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data-name="Ид"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-above" style="background: Amber"><center>Ҷашни Сада</center></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style=""> <span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q1070318$3E304C25-3B7F-421B-9388-8A4A1EA24408" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Sadeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sadeh.jpg/250px-Sadeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sadeh.jpg/375px-Sadeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sadeh.jpg/500px-Sadeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span></span> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style=";"><span data-wikidata-claim-id="Q1070318$8bc09e00-4716-e929-7325-d0435083a60b" class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sadeh" title="commons:Category:Sadeh"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sadeh" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sadeh">Парвандаҳо дар Викианбор</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:JashnSadeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/JashnSadeh.jpg/220px-JashnSadeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/JashnSadeh.jpg/330px-JashnSadeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/JashnSadeh.jpg/440px-JashnSadeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>Ҷашни Сада дар Эрон</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ҷашни Сада</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Забони форсӣ">форсӣ:</a> <span lang="fa" dir="rtl" style="font-style:tahoma;font-size:1.2em">جشن سَده</span>‎) — яке аз <a href="/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD" title="Ҷашн">ҷашнҳои</a> эронитаборон ва мардуми форсизабон аст, ки дар оғози шомгоҳи 10 баҳманмоҳ (30 январи тақвими мелодӣ) баргузор мешавад. Ин рӯзро <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Обонрӯз (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Обонрӯз</a> мегӯянд. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Таърих"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.8A.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85"></span>Таърих</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Вироиши қисмат: Таърих" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Таърих"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Бино ба тадқиқоти олими мардумшинос ва мутахассиси фолклор <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Равшан Раҳмонӣ">Равшан Раҳмонӣ</a> таърихи нишонаҳои пайдоиши ҷашни Сада, ки марбут ба Хуршед ва тимсоли он оташ мебошад, хеле қадимӣ буда, ба замони пеш аз ориёӣ ва ҳатто аз он ҳам дуртар мерасад. Доир ба арзи ҳастӣ намудани он аввалин ахбор дар фарҳанги гуфторӣ (шифоҳӣ), устураҳои мансух ишора рафта ва тавассути ин ду сарчашма ба осори хаттӣ роҳ ёфтааст. Хеле муҳим аст, ки <i>боварҳо ва нишонаҳои эътиқод ба Хуршеду оташ, ки сабабгори аслии ба вуҷуд омадани ҷашни Сада мебошад</i>, то имрӯз дар байни мардумони гуногуни олам ба назар мерасад. </p><p>Бо пайдо шудани оташ ва муқаддас гардидани он мардуми пешин барои худ ҷашни Садаро интихоб карданд. Ин аз як тараф ифодагари рамзи ҷовидонагии Хуршед ва муқаддас донистани оташ мебошад, аз тарафи дигар ба зиндагии инсон ва робитаи ӯ бо табиат вобастагии ногусастанӣ дорад. Баъдҳо маҳз пайдо шудани «ҷашни оташ» ва ҳамчун рамзи Хуршед донистани он ҷашни Сада дар миёни мардум густариш пайдо кард. </p><p> Дар бораи пайдоиши ҷашни Сада назарҳо гуногун мебошанд. Баъзе муҳаққиқон ва донишмандон онро ҷашни замони ориёӣ мепиндоранд ва иддаи дигар падидории онро пеш аз даврони ориёиҳо медонанд. Вале ба ҳар сурат пайдоиши ҷашни Сада ва устураҳои марбут ба он ба масъалаи таҷҷамӯи рӯшноӣ ва оташ вобаста мебошад ва аз таҳаввули ташаккули қавмҳои ориёӣ дарак медиҳанд, ки онҳо ин ҷашнро аз пешиниён гирифтанд ва баъдиҳо онро то рӯзгори мо расониданд. Агар аз ин нуқтаи назар ба ҷашни Сада наздик шавем, нахуст аз ҳама моҳияти мақулаҳои хуршед, рӯшноӣ ва оташ пеши назар меоянд, ки ҳар кадомаш ба ҳаёти инсон ва табиат вобастагии хос доранд. Ба ҳамагон маълум аст, ки маҳз ба воситаи рӯшноии Хуршед тамоми мавҷудоти олам зинда аст ва ҳаракат мекунад. Дар ин бора Пешвои миллат дар навиштаҳои худ ишорати ҷолибе доранд, ки чунин аст: </p><blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div>«Дар миёни қувваҳои сершумори бадӣ, дар дашту ҷангалҳои Осиёи Марказӣ, ки ҷони инсонро дар азоб ва ба таҳлука меандохт, бахусус хушкӣ ва торикӣ бисёр зиёновар буданд. Онҳо дарёфта буданд, ки бар зидди неруҳои номбаршудаи бадӣ, озар ё оташ ва раъду барқ муассир буданд. Бар зидди торикӣ бошад, Хуршед, чун унсури тавоно муқаддас дониста мешуд. Нисбати ҳамин аст, ки Хуршед дар миёни нажоди қавмҳои зиёди олами бостон ситоиш ва парастиш шудааст» </div><p style="margin:0 2em 0 0; text-align:right">— <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%A3_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Эмомалӣ Раҳмон">Эмомалӣ Раҳмонов</a>. «Нигоҳе ба таърих ва тамаддуни ориёӣ», 2006, С.263</p></blockquote> <p>Ҳамин хусусиятро инсонҳои замони бостон эътироф намуда, аз гармии Хуршед баҳра мебурданд ва алоҳида онро ниёиш карда, пасон, рӯшноӣ ва оташро ба он нисбат дода, ин унсурҳои табииро кашф карданд ва ба онҳо эътиқод оварда, ба парастишашон оғоз намуданд, ки баъдҳо муҷиби пайдо шудани ҷашни Сада гардидааст. </p><p>Дар фарҳанги суннатии ниёгони мо муборизаи равшанӣ ва торикӣ ҳамчун ҷавҳари маънавӣ нақши калидӣ доранд, ки он ба ҷашни Сада низ алоқаманд мебошад. Дар доираи ташаккули ҳамин унсурҳои ба ҳам зид гузаштагони мо, аз ҷумла қавмҳои ориёӣ ду фасли сол доштанд, ки ин ҳамон муборизаи <a href="/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҳурмузд">Ҳурмузду</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аҳриман">Аҳриман</a> ва муборизаи равшанӣ бо торикиро ба ёд меорад. Якеро тобистони (ҳама [hama]) бузург меномиданд, ки он ҳафт моҳро дар бар мегирифт ва аз оғози фарвардин (баробари 21-ум ва гоҳе 22 марти тақвими мелодӣ) шурӯъ шуда, то охири моҳи меҳр (баробари 22 октябри тақвими мелодӣ) идома меёфт. Дуюмиро зимистони (зайана [zayana]) бузург мегуфтанд, ки аз аввали моҳи обон (баробари 23 октябри тақвими мелодӣ) сар мешуд ва то поёни моҳи исфандро (баробари 20 марти тақвими мелодӣ) дар бар гирифта, 150 рӯз идома меёфт. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вожаи_Сада"><span id=".D0.92.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B0.D0.B8_.D0.A1.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0"></span>Вожаи Сада</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Вироиши қисмат: Вожаи Сада" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Вожаи Сада"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Сада дар забони авастоӣ ба маънои <i>«баромадан ва тулуъ кардан»</i>-ро доро будааст. Дар забонҳои эронии бостон ба гунаи <i>«sadok»</i> ва дар форсии миёна ба гунаи <i>«sadag»</i> будааст. Агар нахустин рӯзи зимистонро (пас аз <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Шаби ялдо">Шаби ялдо</a>) тавлиди дигаре барои Хуршед ё <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D2%B3%D1%80_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Меҳр (Митро)">Меҳр</a> бидонем метавон онро ҳамоҳанг дар ҷашн гирифтан дар даҳумин ва чиҳиллумин рӯзи тавлиди ойини куҳан ва зиндаи эронӣ донист (дар ҳамаи остонҳои кишвар ва сарзаминҳои эронӣ дониста мешавад). </p><p> Оид ба истилоҳи «Сада» низ фикрҳои гуногун мавҷуд бошанд ҳам, онҳо ба ҳамдигар умумият дошта, қадимияти ин ҷашнро тасдиқ менамоянд. Масалан, донишманди маъруфи эронӣ Ҳошими Ризоӣ дар бораи вожаи сада менависад, ки: </p><blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div>«Сада вожаи форсӣ аст. Дар паҳлавӣ бояд ба шакле аз ин ашкол: <i>сат [sat], сатаг [satag], садҳаг [sadhag], садҳ [sadh], сата [sata]</i> буда бошад. Дар арабӣ ба сурати <i>сазақ</i> ё <i>садақ</i> китобат ва талаффуз мешавад. Маъмулан, вожаҳое, ки аз форсии миёна ба форсии ҷадид даромада ва ба „ҳо“-и ғайри малфуз хатм мешаванд, дар асл ба ҳарфи „гоф“ ё „коф“ тамом мешуда. Ҳамчунин ҳарфи „т“ дар паҳлавӣ, дар форсии ҷадид ба „д“ ва дар арабӣ ба „зол“ табдил мешавад. Дар форсии миёна ва форсии бостон ва <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Авесто">Авесто</a> ба ҳар ҳол вожаи <i>сата [sata]</i> ба маънии <i>сад</i>, <i>адади сад</i> мебошад, чунонки дар форсӣ низ Сада ба маънии <i>сад сол</i> дар баробари қарн ба кор меравад».</div><p style="margin:0 2em 0 0; text-align:right">— Ризо Ҳошим. Ҷашнҳои оташ ва меҳргон. Теҳрон, 1383, саҳ.99.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ойинҳо"><span id=".D0.9E.D0.B9.D0.B8.D0.BD.D2.B3.D0.BE"></span>Ойинҳо</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Вироиши қисмат: Ойинҳо" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Ойинҳо"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ҷашни Садаро дар байни мардуми форсизабон ба тарзи гуногун истиқбол мегирад. Яке аз усулҳои идгузаронӣ чунин аст: </p><p>Дар даҳумин рӯз ё Обонрӯз аз баҳман моҳ бо афрухтани ҳезуме, ки мардум аз пагоҳӣ бар бомӣ хонаи худ ё бар баландии кӯҳистон гирд оварданд, ин ҷашн оғоз мешавад. Дар ишороте торих, ин ҷашн ҳамеша ба шакле дастҷамъӣ ва бо гирдиҳамойии ҳамаи мардумони шаҳр, маҳалла ва русто дар якҷо ва бо барпойи як оташе бузург баргузор мешуда аст. Мардумон дар гирд овардани ҳезум бо якдигар мушорекат мекунанд ва ба ин тартиб ҷашни Сада, ҷашни ҳамкорӣ ва ҳамбастагии мардумон аст<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Аз шаби таваллуди <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Хуршед">Хуршед</a>, пас аз чил рӯз барои гарму сӯзон шудани офтоб, ниёкони мо ҷашни Садаро гиромӣ медоштанд. Дар ҷашни Сада маросими афрӯхтани оташ ва паридан аз болои он ривоҷ доштааст. Ин расм дар миёни насрониҳо, ба вижа русҳо, ҳамчун ҷашни <i>«масленница»</i>, роиҷ аст<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ҷашни Садаро дар даҳумин рӯзи моҳи баҳман (баробари 29-30 январ) баргузор мекарданд, ки аз зимистон сад рӯз (обон, озар, дай ва даҳ рӯзи баҳман) мегузашт. Ба ақидаи ориёиҳои қадим сармо ба авҷи баланди худ мерасид ва баъдан ҳаво тадриҷан ба самти беҳбудӣ, нармӣ ва гармӣ мерафт. Аз ин рӯ, барои он ки ба кишту кори онҳо зараре нарасад ва чорвоҳояшон аз сардӣ эмин нигаҳдорӣ гардад, оташро ҳамчун рамзи Ҳурмузд меафрӯхтанд, то дар он қувваҳои бадӣ сӯзанду нобуд гарданд. Ба гуфти бархе аз донишмандон ҳамин ки аз зимистони бузург сад рӯз мегузашт, мардум ҷашни оташ, яъне Садаро барпо менамуданд. Онҳо бовар доштанд, ки лаҳзаҳои сармои ҷонкоҳ гузаштаасту нармию гармӣ вориди рӯзгори мардум шудааст. Аз гузаштани сармои шадид, ки неруи аҳриманӣ аст, хушҳолӣ карда аз дашту саҳро ҳезум, бутта, хошок ҷамъ оварда, хирмани бузург месохтанд. Баробари расидани торикӣ он хирмани ҳезуму хасу хошокро оташ мезаданд, ки аз ин оташ ҳама ҷо фурӯзон мегашт ва дар гирди он рақсу бозию хушҳолӣ менамуданд. Дар он рӯзгорони қадим ниёгони ориёиҳо бар он бовар буданд, ки ин гулхан ҳамчун неруи Ҳурмузд бозмондаҳои сарморо, ки марбути Аҳриман аст, нобуд месозад<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сада_дар_Эрон"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.AD.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BD"></span>Сада дар Эрон</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Вироиши қисмат: Сада дар Эрон" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Сада дар Эрон"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Зартуштиёни Теҳрон, Караҷ, устони Язд ва рустоҳои атрофи Ардакон, Кирмон ва рустоҳо, Аҳвоз, Шероз, Исфаҳон, Урупо (Суъед) ва Омрико (Колифурниё) ва Устуролиё бо гирд омадан дар як нуқта аз шаҳр ё русто дар канораҳои ҳам оташе бузург меафрӯзанд ва ба ниёишхонӣ ва сурудхонӣ ва ба пойкубӣ мепардозанд. </p><p>Ин ҷашн дар тақвими ҷадиди зартуштиён мусодеф бо Меҳррӯз аз баҳманмоҳ шудааст, ҳол онки <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Абурайҳон Муҳаммад ибни Аҳмади Хоразмӣ">Абурайҳони Берунӣ</a> ва дигар манобеъ онро <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Обонрӯз (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Обонрӯз</a> гузориш кардаанд.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сада_дар_гузаштаи_тоҷикон"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.B3.D1.83.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.88.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.BE.D2.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD"></span>Сада дар гузаштаи тоҷикон</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Вироиши қисмат: Сада дар гузаштаи тоҷикон" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Сада дар гузаштаи тоҷикон"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Мувофиқи ривояти «Шоҳнома» Ҳушанг шоҳи пешдодиён ин ҷашнро асос гузоштааст. Гӯё Ҳушанг ҳамроҳи дарбориёнаш дар саҳро ба море дучор меояд. Ҳушанг сӯйи мор санг меандозад. Санг бар санги дигар бархӯрда аз он оташак меҷаҳад ва ба ҳамин васила оташ кашф мегардад. Минбаъд одамон ба ҳамин муносибат оташ афрӯхта ба он саҷда мекарданд. </p> <div class="poem"> <big><center>Сада ҷашни мулуки номдор аст,<br /> </center></big><center><big><br />Зи Афридуну аз Ҷам ёдгор аст.<br /> Унсурӣ </big></center> </div> <p>Ҷашни Сада ба оини <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D2%B3%D1%80_(%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE)" title="Меҳр (Митро)">Меҳргароӣ</a> (Митроӣ) дуруст меояд, ки аз оини Зардуштӣ 3000-то 5000 пеш мавҷуд буд. Дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Маздаясна">оини Зардуштӣ</a> муқаддасоти ҷашни Сада нигоҳ дошта шуд. Сада то садаи XII ҷашн гирифта мешуд, лекин баъдҳо аз байн рафт, вале нишонаҳои он — гулхан афрӯхтан, дар гирди он базм оростан ҳанӯз ҳам дар байни мардуми тоҷик ба назар мерасад. </p><p> Ҳаким Фирдавсӣ оғози ин ҷашнро ба Ҳушанг, писари Сиёмак нисбат медиҳад. </p><div class="poem"> <big><center>Зи Ҳушанг монд он Сада ёдгор,<br /> </center></big><center><big><br />Басе бод чун ӯ дигар шаҳриёр.</big></center> </div> <p>Дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тоҷикистон">Тоҷикистон</a> аз рӯи тақвими мардуми форсизабон рӯзи ҷашни Сада дар баъзе аз деҳот ҷашн гирифта мешавад. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Эзоҳ"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.B7.D0.BE.D2.B3"></span>Эзоҳ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Вироиши қисмат: Эзоҳ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Эзоҳ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avesta.org/sadeh.htm">The Zoroastrian festival of Sadeh (Jashan-e Sadeh)</a>. <i>www.avesta.org</i>. <small>31 Январ 2020 санҷида шуд.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mazdo.wordpress.com/2012/12/27/%d1%88%d0%b0%d0%b1%d0%b8-%d1%8f%d0%bb%d0%b4%d0%be/">Шаби ялдо</a><span title="ба забони тоҷикӣ" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(тоҷ.)</span>. <i>Торнигори Зафар Мирзоён</i> (27 Декабри 2012). <small>31 Январ 2020 санҷида шуд.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Разӣ Ҳ. Гоҳшуморӣ ва ҷашнҳои Эрони бостон. Теҳрон, 1371</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Осор ал боқия, фасли 9, Абурайҳон Берунӣ(порсӣ:آثارالباقیه، فصل نهم، ابوریحان بیرونی)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Адабиёт"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.91.D1.82"></span>Адабиёт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Вироиши қисмат: Адабиёт" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Адабиёт"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Баҳор М. Аз устура то таърих. Теҳрон: «Нашри Чашма», 1384 хуршедӣ. (бо ҳуруфи форсӣ).</li> <li>Баҳор М., Ҷусторе чанд дар фарҳанги Эрон // Ойинҳо ва ҷашнҳои куҳани Эрон. Теҳрон: Интишороти Фикри рӯз. 1373, с. 124.</li> <li>Бертелс Е. Э. Праздник джашни сада в таджикской поэзии // Сборник статей по филологии народов Средней Азии посвященный 80-летию со дня рождения А. А. Семёнова. Сталинабад: Издательство Академия наук ҶШС Таджикистан, 1953. с. 33-43.</li> <li>Берунӣ Абӯрайҳон. Осор-ул-боқия. Теҳрон: Интишороти Амири Кабир. 1363 ш.</li> <li>Брагинский И. С. Из истории таджикской народной поэзии. Элементы народно-поэтического творчества в памятниках древней и средневековой письменности. М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1956.</li> <li>Раҳимов Д. Сада ҷашни азёдрафтаи эрониён // Чинори пургул. Душанбе, 2008.</li> <li>Якубов Ю. Праздник Сада или древней масленицы // Мероси ниёгон, № 6, 2003. с.144-149.</li> <li>Ҳазратқулов М. Наврӯзи оламафрӯз ва дигар идҳои суннатии сол. — Душанбе: Эр-граф, 2012.</li> <li>Ҳазратқулов М. 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