CINXE.COM

Loading 3rd party ad content

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><script>window.pageStartTs = Date.now()</script><link as="script" href="https://www.theage.com.au/afx_prid/2023.10.16.1/auth/ps/p202310161.js?lcsid=D3377D70-045F-4C2C-B07F-C88533E87E67" rel="preload"/><script>var afx_start = Date.now();</script><script src="https://www.theage.com.au/afx_prid/2023.10.16.1/auth/ps/p202310161.js?lcsid=D3377D70-045F-4C2C-B07F-C88533E87E67"></script><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" name="viewport"/><meta content="ie=edge" http-equiv="x-ua-compatible"/><meta content="#0A1633" name="theme-color"/><link href="//api.ffx.io" rel="dns-prefetch"/><link href="//static.ffx.io" rel="dns-prefetch"/><link href="//fonts.gstatic.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/><script>tp = window.tp || []; try { // Set Application ID tp.push(["setAid", 'Jt36gy4Tpa']); // Is application in sandbox? tp.push(["setSandbox", false]); // Does application use Piano ID? tp.push(["setUseTinypassAccounts", false]); tp.push(["setEndpoint", "https://buy-au.piano.io/api/v3"]); } catch (error) { console.error("Failed Piano push, error: ", error) } </script><link href="//www.googletagmanager.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/><link href="//plugin.mediavoice.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/><link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="preconnect"/><link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://partner.googleadservices.com" rel="preconnect"/><link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://adservice.google.com" rel="preconnect"/><link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://tpc.googlesyndication.com" rel="preconnect"/><script async="" id="gptHeadScript" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script><script> const canTrackUser = function() { var disallowedTimeZones = new RegExp('Europe/|/Los_Angeles', 'i'); var userTimeZone = Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone; return !userTimeZone ? false : !disallowedTimeZones.test(userTimeZone); }; if (canTrackUser()) { ;(function(p,l,o,w,i,n,g){if(!p[i]){p.GlobalSnowplowNamespace=p.GlobalSnowplowNamespace||[]; p.GlobalSnowplowNamespace.push(i);p[i]=function(){(p[i].q=p[i].q||[]).push(arguments) };p[i].q=p[i].q||[];n=l.createElement(o);g=l.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];n.async=1; n.src=w;g.parentNode.insertBefore(n,g)}} (window,document,"script","//d2uhnetoehh304.cloudfront.net/2.18.2/sp.js","snowplow")); if(window.snowplow) { window.snowplow('newTracker', 'ffx', 'i.ffx.io', { appId: 'theage-web', contexts: { performanceTiming: false, webPage: true, gaCookies: true }, discoverRootDomain: true, maxLocalStorageQueueSize: 50, post: true }); window.snowplow('enableActivityTracking:ffx', 10, 10) window.snowplow(function(){ window.ffxSnowplow = this && this['ffx'] }) } } </script><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+''; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer', 'GTM-TCMZ2X6');</script><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+''; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayerGA4', 'GTM-NBPHP7TX');</script><script>(function(w,d,t,r,u){var f,n,i;w[u]=w[u]||[],f=function(){var o={ti:"4010840"}; o.q=w[u],w[u]=new UET(o),w[u].push("pageLoad")},n=d.createElement(t),n.src=r,n.async=1, n.onload=n.onreadystatechange=function(){var s=this.readyState;s&&s!=="loaded"&&s!=="complete"||(f(), n.onload=n.onreadystatechange=null)},i=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],i.parentNode.insertBefore(n,i); })(window,document,"script","//bat.bing.com/bat.js","uetq");</script><script data-rh="true" type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Caroline Schelle"},"dateModified":"2024-11-18T07:50:15+00:00","datePublished":"2024-11-18T07:50:15+00:00","description":"Victoria Curriculum and Assessment Authority boss Kylie White will leave her post immediately, as the education minister revealed early half of VCE exams were affected by the exam paper fiasco.","headline":"Students could lose marks over VCE exam breach","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":450,"url":"https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.1447%2C$multiply_0.7554%2C$ratio_1.776846%2C$width_1059%2C$x_61%2C$y_142/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930","width":800},"keywords":"","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/vce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal-20241118-p5krgc.html","@type":"WebPage"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":"628","url":"https://www.theage.com.au/theage.png","width":"1200"},"name":"The Age"},"isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".paywall"},"isPartOf":{"@type":["CreativeWork","Product"],"name":"The Age","productID":"theage.com.au:webonly"}}</script><title data-rh="true">VCE 2024: VCE students could lose marks over VCAA exam breach</title><style>*{box-sizing:border-box}a,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,em,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,object,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{padding:0;border:0;margin:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,section,summary{display:block}body{line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none}blockquote,q{quotes:none}blockquote:after,blockquote:before,q:after,q:before{content:"";content:none}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}abbr{text-decoration:none}button,input:not([type=radio]):not([type=checkbox]){-webkit-appearance:none}input[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield}button{font:inherit}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Abril Titling;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/assets/4d02358a.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/6da01c6c.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Abril Titling;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/assets/c5f3dffd.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/76537870.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Abril Titling Bold;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:url(/assets/c67d7077.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/76d4d4e2.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Abril Titling Bold;font-style:italic;font-weight:500;src:url(/assets/b81bb9a1.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/be269ac8.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:PT Sans;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/assets/dd51f8cf.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/13175aa7.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:PT Sans;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/assets/9ff0e533.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/8edd2fca.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:PT Serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/assets/3dffa6aa.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/771a7b18.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:PT Serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/assets/b9bc76d6.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/assets/f9402efb.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{ascent-override:101.8%;descent-override:27.6%;font-family:system-fonts-primary;src:local(Trebuchet MS),local(Arial Narrow)}@font-face{ascent-override:103.9%;descent-override:28.6%;font-family:system-fonts-secondary;src:local(Georgia),local(Times),local(Times New Roman)}@font-face{ascent-override:79%;descent-override:28%;font-family:system-fonts-tertiary;src:local(Book Antiqua),local(Palatino),local(Palatino Linotype),local(Palatino LT STD),local(Georgia)}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:inherit}body,html{min-width:320px;height:100%}html{box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{background-color:#fff;color:#232323;font-family:PT Sans,Trebuchet MS,Arial Narrow,sans-serif}a{color:#555;text-decoration:none}a:focus,a:hover{color:#096dd2;transition:color .2s ease-out}@media only screen and (max-device-width:1366px)and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:1.5){body.overlay{position:absolute;right:0;left:0}}@media(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){.lock{position:fixed;width:100%}}#app{background-color:#fff}.lock,.ReactModal__Body--open{overflow:hidden;height:100vh}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.commentLock{overflow:hidden}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px)and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){.commentLock{position:fixed;width:100%}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.lockMobile{overflow:hidden}}.printOnly{display:none}@media only print{.printOnly{display:initial}}@media only print{.noPrint{display:none!important}}:root{--colorBrand:#0a1633;--colorBrandOffset:#192646;--colorDarkAccent:#454f64;--colorDarkAccent2:#454f64;--colorAuthor:#d7dbe3;--colorExplainer:tomato;--colorOpinion:#f4f5f7;--colorHeaderOffset:#192646;--colorHeaderDescription:#fff;--colorWarmFill:#f7f6f5;--colorAction:#096dd2;--colorActionAlt:#096dd2;--colorActionLight:#4095ec;--colorActionDark:#0053a6;--colorActionDarkest:#004080;--colorActionInverted:#096dd2;--colorActionOnDark:#58b5ff;--colorActionOnDarkHover:#58b5ff;--colorActionOnDarkUnderline:transparent;--colorLink:#096dd2;--colorLinkHover:#096dd2;--textDecorationLink:none;--colorLabel:#0a1633;--colorLabelHighlight:transparent;--colorLabelUrgent:#d9172f;--colorLabelUrgentDark:tomato;--colorLabelUrgentHighlight:transparent;--labelBorderInline:4px solid $colorLightAccent;--labelHeightInline:14px;--labelInsetLivePulse:5px;--labelPadding:0;--labelPaddingLive:15px;--colorButton:#096dd2;--colorButtonInactive:#a6acba;--colorButtonInactiveText:#677085;--colorButtonSecondary:none;--colorButtonSecondaryHover:#d4d4d4;--colorButtonSecondaryText:#3a3a3a;--colorButtonText:#fff;--buttonFontWeight:400;--colorHighlight:#d9172f;--colorNavAction:#58b5ff;--colorLightFill:#f4f5f7;--colorNavSubsectionLinks:#192646;--colorNavSubsectionAction:#096dd2;--colorNavSubsectionLightFill:#f4f5f7;--colorHighlightOffset:tomato;--colorMenuAction:#096dd2;--colorMenuSubscriber1:#751e3a;--colorMenuSubscriber2:#38366a;--colorMenuSubscriber3:#d9172f;--colorMenuSubscriberHighlight:#d9172f;--colorMenuSubscriberBadgeText:#fff;--colorInlineAnchorAction:#096dd2;--colorInlineAnchorActionUnderline:transparent;--colorInlineAnchorBorder:9,109,210;--colorInlineHoverAction:#096dd2;--colorInlineQuote:#d7dbe3;--heightInlineAnchorBorder:1px;--transparencyInlineAnchorBorder:.4;--colorArticleToolHover:#d7dbe3;--colorArticleToolActive:#004080;--colorMostPopularCounter:#454f64;--colorStoryTileHighlight:#096dd2;--textDecorationStoryTile:none;--fontWeightAuthorByline:400;--colorPaywallBackground:#0a1633;--colorPaywallButtonAction:#0053a6;--colorPaywallText:#fff;--colorFooterAction:#454f64;--colorFooterSection:#454f64;--colorSubscriberGlowBottom:10,22,51;--colorSubscriberGlowMid:217,23,47;--colorSubscriberGlowSurround:56,54,106;--colorLiveArticleByLineUnderline:transparent;--colorLiveArticleByLineLink:#096dd2;--colorLiveArticleHeader:#192646;--colorLiveArticleLabel:#d9172f;--colorLiveArticleLatestPostLink:#096dd2;--colorLiveArticlePill:#d9172f;--colorLiveArticlePillText:#fff;--filterLiveArticlePin:none;--fontWeightPostPublishedTime:normal;--colorPagination:#096dd2;--colorPaginationHover:#096dd2;--colorStoryTileHeadlineHover:#096dd2;--colorStoryTileHeadlineHoverUnderline:transparent;--colorSearchChip:#d9edff;--colorSearchChipHover:#096dd2;--colorSearchRadio:auto;--colorSectionHover:#2684ff;--colorOptionHover:#eff5fe;--colorOptionSelected:#f7faff;--colorBorder:#d7dbe3;--colorMarketTabLink:#096dd2;--colorMarketTabHover:#0a1633;--colorCommentsAction:#3a3a3a;--colorCommenterRole:#555;--colorCommenterTag:#9bcfff;--colorCommentsText:#232323;--colorCommentsTimestamp:#767676;--colorWarning:#ff8b00;--colorWarningAlt:#a6acba}.brisbanetimes,:root{--colorPaginationStroke:#fff}.brisbanetimes{--colorBrand:#232323;--colorBrandOffset:#000;--colorDarkAccent:#555;--colorDarkAccent2:#666;--colorAuthor:#69e8ff;--colorExplainer:#69e8ff;--colorOpinion:#faf5e6;--colorHeaderOffset:#232323;--colorHeaderDescriptionDark:#d4d4d4;--colorWarmFill:#f0f0f0;--colorAction:#69e8ff;--colorActionAlt:#232323;--colorActionLight:#1bcded;--colorActionDark:#1bcded;--colorActionDarkest:#1bcded;--colorActionInverted:#767676;--colorActionOnDark:#fff;--colorActionOnDarkHover:#69e8ff;--colorActionOnDarkUnderline:#fff;--colorLink:#232323;--colorLinkHover:#0088a1;--textDecorationLink:underline;--colorLabel:#232323;--colorLabelHighlight:#69e8ff;--colorLabelUrgent:#232323;--colorLabelUrgentDark:#232323;--colorLabelUrgentHighlight:#f4fb55;--labelBorderInline:none;--labelHeightInline:20px;--labelInsetLivePulse:7px auto auto 8px;--labelPadding:2px 8px;--labelPaddingLive:18px;--colorButton:#69e8ff;--colorButtonActive:brightTurquoise;--colorButtonInactive:#d4d4d4;--colorButtonText:#232323;--buttonFontWeight:700;--colorHighlight:#1bcded;--colorNavAction:#69e8ff;--colorLightFill:#232323;--colorNavSubsectionLinks:#fff;--colorNavSubsectionAction:#1bcded;--colorNavSubsectionLightFill:#000;--colorHighlightOffset:#1bcded;--colorMenuAction:#3a3a3a;--colorMenuSubscriber1:#f4fb55;--colorMenuSubscriber2:#555;--colorMenuSubscriber3:#f4fb55;--colorMenuSubscriberHighlight:#555;--colorMenuSubscriberBadgeText:#000;--colorInlineAnchorAction:#000;--colorInlineAnchorActionUnderline:#000;--colorInlineAnchorBorder:0,0,0;--colorInlineHoverAction:#0088a1;--colorInlineQuote:#d4d4d4;--heightInlineAnchorBorder:2px;--transparencyInlineAnchorBorder:10;--colorArticleToolHover:#f0f0f0;--colorArticleToolActive:#0088a1;--colorMostPopularCounter:#1bcded;--colorStoryTileHighlight:initial;--textDecorationStoryTile:underline #1bcded;--fontWeightAuthorByline:700;--colorPaywallBackground:#69e8ff;--colorPaywallButtonAction:#004c5a;--colorPaywallText:#232323;--colorFooterAction:#767676;--colorFooterSection:#3a3a3a;--colorSubscriberGlowBottom:35,35,35;--colorSubscriberGlowMid:35,35,35;--colorSubscriberGlowSurround:35,35,35;--colorLiveArticleByLineUnderline:#232323;--colorLiveArticleByLineLink:#232323;--colorLiveArticleHeader:#232323;--colorLiveArticleLabel:#0088a1;--colorLiveArticleLatestPostLink:#0088a1;--colorLiveArticlePill:#69e8ff;--colorLiveArticlePillText:#232323;--filterLiveArticlePin:hue-rotate(191deg) saturate(2.1);--fontWeightPostPublishedTime:bold;--colorPagination:#232323;--colorPaginationHover:#3a3a3a;--colorStoryTileHeadlineHover:#3a3a3a;--colorStoryTileHeadlineHoverUnderline:#69e8ff;--colorSearchChip:#faf5e6;--colorSearchChipHover:#f4fb55;--colorSearchRadio:#0088a1;--colorSectionHover:#00a6c4;--colorOptionHover:#f0f0f0;--colorOptionSelected:#f7f6f5;--colorBorder:#a5a5a5;--colorMarketTabLink:#555;--colorMarketTabHover:#0088a1;--colorCommenterTag:#69e8ff}body{overflow-x:hidden}._3BiGC{z-index:90;position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;height:3px;background:#d9172f}._2O3rv{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._3zMrp{z-index:70;position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}._2zP2_{-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px)}._1Jq9J{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;overflow-y:auto}.Szm4a.Szm4a{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding:48px 20px;background:#f4f5f7}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.Szm4a.Szm4a{width:480px;height:auto;padding:64px 60px;border:1px solid #000;border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}}._3LxJ_{position:fixed;left:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%;height:100%}.oFzKC{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem;margin:0 10% 24px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,system-fonts-tertiary,serif;text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oFzKC{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem}}._1LPEN{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;padding:20px 20px 16px 16px;border:0;background-color:transparent;color:var(--colorBrand);cursor:pointer;font-size:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1LPEN{padding:28px 28px 16px 16px}}._1LPEN span{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._3zMrp{z-index:70;position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}._2zP2_{-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px)}._1Jq9J{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;overflow-y:auto}.OK924{width:auto;max-width:624px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:320px}@media only print{.OK924{max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content}}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:808px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:736px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:1168px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:1000px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}._2TEVJ{padding:0 20px}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){._2TEVJ .adWrapper{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}._2eeHA{padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2eeHA{padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:64px}}._1npeq a{color:var(--colorLink);text-decoration:var(--textDecorationLink)}._1npeq a:hover{color:var(--colorLinkHover);text-decoration:underline}._1npeq em{font-style:italic}._3_hLE{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;padding:12px;border:0;border-radius:4px;letter-spacing:1px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;transition:all .1s}._17BTN{background:var(--colorAction);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}._17BTN._17BTN,._17BTN._17BTN:active,._17BTN._17BTN:hover,._17BTN._17BTN:visited,._17BTN:active,._17BTN:hover,._17BTN:visited{color:var(--colorButtonText);text-decoration:none}._17BTN:focus,._17BTN:hover{background:var(--colorActionDark)}._17BTN:active{background:var(--colorActionDarkest)}._1Zci0{border:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.25);background:transparent;color:#fff}@media not all and (min-resolution:0.001dpcm){@supports(-webkit-appearance:none){._1Zci0{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}}}._1Zci0:focus,._1Zci0:hover{border-color:#096dd2;background:#096dd2;color:#fff}._1Zci0:active{border-color:#004080;background:#004080;color:#fff}._17muu{border:none;background:none;border-radius:0}._1AsGk{margin-bottom:16px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:28px;line-height:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1AsGk{margin-bottom:24px;font-size:48px;line-height:56px}}._21ebA{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._21ebA{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem}}._2LDXj{margin-top:32px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:24px}._2LDXj,.KpWOE{margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand)}.KpWOE{line-height:1.6470588235;font-size:1.0625rem;padding:8px 0;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-top:24px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KpWOE{line-height:1.4;font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:3px}}.cMu-d{margin-bottom:32px}.cMu-d:after,.cMu-d:before{display:table;content:""}.cMu-d:after{clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._32Pk2{display:block;clear:both;float:none;width:100%;margin-right:auto}._32Pk2,._32Pk2:first-child{margin-left:auto}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._32Pk2{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:65.9166666667%;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.25%}._32Pk2:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:0}}.AkZ3C{min-height:135px;margin-bottom:20px}.oKsgR{padding-top:24px;border-top:3px solid #d7dbe3}.oKsgR a{word-break:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.oKsgR strong{font-weight:700}.oKsgR em{font-style:italic}.oKsgR p{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR p{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}.oKsgR h2,.oKsgR h3{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem;margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}.oKsgR li{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR li{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}._3mNPm{counter-reset:b}._3mNPm li{margin-left:25px}._3mNPm>li:before{content:counters(b,".") ". ";counter-increment:b}._3gnhE{margin-top:16px;margin-left:25px;list-style:disc}._2N9eJ{line-height:1.125;font-size:1rem;width:100%;height:40px;padding:12px;border:1px solid #a6acba;border-radius:4px}._2Kbwt._2Kbwt{overflow:visible;width:335px;height:auto;background:var(--colorBrand);border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 9px 12px -6px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 19px 29px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 7px 36px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.12);color:#fff;opacity:1;outline:0;text-align:center;transform:translateY(-8px)}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2Kbwt._2Kbwt{transform:translateY(-32px)}}.X5j8z{opacity:0;transition:opacity .8s ease-out}._1Wwod{height:57px}._1Wwod._2hoZW:before{top:-25px;left:105px;width:125px;height:125px;background-image:url(/assets/24b5461f.svg)}._1Wwod._2hoZW:before,._1Wwod.fmXca:before{position:absolute;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;content:""}._1Wwod.fmXca:before{top:-14px;left:129px;width:77px;height:77px;background-image:url(/assets/7436c239.svg)}._1p0uJ{top:16px;right:16px;background-color:var(--colorBrand);color:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-size:1rem}._1p0uJ,._1p0uJ span{position:absolute;border:0}._1p0uJ span{overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._2y0f-{padding:32px}._2y0f- h2{line-height:1;font-size:1.5rem;margin-bottom:12px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,system-fonts-tertiary,serif;font-weight:400}._2y0f- p{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem;margin-bottom:24px;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}._2y0f- a{color:#58b5ff;text-decoration:underline}._2y0f- ._1mB6P{line-height:1.4285714286;font-size:.875rem}._2y0f- ._3zNmr{text-align:center}._2y0f- ._3zNmr:before{display:inline-block;width:40px;height:1px;margin-bottom:16px;background-color:#454f64;content:""}._3bvkr._3bvkr{line-height:1.8461538462;font-size:.8125rem;width:100%;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px}._1i3Oc{-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}._1i3Oc,._1i3Oc:after{width:100%;height:18px}._1i3Oc:after{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--colorBrand) 0,rgba(var(--colorBrand),0)),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(var(--colorBrand),0) 0,#d9172f 50%,rgba(var(--colorBrand),0))}._1i3Oc:after,._1i3Oc:before{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;content:""}._1i3Oc:before{width:100%;height:3px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(var(--colorBrand),0) 0,#d9172f 50%,rgba(var(--colorBrand),0))}._3zMrp{z-index:70;position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}._2zP2_{-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px)}._1Jq9J{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;overflow-y:auto}.OK924{width:auto;max-width:624px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:320px}@media only print{.OK924{max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content}}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:808px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:736px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:1168px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:1000px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}._2TEVJ{padding:0 20px}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){._2TEVJ .adWrapper{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}._2eeHA{padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2eeHA{padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:64px}}._1npeq a{color:var(--colorLink);text-decoration:var(--textDecorationLink)}._1npeq a:hover{color:var(--colorLinkHover);text-decoration:underline}._1npeq em{font-style:italic}._3_hLE{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;padding:12px;border:0;border-radius:4px;letter-spacing:1px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;transition:all .1s}._17BTN{background:var(--colorAction);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}._17BTN._17BTN,._17BTN._17BTN:active,._17BTN._17BTN:hover,._17BTN._17BTN:visited,._17BTN:active,._17BTN:hover,._17BTN:visited{color:var(--colorButtonText);text-decoration:none}._17BTN:focus,._17BTN:hover{background:var(--colorActionDark)}._17BTN:active{background:var(--colorActionDarkest)}._1Zci0{border:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.25);background:transparent;color:#fff}@media not all and (min-resolution:0.001dpcm){@supports(-webkit-appearance:none){._1Zci0{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}}}._1Zci0:focus,._1Zci0:hover{border-color:#096dd2;background:#096dd2;color:#fff}._1Zci0:active{border-color:#004080;background:#004080;color:#fff}._17muu{border:none;background:none;border-radius:0}._1AsGk{margin-bottom:16px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:28px;line-height:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1AsGk{margin-bottom:24px;font-size:48px;line-height:56px}}._21ebA{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._21ebA{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem}}._2LDXj{margin-top:32px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:24px}._2LDXj,.KpWOE{margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand)}.KpWOE{line-height:1.6470588235;font-size:1.0625rem;padding:8px 0;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-top:24px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KpWOE{line-height:1.4;font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:3px}}.cMu-d{margin-bottom:32px}.cMu-d:after,.cMu-d:before{display:table;content:""}.cMu-d:after{clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._32Pk2{display:block;clear:both;float:none;width:100%;margin-right:auto}._32Pk2,._32Pk2:first-child{margin-left:auto}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._32Pk2{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:65.9166666667%;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.25%}._32Pk2:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:0}}.AkZ3C{min-height:135px;margin-bottom:20px}.oKsgR{padding-top:24px;border-top:3px solid #d7dbe3}.oKsgR a{word-break:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.oKsgR strong{font-weight:700}.oKsgR em{font-style:italic}.oKsgR p{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR p{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}.oKsgR h2,.oKsgR h3{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem;margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}.oKsgR li{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR li{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}._3mNPm{counter-reset:b}._3mNPm li{margin-left:25px}._3mNPm>li:before{content:counters(b,".") ". ";counter-increment:b}._3gnhE{margin-top:16px;margin-left:25px;list-style:disc}._2N9eJ{line-height:1.125;font-size:1rem;width:100%;height:40px;padding:12px;border:1px solid #a6acba;border-radius:4px}._1Mj0V{display:none;border:0}.bETJP{border-radius:4px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.bETJP{overflow:hidden;height:auto}}.bETJP.bETJP{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:calc(100% - 48px);height:auto;max-height:calc(100% - 48px);-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 16px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.3)}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.bETJP.bETJP{height:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.bETJP.bETJP{width:936px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._19-GG{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}}._1wrFB{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px;padding:16px;border:0;background:none;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-size:1rem}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1wrFB{color:#192646}}.N63iD{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._2k0GN{display:block;width:100%;margin:0;cursor:pointer}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2k0GN{width:auto}}._2k0GN:focus,._2k0GN:hover{color:#fff}._2jz5n,.mEpKg{padding:24px;background:#192646;color:#fff}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2jz5n,.mEpKg{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:40%;margin-left:0;margin-right:0}._2jz5n:after,.mEpKg:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._2jz5n:last-child,.mEpKg:last-child{margin-right:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2jz5n,.mEpKg{padding:48px}}._2jz5n p,.mEpKg p{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem;margin-bottom:20px}.mEpKg{background:#232323}._2WNca{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem;margin:0 40px 28px 0;font-family:PT Serif,system-fonts-secondary,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2WNca{line-height:1.1785714286;font-size:1.75rem;margin:0 0 28px}}._1XKiM{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:1.125rem;margin-bottom:20px;font-weight:700}._3ooKZ{margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:Abril Titling,system-fonts-tertiary,serif;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;line-height:24px}._20YRs{display:block;font-weight:700}._1WGZI,.cANXs,.w9o0H{padding:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1WGZI,.cANXs,.w9o0H{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:60%;margin-left:0;margin-right:0}._1WGZI:after,.cANXs:after,.w9o0H:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._1WGZI:last-child,.cANXs:last-child,.w9o0H:last-child{margin-right:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1WGZI,.cANXs,.w9o0H{padding:48px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1WGZI,.cANXs,.w9o0H{padding:48px 72px}}._1WGZI li,.cANXs li,.w9o0H li{padding:30px 0}._1WGZI li:last-child,.cANXs li:last-child,.w9o0H li:last-child{-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding-bottom:0}.w9o0H li{padding:20px 0}.w9o0H li:last-child{-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}._2ro7-,._3mFMh{line-height:1;font-size:.875rem;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-top:13px;color:#096dd2;font-weight:400}._2ro7-:focus,._2ro7-:hover,._3mFMh:focus,._3mFMh:hover{text-decoration:underline}._2ro7- svg,._3mFMh svg{margin-right:15px}._2ro7- span,._3mFMh span{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._3mFMh{color:#0088a1}._3mFMh:focus,._3mFMh:hover{color:#0088a1;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:underline}._3tgAD{width:100%}._3tgAD a{color:#096dd2}._3tgAD a:focus,._3tgAD a:hover{text-decoration:underline}._25wIM{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}._25wIM ._2k0GN{margin-top:13px}._2E26h{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}._1lySA,._1ZN4c,._2_q_E,._2is4T,._2TDrH,._6E51T,._10JSs,._25wIM,.gYQlU{line-height:1.25;font-size:1rem;border-top:1px solid #d7dbe3;font-weight:700}._1lySA,._1ZN4c,._2_q_E,._2is4T,._2TDrH,._6E51T,._10JSs,.gYQlU{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}._1lySA:before,._1ZN4c:before,._2_q_E:before,._2is4T:before,._2TDrH:before,._6E51T:before,._10JSs:before,.gYQlU:before{min-width:80px;height:65px;margin-right:5%;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;content:""}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1lySA:before,._1ZN4c:before,._2_q_E:before,._2is4T:before,._2TDrH:before,._6E51T:before,._10JSs:before,.gYQlU:before{min-width:125px;margin-right:0}}._2is4T:before{height:80px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2is4T:before{height:95px}}._3girT ._2is4T:before{background-image:url(/assets/25e4a5bd.png)}._3RYn6 ._2is4T:before{background-image:url(/assets/f3100c5d.png)}._3bdn7 ._6E51T:before{width:48px;min-width:48px;height:48px;margin-right:16px;background-image:url(/assets/69c5c775.svg)}._3bdn7 ._2_q_E{border-top:0}._3bdn7 ._2_q_E:before{width:48px;min-width:48px;height:48px;margin-right:16px;background-image:url(/assets/35bddcaa.svg)}._3bdn7 ._10JSs{border-top:0}._3bdn7 ._10JSs:before{width:48px;min-width:48px;height:48px;margin-right:16px;background-image:url(/assets/992b8026.svg)}._1ZN4c:before{background-image:url(/assets/05ea39c1.png)}.gYQlU:before{background-image:url(/assets/bc9db8c4.png)}._2TDrH:before{background-image:url(/assets/57406cda.png)}._1lySA:before{height:60px;background-image:url(/assets/728ab246.png)}._3tpc_{width:120px;height:40px;margin-right:16px;background-image:url(/assets/40db11c8.svg)}._3SV3h{width:135px;height:40px;background-image:url(/assets/588928e2.svg)}._2lciU{z-index:70;line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem;position:fixed;top:32px;right:16px;width:320px;max-width:calc(100% - 32px);padding:12px 16px 12px 40px;background-color:#fff1c7;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 3px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.2),0 6px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 18px rgba(0,0,0,.12);font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;text-align:left}._2lciU._3x1QD{top:16px;opacity:1;pointer-events:auto;transition:all .2s ease-in-out}.idv27{position:absolute;top:16px;left:16px;color:var(--colorWarning)}._760Mo{padding:0;border:none;margin:0;background:none;border-radius:0;color:#096dd2;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;outline:none;outline-offset:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.4545454545;font-size:.6875rem;display:block;margin-top:8px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase}._760Mo:active,._760Mo:focus,._760Mo:hover{text-decoration:underline}._760Mo::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}.QMY9O{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.RbLp5 a{position:fixed;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;clip:rect(0,0,0,0)}.RbLp5 a:focus{z-index:300;top:0;right:0;left:0;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;padding:12px;margin:0;background:#096dd2;clip:auto;color:#fff;text-decoration:underline}._21UZG{position:relative;top:0;left:0;width:100%;background-color:var(--colorBrand)}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){._21UZG{z-index:60}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._21UZG{z-index:50}}._21UZG._1PbrP{z-index:76000}._3EMGl{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3EMGl{display:block}}#content{padding-bottom:16px}@media only print{#content{padding-top:0}}@media only print{._3ic7p{position:relative;display:block;background-color:var(--colorBrand);-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact}._3ic7p a{width:400px;height:40px}}._2L98J{line-height:1;font-size:.8125rem;width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid #454f64;background:var(--colorBrand);color:#fff;letter-spacing:1px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2L98J{min-height:36px}}._3WmU4{border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;background:var(--colorWarmFill)}._3WmU4._36htD,._3WmU4._36htD ._1k8VI{background:#f7f6f5}._3WmU4 ._1k8VI{background:var(--colorWarmFill);color:#000}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2gsJ0{width:auto;max-width:1168px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:1000px;padding:0 20px}._2gsJ0:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}._2gsJ0>ul{display:table;width:100%;min-height:48px;table-layout:fixed}._1x2EA,._3CYE0,.PJUwX{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.PJUwX{display:none}}._1k8VI{line-height:2.4615384615;font-size:.8125rem;height:35px;padding:0 16px;border:0;background:none;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:.5px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1k8VI{height:39px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1k8VI{padding-left:0}}._1x2EA{height:35px;padding:10px 0 9px;text-align:center}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._1x2EA{width:35%;padding-left:16px;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1x2EA{height:39px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1T6Cc{height:5px;border-bottom:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.jxsw5{padding:16px;text-align:left}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.jxsw5{padding-left:0}}._3CYE0{text-align:right}:root{--colorBrand:#0a1633;--colorBrandOffset:#192646;--colorDarkAccent:#454f64;--colorDarkAccent2:#454f64;--colorAuthor:#d7dbe3;--colorExplainer:tomato;--colorOpinion:#f4f5f7;--colorHeaderOffset:#192646;--colorHeaderDescription:#fff;--colorWarmFill:#f7f6f5;--colorAction:#096dd2;--colorActionAlt:#096dd2;--colorActionLight:#4095ec;--colorActionDark:#0053a6;--colorActionDarkest:#004080;--colorActionInverted:#096dd2;--colorActionOnDark:#58b5ff;--colorActionOnDarkHover:#58b5ff;--colorActionOnDarkUnderline:transparent;--colorLink:#096dd2;--colorLinkHover:#096dd2;--textDecorationLink:none;--colorLabel:#0a1633;--colorLabelHighlight:transparent;--colorLabelUrgent:#d9172f;--colorLabelUrgentDark:tomato;--colorLabelUrgentHighlight:transparent;--labelBorderInline:4px solid $colorLightAccent;--labelHeightInline:14px;--labelInsetLivePulse:5px;--labelPadding:0;--labelPaddingLive:15px;--colorButton:#096dd2;--colorButtonInactive:#a6acba;--colorButtonInactiveText:#677085;--colorButtonSecondary:none;--colorButtonSecondaryHover:#d4d4d4;--colorButtonSecondaryText:#3a3a3a;--colorButtonText:#fff;--buttonFontWeight:400;--colorHighlight:#d9172f;--colorNavAction:#58b5ff;--colorLightFill:#f4f5f7;--colorNavSubsectionLinks:#192646;--colorNavSubsectionAction:#096dd2;--colorNavSubsectionLightFill:#f4f5f7;--colorHighlightOffset:tomato;--colorMenuAction:#096dd2;--colorMenuSubscriber1:#751e3a;--colorMenuSubscriber2:#38366a;--colorMenuSubscriber3:#d9172f;--colorMenuSubscriberHighlight:#d9172f;--colorMenuSubscriberBadgeText:#fff;--colorInlineAnchorAction:#096dd2;--colorInlineAnchorActionUnderline:transparent;--colorInlineAnchorBorder:9,109,210;--colorInlineHoverAction:#096dd2;--colorInlineQuote:#d7dbe3;--heightInlineAnchorBorder:1px;--transparencyInlineAnchorBorder:.4;--colorArticleToolHover:#d7dbe3;--colorArticleToolActive:#004080;--colorMostPopularCounter:#454f64;--colorStoryTileHighlight:#096dd2;--textDecorationStoryTile:none;--fontWeightAuthorByline:400;--colorPaywallBackground:#0a1633;--colorPaywallButtonAction:#0053a6;--colorPaywallText:#fff;--colorFooterAction:#454f64;--colorFooterSection:#454f64;--colorSubscriberGlowBottom:10,22,51;--colorSubscriberGlowMid:217,23,47;--colorSubscriberGlowSurround:56,54,106;--colorLiveArticleByLineUnderline:transparent;--colorLiveArticleByLineLink:#096dd2;--colorLiveArticleHeader:#192646;--colorLiveArticleLabel:#d9172f;--colorLiveArticleLatestPostLink:#096dd2;--colorLiveArticlePill:#d9172f;--colorLiveArticlePillText:#fff;--filterLiveArticlePin:none;--fontWeightPostPublishedTime:normal;--colorPagination:#096dd2;--colorPaginationHover:#096dd2;--colorStoryTileHeadlineHover:#096dd2;--colorStoryTileHeadlineHoverUnderline:transparent;--colorSearchChip:#d9edff;--colorSearchChipHover:#096dd2;--colorSearchRadio:auto;--colorSectionHover:#2684ff;--colorOptionHover:#eff5fe;--colorOptionSelected:#f7faff;--colorBorder:#d7dbe3;--colorMarketTabLink:#096dd2;--colorMarketTabHover:#0a1633;--colorCommentsAction:#3a3a3a;--colorCommenterRole:#555;--colorCommenterTag:#9bcfff;--colorCommentsText:#232323;--colorCommentsTimestamp:#767676;--colorWarning:#ff8b00;--colorWarningAlt:#a6acba}.brisbanetimes,:root{--colorPaginationStroke:#fff}.brisbanetimes{--colorBrand:#232323;--colorBrandOffset:#000;--colorDarkAccent:#555;--colorDarkAccent2:#666;--colorAuthor:#69e8ff;--colorExplainer:#69e8ff;--colorOpinion:#faf5e6;--colorHeaderOffset:#232323;--colorHeaderDescriptionDark:#d4d4d4;--colorWarmFill:#f0f0f0;--colorAction:#69e8ff;--colorActionAlt:#232323;--colorActionLight:#1bcded;--colorActionDark:#1bcded;--colorActionDarkest:#1bcded;--colorActionInverted:#767676;--colorActionOnDark:#fff;--colorActionOnDarkHover:#69e8ff;--colorActionOnDarkUnderline:#fff;--colorLink:#232323;--colorLinkHover:#0088a1;--textDecorationLink:underline;--colorLabel:#232323;--colorLabelHighlight:#69e8ff;--colorLabelUrgent:#232323;--colorLabelUrgentDark:#232323;--colorLabelUrgentHighlight:#f4fb55;--labelBorderInline:none;--labelHeightInline:20px;--labelInsetLivePulse:7px auto auto 8px;--labelPadding:2px 8px;--labelPaddingLive:18px;--colorButton:#69e8ff;--colorButtonActive:brightTurquoise;--colorButtonInactive:#d4d4d4;--colorButtonText:#232323;--buttonFontWeight:700;--colorHighlight:#1bcded;--colorNavAction:#69e8ff;--colorLightFill:#232323;--colorNavSubsectionLinks:#fff;--colorNavSubsectionAction:#1bcded;--colorNavSubsectionLightFill:#000;--colorHighlightOffset:#1bcded;--colorMenuAction:#3a3a3a;--colorMenuSubscriber1:#f4fb55;--colorMenuSubscriber2:#555;--colorMenuSubscriber3:#f4fb55;--colorMenuSubscriberHighlight:#555;--colorMenuSubscriberBadgeText:#000;--colorInlineAnchorAction:#000;--colorInlineAnchorActionUnderline:#000;--colorInlineAnchorBorder:0,0,0;--colorInlineHoverAction:#0088a1;--colorInlineQuote:#d4d4d4;--heightInlineAnchorBorder:2px;--transparencyInlineAnchorBorder:10;--colorArticleToolHover:#f0f0f0;--colorArticleToolActive:#0088a1;--colorMostPopularCounter:#1bcded;--colorStoryTileHighlight:initial;--textDecorationStoryTile:underline #1bcded;--fontWeightAuthorByline:700;--colorPaywallBackground:#69e8ff;--colorPaywallButtonAction:#004c5a;--colorPaywallText:#232323;--colorFooterAction:#767676;--colorFooterSection:#3a3a3a;--colorSubscriberGlowBottom:35,35,35;--colorSubscriberGlowMid:35,35,35;--colorSubscriberGlowSurround:35,35,35;--colorLiveArticleByLineUnderline:#232323;--colorLiveArticleByLineLink:#232323;--colorLiveArticleHeader:#232323;--colorLiveArticleLabel:#0088a1;--colorLiveArticleLatestPostLink:#0088a1;--colorLiveArticlePill:#69e8ff;--colorLiveArticlePillText:#232323;--filterLiveArticlePin:hue-rotate(191deg) saturate(2.1);--fontWeightPostPublishedTime:bold;--colorPagination:#232323;--colorPaginationHover:#3a3a3a;--colorStoryTileHeadlineHover:#3a3a3a;--colorStoryTileHeadlineHoverUnderline:#69e8ff;--colorSearchChip:#faf5e6;--colorSearchChipHover:#f4fb55;--colorSearchRadio:#0088a1;--colorSectionHover:#00a6c4;--colorOptionHover:#f0f0f0;--colorOptionSelected:#f7f6f5;--colorBorder:#a5a5a5;--colorMarketTabLink:#555;--colorMarketTabHover:#0088a1;--colorCommenterTag:#69e8ff}._31Bug{height:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._31Bug{height:64px}._31Bug._3f2zH{height:139px}}.h-Jxc{width:100%;background-color:var(--colorBrand)}.h-Jxc:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.h-Jxc{position:absolute}}._12CvO{border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;background-color:var(--colorWarmFill)}._12CvO._2t5o-{background-color:#f7f6f5}._12CvO span:after,._12CvO span:before,._12CvO span em{background:#000}._12CvO ._31TpL{color:#000}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2k79Y{width:auto;max-width:1168px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:1000px;padding:0 20px}._2k79Y:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1b710{padding:20px 0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3jpFi{padding:20px 0 16px}}._1hN2k{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:20%;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding:0}._1hN2k:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1hN2k{width:25%;padding:12px 0 0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3T4hB{padding:12px 0 0 8px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3T4hB{padding-left:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._38MxT{padding:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){.yCFn5{margin-top:31px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.yCFn5{margin-top:27px}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._3kwZP{width:48px}}._2FAuv{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:60%;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center}._2FAuv:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2FAuv{width:50%}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2FAuv.yQMHo{width:35px}}._2FxXH{line-height:1;font-size:.8125rem;border:0;background-color:transparent;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;vertical-align:top}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2FxXH{border:1px solid #555}}._2g2-4{padding:16px;border:transparent;margin:0;border-radius:0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2g2-4{padding:11px 16px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2g2-4{padding-left:0}}._2g2-4 .yHQ5k{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2g2-4 .yHQ5k{margin-left:16px;vertical-align:bottom}}._2Wsmd{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:24px;height:16px;font-size:0;vertical-align:text-bottom}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2Wsmd{width:16px}}._2Wsmd:after,._2Wsmd:before,._2Wsmd em{position:absolute;left:0;display:block;width:100%;height:2px;background:#fff;border-radius:2px;opacity:1;transform:rotate(0deg);transform-origin:left center;transition:transform .25s ease-out}._2Wsmd em{top:0}._2Wsmd:after,._2Wsmd:before{content:""}._2Wsmd:before{top:7px;transition:transform .15s ease,opacity .15s ease-out}._2Wsmd:after{top:14px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){[aria-expanded=true] ._2Wsmd em{width:18px;transform:translate3d(1px,0,0) rotate(45deg)}[aria-expanded=true] ._2Wsmd:before{opacity:0;transform:rotate(-45deg) translate3d(-2px,-4px,0)}[aria-expanded=true] ._2Wsmd:after{width:18px;transform:translate3d(1px,-1px,0) rotate(-45deg)}}._2PMiF{top:-60px;opacity:0;transition:top .4s ease-out}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2PMiF ._3T4hB{padding:13px 0 0}}._2PMiF._1b710{padding:0}._2G56F{position:fixed;top:0;opacity:1}._2G56F .yHQ5k{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}.f9deW{position:absolute;top:48px;width:100%}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.f9deW{top:104px}}._2G56F .f9deW{top:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2G56F .f9deW{top:64px}}._31TpL{stroke-width:1.7142857143;color:#fff}._2mFnf{width:40px;height:38px;border:none;margin-left:4px;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2mFnf{display:none}}._2mFnf.HQ1ay,._2mFnf:hover{background-color:#677085}._1CPQR{background-image:url(/assets/fba2aa93.svg)}._1CPQR,._1CPQR._2aIEz{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:7.3125em;max-width:100%;height:1em;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:middle}._1CPQR._2aIEz{background-image:url(/assets/e317b54a.svg);color:var(--colorAction)}.YClUs{background-image:url(/assets/88485174.svg)}.YClUs,.YClUs._2aIEz{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:9.21875em;max-width:100%;height:1em;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:middle}.YClUs._2aIEz{background-image:url(/assets/31c84a3b.svg)}._28ZlE{background-image:url(/assets/11287448.svg)}._28ZlE,._28ZlE._2aIEz{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:7.75em;max-width:100%;height:1em;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:middle}._28ZlE._2aIEz{background-image:url(/assets/016e299d.svg)}.xY0ge{background-image:url(/assets/35d4a10a.svg)}.xY0ge,.xY0ge._2aIEz{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:4.1875em;max-width:100%;height:1em;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:middle}.xY0ge._2aIEz{background-image:url(/assets/ea0b7ff5.svg)}._2qnYw{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2AynF{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2AynF{float:left}}._1jfAB{float:right}._3uPYr{padding:12px 0 10px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3uPYr{padding:18px 0 16px 8px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3uPYr{padding-left:0}}._2ABN-{font-size:1.625rem;display:block;margin:0 auto}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2ABN-{font-size:1.875rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._82md6{height:32px;padding:8px 0;float:left}._82md6 ._1CPQR{background-image:url(/assets/45916705.svg);background-size:contain;background-size:initial}._82md6 ._1CPQR,._82md6 ._1CPQR._2aIEz{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:1.5em;max-width:100%;height:1em;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:middle}._82md6 ._1CPQR._2aIEz{background-image:url(/assets/a980c469.svg);background-size:contain}._82md6 .YClUs{background-image:url(/assets/04164fa1.svg)}._82md6 .YClUs,._82md6 .YClUs._2aIEz{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:1.5em;max-width:100%;height:1em;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:middle}._82md6 .YClUs._2aIEz{background-image:url(/assets/2e098f3a.svg)}._82md6 ._28ZlE{background-image:url(/assets/16e32bf2.svg)}._82md6 ._28ZlE,._82md6 ._28ZlE._2aIEz{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:1.5em;max-width:100%;height:1em;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:middle}._82md6 ._28ZlE._2aIEz{background-image:url(/assets/54744e9d.svg)}._82md6 .xY0ge{background-image:url(/assets/0bdb2bfb.svg)}._82md6 .xY0ge,._82md6 .xY0ge._2aIEz{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:1.5em;max-width:100%;height:1em;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:middle}._82md6 .xY0ge._2aIEz{background-image:url(/assets/0e4ab3d9.svg)}._82md6 ._2ABN-{font-size:2rem;border-left:1px solid #454f64}._82md6 ._2ABN-._2aIEz{border-left:1px solid #d7dbe3}}#homepage-header-subscribe-button-piano-id{max-width:200px;max-height:32px}#homepage-header-subscribe-button-piano-id .tp-container-inner.no-width{width:100%!important;max-width:200px}#homepage-header-subscribe-button-piano-id .tp-container-inner.no-width iframe{width:auto!important;max-width:200px}._33it7,.gLolC{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:20%;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;position:relative;padding:8px 12px;float:right;text-align:right}._33it7:after,.gLolC:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._33it7,.gLolC{width:25%;padding:16px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._33it7,.gLolC{width:25%;padding-right:0}}._33it7._37_DQ,.gLolC._37_DQ{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:74%;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:end}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._33it7._37_DQ,.gLolC._37_DQ{width:25%}}._1rLVC .WvV_s{padding:9px 16px 8px;border:1px solid #d7dbe3;background-color:transparent;color:#000;font-weight:700}._1rLVC .WvV_s:active,._1rLVC .WvV_s:focus,._1rLVC .WvV_s:hover{color:#fff}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._19XM-{padding-bottom:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3u7gd{margin-top:18px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3u7gd{margin-top:27px}}._1GI7o{line-height:1;font-size:.8125rem;background-color:transparent;border-radius:4px;color:var(--colorButtonText);cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;vertical-align:top}._23XCI{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:auto;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._37_DQ ._23XCI{width:100%;padding:0}._37_DQ ._23XCI:after{position:absolute;top:11px;right:0;bottom:11px;border-right:1px solid #454f64;content:""}._2fVGr ._23XCI{display:none}}.WvV_s{display:inline-block;padding:10px 16px 9px;background-color:var(--colorAction);font-weight:var(--buttonFontWeight)}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2fVGr .WvV_s{display:none}}.WvV_s:focus,.WvV_s:hover{background-color:var(--colorActionLight);color:var(--colorButtonText)}.WvV_s:active{background-color:var(--colorActionDark)}.WvV_s+button{margin-top:0}._2qh-i{padding:0;border:none;margin:0;background:none;border-radius:0;color:#096dd2;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;outline:none;outline-offset:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;display:inline-block;padding:8px 0;margin-left:16px;color:#fff}._2qh-i:active,._2qh-i:focus,._2qh-i:hover{text-decoration:underline}._2qh-i::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}._2qh-i:active,._2qh-i:focus,._2qh-i:hover{color:#fff}._3-9zZ{z-index:1;position:relative;clear:both;font-size:0;text-align:center}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._3-9zZ{display:none}}._3-9zZ li{display:inline}._3-9zZ:before{display:inline-block;width:480px;height:1px;margin:8px 0 13px;background-image:linear-gradient(270deg,var(--colorBrand),var(--colorDarkAccent2) 50%,var(--colorBrand));content:""}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3-9zZ:before{margin:0 0 12px}}._3XWH4{line-height:1;font-size:.75rem;margin:0 10px;color:#d7dbe3;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3XWH4{line-height:1;font-size:.8125rem;margin:0 12px}}._3XWH4:focus,._3XWH4:hover{color:#fff}._3-wH3{z-index:60;position:absolute;top:auto;left:0;width:100%;height:100vh;background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8)}._3-wH3._2RGwl{top:132px}._3-wH3._119YB{position:fixed}._3-wH3._119YB._1D8-u,._3-wH3._119YB.HwKJ_{top:0}._3-wH3._119YB._2RGwl{top:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3-wH3{position:absolute;top:auto}._3-wH3._2RGwl{top:200px}._3-wH3._119YB{position:fixed}._3-wH3._119YB._1D8-u{top:64px}._3-wH3._119YB.HwKJ_{top:0}._3-wH3._119YB._2RGwl{top:64px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3-wH3{position:absolute;top:auto}._3-wH3._2RGwl{top:224px}._3-wH3._119YB{position:fixed}._3-wH3._119YB._1D8-u{top:64px}._3-wH3._119YB.HwKJ_{top:0}._3-wH3._119YB._2RGwl{top:64px}}.kjHvi{z-index:60;width:100%}._7XZOU{border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;background-color:#fff}._2KUkg{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;max-width:1168px;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding:0 20px;margin:auto}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2KUkg{padding:0 16px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._2KUkg{max-width:808px}}._3pIna{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:42px auto}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3pIna{margin:64px auto}}._27BG8{line-height:1.4545454545;font-size:1.375rem;width:100%;border:none;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,system-fonts-secondary,serif;letter-spacing:-.5px;outline:none}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._27BG8{line-height:1.4285714286;font-size:1.75rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._27BG8{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:3rem}}._27BG8:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#a6acba;font-style:italic}._27BG8::placeholder{color:#a6acba;font-style:italic}._1L_lh{position:relative;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}._1L_lh._35AUW:after{position:absolute;top:0;left:50%;width:1px;height:40px;background-color:#d7dbe3;content:""}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1L_lh._35AUW:after{height:56px}}._1L_lh>button{padding:0;border:none;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer}._1L_lh>button:hover{background-color:#f4f5f7}._1L_lh>button>svg{stroke-width:1.5;width:40px;height:auto;padding:8px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1L_lh>button>svg{stroke-width:.9;padding:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1L_lh>button>svg{stroke-width:.75;width:56px;padding:4px}}._31IMG._31IMG{margin-right:8px;color:#232323}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._31IMG._31IMG{margin-right:16px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._31IMG._31IMG{margin-right:12px}}.Gru4Y.Gru4Y{margin-left:8px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.Gru4Y.Gru4Y{margin-left:16px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.Gru4Y.Gru4Y{margin-left:12px}}._2R2nV{fill:transparent}._2R2nV,.Q4f1t{color:var(--colorBrand)}._1U8oj{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-bottom:18px;gap:6px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1U8oj{padding-bottom:24px}}._1U8oj>input{width:18px;height:18px}._3M2-5{overflow:hidden}._2yAUQ{z-index:60;position:fixed;top:84px;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid var(--colorBrandOffset);-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden;background-color:var(--colorBrandOffset);opacity:0;overflow-x:hidden;transform:translateX(-100%);transform-style:preserve-3d;transition:visibility 0s,opacity .1s linear,transform .3s ease-in-out;visibility:hidden;will-change:transform}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2yAUQ{top:0;max-width:320px;height:100%}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2yAUQ.peB2x{top:48px}}._2yAUQ._2ZY8V{box-shadow:2px 2px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5);opacity:1;transform:translateX(0);visibility:visible}._2fq7t a,._2PKwb a{line-height:1.4;font-size:.9375rem;position:relative;display:block;padding:5px 0 6px 24px;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.4px}._2fq7t a:focus,._2fq7t a:hover,._2PKwb a:focus,._2PKwb a:hover{color:var(--colorNavAction)}._2fq7t{display:table;padding:8px 24px 0;margin-bottom:-1px;table-layout:auto}._2fq7t li{position:relative;display:table-cell}._2fq7t li.rGXdz a{border-bottom:2px solid #fff;color:#fff}._2fq7t li:first-of-type a{margin-right:30px}._2fq7t a{line-height:2.9090909091;font-size:.6875rem;padding:0;border-style:none;background-color:var(--colorBrandOffset);color:var(--colorNavAction);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase}.RTABy{padding:20px 0;border-top:1px solid #454f64}._2PKwb{display:none}._2PKwb.rGXdz{display:block}._2dmHA{position:relative;width:16px;height:16px;padding:16px;border:none;margin:8px;background:none;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-size:0}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2dmHA{display:none}}._2dmHA:after,._2dmHA:before{position:absolute;top:50%;left:25%;display:block;width:100%;max-width:16px;height:2px;background:#fff;content:""}._2dmHA:after{transform:rotate(135deg)}._2dmHA:before{transform:rotate(-135deg)}._3b67L{position:relative;margin:8px}._3b67L label{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._2q19s{width:100%;height:40px;padding:10px 40px 10px 15px;border:0;background-color:#f4f5f7;border-radius:2px;color:var(--colorBrand);cursor:text;font-size:1rem}.JaNbC{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:1em;height:1em;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:100% auto;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;top:50%;right:12px;padding:0;border:0;margin-top:-9px;background-color:transparent;background-image:url(/assets/6d38224f.svg);cursor:pointer;font-size:1.125rem}._22TcS a{color:var(--colorHighlightOffset)}._3kQ2X{position:relative}._3kQ2X button{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:100%;max-height:32px;padding:10px 20px;border-style:none;margin:0;background-color:var(--colorBrandOffset);border-radius:0;color:#fff;cursor:pointer}._3kQ2X button ._1KXcO{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._3kQ2X button ._35a30{display:block;height:11px;transition:transform .3s ease-in 0s}._3kQ2X button ._35a30 svg{vertical-align:top}._3kQ2X button:focus,._3kQ2X button:hover{color:#58b5ff}._3kQ2X button._3XJtp{background-color:var(--colorNavSubsectionLightFill);color:var(--colorNavSubsectionAction)}._3kQ2X button._3XJtp ._35a30{transform:rotate(-180deg)}._3Nydp{overflow:hidden;max-height:0;background-color:var(--colorLightFill);opacity:0;overflow-scrolling:touch;transition:all .3s ease-in;visibility:hidden}._3Nydp ._22TcS a,._3Nydp ._22TcS a:visited{color:var(--colorHighlight)}._3Nydp._3XJtp{max-height:600px;padding:8px 0;opacity:1;transition:all .3s ease-in}._3Nydp._3XJtp a{color:var(--colorNavSubsectionLinks)}._3Nydp._3XJtp a:focus,._3Nydp._3XJtp a:hover{color:var(--colorNavSubsectionAction)}._3Nydp._3XJtp.RJWOk{visibility:visible}.Uffnp{position:relative}.Uffnp:before{display:block;border-top:1px solid #454f64;margin:16px 24px 8px;content:""}.Uffnp h4{line-height:1.2727272727;font-size:.6875rem;padding-left:24px;margin-bottom:12px;color:#fff;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase}.Uffnp svg{margin-right:12px}._375G7 a{line-height:1.6;font-size:.9375rem}._375G7 svg{position:relative;top:-2px}._252xb._252xb{line-height:1.2727272727;font-size:.6875rem;position:absolute;top:8px;right:24px;padding:8px;letter-spacing:1px}._252xb._252xb:focus,._252xb._252xb:hover{color:#fff}.OK924{width:auto;max-width:624px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:320px}@media only print{.OK924{max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content}}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:808px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:736px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:1168px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:1000px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}._2TEVJ{padding:0 20px}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){._2TEVJ .adWrapper{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}._2eeHA{padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2eeHA{padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:64px}}._1npeq a{color:var(--colorLink);text-decoration:var(--textDecorationLink)}._1npeq a:hover{color:var(--colorLinkHover);text-decoration:underline}._1npeq em{font-style:italic}._3_hLE{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;padding:12px;border:0;border-radius:4px;letter-spacing:1px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;transition:all .1s}._17BTN{background:var(--colorAction);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}._17BTN._17BTN,._17BTN._17BTN:active,._17BTN._17BTN:hover,._17BTN._17BTN:visited,._17BTN:active,._17BTN:hover,._17BTN:visited{color:var(--colorButtonText);text-decoration:none}._17BTN:focus,._17BTN:hover{background:var(--colorActionDark)}._17BTN:active{background:var(--colorActionDarkest)}._1Zci0{border:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.25);background:transparent;color:#fff}@media not all and (min-resolution:0.001dpcm){@supports(-webkit-appearance:none){._1Zci0{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}}}._1Zci0:focus,._1Zci0:hover{border-color:#096dd2;background:#096dd2;color:#fff}._1Zci0:active{border-color:#004080;background:#004080;color:#fff}._17muu{border:none;background:none;border-radius:0}._1AsGk{margin-bottom:16px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:28px;line-height:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1AsGk{margin-bottom:24px;font-size:48px;line-height:56px}}._21ebA{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._21ebA{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem}}._2LDXj{margin-top:32px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:24px}._2LDXj,.KpWOE{margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand)}.KpWOE{line-height:1.6470588235;font-size:1.0625rem;padding:8px 0;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-top:24px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KpWOE{line-height:1.4;font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:3px}}.cMu-d{margin-bottom:32px}.cMu-d:after,.cMu-d:before{display:table;content:""}.cMu-d:after{clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._32Pk2{display:block;clear:both;float:none;width:100%;margin-right:auto}._32Pk2,._32Pk2:first-child{margin-left:auto}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._32Pk2{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:65.9166666667%;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.25%}._32Pk2:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:0}}.AkZ3C{min-height:135px;margin-bottom:20px}.oKsgR{padding-top:24px;border-top:3px solid #d7dbe3}.oKsgR a{word-break:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.oKsgR strong{font-weight:700}.oKsgR em{font-style:italic}.oKsgR p{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR p{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}.oKsgR h2,.oKsgR h3{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem;margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}.oKsgR li{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR li{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}._3mNPm{counter-reset:b}._3mNPm li{margin-left:25px}._3mNPm>li:before{content:counters(b,".") ". ";counter-increment:b}._3gnhE{margin-top:16px;margin-left:25px;list-style:disc}._2N9eJ{line-height:1.125;font-size:1rem;width:100%;height:40px;padding:12px;border:1px solid #a6acba;border-radius:4px}._3zoNz{background-color:var(--colorAction)}._3zoNz:focus,._3zoNz:hover{background-color:var(--colorActionLight)}._3zoNz:active{background-color:var(--colorActionDark)}._1Amud._1Amud{color:var(--colorMenuSubscriberBadgeText)}._2fv33 li._1IQO_{padding:5px 0 6px 24px;color:#fff}._32aAr:not(:last-child):after{display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #454f64;margin:8px 24px;content:""}._3zMrp{z-index:70;position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}._2zP2_{-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px)}._1Jq9J{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;overflow-y:auto}._22TT7{overflow:hidden;height:auto;padding:48px;border-radius:8px;text-align:center}._22TT7._22TT7{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:calc(100% - 48px);height:auto;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 0 16px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.3)}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._22TT7._22TT7{width:420px}}._22WXn{line-height:1.2666666667;font-size:.9375rem;margin-bottom:24px}._1P_6W{line-height:1.1111111111;font-size:1.125rem;width:100%;margin-bottom:12px;font-weight:700}._2Wp3l{position:relative;height:20px}._2uFXy{line-height:1;font-size:.8125rem;width:100%;padding:16px 0 15px;border:0;background:#096dd2;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.5px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase}._2uFXy:focus,._2uFXy:hover{background:#0053a6}.OK924{width:auto;max-width:624px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:320px}@media only print{.OK924{max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content}}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:808px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:736px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:1168px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:1000px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}._2TEVJ{padding:0 20px}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){._2TEVJ .adWrapper{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}._2eeHA{padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2eeHA{padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:64px}}._1npeq a{color:var(--colorLink);text-decoration:var(--textDecorationLink)}._1npeq a:hover{color:var(--colorLinkHover);text-decoration:underline}._1npeq em{font-style:italic}._3_hLE{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;padding:12px;border:0;border-radius:4px;letter-spacing:1px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;transition:all .1s}._17BTN{background:var(--colorAction);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}._17BTN._17BTN,._17BTN._17BTN:active,._17BTN._17BTN:hover,._17BTN._17BTN:visited,._17BTN:active,._17BTN:hover,._17BTN:visited{color:var(--colorButtonText);text-decoration:none}._17BTN:focus,._17BTN:hover{background:var(--colorActionDark)}._17BTN:active{background:var(--colorActionDarkest)}._1Zci0{border:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.25);background:transparent;color:#fff}@media not all and (min-resolution:0.001dpcm){@supports(-webkit-appearance:none){._1Zci0{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}}}._1Zci0:focus,._1Zci0:hover{border-color:#096dd2;background:#096dd2;color:#fff}._1Zci0:active{border-color:#004080;background:#004080;color:#fff}._17muu{border:none;background:none;border-radius:0}._1AsGk{margin-bottom:16px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:28px;line-height:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1AsGk{margin-bottom:24px;font-size:48px;line-height:56px}}._21ebA{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._21ebA{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem}}._2LDXj{margin-top:32px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:24px}._2LDXj,.KpWOE{margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand)}.KpWOE{line-height:1.6470588235;font-size:1.0625rem;padding:8px 0;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-top:24px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KpWOE{line-height:1.4;font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:3px}}.cMu-d{margin-bottom:32px}.cMu-d:after,.cMu-d:before{display:table;content:""}.cMu-d:after{clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._32Pk2{display:block;clear:both;float:none;width:100%;margin-right:auto}._32Pk2,._32Pk2:first-child{margin-left:auto}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._32Pk2{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:65.9166666667%;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.25%}._32Pk2:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:0}}.AkZ3C{min-height:135px;margin-bottom:20px}.oKsgR{padding-top:24px;border-top:3px solid #d7dbe3}.oKsgR a{word-break:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.oKsgR strong{font-weight:700}.oKsgR em{font-style:italic}.oKsgR p{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR p{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}.oKsgR h2,.oKsgR h3{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem;margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}.oKsgR li{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR li{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}._3mNPm{counter-reset:b}._3mNPm li{margin-left:25px}._3mNPm>li:before{content:counters(b,".") ". ";counter-increment:b}._3gnhE{margin-top:16px;margin-left:25px;list-style:disc}._2N9eJ{line-height:1.125;font-size:1rem;width:100%;height:40px;padding:12px;border:1px solid #a6acba;border-radius:4px}._1-N-m{margin-bottom:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1-N-m{margin-bottom:56px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2GpEY>section{width:82.9833333333%;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}}._31DCp{padding:12px 20px;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin:0 -20px;color:var(--colorBrand)}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._31DCp{padding:12px 0;margin:0 0 8px}}._31DCp h2{font-size:1.0625rem;display:inline;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._31DCp h2{font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:3px}}._5OQo8{position:relative;bottom:16px;width:80px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._5OQo8{position:absolute;bottom:48px;left:20px;width:98px}}._6ENRg{padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid #d7dbe3;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._6ENRg>div{padding-bottom:8px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._6ENRg{padding-top:32px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._6ENRg{width:calc(100% + 40px);margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._6ENRg._6ENRg>div{width:calc(100% + 40px);margin-right:-20px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:-20px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._6ENRg._6ENRg>div{width:100%;margin-right:0;margin-left:0}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._1FWDp figure{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}._1FWDp._1FWDp{margin-bottom:24px}._3nakJ{margin:24px 0;text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3nakJ{margin:32px 0}}._3nakJ p{margin-bottom:10px;font-weight:700}._3zMrp{z-index:70;position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}._2zP2_{-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px)}._1Jq9J{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;overflow-y:auto}._2yRSr:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2yRSr:before{position:absolute;right:0;left:0;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);content:""}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2yRSr{border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand)}}._3YQoD{border-color:#0ea800}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._3YQoD:before{border-color:#0ea800}}._2aPYn{border-top:none}._1ki1P{width:300px;float:left}@media only print{._1ki1P{width:100%;margin-bottom:24px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){._1ki1P{display:block;clear:both;float:none;width:100%;margin-right:auto;margin-bottom:24px}._1ki1P,._1ki1P:first-child{margin-left:auto}._1ki1P:last-child{margin-right:auto}}._1ki1P:empty{margin-bottom:0}._1ysFk{line-height:1.6470588235;font-size:1.0625rem;width:100%;margin-bottom:24px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:PT Serif,system-fonts-secondary,serif}@media only print{._1ysFk{color:#232323}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1ysFk{width:calc(100% - 340px);margin-right:0;float:right}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1ysFk{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem;position:relative;margin-bottom:40px}}._2q-Vk:last-child>:last-child,._2q-Vk:last-child>:last-child>iframe{margin-bottom:0}.vPaWe{clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.vPaWe{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.vPaWe ._1ysFk{margin-bottom:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.vPaWe ._1ysFk{-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;margin-left:40px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.vPaWe ._1ki1P{-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.vPaWe ._1ki1P,.vPaWe ._2MFEO{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.vPaWe ._2MFEO{overflow:hidden;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.vPaWe ._1R0g5{-ms-flex:1;flex:1;margin-bottom:40px}.vPaWe ._1R0g5 .adWrapper{margin-bottom:0}.vPaWe ._1R0g5 .ad{min-height:250px}}.vPaWe ._3Cxsr{clear:both}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.vPaWe ._3Cxsr{padding-top:6px;border-top:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-top:24px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){.vPaWe ._3Cxsr{padding-top:24px}}.vPaWe ._3Cxsr .ad{min-height:250px}._1FVfK{clear:both}._1FVfK .adWrapper{padding:12px 0 24px;border:1px solid #d7dbe3;border-width:1px 0;margin-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){._1FVfK .adWrapper{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1FVfK .adWrapper{padding:24px 0;margin-bottom:32px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1FVfK .adWrapper{margin-bottom:40px}}._1FVfK .adWrapper small{bottom:8px}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){._1lC_G{clear:both}._1lC_G .adWrapper{padding:12px 0 24px;border:1px solid #d7dbe3;border-width:1px 0;margin:0 -20px 16px}._1lC_G .adWrapper small{bottom:8px}}._2iGMx._2iGMx{z-index:30}._1-uzy{width:100%;margin-bottom:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._1-uzy{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:48.5%;margin-left:0;margin-right:3%}._1-uzy:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._1-uzy:last-child{margin-right:0}}._22Idm{padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid #d7dbe3;clear:both}._16lwx._16lwx{padding-top:16px;padding-bottom:24px;border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._16lwx._16lwx{padding-top:24px;padding-bottom:32px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){.KNwOD ._1lC_G{width:calc(99.9% * 12/10 - -6.399999999999999px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * -1/10 - 35.2px + 32px)!important}.KNwOD ._1lC_G:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._1lC_G:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._1lC_G:nth-child(0n){float:right}.KNwOD ._1lC_G>div{margin-right:-24px;margin-left:-24px}.KNwOD ._1lC_G+._2q-Vk{clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){.KNwOD ._1FVfK>div{margin-right:-24px;margin-left:-24px}}.KNwOD ._1Rw6X{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._1Rw6X{-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse}}.KNwOD ._2GZaf{width:100%}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){.KNwOD ._2GZaf{width:calc(99.9% * 10/12 - 5.333333333333332px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * 0.083333333333333 - 29.333333333333343px + 32px)!important}.KNwOD ._2GZaf:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._2GZaf:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._2GZaf:nth-child(1n){margin-right:0;float:right}.KNwOD ._2GZaf:nth-child(1n+1){clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._2GZaf{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:calc(99.9% * 4/12 - 21.333333333333336px)}.KNwOD ._2GZaf:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._2GZaf:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._2GZaf:nth-child(1n){margin-right:0;float:right}.KNwOD ._2GZaf:nth-child(1n+1){clear:both}.KNwOD ._2GZaf>*{width:300px;margin-left:auto}}.KNwOD ._3sCHz{padding-bottom:224px}@media only print{.KNwOD ._3sCHz{top:auto;padding-bottom:0}}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.KNwOD ._3sCHz{display:none}}.KNwOD ._3sCHz:first-child{margin-top:224px}@media only print{.KNwOD ._3sCHz:first-child{margin-top:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KNwOD ._1ysFk{width:calc(99.9% * 10/12 - 5.333333333333332px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * 0.083333333333333 - 29.333333333333343px + 32px)!important}.KNwOD ._1ysFk:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._1ysFk:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._1ysFk:nth-child(12n){margin-right:0;float:right}.KNwOD ._1ysFk:nth-child(12n+1){clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._1ysFk{-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;width:calc(99.9% * 7/12 - 13.333333333333332px)}.KNwOD ._1ysFk:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._1ysFk:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._1ysFk:nth-child(12n){margin-right:0;float:right}.KNwOD ._1ysFk:nth-child(12n+1){clear:both}.KNwOD ._1ysFk._1ysFk{margin-right:32px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._1ki1P{-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;width:calc(99.9% * 4/12 - 21.333333333333336px)}.KNwOD ._1ki1P:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._1ki1P:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._1ki1P:nth-child(12n){margin-right:0;float:right}.KNwOD ._1ki1P:nth-child(12n+1){clear:both}}.KNwOD ._2MFEO{width:300px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._2MFEO{float:right}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KNwOD ._2cBGs,.KNwOD ._2spQv,.KNwOD ._3xMIO,.KNwOD ._6jG8W,.KNwOD .CBSIP,.KNwOD .HLj_F,.KNwOD .rZpFN{width:calc(99.9% * 12/10 - -6.399999999999999px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * -1/10 - 35.2px + 32px)!important}.KNwOD ._2cBGs:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._2spQv:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._3xMIO:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._6jG8W:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD .CBSIP:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD .HLj_F:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD .rZpFN:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._2cBGs:last-child,.KNwOD ._2spQv:last-child,.KNwOD ._3xMIO:last-child,.KNwOD ._6jG8W:last-child,.KNwOD .CBSIP:last-child,.KNwOD .HLj_F:last-child,.KNwOD .rZpFN:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._2cBGs:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD ._2spQv:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD ._3xMIO:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD ._6jG8W:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD .CBSIP:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD .HLj_F:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD .rZpFN:nth-child(0n){float:right}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._2cBGs,.KNwOD ._2spQv,.KNwOD ._3xMIO,.KNwOD ._6jG8W,.KNwOD .CBSIP,.KNwOD .HLj_F,.KNwOD .rZpFN{width:calc(99.9% * 8/7 - -4.571428571428569px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * -1/7 - 36.57142857142857px + 32px)!important}.KNwOD ._2cBGs:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._2spQv:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._3xMIO:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._6jG8W:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD .CBSIP:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD .HLj_F:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD .rZpFN:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._2cBGs:last-child,.KNwOD ._2spQv:last-child,.KNwOD ._3xMIO:last-child,.KNwOD ._6jG8W:last-child,.KNwOD .CBSIP:last-child,.KNwOD .HLj_F:last-child,.KNwOD .rZpFN:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._2cBGs:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD ._2spQv:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD ._3xMIO:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD ._6jG8W:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD .CBSIP:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD .HLj_F:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD .rZpFN:nth-child(0n){float:right}}.KNwOD ._6jG8W:after,.KNwOD ._6jG8W:before{content:"";display:table}.KNwOD ._6jG8W:after{clear:both}.KNwOD .CBSIP :last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._2iOEC{margin-bottom:16px}.KNwOD ._2iOEC:after{content:none}}@media only print{.KNwOD .HLj_F{display:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KNwOD ._2XZQH._4vIBa,.KNwOD ._2XZQH.RMwbY{width:calc(99.9% * 12/10 - -6.399999999999999px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * -1/10 - 35.2px + 32px)!important}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._4vIBa:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._2XZQH.RMwbY:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._4vIBa:last-child,.KNwOD ._2XZQH.RMwbY:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._4vIBa:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD ._2XZQH.RMwbY:nth-child(0n){float:right}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._2XZQH._4vIBa,.KNwOD ._2XZQH.RMwbY{width:calc(99.9% * 8/7 - -4.571428571428569px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * -1/7 - 36.57142857142857px + 32px)!important}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._4vIBa:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._2XZQH.RMwbY:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._4vIBa:last-child,.KNwOD ._2XZQH.RMwbY:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._4vIBa:nth-child(0n),.KNwOD ._2XZQH.RMwbY:nth-child(0n){float:right}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KNwOD ._2XZQH._1oYW5,.KNwOD ._2XZQH.VXpYY{width:calc(99.9% * 5/10 - 16px)}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._1oYW5:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._2XZQH.VXpYY:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._1oYW5:last-child,.KNwOD ._2XZQH.VXpYY:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._1oYW5:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._2XZQH.VXpYY:nth-child(1n){margin-right:0;float:right}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._1oYW5:nth-child(1n+1),.KNwOD ._2XZQH.VXpYY:nth-child(1n+1){clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._2XZQH._1oYW5,.KNwOD ._2XZQH.VXpYY{width:calc(99.9% * 3/7 - 18.285714285714285px)}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._1oYW5:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._2XZQH.VXpYY:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._1oYW5:last-child,.KNwOD ._2XZQH.VXpYY:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._1oYW5:nth-child(1n),.KNwOD ._2XZQH.VXpYY:nth-child(1n){margin-right:0;float:right}.KNwOD ._2XZQH._1oYW5:nth-child(1n+1),.KNwOD ._2XZQH.VXpYY:nth-child(1n+1){clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KNwOD ._3by58{width:calc(99.9% * 5/10 - 16px)}.KNwOD ._3by58:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._3by58:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._3by58:nth-child(1n){margin-right:0;float:right}.KNwOD ._3by58:nth-child(1n+1){clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._3by58{width:calc(99.9% * 3/7 - 18.285714285714285px)}.KNwOD ._3by58:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._3by58:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._3by58:nth-child(1n){margin-right:0;float:right}.KNwOD ._3by58:nth-child(1n+1){clear:both}}.KNwOD ._32sSk{width:calc(100% + 40px);padding:0;border:none;margin:0 -20px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KNwOD ._32sSk{margin:0 0 24px;width:calc(99.9% * 12/10 - -6.399999999999999px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * -1/10 - 35.2px + 32px)!important}.KNwOD ._32sSk:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._32sSk:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._32sSk:nth-child(0n){float:right}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._32sSk{width:calc(99.9% * 8/7 - -4.571428571428569px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * -1/7 - 36.57142857142857px + 32px)!important}.KNwOD ._32sSk:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.KNwOD ._32sSk:last-child{margin-right:0}.KNwOD ._32sSk:nth-child(0n){float:right}}.KNwOD ._32sSk:before{display:none}.KNwOD .vPaWe ._1ysFk{-ms-flex-order:0;order:0}.KNwOD .vPaWe ._2MFEO{-ms-flex:none;flex:none}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.KNwOD ._2GZaf[hidden]+._1ysFk{margin-right:auto}}._1vwTE{display:block;padding-top:4px}.YmeiI{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;display:block;padding:6px 12px 4px;margin-top:20px;background-color:#f0f0f0;border-radius:36px;color:#000;cursor:pointer;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}.YmeiI svg{position:relative;top:-2px;padding:3px;margin-right:4px;background-color:#2f818e;border-radius:50%;color:#fff}._2wfZ2{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem;width:311px;height:auto;padding:24px 24px 25px;background-color:#fff;border-radius:4px;color:#000;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2wfZ2{top:50%;right:auto;bottom:auto;left:50%;width:400px;height:auto;max-height:95%;padding:40px}}._1TLlT{position:relative}._3eiHb{position:absolute;top:-2px;right:-2px;cursor:pointer}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3eiHb{top:-18px;right:-22px}}._3eiHb span{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._3cumF{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:1.125rem;margin-bottom:18px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}.W7iBu{padding:20px 16px;border:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-right:2px;margin-bottom:40px;box-shadow:2px 2px 0 rgba(166,172,186,.2)}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){.W7iBu{width:calc(99.9% * 12/10 - -6.399999999999999px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * -1/10 - 35.2px + 32px)!important}.W7iBu:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}.W7iBu:last-child{margin-right:0}.W7iBu:nth-child(0n){float:right}}.W7iBu h1{margin-bottom:8px;font-weight:700}._1LZU8{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;margin-bottom:12px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-weight:600}._28hzn ._1-WqX._1-WqX{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,system-fonts-tertiary,serif}._28hzn ._1-WqX._1-WqX a{color:var(--colorBrand)}._28hzn p{line-height:1.5;font-size:1rem;margin-top:8px;color:#555}._1jpkW{display:none}.DLIUE{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin-top:4px;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}.DLIUE ._3BE9u{margin-top:0}.DLIUE ._3BE9u span{font-style:normal}.AEA-O,.DLIUE ._3BE9u span{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem}.AEA-O{color:#096dd2}._3DvAw{padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3DvAw iframe{min-height:112px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._3DvAw{width:calc(99.9% * 12/10 - -6.399999999999999px);margin-left:calc(99.9% * -1/10 - 35.2px + 32px)!important}._3DvAw:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}._3DvAw:last-child{margin-right:0}._3DvAw:nth-child(0n){float:right}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3DvAw{padding-top:0;border:0;margin-bottom:48px}}._3DvAw h3{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){._3DvAw ._2lnjx{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._3DvAw ._2lnjx{width:calc(99.9% * 1/2 - 16px)}._3DvAw ._2lnjx:nth-child(1n){float:left;margin-right:32px;clear:none}._3DvAw ._2lnjx:last-child{margin-right:0}._3DvAw ._2lnjx:nth-child(0n){float:right}}._3DvAw ._2Tsxq{padding-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._3DvAw ._2Tsxq{padding-bottom:0}}._3DvAw ._1GUN5{padding-top:14px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._3DvAw ._1GUN5{padding-top:0}}._3DvAw ._1GUN5:last-child{border-top:1px solid #d7dbe3}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._3DvAw ._1GUN5:last-child{border:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2ILyC iframe{min-height:96px}}._2ILyC ._2Tsxq{padding-bottom:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._2ILyC ._2Tsxq{padding-top:0}}._2ILyC ._1GUN5{padding-top:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._2ILyC ._1GUN5{padding-top:0}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2KSwt{min-height:50px;padding-top:8px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2KSwt{min-height:90px;padding-top:4px}}._34z61{position:relative;width:100%;margin-top:8px;background:#fff;opacity:1;text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._34z61{height:146px;padding:16px 0 0}._34z61 .adWrapper{min-height:90px;margin-bottom:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._34z61{height:310px}._34z61 .adWrapper{min-height:250px}._34z61._3XmI-{height:150px}._34z61._3XmI- .adWrapper{min-height:90px}}._34z61 .adWrapper{min-height:58px;margin-bottom:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._3XmI-{z-index:30}}._74KGz._2BW6y,._74KGz._3XmI-{z-index:50;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;max-height:80px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-top:0;background:#fff}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._74KGz._2BW6y,._74KGz._3XmI-{max-height:134px}}._74KGz._2BW6y+*,._74KGz._3XmI-+*{margin-top:90px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._74KGz._2BW6y+*,._74KGz._3XmI-+*{margin-top:162px}}._74KGz._2BW6y{max-height:stickyHeightBillboard}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._74KGz._2BW6y{max-height:290px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._74KGz._2BW6y+*{margin-top:318px}}._1jvaD._1jvaD{margin-top:-134px;opacity:0;transition:all .5s ease-in}._2_iYy{overflow:hidden}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2_iYy{position:fixed;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;margin-top:0}._2_iYy._3XmI-{border-top:1px solid #a6acba}._2_iYy._74KGz{top:inherit;min-height:83px;max-height:none;border-bottom:0}._2_iYy._74KGz+*{margin-top:0}._2_iYy._1jvaD{bottom:-100%;margin-top:inherit;opacity:1;transition:all 1s ease-in-out}}._2UMq-{z-index:0;position:relative;min-height:50px;box-sizing:content-box;margin-bottom:32px;background:#fff;clear:both;line-height:1.2;text-align:center}._2UMq-:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2UMq-{min-height:90px;margin-bottom:36px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2UMq-{margin-bottom:40px}}._2rioU,._3ToRr{display:none}._3ToRr{line-height:1;font-size:.5625rem;position:absolute;bottom:-16px;width:100%;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;color:#555;font-family:PT Sans,Trebuchet MS,Arial Narrow,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.5px;text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3ToRr._1njqh{text-align:right}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2emtx{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:31.8333333333%;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.25%;margin-right:0}._2emtx:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._2emtx:last-child{margin-right:0}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.ad{max-height:1000px;max-height:100vh}}.noAd{display:none}#adops-native-wrapper,#adspot-N-6x2-pos1,#adspot-N-6x2-pos2,#adspot-N-6x2-pos3,#adspot-N-6x2-pos4,#adspot-N-300x164-pos1{display:block!important;min-height:112px}#adspot-N-6x1-pos1,#adspot-N-6x3-pos1{display:block!important}._2-5AL{padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:3px solid #d7dbe3;margin-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2-5AL{padding:19px 20px 20px;margin:0 -20px 16px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2-5AL{padding-top:24px;padding-bottom:32px;margin-bottom:32px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._2-5AL{padding-bottom:24px;border-bottom:none;margin-bottom:14px}}._2-5AL h1{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,system-fonts-tertiary,serif;font-weight:500}@media only print{._2-5AL h1{line-height:1.1875;font-size:2rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2-5AL h1{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:3rem}}._2-5AL h2{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:0;color:#555;font-family:PT Serif,system-fonts-secondary,serif;font-weight:400}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2-5AL h2{line-height:1.4545454545;font-size:1.375rem}}._3jJP2{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:15px;color:#555;font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.4}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3jJP2{margin-top:24px}}._2mZyC{border-bottom:0}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2mZyC{padding-top:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2mZyC{width:100%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}}@media only print{._2mZyC ._2JwnJ{background:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2mZyC ._2JwnJ{width:100vw;padding-top:0;margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);background-color:var(--colorLiveArticleHeader)}}._2mZyC .JwYux{position:relative;padding:80px 20px 32px;border:0;margin:0 -20px -20px;background-color:var(--colorLiveArticleHeader)}@media only print{._2mZyC .JwYux{padding:60px 20px 0;background:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2mZyC .JwYux{padding:120px 20px 40px;margin-bottom:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px)and (max-width:1139px){._2mZyC .JwYux{padding-left:28px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2mZyC .JwYux{max-width:1168px;margin:0 auto}}._2mZyC .JwYux h1,._2mZyC .JwYux h2{position:relative;color:#fff;text-shadow:#000 1px 0 4px}@media only print{._2mZyC .JwYux h1,._2mZyC .JwYux h2{color:var(--colorBrand);text-shadow:none}}._35T8u,._35T8u:before{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}._35T8u:before{background:linear-gradient(180deg,transparent 25%,rgba(0,0,0,.9));content:"";pointer-events:none}._35T8u div{width:100%;height:100%;background-blend-mode:luminosity;background-color:#192646;background-position:top;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover}._1Igzw{border-bottom:0}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1Igzw{margin-bottom:0}}.RXZan h1{line-height:1.2777777778;font-size:2.25rem;color:#232323;font-family:Abril Titling,system-fonts-tertiary,serif;font-weight:400}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.RXZan h1{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:3rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.RXZan h1{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:3.5rem}}._2mZyC.RXZan ._2JwnJ,._2mZyC.RXZan .JwYux{background-color:#f7f6f5}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2mZyC.RXZan ._2JwnJ,._2mZyC.RXZan .JwYux{background-color:#f7f6f5}}._2mZyC.RXZan .JwYux{background-color:#192646}._2mZyC.RXZan .JwYux h1{color:#232323;text-shadow:none}._2mZyC.RXZan .JwYux h2{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem;color:#555;font-family:PT Serif,system-fonts-secondary,serif;text-shadow:none}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2mZyC.RXZan .JwYux h2{line-height:1.4545454545;font-size:1.375rem}}._2YAR2{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;position:relative;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:24px;color:var(--colorBrand);list-style:none}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2YAR2{margin-bottom:32px}}._2YAR2 li{display:inline-block}._2YAR2 li:not(:last-child){margin-right:12px}._2YAR2 li:not(._26JA0){margin-top:8px}._2YAR2 a:focus,._2YAR2 a:hover{text-decoration:underline}._2YAR2 ._3wukJ a{color:var(--colorBrand)}._2YAR2 ._1pMb9 a{color:var(--colorActionAlt)}._2wRGW,._2wRGW ._3wukJ a{color:#232323}._2wRGW ._1pMb9 a{color:#2f818e}._2wRGW .ykJgH{padding:0;background-color:unset;color:#d9172f}._26JA0{font-weight:700}.ykJgH{padding:var(--labelPadding);background-color:var(--colorLabelUrgentHighlight);color:var(--colorLabelUrgent)}.CE1Nb{color:#232323}._1dnWn.yxINm{margin-bottom:0}._1dnWn.yxINm ._1pMb9,._1dnWn.yxINm ._3wukJ{color:#a6acba}.tFmED{position:absolute;top:16px;left:20px;margin-bottom:0}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px)and (max-width:1139px){.tFmED{left:28px}}.tFmED ._1pMb9,.tFmED ._3wukJ{color:#a6acba}.tFmED ._1pMb9 a,.tFmED ._3wukJ a{color:#fff;text-shadow:#000 1px 0 4px}@media only print{.tFmED ._1pMb9 a,.tFmED ._3wukJ a{color:var(--colorBrand);text-shadow:none}}.tFmED .QKvnd.QKvnd{margin:2px 4px 0 0}.tFmED._2wRGW ._3wukJ a,.yxINm._2wRGW ._3wukJ a{color:#232323;text-shadow:none}.tFmED._2wRGW ._1pMb9 a,.yxINm._2wRGW ._1pMb9 a{color:#2f818e;text-shadow:none}._1XZ8d{line-height:1;font-size:.8125rem;margin-bottom:20px}._1XZ8d li:not(._26JA0){margin-top:4px}.yxINm.yxINm ._26JA0{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}.yxINm.yxINm a{color:#fff}@media only print{.yxINm.yxINm a{color:var(--colorBrand)}}.CpcU1{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;margin-bottom:12px;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;font-weight:700}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.CpcU1{line-height:1.1333333333;font-size:.9375rem;margin-bottom:16px}}.CpcU1 span{display:inline-block;padding:4px 8px;background-color:#fff1c7;color:var(--colorBrand)}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.CpcU1 span{padding:6px 8px}}._3OhA4{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding-bottom:12px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._3OhA4{padding:0 20px 4px;margin:0 -20px 24px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3OhA4{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding-bottom:32px}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.Lspjx{padding-top:20px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.Lspjx{padding-bottom:12px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.Lspjx{padding-bottom:24px}}.Lspjx ._2h56q{padding-top:0}@media only print{.Lspjx ._2h56q{display:none}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.Lspjx ._2h56q._2bGxr{padding-bottom:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){.Lspjx ._2h56q{padding-bottom:24px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.Lspjx ._2h56q{padding-top:24px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.Lspjx ._2CSKo{padding-top:24px}}._2h56q{line-height:1.6;font-size:.9375rem;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3}@media only print{._2h56q{border-bottom:0}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2h56q{padding:0 20px 24px;margin:0 -20px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2h56q{padding-bottom:32px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2h56q{max-width:396px;padding:0;border:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2h56q._2bGxr ._3J1te{max-width:261px}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2h56q._2bGxr ._3-xPQ{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._3kTtc{display:none}}._2CSKo{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding-top:4px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2CSKo{-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2CSKo{padding-top:12px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2CSKo{padding-top:16px}}._2NJ_s ._3-xPQ a{color:#232323}._3Eavl div:last-of-type button:after{color:var(--colorBrand)}._3Eavl div:last-of-type button:not(:first-of-type):after{color:#5f6c94}._1KqZ_{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._1KqZ_{padding:0 8px;margin:0 -20px}}._1Yot4{position:relative}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._1Yot4{padding:12px 20px;border-top:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin:4px -20px 0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1Yot4{padding-left:0;border-top:none;margin:0 0 4px 8px}._1Yot4:before{position:absolute;top:8px;left:-16px;height:24px;border-left:1px solid #d7dbe3;content:""}}._3-xPQ{padding-bottom:2px;color:#232323}._3-xPQ span span{font-weight:700}._3-xPQ a{color:var(--colorActionAlt)}._3-xPQ a:focus,._3-xPQ a:hover{text-decoration:underline}._3pGt1{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._3hg_W{display:block;overflow:hidden;width:72px;height:72px;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;margin-right:16px;background-color:var(--colorAuthor);border-radius:50%}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._3hg_W{right:8px}}.wh4Vz{padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.wh4Vz ._2h56q{padding-bottom:16px}.wh4Vz ._2CSKo{border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3}.wh4Vz ._1Yot4{padding-bottom:14px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){.wh4Vz ._2h56q{padding-bottom:14px}.wh4Vz ._2CSKo{min-height:60px;padding-bottom:8px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.wh4Vz{padding-bottom:14px}.wh4Vz:only-child{border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3}.wh4Vz ._3-xPQ{display:inline-block;margin-right:8px;font-weight:700}.wh4Vz ._2h56q{max-width:none}.wh4Vz ._1Yot4{display:none}}._1IjU5,._2tV7D,._2xetH{padding-bottom:2px}._2tV7D[hidden]{display:initial}._1IjU5{font-weight:var(--fontWeightArticleLastUpdated)}._3xKNx ._2xetH:after{margin-right:4px;content:","}._2_zR-._2pq8q{border-bottom:1px dotted #555;cursor:pointer}.OK924{width:auto;max-width:624px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:320px}@media only print{.OK924{max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content}}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:808px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:736px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:1168px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:1000px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}._2TEVJ{padding:0 20px}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){._2TEVJ .adWrapper{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}._2eeHA{padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2eeHA{padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:64px}}._1npeq a{color:var(--colorLink);text-decoration:var(--textDecorationLink)}._1npeq a:hover{color:var(--colorLinkHover);text-decoration:underline}._1npeq em{font-style:italic}._3_hLE{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;padding:12px;border:0;border-radius:4px;letter-spacing:1px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;transition:all .1s}._17BTN{background:var(--colorAction);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}._17BTN._17BTN,._17BTN._17BTN:active,._17BTN._17BTN:hover,._17BTN._17BTN:visited,._17BTN:active,._17BTN:hover,._17BTN:visited{color:var(--colorButtonText);text-decoration:none}._17BTN:focus,._17BTN:hover{background:var(--colorActionDark)}._17BTN:active{background:var(--colorActionDarkest)}._1Zci0{border:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.25);background:transparent;color:#fff}@media not all and (min-resolution:0.001dpcm){@supports(-webkit-appearance:none){._1Zci0{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}}}._1Zci0:focus,._1Zci0:hover{border-color:#096dd2;background:#096dd2;color:#fff}._1Zci0:active{border-color:#004080;background:#004080;color:#fff}._17muu{border:none;background:none;border-radius:0}._1AsGk{margin-bottom:16px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:28px;line-height:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1AsGk{margin-bottom:24px;font-size:48px;line-height:56px}}._21ebA{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._21ebA{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem}}._2LDXj{margin-top:32px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:24px}._2LDXj,.KpWOE{margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand)}.KpWOE{line-height:1.6470588235;font-size:1.0625rem;padding:8px 0;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-top:24px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KpWOE{line-height:1.4;font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:3px}}.cMu-d{margin-bottom:32px}.cMu-d:after,.cMu-d:before{display:table;content:""}.cMu-d:after{clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._32Pk2{display:block;clear:both;float:none;width:100%;margin-right:auto}._32Pk2,._32Pk2:first-child{margin-left:auto}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._32Pk2{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:65.9166666667%;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.25%}._32Pk2:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:0}}.AkZ3C{min-height:135px;margin-bottom:20px}.oKsgR{padding-top:24px;border-top:3px solid #d7dbe3}.oKsgR a{word-break:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.oKsgR strong{font-weight:700}.oKsgR em{font-style:italic}.oKsgR p{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR p{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}.oKsgR h2,.oKsgR h3{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem;margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}.oKsgR li{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR li{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}._3mNPm{counter-reset:b}._3mNPm li{margin-left:25px}._3mNPm>li:before{content:counters(b,".") ". ";counter-increment:b}._3gnhE{margin-top:16px;margin-left:25px;list-style:disc}._2N9eJ{line-height:1.125;font-size:1rem;width:100%;height:40px;padding:12px;border:1px solid #a6acba;border-radius:4px}.hLTvJ{position:relative;display:inline-block;padding-right:16px;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}.hLTvJ:after{position:absolute;top:8px;right:8px;height:24px;border-left:1px solid #d7dbe3;content:""}._31ZN0{width:76px;padding:8px 0;border:0;background-color:#fff;border-radius:4px;color:var(--colorBrand);cursor:pointer;outline:0;text-align:center}._1Xdmo ._31ZN0{background-color:transparent}._31ZN0:focus,._31ZN0:hover{border:1.5px;background:var(--colorArticleToolHover)}._31ZN0:active{background:#a6acba}._31ZN0:active ._11R7m{color:transparent}._3-fU6{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._1f2Ih{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}}._11R7m{margin:0 3px 0 -5px;color:transparent;font-size:1.5rem;stroke:var(--colorBrand);stroke-width:1.5px}._3Fgh7 ._31ZN0:focus ._11R7m,._3Fgh7 ._31ZN0:hover ._11R7m{color:var(--colorAction)}._3Fgh7 ._31ZN0:focus ._3Z-hC,._3Fgh7 ._31ZN0:hover ._3Z-hC{color:#3eaaba}._3Fgh7 ._11R7m{color:var(--colorAction);stroke:var(--colorActionAlt)}._3Fgh7 ._3Z-hC._3Z-hC{color:#3eaaba;stroke:#3eaaba}._3VjT6 ._31ZN0{background:transparent;color:#fff}._3VjT6 ._31ZN0:focus,._3VjT6 ._31ZN0:hover{background:var(--colorAction)}._3VjT6 ._31ZN0:active{background:#0053a6}._3VjT6 ._11R7m{color:transparent;stroke:#fff}._3VjT6._3Fgh7 ._31ZN0:focus ._11R7m,._3VjT6._3Fgh7 ._31ZN0:hover ._11R7m{color:#fff}._3VjT6._3Fgh7 ._11R7m{color:#fff;stroke:#fff}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2XcOi{padding-right:0}}._2XcOi ._1pHo1:after{left:26px}.uXbxr.uXbxr{color:#232323}.uXbxr.uXbxr a{color:var(--colorInlineHoverAction)}.uXbxr.uXbxr button{padding:0;border:none;margin:0;background:none;border-radius:0;color:#096dd2;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;outline:none;outline-offset:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;height:auto;color:var(--colorInlineHoverAction)}.uXbxr.uXbxr button:active,.uXbxr.uXbxr button:focus,.uXbxr.uXbxr button:hover{text-decoration:underline}.uXbxr.uXbxr button::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}.uXbxr.uXbxr a,.uXbxr.uXbxr button{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(var(--colorAction),.4)}.uXbxr.uXbxr a:focus,.uXbxr.uXbxr a:hover,.uXbxr.uXbxr button:focus,.uXbxr.uXbxr button:hover{border-color:var(--colorAction);text-decoration:none}._1ZmVg._1ZmVg a,._1ZmVg._1ZmVg button{color:#096dd2}._1pHo1._1pHo1{width:280px;color:#232323;transform:translate3d(0,20px,0);transition-delay:1s;transition-duration:.3s;transition-property:opacity,transform;transition-timing-function:ease-out}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._1pHo1._1pHo1{width:264px}._1pHo1._1pHo1.sTLHc{left:-28px}._1pHo1._1pHo1.sTLHc:after{left:76px}}._1pHo1._1pHo1._3WoWo{transform:translateY(0)}._1pHo1._1pHo1 h3{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:1.125rem;margin-bottom:8px;font-weight:700}._1pHo1._1pHo1 p{margin-bottom:16px;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}._1pHo1._1pHo1 p,.amqdj strong{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem}.amqdj strong{font-weight:700}.amqdj p{margin-top:8px;margin-bottom:0}._2YSi8{width:100%;padding:12px;cursor:pointer;font-weight:700}._1N61h._1N61h{top:24px;right:8px;left:inherit;animation-duration:.3s;animation-name:_2MQNb;animation-timing-function:ease-out;color:#000;letter-spacing:0}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._1N61h._1N61h{z-index:50;top:25px;right:4px;width:280px}}._1N61h._1N61h:after{right:-7px;left:inherit}._32kc8._32kc8{top:40px}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._32kc8._32kc8{top:30px}}@keyframes _2MQNb{0%{top:50px;opacity:0}to{top:24px;opacity:1}}._1lwFz{z-index:20;line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem;position:absolute;bottom:48px;left:0;width:230px;padding:16px 20px 20px;background-color:#fff;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 0 8px rgba(0,0,0,.25);opacity:0;text-align:left;transition:opacity .2s ease-out,visibility .2s ease-out;visibility:hidden}._1lwFz:after{position:absolute;bottom:-16px;left:20px;width:0;height:0;box-sizing:border-box;border:8px solid;border-color:transparent transparent #fff #fff;box-shadow:-2px 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);content:"";transform:rotate(-45deg);transform-origin:0 0}._2Zl1d{opacity:1;visibility:visible}.WUf_a{top:48px;bottom:auto;box-shadow:0 0 8px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.WUf_a:before{top:-8px;bottom:auto}.WUf_a:after{top:0;bottom:auto;left:48px;border-color:transparent transparent #fff #fff;box-shadow:-2px 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);transform:rotate(135deg);transform-origin:0 0}button{border:none;background:none}._2Cn91{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:138px;padding-left:12px}._2Cn91:before{position:absolute;top:8px;left:0;height:24px;border-left:1px solid #d7dbe3;content:""}._2KkCz,._2KkCz button{display:inline-block}._2KkCz button{position:relative;overflow:hidden;width:32px;height:32px;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding:0;color:var(--colorActionAlt);cursor:pointer;font-family:PT Serif,system-fonts-secondary,serif;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:bottom}._2KkCz button:after{position:absolute;bottom:2px;left:50%;display:block;color:var(--colorActionAlt);content:"a";text-indent:0;text-transform:uppercase;transform:translate(-50%)}._2KkCz button:not(:first-child){margin-left:4px}._2KkCz ._2-NUy:before{position:absolute;bottom:1px;left:50%;display:block;width:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--colorBrand);color:#096dd2;content:"";transform:translate(-50%)}._2KkCz ._2-NUy:after{color:var(--colorBrand)}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._3hSOH{vertical-align:top}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3hSOH{max-width:100%;padding-left:0;border-top:1px solid #d7dbe3;border-left:none;background-color:#fff}._3hSOH ._2KkCz{margin-top:2px}._3hSOH button{margin-top:4px;margin-bottom:3px}._3hSOH button:not(:first-child){margin-left:0}._3hSOH:before{content:none}}._30X7v{line-height:1;font-size:1rem}._3Rq_0{line-height:1;font-size:1.25rem}._3VkdU{line-height:1;font-size:1.5rem}.-TmOP{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem;padding:16px 20px;margin-bottom:32px;background:#f4f5f7;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}.-TmOP a{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(9,109,210,.4);color:#096dd2}.-TmOP a:focus,.-TmOP a:hover{border-bottom-color:#096dd2;color:#096dd2;text-decoration:none}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.-TmOP._14cZJ{margin:-19px -20px 24px}}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.-TmOP.nTYxs{margin:-24px -20px 20px}}.-TmOP._28o8W{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.-TmOP._28o8W{margin:-16px -20px 16px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.-TmOP._28o8W{width:100%}}.-TmOP._1Iy2-{margin-bottom:32px}._21mz2{border-left:4px solid #096dd2}._3Em_j._3Em_j{border-bottom:0;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}._3Em_j._3Em_j:focus,._3Em_j._3Em_j:hover{text-decoration:underline}._3Em_j._3Em_j:visited{color:#096dd2}._1q-_I{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:80px}._3Bdnp{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem;position:relative;padding:16px 12px 16px 16px;border:1px solid #a6acba;border-left:0;margin-bottom:32px;box-shadow:2px 2px 0 0 rgba(166,172,186,.25);color:#232323;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}._3Bdnp:after,._3Bdnp:before{position:absolute;height:calc(100% - 4px);content:""}._3Bdnp:before{top:5px;left:-1px;width:1px;border-left:1px solid #a6acba;background:transparent}._3Bdnp:after{top:-1px;left:0;width:4px;border-right:1px solid #a6acba;background:#fff}._39jZS{margin-right:12px}.Ad23A.Ad23A{border-bottom:0;color:#232323;text-decoration:underline;white-space:nowrap}.Ad23A.Ad23A:focus,.Ad23A.Ad23A:hover{color:var(--colorLinkHover);text-decoration:underline}._3J5Rh{width:100%;margin:0 auto 40px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3J5Rh{margin:0 auto 64px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3J5Rh{width:646px}}._1UeAY{margin-bottom:24px}._1UeAY>div{margin-bottom:0}._1NnX8 h3{padding-top:0}._1Mgvc,._2E2Ml{margin-bottom:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1Mgvc{margin-bottom:32px}}.yytsI.yytsI{padding:0 0 24px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-bottom:24px}.fOtq8{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem;display:block;padding:12px 16px;margin-bottom:24px;background-color:#f4f5f7;color:#096dd2;font-weight:700}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.fOtq8{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}.fOtq8:focus,.fOtq8:hover{text-decoration:underline}._1R3JU{max-width:748px;min-height:156px;margin-bottom:8px}._5zxYr,.IVdMl{margin-bottom:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._5zxYr{margin-bottom:32px}}.UvPyY{position:absolute;top:0;display:block;width:100%;height:100%;background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.6666666667)}._3Fhwk{display:none}._1Ld7U{margin-bottom:8px}._5JLqO{display:none}._1v8uM{position:relative;display:block;max-width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid #d4d4d4;margin-bottom:16px;font-size:1rem}._3nQ7a{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;height:36px;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-bottom:8px;cursor:pointer}._13-ix{height:24px;margin-right:8px}._3zEsU,._13-ix{width:24px;fill:transparent}._3zEsU{height:16px;margin-left:auto;transition:all .2s linear}._299f8{transform:rotate(-180deg)}._314Yh{display:none;transition:opacity .6s,visibility .6s;visibility:hidden}.Hqkd2{display:block;margin-bottom:8px;animation:_7UccF .4s;opacity:1;visibility:visible}@keyframes _7UccF{0%{opacity:0}20%{opacity:.2}40%{opacity:.4}60%{opacity:.6}80%{opacity:.8}to{opacity:1}}._1665V>p{margin-bottom:16px}@media only print{._1665V>p{line-height:1.25;font-size:1rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1665V>p{margin-bottom:24px}}._1665V>p:empty{display:none}._1665V>h2,._1665V>h3,._1665V>h4,._1665V>h5,._1665V>h6{padding:16px 0;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,system-fonts-tertiary,serif}._1665V>h2,._1665V>h3{line-height:1.2;font-size:1.25rem}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1665V>h2,._1665V>h3{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem;padding-bottom:24px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1665V>h4,._1665V>h5,._1665V>h6{line-height:1.2;font-size:1.25rem;padding-bottom:24px}}._1665V ul{list-style:disc}._1665V ol{list-style:decimal}._1665V ol,._1665V ul{padding:8px 0 0 40px;margin-bottom:16px}@media only print{._1665V ol,._1665V ul{line-height:1.25;font-size:1rem}}._1665V ol li:not(:last-child),._1665V ul li:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:16px}._1665V b,._1665V strong{font-weight:700}._1665V a{border-bottom:var(--heightInlineAnchorBorder) solid rgba(var(--colorInlineAnchorBorder),var(--transparencyInlineAnchorBorder));color:var(--colorInlineAnchorAction);text-decoration:none}._1665V a:focus,._1665V a:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--colorInlineHoverAction);color:var(--colorInlineHoverAction);text-decoration:none}._1665V a:visited{border-bottom-color:#232323;color:#555}._1665V em,._1665V i{font-style:italic}._3se6S{height:100vh}@media not print{.ol2R3>ol,.ol2R3>p,.ol2R3>ul{line-height:1.6842105263;font-size:1.1875rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.ol2R3>ol,.ol2R3>p,.ol2R3>ul{line-height:1.6;font-size:1.25rem}}@media not print{.ol2R3>h2,.ol2R3>h3{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.ol2R3>h2,.ol2R3>h3{line-height:1.125;font-size:2rem}}@media not print{.ol2R3>h4,.ol2R3>h5,.ol2R3>h6{line-height:1.6842105263;font-size:1.1875rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.ol2R3>h4,.ol2R3>h5,.ol2R3>h6{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem}}@media not print{._1Qexo>ol,._1Qexo>p,._1Qexo>ul{line-height:1.6;font-size:1.25rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1Qexo>ol,._1Qexo>p,._1Qexo>ul{line-height:1.6666666667;font-size:1.5rem}}@media not print{._1Qexo>h2,._1Qexo>h3{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1Qexo>h2,._1Qexo>h3{line-height:1.1111111111;font-size:2.25rem}}@media not print{._1Qexo>h4,._1Qexo>h5,._1Qexo>h6{line-height:1.6;font-size:1.25rem}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1Qexo>h4,._1Qexo>h5,._1Qexo>h6{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem}}._2IOn6 p{margin-bottom:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2IOn6 p{margin-bottom:32px}}._2IOn6 ol,._2IOn6 ul{display:inline-block}._2dHq7>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}._1DQEH a{border-bottom:none;color:#2f818e}._1DQEH a:focus,._1DQEH a:hover{color:#2f818e;text-decoration:underline}._3zMrp{z-index:70;position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}._2zP2_{-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px)}._1Jq9J{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;overflow-y:auto}._3ujPS{position:relative;overflow:hidden;width:100%;margin-bottom:16px;clear:both}@media only print{._3ujPS{padding:0;page-break-inside:avoid}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3ujPS{margin-bottom:24px}}._3ujPS img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;text-indent:-9999px}._3ujPS video{width:100%}._3ujPS ._1lwW_{position:relative}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3ujPS ._1lwW_:before{z-index:20;background-image:url(/assets/df218e70.svg);background-position:bottom 9px left 9px}._3ujPS ._1lwW_:after{z-index:10;background:#000;background-image:url(/assets/a614f31b.svg);background-position:top 9px right 9px}._3ujPS ._1lwW_:after,._3ujPS ._1lwW_:before{display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:1em;height:1em;background-size:100% auto;text-indent:-9999px;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px 9px;content:"";font-size:38px;opacity:0;transform:translateZ(0);transition:opacity .2s ease-out,transform .4s ease-out}._3ujPS ._1lwW_:focus:after,._3ujPS ._1lwW_:focus:before,._3ujPS ._1lwW_:hover:after,._3ujPS ._1lwW_:hover:before{opacity:1}._3ujPS ._1lwW_:focus:before,._3ujPS ._1lwW_:hover:before{transform:translate3d(-1px,1px,0)}._3ujPS ._1lwW_:focus:after,._3ujPS ._1lwW_:hover:after{transform:translate3d(1px,-1px,0)}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._3g3zI{width:auto;margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}._3g3zI._1ssw5 ._3CZmy{padding:8px 0}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._3g3zI ._3CZmy{padding:12px 20px}}@media only print{._3CeoW,._3g3zI,._3x3-4._3x3-4{width:100%}}._1ilMH,._2-WXH{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:48.5%;margin-left:0;margin-right:3%}._1ilMH:after,._2-WXH:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._1ilMH:last-child,._2-WXH:last-child{margin-right:0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1ilMH,._2-WXH{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:39.9166666667%;margin-left:0;margin-right:3%}._1ilMH:after,._2-WXH:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._1ilMH:last-child,._2-WXH:last-child{margin-right:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1ilMH,._2-WXH{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:38.2%;margin-left:0;margin-right:3%}._1ilMH:after,._2-WXH:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._1ilMH:last-child,._2-WXH:last-child{margin-right:0}}._1ilMH._1ilMH,._2-WXH._2-WXH{margin-right:0;margin-left:20px;clear:right;float:right}._3CZmy{padding:8px 0;color:#555;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}@media only print{._3CZmy{padding-right:0;padding-left:0;background-color:#fff}}._3CZmy p{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:.9375rem;margin-bottom:0}._3CZmy ._2Li3P+.ojLwA:before{display:inline-block;width:8px;content:""}._3CZmy ._30ROC{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._3CZmy .ojLwA{line-height:1.4545454545;font-size:.6875rem;color:#767676;text-transform:uppercase}._2plt2{overflow:auto}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2plt2{padding:3%}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2plt2{padding:3% 8%}}._2zMPb{position:relative;-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:flex-start;margin:auto 0;box-shadow:0 0 24px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}@media screen and (orientation:landscape){._2zMPb.LBaP8{margin:auto 20%}}._2zMPb button{position:absolute;top:10px;right:10px;padding:12px 12px 12px 13px;margin:0;background-color:#000;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;opacity:.8;transform:translateZ(0);transition:opacity .2s ease-out}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2zMPb button{top:0;right:-50px}}._2zMPb button:focus,._2zMPb button:hover{opacity:1}._2zMPb button span{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}.xjs4x{background:#fff}.xjs4x img{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;height:auto;min-height:105px;max-height:100%;background:rgba(215,219,227,.5);text-indent:-9999px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.xjs4x img{min-height:300px}}.xjs4x figcaption{padding:8px 10px}._1lwW_{cursor:pointer}._3CeoW ._1lwW_ img{min-height:160px}._1ilMH ._1lwW_,._2-WXH ._1lwW_,._3g3zI ._1lwW_,._3x3-4 ._1lwW_{position:relative;display:block;overflow:hidden}._1ilMH ._1lwW_ video,._2-WXH ._1lwW_ video,._3g3zI ._1lwW_ video,._3x3-4 ._1lwW_ video{position:absolute}._3g3zI ._3Cr0o{padding-bottom:56.2%}._3x3-4 ._3Cr0o{padding-bottom:66.67%}._2-WXH ._3Cr0o{padding-bottom:100%}._1ilMH ._3Cr0o{padding-bottom:150%}.ymInT{position:relative;padding:8px 20px 4px;border:1px solid #d7dbe3;border-left:0;margin-bottom:24px;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.ymInT{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:39.9166666667%;margin-left:0;margin-right:3%;padding:0;border:none;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin:8px 0 32px 20px;border-radius:0}.ymInT:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.ymInT:nth-child(n){margin-right:3%;float:left;clear:none}.ymInT:nth-child(1n){margin-right:0;float:right}.ymInT:nth-child(1n+1){clear:both}.ymInT:before{display:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.ymInT{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:38.2%;margin-left:0;margin-right:3%;margin-left:20px}.ymInT:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.ymInT:nth-child(n){margin-right:3%;float:left;clear:none}.ymInT:nth-child(1n){margin-right:0;float:right}.ymInT:nth-child(1n+1){clear:both}}.ymInT:before{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;height:100%;border-left:4px solid var(--colorBrand);content:""}.ymInT:after{display:table;clear:both;content:""}.ymInT ._21cvO{line-height:1;font-size:1rem;padding:8px 0;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.ymInT ._21cvO{line-height:1.3333333333;font-size:1.125rem}}._3uJpn{position:relative;min-height:250px;border:0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3uJpn{min-height:350px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3TEaZ{position:relative;left:10.3%;width:37.504%;margin-bottom:32px;margin-left:-6.25%}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3TEaZ{position:relative;left:17.1666666667%;width:47.825%;margin-left:-13%}}._3TEaZ ._21cvO{padding:12px 0 16px}._1JYfJ._1JYfJ{margin:0}._1JYfJ._1JYfJ a{border:0}._1PorT{padding-bottom:16px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1PorT._1PorT h3{line-height:1.2;font-size:1.25rem}}._3amsP{line-height:24px}._1TuqJ,._3amsP h5:not([data-pb-type=lb]){font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}._2wzgv{font-size:2rem}._2wzgv._3lVFK{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}@keyframes _29Qt8{to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}._3qqDc{overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}._3qqDc,._29Qt8{position:absolute}._29Qt8{top:50%;left:50%;width:20px;height:20px;box-sizing:border-box;border:2px solid transparent;border-top-color:#fff;margin-top:-10px;margin-left:-10px;animation:_29Qt8 .6s linear infinite;border-radius:50%}.D5idv ._29Qt8{border-top-color:var(--colorBrand)}.OK924{width:auto;max-width:624px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:320px}@media only print{.OK924{max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content}}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:808px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:736px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:1168px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:1000px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}._2TEVJ{padding:0 20px}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){._2TEVJ .adWrapper{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}._2eeHA{padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2eeHA{padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:64px}}._1npeq a{color:var(--colorLink);text-decoration:var(--textDecorationLink)}._1npeq a:hover{color:var(--colorLinkHover);text-decoration:underline}._1npeq em{font-style:italic}._3_hLE{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;padding:12px;border:0;border-radius:4px;letter-spacing:1px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;transition:all .1s}._17BTN{background:var(--colorAction);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}._17BTN._17BTN,._17BTN._17BTN:active,._17BTN._17BTN:hover,._17BTN._17BTN:visited,._17BTN:active,._17BTN:hover,._17BTN:visited{color:var(--colorButtonText);text-decoration:none}._17BTN:focus,._17BTN:hover{background:var(--colorActionDark)}._17BTN:active{background:var(--colorActionDarkest)}._1Zci0{border:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.25);background:transparent;color:#fff}@media not all and (min-resolution:0.001dpcm){@supports(-webkit-appearance:none){._1Zci0{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}}}._1Zci0:focus,._1Zci0:hover{border-color:#096dd2;background:#096dd2;color:#fff}._1Zci0:active{border-color:#004080;background:#004080;color:#fff}._17muu{border:none;background:none;border-radius:0}._1AsGk{margin-bottom:16px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:28px;line-height:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1AsGk{margin-bottom:24px;font-size:48px;line-height:56px}}._21ebA{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._21ebA{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem}}._2LDXj{margin-top:32px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:24px}._2LDXj,.KpWOE{margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand)}.KpWOE{line-height:1.6470588235;font-size:1.0625rem;padding:8px 0;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-top:24px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KpWOE{line-height:1.4;font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:3px}}.cMu-d{margin-bottom:32px}.cMu-d:after,.cMu-d:before{display:table;content:""}.cMu-d:after{clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._32Pk2{display:block;clear:both;float:none;width:100%;margin-right:auto}._32Pk2,._32Pk2:first-child{margin-left:auto}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._32Pk2{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:65.9166666667%;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.25%}._32Pk2:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:0}}.AkZ3C{min-height:135px;margin-bottom:20px}.oKsgR{padding-top:24px;border-top:3px solid #d7dbe3}.oKsgR a{word-break:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.oKsgR strong{font-weight:700}.oKsgR em{font-style:italic}.oKsgR p{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR p{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}.oKsgR h2,.oKsgR h3{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem;margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}.oKsgR li{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR li{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}._3mNPm{counter-reset:b}._3mNPm li{margin-left:25px}._3mNPm>li:before{content:counters(b,".") ". ";counter-increment:b}._3gnhE{margin-top:16px;margin-left:25px;list-style:disc}._2N9eJ{line-height:1.125;font-size:1rem;width:100%;height:40px;padding:12px;border:1px solid #a6acba;border-radius:4px}._16-Dw{width:100%;background:#f4f5f7;clear:both}._15gOL{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%}.LntZY{position:absolute;top:0;height:100%;margin-bottom:0}._6ebFV{position:relative;width:100%;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._HX-E{position:relative;left:-10.416%;width:120.832%;clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._HX-E{position:relative;left:-14.9071428571%;width:129.8142857143%}}._1GtIm{width:auto}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1GtIm{width:calc(100vw - 10px);margin-left:50%;clear:both;transform:translateX(-50%)}}._22FRK{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._22FRK{margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:0}}.aKWhn{position:relative;padding-bottom:16px;border-top:1px solid #d7dbe3;clear:both}.aKWhn:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.aKWhn{line-height:1}}.n422E{margin-top:24px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.n422E{margin-top:32px}}._2qhpu{margin-bottom:16px}._2qhpu h2{font-size:1.125rem;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase}.dLGbc{min-height:48px;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3}.dLGbc,.dLGbc>*{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.dLGbc>*{font-size:.9375rem;min-height:46px;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px}.dLGbc>:first-child:after{top:11px;height:26px}.dLGbc>ul{margin-right:16px}.dLGbc>div:not(:last-child){padding-right:16px}.dLGbc>div:not(:last-child):after{position:absolute;top:11px;height:26px;border-left:1px solid #d7dbe3;content:""}.XkjKu{position:relative;min-height:221px;margin:0 -20px 24px}@media only screen and (min-width:532px){.XkjKu{margin:0 0 24px}}._23sy9{margin-top:-25px}._1r_Lb{margin-bottom:8px}._1r_Lb ._15JI0{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1r_Lb ._15JI0{margin-bottom:16px}}._8Cum8{position:relative}._8Cum8:after{right:16px}._8Cum8 ._4oUp_{line-height:1;font-size:.8125rem;display:inline-block;margin-right:16px;color:var(--colorActionAlt);font-family:PT Sans,Trebuchet MS,Arial Narrow,sans-serif}._8Cum8 ._4oUp_:focus,._8Cum8 ._4oUp_:hover{color:var(--colorActionAlt);text-decoration:underline}._8Cum8 ._1huTw{color:#2f818e}._8Cum8 ._1huTw:focus,._8Cum8 ._1huTw:hover{color:#2f818e;text-decoration:underline}.ZFgNO{font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}.ZFgNO button{padding:0;border:none;margin:0;background:none;border-radius:0;color:#096dd2;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;outline:none;outline-offset:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;line-height:1;font-size:.6875rem;display:block;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase}.ZFgNO button:active,.ZFgNO button:focus,.ZFgNO button:hover{text-decoration:underline}.ZFgNO button::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}._3Nz34{padding:0}._3Nz34,._3Nz34 li{display:inline-block}._3Nz34 li{max-width:250px;padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px;vertical-align:top}._3Nz34 li a{display:block;overflow:hidden;height:16px}._3Nz34 li button{height:16px}._3Nz34 li:not(:last-child){margin-right:16px}._2qm3J a,._2qm3J a:focus,._2qm3J a:hover{color:#2f818e}._2Tz1_{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;position:relative;color:var(--colorActionAlt);text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}._2Tz1_:focus,._2Tz1_:hover{color:var(--colorActionAlt);text-decoration:underline}._2Cg_3{padding-bottom:4px;border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-bottom:16px}._2Cg_3._2avtF{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:none;margin-bottom:0}._2Cg_3:empty{display:none}.iQMz1{line-height:1.5714285714;font-size:.875rem;padding:0;margin-bottom:8px;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif}.iQMz1:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only print{.iQMz1{padding:24px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #d7dbe3;border-bottom:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.iQMz1{padding:0 12px;margin-bottom:12px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.iQMz1{padding:0 16px}}.iQMz1[hidden]{display:block}._3C7oX{float:left}._3C7oX img{display:block;width:40px;height:40px;box-sizing:content-box;border:1px solid #f4f5f7;background:var(--colorAuthor);border-radius:50%}._1Oml5{padding-left:52px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1Oml5{padding-left:60px}}._3NFLJ{line-height:1.5714285714;font-size:.875rem;color:var(--colorActionAlt);font-weight:700}._3NFLJ:focus,._3NFLJ:hover{color:var(--colorActionAlt);text-decoration:underline}._3NFLJ:visited{color:var(--colorActionAlt)}._1JRPq._1JRPq,._1JRPq._1JRPq:focus,._1JRPq._1JRPq:hover{color:#2f818e}._11p0O{margin-left:8px;color:#767676}._11p0O a{color:#767676;text-decoration:underline}._11p0O a:focus,._11p0O a:hover{color:#454f64}._1pvEI._1pvEI>div>div{height:246px}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1pvEI._1pvEI>div>div{position:unset;left:0;width:unset;transform:unset}._1pvEI._1pvEI>div>div>div{padding:0}}._1pvEI._1pvEI>div>div>div>div{position:unset}._1pvEI._1pvEI>div>div>div>div:after,._1pvEI._1pvEI>div>div>div>div:before{display:none}._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-slide{width:200px}._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-slide:after,._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-slide:before{display:none}._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-slide>div>div{min-width:200px;height:246px}._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-slide>div>div>h3{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem}._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-arrow{width:32px;height:32px;margin:0;background-color:unset}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-arrow{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}}._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-arrow:not(.slick-disabled):hover{background-color:#f4f5f7}._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-arrow svg{font-size:26px}._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-prev{top:12px;right:32px;left:unset}._1pvEI._1pvEI .slick-next{top:12px;right:0}._2zaYr{margin-bottom:32px}._2In59{min-height:40px;padding:8px 0;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-bottom:24px;color:var(--colorBrand)}.OOkmw{font-size:1.0625rem;display:inline;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.OOkmw{font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:3px}}._29X_Z{position:relative;height:100px}.nBCAZ{line-height:6.25;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;text-align:center}._2bMG3{position:relative}._2bMG3:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){.cH9H_{height:14px;y:32}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._9d-2y{height:14px;y:50}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px)and (max-width:1023px){._1k_M1{height:14px;y:68}}._1vxqb,.he87U{overflow:hidden}._1vxqb{width:100%;margin-bottom:16px;float:none}._2jv3-{float:right}._1EgW8,._2jv3-{width:96px;height:96px}._1EgW8{margin-right:16px;float:left}._1Ln-1{display:none}.y77aF{background-color:var(--colorBrand);clear:both}._1dQzs,.y77aF{position:relative}._1dQzs{overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:24px}._1dQzs:before{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:88px;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--colorBrand) 0,rgba(var(--colorSubscriberGlowBottom),0)),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(var(--colorSubscriberGlowSurround),.5) 0,rgba(var(--colorSubscriberGlowMid),.5) 50%,rgba(var(--colorSubscriberGlowSurround),.5));content:""}._3fCTw{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3fCTw{display:block}}._39_V0{width:auto;max-width:1168px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;position:relative;padding-top:8px}._39_V0:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._39_V0{padding:14px 20px}}._1U4cI{padding:16px 0 40px;color:#fff}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._1U4cI{text-align:center}}._1U4cI p{line-height:1;font-size:.875rem;padding:16px 0}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1U4cI p{display:inline-block;padding:16px 24px 0 0}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1Z25A{float:right}}._2W4Zy{line-height:1;font-size:.875rem;display:inline-block;color:#fff}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2W4Zy{display:block;margin-top:40px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2W4Zy{margin-top:17px}}._2W4Zy:active,._2W4Zy:hover,._2W4Zy:visited{color:#fff}._2W4Zy:hover{text-decoration:underline}._39qXI{line-height:1;font-size:.8125rem;display:inline-block;padding:10px 16px 9px;background-color:var(--colorAction);border-radius:4px;color:var(--colorButtonText);cursor:pointer;font-weight:var(--buttonFontWeight);letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;vertical-align:top}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._39qXI{margin-top:28px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._39qXI{margin-top:8px;margin-left:32px}}._39qXI:focus,._39qXI:hover{background-color:var(--colorActionLight);color:var(--colorButtonText)}._39qXI:active{background-color:var(--colorActionDark);color:var(--colorButtonText)}._2tZpI{padding:16px 0 24px;text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2tZpI{display:inline-block;padding:16px 0 24px;margin-right:-12px;float:right}}._2tZpI li{display:inline-block}._2tZpI a{display:block;padding:5px 8px;margin:0 4px;color:#fff}._2tZpI span{position:absolute;overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}.OK924{width:auto;max-width:624px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:320px}@media only print{.OK924{max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content}}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:808px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:736px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.OK924{width:auto;max-width:1168px;float:none;display:block;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;min-width:1000px}.OK924:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}}._2TEVJ{padding:0 20px}@media only screen and (max-width:360px){._2TEVJ .adWrapper{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}}._2eeHA{padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2eeHA{padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:64px}}._1npeq a{color:var(--colorLink);text-decoration:var(--textDecorationLink)}._1npeq a:hover{color:var(--colorLinkHover);text-decoration:underline}._1npeq em{font-style:italic}._3_hLE{line-height:1.2307692308;font-size:.8125rem;padding:12px;border:0;border-radius:4px;letter-spacing:1px;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;transition:all .1s}._17BTN{background:var(--colorAction);font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}._17BTN._17BTN,._17BTN._17BTN:active,._17BTN._17BTN:hover,._17BTN._17BTN:visited,._17BTN:active,._17BTN:hover,._17BTN:visited{color:var(--colorButtonText);text-decoration:none}._17BTN:focus,._17BTN:hover{background:var(--colorActionDark)}._17BTN:active{background:var(--colorActionDarkest)}._1Zci0{border:1px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.25);background:transparent;color:#fff}@media not all and (min-resolution:0.001dpcm){@supports(-webkit-appearance:none){._1Zci0{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}}}._1Zci0:focus,._1Zci0:hover{border-color:#096dd2;background:#096dd2;color:#fff}._1Zci0:active{border-color:#004080;background:#004080;color:#fff}._17muu{border:none;background:none;border-radius:0}._1AsGk{margin-bottom:16px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:28px;line-height:32px}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._1AsGk{margin-bottom:24px;font-size:48px;line-height:56px}}._21ebA{line-height:1.1666666667;font-size:1.5rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._21ebA{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem}}._2LDXj{margin-top:32px;font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:24px}._2LDXj,.KpWOE{margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand)}.KpWOE{line-height:1.6470588235;font-size:1.0625rem;padding:8px 0;border-top:3px solid var(--colorBrand);border-bottom:1px solid #d7dbe3;margin-top:24px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.KpWOE{line-height:1.4;font-size:1.25rem;letter-spacing:3px}}.cMu-d{margin-bottom:32px}.cMu-d:after,.cMu-d:before{display:table;content:""}.cMu-d:after{clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._32Pk2{display:block;clear:both;float:none;width:100%;margin-right:auto}._32Pk2,._32Pk2:first-child{margin-left:auto}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._32Pk2{float:left;clear:none;text-align:inherit;width:65.9166666667%;margin-left:0;margin-right:2.25%}._32Pk2:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}._32Pk2:last-child{margin-right:0}}.AkZ3C{min-height:135px;margin-bottom:20px}.oKsgR{padding-top:24px;border-top:3px solid #d7dbe3}.oKsgR a{word-break:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.oKsgR strong{font-weight:700}.oKsgR em{font-style:italic}.oKsgR p{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR p{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}.oKsgR h2,.oKsgR h3{line-height:1.1428571429;font-size:1.75rem;margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:16px;color:var(--colorBrand);font-family:Abril Titling Bold,Book Antiqua,Palatino,Palatino Linotype,Palatino LT STD,Georgia,serif}.oKsgR li{line-height:1.4117647059;font-size:1.0625rem;margin-bottom:16px;color:#232323;font-family:PT Serif,Georgia,Times,Times New Roman,serif}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.oKsgR li{line-height:1.7777777778;font-size:1.125rem}}._3mNPm{counter-reset:b}._3mNPm li{margin-left:25px}._3mNPm>li:before{content:counters(b,".") ". ";counter-increment:b}._3gnhE{margin-top:16px;margin-left:25px;list-style:disc}._2N9eJ{line-height:1.125;font-size:1rem;width:100%;height:40px;padding:12px;border:1px solid #a6acba;border-radius:4px}._3zMrp{z-index:70;position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}._2zP2_{-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(6px);backdrop-filter:blur(6px)}._1Jq9J{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;font-family:PT Sans,system-fonts-primary,sans-serif;overflow-y:auto}._2cb-t{border-top:1px solid var(--colorFooterSection);border-bottom:1px solid var(--colorFooterSection)}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2cb-t{width:100%;padding:24px 0;column-count:3}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._2cb-t{column-count:4}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3WLzB{margin-bottom:24px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3WLzB:first-child{margin-bottom:148px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3WLzB:nth-child(2){margin-bottom:228px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3WLzB:nth-child(4){margin-bottom:176px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){._3WLzB._3jcx3:first-child,._3WLzB.CdtDr:first-child{margin-bottom:24px}._3WLzB._3jcx3:nth-child(2),._3WLzB.CdtDr:nth-child(2){margin-bottom:176px}._3WLzB._3jcx3:nth-child(4),._3WLzB.CdtDr:nth-child(4){margin-bottom:48px}}._3WLzB:not(:last-child){border-bottom:1px solid var(--colorFooterSection)}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3WLzB:not(:last-child){border:0}}._3WLzB a,._3WLzB a:visited{line-height:1;font-size:.875rem;display:block;color:#fff}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2_Vga,._3WLzB a,._3WLzB a:visited{display:inline-block}}._2_Vga._11Kl2 ._2hufO{transform:rotate(180deg)}._3amNM{line-height:1;font-size:.875rem;position:relative;display:block;width:100%;padding:16px 0;text-align:left}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3amNM{padding:0 0 8px;cursor:default}._3amNM:focus{outline:none}}._3amNM ._2g7Mb{color:#fff;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3amNM ._2g7Mb{line-height:1;font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:1.5px}}._3amNM ._2hufO{margin-right:8px;color:var(--colorFooterAction);float:right;transition:transform .3s ease-in 0s}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._3amNM ._2hufO{display:none}}._2q5mS{list-style-type:none}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2q5mS{overflow:hidden;max-height:0;opacity:0;transition:all .25s ease-in;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2q5mS{display:inline}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2q5mS._11Kl2{max-height:600px;margin-bottom:16px;opacity:1;visibility:visible}}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){._2q5mS a{padding:9px 0}._2q5mS a:focus,._2q5mS a:hover{text-decoration:underline}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){._2q5mS a{margin:5px 0}._2q5mS a:focus,._2q5mS a:hover{box-shadow:inset 0 -1px 0 #fff}}.WVOF2{overflow-y:hidden}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.WVOF2{max-width:600px;height:auto}}.WVOF2 iframe{transition:height .3s,width .3s,margin .3s}@media only screen and (max-width:767px){.WVOF2 iframe{height:100%}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.WVOF2 iframe{min-height:300px}}._1E3GD{top:0;right:0;width:24px;height:24px;background:transparent}._1E3GD,._1E3GD span{position:absolute;padding:0;border:0}._1E3GD span{overflow:hidden;width:1px;height:1px;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}</style><style data-styled="" data-styled-version="6.1.1"></style><noscript><style>._3fGh6 { display: none; }</style></noscript><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="/assets/3dffa6aa.woff2" rel="preload"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="/assets/4d02358a.woff2" rel="preload"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="/assets/9ff0e533.woff2" rel="preload"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="/assets/b81bb9a1.woff2" rel="preload"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="/assets/b9bc76d6.woff2" rel="preload"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="/assets/c5f3dffd.woff2" rel="preload"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="/assets/c67d7077.woff2" rel="preload"/><link as="font" crossorigin="anonymous" href="/assets/dd51f8cf.woff2" rel="preload"/><script async="" nomodule="" src="/assets/picturefill.js"></script><script async="" src="/assets/manifest.bf293e0257ce844ecaff.js"></script><script nomodule="" src="/assets/alib.8d2785b74222ca90b3d5.chunk.js"></script><script src="https://adkit.9pub.io/2.1.0"></script><meta data-rh="true" content="VCE 2024: VCE students could lose marks over VCAA exam breach" name="title"/><meta data-rh="true" content="Victoria Curriculum and Assessment Authority boss Kylie White will leave her post immediately, as the education minister revealed early half of VCE exams were affected by the exam paper fiasco." name="description"/><meta data-rh="true" content="" name="keywords"/><meta data-rh="true" content="" name="news_keywords"/><meta data-rh="true" content="Victoria" property="article:section"/><meta data-rh="true" content="2024-11-18T07:50:15+00:00" property="article:published_time"/><meta data-rh="true" content="2024-11-18T08:12:32+00:00" property="article:modified_time"/><meta data-rh="true" content="2024-11-18T07:50:15+00:00" itemProp="datePublished" name="pubdate"/><meta data-rh="true" content="Caroline Schelle" itemProp="author" name="author"/><meta data-rh="true" content="max-image-preview:large" name="robots"/><meta data-rh="true" content="230318243699378" property="fb:app_id"/><meta data-rh="true" content="119817336421" property="fb:pages"/><meta data-rh="true" content="108603349088" property="fb:pages"/><meta data-rh="true" content="144226982353442" property="fb:pages"/><meta data-rh="true" content="1512741838937542" property="fb:pages"/><meta data-rh="true" content="353068424784135" property="fb:pages"/><meta data-rh="true" content="468598989986151" property="fb:pages"/><meta data-rh="true" content="941917672546382" property="fb:pages"/><meta data-rh="true" content="1618026928452148" property="fb:pages"/><meta data-rh="true" content="492499720777787" property="fb:pages"/><meta data-rh="true" content="Victoria Curriculum and Assessment Authority boss Kylie White will leave her post immediately, as the education minister revealed early half of VCE exams were affected by the exam paper fiasco." property="og:description"/><meta data-rh="true" content="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.1447%2C$multiply_0.7554%2C$ratio_1.776846%2C$width_1059%2C$x_61%2C$y_142/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/t_theage_no_label_no_age_social_wm/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930" property="og:image"/><meta data-rh="true" content="800" property="og:image:width"/><meta data-rh="true" content="450" property="og:image:height"/><meta data-rh="true" content="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.1447%2C$multiply_0.7554%2C$ratio_1.776846%2C$width_1059%2C$x_61%2C$y_142/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/t_theage_no_label_no_age_social_wm/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930" property="og:image:secure_url"/><meta data-rh="true" content="en_US" property="og:locale"/><meta data-rh="true" content="The Age" property="og:site_name"/><meta data-rh="true" content="Students could lose marks over VCE exam breach" property="og:title"/><meta data-rh="true" content="https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/vce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal-20241118-p5krgc.html" property="og:url"/><meta data-rh="true" content="noarchive,noodp,index,max-image-preview:large,max-snippet:-1,max-video-preview:-1" name="robots"/><meta data-rh="true" content="summary_large_image" name="twitter:card"/><meta data-rh="true" content="Victoria Curriculum and Assessment Authority boss Kylie White will leave her post immediately, as the education minister revealed early half of VCE exams were affected by the exam paper fiasco." name="twitter:description"/><meta data-rh="true" content="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.1447%2C$multiply_0.7554%2C$ratio_1.776846%2C$width_1059%2C$x_61%2C$y_142/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/t_theage_no_label_no_age_social_wm/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930" name="twitter:image:src"/><meta data-rh="true" content="@theage" name="twitter:site"/><meta data-rh="true" content="Students could lose marks over VCE exam breach" name="twitter:title"/><meta data-rh="true" content="589384154045-p5vk6p2adh6l4p13n8rfjtbsfqu8gbn5.apps.googleusercontent.com" name="google-signin-client_id"/><link data-rh="true" href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/vce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal-20241118-p5krgc.html" rel="canonical"/><link href="/favicons/theage.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon"/><link href="/favicons/theage.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon"/><link href="/apple-touch-icons/theage.png" rel="apple-touch-icon"/></head><body class="" ><noscript><iframe height="0" src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TCMZ2X6" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="Google Tag Manager" width="0"></iframe></noscript><noscript><iframe height="0" src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NBPHP7TX" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="Google Tag Manager" width="0"></iframe></noscript><div id="app"><div aria-atomic="true" aria-live="off" class="_2O3rv" id="page_announcer" tabindex="-1">Students could lose marks over VCE exam breach</div><div></div><div class="_2lciU" role=""><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O idv27" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-exclamation"></use></svg><p>We’re sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. We’re working to restore it. Please try again later.</p><button class="_760Mo">Dismiss</button></div><nav class="RbLp5"><a href="#sections">Skip to sections navigation</a><a href="#content">Skip to content</a><a href="#footer">Skip to footer</a></nav><header class="_21UZG noPrint" data-testid="header"><div class="_2L98J"><div class="_2gsJ0"><ul><li class="PJUwX"><button aria-controls="navigation" aria-expanded="false" class="_1k8VI" data-testid="network-strip">Our network</button></li><li class="_3CYE0"></li></ul></div></div><div class="_31Bug"><div class="h-Jxc"><div class="_2k79Y"><div class="_1hN2k"><button aria-controls="navigation" aria-expanded="false" class="_2g2-4 _2FxXH" data-testid="menu-button" id="sections"><span class="_2Wsmd"><em>Open Navigation</em></span><span class="yHQ5k">Menu</span></button><button aria-label="metro-search" class="_2mFnf"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O _31TpL" focusable="false" height="28px" width="28px"><use xlink:href="#icon-search"></use></svg></button></div><div class="_2FAuv" data-testid="small-logo"><div class="_3uPYr _2qnYw"><a class="_2ABN- _28ZlE" href="/"><h2>The Age</h2></a></div></div><div class="gLolC _2fVGr" data-testid="subscribe-button"><div class="_23XCI"><div id="homepage-header-subscribe-button-piano-id"></div></div></div></div></div></div></header><div class="_3ic7p printOnly"><div class="_3uPYr _2qnYw"><a class="_2ABN- _28ZlE" href="/"><h2>The Age</h2></a></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="_2yAUQ" data-testid="site-menu" id="navigation"><button class="_2dmHA">close</button><form class="_3b67L"><label for="site-search">Search Site</label><input type="search" class="_2q19s" id="site-search" name="query" placeholder="Search" value=""/><input type="submit" class="JaNbC" data-testid="search-submit" value="Search"/></form><ul class="_2fq7t" role="tablist"><li class="rGXdz" role="presentation"><a aria-controls="sections" aria-selected="true" href="#sections" id="navSections" role="tab" tabindex="0">Sections</a></li><li class="" role="presentation"><a aria-selected="false" data-testid="site-menu-network-tab" href="#network" id="navNetwork" role="tab" tabindex="-1">Network</a></li></ul><div class="RTABy"><nav aria-hidden="false" aria-labelledby="navSections" class="rGXdz _2PKwb" data-testid="site-menu-section-nav" role="tabpanel"><div><ul data-testid="site-menu-section-link-group" role="tree"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-home" href="/">Home</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-melbourne" href="/melbourne-news">Melbourne</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-victoria" href="/national/victoria">Victoria</a></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-politics" href="/politics">Politics</a><button aria-controls="subsection-politics" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-politics" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-politics" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-politics-federal" href="/politics/federal">Federal</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-politics-victoria" href="/politics/victoria">Victoria</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-politics-nsw" href="/politics/nsw">NSW</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-politics-queensland" href="/politics/queensland">Queensland</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-politics-western-australia" href="/politics/western-australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-business" href="/business">Business</a><button aria-controls="subsection-business" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-business" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-business" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-business-companies" href="/business/companies">Companies</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-business-markets" href="/business/markets">Markets</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-business-bulls-n&#x27;-bears" href="/business/bullsnbears">Bulls N&#x27; Bears</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-business-the-economy" href="/business/the-economy">The economy</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-business-banking-&amp;-finance" href="/business/banking-and-finance">Banking &amp; finance</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-business-small-business" href="/business/small-business">Small business</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-business-media" href="/topic/media-and-marketing-5z7">Media</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-business-workplace" href="/business/workplace">Workplace</a></li></ul></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-world" href="/world">World</a><button aria-controls="subsection-world" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-world" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-world" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-world-north-america" href="/world/north-america">North America</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-world-europe" href="/world/europe">Europe</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-world-asia" href="/world/asia">Asia</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-world-middle-east" href="/world/middle-east">Middle East</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-world-oceania" href="/world/oceania">Oceania</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-world-south-america" href="/world/south-america">South America</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-world-africa" href="/world/africa">Africa</a></li></ul></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-national" href="/national">National</a><button aria-controls="subsection-national" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-national" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-national" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-national-nsw" href="/national/nsw">NSW</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-national-queensland" href="/national/queensland">Queensland</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-national-western-australia" href="/national/western-australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-opinion" href="/opinion">Opinion</a></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-property" href="/property">Property</a><button aria-controls="subsection-property" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-property" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-property" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-property-news" href="/property/news">News</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-property-domain-magazine" href="/domain-magazine">Domain Magazine</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-property-living" href="/property/living">Living</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-property-auctions" href="/topic/auctions-1nq1">Auctions</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-property-financing" href="/topic/financing-1nq2">Financing</a></li></ul></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport" href="/sport">Sport</a><button aria-controls="subsection-sport" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-sport" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-sport" role="group"><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-afl" href="/sport/afl">AFL</a></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-cricket" href="/sport/cricket">Cricket</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-soccer" href="/sport/soccer">Soccer</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-racing" href="/sport/racing">Racing</a></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-tennis" href="/sport/tennis">Tennis</a></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-nrl" href="/sport/nrl">NRL</a></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-rugby-union" href="/sport/rugby-union">Rugby union</a></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-netball" href="/sport/netball">Netball</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-basketball" href="/sport/basketball">Basketball</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-motorsport" href="/sport/motorsport">Motorsport</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-cycling" href="/sport/cycling">Cycling</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-golf" href="/sport/golf">Golf</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-nfl" href="/sport/nfl">NFL</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-athletics" href="/sport/athletics">Athletics</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-swimming" href="/sport/swimming">Swimming</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sport-boxing" href="/sport/boxing">Boxing</a></li></ul></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-good-food" href="/goodfood">Good Food</a><button aria-controls="subsection-good-food" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-good-food" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-good-food" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-good-food-eating-out" href="/goodfood/melbourne-eating-out">Eating out</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-good-food-recipes" href="/goodfood/recipes">Recipes</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-good-food-tips-&amp;-advice" href="/goodfood/tips-and-advice">Tips &amp; advice</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-good-food-drinks" href="/goodfood/drinks">Drinks</a></li></ul></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture" href="/culture">Culture</a><button aria-controls="subsection-culture" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-culture" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-culture" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-movies" href="/culture/movies">Movies</a></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-tv-&amp;-radio" href="/culture/tv-and-radio">TV &amp; radio</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-music" href="/culture/music">Music</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-celebrity" href="/culture/celebrity">Celebrity</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-books" href="/culture/books">Books</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-comedy" href="/culture/comedy">Comedy</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-dance" href="/culture/dance">Dance</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-musicals" href="/culture/musicals">Musicals</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-opera" href="/culture/opera">Opera</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-theatre" href="/culture/theatre">Theatre</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-art-&amp;-design" href="/culture/art-and-design">Art &amp; design</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-culture-live-reviews" href="/culture/live-reviews">Live reviews</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a href="https://tvguide.theage.com.au" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">TV guide</a></li></ul></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-lifestyle" href="/lifestyle">Lifestyle</a><button aria-controls="subsection-lifestyle" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-lifestyle" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-lifestyle" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-lifestyle-health-&amp;-wellness" href="/lifestyle/health-and-wellness">Health &amp; wellness</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-lifestyle-fashion" href="/lifestyle/fashion">Fashion</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-lifestyle-life-&amp;-relationships" href="/lifestyle/life-and-relationships">Life &amp; relationships</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-lifestyle-beauty" href="/lifestyle/beauty">Beauty</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-lifestyle-style" href="/topic/style-luxury-1nij">Style</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-lifestyle-horoscopes" href="/topic/horoscopes-5yc">Horoscopes</a></li></ul></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-traveller" href="/traveller">Traveller</a><button aria-controls="subsection-traveller" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-traveller" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-traveller" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-traveller-destination-guides" href="/traveller/inspiration/destination-guides">Destination guides</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-traveller-inspiration" href="/traveller/inspiration">Inspiration</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-traveller-reviews-&amp;-advice" href="/traveller/reviews-and-advice">Reviews &amp; advice</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-traveller-travel-news" href="/traveller/travel-news">Travel news</a></li></ul></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-good-weekend" href="/good-weekend">Good Weekend</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-spectrum" href="/topic/spectrum--age-only--1nln">Spectrum</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-sunday-life" href="/sunday-life">Sunday Life</a></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-money" href="/money">Money</a><button aria-controls="subsection-money" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-money" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-money" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-money-super-&amp;-retirement" href="/money/super-and-retirement">Super &amp; retirement</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-money-investing" href="/money/investing">Investing</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-money-banking" href="/money/banking">Banking</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-money-borrowing" href="/money/borrowing">Borrowing</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-money-saving" href="/money/saving">Saving</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-money-tax" href="/money/tax">Tax</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-money-planning-&amp;-budgeting" href="/money/planning-and-budgeting">Planning &amp; budgeting</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-money-insurance" href="/money/insurance">Insurance</a></li></ul></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-education" href="/education">Education</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-healthcare" href="/healthcare">Healthcare</a></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-environment" href="/environment">Environment</a><button aria-controls="subsection-environment" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-environment" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-environment" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-environment-conservation" href="/environment/conservation">Conservation</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-environment-climate-change" href="/environment/climate-change">Climate change</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-environment-sustainability" href="/environment/sustainability">Sustainability</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-environment-weather" href="/environment/weather">Weather</a></li></ul></li><li aria-expanded="false" class="_3kQ2X" role="treeitem"><a id="section-technology" href="/technology">Technology</a><button aria-controls="subsection-technology" aria-expanded="false" class=""><span class="_1KXcO">Show subsections</span><span class="_35a30"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button><ul aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="section-technology" class="_3Nydp" id="subsection-technology" role="group"><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-technology-video-games" href="/technology/video-games">Video games</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-technology-home-tech" href="/topic/home-technology-hqq">Home tech</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-technology-phones" href="/topic/phones-5zt">Phones</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-technology-gadgets" href="/topic/gadgets-hqp">Gadgets</a></li></ul></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a href="http://www.drive.com.au" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Drive</a></li></ul><ul class="Uffnp _375G7" data-testid="site-menu-section-link-group" role="tree"><li><h4>Premium</h4><a class="_3zoNz _3_hLE _252xb _1Amud" data-ffx-event-label="subscribe" data-testid="subscribe-upgrade" href="https://subscribe.theage.com.au/?promote_channel=HI_IL_GNL&amp;utm_source=PremiumIndex&amp;utm_medium=HouseInventory&amp;utm_campaign=General" data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-attribute="menu" data-ffx-event-category="component" data-ffx-hittype="event">Subscribe</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a data-testid="primary-navigation-todays-paper" id="section-today’s-paper" data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-attribute="menu" data-ffx-event-category="component" data-ffx-event-label="todays paper" data-ffx-hittype="event" href="/todays-newspaper"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="24px" width="24px"><use xlink:href="#icon-menu-todays-paper"></use></svg>Today’s Paper</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a data-testid="primary-navigation-goodfood-guide" id="section-good-food-guide" data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-attribute="menu" data-ffx-event-category="component" data-ffx-event-label="goodfood guide" data-ffx-hittype="event" href="/goodfood-guide"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="24px" width="24px"><use xlink:href="#icon-goodfood-guide"></use></svg>Good Food Guide</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-daily-puzzles" title="Daily Puzzles &amp; Crosswords" data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-attribute="menu" data-ffx-event-category="component" data-ffx-event-label="puzzles" data-ffx-hittype="event" href="/puzzles"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="24px" width="24px"><use xlink:href="#icon-menu-crossword"></use></svg>Daily Puzzles</a></li></ul><ul class="Uffnp undefined" data-testid="site-menu-section-link-group" role="tree"><li><h4>More</h4></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-letters" href="/topic/the-age-letters-1rf">Letters</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-editorial" href="/topic/the-age-editorial-1re">Editorial</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a id="section-campus" href="/australia-higher-education">Campus</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-obituaries" href="/topic/obituaries-1qv">Obituaries</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-explainers" href="/topic/explainers-1lz9">Explainers</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-quizzes" href="/topic/quizzes-1qx">Quizzes</a></li><li class="" role="treeitem"><a activeClassName="_22TcS" id="section-podcasts" href="https://podcasts.theage.com.au/?utm_source=Explore&amp;utm_medium=OnSite&amp;utm_campaign=Podcast">Podcasts</a></li></ul></div></nav><nav aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="navNetwork" class="_2PKwb" data-testid="site-menu-network-nav" role="tabpanel"><div class="_2fv33"><ul class="_32aAr" data-testid="site-menu-network-link-group"><li><a href="https://www.smh.com.au">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></li><li><a href="https://www.theage.com.au">The Age</a></li><li><a href="https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au">Brisbane Times</a></li><li><a href="https://www.watoday.com.au">WAtoday</a></li><li><a href="https://www.afr.com">The Australian Financial Review</a></li></ul><ul class="_32aAr" data-testid="site-menu-network-link-group"><li><a href="https://www.domain.com.au">Domain</a></li><li><a href="https://www.commercialrealestate.com.au">Commercial Real Estate</a></li><li><a href="https://www.drive.com.au">Drive</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><main id="content"><div class="_1JART _3ECgH _2TEVJ OK924 KNwOD"><div class="_34z61 _2iGMx"><div class="container"><div class="adWrapper _2UMq- noPrint" data-testid="ad"><small class="_3ToRr">Advertisement</small><div class="_2KSwt" id="adspot-728x90_970x250-pos1-desktop"></div></div></div></div><article class="_2yRSr"><header class="_16lwx _2-5AL"><div class="_2JwnJ"><div class="JwYux"><div class="_2YAR2 _1dnWn"><ul><li class="_3wukJ" data-testid="category"><a title="National" href="/national">National</a></li><li class="_3wukJ" data-testid="category"><a title="Victoria" href="/national/victoria">Victoria</a></li><li class="_1pMb9" data-testid="tag-name"><a title="VCE" href="/topic/vce-63s">VCE</a></li></ul><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https://www.theage.com.au/national","name":"National"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria","name":"Victoria"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://www.theage.com.au/topic/vce-63s","name":"VCE"}}]}</script></div><h1 data-testid="headline" itemProp="headline">Students could lose marks over VCE exam breach</h1></div></div></header><section class="_3OhA4"><div class="_2h56q _2bGxr"><div class="_3J1te"><h5 class="_3-xPQ"><span class="_3pGt1">By </span><span><span data-testid="byline"><a href="/by/caroline-schelle-p536cl" title="Articles by Caroline Schelle">Caroline Schelle</a></span></span></h5><div class="_3xKNx"><span class="_1IjU5">Updated</span> <span class="_2xetH"><time class="_2_zR-" data-testid="datetime" dateTime="2024-11-18T18:50:15+11:00">November 18, 2024 — 6.50pm</time></span><span class="_2tV7D" hidden="">first published <!-- -->at <time class="_2_zR-" data-testid="datetime" dateTime="2024-11-18T11:38:14+11:00">11.38am</time></span></div></div></div><div class="_2CSKo noPrint"><div class="_1KqZ_"><div class="hLTvJ"><button aria-checked="false" aria-describedby="saveTooltip" aria-label="Save article to read later" class="_31ZN0" role="switch" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O _11R7m" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-save"></use></svg><span class="_3-fU6">Save</span></button><div aria-hidden="true" class="_1lwFz uXbxr" id="saveTooltip" role="tooltip"><button>Log in</button>,<!-- --> <a data-testid="login-register" href="https://theage.myfairfax.com.au/channel/4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA/members/signups/new?callback_uri=">register</a> <!-- -->or <a href="https://subscribe.theage.com.au/?promote_channel=HI_HL_GNL">subscribe</a> <!-- -->to save articles for later.</div><div><div aria-hidden="true" class="_1lwFz WUf_a _1pHo1" id="onboardingTooltip" role="tooltip"><h3>Save articles for later</h3><p>Add articles to your saved list and come back to them any time.</p><button class="_2YSi8 _17BTN _3_hLE" data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-category="save onboarding" data-ffx-event-label="got it - part 1" data-ffx-hittype="event">Got it</button></div></div></div><div class="_2Cn91"><div class="_2KkCz"><button class="_30X7v _2-NUy" data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-category="component" data-ffx-event-label="font size normal" data-ffx-event-value="0" data-ffx-hittype="event">Normal text size</button><button class="_3Rq_0" data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-category="component" data-ffx-event-label="font size large" data-ffx-event-value="0" data-ffx-hittype="event">Larger text size</button><button class="_3VkdU" data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-category="component" data-ffx-event-label="font size extra large" data-ffx-event-value="0" data-ffx-hittype="event">Very large text size</button></div></div></div></div></section><section class="_1Rw6X" data-testid="article-body-top"><aside class="_2GZaf"><div class="_1q-_I _3sCHz"><div class="container"><div class="adWrapper _2UMq- noPrint" data-testid="ad"><small class="_3ToRr">Advertisement</small><div class="" id="adspot-160x600_300x250_300x600-pos2-desktop"></div></div></div></div></aside><div class="_1ysFk" data-testid="article-body"><div><div class="_5JLqO"><div class="_1Ld7U" id="beyondwords-player"></div><div class="_3Fhwk" data-testid="showPlayerOverlay"></div></div><div class="_1665V _2q-Vk" data-testid="body-content"><p>Thousands of Victorian students could lose marks on their VCE exams if “anomalies” are found in results linked to the leaking of exam questions on practice tests.</p><p>Education Minister Ben Carroll announced an existing grade-check tool would be used to ensure students were graded fairly and an independent panel would oversee the process.</p><p>Carroll said the process would identify any student who performed significantly above expected levels.</p><p>It comes after Victoria Curriculum and Assessment Authority boss Kylie White resigned following revelations some VCE exam questions had been <a href="/link/follow-20170101-p5kqgt">published online</a> ahead of the tests in “hidden” parts of sample assessments.</p></div><div class="_1lC_G"></div><div class="_1665V _2q-Vk" data-testid="body-content"><p>Carroll said results would be investigated to identify if students had gained advantage from the early publication of the exam questions. “If questions have been identified, then if any student has [been given] an unfair advantage, adjustments will be made to student marks,” he said.</p><p>The minister did not rule out students losing marks if they were found to have gained an advantage on certain questions that were released ahead of the exams.</p><figure class="_3ujPS _3x3-4 RMwbY _2XZQH" data-testid="image"><div aria-label="enlarge image" class="_1lwW_" role="button" tabindex="0"><picture class=""><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcSet="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.265%2C$multiply_0.9788%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_112%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/4864017fe6b0f910df2ad966970ccdeaf10705f2, https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.265%2C$multiply_1.9577%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_112%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_62%2Cf_auto/4864017fe6b0f910df2ad966970ccdeaf10705f2 2x" height="494" width="740"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.265%2C$multiply_1.0159%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_112%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/4864017fe6b0f910df2ad966970ccdeaf10705f2, https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.265%2C$multiply_2.0317%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_112%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_62%2Cf_auto/4864017fe6b0f910df2ad966970ccdeaf10705f2 2x" height="512" width="768"/><img alt="Victoria Curriculum and Assessment Authority boss Kylie White has resigned effective immediately. " loading="lazy" src="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.265%2C$multiply_0.7725%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_112%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/4864017fe6b0f910df2ad966970ccdeaf10705f2" height="390" width="584" srcSet="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.265%2C$multiply_0.7725%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_112%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/4864017fe6b0f910df2ad966970ccdeaf10705f2, https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.265%2C$multiply_1.545%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_112%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_62%2Cf_auto/4864017fe6b0f910df2ad966970ccdeaf10705f2 2x"/></picture></div><figcaption class="_3CZmy"><p><span class="_2Li3P">Victoria Curriculum and Assessment Authority boss Kylie White has resigned effective immediately. </span><cite class="ojLwA"><span class="_30ROC">Credit: </span>Nine</cite></p></figcaption></figure><p>“There are a range of options that are on the table as part of our robust process we put in place, one is invalidating that question, taking marks off or indeed awarding all students the full marks for that question,” he said.</p><p>He also confirmed nearly half of VCE exams were affected in the breach.</p></div></div></div></section><div class="_1FVfK"><div class="container"><div class="adWrapper _2UMq- noPrint" data-testid="ad"><small class="_3ToRr">Advertisement</small><div class="" id="adspot-728x90_970x250-pos3-desktop"></div></div></div></div><section class="vPaWe" data-testid="article-body-bottom"><div class="_1ysFk"><div><div class="_1665V _2q-Vk" data-testid="body-content"><div class="ymInT _3uJpn _3by58 noPrint"><span class="_2wzgv D5idv _3lVFK"><span class="_29Qt8"></span><span class="_3qqDc">Loading</span></span></div><p>Carroll said that in a few cases, only one to two multiple choice questions were published and there were no cases where the full exams were published.</p><p>Former VCAA boss John Firth would lead the expert panel to implement the process to look at exam results.</p><p>“There [is] other data available to us to make sure that we can, case by case, subject by subject, look at the students marks and make sure no student has been disadvantaged or advantaged by access to the previously published material,” Firth said.</p><p>However, he said he didn’t want to pre-empt docking marks.</p></div><div class="_1lC_G"></div><div class="_1665V _2q-Vk" data-testid="body-content"><p>“If, say, a multiple choice question worth one mark performed inconsistently with the rest of the paper, then you could take that mark off or ignore that question,” he said.</p><p>Firth said the panel had access to “high quality, reliable data”, such as students’ results in other exams, how they compared to other students and their performance on other questions contained in affected exams.</p><figure class="_3ujPS _3x3-4 RMwbY _2XZQH" data-testid="image"><div aria-label="enlarge image" class="_1lwW_" role="button" tabindex="0"><picture class=""><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcSet="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.151%2C$multiply_0.9788%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_277/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/4e934cba352357a606320224f33a3be32a2fa4d4, https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.151%2C$multiply_1.9577%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_277/t_crop_custom/q_62%2Cf_auto/4e934cba352357a606320224f33a3be32a2fa4d4 2x" height="494" width="740"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.151%2C$multiply_1.0159%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_277/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/4e934cba352357a606320224f33a3be32a2fa4d4, https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.151%2C$multiply_2.0317%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_277/t_crop_custom/q_62%2Cf_auto/4e934cba352357a606320224f33a3be32a2fa4d4 2x" height="512" width="768"/><img alt="Education Minister Ben Carroll apologised to VCE students for the impact the debacle had on them." loading="lazy" src="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.151%2C$multiply_0.7725%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_277/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/4e934cba352357a606320224f33a3be32a2fa4d4" height="390" width="584" srcSet="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.151%2C$multiply_0.7725%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_277/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/4e934cba352357a606320224f33a3be32a2fa4d4, https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.151%2C$multiply_1.545%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_277/t_crop_custom/q_62%2Cf_auto/4e934cba352357a606320224f33a3be32a2fa4d4 2x"/></picture></div><figcaption class="_3CZmy"><p><span class="_2Li3P">Education Minister Ben Carroll apologised to VCE students for the impact the debacle had on them.</span><cite class="ojLwA"><span class="_30ROC">Credit: </span>Justin McManus</cite></p></figcaption></figure><p>“We’re not shooting in the dark here. There is plenty of evidence and plenty of material available for us to analyse.”</p><p>Carroll said White had resigned as chief executive at the weekend. Victorian Academy of Teaching and Leadership chief Dr Marcia Devlin will replace her in an interim capacity.</p></div><div class="_1lC_G"></div><div class="_1665V _2q-Vk" data-testid="body-content"><p>The opposition education spokeswoman Jess Wilson said the minister was complicit in a cover-up, after revealing last week he was aware of the breaches in October.</p><p>“The minister has known from mid-October that VCE exams have been compromised … many of them substantially compromised, putting so many Victorian students who worked hard for years disadvantaged,” she said.</p><div class="_6ebFV noPrint"><div class="_15gOL AkZ3C"><iframe class="_16-Dw AkZ3C LntZY" data-testid="embed-iframe" frameBorder="0" height="157" data-src="https://www.smh.com.au/interactive/modules/autoplay-video-loop/live/index.html?resizable=true&amp;v=107&amp;configUrl=https://www.smh.com.au/interactive/hub/configs/video-loop/36843.json&amp;v=0.3505005382573785" title="Embedded iFrame"></iframe></div></div><p>She wanted the government to back the opposition’s push for the ombudsman to investigate the debacle. Wilson also questioned how it would be possible for authorities to differentiate between students who had an advantage after seeing questions on sample cover sheets, and those who studied hard.</p><p>“This is the problem, now we’re talking about potentially taking marks off students without any proof they’ve actually done anything wrong, and let’s be clear no student has done anything wrong,” she said.</p></div><div class="_1lC_G"></div><div class="_1665V _2q-Vk" data-testid="body-content"><div class="ymInT _3uJpn _3by58 noPrint"><span class="_2wzgv D5idv _3lVFK"><span class="_29Qt8"></span><span class="_3qqDc">Loading</span></span></div><p>However, Carroll earlier said the authority had previously reassured him that questions in affected exams had been rewritten.</p><p>“To be provided reassurances that have turned out to be false is deeply unsatisfactory,” he said.</p><p>But schools have also been blindsided. Victorian Association of State Secondary Principals president Colin Axup said schools were left in the dark about the process until after the press conference on Monday.</p><p>“Principals and staff and schools have been dealing with the fallout without support or clear direction from the VCAA,” he said, adding that they welcomed the grade-check process.</p></div><div class="_1lC_G"></div><div class="_1665V _2q-Vk" data-testid="body-content"><p>“It’s been used before, so, if you like, we have a measure of confidence in that process, but it’s the best approach given the circumstances.”</p><p>Independent Schools Victoria said it remained to be seen if the process would restore confidence in the exam and curriculum body.</p><figure class="_3ujPS _3x3-4 RMwbY _2XZQH" data-testid="image"><div aria-label="enlarge image" class="_1lwW_" role="button" tabindex="0"><picture class=""><source media="(min-width: 1024px)" srcSet="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.092%2C$multiply_0.9788%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930, https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.092%2C$multiply_1.9577%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_62%2Cf_auto/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930 2x" height="494" width="740"/><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.092%2C$multiply_1.0159%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930, https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.092%2C$multiply_2.0317%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_62%2Cf_auto/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930 2x" height="512" width="768"/><img alt="Students and teachers are demanding to know how the compromised exams will be marked." loading="lazy" src="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.092%2C$multiply_0.7725%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930" height="390" width="584" srcSet="https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.092%2C$multiply_0.7725%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_86%2Cf_auto/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930, https://static.ffx.io/images/$zoom_0.092%2C$multiply_1.545%2C$ratio_1.5%2C$width_756%2C$x_0%2C$y_0/t_crop_custom/q_62%2Cf_auto/ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930 2x"/></picture></div><figcaption class="_3CZmy"><p><span class="_2Li3P">Students and teachers are demanding to know how the compromised exams will be marked.</span><cite class="ojLwA"><span class="_30ROC">Credit: </span>Joe Armao</cite></p></figcaption></figure><p>“School communities have well-founded concerns that some students have been advantaged, and others disadvantaged, by this failure,” chief executive Rachel Holthouse said.</p><p>“Confidence has been further eroded by a lack of candour on the part of the VCAA when it became aware of the leak.”</p></div><div class="_1lC_G"></div><div class="_1665V _2q-Vk" data-testid="body-content"><p>She said the authority must provide clear and prompt answers to questions that principals were raising about the assumptions, guidelines and procedures applied in assessing exam papers in “extraordinary circumstances”.</p><p><b><i><b>Start the day with a summary of the day’s most important and interesting stories, analysis and insights. <a href="/link/follow-20170101-p57ogt">Sign up for our Morning Edition newsletter</a>.</b></i></b></p></div></div><div class="noPrint"><div></div><div></div></div><div id="embedded-feedback"></div><div class="_22FRK _2spQv"><section class="aKWhn noPrint" id="endOfArticle"><div class="dLGbc"><div class="hLTvJ"><button aria-checked="false" aria-describedby="saveTooltip" aria-label="Save article to read later" class="_31ZN0" role="switch" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O _11R7m" focusable="false" height="1em" width="1em"><use xlink:href="#icon-save"></use></svg><span class="_3-fU6">Save</span></button><div aria-hidden="true" class="_1lwFz uXbxr" id="saveTooltip" role="tooltip"><button>Log in</button>,<!-- --> <a data-testid="login-register" href="https://theage.myfairfax.com.au/channel/4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA/members/signups/new?callback_uri=">register</a> <!-- -->or <a href="https://subscribe.theage.com.au/?promote_channel=HI_HL_GNL">subscribe</a> <!-- -->to save articles for later.</div></div><div class="_8Cum8"><a class="_4oUp_" href="https://professional.licensing-publishing.nine.com.au/C.aspx?VP3=CMS3&amp;VF=FXJFXT_3">License this article</a></div><div class="ZFgNO"><ul class="_3Nz34"><li><a class="_2Tz1_" href="/topic/vce-63s">VCE</a></li><li><a class="_2Tz1_" href="/topic/schools-1lzt">Schools</a></li><li><a class="_2Tz1_" href="/education">Education</a></li></ul></div></div></section><div class="_2Cg_3"><div class="iQMz1" hidden=""><div class="_1Oml5"><a class="_3NFLJ" title="Articles by Caroline Schelle" href="/by/caroline-schelle-p536cl">Caroline Schelle</a> is an education reporter, and joined The Age in 2022. She previously covered courts at AAP.<span class="_11p0O">Connect via <a href="//twitter.com/carolineschelle?lang=en" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Twitter</a> or <a href="mailto:caroline.schelle@theage.com.au">email</a>.</span></div></div></div><div class="noPrint"><section aria-busy="true" aria-live="polite" class="_2zaYr n422E" style="height:380px"><header class="_2qhpu"><h2 class="_2qhpu">Most Viewed in National</h2></header><div class="_29X_Z"><span class="_2wzgv D5idv _3lVFK"><span class="_29Qt8"></span><span class="_3qqDc">Loading</span></span></div></section></div></div></div><aside class="_1ki1P noPrint"><div class="_2MFEO"><div class="_3DvAw noPrint" id="articlePartnerStories"><h3>From our partners</h3><div class="adWrapper _2lnjx"><div class="_2Tsxq" data-testid="sponsored-story-tile" id="adspot-native-6x2-pos1-desktop"><div class="_2bMG3"><div class="_1vxqb"><svg role="img" aria-labelledby="Loading 3rd party ad content" viewBox="0 0 206 116" preserveAspectRatio="none" ltr="true"><title>Loading 3rd party ad content</title><rect x="0" y="0" width="206" height="116" clip-path="url(#akhhzwvbnhi)" style="fill:url(#cyg83z0o8bt)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="akhhzwvbnhi"><rect height="116" rx="0" ry="0" width="206" x="0" y="4"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="cyg83z0o8bt"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f6f6f6" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="-2; -2; 1" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#f0f0f0" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="-1; -1; 2" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#f6f6f6" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="0; 0; 3" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div><div class="he87U"><svg role="img" style="height:100px;width:100%" aria-labelledby="Loading 3rd party ad content" viewBox="0 0 360 100" preserveAspectRatio="none" ltr="true"><title>Loading 3rd party ad content</title><rect x="0" y="0" width="360" height="100" clip-path="url(#4n6h7p89jrj)" style="fill:url(#d8exezn0de)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="4n6h7p89jrj"><rect height="14" rx="2" ry="2" width="90" x="0" y="4"></rect><rect class="cH9H_" height="18" rx="2" ry="2" width="90%" x="0" y="34"></rect><rect class="_9d-2y" height="18" rx="2" ry="2" width="80%" x="0" y="56"></rect><rect class="_1k_M1" height="18" rx="2" ry="2" width="70%" x="0" y="78"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="d8exezn0de"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f6f6f6" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="-2; -2; 1" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#f0f0f0" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="-1; -1; 2" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#f6f6f6" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="0; 0; 3" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div></div></div></div><div class="adWrapper _2lnjx"><div class="_1GUN5" data-testid="sponsored-story-tile" id="adspot-native-6x2-pos2-desktop"><div class="_2bMG3"><div class="_1vxqb"><svg role="img" aria-labelledby="Loading 3rd party ad content" viewBox="0 0 206 116" preserveAspectRatio="none" ltr="true"><title>Loading 3rd party ad content</title><rect x="0" y="0" width="206" height="116" clip-path="url(#u9c81sqhc7)" style="fill:url(#tvmf531j5n7)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="u9c81sqhc7"><rect height="116" rx="0" ry="0" width="206" x="0" y="4"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="tvmf531j5n7"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f6f6f6" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="-2; -2; 1" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#f0f0f0" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="-1; -1; 2" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#f6f6f6" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="0; 0; 3" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div><div class="he87U"><svg role="img" style="height:100px;width:100%" aria-labelledby="Loading 3rd party ad content" viewBox="0 0 360 100" preserveAspectRatio="none" ltr="true"><title>Loading 3rd party ad content</title><rect x="0" y="0" width="360" height="100" clip-path="url(#chwwiuilfkt)" style="fill:url(#zk1b5irper)"></rect><defs><clipPath id="chwwiuilfkt"><rect height="14" rx="2" ry="2" width="90" x="0" y="4"></rect><rect class="cH9H_" height="18" rx="2" ry="2" width="90%" x="0" y="34"></rect><rect class="_9d-2y" height="18" rx="2" ry="2" width="80%" x="0" y="56"></rect><rect class="_1k_M1" height="18" rx="2" ry="2" width="70%" x="0" y="78"></rect></clipPath><linearGradient id="zk1b5irper"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="#f6f6f6" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="-2; -2; 1" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop><stop offset="50%" stop-color="#f0f0f0" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="-1; -1; 2" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop><stop offset="100%" stop-color="#f6f6f6" stop-opacity="1"><animate attributeName="offset" values="0; 0; 3" keyTimes="0; 0.25; 1" dur="2s" repeatCount="indefinite"></animate></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div></div></div></div></div><div class="_1R0g5"><div class="sticky-outer-wrapper"><div class="sticky-inner-wrapper" style="position:relative;top:0px"><div class="container"><div class="adWrapper _2UMq- noPrint" data-testid="ad"><small class="_3ToRr">Advertisement</small><div class="" id="adspot-160x600_300x250_300x600-pos4-desktop"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></aside></section></article><div class="noPrint"><div><div class="videoPlayerLoader"></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="y77aF noPrint" data-testid="footer" id="footer"><div class="_39_V0"><div class="_3uPYr _2AynF"><a class="_2ABN- _28ZlE" href="/"><h2>The Age</h2></a></div><ul class="_2tZpI" data-testid="footer-socials"><li><a data-testid="footer-socials-link" href="https://twitter.com/theage" rel=" noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span>Twitter</span><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="24px" width="24px"><use xlink:href="#icon-twitter"></use></svg></a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-socials-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/theageAustralia" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span>Facebook</span><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="24px" width="24px"><use xlink:href="#icon-facebook"></use></svg></a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-socials-link" href="https://www.instagram.com/theageaustralia" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span>Instagram</span><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="24px" width="24px"><use xlink:href="#icon-instagram"></use></svg></a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-socials-link" href="/rssheadlines" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span>RSS</span><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="24px" width="24px"><use xlink:href="#icon-rss"></use></svg></a></li></ul><section class="_2cb-t"><nav class="_3WLzB" data-testid="footer-link-group"><h3 class="_2_Vga"><button class="_3amNM _17muu"><span class="_2g7Mb" data-testid="footer-link-group-heading">Our Sites</span><span class="_2hufO"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="12px"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button></h3><ul aria-expanded="false" class="_2q5mS" role="region"><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.theage.com.au">The Age</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.smh.com.au">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au">Brisbane Times</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.watoday.com.au">WAtoday</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.afr.com">The Australian Financial Review</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.domain.com.au">Domain</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.drive.com.au">Drive</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="_3WLzB" data-testid="footer-link-group"><h3 class="_2_Vga"><button class="_3amNM _17muu"><span class="_2g7Mb" data-testid="footer-link-group-heading">Classifieds</span><span class="_2hufO"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="12px"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button></h3><ul aria-expanded="false" class="_2q5mS" role="region"><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="http://tributes.theage.com.au/obituaries/theage-au/">Tributes</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="http://celebrations.theage.com.au/celebration/theage-au/">Celebrations</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://advertisers.com.au">Place your ad</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.commercialrealestate.com.au">Commercial Real Estate</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="_3WLzB" data-testid="footer-link-group"><h3 class="_2_Vga"><button class="_3amNM _17muu"><span class="_2g7Mb" data-testid="footer-link-group-heading">The Age</span><span class="_2hufO"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="12px"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button></h3><ul aria-expanded="false" class="_2q5mS" role="region"><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="/contact-us">Contact &amp; support</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.nineforbrands.com.au/advertising-enquiries/">Advertise with us</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://theage.myfairfax.com.au/members/lite_session/new?callback_uri=https%3A%2F%2Ftheage.myfairfax.com.au%2Fbeta%2Fmembers%2Fmy_account%2Fnewsletters%3Fchannel_key%3D4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA%26callback_uri%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.theage.com.au&amp;channel_key=4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA">Newsletters</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="/siteguide/accessibility">Accessibility guide</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="/siteguide">Sitemap</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://consumer.licensing-publishing.nine.com.au">Photo sales</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://thestore.com.au/products/custom-front-page">Purchase front pages</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://professional.licensing-publishing.nine.com.au">Content licensing</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://ninecareers.com.au/">Work with us</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://login.nine.com.au/terms?client_id=theage">Terms of use</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://login.nine.com.au/privacy?client_id=theage">Privacy policy</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.presscouncil.org.au/what-we-do">Press Council</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="/nine-publishing-charter-of-editorial-independence">Charter of Editorial Independence</a></li></ul></nav><nav class="_3WLzB" data-testid="footer-link-group"><h3 class="_2_Vga"><button class="_3amNM _17muu"><span class="_2g7Mb" data-testid="footer-link-group-heading">Products &amp; Services</span><span class="_2hufO"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="QMY9O" focusable="false" height="1em" width="12px"><use xlink:href="#icon-arrowsdown"></use></svg></span></button></h3><ul aria-expanded="false" class="_2q5mS" role="region"><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://subscribe.theage.com.au/?promote_channel=HI_FL_GNL">Subscription packages</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.theage.com.au/myaccount">My account</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://help.theage.com.au/hc/en-au">Subscriber FAQs</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-link" href="https://www.theage.com.au/status">Delivery status</a></li><li><a data-testid="footer-todays-paper" data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-attribute="footer" data-ffx-event-category="component" data-ffx-event-label="todays paper" data-ffx-hittype="event" href="/todays-newspaper">Today’s Paper</a></li><li><a data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-attribute="footer" data-ffx-event-category="component" data-ffx-event-label="goodfood guide" data-ffx-hittype="event" data-testid="footer-link" href="/goodfood-guide">Good Food Guide</a></li><li><a title="Daily Puzzles &amp; Crosswords" data-ffx-event-action="cta click" data-ffx-event-attribute="footer" data-ffx-event-category="component" data-ffx-event-label="puzzles" data-ffx-hittype="event" data-testid="footer-link" href="/puzzles">Daily Puzzles</a></li></ul></nav></section><div class="_1U4cI"><p>Copyright © <!-- -->2024</p><div class="_1Z25A"><a class="_39qXI" href="https://subscribe.theage.com.au/?promote_channel=HI_FL_GNL">Subscribe</a></div></div></div></footer></div><script>window.GLOBAL_VARIABLES = JSON.parse("{\"ADKIT_URL\":\"https://adkit.9pub.io/2.1.0\",\"AD_VENDOR_SCRIPT_LOAD_URL\":\"https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js\",\"API\":{\"DOMAIN\":\"api.ffx.io\"},\"APP_VERSION\":\"1.1043.0\",\"AUTH_API\":{\"TIMEOUT\":\"5000\",\"URL\":\"https://api.platform.ink\"},\"BEYONDWORDS\":{\"PROJECT_ID\":\"34967\"},\"brand\":{\"canonicalShortSiteNamesWithHttpsSupport\":\"brisbanetimes,smh,theage\",\"city\":\"Melbourne\",\"postcode\":\"3000\",\"hagridEndpoint\":\"https://theage.myfairfax.com.au\",\"image\":{\"height\":\"628\",\"url\":\"https://www.theage.com.au/theage.png\",\"width\":\"1200\"},\"longSiteName\":\"The Age\",\"shortSiteName\":\"theage\",\"copyrightName\":\"TAG\",\"social\":{\"facebook\":{\"appID\":\"230318243699378\",\"clientToken\":\"8ee35760123d73113c8358f774898d2a\",\"pages\":\"119817336421,108603349088,144226982353442,1512741838937542,353068424784135,468598989986151,941917672546382,1618026928452148,492499720777787\",\"site\":\"https://www.facebook.com/theageAustralia\"},\"instagram\":\"https://www.instagram.com/theageaustralia\",\"twitter\":{\"site\":\"https://twitter.com/theage\",\"user\":\"@theage\"}},\"subscription\":{\"url\":\"https://subscribe.theage.com.au/?promote_channel=HI_HL_GNL\"},\"timeZone\":\"Australia/Melbourne\"},\"BRIGHTCOVE\":{\"ACCOUNT_ID\":\"3910869709001\",\"PLAYER_ID\":\"HylmeNWLjl\"},\"BUSINESS_WIDGET_SPONSOR_URL\":\"https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackclk/N7118.4053534NINEAU/B29993178.368494322;dc_trk_aid=559613476;dc_trk_cid=166608199;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=;dc_tdv=1\",\"CHUNK_MANIFEST_FETCH_THRESHOLD_MINUTES\":\"30\",\"COMMENTS_API\":\"https://api.ffx.io/api/comments\",\"COMMENTS_METRO_API_URL\":\"https://comments-publishing.nine.com.au\",\"CONTENT_API\":{\"TIMEOUT\":\"10000\",\"URL\":\"https://api.theage.com.au\"},\"COOKIES\":{\"MAX_LENGTH\":\"4096\",\"PRESERVE\":\"ffx:socialLoginProvider,digital-edition-access,afx_profile,afx_profile_da_hs,afx_profile_hs\"},\"DEPLOY_ENV\":\"production\",\"DGAM\":{\"ID\":\"133009657\",\"VIDEO_CONTENT_SOURCE_ID\":\"2667286\"},\"ELECTION_ID_FEDERAL_2022\":\"ZWxlY3Rpb246IjEi\",\"ELECTION_NAME_VICTORIA_2018\":\"Victorian State Election 2018\",\"ELECTION_NAME_VICTORIA_2022\":\"Victorian State Election 2022\",\"ELECTION_NAME_NSW_2019\":\"NSW State Election 2019\",\"ELECTION_NAME_NSW_2023\":\"NSW State Election 2023\",\"experiments\":{\"enabled\":\"true\",\"simpleMode\":\"true\",\"simpleModeAllocationInlinePaywall\":\"0.1\"},\"FRONT_API\":{\"TIMEOUT\":\"10000\",\"URL\":\"https://api.theage.com.au/graphql\",\"URL_AUDIENCE\":\"https://api.theage.com.au/api/content-audience/metro/graphql\"},\"GOOGLE_ANALYTICS\":{\"CONTAINER_ID\":\"GTM-TCMZ2X6\",\"PROPENSITY_ID\":\"4391826\"},\"GOOGLE_ACCOUNT_LINKING\":{\"CLIENT_ID\":\"d3807316a01fa3515cb1b3f75162511e\",\"PROJECT_ID\":\"age-social-login-prod-env\"},\"GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY\":\"AIzaSyAyesbQMyKVVbBgKVi2g6VX7mop2z96jBo\",\"HOME_PAGE_REFRESH_COOKIE_MAX_AGE\":\"0.0007\",\"HOME_PAGE_REFRESH_COOKIE_NAME\":\"autoRefresh\",\"HOME_PAGE_REFRESH_TIMEOUT\":\"300000\",\"IDENTIFICATION\":{\"ACCOUNT_BILLING_URL\":\"https://theage.myfairfax.com.au/beta/members/my_account/billing_details?ret_nt=true&channel_key=4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA\",\"ACCOUNT_DETAILS_URL\":\"https://theage.myfairfax.com.au/beta/members/my_account?channel_key=4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA\",\"DEVICE_ID_STORAGE_NAME\":\"ffxDeviceID\",\"FORGOTTEN_PASSWORD_URL\":\"https://theage.myfairfax.com.au/members/password/forget_password?callback_uri=<REPLACE_ME>&channel_key=4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA\",\"MEMBER_DETAILS_STORAGE_NAME\":\"ffx-member-details\",\"MEMBER_LOGGED_OUT_STORAGE_NAME\":\"ffx-member-logged-out\",\"NINE_UID_STORAGE_NAME\":\"NUID\",\"REGISTRATION_URL\":\"https://theage.myfairfax.com.au/channel/4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA/members/signups/new?callback_uri=<REPLACE_ME>\"},\"IMAGE_RENDITION_URL_PREFIX\":\"https://static.ffx.io/images\",\"LAZYLOAD_AD\":{\"FETCH_MARGIN\":\"3\",\"MOBILE_SCALING\":{\"ARTICLE\":\"1.25\",\"HOMEPAGE\":\"2\"},\"RENDER_MARGIN\":\"1\"},\"LOCALSTORAGE_CLEANER\":{\"CLEAN_LIST\":\"snowplowOutQueue_\",\"MAX_SIZE\":\"512000\"},\"LOGGING_MINIMUM_LOG_LEVEL\":\"error\",\"LOGGING_SOURCE\":\"render-web\",\"LOGGING_URL\":\"https://l.ffx.io\",\"MARKETING_CONVERSION_TAGS\":{\"BING_CONVERSION_ID\":\"4010840\",\"FACEBOOK_CONVERSION_ID\":\"987117307987958\",\"GOOGLE_FLOODLIGHT_CONVERSION_ID\":\"6639541\"},\"MAX_PAGE_VIEW_BEFORE_RELOAD\":10,\"MEMBER_AUTH_API\":{\"TIMEOUT\":\"5000\",\"URL\":\"https://api.theage.com.au\"},\"NEWSLETTER_API\":{\"CHANNEL_KEY\":\"4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA\",\"ID\":\"44\",\"LOGIN_CALLBACK_URL\":\"https://theage.myfairfax.com.au\",\"LOGOUT_CALLBACK_URL\":\"https://www.theage.com.au\",\"SIGNUP_CHANNEL_KEY\":\"4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA\",\"TIMEOUT\":\"20000\",\"URL\":\"https://theage.myfairfax.com.au\"},\"NINE_NOW_API\":{\"TIMEOUT\":\"5000\",\"URL\":\"https://api.9now.com.au\"},\"NINE_SSO\":{\"LOGIN_SERVICE_URL\":\"https://login.nine.com.au\"},\"NIELSEN\":{\"BRAND\":{\"APPID\":\"P217595B8-BA73-49E3-9031-DE37DED53230\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-brand only\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - Homepage\",\"VCID\":\"b12\"},\"BUSINESS\":{\"APPID\":\"P5454B2A7-7588-4525-875D-4256D88740EA\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-business\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - Business\",\"VCID\":\"c01\"},\"CULTURE\":{\"APPID\":\"PB99456B6-2B0A-47C4-8BA8-14264CE89060\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-culture\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - Culture\",\"VCID\":\"c02\"},\"ENTERTAINMENT\":{\"APPID\":\"PB99456B6-2B0A-47C4-8BA8-14264CE89060\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-entertainment\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - Entertainment\",\"VCID\":\"c02\"},\"ENVIRONMENT\":{\"APPID\":\"PD54909DC-3D4C-440C-9135-621A1CBF40A3\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-environment\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - News\",\"VCID\":\"c303\"},\"GOODWEEKEND\":{\"APPID\":\"PDB9D9637-7DB0-439F-A6E0-7E8215FD3D38\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-goodweekend\",\"VCID\":\"c122\"},\"LIFESTYLE\":{\"APPID\":\"P66C140E5-F629-42F1-BE79-0AE31DE52482\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-lifestyle\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - Lifestyle\",\"VCID\":\"c03\"},\"MONEY\":{\"APPID\":\"P61D18132-722F-4AFF-B33F-CCEF8E3ECC24\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-money\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - Money\",\"VCID\":\"c302\"},\"NATIONAL\":{\"APPID\":\"P216331A5-53CC-47D0-A375-0886661FED31\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-national\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - News\",\"VCID\":\"c305\"},\"POLITICS\":{\"APPID\":\"PA149DD65-41F2-4020-ACB6-4FDF2F4A4A29\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-politics\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - News\",\"VCID\":\"c304\"},\"PROPERTY\":{\"APPID\":\"PF5073599-31A3-4F8A-98F7-B83D5B444D71\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-property\",\"SEGB\":\"DR Combined\",\"VCID\":\"c285\"},\"SPORT\":{\"APPID\":\"PDE373ED5-8E9E-4862-B290-6F005B7E972F\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-sport\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - Sport\",\"VCID\":\"c04\"},\"TECHNOLOGY\":{\"APPID\":\"PD65FFB7C-7F78-4EB5-906D-F6663776C0F1\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-technology\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - Technology\",\"VCID\":\"c05\"},\"TV\":{\"APPID\":\"PA4D74791-D5AE-48C7-B0A3-1BF23DCFA6A8\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-tv\",\"VCID\":\"c62\"},\"WORLD\":{\"APPID\":\"P9DE16885-9A7E-45AC-BB7E-29461D31EEDB\",\"ASN\":\"theage.com.au-world\",\"SEGB\":\"The Age - News\",\"VCID\":\"c306\"}},\"PAGESUITE\":{\"AUTH_URL\":\"https://auth-edition.theage.com.au\",\"DIGITAL_EDITIONS\":{},\"DOMAIN_MAGAZINE\":{\"GUID\":\"2ec24694-418d-40ef-926f-84f7b0fa861f\",\"SHORTCODE\":\"THE965\"},\"GOODFOOD_GUIDE\":{\"GUID\":\"403f7565-af91-4e89-b466-f18e1769732d\",\"SHORTCODE\":\"THE965\"},\"TODAYS_PAPER\":{\"GUID\":\"ed0b935a-fb91-4a54-959f-eaabdbc37830\",\"SHORTCODE\":\"THE965\"},\"URL\":\"https://edition.theage.com.au\"},\"PAGE_BUILDER\":{\"ENABLED\":false,\"SCRIPT\":null,\"VARIABLES\":{\"AUTHOR_PROFILE_URL\":null,\"BRAND_NAME\":\"theage\",\"CONTENT_API_TIMEOUT\":\"5000\",\"CONTENT_API_URL\":null,\"DEPLOY_ENV\":null,\"EDITORIAL_TOOLS_HOST\":null,\"FRONT_API_URL\":null,\"FRONT_INTERNAL_API_URL\":null,\"FRONT_INTERNAL_API_WS_URL\":null,\"IMAGES_URL\":null,\"IMAGE_RENDITION_URL_PREFIX\":\"https://static.ffx.io/images\",\"INDICATOR_ENV\":null,\"MEDIA_API_URL\":null,\"LOGGING_MINIMUM_LOG_LEVEL\":\"error\",\"LOGGING_URL\":\"https://l.ffx.io\",\"NEWSROOMS\":null,\"NEWSROOM_ID\":null,\"NOTIFICATIONS_URL\":null,\"PLANNING_URL\":null,\"SNOWPLOW_ENDPOINT\":\"i.ffx.io\",\"STYLEGUIDE_URL\":null,\"TAG_URL\":null,\"TIMEZONE\":null,\"VIDEO_URL\":null,\"WIRES_URL\":null,\"WP_URL\":null}},\"PAYWALL\":{\"APP_ACCESS_PREMIUM_SUB_STORAGE_NAME\":\"appSubReader\",\"APP_ACCESS_STORAGE_NAME\":\"appReader\",\"APP_ACCESS_SUB_STORAGE_NAME\":\"appSubReader\",\"COUNT_STORAGE_NAME\":\"paywallCount\",\"COUNTED_ASSETS_STORAGE_NAME\":\"paywallCountedAssets\",\"ENABLED\":\"true\",\"METERED_COUNT_STORAGE_NAME\":\"meteredAssetCount\",\"METERED_COUNTED_ASSETS_STORAGE_NAME\":\"meteredCountedAssets\",\"MONTHLY_ROLLOVER_DATE_DAYS\":30,\"REFERRER_COUNT_STORAGE_NAME\":\"paywallReferrerCount\",\"REFERRER_DOMAIN_STORAGE_EXPIRES_HOURS\":1,\"REFERRER_DOMAIN_STORAGE_NAME\":\"paywallReferrerDomain\",\"REFERRER_ROLLOVER_DATE_DAYS\":1,\"RESET_REGISTRATION_PAYWALL_STORAGE_NAME\":\"resetRegistrationPaywall\",\"SILENT_METERING\":\"false\"},\"PIANO\":{\"CXENSE_SITE_ID\":\"5856171101562569191\",\"ENDPOINT\":\"https://buy-au.piano.io/api/v3\",\"ID\":\"Jt36gy4Tpa\",\"IS_SANDBOX\":\"false\"},\"SIMPLE_REACH\":{\"PID\":\"54c16760371c84291c00014e\",\"URL\":\"https://d8rk54i4mohrb.cloudfront.net/js/reach.js\"},\"SNOWPLOW\":{\"ALIB_ENDPOINT\":\"t.theage.com.au\",\"APPID\":\"theage-web\",\"ENDPOINT\":\"i.ffx.io\",\"SCHEMA\":\"iglu:au.com.fairfaxmedia/metadata/jsonschema/1-0-7\",\"TRACKER\":\"ffx\",\"URL\":\"//d2uhnetoehh304.cloudfront.net/2.18.2/sp.js\"},\"SUBSCRIPTION_NOTIFICATIONS\":{\"SESSION_EXPIRY_IN_MS\":1800000},\"swgConfig\":{\"clientId\":\"589384154045-p5vk6p2adh6l4p13n8rfjtbsfqu8gbn5.apps.googleusercontent.com\",\"enabled\":\"true\",\"premiumProductId\":\"theage.com.au:alldigital\",\"productId\":\"theage.com.au:webonly\",\"sku\":\"monthly_webbasic_y23\",\"upgradeSku\":\"monthly_webonly,monthly_webbasic_y22,monthly_webbasic_y23,monthly_google_news,monthly_googlenews_y22,monthly_googlenews_y23\"},\"TODAYS_PAPER\":\"true\",\"PLATFORM\":\"BROWSER\"}");</script><script>window.INITIAL_STATE = JSON.parse("{\"accountPreferences\":{\"autoplay\":null,\"isLoaded\":false,\"isLoading\":false},\"analytics\":{\"data\":{\"assetId\":\"p5krgc\",\"category\":[\"National\",\"Victoria\"],\"type\":\"article\"},\"event\":\"loadAsset\"},\"app\":{\"appMounted\":false,\"totalPageView\":1},\"article\":{\"externalReferral\":null,\"fontSize\":\"normal\"},\"articleRendering\":{\"isTruncatedView\":false},\"assetsPagination\":{\"assets\":[],\"isLoading\":false,\"pageInfo\":{\"hasNextPage\":false}},\"comments\":{\"asset\":null,\"isDirectLoad\":false,\"isEntered\":false,\"isScrolling\":false,\"isVisible\":false},\"crosswords\":{\"crossword\":null,\"summary\":null},\"dataLayerHybrid\":{\"isReady\":false,\"updateCause\":{\"breakpointChanged\":false,\"initialLoad\":false,\"urlChanged\":false,\"userChanged\":false,\"refreshFinishes\":false,\"showingMoreLiveArticle\":false}},\"delivery\":{\"data\":{}},\"election\":{\"electorates\":null,\"partyVotes\":null,\"seatsWon\":null},\"experiment\":{},\"featureFlags\":{\"flags\":{\"experiment.render-web.ad-block-prompt\":false,\"experiment.render-web.inline-paywall\":false,\"experiment.render-web.none\":false,\"experiment.render-web.2-step-registration-wall\":false,\"experiment.render-web.user-data-collection-during-verification\":true,\"perm.render-web.adfixus.enabled\":true,\"perm.render-web.ads.auto-refresh\":false,\"perm.render-web.account-linking.unavailable\":false,\"perm.render-web.adblock.prompt\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-native-6x2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-native-6x5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-pos-2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-pos-3\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-pos-4\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-pos-5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-pos-6\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-pos-7\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-pos-8\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-pos-9\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-desktop-pos-x\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-desktop-native-6x5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-desktop-pos-2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-desktop-pos-3\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-desktop-pos-4\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-desktop-pos-5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-desktop-pos-6\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-desktop-pos-7\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-desktop-pos-8\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-desktop-pos-9\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-desktop-pos-x\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-live-article-desktop-native-6x5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-live-article-desktop-pos-2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-live-article-desktop-pos-3\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-native-6x2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-native-6x5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-pos-2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-pos-3\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-pos-4\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-pos-5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-pos-6\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-pos-7\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-pos-8\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-pos-9\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-mobile-pos-x\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-mobile-native-6x5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-mobile-pos-2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-mobile-pos-3\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-mobile-pos-4\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-mobile-pos-5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-mobile-pos-6\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-mobile-pos-7\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-mobile-pos-8\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-mobile-pos-9\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-mobile-pos-x\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-live-article-mobile-native-6x5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-live-article-mobile-pos-2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-live-article-mobile-pos-3\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-native-6x2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-native-6x5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-pos-2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-pos-3\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-pos-4\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-pos-5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-pos-6\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-pos-7\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-pos-8\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-pos-9\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-tablet-pos-x\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-tablet-native-6x5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-tablet-pos-2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-tablet-pos-3\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-tablet-pos-4\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-tablet-pos-5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-tablet-pos-6\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-tablet-pos-7\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-tablet-pos-8\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-tablet-pos-9\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-homepage-tablet-pos-x\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-live-article-tablet-native-6x5\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-live-article-tablet-pos-2\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.lazyload-live-article-tablet-pos-3\":false,\"perm.render-web.ad.vendor-script-enabled\":true,\"perm.render-web.ads.enable-adblock\":false,\"perm.render-web.ads.enable-admiral\":true,\"perm.render-web.ads.enable-amazon\":true,\"perm.render-web.ads.enable-blockthrough\":false,\"perm.render-web.ads.enable-lazyload\":true,\"perm.render-web.ads.enable-magnite\":true,\"perm.render-web.ads.enable-mantis\":true,\"perm.render-web.ads.enable-pubmatic\":false,\"perm.render-web.ads.enable-snowplow\":false,\"perm.render-web.alib.enable\":false,\"perm.render-web.alib.enable-chartbeat\":false,\"perm.render-web.alib.enable-ga\":false,\"perm.render-web.alib.enable-snwoplow\":false,\"perm.render-web.afl-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.afl.third-party-widget\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.comments\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.disable-facebook\":false,\"perm.render-web.article.disable-google-maps\":false,\"perm.render-web.article.disable-infogram\":false,\"perm.render-web.article.disable-instagram\":false,\"perm.render-web.article.disable-omny\":false,\"perm.render-web.article.disable-scribd\":false,\"perm.render-web.article.disable-spotify\":false,\"perm.render-web.article.disable-tiktok\":false,\"perm.render-web.article.disable-twitter\":false,\"perm.render-web.article.disable-youtube\":false,\"perm.render-web.article.lazy-load.iframes\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.pos2-mrec\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.prefetch-scripts\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.scoreboard-afl\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.scoreboard-cricket\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.scoreboard-nrl\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.scoreboard-rugby-union\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.top-message.9now-cta\":true,\"perm.render-web.article.truncation.enabled\":false,\"perm.render-web.australian-open.live-scores-cta\":false,\"perm.render-web.australian-open.live-video\":false,\"perm.render-web.beyondwords-disabled\":false,\"perm.render-web.beyondwords-audio-player-midroll-ads.enabled\":true,\"perm.render-web.beyondwords-audio-player-vast-url.enabled\":true,\"perm.render-web.business-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.business-index.stock-ticker\":true,\"perm.render-web.business-index.widgets\":true,\"perm.render-web.business-index.widgets-sponsor\":true,\"perm.render-web.city-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.collections-driver.article\":false,\"perm.render-web.comments-disabled\":false,\"perm.render-web.confirmation-panel.conversion-tags\":true,\"perm.render-web.content-unit.scoreboard-afl\":true,\"perm.render-web.content-unit.scoreboard-cricket\":true,\"perm.render-web.content-unit.scoreboard-nrl\":true,\"perm.render-web.content-unit.scoreboard-rugby-union\":true,\"perm.render-web.coronavirus-hospital-widget\":false,\"perm.render-web.coronavirus-hospital-widget-graph\":false,\"perm.render-web.coronavirus-hospital-widget-link\":false,\"perm.render-web.coronavirus-widgets-homepage\":false,\"perm.render-web.coronavirus-widgets-live-article\":false,\"perm.render-web.coronavirus-widgets-topic-pages\":false,\"perm.render-web.cricket-index.scorecard\":true,\"perm.render-web.disable-todays-paper-auth\":false,\"perm.render-web.domain-app-download-widget\":true,\"perm.render-web.domain-listings-widget\":true,\"perm.render-web.domain-magazine.unavailable\":false,\"perm.render-web.domain-membership-widget\":true,\"perm.render-web.domain-home-loans-calculator-widget\":true,\"perm.render-web.domain.recommended-listings\":true,\"perm.render-web.entertainment-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.election.current-results-index\":true,\"perm.render-web.election.electorate\":true,\"perm.render-web.election.electorates-list\":true,\"perm.render-web.election.latest-seats-called\":true,\"perm.render-web.election.party-votes\":true,\"perm.render-web.election.seats-won\":false,\"perm.render-web.goodfood-guide.unavailable\":false,\"perm.render-web.higher-education-page-partner-stories.enabled\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.adspot-5\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.adspot-6\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.adspot-7\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.adspot-8\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.adspot-9\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.adspot-10\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.adspot-11\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.lazy-load.iframes\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.prefetch-scripts\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.scroll-depth\":true,\"perm.render-web.homepage.strip-enabled\":false,\"perm.render-web.lifestyle-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.live-article.market-data-widget\":true,\"perm.render-web.live-article.scoreboard-refresh\":true,\"perm.render-web.live-article.state-of-origin-widget\":false,\"perm.render-web.live-article.state-of-origin-widget-video\":false,\"perm.render-web.localstorage.cleaner.enabled\":true,\"perm.render-web.login.apple-option\":true,\"perm.render-web.login.google-option\":true,\"perm.render-web.member-services.force-disabled\":false,\"perm.render-web.money-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.national-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.native-advertising\":true,\"perm.render-web.nrl-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.nrl.third-party-widget\":true,\"perm.render-web.outbrain\":true,\"perm.render-web.outbrain-tracking\":true,\"perm.render-pagebuilder.beta-testing\":false,\"perm.disable-ink-access\":false,\"perm.api-auth.login.bypass\":false,\"perm.render-web.bt.paywall.promotions\":true,\"perm.render-web.smh.paywall.promotions\":false,\"perm.render-web.theage.paywall.promotions\":false,\"perm.render-web.watoday.paywall.promotions\":false,\"perm.render-web.paywall.tag-exclusions\":true,\"perm.render-web.paywall.tag-exclusions-nsw-floods\":true,\"perm.render-web.paywall.tag-exclusions-vic-floods\":true,\"perm.render-web.piano.enabled\":true,\"perm.render-web.piano.homepage-strip.enabled\":false,\"perm.render-web.politics-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.premium-paywall-promotions\":false,\"perm.render-web.qualtrics-embedded-feedback\":true,\"perm.render-web.qualtrics-site-intercept\":true,\"perm.render-web.registration-wall\":true,\"perm.render-web.registration-wall.supress-verification-modal\":false,\"perm.render-web.resolve-political-monitor-cta.politics-cu\":false,\"perm.render-web.resolve-political-monitor-cta.section-pages\":false,\"perm.render-web.rugby-union-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.rugby-union.third-party-widget\":true,\"perm.render-web.save-for-later\":true,\"perm.render-web.save-onboarding-part-1\":true,\"perm.render-web.save-onboarding-part-2\":true,\"perm.render-web.snowplow.page.view\":true,\"perm.render-web.sport-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.state-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.styled-components-ssr\":true,\"perm.render-web.subscriber-notification\":true,\"perm.render-web.swg-entitlement\":true,\"perm.render-web.swg-purchase\":true,\"perm.render-web.tennis-live-scores-links\":true,\"perm.render-web.todays-paper.unavailable\":false,\"perm.render-web.travel.popular-content-unit\":true,\"perm.render-web.weather\":true,\"perm.render-web.world-index.popular-content-unit\":true,\"temp.render-web.article.audio-experiment\":true,\"temp.render-web.beyondwords-accordion-disabled\":true,\"temp.render-web-metro.goodfood.coral-8-comments\":true,\"temp.render-web.dgam-adserver.enabled\":true,\"temp.render-web.europa.prioritise-load\":false,\"temp.render-web.ga4.pageview-enabled\":true,\"temp.render-web.hard-refresh-if-new-release-available\":false,\"temp.render-web.liar-liar.long-playlist\":true,\"temp.render-web.cookie.cleaner.enabled\":true,\"temp.render-web.nine-sso.callback.enabled\":false,\"temp.render-web.pagesuite-enabled\":true,\"temp.render-web.piano-homepage-header-button.enabled\":true,\"temp.render-web.log-piano-conversion.enabled\":false,\"temp.render-web.piano.member-details.enabled\":true,\"temp.render-web.piano-premium-paywall\":true,\"temp.render-web.pong-su-index.v2\":true,\"temp.render-web.puzzles.mini-crossword\":false,\"temp.render-web.referendum.iframe\":true,\"temp.render-web.resolve-political-monitor.homepage-widget\":false,\"temp.render-web.search-improvements\":true,\"temp.render-web.snowplow.gcp-enabled\":false,\"temp.render-web.sticky-billboard-ads\":true,\"temp.render-web.swg-check-entitlement\":true,\"temp.render-web.swg-prompt-disabled.brisbanetimes\":false,\"temp.render-web.swg-prompt-disabled.watoday\":false,\"temp.render-web.the-age-170-years\":true,\"temp.render-web.traveller.onboarding-banner\":false,\"temp.render-web.united-cup.live-video\":true,\"temp.render-web.us-election-article-widgets.enabled\":false,\"temp.render-web.us-elections-2024-category-page-widget.enabled\":false,\"temp.render-web.us-elections-2024-homepage-widget.enabled\":false,\"temp.render-web.us-elections-2024-index.enabled\":false,\"temp.render-web.us-elections-2024-index-page-widget.enabled\":false,\"temp.render-web.us-election-widgets-iframe.enabled\":false}},\"header\":{\"isSticky\":false},\"identification\":{\"deviceID\":null,\"nineUniqueID\":null,\"pendingVerify\":null,\"refreshTrigger\":false,\"session\":null,\"token\":null,\"user\":null},\"iframe\":{},\"liveArticle\":{\"keyPosts\":[],\"morePosts\":false,\"newPosts\":[],\"posts\":[],\"pageInfo\":null,\"pinnedPosts\":[]},\"loadingBar\":0,\"location\":null,\"login\":{\"emailAddress\":\"\",\"isLoggedIn\":false,\"isVisible\":false,\"justLoggedIn\":false,\"justLoggedInAction\":\"\",\"loginAction\":\"\",\"showModal\":\"none\",\"swgEntitlementStatus\":null},\"meterPrompt\":{\"isVisible\":false,\"limit\":0},\"myAccount\":{\"isVisible\":false},\"page\":{\"/national/victoria/vce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal-20241118-p5krgc.html\":{\"asset\":{\"ads\":{\"suppress\":false},\"assetType\":\"article\",\"categories\":[\"National\",\"Victoria\"],\"categoryId\":44,\"asset\":{\"about\":\"Victoria Curriculum and Assessment Authority boss Kylie White will leave her post immediately, as the education minister revealed early half of VCE exams were affected by the exam paper fiasco.\",\"allowComments\":true,\"body\":\"<p>Thousands of Victorian students could lose marks on their VCE exams if \\u201Canomalies\\u201D are found in results linked to the leaking of exam questions on practice tests.</p><p>Education Minister Ben Carroll announced an existing grade-check tool would be used to ensure students were graded fairly and an independent panel would oversee the process.</p><x-placeholder id=\\\"061961f84c3beb616baff2e46731039a753456b7\\\"></x-placeholder><p>Carroll said the process would identify any student who performed significantly above expected levels.</p><p>It comes after Victoria Curriculum and Assessment Authority boss Kylie White resigned following revelations some VCE exam questions had been <x-placeholder id=\\\"5b9443b74358653397c281a09539a7b3bfa269cf\\\"></x-placeholder> ahead of the tests in \\u201Chidden\\u201D parts of sample assessments.</p><p>Carroll said results would be investigated to identify if students had gained advantage from the early publication of the exam questions. \\u201CIf questions have been identified, then if any student has [been given] an unfair advantage, adjustments will be made to student marks,\\u201D he said.</p><p>The minister did not rule out students losing marks if they were found to have gained an advantage on certain questions that were released ahead of the exams.</p><x-placeholder id=\\\"34fff400b88d873d6d215834902f6e950b653c77\\\"></x-placeholder><p>\\u201CThere are a range of options that are on the table as part of our robust process we put in place, one is invalidating that question, taking marks off or indeed awarding all students the full marks for that question,\\u201D he said.</p><p>He also confirmed nearly half of VCE exams were affected in the breach.</p><x-placeholder id=\\\"835ce799f7bcf96ddda494896cfbd0bcd8bd2583\\\"></x-placeholder><p>Carroll said that in a few cases, only one to two multiple choice questions were published and there were no cases where the full exams were published.</p><p>Former VCAA boss John Firth would lead the expert panel to implement the process to look at exam results.</p><p>\\u201CThere [is] other data available to us to make sure that we can, case by case, subject by subject, look at the students marks and make sure no student has been disadvantaged or advantaged by access to the previously published material,\\u201D Firth said.</p><p>However, he said he didn\\u2019t want to pre-empt docking marks.</p><p>\\u201CIf, say, a multiple choice question worth one mark performed inconsistently with the rest of the paper, then you could take that mark off or ignore that question,\\u201D he said.</p><p>Firth said the panel had access to \\u201Chigh quality, reliable data\\u201D, such as students\\u2019 results in other exams, how they compared to other students and their performance on other questions contained in affected exams.</p><x-placeholder id=\\\"37cfb228f528cb6930ec68ba49637fb1dc377708\\\"></x-placeholder><p>\\u201CWe\\u2019re not shooting in the dark here. There is plenty of evidence and plenty of material available for us to analyse.\\u201D</p><p>Carroll said White had resigned as chief executive at the weekend. Victorian Academy of Teaching and Leadership chief Dr Marcia Devlin will replace her in an interim capacity.</p><p>The opposition education spokeswoman Jess Wilson said the minister was complicit in a cover-up, after revealing last week he was aware of the breaches in October.</p><p>\\u201CThe minister has known from mid-October that VCE exams have been compromised \\u2026 many of them substantially compromised, putting so many Victorian students who worked hard for years disadvantaged,\\u201D she said.</p><x-placeholder id=\\\"eb8dbcd53dc052325f30c0681e3a339c5f73f17e\\\"></x-placeholder><p>She wanted the government to back the opposition\\u2019s push for the ombudsman to investigate the debacle. Wilson also questioned how it would be possible for authorities to differentiate between students who had an advantage after seeing questions on sample cover sheets, and those who studied hard.</p><p>\\u201CThis is the problem, now we\\u2019re talking about potentially taking marks off students without any proof they\\u2019ve actually done anything wrong, and let\\u2019s be clear no student has done anything wrong,\\u201D she said.</p><x-placeholder id=\\\"6c819b345dccc79ffa19efa7b6adc397f9c91830\\\"></x-placeholder><p>However, Carroll earlier said the authority had previously reassured him that questions in affected exams had been rewritten.</p><p>\\u201CTo be provided reassurances that have turned out to be false is deeply unsatisfactory,\\u201D he said.</p><p>But schools have also been blindsided. Victorian Association of State Secondary Principals president Colin Axup said schools were left in the dark about the process until after the press conference on Monday.</p><p>\\u201CPrincipals and staff and schools have been dealing with the fallout without support or clear direction from the VCAA,\\u201D he said, adding that they welcomed the grade-check process.</p><p>\\u201CIt\\u2019s been used before, so, if you like, we have a measure of confidence in that process, but it\\u2019s the best approach given the circumstances.\\u201D</p><p>Independent Schools Victoria said it remained to be seen if the process would restore confidence in the exam and curriculum body.</p><x-placeholder id=\\\"95023e60102e89f78ff298fdfbf6982598bbda92\\\"></x-placeholder><p>\\u201CSchool communities have well-founded concerns that some students have been advantaged, and others disadvantaged, by this failure,\\u201D chief executive Rachel Holthouse said.</p><p>\\u201CConfidence has been further eroded by a lack of candour on the part of the VCAA when it became aware of the leak.\\u201D</p><p>She said the authority must provide clear and prompt answers to questions that principals were raising about the assumptions, guidelines and procedures applied in assessing exam papers in \\u201Cextraordinary circumstances\\u201D.</p><p><b><i><b>Start the day with a summary of the day\\u2019s most important and interesting stories, analysis and insights. <x-placeholder id=\\\"8c94f0744f70ee1678cf592fa1f2abc46d3e5895\\\"></x-placeholder>.</b></i></b></p>\",\"bodyPlaceholders\":{\"061961f84c3beb616baff2e46731039a753456b7\":{\"data\":{\"id\":\"6364847234112\"},\"type\":\"video\"},\"34fff400b88d873d6d215834902f6e950b653c77\":{\"data\":{\"altText\":\"\",\"animated\":false,\"aspect\":1.5,\"autoCrop\":false,\"caption\":\"Victoria Curriculum and Assessment Authority boss Kylie White has resigned effective immediately. \",\"credit\":\"Nine\",\"cropWidth\":756,\"fileName\":\"4864017fe6b0f910df2ad966970ccdeaf10705f2\",\"id\":\"4864017fe6b0f910df2ad966970ccdeaf10705f2\",\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"offsetX\":112,\"offsetY\":0,\"originalHeight\":null,\"originalWidth\":null,\"source\":\"Nine\",\"zoom\":0.265},\"type\":\"image\"},\"37cfb228f528cb6930ec68ba49637fb1dc377708\":{\"data\":{\"altText\":\"\",\"aspect\":1.5,\"autoCrop\":false,\"caption\":\"Education Minister Ben Carroll apologised to VCE students for the impact the debacle had on them.\",\"credit\":\"Justin McManus\",\"cropWidth\":756,\"fileName\":\"4e934cba352357a606320224f33a3be32a2fa4d4\",\"id\":\"4e934cba352357a606320224f33a3be32a2fa4d4\",\"offsetX\":0,\"offsetY\":277,\"originalHeight\":null,\"originalWidth\":null,\"source\":\"The Age\",\"zoom\":0.151},\"type\":\"image\"},\"5b9443b74358653397c281a09539a7b3bfa269cf\":{\"data\":{\"id\":\"p5kqgt\",\"newTab\":false,\"noFollow\":false,\"text\":\"published online\"},\"type\":\"linkArticle\"},\"6c819b345dccc79ffa19efa7b6adc397f9c91830\":{\"data\":{\"id\":\"p5kqs3\"},\"type\":\"relatedStory\"},\"835ce799f7bcf96ddda494896cfbd0bcd8bd2583\":{\"data\":{\"id\":\"p5kqzl\"},\"type\":\"relatedStory\"},\"8c94f0744f70ee1678cf592fa1f2abc46d3e5895\":{\"data\":{\"id\":\"p57ogt\",\"newTab\":false,\"noFollow\":false,\"text\":\"Sign up for our Morning Edition newsletter\"},\"type\":\"linkArticle\"},\"95023e60102e89f78ff298fdfbf6982598bbda92\":{\"data\":{\"altText\":\"\",\"animated\":false,\"aspect\":1.5,\"autoCrop\":false,\"caption\":\"Students and teachers are demanding to know how the compromised exams will be marked.\",\"credit\":\"Joe Armao\",\"cropWidth\":756,\"fileName\":\"ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930\",\"id\":\"ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930\",\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"offsetX\":0,\"offsetY\":0,\"originalHeight\":null,\"originalWidth\":null,\"source\":\"The Age\",\"zoom\":0.092},\"type\":\"image\"},\"eb8dbcd53dc052325f30c0681e3a339c5f73f17e\":{\"data\":{\"displayWidth\":\"CONTENT\",\"url\":\"https://www.smh.com.au/interactive/modules/autoplay-video-loop/live/index.html?resizable=true&v=107&configUrl=https://www.smh.com.au/interactive/hub/configs/video-loop/36843.json&v=0.3505005382573785\"},\"type\":\"iframe\"}},\"byline\":\"Caroline Schelle\",\"closeComments\":false,\"headlines\":{\"headline\":\"Students could lose marks over VCE exam breach\"},\"wordCount\":815},\"dates\":{\"created\":\"2024-11-17T23:27:50Z\",\"firstPublished\":\"2024-11-18T00:38:14Z\",\"imported\":\"2024-11-18T08:12:32.457031039Z\",\"modified\":\"2024-11-18T08:12:32Z\",\"published\":\"2024-11-18T07:50:15Z\",\"saved\":\"2024-11-18T08:12:32Z\"},\"editingState\":\"ready\",\"id\":\"p5krgc\",\"featuredImages\":{\"landscape16x9\":{\"data\":{\"aspect\":1.776846,\"caption\":\"Students and teachers are demanding to know how the compromised exams will be marked.\",\"credit\":\"Joe Armao\",\"cropWidth\":1059,\"fileName\":\"ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930\",\"id\":\"ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930\",\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"offsetX\":61,\"offsetY\":142,\"source\":\"The Age\",\"zoom\":0.1447,\"age\":null,\"watermarkBrand\":null}},\"landscape3x2\":{\"data\":{\"aspect\":1.5,\"caption\":\"Students and teachers are demanding to know how the compromised exams will be marked.\",\"credit\":\"Joe Armao\",\"cropWidth\":756,\"fileName\":\"ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930\",\"id\":\"ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930\",\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"offsetX\":48,\"offsetY\":21,\"source\":\"The Age\",\"zoom\":0.1033}},\"portrait2x3\":{\"data\":{\"aspect\":0.666667,\"caption\":\"Students and teachers are demanding to know how the compromised exams will be marked.\",\"credit\":\"Joe Armao\",\"cropWidth\":378,\"fileName\":\"ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930\",\"id\":\"ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930\",\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"offsetX\":181,\"offsetY\":0,\"source\":\"The Age\",\"zoom\":0.10301598837209304}},\"square1x1\":{\"data\":{\"aspect\":1,\"caption\":\"Students and teachers are demanding to know how the compromised exams will be marked.\",\"credit\":\"Joe Armao\",\"cropWidth\":378,\"fileName\":\"ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930\",\"id\":\"ead1f5a4645a2e1cfd3096cbfaa868f38c818930\",\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"offsetX\":178,\"offsetY\":153,\"source\":\"The Age\",\"zoom\":0.10930377906976745}}},\"participants\":{\"authors\":[{\"bio\":\"Caroline Schelle is an education reporter, and joined The Age in 2022. She previously covered courts at AAP.\",\"email\":\"caroline.schelle@theage.com.au\",\"id\":\"p536cl\",\"featuredImages\":{\"headshot\":{\"data\":{\"id\":\"06fa76a02da0ea72f813d704e42fc410aebdab64\"}}},\"name\":\"Caroline Schelle\",\"profiles\":[{\"avatar\":\"06fa76a02da0ea72f813d704e42fc410aebdab64\",\"bio\":\"Caroline Schelle is an education reporter, and joined The Age in 2022. She previously covered courts at AAP.\",\"canonicalBrand\":\"theage\",\"email\":\"caroline.schelle@theage.com.au\",\"newsroom\":\"metro\",\"public\":true,\"title\":\"Education Reporter\"}],\"social\":{\"twitter\":{\"id\":\"carolineschelle\"}},\"title\":\"Education Reporter\"}]},\"publicState\":\"published\",\"seo\":{\"doNotIndex\":false,\"standout\":false,\"title\":\"VCE 2024: VCE students could lose marks over VCAA exam breach\"},\"social\":{\"doNotShare\":false},\"sourceCms\":{\"cmsType\":\"authoring\"},\"sources\":[{\"id\":\"fairfax-media-australia\",\"name\":\"Fairfax Media Australia\"}],\"storyFormat\":{\"layout\":\"news_standard\",\"size\":\"large\"},\"tags\":{\"invisible\":[{\"context\":\"Content\",\"displayName\":\"Just in Age\",\"id\":\"1m0d\",\"name\":\"Just in Age\",\"slug\":\"\",\"urls\":{}}],\"primary\":{\"context\":\"Topic\",\"displayName\":\"VCE\",\"id\":\"63s\",\"name\":\"VCE\",\"slug\":\"vce\",\"urls\":{\"published\":{\"afr\":{\"path\":\"/topic/vce-63s\"},\"brisbanetimes\":{\"path\":\"/topic/vce-63s\"},\"canberratimes\":{\"path\":\"/topic/vce-63s\"},\"nine\":{\"path\":\"/topic/vce-63s\"},\"smh\":{\"path\":\"/topic/vce-63s\"},\"theage\":{\"path\":\"/topic/vce-63s\"},\"watoday\":{\"path\":\"/topic/vce-63s\"}}}},\"secondary\":[{\"context\":\"Topic\",\"displayName\":\"Schools\",\"id\":\"1lzt\",\"name\":\"Schools\",\"slug\":\"schools\",\"urls\":{\"published\":{\"afr\":{\"path\":\"/topic/schools-1lzt\"},\"brisbanetimes\":{\"path\":\"/topic/schools-1lzt\"},\"canberratimes\":{\"path\":\"/topic/schools-1lzt\"},\"nine\":{\"path\":\"/topic/schools-1lzt\"},\"smh\":{\"path\":\"/topic/schools-1lzt\"},\"theage\":{\"path\":\"/topic/schools-1lzt\"},\"watoday\":{\"path\":\"/topic/schools-1lzt\"}}}},{\"context\":\"Topic\",\"displayName\":\"Education\",\"id\":\"5wl\",\"name\":\"Education\",\"slug\":\"education\",\"urls\":{\"published\":{\"afr\":{\"path\":\"/topic/education-5wl\"},\"brisbanetimes\":{\"path\":\"/education\"},\"canberratimes\":{\"path\":\"/education\"},\"nine\":{\"path\":\"/topic/education-5wl\"},\"smh\":{\"path\":\"/education\"},\"theage\":{\"path\":\"/education\"},\"watoday\":{\"path\":\"/education\"}}}}]},\"urls\":{\"canonical\":{\"brand\":\"theage\",\"path\":\"/national/victoria/vce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal-20241118-p5krgc.html\"},\"published\":{\"brisbanetimes\":{\"path\":\"/national/victoria/vce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal-20241118-p5krgc.html\"},\"smh\":{\"path\":\"/national/victoria/vce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal-20241118-p5krgc.html\"},\"theage\":{\"path\":\"/national/victoria/vce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal-20241118-p5krgc.html\"},\"watoday\":{\"path\":\"/national/victoria/vce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal-20241118-p5krgc.html\"}},\"webslug\":\"vce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal\"},\"version\":{\"internal\":31,\"sourceCms\":76}},\"httpStatus\":200,\"title\":\"Students could lose marks over VCE exam breach\",\"type\":\"article\"}},\"pageBuilder\":{\"inkAuthToken\":\"\"},\"paywall\":{\"currentGoogleEntitlement\":\"\",\"enabled\":null,\"isReadyToPayWithGoogle\":false,\"isReadyToPayWithGoogleSet\":false,\"paywallRule\":null,\"paywallRules\":null,\"rolloverDate\":null,\"swgAccountCreation\":\"\",\"swgLoadStatus\":\"NOT_LOADED\"},\"paywallPrompt\":{\"isVisible\":false},\"primaryNavigation\":{\"isVisible\":false,\"navigationType\":\"SECTIONS\"},\"refresh\":{\"isRefreshing\":false},\"routing\":{\"locationBeforeTransitions\":{\"pathname\":\"%2Fnational%2Fvictoria%2Fvce-exam-authority-chief-resigns-over-leaked-questions-scandal-20241118-p5krgc.html\",\"search\":\"\",\"hash\":\"\",\"state\":null,\"action\":\"POP\",\"key\":null,\"query\":{}}},\"savedAssets\":{\"id\":null,\"ids\":null},\"search\":{\"filterBy\":null,\"isMetroSearchOpen\":false,\"isTravellerSearchOpen\":false,\"newsRoomCategories\":[]},\"services\":{\"show\":false},\"subscriberNotification\":{\"retentionNotification\":{\"isVisible\":false,\"notifications\":[]}},\"sudoku\":{\"level\":\"\",\"sudokus\":null,\"summary\":null},\"targetTime\":{\"summary\":null,\"targets\":null},\"todaysPaper\":{\"url\":\"\"},\"videoPlayer\":{\"loaded\":false},\"reduxAsyncConnect\":{\"loaded\":true,\"loadState\":{\"footerLinkGroups\":{\"loading\":false,\"loaded\":true,\"error\":null},\"navigation\":{\"loading\":false,\"loaded\":true,\"error\":null}},\"footerLinkGroups\":[{\"text\":\"Our Sites\",\"links\":[{\"text\":\"The Age\",\"url\":\"https://www.theage.com.au\"},{\"text\":\"The Sydney Morning Herald\",\"url\":\"https://www.smh.com.au\"},{\"text\":\"Brisbane Times\",\"url\":\"https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au\"},{\"text\":\"WAtoday\",\"url\":\"https://www.watoday.com.au\"},{\"text\":\"The Australian Financial Review\",\"url\":\"https://www.afr.com\"},{\"text\":\"Domain\",\"url\":\"https://www.domain.com.au\"},{\"text\":\"Drive\",\"url\":\"https://www.drive.com.au\"}]},{\"text\":\"Classifieds\",\"links\":[{\"text\":\"Tributes\",\"url\":\"http://tributes.theage.com.au/obituaries/theage-au/\"},{\"text\":\"Celebrations\",\"url\":\"http://celebrations.theage.com.au/celebration/theage-au/\"},{\"text\":\"Place your ad\",\"url\":\"https://advertisers.com.au\"},{\"text\":\"Commercial Real Estate\",\"url\":\"https://www.commercialrealestate.com.au\"}]},{\"text\":\"The Age\",\"links\":[{\"text\":\"Contact & support\",\"url\":\"/contact-us\"},{\"text\":\"Advertise with us\",\"url\":\"https://www.nineforbrands.com.au/advertising-enquiries/\"},{\"text\":\"Newsletters\",\"url\":\"https://theage.myfairfax.com.au/members/lite_session/new?callback_uri=https%3A%2F%2Ftheage.myfairfax.com.au%2Fbeta%2Fmembers%2Fmy_account%2Fnewsletters%3Fchannel_key%3D4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA%26callback_uri%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.theage.com.au&channel_key=4vLxp6nBuWVKEPLaQuUKwA\"},{\"text\":\"Accessibility guide\",\"url\":\"/siteguide/accessibility\"},{\"text\":\"Sitemap\",\"url\":\"/siteguide\"},{\"text\":\"Photo sales\",\"url\":\"https://consumer.licensing-publishing.nine.com.au\"},{\"text\":\"Purchase front pages\",\"url\":\"https://thestore.com.au/products/custom-front-page\"},{\"text\":\"Content licensing\",\"url\":\"https://professional.licensing-publishing.nine.com.au\"},{\"text\":\"Work with us\",\"url\":\"https://ninecareers.com.au/\"},{\"text\":\"Terms of use\",\"url\":\"https://login.nine.com.au/terms?client_id=theage\"},{\"text\":\"Privacy policy\",\"url\":\"https://login.nine.com.au/privacy?client_id=theage\"},{\"text\":\"Press Council\",\"url\":\"https://www.presscouncil.org.au/what-we-do\"},{\"text\":\"Charter of Editorial Independence\",\"url\":\"/nine-publishing-charter-of-editorial-independence\"}]},{\"text\":\"Products & Services\",\"links\":[{\"text\":\"Subscription packages\",\"url\":\"https://subscribe.theage.com.au/?promote_channel=HI_FL_GNL\"},{\"text\":\"My account\",\"url\":\"https://www.theage.com.au/myaccount\"},{\"text\":\"Subscriber FAQs\",\"url\":\"https://help.theage.com.au/hc/en-au\"},{\"text\":\"Delivery status\",\"url\":\"https://www.theage.com.au/status\"},{\"text\":\"Today\\u2019s Paper\",\"url\":\"https://subscribe.theage.com.au/?promote_channel=HI_FL_GNL\"},{\"text\":\"Good Food Guide\",\"url\":\"/goodfood-guide\"},{\"text\":\"Daily Puzzles\",\"title\":\"Daily Puzzles & Crosswords\",\"url\":\"/puzzles\"}]}],\"navigation\":[{\"text\":\"Home\",\"url\":\"/\"},{\"text\":\"Melbourne\",\"url\":\"/melbourne-news\"},{\"text\":\"Victoria\",\"url\":\"/national/victoria\"},{\"text\":\"Politics\",\"url\":\"/politics\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"US Votes 2024\",\"url\":\"/us-votes-2024\"},{\"text\":\"Federal\",\"url\":\"/politics/federal\"},{\"text\":\"Victoria\",\"url\":\"/politics/victoria\"},{\"text\":\"NSW\",\"url\":\"/politics/nsw\"},{\"text\":\"Queensland\",\"url\":\"/politics/queensland\"},{\"name\":\"WA\",\"text\":\"Western Australia\",\"url\":\"/politics/western-australia\"}]},{\"text\":\"Business\",\"url\":\"/business\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Companies\",\"url\":\"/business/companies\"},{\"text\":\"Markets\",\"url\":\"/business/markets\"},{\"text\":\"Bulls N' Bears\",\"url\":\"/business/bullsnbears\"},{\"text\":\"The economy\",\"url\":\"/business/the-economy\"},{\"text\":\"Banking & finance\",\"url\":\"/business/banking-and-finance\"},{\"text\":\"Small business\",\"url\":\"/business/small-business\"},{\"text\":\"Media\",\"url\":\"/topic/media-and-marketing-5z7\"},{\"text\":\"Workplace\",\"url\":\"/business/workplace\"}]},{\"text\":\"World\",\"url\":\"/world\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"North America\",\"url\":\"/world/north-america\"},{\"text\":\"Europe\",\"url\":\"/world/europe\"},{\"text\":\"Asia\",\"url\":\"/world/asia\"},{\"text\":\"Middle East\",\"url\":\"/world/middle-east\"},{\"text\":\"Oceania\",\"url\":\"/world/oceania\"},{\"text\":\"South America\",\"url\":\"/world/south-america\"},{\"text\":\"Africa\",\"url\":\"/world/africa\"}]},{\"text\":\"National\",\"url\":\"/national\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"NSW\",\"url\":\"/national/nsw\"},{\"text\":\"Queensland\",\"url\":\"/national/queensland\"},{\"name\":\"WA\",\"text\":\"Western Australia\",\"url\":\"/national/western-australia\"}]},{\"text\":\"Opinion\",\"url\":\"/opinion\"},{\"text\":\"Property\",\"url\":\"/property\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"News\",\"url\":\"/property/news\"},{\"text\":\"Domain Magazine\",\"url\":\"/domain-magazine\"},{\"text\":\"Living\",\"url\":\"/property/living\"},{\"text\":\"Auctions\",\"url\":\"/topic/auctions-1nq1\"},{\"text\":\"Financing\",\"url\":\"/topic/financing-1nq2\"}]},{\"text\":\"Sport\",\"url\":\"/sport\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"AFL\",\"url\":\"/sport/afl\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Fixture\",\"url\":\"/sport/afl/fixture\"},{\"text\":\"Ladder\",\"url\":\"/sport/afl/ladder\"},{\"text\":\"Expert tips\",\"url\":\"/sport/afl/expert-tips\"},{\"text\":\"Real Footy podcast\",\"url\":\"/podcast/the-age-real-footy-podcast\"}]},{\"text\":\"Cricket\",\"url\":\"/sport/cricket\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Live scores\",\"url\":\"/sport/cricket/live-scores\"}]},{\"text\":\"Soccer\",\"url\":\"/sport/soccer\"},{\"text\":\"Racing\",\"url\":\"/sport/racing\"},{\"text\":\"Tennis\",\"url\":\"/sport/tennis\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Live scores\",\"url\":\"/sport/tennis/live-scores\"}]},{\"text\":\"NRL\",\"url\":\"/sport/nrl\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Fixtures\",\"url\":\"/sport/nrl/fixtures\"},{\"text\":\"Ladder\",\"url\":\"/sport/nrl/ladder\"},{\"text\":\"Expert tips\",\"url\":\"/sport/nrl/expert-tips\"}]},{\"text\":\"Rugby union\",\"url\":\"/sport/rugby-union\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Fixtures\",\"url\":\"/sport/rugby-union/fixtures\"},{\"text\":\"Ladder\",\"url\":\"/sport/rugby-union/ladder\"}]},{\"text\":\"Netball\",\"url\":\"/sport/netball\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Expert tips\",\"url\":\"/sport/netball/expert-tips\"}]},{\"text\":\"Basketball\",\"url\":\"/sport/basketball\"},{\"text\":\"Motorsport\",\"url\":\"/sport/motorsport\"},{\"text\":\"Cycling\",\"url\":\"/sport/cycling\"},{\"text\":\"Golf\",\"url\":\"/sport/golf\"},{\"text\":\"NFL\",\"url\":\"/sport/nfl\"},{\"text\":\"Athletics\",\"url\":\"/sport/athletics\"},{\"text\":\"Swimming\",\"url\":\"/sport/swimming\"},{\"text\":\"Boxing\",\"url\":\"/sport/boxing\"}]},{\"text\":\"Good Food\",\"url\":\"/goodfood\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Eating out\",\"url\":\"/goodfood/melbourne-eating-out\"},{\"text\":\"Recipes\",\"url\":\"/goodfood/recipes\"},{\"text\":\"Tips & advice\",\"url\":\"/goodfood/tips-and-advice\"},{\"text\":\"Drinks\",\"url\":\"/goodfood/drinks\"}]},{\"text\":\"Culture\",\"url\":\"/culture\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Movies\",\"url\":\"/culture/movies\"},{\"text\":\"TV & radio\",\"url\":\"/culture/tv-and-radio\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"TV guide\",\"url\":\"https://tvguide.theage.com.au\"}]},{\"text\":\"Music\",\"url\":\"/culture/music\"},{\"text\":\"Celebrity\",\"url\":\"/culture/celebrity\"},{\"text\":\"Books\",\"url\":\"/culture/books\"},{\"text\":\"Comedy\",\"url\":\"/culture/comedy\"},{\"text\":\"Dance\",\"url\":\"/culture/dance\"},{\"text\":\"Musicals\",\"url\":\"/culture/musicals\"},{\"text\":\"Opera\",\"url\":\"/culture/opera\"},{\"text\":\"Theatre\",\"url\":\"/culture/theatre\"},{\"text\":\"Art & design\",\"url\":\"/culture/art-and-design\"},{\"text\":\"Live reviews\",\"url\":\"/culture/live-reviews\"},{\"text\":\"TV guide\",\"url\":\"https://tvguide.theage.com.au\"}]},{\"text\":\"Lifestyle\",\"url\":\"/lifestyle\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Health & wellness\",\"url\":\"/lifestyle/health-and-wellness\"},{\"text\":\"Fashion\",\"url\":\"/lifestyle/fashion\"},{\"text\":\"Life & relationships\",\"url\":\"/lifestyle/life-and-relationships\"},{\"text\":\"Beauty\",\"url\":\"/lifestyle/beauty\"},{\"text\":\"Style\",\"url\":\"/topic/style-luxury-1nij\"},{\"text\":\"Horoscopes\",\"url\":\"/topic/horoscopes-5yc\"}]},{\"text\":\"Traveller\",\"url\":\"/traveller\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Destination guides\",\"url\":\"/traveller/inspiration/destination-guides\"},{\"text\":\"Inspiration\",\"url\":\"/traveller/inspiration\"},{\"text\":\"Reviews & advice\",\"url\":\"/traveller/reviews-and-advice\"},{\"text\":\"Travel news\",\"url\":\"/traveller/travel-news\"}]},{\"text\":\"Good Weekend\",\"url\":\"/good-weekend\"},{\"text\":\"Spectrum\",\"url\":\"/topic/spectrum--age-only--1nln\"},{\"text\":\"Sunday Life\",\"url\":\"/sunday-life\"},{\"text\":\"Money\",\"url\":\"/money\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Super & retirement\",\"url\":\"/money/super-and-retirement\"},{\"text\":\"Investing\",\"url\":\"/money/investing\"},{\"text\":\"Banking\",\"url\":\"/money/banking\"},{\"text\":\"Borrowing\",\"url\":\"/money/borrowing\"},{\"text\":\"Saving\",\"url\":\"/money/saving\"},{\"text\":\"Tax\",\"url\":\"/money/tax\"},{\"text\":\"Planning & budgeting\",\"url\":\"/money/planning-and-budgeting\"},{\"text\":\"Insurance\",\"url\":\"/money/insurance\"}]},{\"text\":\"Education\",\"url\":\"/education\"},{\"text\":\"Healthcare\",\"url\":\"/healthcare\"},{\"text\":\"Environment\",\"url\":\"/environment\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Conservation\",\"url\":\"/environment/conservation\"},{\"text\":\"Climate change\",\"url\":\"/environment/climate-change\"},{\"text\":\"Sustainability\",\"url\":\"/environment/sustainability\"},{\"text\":\"Weather\",\"url\":\"/environment/weather\"}]},{\"text\":\"Technology\",\"url\":\"/technology\",\"children\":[{\"text\":\"Video games\",\"url\":\"/technology/video-games\"},{\"text\":\"Home tech\",\"url\":\"/topic/home-technology-hqq\"},{\"text\":\"Phones\",\"url\":\"/topic/phones-5zt\"},{\"text\":\"Gadgets\",\"url\":\"/topic/gadgets-hqp\"}]},{\"text\":\"Drive\",\"url\":\"http://www.drive.com.au\"}]}}");</script><script nomodule="" src="/assets/core-js-bundle-3.6.1.js"></script><script src="/assets/react.38e021df249a667bd410.chunk.js"></script><script src="/assets/vendorCommon.f32f9d9339ed1ee49d40.chunk.js"></script><script src="/assets/client.37e65fc22f91089699bb.chunk.js"></script><script>(function(){var g=function(e,h,f,g){ this.get=function(a){for(var a=a+"=",c=document.cookie.split(";"),b=0,e=c.length;b<e;b++){for(var d=c[b];" "==d.charAt(0);)d=d.substring(1,d.length);if(0==d.indexOf(a))return d.substring(a.length,d.length)}return null}; this.set=function(a,c){var b="",b=new Date;b.setTime(b.getTime()+6048E5);b="; expires="+b.toGMTString();document.cookie=a+"="+c+b+"; path=/; "}; this.check=function(){var a=this.get(f);if(a)a=a.split(":");else if(100!=e)"v"==h&&(e=Math.random()>=e/100?0:100),a=[h,e,0],this.set(f,a.join(":"));else return!0;var c=a[1];if(100==c)return!0;switch(a[0]){case "v":return!1;case "r":return c=a[2]%Math.floor(100/c),a[2]++,this.set(f,a.join(":")),!c}return!0}; this.go=function(){if(this.check()){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.src=g;document.body&&document.body.appendChild(a)}}; this.start=function(){var t=this;"complete"!==document.readyState?window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener("load",function(){t.go()},!1):window.attachEvent&&window.attachEvent("onload",function(){t.go()}):t.go()};}; try{(new g(100,"r","QSI_S_ZN_0D1RDMYOnHU4HDE","https://znawqoh5e46wdazt0-nineresearch.siteintercept.qualtrics.com/SIE/?Q_ZID=ZN_0D1RDMYOnHU4HDE")).start()}catch(i){}})();</script><div id="ZN_0D1RDMYOnHU4HDE"></div><link as="script" href="/assets/Homepage.ff2384caa76b26ee1eba.chunk.js" rel="prefetch"/><script>(function(src) { var a = document.createElement("script"); a.type = "text/javascript"; a.async = true; a.src = src; var b = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b) })("//cdn.tinypass.com/api/tinypass.min.js"); </script></body></html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10