistiwa (<a href="/wiki/Ekuinoks_musim_luruh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekuinoks musim luruh">ekuinoks musim luruh</a>). Musim sejuk bermula apabila Matahari berada betul-betul di atas <a href="/wiki/Garisan_Jadi" title="Garisan Jadi">Garisan Jadi</a> di utara atau betul-betul di atas <a href="/wiki/Garisan_Sartan" title="Garisan Sartan">Garisan Sartan</a> di selatan (<a href="/wiki/Solstis_musim_sejuk" title="Solstis musim sejuk">solstis musim sejuk</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Kota_Kinabalu_by_Dale_Preston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kota_Kinabalu_by_Dale_Preston.jpg/220px-Kota_Kinabalu_by_Dale_Preston.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kota_Kinabalu_by_Dale_Preston.jpg/330px-Kota_Kinabalu_by_Dale_Preston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kota_Kinabalu_by_Dale_Preston.jpg/440px-Kota_Kinabalu_by_Dale_Preston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Matahari terbenam di laut tropika <a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>"Tropika" juga memaksudkan <a href="/wiki/Iklim_tropika" title="Iklim tropika">iklim tropika</a> yang panas dan lembap sepanjang tahun, dengan tumbuh-tumbuhan yang subur sekali. Namun begitu, terdapat sesetengah kawasan dalam tropika yang tidak menampakkan ciri-ciri "iklim tropika", termasuk juga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundra_alp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tundra alp (laman tidak wujud)">tundra alp</a> dan puncak gunung berlitup salji, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea" title="Mauna Kea">Mauna Kea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Kilimanjaro" title="Gunung Kilimanjaro">Gunung Kilimanjaro</a>, dan banjaran <a href="/wiki/Andes" class="mw-redirect" title="Andes">Andes</a> selatan sejauh kawasan utara <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. Mengikut <a href="/wiki/Pengelasan_iklim_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Pengelasan iklim Köppen">pengelasan iklim Köppen</a>, kebanyakan kawasan dalam tropika geografi bukan tergolong sebagai "tropika", sebaliknya "kering" (<a href="/wiki/Iklim_gurun" title="Iklim gurun">gersang</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Iklim_separa_gersang" class="mw-redirect" title="Iklim separa gersang">separa gersang</a>) termasuk <a href="/wiki/Gurun_Sahara" title="Gurun Sahara">Gurun Sahara</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedalaman_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedalaman Australia (laman tidak wujud)">Pedalaman Australia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekosistem_tropika">Ekosistem tropika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Ekosistem tropika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropika&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ekosistem tropika"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Paju%C3%A7ara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Paju%C3%A7ara.jpg/220px-Paju%C3%A7ara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Paju%C3%A7ara.jpg/330px-Paju%C3%A7ara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Paju%C3%A7ara.jpg/440px-Paju%C3%A7ara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Pokok kelapa dalam iklim tropika hangat di <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tumbuh-tumbuhan dan haiwan-haiwan tropika adalah spesies-spesies yang berasal dari kawasan tropika. Ekosistem tropika merangkumi <a href="/wiki/Hutan_hujan" title="Hutan hujan">hutan hujan</a>, hutan daun luruh kering, hutan berduri, <a href="/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun">gurun</a> dan lain-lain jenis habitat. Di kawasan tropika selalunya terasa <a href="/wiki/Biodiversiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiversiti">biodiversiti</a> dan kehadiran <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endemisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endemisme (laman tidak wujud)">endemisme</a> spesies, khususnya di hutan hujan dan hutan daun luruh kering. Antara contoh-contoh biodiversiti terpenting atau ekosistem berendemisme tinggi adalah: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Negara_El_Yunque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Negara El Yunque (laman tidak wujud)">Taman Negara El Yunque</a> di <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, hutan hujan <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, wilayah <a href="/wiki/Hutan_Hujan_Amazon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutan Hujan Amazon">Hutan Hujan Amazon</a> di <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, hutan daun luruh kering di <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosfera_Waterberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biosfera Waterberg (laman tidak wujud)">Biosfera Waterberg</a> di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a> dan hutan hujan di timur <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. Biasanya, tanah hutan tropika adalah rendah kandungan <a href="/wiki/Nutrien" title="Nutrien">nutriennya</a>, menjadikannya agak terdedah kepada kaedah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tebang_bakar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tebang bakar (laman tidak wujud)">tebang bakar</a> yang wujud dalam sesetengah amalan sistem pertanian <a href="/wiki/Pertanian_pindah" title="Pertanian pindah">pertanian pindah</a>. </p><p>Dari segi <a href="/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi">biogeografi</a>, kawasan tropika dibahagi kepada paleotropik ("tropika <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Lama" title="Dunia Lama">Dunia Lama</a>"; Afrika, Asia dan Australia) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neotropik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neotropik (laman tidak wujud)">neotropik</a> ("tropika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunia_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunia Baru (laman tidak wujud)">Dunia Baru</a>"; Amerika Tengah dan Selatan). Bersama-sama, paleotropik dan neotropik juga dikenali sebagai 'pantropik'. </p><p>Kira-kira 40 peratus penduduk manusia di dunia tinggal dalam kawasan tropika (mengikut perangkaan tahun 2008); adalah dijangka pada tahun 2060, 60% penduduk manusia akan berada dalam tropika kerana kadar kelahiran tinggi dan penghijrahan.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropika&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pertanian_tropika" title="Pertanian tropika">Pertanian tropika‎‎</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tropika&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506005738/http://www.geohive.com/default1.aspx">"GeoHive population statistics"</a>. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geohive.com/default1.aspx">yang asal</a> pada 2009-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2010-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GeoHive+population+statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geohive.com%2Fdefault1.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ATropika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropika&oldid=6173953">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropika&oldid=6173953</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tropika" title="Kategori:Tropika">Tropika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Musim" title="Kategori:Musim">Musim</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 06:36, 19 April 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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